CN114111413A - Compression energy storage system adopting carbon dioxide mixed working medium and working method thereof - Google Patents
Compression energy storage system adopting carbon dioxide mixed working medium and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 264
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011555 saturated liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 51
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
- F28D20/028—Control arrangements therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
Abstract
The invention discloses a compression energy storage system adopting carbon dioxide mixed working medium and a working method thereof, wherein the system comprises: the system comprises a first working medium storage tank, an evaporator, a first heat exchanger, a compressor module, a second heat exchanger, a liquid expander, a separator, a second working medium storage tank, a third heat exchanger, a gas expander module, a fourth heat exchanger, a first gas expander and a condenser; the first working medium storage tank is used for storing the carbon dioxide mixed working medium after energy is released; the second working medium storage tank is used for storing the carbon dioxide mixed working medium after energy storage; the carbon dioxide mixed working medium is a non-azeotropic mixture formed by mixing a refrigerant and carbon dioxide. The compression energy storage system provided by the invention can solve the problem of the existing CO2Low pressure CO of energy storage system2Difficult condensation and high system operation pressure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical fields of renewable energy sources, energy storage technology, power grid stability, distributed energy sources and the like, and particularly relates to a compression energy storage system adopting a carbon dioxide mixed working medium and a working method thereof.
Background
With the development of society and the increase of energy demand, the national demand for clean energy is continuously increasing; however, renewable energy sources have technical problems of instability and intermittency in the power generation process, and the development of the technology is hindered.
Currently, power storage systems are an important way to solve the above problems; the compressed air energy storage technology is one of numerous energy storage technologies, is widely welcomed due to the advantages of low construction cost, long life cycle, high energy density and the like, but is limited to large-scale application due to the problems that fossil fuel is required to be afterburned in the operation process, a large-scale gas storage chamber is required and the like; the liquid air energy storage technology for storing air in a liquid form greatly improves the energy density of a system, so that the compressed air energy storage technology is free from the limitation of terrain, but the critical temperature of the air is low, the temperature during normal pressure liquefaction is about-196 ℃, great requirements are provided for system design and device materials, and the safety and stability of the system face great challenges.
CO2Belongs to natural working media and has good environmental performance (ozone depletion potential is 0, global warming potential is 1, self-toxicity, incombustibility, strong thermal stability and low price); CO22The critical parameters are moderate (the critical temperature is 31 ℃, the critical pressure is 7.4MPa), and compared with air liquefaction, the liquefaction is easier; with CO2The thermodynamic cycle has the advantages of compact equipment and strong work-doing capability. To sum up, use CO2The method becomes a new research hotspot in the field of energy storage for a compression energy storage system of working media. Different from compressed air energy storage technology, with CO2The compression energy storage system for working medium is a closed cycle, i.e. CO discharged by turbine expansion work application in the energy release process2Also stored and cannot be vented directly to the atmosphere; thus, CO is compressed2The energy storage system has the technical problem that the liquefaction of the subcritical exhaust of the turbine is difficult.
To realize low pressure CO2Liquefaction of existing CO2External cold sources such as liquefied natural gas are generally adopted in the energy storage technology, but the flexibility of the system is greatly limited; or, the low-temperature cold accumulation device is used, but a solid-liquid phase change material is needed, and the device can be operated only by a large pinch point temperature difference, so that the system efficiency is greatly reduced; alternatively, throttle liquefaction components (e.g., throttle valves, injectors, vortex tubes, etc.) are employed, but the expansion ratio is greatly reduced and the throttle pressure tends to be above the critical pressure, greatly reducing system efficiency and energy density. In addition, the first and second substrates are,CO2the pressure at the triple point is 0.52MPa, so that the existing CO2The pressure of the energy storage system is higher during operation (>15MPa)。
In summary, a new compression energy storage system using carbon dioxide mixed working medium and a working method thereof are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a compression energy storage system adopting a carbon dioxide mixed working medium and a working method thereof, so as to solve one or more technical problems. The compression energy storage system provided by the invention can solve the problem of the existing CO2Low pressure CO of energy storage system2Difficult condensation and high system operation pressure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a compression energy storage system adopting carbon dioxide mixed working medium, which comprises: the system comprises a first working medium storage tank, an evaporator, a first heat exchanger, a compressor module, a second heat exchanger, a liquid expander, a separator, a second working medium storage tank, a third heat exchanger, a gas expander module, a fourth heat exchanger, a first gas expander and a condenser;
