CN110552750B - Non-azeotropic organic Rankine-dual-injection combined cooling, heating and power system - Google Patents
Non-azeotropic organic Rankine-dual-injection combined cooling, heating and power system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110552750B CN110552750B CN201910786317.5A CN201910786317A CN110552750B CN 110552750 B CN110552750 B CN 110552750B CN 201910786317 A CN201910786317 A CN 201910786317A CN 110552750 B CN110552750 B CN 110552750B
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims description 37
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims description 37
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoropropane Chemical group FC(F)CC(F)(F)F MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种非共沸有机朗肯‑双喷射冷热电联供系统，包括膨胀机、喷射器、冷凝器、喷射回热器、储液罐、工质泵、发生器、节流阀、蒸发器和调节阀；膨胀机的乏气出口与喷射器的工作流体进口相连，喷射器的出口经冷凝器与喷射回热器的引射流体进口相连，喷射回热器的出口经储液罐后，一路依次经工质泵、发生器与膨胀机的蒸气进口相连，另一路依次经节流阀、蒸发器与喷射器的引射流体进口相连，膨胀机的抽气口经调节阀与喷射回热器的工作流体进口相连。本发明利用非共沸混合工质在换热器内的温度滑移特性降低系统的不可逆损失，采用喷射回热器达到高效换热和增压的目的，回收膨胀机抽气的热量，降低了工质泵功耗，提高系统效率及技术经济性。
The invention discloses a non-azeotropic organic Rankine-double jet combined cooling, heating and power supply system, comprising an expander, an ejector, a condenser, a jet regenerator, a liquid storage tank, a working medium pump, a generator, a throttle Valve, evaporator and regulating valve; the exhaust gas outlet of the expander is connected to the working fluid inlet of the ejector, the outlet of the ejector is connected to the ejection fluid inlet of the ejector regenerator through the condenser, and the outlet of the ejector regenerator is connected to the ejector fluid inlet of the regenerator. After the liquid tank, one way is connected to the steam inlet of the expander through the working fluid pump and the generator in turn, and the other way is connected to the ejector fluid inlet of the ejector through the throttle valve and the evaporator in turn. The working fluid inlet of the jet regenerator is connected. The invention utilizes the temperature glide characteristic of the non-azeotropic mixed working medium in the heat exchanger to reduce the irreversible loss of the system, adopts the jet regenerator to achieve the purpose of high-efficiency heat exchange and pressurization, recovers the heat pumped by the expander, and reduces the The power consumption of the working fluid pump is improved, and the system efficiency and technical economy are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a low-grade heat energy utilization technology, in particular to a non-azeotropic organic Rankine-dual-injection combined cooling heating and power system.
Background
China has abundant renewable energy sources such as solar energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, ocean energy and the like, but the problem of low energy grade generally exists, and a large amount of low-temperature waste heat resources exist in the industrial production process. The low-grade heat energy high-efficiency recycling technology is developed, the energy utilization efficiency of China can be greatly improved, fossil energy consumption is reduced, and sustainable development of the society and economy of China is realized.
The energy co-generation system is an important and effective means for improving the energy utilization rate, and the circulating system can not only meet multiple energy requirements in daily life and industrial production, but also realize high-efficiency conversion, comprehensive gradient utilization and energy conservation of energy. In recent years, due to the shortage of energy and the continuous increase of refrigeration energy consumption, a combined cooling, heating and power system receives more and more extensive attention.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to recycle low-grade heat energy and output various energy requirements, the invention provides a non-azeotropic organic Rankine-dual-injection combined cooling heating and power system, which utilizes the low-grade heat energy including industrial waste heat, solar energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy and the like to output electric power and cold energy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a non-azeotropic organic Rankine-double-injection combined cooling heating power system comprises an expander, an injector, a condenser, an injection heat regenerator, a liquid storage tank, a working medium pump, a generator, a throttle valve, an evaporator, a heat source, a generator and a regulating valve;
the exhaust outlet of the expander is connected with the working fluid inlet of the ejector, the outlet of the ejector is connected with the injection fluid inlet of the injection heat regenerator through the condenser, the outlet of the injection heat regenerator is divided into two paths after passing through the liquid storage tank, one path is sequentially connected with the steam inlet of the expander through the working medium pump and the generator, the other path is sequentially connected with the injection fluid inlet of the ejector through the throttle valve and the evaporator, and the air exhaust port of the expander is connected with the working fluid inlet of the injection heat regenerator through the regulating valve;
the heat source is connected with the generator and heats the circulating working medium in the generator; the expansion machine is connected with the generator to drive the generator to generate electricity; condensing the circulating working medium in a condenser and releasing heat to obtain heat energy; the circulating working medium is evaporated in the evaporator to absorb heat, and cold energy is obtained.
