WO2023193309A1 - 背光模组及显示装置 - Google Patents

背光模组及显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023193309A1
WO2023193309A1 PCT/CN2022/088494 CN2022088494W WO2023193309A1 WO 2023193309 A1 WO2023193309 A1 WO 2023193309A1 CN 2022088494 W CN2022088494 W CN 2022088494W WO 2023193309 A1 WO2023193309 A1 WO 2023193309A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
guide plate
light guide
plate body
emitting component
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/088494
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘广坤
Original Assignee
武汉华星光电技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 武汉华星光电技术有限公司 filed Critical 武汉华星光电技术有限公司
Priority to US17/772,633 priority Critical patent/US20240168336A1/en
Publication of WO2023193309A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023193309A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133626—Illuminating devices providing two modes of illumination, e.g. day-night
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133601—Illuminating devices for spatial active dimming
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/0036—2-D arrangement of prisms, protrusions, indentations or roughened surfaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
    • G02B6/0051—Diffusing sheet or layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
    • G02B6/0053—Prismatic sheet or layer; Brightness enhancement element, sheet or layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0066—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
    • G02B6/0068—Arrangements of plural sources, e.g. multi-colour light sources
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0075—Arrangements of multiple light guides
    • G02B6/0076—Stacked arrangements of multiple light guides of the same or different cross-sectional area
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/1323—Arrangements for providing a switchable viewing angle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
    • G02F1/133607—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members the light controlling member including light directing or refracting elements, e.g. prisms or lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133626—Illuminating devices providing two modes of illumination, e.g. day-night
    • G02F1/133627—Projection-direct viewing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of display technology, and in particular, to a backlight module and a display device having the backlight module.
  • Displays are used in all aspects of people's daily lives, and different applications have different requirements for display viewing angles. For example, when the user is in an open environment with confidentiality requirements, such as entering a withdrawal password, taking public transportation to view private information or business negotiations, the display needs to have a narrow viewing angle to prevent peeps and protect personal privacy. When a user is in an environment where sharing is required, such as when viewing a display device with others, a wider viewing angle is required to achieve the purpose of sharing.
  • anti-peep film such as a micro-louver structure
  • the privacy film is usually attached to the cover of the display, and the light transmittance of the privacy film is small, which leads to a reduction in the display brightness of the screen. If you want to maintain the display brightness before adding the privacy film, then The input power needs to be increased, resulting in increased power consumption, and the dynamic anti-peep effect cannot be achieved.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a backlight module and a display device that can implement a dynamic privacy protection function without reducing the display brightness of the display device.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a display device, which includes a display panel and a backlight module disposed on one side of the display panel;
  • the backlight module includes:
  • the first light-emitting component includes a conventional light guide plate disposed on one side of the display panel and at least one first light source disposed on the peripheral side of the conventional light guide plate.
  • the light emitted by the first light-emitting component is in contact with the first direction.
  • the angle is less than or equal to a first preset angle, and the first direction is the direction in which the backlight module points to the display panel;
  • the second light-emitting component includes a collimating light guide plate disposed on one side of the conventional light guide plate and at least one second light source disposed on the peripheral side of the collimating light guide plate.
  • the light emitted by the second light-emitting component is The angle between the first direction is less than or equal to the second preset angle, and the second preset angle is less than the first preset angle;
  • the display device switches between a normal display mode and a privacy-preventing display mode.
  • the normal display mode at least the first light source is turned on, and in the privacy-preventing display mode, the first light source is turned off. And the second light source is turned on.
  • a first light diffusion structure is provided on a side of the conventional light guide plate away from the display panel, and the collimating light guide plate includes a light guide plate body and a light guide plate disposed on the light guide plate body.
  • a second light diffusion structure is provided on the side of the light guide plate body that is close to the light condensing layer on the side of the display panel and away from the light condensing layer.
  • the second light diffusion structure includes a plurality of first protrusions disposed on a side of the light guide plate body away from the light condensing layer, and the light condensing layer is located away from the light condensing layer.
  • a plurality of second protrusions are provided on one side of the light guide plate body, and one first protrusion is provided corresponding to one second protrusion.
  • the first protrusion in the direction in which the first protrusion points to the corresponding second protrusion, is sectioned in a direction parallel to the collimating light guide plate.
  • the area obtained gradually increases, and the area of the second protrusion cut along the direction parallel to the collimating light guide plate gradually decreases;
  • the orthographic projection of the first protrusion on the display panel overlaps with the orthographic projection of the second protrusion on the display panel.
  • the distribution density of the first protrusions gradually increases in a direction away from the second light source.
  • the light guide plate body and the light condensing layer are made of the same material.
  • the second light diffusion structure includes a plurality of recesses disposed on a side of the light guide plate body away from the light condensing layer, and the light condensing layer is located on a side of the light guide plate body away from the light condensing layer.
  • a plurality of convex lens parts are provided on one side, and one concave part is provided corresponding to one of the convex lens parts.
  • the orthographic projection of each recessed portion on the display panel is located within the coverage range of the orthographic projection of the corresponding convex lens portion on the display panel, and the center of the recessed portion The line coincides with the main optical axis of the convex lens part.
  • each of the concave portions is located at the focal point of the corresponding convex lens portion close to the side of the light guide plate body.
  • the refractive index of the light-gathering layer is greater than the refractive index of the light guide plate body, and the light-gathering layer is attached to a side of the light guide plate body close to the display panel. , or the light condensing layer and the light guide plate body are spaced apart.
  • the second light source is disposed on the peripheral side of the light guide plate body, so that the light emitted by the second light source enters the light guide plate body.
  • the distribution density of the recesses gradually increases in a direction away from the second light source.
  • a plurality of prism structures are provided on the side of the light condensing layer close to the light guide plate body, and the cross-sectional area of each prism structure is along the direction close to the light guide plate body. gradually decreases, and the side of the light condensing layer close to the light guide plate body is parallel to the side of the light guide plate body close to the light condensing layer.
  • the peripheral side of the light guide plate body includes a light incident side where at least one second light source is provided, and the thickness of the light guide plate body is along a direction away from the light incident side. gradually decreases, the surface of the light guide plate body on the side away from the light condensing layer is parallel to the display panel, and the surface of the light guide plate body on the side close to the light condensing layer is inclined to the display panel.
  • a surface of the light guide plate body close to the light condensing layer is parallel to the display panel, and the second light diffusion structure includes a surface disposed far away from the light guide plate body.
  • the distance from the surface to the display panel gradually decreases, and the angle between the light diffusion surface and the display panel is greater than or equal to 10° and less than or equal to 20°.
  • the second light-emitting component is disposed on a side of the first light-emitting component close to the display panel, and the backlight module further includes a component disposed between the second light-emitting component and the display panel. a diffusion sheet between the first light-emitting components;
  • the second light-emitting component is disposed on a side of the first light-emitting component away from the display panel.
  • the backlight module further includes a light-enhancing film and a reflective sheet, and the light-enhancing film is disposed on both the first light-emitting component and the second light-emitting component close to the display panel.
  • the reflective sheet is disposed on the side of the first light-emitting component and the second light-emitting component away from the display panel.
  • the number of the first light sources is greater than or equal to 1, and the number of the second light sources is less than or equal to 2.
  • a backlight module which includes:
  • a first light-emitting component includes a conventional light guide plate and at least one first light source disposed on the peripheral side of the conventional light guide plate.
  • the angle between the light emitted by the first light-emitting component and the first direction is less than or equal to the first preset angle.
  • the first direction is a direction perpendicular to the conventional light guide plate;
  • the second light-emitting component includes a collimating light guide plate disposed on one side of the conventional light guide plate and at least one second light source disposed on the peripheral side of the collimating light guide plate.
  • the light emitted by the second light-emitting component is The angle between the first direction is less than or equal to the second preset angle, and the second preset angle is less than the first preset angle;
  • the backlight module switches between a first mode and a second mode.
  • the first mode at least the first light source is turned on.
  • the second mode the first light source is turned off, and The second light source is turned on.
  • the backlight module includes a light-emitting surface
  • the conventional light guide plate is provided with a first light diffusion structure on a side away from the light-emitting surface
  • the collimating light guide plate includes a light guide plate.
  • the main body and the light-condensing layer provided on the side of the light guide plate body close to the light-emitting surface
  • the second light diffusion structure is provided on the side of the light guide plate body away from the light-condensing layer.
  • this application provides a first light-emitting component and a second light-emitting component in the backlight module, where the second light-emitting component includes a collimating light guide plate to concentrate the light emitted by the second light source. function, and the maximum light emitting angle of the second light emitting component is smaller than the maximum light emitting angle of the first light emitting component. Furthermore, in the normal display mode, at least the first light source is turned on, that is, at least the first light-emitting component is used to achieve normal display; and in the privacy-preventing display mode, the second light source is turned on and the first light source is turned off, that is, only the second light-emitting component is used. component to reduce the viewing angle range of the display device and thereby realize anti-peep display, then the present application can realize the dynamic anti-peep function without reducing the display brightness of the display device.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second light-emitting component provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the first protrusion and the second protrusion of the collimated light guide plate provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 4 is a privacy viewing angle and brightness curve of the backlight module provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is another structural schematic diagram of a second light-emitting component provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the concave part and the convex lens part of the collimating light guide plate provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 7 is another anti-peep viewing angle and brightness curve diagram of the backlight module provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is another structural schematic diagram of a second light-emitting component provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is another anti-peep viewing angle and brightness curve diagram of the backlight module provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is another structural schematic diagram of a second light-emitting component provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a tool for processing grooves provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 12 is another anti-peep viewing angle and brightness curve of the backlight module provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 13 is another structural schematic diagram of the second light-emitting component provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is another structural schematic diagram of a display device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the display device includes a display panel 20 and a backlight module 10 disposed on one side of the display panel 20 .