the first working medium storage tank is used for storing the carbon dioxide mixed working medium after energy is released; the second working medium storage tank is used for storing the carbon dioxide mixed working medium after energy storage; the carbon dioxide mixed working medium is a non-azeotropic mixture formed by mixing a refrigerant and carbon dioxide;
an outlet of the first working medium storage tank is communicated with an inlet of the compressor module through a cold side channel of the evaporator and a cold side channel of the first heat exchanger in sequence, an outlet of the compressor module is communicated with an inlet of the liquid expander through a hot side channel of the first heat exchanger, and an outlet of the compressor module is also communicated with an inlet of the liquid expander through a hot side channel of the second heat exchanger;
the outlet of the liquid expander is communicated with the inlet of the separator; a gas outlet of the separator is communicated with an inlet of a cold side channel of the first heat exchanger, and a liquid outlet of the separator is communicated with an inlet of the second working medium storage tank;
an outlet of the second working medium storage tank is communicated with an inlet of the gas expander module through a cold side channel of the third heat exchanger, an outlet of the second working medium storage tank is also communicated with an inlet of the gas expander module through a cold side channel of the fourth heat exchanger, and an outlet of the gas expander module is communicated with an inlet of the first gas expander through a hot side channel of the fourth heat exchanger;
and the outlet of the first gas expander is communicated with the inlet of the first working medium storage tank through the hot side channel of the condenser.
The invention has the further improvement that the carbon dioxide mixed working medium is a non-azeotropic mixture formed by mixing a refrigerant and carbon dioxide, and specifically comprises the following components:
the carbon dioxide mixed working medium is CO2Mixed working medium/R1270 and CO2Mixed working fluid of/R161, CO2Mixed working medium of/R1234 yf and CO2Mixed working medium of/RE 170 and CO2Mixed working fluid/CO R152a2the/R600 a mixed working medium.
A further development of the invention is that,
the CO is2The mass percent of R1270 in the/R1270 mixed working medium is 9-40%;
the CO is2The mass percent of R161 in the/R161 mixed working medium is 18-40%;
the CO is2The mass percent of R1234yf in the mixed working medium of/R1234 yf is 30% -40%;
the CO is2The RE170 mass percent in the/RE 170 mixed working medium is 18-30%;
the CO is2The mass percent of R152a in the mixed working medium of/R152 a is 33-40%;
the CO is2The mass percent of R600a in the mixed working medium of/R600 a is 15-30%.
The invention further improves the method and also comprises the following steps: the system comprises a first methanol storage tank, a first circulating methanol pump, a second methanol storage tank and a second circulating methanol pump;
an outlet of the first methanol storage tank is communicated with an inlet of the second methanol storage tank through the first circulating methanol pump and a cold side channel of the second heat exchanger in sequence; and the outlet of the second methanol storage tank is communicated with the inlet of the first methanol storage tank through the second circulating methanol pump and a hot side channel of the third heat exchanger in sequence.
The invention further improves the method and also comprises the following steps: a third methanol storage tank, a third circulating methanol pump, a fourth methanol storage tank and a fourth circulating methanol pump;
an outlet of the third methanol storage tank is communicated with an inlet of the fourth methanol storage tank through the third circulating methanol pump and a hot side channel of the evaporator in sequence; and an outlet of the fourth methanol storage tank is communicated with an inlet of the third methanol storage tank through the fourth circulating methanol pump and a cold side channel of the condenser in sequence.
The invention has the further improvement that the outlet of the first working medium storage tank is communicated with the inlet of the compressor module through the cold side channel of the evaporator and the cold side channel of the first heat exchanger in sequence, the outlet of the compressor module is communicated with the inlet of the liquid expander through the hot side channel of the first heat exchanger, the outlet of the compressor module is also communicated with the inlet of the liquid expander through the hot side channel of the second heat exchanger,
the compressor module is formed by connecting multiple stages of compressors in series, and the outlet of each stage of compressor is communicated with the lower stage through a hot side channel of the cooler;
the outlet of the first working medium storage tank sequentially passes through the cold side channel of the evaporator and the cold side channel of the first heat exchanger to be communicated with the inlet of the first stage compressor of the compressor module, the outlet of the last stage compressor of the compressor module is communicated with the inlet of the liquid expander through the hot side channel of the first heat exchanger, and the outlet of the last stage compressor of the compressor module is communicated with the inlet of the liquid expander through the hot side channel of the second heat exchanger.