According to the combined cooling heating and power system, the energy distribution of the generated energy and the refrigerating capacity is realized through the regulating valve; organic working medium exhaust steam at the outlet of the expansion machine enters an ejector, the pressure and the speed are reduced and increased at the throat part of the ejector, secondary organic working medium gas at the outlet of an ejector is ejected, and the organic working medium exhaust steam and the secondary organic working medium gas are mixed in a mixing chamber and then flow out of the ejector through pressurization and speed reduction to enter a condenser; organic working medium steam with certain pressure extracted from the expansion machine enters the injection heat regenerator, liquid organic working medium at the outlet of the injection condenser enters the injection heat regenerator, and two streams of fluid enter the liquid storage tank after heat exchange in the injection heat regenerator.
The improved heat regenerator includes one heat regenerator with one side connected between the ejector and the condenser and the other side connected between the work medium pump and the generator. The heat regenerator is used for recovering heat of the circulating working medium at the outlet of the ejector, reducing the heat load of the condenser and improving the utilization efficiency of the heat.
As an improvement of the invention, the heat generator also comprises a fan coil used for supplying heat, and a heat source sequentially flows through the generator and the fan coil. Therefore, the heat source provides heat required by the generator firstly and then enters the fan coil to meet the heating requirement of a user, and the gradient utilization of energy is realized.
As an improvement of the invention, a generator cooling pipe for cooling the generator is further arranged in parallel on the pipeline connecting the expander and the ejector. So, the circulation working medium exhaust steam cooling generator of usable expander export, the cooling effect is better and simple structure, has retrieved the heat of generator simultaneously, has improved the thermal efficiency of system.
As an improvement of the invention, the evaporator is also matched with a liquid level sensor, and the liquid level sensor is electrically connected with a frequency converter of the working medium pump. So, when the evaporimeter liquid level was higher, the frequency of accent working medium pump was turned up, when the evaporimeter liquid level was lower, turned down the frequency of working medium pump, realized that the liquid level of evaporimeter is stable, the steady operation of guarantee system.
As an improvement of the invention, the circulating working medium adopts a non-azeotropic mixed working medium consisting of R245fa and R601a, and the mass ratio of R245fa to R601a is 0.376: 0.624. Therefore, the potential energy of the greenhouse effect of R245fa can be reduced, the flammability of R601a can be solved, the temperature slip characteristic of the non-azeotropic working medium in the generator, the condenser and the evaporator is utilized, the irreversible loss of heat exchange equipment is reduced, and the economical efficiency of system energy utilization is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) by adopting a non-azeotropic mixed working medium consisting of R245fa and R601a, the mass ratio of R245fa to R601a is 0.376:0.624, the potential value of greenhouse effect of R245fa is reduced, and the flammability of R601a is solved. Meanwhile, the irreversible loss of the system can be effectively reduced by utilizing the temperature slip characteristic of the non-azeotropic mixed working medium in the heat exchanger.
(2) The outlet of the expansion machine is provided with the bypass pipe to be connected with the generator, the generator is cooled by using the exhaust steam of the circulating working medium at the outlet of the expansion machine, the cooling effect is better, the structure is simple, meanwhile, the heat of the generator is recovered, and the heat efficiency of the system is improved.
(3) The injection heat regenerator is used as both the ejector and the heat regenerator, on one hand, the purposes of high-efficiency heat exchange and pressurization are achieved due to the shock wave phenomenon of the circulating working medium in the ejector, the power consumption of the working medium pump is reduced, and the cavitation problem of the circulating working medium at the inlet of the working medium pump is avoided; on the other hand, the heat of the air extracted by the expander can be recovered, and the system efficiency and the technical economy are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a non-azeotropic organic Rankine-dual injection cogeneration system of the invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1-an expander; 2-an ejector; 3-a condenser; 4-injection heat regenerator; 5-a liquid storage tank; 6-working medium pump; 7-a generator; 8-a throttle valve; 9-an evaporator; 10-a heat source; 11-a cooling tower; 12-a water pump; 13-with the cold side; 14-a coaxial device; 15-a generator; 16-generator cooling tubes; 17-a liquid level sensor; 18-a regulating valve; 19-a fan coil; 20-regenerator.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in fig. 1, the zeotropic organic rankine-dual injection combined cooling heating and power system of the embodiment includes an expander 1, an injector 2, a condenser 3, an injection regenerator 4, a liquid storage tank 5, a working medium pump 6, a generator 7, a throttle valve 8, an evaporator 9, a heat source 10, a cooling tower 11, a water pump 12, a cold side 13, a coaxial device 14, a generator 15, a generator cooling pipe 16, a liquid level sensor 17, a regulating valve 18, a fan coil 19, a regenerator 20, and a matching connecting pipeline.