  • the backlight module 10 includes a first light-emitting component 11 and a second light-emitting component 12 .
  • the first light-emitting component 11 includes a conventional light guide plate 111 disposed on one side of the display panel 20 and at least one first light source 112 disposed on the peripheral side of the conventional light guide plate 111 , and the light emitted by the first light-emitting component 11 is consistent with the direction of the first light guide plate 111 in the first direction X.
  • the included angle is less than or equal to the first preset angle, and the first direction X is the direction in which the backlight module 10 points to the display panel 20 .
  • the second light-emitting component 12 includes a collimating light guide plate 121 disposed on one side of the conventional light guide plate 111 and at least one second light source 122 disposed on the peripheral side of the collimating light guide plate 121, and the light emitted by the second light-emitting component 12 is consistent with
  • the angle between the first direction X is less than or equal to the second preset angle, and the second preset angle is less than the first preset angle.
  • the display device switches between a normal display mode and a privacy-preventing display mode.
  • a normal display mode at least the first light source 112 is turned on.
  • the privacy-preventing display mode the first light source 112 is turned off and the second light source 122 is turned on.
  • the embodiment of the present application disposes the first light-emitting component 11 and the second light-emitting component 12 in the backlight module 10, wherein the second light-emitting component 12 includes a collimating light guide plate 121 to illuminate the second light source.
  • the light emitted by 122 has a gathering effect, and the maximum light emitting angle of the second light emitting component 12 is smaller than the maximum light emitting angle of the first light emitting component 11 .
  • the present application can realize the dynamic anti-peep function without reducing the display brightness of the display device.
  • the backlight module 10 is provided with a light-emitting surface
  • the display panel 20 is provided on the side of the backlight module 10 that is provided with a light-emitting surface to provide a backlight source for the display panel 20; in addition, the conventional light guide plate 111 and the collimated light guide plate 111 are provided with a light-emitting surface.
  • the light guide plate 121 is stacked on one side of the display panel 20 along the first direction
  • the collimating light guide plate 121 can diffuse the light emitted by the first light source 112, and the collimating light guide plate 121 can converge the light emitted by the second light source 122, so that the light emitted by the second light source 122 can be biased in the first direction.
  • X emits light, and when only the second light source 122 is turned on, a display effect in a small viewing angle range can be achieved, that is, a privacy-preventing display effect can be achieved.
  • the display device includes a backlight module 10 and a display panel 20, and the backlight module 10 includes a light-emitting surface, and the display panel 20 is configured
  • the backlight module 10 is provided with a light-emitting surface on one side.
  • the display panel 20 includes an array substrate 21 and a color filter substrate 22 arranged oppositely, a lower polarizer 23 disposed on the side of the array substrate 21 away from the color filter substrate 22 , and an upper polarizer 23 disposed on the side of the color filter substrate 22 away from the array substrate 21 .
  • Polarizer 24 is
  • the above array substrate 21 and color filter substrate 22 only show part of the structure and components of the display panel 20, but are not limited thereto: for example, the color filter substrate 22 includes a black matrix (BM), RGB color Resistive layer, etc., the array substrate 21 includes TFT switches, scanning lines, data lines, pixel electrodes, common electrodes, etc.
  • the display panel 20 also includes various other display components, such as an alignment film, a liquid crystal layer, a sealant, etc. between the array substrate 21 and the color filter substrate 22.
  • the backlight module 10 is disposed on the side of the display panel 20 where the lower polarizer 23 is disposed, that is, the backlight module 10 is disposed on the side of the lower polarizer 23 away from the array substrate 21 .
  • the backlight module 10 includes a first light-emitting component 11, a second light-emitting component 12 disposed on the side of the first light-emitting component 11 close to the display panel 20, and a second light-emitting component 12 disposed between the first light-emitting component 11 and the second light-emitting component 12.
  • the embodiment of the present application also includes a cover 31, a first frame 41, a second frame 42 and a third frame 43, wherein the backlight module 10 is disposed in the first frame 41, and the second frame 43.
  • the frame 42 is disposed between the first frame 41 and the display panel 20 to support the display panel 20 .
  • the cover 31 is attached to the side of the display panel 20 away from the backlight module 10 through the transparent adhesive layer 32 , and the third The frame 43 is provided on the peripheral side of the cover plate 31 to support and reinforce the cover plate 31 .
  • the first light-emitting component 11 includes a conventional light guide plate 111 disposed on the side of the lower polarizer 23 away from the array substrate 21 and at least one first light source 112 disposed on the peripheral side of the conventional light guide plate 111 , that is, in the first light-emitting component 11
  • the first light source 112 is arranged in a side-type configuration, so that the light emitted by the first light source 112 is incident from the peripheral side of the conventional light guide plate 111 .
  • a first light diffusion structure (not shown in the figure) is provided on the side of the conventional light guide plate 111 away from the display panel 20 .
  • the first light diffusion structure includes a side provided on the side of the conventional light guide plate 111 away from the display panel 20
  • the multiple dots on the dots can be prepared using laser engraving or laser technology to diffuse the light emitted by the first light source 112 into the conventional light guide plate 111, so that the first light-emitting component 11 has a light emitting effect with a large viewing angle, and The angle between the light emitted by the first light-emitting component 11 and the first direction X is less than or equal to the first preset angle.
  • the second light-emitting component 12 is disposed between the first light-emitting component 11 and the display panel 20 , and the second light-emitting component 12 includes a collimating light guide plate 121 disposed between the first light-emitting component 11 and the display panel 20 and a collimated light guide plate 121 disposed between the first light-emitting component 11 and the display panel 20 .
  • the collimating light guide plate 121 can gather the light emitted by the second light source 122, so that the light emitted by the second light source 122 can be biased in the first direction X after passing through the collimating light guide plate 121.
  • the angle between the light emitted by the second light-emitting component 12 and the first direction X is less than or equal to the second preset angle, and the second preset angle is less than the first preset angle.
  • the display device can switch between the normal display mode and the anti-peep display mode.
  • the display device When the display device is in the normal display mode, at least the first light source 112 is turned on, so that a wide viewing angle range can be achieved.
  • Display effect when the display device is in the anti-peep display mode, the second light source 122 is turned on and the first light source 112 is turned off, thereby achieving a display effect within a small viewing angle range, thereby enabling dynamic anti-peep display, and compared with related technologies Specifically, there is no need to attach a privacy film to the display device, which will not reduce the light transmittance of the display device and ensure the display brightness of the display device.
  • the second light-emitting component 12 collects the light emitted by the second light source 122 through the collimating light guide plate 121 .
  • the collimating light guide plate 121 includes a light guide plate body 1211 and a light condensing layer 1212 disposed on a side of the light guide plate body 1211 close to the display panel 20 .
  • a second light diffusion is disposed on a side of the light guide plate body 1211 away from the light condensing layer 1212 .
  • the second light diffusion structure plays a role in diffusing the light emitted by the second light source 122, so that the light emitted by the second light source 122 is scattered and incident on the light condensing layer 1212, and the light condensing layer 1212 can diffuse the incident light. It plays a gathering role, so that after the light emitted by the second light source 122 passes through the collimating light guide plate 121, the light can be biased toward the first direction X to achieve a display effect with a small viewing angle.
  • the backlight module also includes a diffusion sheet 13 disposed between the first light-emitting component 11 and the second light-emitting component 12, which can further diffuse the light emitted by the first light-emitting component 11 to improve the performance in the normal display mode.
  • the backlight module 10 also includes a light-enhancing film 14 disposed on the side of the second light-emitting component 12 close to the display panel 20 to further converge the light emitted by the second light-emitting component 12, and the reflective sheet 15 It is disposed on the side of the first light-emitting component 11 away from the display panel 20 to reflect light and improve light utilization efficiency and light intensity.
  • the second light diffusion structure includes a plurality of first protrusions 1201 disposed on the side of the light guide plate body 1211 away from the light condensing layer 1212, and the plurality of first protrusions 1201 on the side of the light condensing layer 1212 away from the light guide plate body 1211.
  • a second protrusion 1202, and a first protrusion 1201 and a second protrusion 1202 are arranged correspondingly.
  • the light emitted by the second light source 122 passes through the inner wall of the first protrusion 1201 and reaches the second protrusion 1202 after diffuse reflection.
  • the second protrusion 1202 is equivalent to a convex lens structure and can concentrate the incident light. , so that it is biased in the first direction X to emit light.
  • the orthographic projection of the first protrusion 1201 on the display panel 20 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding second protrusion 1202 on the display panel 20 .
  • the cross-sectional shape of the first protrusion 1201 is an inverted trapezoid
  • the cross-sectional shape of the second protrusion 1202 is an arc shape, that is, the first protrusion 1201 can be protruding from the light guide plate body 1211 in a truncated cone shape away from the light concentrator.
  • the second protrusion 1202 may be in a hemispherical shape and protrude from the surface of the light condensing layer 1212 away from the light guide plate body 1211 .