The invention has the further improvement that the outlet of the second working medium storage tank is communicated with the inlet of the gas expander module through the cold side channel of the third heat exchanger, the outlet of the second working medium storage tank is also communicated with the inlet of the gas expander module through the cold side channel of the fourth heat exchanger, the outlet of the gas expander module is communicated with the inlet of the first gas expander through the hot side channel of the fourth heat exchanger,
the gas expander module is formed by connecting multiple stages of gas expanders in series, and the inlet of each stage of gas expander is communicated with the upper stage through a cold side channel of the heater;
the outlet of the second working medium storage tank is communicated with the inlet of the first-stage gas expander of the gas expander module through the cold-side channel of the third heat exchanger, the outlet of the second working medium storage tank is also communicated with the inlet of the first-stage gas expander of the gas expander module through the cold-side channel of the fourth heat exchanger, and the outlet of the last-stage gas expander of the gas expander module is communicated with the inlet of the first gas expander through the hot-side channel of the fourth heat exchanger.
The invention further improves the method and also comprises the following steps: a first water tank and a second water tank;
the outlet of the first water tank is communicated with the inlet of the second water tank through the cold side channel of each cooler; a first circulating water pump is arranged at an outlet of the first water tank;
the outlet of the second water tank is respectively communicated with the inlet of the first water tank through the hot side channel of each heater; and a second circulating water pump is arranged at an outlet of the second water tank.
A further development of the invention consists in that, in the compressor module, the compressors are arranged coaxially; in the gas expander module, gas expanders are coaxially arranged.
The invention relates to a working method of a compression energy storage system adopting a carbon dioxide mixed working medium, which comprises the following steps:
in the energy storage process, the first working medium storage tank outputs the liquid carbon dioxide mixed working medium to the evaporator and evaporates the liquid carbon dioxide mixed working medium to a saturated gas state; the evaporator outputs the saturated gaseous carbon dioxide mixed working medium to the first heat exchanger and releases cold energy; the carbon dioxide mixed working medium after the cold energy is released is output to a compressor module for compression; the compressed carbon dioxide mixed working medium is divided into two paths, one path is condensed by low-temperature saturated gaseous carbon dioxide mixed working medium in a first heat exchanger, and the other path is condensed by low-temperature methanol in a second heat exchanger; the condensed high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide mixed working medium is expanded to normal pressure in a liquid expander; the expanded normal-pressure gas-liquid two-phase flow is conveyed to a separator for gas-liquid separation treatment, the separated gas and saturated gas from the evaporator are mixed and conveyed to a first heat exchanger, and the separated liquid is conveyed to a second working medium storage tank for storage;
in the energy releasing process, normal-pressure liquid carbon dioxide mixed working medium output by a second working medium storage tank is pressurized, the pressurized high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide mixed working medium is divided into two paths and respectively enters a third heat exchanger and a fourth heat exchanger to absorb heat, the carbon dioxide mixed working medium absorbing the heat enters a gas expander module to do work, the low-pressure carbon dioxide mixed working medium doing work through expansion enters the fourth heat exchanger to recover cold energy, the cooled carbon dioxide mixed working medium enters a first gas expander to be expanded and cooled, the carbon dioxide mixed working medium after being expanded and cooled is conveyed to a condenser and condensed to a saturated liquid state, and the carbon dioxide mixed working medium condensed to the saturated liquid state is stored to the first working medium storage tank.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the compression energy storage system provided by the invention can solve the problem of the existing CO compression2Low pressure CO of energy storage system2Difficult condensation and high system operation pressure. In particular, the invention uses CO2As main components, mixing refrigerant with CO2Mixing to form a non-azeotropic mixture, using CO2Designing low-pressure CO by using temperature slip characteristic of mixture during evaporation and condensation2Double-pot cold accumulation circulation during condensation, and CO is adopted2The mixture can reduce the pressure of the liquid working medium storage tank to normal pressure, and is pure CO in comparison with pure CO under the condition of the same compression ratio2The energy storage pressure of the energy storage system is greatly reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art are briefly introduced below; it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a compressed energy storage system using a carbon dioxide mixed working medium according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in fig. 1, a first working medium storage tank; 2. a valve; 3. an evaporator; 4. a first heat exchanger; 5. a first motor; 6. a first water tank; 7. a first circulating water pump; 8. a second water tank; 9. a second heat exchanger; 10. a liquid expander; 11. a first generator; 12. a separator; 13. a second working medium storage tank; 14. a working medium pump; 15. a second motor; 16. a third heat exchanger; 17. a first methanol storage tank; 18. a first recycle methanol pump; 19. a second methanol storage tank; 20. a second recycle methanol pump; 21. a second circulating water pump; 22. a second generator; 23. a fourth heat exchanger; 24. a first gas expander; 25. a third generator; 26. a condenser; 27. a third methanol storage tank; 28. a third recycle methanol pump; 29. a fourth methanol storage tank; 30. a fourth recycle methanol pump.