The exhaust gas outlet of the expansion machine 1 is connected with the working fluid inlet of the ejector 2, the outlet of the ejector 2 is sequentially connected with the injection fluid inlet of the injection heat regenerator 4 through the heat regenerator 20 and the condenser 3, the outlet of the injection heat regenerator 4 is divided into two paths after passing through the liquid storage tank 5, one path is sequentially connected with the steam inlet of the expansion machine 1 through the working medium pump 6, the heat regenerator 20 and the generator 7, the other path is sequentially connected with the injection fluid inlet of the ejector 2 through the throttle valve 8 and the evaporator 9, and the air suction port of the expansion machine 1 is connected with the working fluid inlet of the injection heat regenerator 4 through the regulating valve 18.
The circulation working medium exhaust steam at the outlet of the expansion machine 1 enters the ejector 2, the throat part of the ejector 2 is decompressed and accelerated, the secondary circulation working medium gas at the outlet of the evaporator 9 is ejected, and the two are mixed in the mixing chamber and then flow out of the ejector 2 through pressurization and deceleration to enter the condenser 3.
The heat regenerator 20 is used for recovering heat of the circulating working medium at the outlet of the ejector 2, reducing the heat load of the condenser 3 and improving the utilization efficiency of the heat.
Circulating working medium steam with certain pressure extracted from the expansion machine 1 enters the injection heat regenerator 4, liquid circulating working medium at the outlet of the injection condenser 3 enters the injection heat regenerator 4, and two streams of fluid enter the liquid storage tank 5 after heat exchange in the injection heat regenerator 4.
According to the injection heat regenerator 4 disclosed by the invention, the circulating working medium extracted from the expander 1 is in a supersonic flow state in the flow channel, and due to the backpressure factor, shock waves are generated at the throat part, so that the gas phase condensation is accelerated, the pressure of the fluid is rapidly increased, and the purposes of efficient heat exchange and pressurization are achieved. The injection heat regenerator 4 is used as an ejector to realize the injection and pressurization of the liquid working medium at the outlet of the condenser 3, reduce the power consumption of the working medium pump 6, avoid the cavitation problem of the organic working medium at the inlet of the working medium pump 6, and also used as a heat regenerator to recover the heat extracted by the expander 1, thereby improving the system efficiency and the technical economy.
As can be seen from the connection relationship between the ejector 2 and the ejector regenerator 4, the energy distribution of the power generation amount and the refrigerating capacity of the system is realized by the regulating valve 18.
The expander 1 is connected to a generator 15 via a coupling 14, and drives the generator 15 to generate electricity. The exhaust gas outlet of the expander 1 is provided with a generator cooling pipe 16 connected with a generator, and the generator 15 is cooled by using the circulating working medium exhaust gas at the outlet of the expander 1, so that the cooling effect is good, the structure is simple, the heat of the generator 15 is recovered, and the heat efficiency of the system is improved.
The condenser 3, the cooling tower 11 and the water pump 12 are connected in sequence to form a cooling water loop for taking out heat released by condensation of the circulating working medium, although the heat is discharged to the atmosphere through the cooling tower 11 in the embodiment, the heat can be easily thought of, and hot water can be completely provided for users to realize heat supply. Of course, the air cooling mode can be adopted according to the actual situation, and hot air can be provided for users.
The evaporator 9 is connected with the cold side 13, and the cold energy generated by the heat absorption of the circulating working medium in the evaporator 9 is provided for users through the cold side 13, and the cold supply mode is not limited.