  • the light guide plate body 1211 and the light condensing layer 1212 are made of the same material and are integrally formed.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of a first protrusion 1201 and a corresponding second protrusion 1202 , wherein the half-width L1 of the end of the first protrusion 1201 away from the second protrusion 1202 is greater than Or equal to 5 microns, and less than or equal to 10 microns, and the arc width L2 of the arc profile of the second protrusion 1202 relative to the center of the first protrusion 1201 away from the light condensing layer 1212 is greater than or equal to 22 microns, and less than or equal to 47 microns.
  • the angle a between the inverted trapezoidal waist of the first protrusion 1201 and the first direction The size of the first protrusion 1201 and the second protrusion 1202 is selected and is not limited here.
  • the thickness of the collimating light guide plate 121 is set to 0.1 mm.
  • the material of the collimating light guide plate 121 may include polymethyl methacrylate (Polymethyl methacrylate). methacrylate (PMMA), the refractive index of the collimating light guide plate 121 is 1.49, the included angle a is 33°, and the distance between adjacent first protrusions 1201 or adjacent second protrusions 1202 is 0.092 mm, half width L1 is 8 microns, and arc width L2 is 38 microns.
  • the angle b between the incident light OA on the side wall of the first protrusion 1201 and the first direction is greater than or equal to -24° and less than or equal to 24°.
  • the ratio of the smooth surface that is, the inverted trapezoidal inner wall of the first protrusion 1201) is greater than 5, which can effectively obtain a larger light-emitting area and improve the light-emitting effect and light-emitting uniformity.
  • the abscissa represents the viewing angle, and the ordinate represents the ratio of the brightness at other viewing angles to the brightness at the front viewing angle.
  • Curve A represents the vertical viewing angle of the existing anti-peep backlight module. and brightness curves
  • curve B represents the horizontal viewing angle and brightness curve of the existing privacy-preventing backlight module
  • curve C represents the vertical viewing angle and brightness curve of the backlight module provided by the embodiment of the present application
  • curve D represents the backlight provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Horizontal viewing angle and brightness curve of the module As can be seen from Figure 4, the existing anti-privacy backlight module coupled with the anti-privacy film results in its horizontal and vertical brightness not exceeding 1% even at direct viewing angles.
  • the backlight module provided in the embodiment of the present application has a viewing angle of less than 1%. Within plus or minus 20°, the brightness will increase sharply, which can achieve an anti-peeping effect at a small viewing angle, and the brightness is greatly improved compared to the existing anti-peeping backlight module. That is, the display device provided by the embodiment of the present application is On the premise of ensuring brightness, a good anti-peep effect can be achieved, and a dynamic anti-peep effect can be achieved, switching between regular display mode and anti-peep display mode.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the first protrusion 1201 and the second protrusion 1202 along the first direction The influence of the light in 12 is also very small, that is, it does not affect the large viewing angle display effect when the first light-emitting component 11 is working; in addition, the light angle can also be compensated by using the conventional light guide plate 111, such as increasing the first light diffusion.
  • the depth of each node in the structure is also very small, that is, it does not affect the large viewing angle display effect when the first light-emitting component 11 is working; in addition, the light angle can also be compensated by using the conventional light guide plate 111, such as increasing the first light diffusion.
  • the number of the first light sources 112 can be greater than or equal to 1. As the number increases, the light output brightness of the backlight module 10 can be increased, while the number of the second light sources 122 can be less than or equal to 2. , if the sum of the second light sources 122 is too large, the intensity of the light injected into the collimated light guide plate 121 by the second light sources 122 will be increased, thereby reducing the anti-peep effect.
  • the distribution density of the first protrusions 1201 gradually increases, for example, the number increases, that is, in the area away from the second light source 122, the amount of light will become smaller. , and further increase the distribution density of the first protrusions 1201 to improve the reflection effect and improve the light emission uniformity of the backlight module 10 .
  • the embodiment of the present application realizes the regular display mode with a large viewing angle by turning on at least the first light source 112, and realizes the anti-peep display mode with a small viewing angle by turning on the second light source 122 and turning off the first light source 112.
  • the dynamic anti-peep function can be realized without reducing the display brightness of the display device.
  • FIG. 1 please refer to FIG. 1 , FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 .
  • the difference between this embodiment and the previous embodiment lies in the structure of the second light-emitting component 12 .
  • the second light-emitting component 12 includes a collimating light guide plate 121 and at least one second light source 122 disposed on the peripheral side of the collimating light guide plate 121, wherein the collimating light guide plate 121 includes a light guide plate body 1211 and a guide plate 1211.
  • the light plate body 1211 is close to the light condensing layer 1212 on one side of the display panel 20.
  • the light concentrating layer 1212 and the light guide plate body 1211 are arranged separately, that is, the material of the light guide plate body 1211 is different from that of the light condensing layer 1212.
  • the light guide plate body 1211 can be bonded to the light condensing layer 1212 through an adhesive layer, or the light guide plate body 1211 and the light condensing layer 1212 can be spaced apart to form a slit, and the slit can be filled with air, and then the light guide plate body 1211 and the light condensing layer 1212 can be spaced apart.
  • a cross section capable of total reflection is formed between the light guide plate body 1211 and the light condensing layer 1212 to improve light utilization.
  • the glue layer can be low refractive index glue, such as NOA 1315 glue.
  • the refractive index of the light condensing layer 1212 is greater than the refractive index of the light guide plate body 1211, and the second light source 122 is disposed on the peripheral side of the light guide plate body 1211, so that light only enters the light guide plate body 1211.
  • a second light diffusion structure is provided on the side of the light guide plate body 1211 away from the light gathering layer 1212, and the second light diffusion structure includes a plurality of recesses 1203 provided on the side of the light guide plate body 1211 away from the light gathering layer 1212, and A plurality of convex lens portions 1204 are provided on the side of the light condensing layer 1212 away from the light guide plate body 1211, wherein a concave portion 1203 is provided corresponding to a convex lens portion 1204.
  • each concave portion 1203 on the display panel 20 is located within the coverage range of the orthographic projection of the corresponding convex lens portion 1204 on the display panel 20, and the center line of the concave portion 1203 coincides with the main optical axis of the convex lens portion 1204, Furthermore, each concave portion 1203 is located at the focus of the corresponding convex lens portion 1204 on the side close to the light guide plate body 1211, and the light diffusely reflected by the concave portion 1203 can be regarded as the light emitted from the focus of the convex lens portion 1204.
  • the light emitted parallel to the main optical axis of the convex lens portion 1204 can be formed, that is, the light parallel to the first direction X can be obtained to achieve anti-peep display with a small viewing angle.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the convex lens part 1204 may be an isosceles triangle and may be an arc shape.
  • the thickness of the light guide plate body 1211 is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 0.8 mm
  • the thickness of the light condensing layer 1212 is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 0.8 mm
  • the recess 1203 is in the shape of a triangle with a side length greater than or equal to 200 microns and less than or equal to 300 microns
  • the arc-shaped radius of the convex lens portion 1204 is greater than or equal to 500 microns and less than or equal to 700 microns.
  • the thickness of the light guide plate body 1211 and the light condensing layer 1212 is set to 0.5 mm
  • the side length of the concave portion 1203 is 150 microns
  • the radius of the convex lens portion 1204 is 600 microns.
  • the brightness of the backlight module 10 provided by the embodiment of the present application will increase sharply within the viewing angle range of plus or minus 20°, while the brightness in the large viewing angle range other than plus or minus 20° will be extremely low; further, in the viewing angle range of plus or minus 20°, the brightness will be extremely low.
  • the brightness can basically reach more than 0.2, and the half-maximum brightness of the curve can reach 0.5, and the viewing angle range is 15°, which means that the backlight module 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application is in the front viewing direction. It has a high-brightness display effect and extremely low brightness within a wide viewing angle range, thereby achieving an effective anti-peep display effect.
  • the distribution density of the second recesses 1203 gradually increases, for example, the number increases, that is, in the area away from the second light source 122, the amount of light will change.
  • the reflection effect is improved and the light output uniformity of the backlight module 10 is improved.
  • the embodiment of the present application realizes the regular display mode with a large viewing angle by turning on at least the first light source 112, and realizes the anti-peep display mode with a small viewing angle by turning on the second light source 122 and turning off the first light source 112.
  • the dynamic anti-peep function can be realized without reducing the display brightness of the display device.
  • FIG. 8 Please refer to FIG. 8 .
  • the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the structure of the second light-emitting component 12 is different.
  • the second light-emitting component 12 includes a collimating light guide plate 121 disposed between the first light-emitting component 11 and the display panel 20 and a second light source 122 disposed around the collimating light guide plate 121.
  • the collimating light guide plate 121 includes a light guide plate body 1211 and a light condensing layer 1212 disposed on the side of the light guide plate body 1211 close to the display panel 20. In this embodiment, the light condensing layer 1212 and the light guide plate body 1211 are separated.
  • a second light diffusion structure is provided on the side of the light guide plate body 1211 away from the light condensing layer 1212, and the second light diffusion structure includes diffusion dots provided on the side of the light guide plate body 1211 away from the light condensing layer 1212, and the light condensation structure
  • a plurality of prism structures 1205 are provided on the side of the layer 1212 close to the light guide plate body 1211, and the cross-sectional area of each prism structure 1205 gradually decreases in the direction approaching the light guide plate body 1211.
  • the second light source 122 is disposed on the peripheral side of the light guide plate body 1211, and the side of the light guide plate body 1211 with the second light source 122 is set as the light incident side, and the thickness of the light guide plate body 1211 is away from the second light source. 122 , the side of the light guide plate body 1211 away from the light condensing layer 1212 is parallel to the display panel 20 , and the side of the light guide plate body 1211 close to the light condensing layer 1212 is inclined to the display panel 20 .