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1, a compression energy storage system using carbon dioxide mixed working medium according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the first working medium storage tank 1 is connected with an inlet of the multistage compressor after passing through the evaporator 3 and the first heat exchanger 4; the outlet of the multistage compressor is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the first heat exchanger 4, the other path is connected to the second heat exchanger 9, the outlets of the first heat exchanger 4 and the second heat exchanger 9 are connected to the liquid expander 10 after being mixed, the liquid expander 10 is connected with the first generator 11, the outlet of the liquid expander 10 is connected to the separator 12, the outlet of the separator 12 is divided into two paths of gas and liquid, one path of gas outlet is mixed with the outlet of the evaporator 3, and the other path of liquid outlet is connected to the second working medium storage tank 13;
the outlet of the second working medium storage tank 13 is connected to the working medium pump 14, the working medium pump 14 is driven by the second motor 15, the outlet of the working medium pump 14 is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the third heat exchanger 16, the other path is connected to the fourth heat exchanger 23, the outlets of the third heat exchanger and the fourth heat exchanger 23 are connected to the multi-stage main gas expansion machine after being mixed, the multi-stage main gas expansion machine is connected to the first gas expansion machine 24 through the fourth heat exchanger 23, the first gas expansion machine 24 is connected with the third generator 25, the outlet of the first gas expansion machine 24 is connected to the condenser 26, and the outlet of the condenser 26 is connected to the first working medium storage tank 1.
The embodiment of the invention is optional, and the invention also comprises a first water tank 6 and a second water tank 8; the outlet of the first water tank 6 is connected to a multi-stage cooler through a first circulating water pump 7, and the outlet of the multi-stage cooler is connected to a second water tank 8; the outlet of the second water tank 8 is connected to a multi-stage heater via a second circulating water pump 21, the outlet of which is connected to the first water tank 6.
The embodiment of the invention is optional, and further comprises a first methanol storage tank 17, an outlet of the first methanol storage tank 17 is connected to a first circulating methanol pump 18, an outlet of the first circulating methanol pump 18 is connected to a second methanol storage tank 19 through a second heat exchanger 9, an outlet of the second methanol storage tank 19 is connected to a second circulating methanol pump 20, and the second circulating methanol pump 20 is connected to the first methanol storage tank 17 through a third heat exchanger 16.
Optionally, the present invention further includes a third methanol storage tank 27, the third methanol storage tank 27 is connected to a fourth methanol storage tank 29 through a third circulating methanol pump 28 and the evaporator 3, and an outlet of the fourth methanol storage tank 29 is connected to the third methanol storage tank 27 through a fourth circulating methanol pump 30 and the condenser 26.
Optionally, a valve 2 is arranged between the first working medium storage tank 1 and the evaporator 3.
Optionally, the multi-stage compressor may be coaxially arranged and driven by the first motor 5, gas lines of the compressors of the respective stages are sequentially connected, and a cooler is disposed on a gas exhaust line of the compressor of the respective stage. The multistage main gas expander is connected with a second generator 22, gas lines at all stages are connected in sequence, and a heater is arranged on the gas inlet line of the main gas expander at each stage.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the heat insulation material layers are arranged outside the pumps and the storage tank.
The working medium in the embodiment of the invention is CO2A mixed working medium which is a main component and can be CO2Mixed working medium/R1270 and CO2Mixed working fluid of/R161, CO2Mixed working medium of/R1234 yf and CO2Mixed working medium of/RE 170 and CO2Mixed working fluid/CO R152a2the/R600 a mixed working medium. Further, CO2The mass percent of R1270 in the/R1270 mixed working medium is 9-40%; CO22The mass percent of R161 in the/R161 mixed working medium is 18-40%; CO22The mass percent of R1234yf in the mixed working medium of/R1234 yf is 30-40%；CO2The RE170 mass percent in the/RE 170 mixed working medium is 18-30%; CO22The mass percent of R152a in the mixed working medium of/R152 a is 33-40%; CO22The mass percent of R600a in the mixed working medium of/R600 a is 15-30%.