The heat source 10, the generator 7 and the fan coil 19 are sequentially connected to form a loop, the heat source 10 provides heat required by the generator 7 firstly, and then the heat enters the fan coil 19 to meet the heating requirement of a user, so that the gradient utilization of energy is realized. The heat source 10 may be industrial waste heat, solar energy, geothermal energy, biomass energy, etc., or a combination of various low grade heat energies.
The circulating working medium adopts a non-azeotropic mixed working medium consisting of R245fa and R601a, and also can adopt other multi-component non-azeotropic mixed working media. The mass ratio of the R245fa to the R601a is 0.376:0.624, the potential value of the greenhouse effect of R245fa is reduced, the flammability of R601a is solved, and meanwhile, the irreversible loss of heat exchange equipment is reduced and the economy of system energy utilization is improved by utilizing the temperature slip characteristics of non-azeotropic working media in the generator 7, the condenser 3 and the evaporator 9.
The working process of the present invention is described below by taking R245fa/R601a as an example of the circulating working medium:
the mixed working medium R245fa/R601a (0.376:0.624) is heated by a heat source 10 in a generator 7 to be high-temperature high-pressure superheated supersaturated steam, the steam enters an expander 1 to act to drive a generator 15 to generate electricity, the mixed working medium dead steam at the outlet of the expander 1 enters an ejector 2, the steam is decompressed and accelerated in a throat pipe of the ejector 2, the secondary mixed working medium gas at the outlet of an evaporator 9 is introduced, the mixed working medium gas and the secondary mixed working medium gas are mixed in a mixing chamber, then flow out of the ejector 2 through pressurization and deceleration, the mixed working medium at the outlet of a working medium pump 6 is heated by a heat regenerator 20, and then the mixed working medium enters a condenser 3. Mixed working medium steam with certain pressure is extracted from the expansion machine 1 and enters the injection heat regenerator 4, liquid mixed working medium at the outlet of the injection condenser 3 enters the injection heat regenerator 4, two streams of fluid enter the liquid storage tank 5 after heat exchange in the injection heat regenerator 4 and then are divided into two parts, one part is pressurized by the working medium pump 6 and then is subjected to heat exchange with the heat source 10 after the heat of the mixed working medium at the outlet of the injector 2 is recovered by the heat regenerator 20, the other part enters the generator 7 to form circulation after being heated at constant pressure, and the other part enters the evaporator 9 through the throttle valve 8 to be evaporated and refrigerated. The liquid level of the evaporator 9 is subjected to linkage control through a liquid level sensor 17 and a frequency converter of the working medium pump 6, so that the stable operation of the system is realized. The energy distribution of the power generation and the refrigerating capacity is realized by the regulating valve 18.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention accordingly, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention accordingly. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present disclosure are intended to be covered by the scope of the present disclosure.
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| TWI842860B (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2024-05-21 | 大陸商上海伊萊茨真空技術有限公司 | Condenser pre-pressurization system can improve the power generation efficiency of thermal power plant steam turbines |
| CN114458408B (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2023-06-09 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Solar-driven ammonia water double-adjustable ejector power generation system |
| CN112648107B (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2023-04-07 | 昆明理工大学 | Internal combustion engine waste heat recovery system based on non-azeotropic mixed working medium power-cooling combined supply combined cycle |
| CN114017944B (en) * | 2021-10-16 | 2023-06-20 | 昆明理工大学 | A flue gas waste heat driven flash steam supplement ORC-injection combined cycle cooling and power supply system |
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| US3686867A (en) * | 1971-03-08 | 1972-08-29 | Francis R Hull | Regenerative ranking cycle power plant |
| JP4572910B2 (en) * | 2007-06-11 | 2010-11-04 | 株式会社デンソー | Two-stage decompression type ejector and ejector type refrigeration cycle |
| WO2009017473A2 (en) * | 2007-07-27 | 2009-02-05 | Utc Power Corporation | Oil recovery from an evaporator of an organic rankine cycle (orc) system |
| CN103003642B (en) * | 2010-07-23 | 2015-07-08 | 开利公司 | Ejector cycle |
| CN103775145A (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2014-05-07 | 天津大学 | Organic Rankine circulating system with double-ejector supercharging device |
| CN106837442A (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2017-06-13 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of pair of injecting type ORC system |
| CN109488545B (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2023-10-10 | 中国海洋大学 | Multi-effect generator and absorption power-exhaust injection refrigeration power generation cycle system |
| CN109854314B (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2024-07-26 | 国能宿州热电有限公司 | Power generation device and method for recovering heat of cold source of power plant |
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