  • the side of the light condensing layer 1212 close to the light guide plate body 1211 is parallel to the side of the light guide plate body 1211 close to the light condensing layer 1212 , that is, the light condensing layer 1212 is also inclined to the display panel 20 .
  • the thickness of the light-incident side of the light guide plate body 1211 is set to 2 mm, and the thickness of the end far away from the light-incident side is set to 1 mm.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the prism structure 1205 is triangular, and the base angle of the triangle is 68°. , through optical simulation, the curve of viewing angle and brightness as shown in Figure 9 is obtained.
  • the abscissa represents the viewing angle
  • the ordinate represents the brightness
  • the curve E represents the curve of the horizontal viewing angle and brightness
  • the curve F represents the curve of the vertical viewing angle and brightness.
  • the application The backlight module 10 provided in the embodiment has high brightness, but in a large viewing angle range beyond plus or minus 40°, the brightness will be significantly reduced, and the half-peak width of the curve F is between -5° and 30°. It can reach about 13000nits, which can achieve effective anti-peep display effect.
  • the embodiment of the present application realizes the regular display mode with a large viewing angle by turning on at least the first light source 112, and realizes the anti-peep display mode with a small viewing angle by turning on the second light source 122 and turning off the first light source 112.
  • the dynamic anti-peep function can be realized without reducing the display brightness of the display device.
  • FIG. 1 please refer to FIG. 1 , FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 .
  • the difference between this embodiment and the previous embodiment lies in the different structures of the light guide plate body 1211 and the light condensing layer 1212 .
  • the thickness of the light guide plate body 1211 is uniform, the light guide plate body 1211 is parallel to the display panel 20 , and the light condensing layer 1212 is parallel to the light guide plate body 1211 .
  • a second light diffusion structure is provided on the side of the light guide plate body 1211 away from the light gathering layer 1212.
  • the second light diffusion structure includes a plurality of grooves 1206 provided on the side of the light guide plate body 1211 away from the light gathering layer 1212.
  • a plurality of prism structures 1205 are provided on the side of the layer 1212 close to the light guide plate body 1211, and the cross-sectional area of the prism structures 1205 gradually decreases in the direction from the light condensing layer 1212 to the light guide plate body 1211.
  • each groove 1206 includes a light diffusion surface on a side close to the second light source 122, wherein the distance from the light diffusion surface to the display panel 20 gradually decreases in the direction away from the second light source 122, and the light diffusion
  • the angle d between the surface and the display panel 20 is greater than or equal to 10° and less than or equal to 20°, and the cross-sectional shape of the groove 1206 may be a combination of a triangle and a rectangle, as shown in FIG. 10 .
  • the depth of the groove 1206 is greater than or equal to 2 microns and less than or equal to 5 microns.
  • the angle d between the light diffusion surface of the groove 1206 and the display panel 20 is set to 16.13°, and the depth of the groove 1206 is 3.4 microns.
  • the groove 1206 can be processed by a machine tool 50 , and the cross-sectional shape of the tool 50 can be triangular, where the tool 50 contacts the groove 1206 on one side.
  • the angle g may be 102°, in addition, the angle h may be 3°, and the angle f may be 75°, and the tool size and the processing method of the groove 1206 in the embodiment of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • the viewing angle and brightness curve shown in Figure 12 is obtained, in which the abscissa represents the viewing angle, and the ordinate represents the brightness.
  • the backlight module 10 within the viewing angle range of plus or minus 30°, the backlight module 10 The brightness will increase sharply, and within a large viewing angle range beyond plus or minus 30°, the brightness of the backlight module 10 will decrease and be lower than 1000cd/m 2 , which indicates that the backlight module 10 provided by the embodiment of the present application can be used effectively. Privacy protection effect.
  • each groove 1206 includes a light diffusion surface close to the side of the second light source 122 , wherein in the direction away from the second light source 122 , the light diffusion surface reaches The distance between the display panel 20 gradually decreases, and the angle e between the light diffusion surface and the display panel 20 is greater than or equal to 10° and less than or equal to 20°, and the cross-sectional shape of the groove 1206 may be triangular.
  • the embodiment of the present application realizes the regular display mode with a large viewing angle by turning on at least the first light source 112, and realizes the anti-peep display mode with a small viewing angle by turning on the second light source 122 and turning off the first light source 112.
  • the dynamic anti-peep function can be realized without reducing the display brightness of the display device.
  • FIG. 2 and FIG. 14 please refer to FIG. 2 and FIG. 14 .
  • the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment lies in the structure of the backlight module 10 .
  • the second light-emitting component 12 is disposed on one side of the display panel 20
  • the first light-emitting component 11 is disposed between the second light-emitting component 12 and the display panel 20 .
  • the backlight module 10 further includes a reflective sheet 15 disposed on the side of the second light-emitting component 12 away from the display panel 20 , and a light-enhancing film 14 disposed between the first light-emitting component 11 and the display panel 20 . That is to say, compared with the first embodiment, this embodiment reduces the use of diffusion sheets, because in this embodiment the second light-emitting component 12 is disposed on the side of the first light-emitting component 11 away from the display panel 20.
  • the diffusion sheet provided between the second light-emitting component 12 and the first light-emitting component 11 will affect the light emitting effect of the second light-emitting component 12. Therefore, in this embodiment, there is no need to provide a diffusion sheet between the second light-emitting component 12 and the first light-emitting component 11. piece.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a backlight module. Please refer to FIG. 1 or FIG. 14 .
  • the backlight module 10 includes a first light-emitting component 11 and a second light-emitting component 12 .
  • the first light-emitting component 11 includes a conventional light guide plate 111 and at least one first light source 112 disposed around the conventional light guide plate 111, and the angle between the light emitted by the first light-emitting component 11 and the first direction X is less than or equal to the first predetermined angle. Assuming an angle, the first direction X is a direction perpendicular to the conventional light guide plate 111 .
  • the second light-emitting component 12 includes a collimating light guide plate 121 disposed on one side of the conventional light guide plate 111 and at least one second light source 122 disposed on the peripheral side of the collimating light guide plate 121, and the light emitted by the second light-emitting component 12 is consistent with
  • the angle between the first direction X is less than or equal to the second preset angle, and the second preset angle is less than the first preset angle.
  • the display device switches between a first mode and a second mode.
  • the first mode at least the first light source 112 is turned on.
  • the second mode the first light source 112 is turned off and the second light source 122 is turned on.
  • the backlight module includes a light-emitting surface.
  • a first light diffusion structure is provided on the side of the conventional light guide plate 111 away from the light-emitting surface.
  • the collimated light guide plate 121 includes a light guide plate body 1211 and a light guide plate disposed on the side of the light guide plate body 1211 close to the light-emitting surface.
  • the light-gathering layer 1212 and the light guide plate body 1211 are provided with a second light diffusion structure on the side away from the light-gathering layer 1212.
  • the light-gathering layer 1212 is used to gather the light emitted by the second light source 122.
  • the first mode corresponds to the normal display mode of the display device
  • the second mode corresponds to the privacy-preventing display mode of the display device.
  • other structures and arrangements of the collimating light guide plate 121 can be arranged with reference to those described in the above embodiments, and will not be described again here.
  • the embodiment of the present application disposes the first light-emitting component 11 and the second light-emitting component 12 in the backlight module 10, wherein the second light-emitting component 12 includes a collimating light guide plate 121 to control the light emitted by the second light source 122.
  • the light has a gathering effect, and the maximum light emitting angle of the second light emitting component 12 is smaller than the maximum light emitting angle of the first light emitting component 11 .
  • the present application can realize the dynamic anti-peep function without reducing the display brightness of the display device.