Calculated (given conditions are calculated as shown in table 1), the cycle efficiency and energy density of the system of the invention under given conditions are:
CO in mixed working medium2And R1270 is 0.82: 0.18, circulation efficiency 52.12%, energy density 29.83kWh/m3；
CO in mixed working medium2And R161 mass ratio of 0.7: 0.3, cycle efficiency 52.95%, energy density 29.74kWh/m3；
CO in mixed working medium2And R1234yf mass ratio of 0.7: 0.3, the cycle efficiency is 48.65 percent, and the energy density is 26.98kWh/m3；
CO in mixed working medium2And RE170 in a mass ratio of 0.76: 0.24, cycle efficiency 49.51%, energy density 28.89kWh/m3；
CO in mixed working medium2And R152a mass ratio of 0.67: 0.33, cycle efficiency 48.40%, energy density 27.72kWh/m3；
CO in mixed working medium2And R600a mass ratio of 0.85: 0.15, cycle efficiency 41.77%, energy density 23.81kWh/m3。
TABLE 1 calculation of given conditions
The compression energy storage system provided by the invention can solve the problem of the existing CO compression2Low pressure CO of energy storage system2Difficult condensation and high system operation pressure. In particular, the invention uses CO2As main components, mixing refrigerant with CO2Mixing to form a non-azeotropic mixture, using CO2Designing low-pressure CO by using temperature slip characteristic of mixture during evaporation and condensation2Double-pot cold accumulation circulation during condensation, and CO is adopted2The mixture can reduce the pressure of the liquid working medium storage tank to normal pressure, and is pure CO in comparison with pure CO under the condition of the same compression ratio2The energy storage pressure of the energy storage system is greatly reduced. Illustratively, the method can be applied to occasions such as fluctuating renewable energy power generation, power grid stability regulation, distributed energy and the like, and further aims of improving the utilization rate of renewable energy, peak clipping and valley filling and power grid frequency modulation are fulfilled.
In the embodiment of the invention, CO is adopted2The compression energy storage method of the mixed working medium comprises an energy storage process and an energy release process:
in the energy storage process, liquid CO from the first working medium storage tank 12The mixed working medium enters the evaporator 3 to saturated gaseous state, low-pressure and low-temperature saturated gaseous state CO after being throttled by the valve 22The mixed working medium enters a multistage compressor after releasing cold energy in the first heat exchanger 4 and is compressed to high pressure, the compressor can be driven by a main motor driven by redundant electric energy, and high-pressure supercritical CO is adopted2The mixed working medium is condensed in two ways after releasing compression heat in the cooler, and one way is saturated by gaseous CO at low temperature in the first heat exchanger 42The mixed working medium is directly condensed, one path is condensed by low-temperature methanol, and the condensed high-pressure liquid CO is condensed2The mixed working medium is expanded to normal pressure in the liquid expander 10, the liquid expander 10 drives the first generator 11 to generate electricity to recover part of useful work, the expanded normal-pressure gas-liquid two-phase flow enters the separator 12 to be separated, the gas is mixed with saturated gas from the evaporator 3, and the normal-pressure liquid enters the second working medium storage tank 13 to be stored; meanwhile, the low-temperature methanol from the third methanol storage tank 27 is conveyed to the evaporator 3 by the third circulating methanol pump 28 to recover cold energy, the cooled methanol is stored in the fourth methanol storage tank 29, the low-temperature water from the first water tank 6 is conveyed to the multi-stage cooler by the first circulating water pump 7 to recover compression heat of each stage, the heated water is mixed and stored in the second water tank 8, the low-temperature methanol from the first methanol storage tank 17 is conveyed to the second heat exchanger 9 by the first circulating methanol pump 18 to release cold energy, the heated methanol is stored in the second methanol storage tank 19, the conversion of electric energy to heat energy and cold energy is completed in the process, and the energy storage process is completed;
in the process of energy release, the liquid state is at normal pressureCO2The mixed working medium flows out from the second working medium storage tank 13 to the working medium pump 14 for pressurization, the working medium pump 14 is driven by the electric energy output by the generator to drive the second motor 15, and the pressurized high-pressure liquid CO2The mixed working medium enters the third heat exchanger 16 and the fourth heat exchanger 23 respectively in two paths to absorb heat, and the heated CO2The mixed working medium is heated in the heaters before entering the main gas expanders of each stage, and high-temperature and high-pressure CO is generated2The mixed working medium enters into the main gas expanders of each stage to do work, the main gas expanders drive the second generator 22 to generate electricity, and the low-pressure CO after expansion and work doing2The mixed working medium enters the fourth heat exchanger 23 to recover the cold energy of the high-pressure mixed working medium, and the cooled CO2The mixed working medium enters a first gas expander 24 for expansion and temperature reduction to ensure the energy balance in a condenser 26, the first gas expander 24 drives a third generator 25 to generate power, and CO is expanded and cooled2The mixed working medium is condensed to a saturated liquid state in the condenser 26 and then stored in the first working medium storage tank 1; meanwhile, normal temperature methanol from the second methanol storage tank 19 is delivered to the third heater by the second circulating methanol pump 20, cooled low temperature methanol is stored in the first methanol storage tank 17, and high temperature water from the second water tank 8 is delivered to the heaters of each stage by the second circulating water pump 21 to heat CO2And mixing working media, mixing the cooled circulating water, flowing into the first water tank 6 for storage, conveying the low-temperature methanol from the fourth methanol storage tank 29 to the condenser 26 by the fourth circulating methanol pump 30 to release cold energy, and flowing the heated methanol into the third methanol storage tank 27 for storage.
The method of the embodiment of the invention adopts electric energy as energy input and CO2The mixed working medium is used as a circulating and energy-storing working medium. CO after energy storage and energy release2The mixed working medium is stored in a normal-pressure liquid state, the required capacity requirement can be met by the manual storage tank, and an additional low-temperature cold source and a throttling and pressure reducing device are not needed. The system has the advantages of high working efficiency, flexible application, safety, stability, high energy storage density and the like, can achieve the purposes of improving the utilization rate of renewable energy sources, clipping peaks and filling valleys, adjusting the frequency of a power grid and the like, and has important scientific significance and application value for assisting the double-carbon target in China.Further, with CO2As main components, mixing refrigerant with CO2Mixing to form a non-azeotropic mixture, using CO2Design of low pressure CO by mixing temperature slip characteristics during evaporation and condensation2The double-pot cold accumulation circulation during condensation makes the high-efficient and stable condensation of the low-pressure working medium possible. Further, CO is used2The mixture can reduce the pressure of the liquid working medium storage tank to normal pressure, and is pure CO in comparison with pure CO under the condition of the same compression ratio2The energy storage pressure of the energy storage system is greatly reduced, and the safety and reliability are greatly improved.
In summary, the invention discloses a method for using CO2A compression energy storage system and method of a mixed working medium are used for overcoming the problems that the operation pressure is high and subcritical carbon dioxide liquefaction depends on an external cold source or a throttling pressure reduction device in the existing compression carbon dioxide energy storage technology. The invention mainly consists of CO2The mixed working medium circulation loop, the heat storage water circulation loop and the two cold storage methanol circulation loops. Recycling working medium with CO2Refrigerants R1270, R161, R1234yf, RE170, R152a and R600a are respectively mixed with CO as main components2Mixing to form binary non-azeotropic mixture, and using CO2The double-tank cold accumulation cycle of low-pressure CO2 condensation is designed by mixing the temperature slip characteristics during evaporation and condensation, and CO is adopted2The mixture can reduce the pressure of the liquid working medium storage tank to normal pressure, and is pure CO in comparison with pure CO under the condition of the same compression ratio2The energy storage pressure of the energy storage system is greatly reduced. The invention has the advantages of high energy density, low operating pressure, safety, reliability and the like, can be applied to occasions such as fluctuating renewable energy power generation, power grid stability regulation, distributed energy and the like, and further aims of improving the utilization rate of renewable energy, peak clipping, valley filling and power grid frequency modulation.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an adopt compression energy storage system of carbon dioxide mixed working medium which characterized in that includes: the system comprises a first working medium storage tank (1), an evaporator (3), a first heat exchanger (4), a compressor module, a second heat exchanger (9), a liquid expander (10), a separator (12), a second working medium storage tank (13), a third heat exchanger (16), a gas expander module, a fourth heat exchanger (23), a first gas expander (24) and a condenser (26);