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Abstract

一种背光模组(10)及显示装置。背光模组(10)包括第一发光组件(11)和第二发光组件(12)；第一发光组件(11)包括常规导光板(111)，其发出的光线与第一方向(X)的夹角小于或等于第一预设角度，第一方向(X)垂直于第一发光组件(11)；第二发光组件(12)包括准直式导光板(121)，其发出的光线与第一方向(X)的夹角小于或等于第二预设角度，第二预设角度小于第一预设角度。

Description

背光模组及显示装置 技术领域
本申请涉及显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种背光模组及具有该背光模组的显示装置。
 背景技术
显示器用在人们日常生活的各个方面，不同的应用场合对显示器视角的需求也不同。例如，当用户处于有保密需求的开放式环境内时，例如输入取款密码，乘坐公共交通观看私人信息或商务谈判时，需要显示器有较窄的视角，达到防窥目的，以保护个人隐私。当用户处在有分享需求的环境内时，例如同他人一起观看显示设备时，则需要有较宽的视角，以达到分享的目的。
目前，常通过在显示器上在增加防窥膜，例如微型百叶窗结构，可以减少屏幕的可视角度，以实现显示器的防窥功能。
但是，防窥膜通常贴附在显示器的盖板上，而防窥膜的光透过率较小，进而导致屏幕的显示亮度降低，若想要维持未加防窥膜之前的显示亮度，则需要提高输入功率，导致功耗提高，且无法实现动态防窥效果。
 技术问题
本申请实施例提供一种背光模组及显示装置，能够在不降低显示装置的显示亮度的前提下，实现动态防窥功能。
 技术解决方案
本申请实施例提供一种显示装置，所述显示装置包括显示面板以及设置于所述显示面板一侧的背光模组；
所述背光模组包括：
第一发光组件，包括设置于所述显示面板一侧的常规导光板以及设置于所述常规导光板周侧的至少一第一光源，所述第一发光组件发出的光线与第一方向的夹角小于或等于第一预设角度，且所述第一方向为所述背光模组指向所述显示面板的方向；
第二发光组件，包括设置于所述常规导光板一侧的准直式导光板以及设置于所述准直式导光板周侧的至少一第二光源，所述第二发光组件发出的光线与所述第一方向的夹角小于或等于第二预设角度，且所述第二预设角度小于所述第一预设角度；
其中，所述显示装置在常规显示模式与防窥显示模式之间进行切换，所述常规显示模式下，至少所述第一光源开启，所述防窥显示模式下，所述第一光源关闭，且所述第二光源开启。
在本申请的一种实施例中，所述常规导光板远离所述显示面板的一侧设置有第一光扩散结构，所述准直式导光板包括导光板本体以及设置于所述导光板本体靠近所述显示面板一侧的聚光层，所述导光板本体远离所述聚光层的一侧设置有第二光扩散结构。
在本申请的一种实施例中，所述第二光扩散结构包括设置于所述导光板本体远离所述聚光层一侧的多个第一凸起，所述聚光层远离所述到导光板本体的一侧设置有多个第二凸起，一所述第一凸起与一所述第二凸起对应设置。
在本申请的一种实施例中，在沿所述第一凸起指向对应的所述第二凸起的方向上，所述第一凸起沿平行于所述准直式导光板方向上截得的面积逐渐增大，所述第二凸起沿平行于所述准直式导光板方向上截得的面积逐渐减小；
其中，所述第一凸起在所述显示面板上的正投影与所述第二凸起在所述显示面板上的正投影重叠。
在本申请的一种实施例中，所述第一凸起的分布密度沿远离所述第二光源的方向上逐渐增大。
在本申请的一种实施例中，所述导光板本体与所述聚光层的材料相同。
在本申请的一种实施例中，所述第二光扩散结构包括设置于所述导光板本体远离所述聚光层一侧的多个凹部，所述聚光层远离所述导光板本体的一侧设置有多个凸透镜部，且一所述凹部与一所述凸透镜部对应设置。
在本申请的一种实施例中，各所述凹部在所述显示面板上的正投影位于对应的所述凸透镜部在所述显示面板上的正投影的覆盖范围以内，且所述凹部的中心线与所述凸透镜部的主光轴相重合。
在本申请的一种实施例中，各所述凹部位于对应的所述凸透镜部靠近所述导光板本体一侧的焦点上。
在本申请的一种实施例中，所述聚光层的折射率大于所述导光板本体的折射率，且所述聚光层贴附于所述导光板本体靠近所述显示面板的一侧，或所述聚光层与所述导光板本体之间相间隔设置。
在本申请的一种实施例中，所述第二光源设置于所述导光板本体的周侧，以使所述第二光源发出的光线进入所述导光板本体内。
在本申请的一种实施例中，所述凹部的分布密度沿远离所述第二光源的方向上逐渐增大。
在本申请的一种实施例中，所述聚光层靠近所述导光板本体的一侧设置有多个棱镜结构，且各所述棱镜结构的截面积沿靠近所述导光板本体的方向上逐渐减小，且所述聚光层靠近所述导光板本体的一侧与所述导光板本体靠近所述聚光层的一侧相平行。
在本申请的一种实施例中，所述导光板本体的周侧包括设置有至少一所述第二光源的入光侧，且所述导光板本体的厚度沿远离所述入光侧的方向上逐渐减小，所述导光板本体远离所述聚光层一侧的表面平行于所述显示面板，所述导光板本体靠近所述聚光层一侧的表面倾斜于所述显示面板设置。
在本申请的一种实施例中，所述导光板本体靠近所述聚光层一侧的表面与所述显示面板相平行，且所述第二光扩散结构包括设置于所述导光板本体远离所述聚光层一侧的多个凹槽，各所述凹槽包括靠近所述第二光源一侧的光扩散面，其中，在沿远离所述第二光源的方向上，所述光扩散面到所述显示面板的距离逐渐减小，且所述光扩散面与所述显示面板之间的夹角大于或等于10°，且小于或等于20°。
在本申请的一种实施例中，所述第二发光组件设置于所述第一发光组件靠近所述显示面板的一侧，且所述背光模组还包括设置于所述第二发光组件与所述第一发光组件之间的扩散片；
或者，所述第二发光组件设置于所述第一发光组件远离所述显示面板的一侧。
在本申请的一种实施例中，所述背光模组还包括增光膜以及反射片，且所述增光膜设置于所述第一发光组件以及所述第二发光组件皆靠近所述显示面板的一侧，所述反射片设置于所述第一发光组件以及所述第二发光组件皆远离所述显示面板的一侧。
在本申请的一种实施例中，所述第一光源的数量大于或等于1，所述第二光源的数量小于或等于2。
根据本申请的上述目的，提供一种背光模组，所述背光模组包括：
第一发光组件，包括常规导光板以及设置于所述常规导光板周侧的至少一第一光源，所述第一发光组件发出的光线与第一方向的夹角小于或等于第一预设角度，且所述第一方向为垂直于所述常规导光板的方向；
第二发光组件，包括设置于所述常规导光板一侧的准直式导光板以及设置于所述准直式导光板周侧的至少一第二光源，所述第二发光组件发出的光线与所述第一方向的夹角小于或等于第二预设角度，且所述第二预设角度小于所述第一预设角度；
其中，所述背光模组在第一模式与第二模式之间进行切换，所述第一模式下，至少所述第一光源开启，所述第二模式下，所述第一光源关闭，且所述第二光源开启。
在本申请的一种实施例中，所述背光模组包括发光面，所述常规导光板远离所述发光面的一侧设置有第一光扩散结构，所述准直式导光板包括导光板本体以及设置于所述导光板本体靠近所述发光面一侧的聚光层，所述导光板本体远离所述聚光层的一侧设置有第二光扩散结构。
 有益效果
相较于现有技术，本申请通过在背光模组中设置第一发光组件以及第二发光组件，其中，第二发光组件包括准直式导光板，以对第二光源发出的光线起到聚拢作用，且第二发光组件的最大出光角度小于第一发光组件的最大出光角度。进而在常规显示模式时，至少开启第一光源，即至少使用第一发光组件，以实现常规显示；而在防窥显示模式时，开启第二光源且关闭第一光源，即仅使用第二发光组件，以减小显示装置的视角范围，进而实现防窥显示，则本申请能够在不降低显示装置的显示亮度的前提下，实现动态防窥功能。
 附图说明
下面结合附图，通过对本申请的具体实施方式详细描述，将使本申请的技术方案及其它有益效果显而易见。
图1为本申请实施例提供的显示装置的一种结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的第二发光组件的一种结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的准直式导光板的第一凸起与第二凸起的结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的背光模组的一种防窥视角和亮度曲线图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的第二发光组件的另一种结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的准直式导光板的凹部和凸透镜部的结构示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的背光模组的另一种防窥视角和亮度曲线图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的第二发光组件的另一种结构示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的背光模组的另一种防窥视角和亮度曲线图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的第二发光组件的另一种结构示意图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的凹槽的一种加工刀具结构示意图。
图12为本申请实施例提供的背光模组的另一种防窥视角和亮度曲线图；
图13为本申请实施例提供的第二发光组件的另一种结构示意图；
图14为本申请实施例提供的显示装置的另一种结构示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
下文的公开提供了许多不同的实施方式或例子用来实现本申请的不同结构。为了简化本申请的公开，下文中对特定例子的部件和设置进行描述。当然，它们仅仅为示例，并且目的不在于限制本申请。此外，本申请可以在不同例子中重复参考数字和/或参考字母，这种重复是为了简化和清楚的目的，其本身不指示所讨论各种实施方式和/或设置之间的关系。此外，本申请提供了的各种特定的工艺和材料的例子，但是本领域普通技术人员可以意识到其他工艺的应用和/或其他材料的使用。
本申请实施例提供一种显示装置，请参照图1，该显示装置包括显示面板20以及设置于显示面板20一侧的背光模组10。
进一步地，该背光模组10包括第一发光组件11以及第二发光组件12。
第一发光组件11包括设置于显示面板20一侧的常规导光板111以及设置于常规导光板111周侧的至少一第一光源112，且第一发光组件11发出的光线与第一方向X的夹角小于或等于第一预设角度，第一方向X为背光模组10指向显示面板20的方向。
第二发光组件12包括设置于常规导光板111一侧的准直式导光板121以及设置于准直式导光板121周侧的至少一第二光源122，且第二发光组件12发出的光线与第一方向X的夹角小于或等于第二预设角度，第二预设角度小于第一预设角度。
其中，显示装置在常规显示模式与防窥显示模式之间进行切换，常规显示模式下，至少第一光源112开启，防窥显示模式下，第一光源112关闭，且第二光源122开启。
在实施应用过程中，本申请实施例通过在背光模组10中设置第一发光组件11以及第二发光组件12，其中，第二发光组件12包括准直式导光板121，以对第二光源122发出的光线起到聚拢作用，且第二发光组件12的最大出光角度小于第一发光组件11的最大出光角度。进而在常规显示模式时，至少开启第一光源112，即至少使用第一发光组件11，以实现常规显示；而在防窥显示模式时，开启第二光源122且关闭第一光源112，即仅使用第二发光组件12，以减小显示装置的视角范围，进而实现防窥显示，则本申请能够在不降低显示装置的显示亮度的前提下，实现动态防窥功能。
需要说明的是，背光模组10设有发光面，且显示面板20设置于背光模组10设有发光面的一侧，以为显示面板20提供背光源；此外，常规导光板111以及准直式导光板121沿第一方向X呈叠层设置于显示面板20的一侧；进一步地，本申请实施例提供的常规导光板111可与现有的导光板相同，即下表面设置有网点结构，以对第一光源112发出的光线起到扩散作用，而准直式导光板121可以对第二光源122发出的光线起到聚拢作用，以使得第二光源122发出的光线可以偏向于第一方向X进行出光，进而当仅开启第二光源122时，可以实现小视角范围的显示效果，即可以起到防窥显示的效果。
具体地，请参照图1、图2以及图3，在本申请的一种实施例中，显示装置包括背光模组10以及显示面板20，且背光模组10包括发光面，而显示面板20设置于背光模组10设有发光面的一侧。
其中，显示面板20包括相对设置的阵列基板21和彩膜基板22、设置于阵列基板21远离彩膜基板22一侧的下偏光片23以及设置于彩膜基板22远离阵列基板21一侧的上偏光片24。
可以理解的是，如上的阵列基板21和彩膜基板22仅分别示出了显示面板20的部分结构、构件，但并不限于此：例如彩膜基板22包含了黑色矩阵(BM)、RGB色阻层等，阵列基板21包含了TFT开关、扫描线、数据线、像素电极、公共电极等。显示面板20还包含了各个其他显示部件，例如阵列基板21和彩膜基板22之间有配向膜、液晶层、框胶等，这些细节都可以参照现有技术实现，在此不再赘述。
背光模组10设置于显示面板20设有下偏光片23的一侧，即背光模组10设置于下偏光片23远离阵列基板21的一侧。
进一步地，背光模组10包括第一发光组件11、设置于第一发光组件11靠近显示面板20一侧的第二发光组件12、设置于第一发光组件11与第二发光组件12之间的扩散片13、设置于第二发光组件12靠近显示面板20一侧的增光膜14、以及设置于第一发光组件11远离显示面板20一侧的反射片15。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例还包括盖板31、第一框体41、第二框体42以及第三框体43，其中，背光模组10设置于第一框体41中，第二框体42设置于第一框体41与显示面板20之间，用于支撑显示面板20，盖板31通过透明胶层32贴附于显示面板20远离背光模组10的一侧，且第三框体43设置于盖板31的周侧，以支撑和加固盖板31。
其中，第一发光组件11包括设置于下偏光片23远离阵列基板21一侧的常规导光板111以及设置于常规导光板111周侧的至少一第一光源112，即在第一发光组件11中第一光源112为侧入式设置，使得第一光源112发出的光线由常规导光板111的周侧射入。此外，常规导光板111远离显示面板20的一侧设置有第一光扩散结构（图中并未示出），具体地，第一光扩散结构包括设置于常规导光板111远离显示面板20的一面上的多个网点，可采用激光雕刻或镭射技术进行制备，以对第一光源112射入常规导光板111内的光线起到扩散作用，使得第一发光组件11具备大视角的出光效果，且第一发光组件11发出的光线与第一方向X之间的夹角小于或等于第一预设角度。
第二发光组件12设置于第一发光组件11与显示面板20之间，且第二发光组件12包括设置于第一发光组件11与显示面板20之间的准直式导光板121以及设置于准直式导光板121周侧的至少一第二光源122。其中，准直式导光板121可对第二光源122发出的光线起到聚拢作用，以使得第二光源122发出的光线，在经过准直式导光板121之后，可以偏向于第一方向X进行出光，进而实现小视角的显示效果，进而可以实现防窥显示。具体地，第二发光组件12发出的光线与第一方向X之间的夹角小于或等于第二预设角度，且第二预设角度小于第一预设角度。
在本申请实施例中，显示装置可在常规显示模式与防窥显示模式之间进行切换，其中，当显示装置处于常规显示模式下时，至少开启第一光源112，即可实现大视角范围的显示效果，当显示装置处于防窥显示模式下时，则开启第二光源122并关闭第一光源112，即可实现小视角范围的显示效果，进而可以实现动态防窥显示，且相对于相关技术而言，不需要在显示装置中贴附防窥膜，进而不会降低显示装置的光透过率，保证了显示装置的显示亮度。
具体地，请继续参照图1、图2以及图3，第二发光组件12通过准直式导光板121对第二光源122发出的光线起到聚拢作用。其中，准直式导光板121包括导光板本体1211以及设置于导光板本体1211靠近显示面板20一侧的聚光层1212，导光板本体1211远离聚光层1212的一侧设置有第二光扩散结构，且第二光扩散结构对第二光源122发出的光线起到扩散作用，使得第二光源122发出的光线呈散射状射入聚光层1212，且聚光层1212可对射入的光线起到聚拢作用，以使得第二光源122发出的光线通过准直式导光板121之后，可以偏向于第一方向X进行出光，以实现小视角的显示效果。
进一步地，背光模组还包括设置于第一发光组件11与第二发光组件12之间的扩散片13，进而可以对第一发光组件11发出的光线进行进一步扩散，以提高常规显示模式下的大视角显示效果；背光模组10还包括设置于第二发光组件12靠近显示面板20一侧的增光膜14，以进一步对第二发光组件12发出的光线起到收敛的效果，而反射片15设置于第一发光组件11远离显示面板20的一侧，以对光线起到反射作用，提高光线利用率和出光强度。
在本实施例中，第二光扩散结构包括设置于导光板本体1211远离聚光层1212一侧的多个第一凸起1201，而聚光层1212远离导光板本体1211的一侧设置有多个第二凸起1202，且一第一凸起1201与一第二凸起1202对应设置。由第二光源122发出的光线经过第一凸起1201的内壁，经过扩散反射后到达第二凸起1202处，且第二凸起1202相当于凸透镜结构，可对射入的光线聚到聚拢作用，以使其偏向于第一方向X进行出光。
其中，在沿第一凸起1201指向第二凸起1202的方向上，即沿第一方向X上，第一凸起1201沿平行于准直式导光板121方向上截得的面积逐渐增大，而第二凸起1202沿平行于准直式导光板121方向上截得的面积逐渐减小。
进一步地，第一凸起1201在显示面板20上的正投影与对应的第二凸起1202在显示面板20上的正投影相重叠。
可选的，第一凸起1201的截面形状呈倒梯形，而第二凸起1202的截面形状呈圆弧形，即第一凸起1201可呈圆台状凸出于导光板本体1211远离聚光层1212一侧的表面，而第二凸起1202可呈半球状凸出于聚光层1212远离导光板本体1211一侧的表面。
其中，导光板本体1211与聚光层1212的材料相同，且为一体成型设置。
具体请参照图3，为一第一凸起1201与对应的一第二凸起1202的放大结构示意图，其中，第一凸起1201远离第二凸起1202一侧的端部的半宽L1大于或等于5微米，且小于或等于10微米，而第二凸起1202的弧形轮廓相对于第一凸起1201远离聚光层1212一侧的中心的弧宽L2大于或等于22微米，且小于或等于47微米，第一凸起1201的倒梯形的腰与第一方向X之间的夹角a大于或等于30°，且小于或等于35°，且在实施应用过程中，可根据实际需求对第一凸起1201以及第二凸起1202的尺寸进行选择，在此不作限定。
在本实施例中，设定准直式导光板121的厚度为0.1毫米，准直式导光板121的材料可包括聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（Polymethyl methacrylate，PMMA），准直式导光板121的折射率为1.49，夹角a为33°，而相邻第一凸起1201或相邻第二凸起1202之间的距离为0.092毫米，半宽L1为8微米，弧宽L2为38微米。
此时，可经过测试得到第一凸起1201的侧壁上入射光OA与第一方向X之间的夹角b大于或等于42.5°，且小于或等于90°，而反射光OB与第一方向X之间的夹角c大于或等于-24°，且小于或等于24°，第二凸起1202的出光面（即第二凸起1202的弧形内壁）与第一凸起1201的入光面（即第一凸起1201的倒梯形内壁）的比值大于5，可有效得到较大的出光面积，提高出光效果和出光均一性。
经过光学仿真模拟可得如图4所示结果，其中，横坐标表示视角，纵坐标表示其他视角下的亮度与正视角度下的亮度的比值；曲线A表示现有防窥背光模组的垂直视角与亮度曲线，曲线B表示现有防窥背光模组的水平视角与亮度曲线，曲线C表示本申请实施例提供的背光模组的垂直视角和亮度曲线，曲线D表示本申请实施例提供的背光模组的水平视角和亮度曲线。由图4可知，现有的防窥背光模组加上防窥膜，导致其水平和垂直方向即使在正视角度下，亮度也不超过1%，而本申请实施例提供的背光模组，视角在正负20°以内，亮度将急剧增加，可实现小视角的防窥效果，且亮度相较于现有的防窥背光模组具有极大的提升，即本申请实施例提供的显示装置在保证亮度的前提下，可以实现良好的防窥效果，且可实现动态防窥效果，在常规显示模式和防窥显示模式下进行切换。
需要说明的是，在本申请实施例中，第一凸起1201以及第二凸起1202在沿第一方向X上的截面积皆很小，进而对第一发光组件11射入第二发光组件12内的光线的影响也很小，即并不会影响第一发光组件11工作时的大视角显示效果；此外，也可通过对常规导光板111进行光线角度补偿，例如增大第一光扩散结构中各网点的深度。
进一步地，在本申请实施例中，第一光源112的数量可大于或等于1，随着数量的增多，可以提高背光模组10的出光亮度，而第二光源122的数量可小于或等于2，若第二光源122的和数量过多，将会增加第二光源122射入准直式导光板121内的光强度，进而降低防窥效果。
优选的，在沿远离第二光源122的方向上，第一凸起1201的分布密度逐渐增大，例如数量增大等，即在远离第二光源122的区域内，光线的量将会变少，进而通过增加第一凸起1201的分布密度，以提高反射效果，提高背光模组10的出光均一性。
承上，本申请实施例通过至少开启第一光源112，以实现大视角的常规显示模式，通过开启第二光源122且关闭第一光源112，以实现小视角的防窥显示模式，则本申请能够在不降低显示装置的显示亮度的前提下，实现动态防窥功能。
在本申请的另一种实施例中，请参照图1、图5以及图6，本实施例与上一实施例的区别之处在于第二发光组件12的结构不同。
具体地，第二发光组件12包括准直式导光板121以及设置于准直式导光板121周侧的至少一第二光源122，其中，准直式导光板121包括导光板本体1211以及设置导光板本体1211靠近显示面板20一侧的聚光层1212，在本申请实施例中，聚光层1212与导光板本体1211为分体式设置，即导光板本体1211的材料与聚光层1212不同，且导光板本体1211可通过胶层与聚光层1212相贴合，或者导光板本体1211与聚光层1212之间相间隔设置，以形成一狭缝，狭缝内可填充有空气，进而在导光板本体1211与聚光层1212之间形成可以进行全反射的截面，以提高光线利用率。可选的，胶层可为低折射率胶水，例如NOA 1315胶。
在本申请实施例中，聚光层1212的折射率大于导光板本体1211的折光率，且第二光源122设置于导光板本体1211的周侧，以使得光线仅射入导光板本体1211内。
具体地，导光板本体1211远离聚光层1212的一侧设置有第二光扩散结构，而第二光扩散结构包括设置于导光板本体1211远离聚光层1212一侧的多个凹部1203，而聚光层1212远离导光板本体1211的一侧设置有多个凸透镜部1204，其中，一凹部1203与一凸透镜部1204对应设置。
优选的，各凹部1203在显示面板20上的正投影位于对应的凸透镜部1204在显示面板20上的正投影的覆盖范围以内，且凹部1203的中心线与凸透镜部1204的主光轴相重合，进一步地，各凹部1203位于对应的凸透镜部1204靠近导光板本体1211一侧的焦点上，进而由凹部1203扩散反射出的光线可视为由凸透镜部1204的焦点上发出的光线，在经过凸透镜部1204之后，可形成平行于凸透镜部1204的主光轴发出的光线，即得到平行于第一方向X的光线，以实现小视角的防窥显示。
在沿凹部1203指向凸透镜部1204的方向上，即第一方向X，凹部1203的截面积逐渐增大，而凸透镜部1204的截面积逐渐减小，进一步地，凹部1203的截面形状可为三角形，例如等腰三角形，凸透镜部1204的截面形状可为圆弧形。
可选的，导光板本体1211的厚度大于或等于0.1毫米，且小于或等于0.8毫米，聚光层1212的厚度大于或等于0.1毫米，且小于或等于0.8毫米，凹部1203呈三角形的边长大于或等于200微米，且小于或等于300微米，而凸透镜部1204呈圆弧形的半径大于或等于500微米，且小于或等于700微米。
在本实施例中，设定导光板本体1211以及聚光层1212的厚度结果为0.5毫米，凹部1203的边长为150微米，而凸透镜部1204的半径为600微米。且经过光学仿真模拟，得到如图7所示的视角与亮度的曲线图，其中，横坐标表示视角，而纵坐标表示亮度经过归一化处理之后的结果。
具体地，本申请实施例提供的背光模组10在正负20°的视角范围内，亮度将急剧增加，而正负20°以外的大视角范围的亮度将极低；进一步地，在正负10°的视角范围内，亮度基本上可以达到0.2以上，而该曲线的半峰宽亮度可达到0.5，且视角范围为15°，即表明本申请实施例提供的背光模组10在正视方向上具有高亮度的显示效果，且在大视角范围内，亮度极低，进而可以实现有效的防窥显示效果。
需要说明的是，在沿远离第二光源122的方向上，第二凹部1203的分布密度逐渐增大，例如数量增大等，即在远离第二光源122的区域内，光线的量将会变少，进而通过增加凹部1203的分布密度，以提高反射效果，提高背光模组10的出光均一性。
承上，本申请实施例通过至少开启第一光源112，以实现大视角的常规显示模式，通过开启第二光源122且关闭第一光源112，以实现小视角的防窥显示模式，则本申请能够在不降低显示装置的显示亮度的前提下，实现动态防窥功能。
在本申请的另一种实施例中，请参照图8，本实施例与第一个实施例的区别之处在于第二发光组件12的结构不同。
其中，第二发光组件12包括设置于第一发光组件11与显示面板20之间的准直式导光板121以及设置于准直式导光板121周侧的第二光源122，准直式导光板121包括导光板本体1211以及设置于导光板本体1211靠近显示面板20一侧的聚光层1212，在本实施例中，聚光层1212与导光板本体1211为分体式设置。
具体地，导光板本体1211远离聚光层1212的一侧设置有第二光扩散结构，且第二光扩散结构包括设置于导光板本体1211远离聚光层1212一侧的扩散网点，而聚光层1212靠近导光板本体1211的一侧设置有多个棱镜结构1205，且各棱镜结构1205的截面积沿靠近导光板本体1211的方向上逐渐减小。
进一步地，第二光源122设置于导光板本体1211的周侧，且设定导光板本体1211设有第二光源122的一侧为入光侧，而导光板本体1211的厚度沿远离第二光源122的方向上逐渐减小，而导光板本体1211远离聚光层1212的一侧与显示面板20相平行，导光板本体1211靠近聚光层1212的一侧倾斜于显示面板20设置。
在本实施例中，聚光层1212靠近导光板本体1211的一侧与导光板本体1211靠近聚光层1212的一侧相平行，即聚光层1212也倾斜于显示面板20设置。
在本实施例中，设定导光板本体1211入光侧的厚度为2毫米，远离入光侧一端的厚度为1毫米，且棱镜结构1205的截面形状呈三角形，该三角形的底角为68°，经过光学仿真模拟得到如图9所示的视角与亮度的曲线图。
由图9可知，横坐标表示视角，纵坐标是表示亮度，而曲线E表示水平视角与亮度的曲线，曲线F表示垂直视角与亮度的曲线，其中，在正负40°的范围内，本申请实施例提供的背光模组10具有较高的亮度，而正负40°以外的大视角范围内，亮度将显著降低，且曲线F的半峰宽为-5°到30°之间，其亮度可以达到13000nits左右，可以实现有效的防窥显示效果。
承上，本申请实施例通过至少开启第一光源112，以实现大视角的常规显示模式，通过开启第二光源122且关闭第一光源112，以实现小视角的防窥显示模式，则本申请能够在不降低显示装置的显示亮度的前提下，实现动态防窥功能。
在本申请的另一种实施例中，请参照图1、图10以及图11，本实施例与上一实施例的区别之处在于导光板本体1211以及聚光层1212的结构不同。
在本实施例中，导光板本体1211的厚度为均匀的，且导光板本体1211与显示面板20平行，而聚光层1212与导光板本体1211平行。
其中，导光板本体1211远离聚光层1212的一侧设置有第二光扩散结构，第二光扩散结构包括设置于导光板本体1211远离聚光层1212一侧的多个凹槽1206，聚光层1212靠近导光板本体1211的一侧设置有多个棱镜结构1205，且棱镜结构1205的截面积沿聚光层1212指向导光板本体1211的方向上逐渐减小。
可选的，各凹槽1206包括靠近第二光源122一侧的光扩散面，其中，在沿远离第二光源122的方向上，光扩散面到显示面板20的距离逐渐减小，且光扩散面与显示面板20之间的夹角d大于或等于10°，且小于或等于20°，且凹槽1206的截面形状可为三角形和矩形的组合，如图10所示。
可选的，凹槽1206的深度大于或等于2微米，且小于或等于5微米。
在本实施例中，设定凹槽1206的光扩散面与显示面板20之间的夹角d为16.13°，而凹槽1206的深度为3.4微米。
需要说明的是，在本实施例中，如图11所示，凹槽1206可通过机台刀具50加工得到，且刀具50的截面形状可为三角形，其中，刀具50接触凹槽1206一侧的角度g可为102°，另外，角度h可为3°，角度f可为75°，且本申请实施例中刀具尺寸以及凹槽1206的加工方法并不限于此。
经过光学仿真模拟得到如图12所示的视角与亮度曲线图，其中，横坐标表示视角，而纵坐标表示亮度，在本实施例中，在正负30°视角范围内，背光模组10的亮度将急剧提高，而正负30°以外的大视角范围内，背光模组10的亮度降低，且低于1000cd/m 2，即表明本申请实施例提供的背光模组10可以试下有效的防窥效果。
此外，在本申请的其他实施例中，请参照图13，各凹槽1206包括靠近第二光源122一侧的光扩散面，其中，在沿远离第二光源122的方向上，光扩散面到显示面板20的距离逐渐减小，且光扩散面与显示面板20之间的夹角e大于或等于10°，且小于或等于20°，且凹槽1206的截面形状可为三角形。
承上，本申请实施例通过至少开启第一光源112，以实现大视角的常规显示模式，通过开启第二光源122且关闭第一光源112，以实现小视角的防窥显示模式，则本申请能够在不降低显示装置的显示亮度的前提下，实现动态防窥功能。
在本申请的另一种实施例中，请参照图2以及图14，本实施例与第一个实施例的区别之处在于背光模组10的结构不同。
在本实施例中，第二发光组件12设置于显示面板20的一侧，且第一发光组件11设置于第二发光组件12与显示面板20之间。
此外，背光模组10还包括设置于第二发光组件12远离显示面板20一侧的反射片15、以及设置于第一发光组件11与显示面板20之间的增光膜14。即本实施例相对于第一个实施例而言，减少了扩散片的使用，由于本实施例中将第二发光组件12设置于第一发光组件11远离显示面板20的一侧，若在第二发光组件12与第一发光组件11之间设置扩散片，将影响第二发光组件12的出光效果，因此，本实施例中不需要第二发光组件12与第一发光组件11之间设置扩散片。
另外，本申请实施例还提供一种背光模组，请参照图1或图14，该背光模组10包括第一发光组件11以及第二发光组件12。
第一发光组件11包括常规导光板111以及设置于常规导光板111周侧的至少一第一光源112，且第一发光组件11发出的光线与第一方向X的夹角小于或等于第一预设角度，第一方向X为垂直于常规导光板111的方向。
第二发光组件12包括设置于常规导光板111一侧的准直式导光板121以及设置于准直式导光板121周侧的至少一第二光源122，且第二发光组件12发出的光线与第一方向X的夹角小于或等于第二预设角度，第二预设角度小于第一预设角度。
其中，显示装置在第一模式与第二模式之间进行切换，第一模式下，至少第一光源112开启，第二模式下，第一光源112关闭，且第二光源122开启。
该背光模组包括发光面，常规导光板111远离发光面的一侧设置有第一光扩散结构，准直式导光板121包括导光板本体1211以及设置于导光板本体1211靠近发光面一侧的聚光层1212，导光板本体1211远离聚光层1212的一侧设置有第二光扩散结构，聚光层1212用于对第二光源122发出的光线起到聚拢作用。
需要说明的是，在本申请实施提供的背光模组中，第一模式对应显示装置的常规显示模式，而第二模式对应显示装置的防窥显示模式。此外，关于准直式导光板121的其他结构和设置方案皆可参照上述实施例中所述进行设置，在此不再赘述。
承上，本申请实施例通过在背光模组10中设置第一发光组件11以及第二发光组件12，其中，第二发光组件12包括准直式导光板121，以对第二光源122发出的光线起到聚拢作用，且第二发光组件12的最大出光角度小于第一发光组件11的最大出光角度。进而在常规显示模式时，至少开启第一光源112，即至少使用第一发光组件11，以实现常规显示；而在防窥显示模式时，开启第二光源122且关闭第一光源112，即仅使用第二发光组件12，以减小显示装置的视角范围，进而实现防窥显示，则本申请能够在不降低显示装置的显示亮度的前提下，实现动态防窥功能。
在上述实施例中，对各个实施例的描述都各有侧重，某个实施例中没有详述的部分，可以参见其他实施例的相关描述。
以上对本申请实施例所提供的一种背光模组及显示装置进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请的技术方案及其核心思想；本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例的技术方案的范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种显示装置，所述显示装置包括显示面板以及设置于所述显示面板一侧的背光模组；
    所述背光模组包括：
    第一发光组件，包括设置于所述显示面板一侧的常规导光板以及设置于所述常规导光板周侧的至少一第一光源，所述第一发光组件发出的光线与第一方向的夹角小于或等于第一预设角度，且所述第一方向为所述背光模组指向所述显示面板的方向；
    第二发光组件，包括设置于所述常规导光板一侧的准直式导光板以及设置于所述准直式导光板周侧的至少一第二光源，所述第二发光组件发出的光线与所述第一方向的夹角小于或等于第二预设角度，且所述第二预设角度小于所述第一预设角度；
    其中，所述显示装置在常规显示模式与防窥显示模式之间进行切换，所述常规显示模式下，至少所述第一光源开启，所述防窥显示模式下，所述第一光源关闭，且所述第二光源开启。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其中，所述常规导光板远离所述显示面板的一侧设置有第一光扩散结构，所述准直式导光板包括导光板本体以及设置于所述导光板本体靠近所述显示面板一侧的聚光层，所述导光板本体远离所述聚光层的一侧设置有第二光扩散结构。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的显示装置，其中，所述第二光扩散结构包括设置于所述导光板本体远离所述聚光层一侧的多个第一凸起，所述聚光层远离所述到导光板本体的一侧设置有多个第二凸起，一所述第一凸起与一所述第二凸起对应设置。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的显示装置，其中，在沿所述第一凸起指向对应的所述第二凸起的方向上，所述第一凸起沿平行于所述准直式导光板方向上截得的面积逐渐增大，所述第二凸起沿平行于所述准直式导光板方向上截得的面积逐渐减小；
    其中，所述第一凸起在所述显示面板上的正投影与所述第二凸起在所述显示面板上的正投影重叠。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的显示装置，其中，所述第一凸起的分布密度沿远离所述第二光源的方向上逐渐增大。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的显示装置，其中，所述导光板本体与所述聚光层的材料相同。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的显示装置，其中，所述第二光扩散结构包括设置于所述导光板本体远离所述聚光层一侧的多个凹部，所述聚光层远离所述导光板本体的一侧设置有多个凸透镜部，且一所述凹部与一所述凸透镜部对应设置。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的显示装置，其中，各所述凹部在所述显示面板上的正投影位于对应的所述凸透镜部在所述显示面板上的正投影的覆盖范围以内，且所述凹部的中心线与所述凸透镜部的主光轴相重合。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的显示装置，其中，各所述凹部位于对应的所述凸透镜部靠近所述导光板本体一侧的焦点上。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的显示装置，其中，所述聚光层的折射率大于所述导光板本体的折射率，且所述聚光层贴附于所述导光板本体靠近所述显示面板的一侧，或所述聚光层与所述导光板本体之间相间隔设置。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的显示装置，其中，所述第二光源设置于所述导光板本体的周侧，以使所述第二光源发出的光线进入所述导光板本体内。
  12. 根据权利要求7所述的显示装置，其中，所述凹部的分布密度沿远离所述第二光源的方向上逐渐增大。
  13. 根据权利要求2所述的显示装置，其中，所述聚光层靠近所述导光板本体的一侧设置有多个棱镜结构，且各所述棱镜结构的截面积沿靠近所述导光板本体的方向上逐渐减小，且所述聚光层靠近所述导光板本体的一侧与所述导光板本体靠近所述聚光层的一侧相平行。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的显示装置，其中，所述导光板本体的周侧包括设置有至少一所述第二光源的入光侧，且所述导光板本体的厚度沿远离所述入光侧的方向上逐渐减小，所述导光板本体远离所述聚光层一侧的表面平行于所述显示面板，所述导光板本体靠近所述聚光层一侧的表面倾斜于所述显示面板设置。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的显示装置，其中，所述导光板本体靠近所述聚光层一侧的表面与所述显示面板相平行，且所述第二光扩散结构包括设置于所述导光板本体远离所述聚光层一侧的多个凹槽，各所述凹槽包括靠近所述第二光源一侧的光扩散面，其中，在沿远离所述第二光源的方向上，所述光扩散面到所述显示面板的距离逐渐减小，且所述光扩散面与所述显示面板之间的夹角大于或等于10°，且小于或等于20°。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其中，所述第二发光组件设置于所述第一发光组件靠近所述显示面板的一侧，且所述背光模组还包括设置于所述第二发光组件与所述第一发光组件之间的扩散片；
    或者，所述第二发光组件设置于所述第一发光组件远离所述显示面板的一侧。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的显示装置，其中，所述背光模组还包括增光膜以及反射片，且所述增光膜设置于所述第一发光组件以及所述第二发光组件皆靠近所述显示面板的一侧，所述反射片设置于所述第一发光组件以及所述第二发光组件皆远离所述显示面板的一侧。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其中，所述第一光源的数量大于或等于1，所述第二光源的数量小于或等于2。
  19. 一种背光模组，所述背光模组包括：
    第一发光组件，包括常规导光板以及设置于所述常规导光板周侧的至少一第一光源，所述第一发光组件发出的光线与第一方向的夹角小于或等于第一预设角度，且所述第一方向为垂直于所述常规导光板的方向；
    第二发光组件，包括设置于所述常规导光板一侧的准直式导光板以及设置于所述准直式导光板周侧的至少一第二光源，所述第二发光组件发出的光线与所述第一方向的夹角小于或等于第二预设角度，且所述第二预设角度小于所述第一预设角度；
    其中，所述背光模组在第一模式与第二模式之间进行切换，所述第一模式下，至少所述第一光源开启，所述第二模式下，所述第一光源关闭，且所述第二光源开启。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的背光模组，其中，所述背光模组包括发光面，所述常规导光板远离所述发光面的一侧设置有第一光扩散结构，所述准直式导光板包括导光板本体以及设置于所述导光板本体靠近所述发光面一侧的聚光层，所述导光板本体远离所述聚光层的一侧设置有第二光扩散结构。
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