the first working medium storage tank (1) is used for storing the carbon dioxide mixed working medium after energy release; the second working medium storage tank (13) is used for storing the carbon dioxide mixed working medium after energy storage; the carbon dioxide mixed working medium is a non-azeotropic mixture formed by mixing a refrigerant and carbon dioxide;
an outlet of the first working medium storage tank (1) is communicated with an inlet of the compressor module through a cold side channel of the evaporator (3) and a cold side channel of the first heat exchanger (4) in sequence, an outlet of the compressor module is communicated with an inlet of the liquid expander (10) through a hot side channel of the first heat exchanger (4), and an outlet of the compressor module is also communicated with an inlet of the liquid expander (10) through a hot side channel of the second heat exchanger (9);
the outlet of the liquid expander (10) is in communication with the inlet of the separator (12); a gas outlet of the separator (12) is communicated with a cold side channel inlet of the first heat exchanger (4), and a liquid outlet of the separator (12) is communicated with an inlet of the second working medium storage tank (13);
an outlet of the second working medium storage tank (13) is communicated with an inlet of the gas expander module through a cold side channel of the third heat exchanger (16), an outlet of the second working medium storage tank (13) is also communicated with an inlet of the gas expander module through a cold side channel of the fourth heat exchanger (23), and an outlet of the gas expander module is communicated with an inlet of the first gas expander (24) through a hot side channel of the fourth heat exchanger (23);
the outlet of the first gas expander (24) is communicated with the inlet of the first working medium storage tank (1) through the hot side channel of the condenser (26).
2. The compression energy storage system adopting the carbon dioxide mixed working medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide mixed working medium is a non-azeotropic mixture formed by mixing a refrigerant and carbon dioxide, and specifically comprises:
the carbon dioxide mixed working medium is CO2Mixed working medium/R1270 and CO2Mixed working fluid of/R161, CO2Mixed working medium of/R1234 yf and CO2Mixed working medium of/RE 170 and CO2Mixed working fluid/CO R152a2the/R600 a mixed working medium.
3. The compression energy storage system adopting carbon dioxide mixed working medium as claimed in claim 2,
the CO is2The mass percent of R1270 in the/R1270 mixed working medium is 9-40%;
the CO is2The mass percent of R161 in the/R161 mixed working medium is 18-40%;
the CO is2The mass percent of R1234yf in the mixed working medium of/R1234 yf is 30% -40%;
the CO is2The RE170 mass percent in the/RE 170 mixed working medium is 18-30%;
the CO is2The mass percent of R152a in the mixed working medium of/R152 a is 33-40%;
the CO is2The mass percent of R600a in the mixed working medium of/R600 a is 15-30%.
4. The system of claim 1, further comprising: a first methanol storage tank (17), a first recycle methanol pump (18), a second methanol storage tank (19), and a second recycle methanol pump (20);
an outlet of the first methanol storage tank (17) is communicated with an inlet of the second methanol storage tank (19) through a cold side channel of the first circulating methanol pump (18) and the second heat exchanger (9) in sequence; and the outlet of the second methanol storage tank (19) is communicated with the inlet of the first methanol storage tank (17) through the second circulating methanol pump (20) and a hot side channel of the third heat exchanger (16) in sequence.
5. The system of claim 1, further comprising: a third methanol storage tank (27), a third circulating methanol pump (28), a fourth methanol storage tank (29), and a fourth circulating methanol pump (30);
an outlet of the third methanol storage tank (27) is communicated with an inlet of the fourth methanol storage tank (29) through the third circulating methanol pump (28) and a hot side channel of the evaporator (3) in sequence; the outlet of the fourth methanol storage tank (29) is communicated with the inlet of the third methanol storage tank (27) through the fourth circulating methanol pump (30) and the cold side channel of the condenser (26) in sequence.
6. The compression energy storage system adopting carbon dioxide mixed working medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outlet of the first working medium storage tank (1) is communicated with the inlet of the compressor module through the cold side channel of the evaporator (3) and the cold side channel of the first heat exchanger (4) in sequence, the outlet of the compressor module is communicated with the inlet of the liquid expander (10) through the hot side channel of the first heat exchanger (4), the outlet of the compressor module is further communicated with the inlet of the liquid expander (10) through the hot side channel of the second heat exchanger (9),
the compressor module is formed by connecting multiple stages of compressors in series, and the outlet of each stage of compressor is communicated with the lower stage through a hot side channel of the cooler;
the export of first working medium storage tank (1) passes through in proper order the cold side passageway of evaporimeter (3), the cold side passageway of first heat exchanger (4) with the import of the first order compressor of compressor module is linked together, the export of the last level compressor of compressor module warp the hot side passageway of first heat exchanger (4) with the import of liquid expander (10) is linked together, the export of the last level compressor of compressor module still passes through the hot side passageway of second heat exchanger (9) with the import of liquid expander (10) is linked together.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the outlet of the second working medium storage tank (13) is communicated with the inlet of the gas expander module through the cold-side channel of the third heat exchanger (16), the outlet of the second working medium storage tank (13) is also communicated with the inlet of the gas expander module through the cold-side channel of the fourth heat exchanger (23), and the outlet of the gas expander module is communicated with the inlet of the first gas expander (24) through the hot-side channel of the fourth heat exchanger (23),
the gas expander module is formed by connecting multiple stages of gas expanders in series, and the inlet of each stage of gas expander is communicated with the upper stage through a cold side channel of the heater;
the outlet of the second working medium storage tank (13) is communicated with the inlet of the first-stage gas expander of the gas expander module through the cold-side channel of the third heat exchanger (16), the outlet of the second working medium storage tank (13) is also communicated with the inlet of the first-stage gas expander of the gas expander module through the cold-side channel of the fourth heat exchanger (23), and the outlet of the last-stage gas expander of the gas expander module is communicated with the inlet of the first gas expander (24) through the hot-side channel of the fourth heat exchanger (23).
8. The system of claim 7, further comprising: a first water tank (6) and a second water tank (8);
the outlet of the first water tank (6) is communicated with the inlet of the second water tank (8) through the cold side channel of each cooler; a first circulating water pump (7) is arranged at an outlet of the first water tank (6);
the outlet of the second water tank (8) is respectively communicated with the inlet of the first water tank (6) through a hot side channel of each heater; and a second circulating water pump (21) is arranged at the outlet of the second water tank (8).
9. The compression energy storage system adopting carbon dioxide mixed working medium as claimed in claim 8,
in the compressor module, the compressors are coaxially arranged;
in the gas expander module, gas expanders are coaxially arranged.
10. The working method of the compression energy storage system adopting the carbon dioxide mixed working medium as the claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
in the energy storage process, the first working medium storage tank (1) outputs a liquid carbon dioxide mixed working medium to the evaporator (3) and evaporates the liquid carbon dioxide mixed working medium to a saturated gas state; the evaporator (3) outputs the saturated gaseous carbon dioxide mixed working medium to the first heat exchanger (4) and releases cold energy; the carbon dioxide mixed working medium after the cold energy is released is output to a compressor module for compression; the compressed carbon dioxide mixed working medium is divided into two paths, one path is condensed by low-temperature saturated gaseous carbon dioxide mixed working medium in the first heat exchanger (4), and the other path is condensed by low-temperature methanol in the second heat exchanger (9); the condensed high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide mixed working medium is expanded to normal pressure in a liquid expander (10); the expanded normal-pressure gas-liquid two-phase flow is conveyed to a separator (12) for gas-liquid separation treatment, the separated gas and saturated gas from an evaporator (3) are mixed and conveyed to a first heat exchanger (4), and the separated liquid is conveyed to a second working medium storage tank (13) for storage;
in the energy release process, normal-pressure liquid carbon dioxide mixed working medium output by a second working medium storage tank (13) is pressurized, the pressurized high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide mixed working medium is divided into two paths and respectively enters a third heat exchanger (16) and a fourth heat exchanger (23) to absorb heat, the carbon dioxide mixed working medium absorbing the heat enters a gas expander module to do work, the low-pressure carbon dioxide mixed working medium which is expanded to do work enters the fourth heat exchanger (23) to recover cold energy, the cooled carbon dioxide mixed working medium enters a first gas expander (24) to be expanded and cooled, the expanded and cooled carbon dioxide mixed working medium is conveyed to a condenser (26) and is condensed to a saturated liquid state, and the carbon dioxide mixed working medium condensed to the saturated liquid state is stored to a first working medium storage tank (1).
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Effective date of registration: 20231208 Address after: 618000 Jinsha Jiangxi Road, high tech Industrial Park, Deyang, Sichuan, 666 Patentee after: DONGFANG TURBINE Co.,Ltd. DTC Address before: 266061 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, No. 99 Patentee before: QINGDAO University OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY |