WO2023189293A1 - 潤滑油用基油、潤滑油及び作動流体 - Google Patents
潤滑油用基油、潤滑油及び作動流体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023189293A1 WO2023189293A1 PCT/JP2023/008627 JP2023008627W WO2023189293A1 WO 2023189293 A1 WO2023189293 A1 WO 2023189293A1 JP 2023008627 W JP2023008627 W JP 2023008627W WO 2023189293 A1 WO2023189293 A1 WO 2023189293A1
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- lubricating oil
- acid
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- oil
- fatty acid
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/32—Esters
- C10M105/38—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/042—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising compounds containing carbon and hydrogen only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a base oil for lubricating oil, a lubricating oil, and a working fluid.
- Refrigerating machines such as refrigerators, car air conditioners, room air conditioners, and vending machines are equipped with a compressor to circulate refrigerant within the refrigeration cycle.
- the compressor is filled with lubricating oil (refrigerating machine oil) for lubricating the sliding members.
- Lubricating oils generally contain a base oil and additives selected depending on the desired properties.
- Patent Document 1 describes a refrigerating machine oil for hydrocarbon refrigerants that is capable of achieving both low viscosity and maintaining the refrigerant dissolution viscosity, as well as maintaining the refrigerant compatibility and refrigerant dissolution viscosity of the refrigerating machine oil.
- Refrigerating machine oil for a hydrocarbon refrigerant is disclosed, which is characterized by containing an ester of a fatty acid and a polyhydric alcohol in which the ratio of straight chain fatty acids of No. 22 is 50 to 100 mol %.
- esters of certain fatty acids and polyhydric alcohols are known as base oils used in lubricating oils such as refrigerating machine oils, but according to the studies of the present inventors, There is room for further improvement in the stability of lubricating oil base oils containing such esters when water is mixed in.
- one aspect of the present invention is to provide a base oil for lubricating oil that has excellent stability even when water is mixed in.
- the ester used as the base oil should preferably be a complete ester from the viewpoint of excellent hydrolytic stability.
- the present inventors found that in esters of trihydric alcohols and fatty acids having 14 to 20 carbon atoms, if the amount of triester, which is a complete ester, is too large, the stability will be significantly deteriorated when water is mixed in. (The peroxide value increases). If the above-mentioned ester contains diester, which is a partial ester, and the amount of triester is below a certain amount, even when water is mixed in, the increase in peroxide value is suppressed and excellent stability can be obtained. It has been found.
- One aspect of the present invention is a base oil for lubricating oil containing an ester of a trihydric alcohol and a fatty acid having 14 to 20 carbon atoms, wherein the ester includes a diester and a triester, and the content of the triester is It is a base oil for lubricating oils, which has a content of 93 mol% or less based on the total amount of ester and triester.
- the fatty acid having 14 to 20 carbon atoms may include oleic acid.
- the content of oleic acid may be 80% by mass or more based on the total amount of fatty acids having 14 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the fatty acid having 14 to 20 carbon atoms may further include a saturated fatty acid having 14 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the fatty acid having 14 to 20 carbon atoms may further contain an unsaturated fatty acid having 14 to 20 carbon atoms other than oleic acid.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a lubricating oil containing the above-described base oil for lubricating oil.
- the lubricating oil may further contain antioxidants.
- the lubricating oil may further contain an acid scavenger.
- the lubricating oil may further contain anti-wear agents.
- the content of the base oil for lubricating oil may be 80% by mass or more based on the total amount of lubricating oil.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a working fluid containing the above lubricating oil and refrigerant.
- the refrigerant may include hydrocarbons.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a base oil for lubricating oil containing an ester of a trihydric alcohol and a fatty acid having 14 to 20 carbon atoms.
- a trihydric alcohol is an alcohol that has three hydroxyl groups.
- the trihydric alcohol may be an aliphatic alcohol.
- Examples of trihydric alcohols include trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, glycerin, and 1,3,5-pentanetriol.
- the trihydric alcohol is preferably trimethylolpropane.
- the fatty acid having 14 to 20 carbon atoms may be a saturated fatty acid or an unsaturated fatty acid.
- the C14 to C20 fatty acids preferably include unsaturated fatty acids, more preferably unsaturated fatty acids having 18 carbon atoms (C18 unsaturated fatty acids), and even more preferably oleic acid.
- the content of unsaturated fatty acids is 70% by mass or more, 75% by mass or more, 80% by mass or more, or 85% by mass or more, based on the total amount of C14 to C20 fatty acids. It may be 95% by mass or less, 93% by mass or less, or 90% by mass or less.
- the C14-C20 fatty acid further includes a saturated fatty acid having 14-20 carbon atoms (hereinafter also referred to as "C14-C20 saturated fatty acid”) in addition to the unsaturated fatty acid.
- C14-C20 saturated fatty acids include tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, heptahexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, nonadecanoic acid and eicosanoic acid. These C14 to C20 saturated fatty acids may be linear or branched.
- the C14-C20 saturated fatty acid preferably includes at least one selected from the group consisting of linear C14-C20 saturated fatty acids, and more preferably linear tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid) and linear hexadecanoic acid. (palmitic acid), and linear octadecanoic acid (stearic acid), and more preferably linear tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid), linear hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid), acid), and linear octadecanoic acid (stearic acid).
- linear tetradecanoic acid myristic acid
- linear hexadecanoic acid palmitic acid
- acid linear octadecanoic acid
- the C14-C20 fatty acid further contains, in addition to oleic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid having 14-20 carbon atoms other than oleic acid (hereinafter also referred to as "C14-C20 unsaturated fatty acid").
- C14-C20 unsaturated fatty acids other than oleic acid may have, for example, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, 1 to 2, or 1 carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds.
- C14-C20 unsaturated fatty acids other than oleic acid examples include physeteric acid, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, heptadecenylenic acid, petroselaidic acid, elaidic acid, vaccenic acid, linoleic acid, linoleraidic acid, hyragonic acid, and linolenic acid. , and arachidonic acid.
- the C14 to C20 unsaturated fatty acids other than oleic acid preferably include at least one selected from the group consisting of unsaturated fatty acids having 16 to 18 carbon atoms, and more preferably include palmitoleic acid.
- the C14-C20 fatty acids in addition to oleic acid, further include both C14-C20 saturated fatty acids and C14-C20 unsaturated fatty acids other than oleic acid.
- the C14 to C20 saturated fatty acids preferably include at least one selected from the group consisting of linear C14 to C20 saturated fatty acids and at least one selected from the group consisting of unsaturated fatty acids having 16 to 18 carbon atoms, More preferably, it contains at least one selected from the group consisting of myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid, and palmitoleic acid, and even more preferably, it contains myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and palmitoleic acid.
- the content of C14-C20 saturated fatty acids may be 1% by mass or more, 3% by mass or more, or 5% by mass or more, and 15% by mass or less, 12% by mass or less, based on the total amount of C14-C20 fatty acids. , or 10% by mass or less.
- the content of C14-C20 unsaturated fatty acids other than oleic acid may be 1% by mass or more, 3% by mass or more, or 4% by mass or more, and 10% by mass or less, based on the total amount of C14-C20 fatty acids. , 8% by mass or less, or 6% by mass or less.
- each fatty acid mentioned above is measured by the following procedure.
- the ester is dissolved in ethanol and subjected to alkaline hydrolysis, followed by trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization using N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA).
- TMS trimethylsilyl
- BSTFA N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide
- BSTFA N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide
- the type of fatty acid constituting the ester is confirmed as a TMS derivatized product by GC/MS analysis of the obtained TMS derivatized fatty acid.
- each fatty acid is quantified by GC analysis under the following GC conditions.
- GC conditions ⁇ Column: DB-5, 50°C ⁇ 320°C (15°C/min) ⁇ Injection: 300°C, 1 ⁇ L, split ratio 50:1 ⁇ Detector: FID, 320°C - Standard sample for calibration curve: Palmitic acid (reagent) is used for C14 fatty acids and C16 fatty acids, and stearic acid (reagent) is used for C18 fatty acids. Note that fatty acid ethylation may be generated during the TMS derivatization process, and the amount of fatty acid is calculated by adding up the amount of fatty acid TMS derivatization and the amount of fatty acid ethylation.
- Esters of trihydric alcohols and C14 to C20 fatty acids include diesters and triesters.
- a diester is a partial ester in which two of the three hydroxyl groups of a trihydric alcohol are esterified with a C14 to C20 fatty acid, with one hydroxyl group remaining intact.
- Triesters are complete esters in which all three hydroxyl groups of a trihydric alcohol are esterified with C14-C20 fatty acids.
- the content of triester is 93 mol% or less based on the total amount of diester and triester. In other words, the content of diester is 7 mol% or more based on the total amount of diester and triester. As a result, a base oil for lubricating oil that has excellent stability even when water is mixed in can be obtained.
- the content of triester may be preferably 92 mol% or less, 91 mol% or less, 90 mol% or less, or 89 mol% or less, and 70 mol% or less, based on the total amount of diester and triester.
- the content may be 75 mol% or more, 80 mol% or more, or 85 mol% or more.
- the content of diester is preferably 8 mol% or more, 9 mol% or more, 10 mol% or more, or 11 mol% or more, and 30 mol% or less, based on the total amount of diester and triester. , 35 mol% or less, 20 mol% or less, or 15 mol% or less.
- the above-mentioned diester content C2 and triester content C3 (based on the total amount of diester and triester, mol%) have a peak around 40.5 ppm in the 13 C-NMR spectrum measured under the following conditions. It is calculated by the following formula, with a peak caused by triester (area value P3) and a peak observed around 42.5 ppm being defined as a peak caused by diester (area value P2).
- the above-mentioned ester of a trihydric alcohol containing a specific amount of diester and triester and a C14 to C20 fatty acid can be produced, for example, by the following method.
- a polyhydric alcohol and a C14 to C20 fatty acid slightly in excess of the equivalent amount are distilled off at a temperature of 120 to 250°C under a nitrogen stream until the hydroxyl value is about 15 mgKOH/g.
- the reaction is carried out until the crude ester is obtained.
- a catalyst such as a Lewis acid catalyst or a reducing agent such as a phosphorus reducing agent may be used.
- the obtained crude ester is treated with an alkali such as potassium hydroxide to remove excess acid, and if necessary is treated with an aqueous solution such as sulfite. After washing with water and dehydration, it is treated with activated clay, aluminum oxide, etc.
- an alkali such as potassium hydroxide
- an aqueous solution such as sulfite
- activated clay aluminum oxide, etc.
- a purification process such as adsorption with an adsorbent and filtration
- a mixture containing diesters and triesters including monoesters in some cases
- the above steps are carried out according to known methods (for example, see Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2002-193882, International Publication No. 2002/022548, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2007-332134, and Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2013-227255).
- the two were purified and fractionated using the difference in boiling point between the diester and triester, and then the mixture was purified as described above.
- a diester/triester mixture in the desired proportion is obtained.
- an ester mainly consisting of triester can be obtained, and C14 to C20 fatty acid is added to 1 mole of trihydric alcohol.
- An ester consisting mainly of diester can be obtained by reacting about 2 moles of esters, but these may be mixed in the desired proportions mentioned above.
- the ester of trihydric alcohol and C14 to C20 fatty acid may further contain a monoester.
- a monoester is a partial ester in which one of the three hydroxyl groups of a trihydric alcohol is esterified with a C14 to C20 fatty acid, and two hydroxyl groups remain as they are.
- the monoester content is preferably as low as possible, and is preferably 10 mol% or less based on the total amount of the ester of trihydric alcohol and C14 to C20 fatty acid. It may be 0 mol%.
- the base oils described above are used as base oils for lubricating oils. That is, another embodiment of the present invention is a lubricating oil containing the above-described base oil for lubricating oil.
- the content of the ester of trihydric alcohol and C14 to C20 fatty acid is 50% by mass or more, 60% by mass or more, 70% by mass or more, 80% by mass or more, 90% by mass or more, or 95% by mass or more, based on the total amount of lubricating oil. It may be % by mass or more.
- the lubricating oil may further contain other base oils than esters of trihydric alcohols and C14 to C20 fatty acids.
- Other base oils may be, for example, hydrocarbon oils or oxygenated oils.
- the hydrocarbon oil include mineral oil, olefin polymers, naphthalene compounds, alkylbenzenes, and the like.
- oxygen-containing oils include monoesters (esters of monoalcohols), polyol esters other than esters of trihydric alcohols and C14 to C20 fatty acids (esters of polyols having two or more hydroxyl groups), esters such as complex esters, and polyesters such as complex esters.
- Examples include ethers such as alkylene glycol, polyvinyl ether, polyphenyl ether, and perfluoroether.
- the lubricating oil may further contain additives depending on the desired properties.
- additives include antioxidants, acid scavengers, antiwear agents, oil agents, antifoaming agents, metal deactivators, viscosity index improvers, and the like.
- the total content of additives is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 0.5% by mass or more, and preferably 5% by mass or less or 2% by mass, based on the total amount of lubricating oil. It may be the following.
- the lubricating oil preferably further contains an antioxidant, more preferably a phenolic antioxidant.
- an antioxidant more preferably a phenolic antioxidant.
- phenolic antioxidants include 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol.
- the content of the antioxidant may be 0.1% by mass or more and 3% by mass or less based on the total amount of lubricating oil.
- the lubricating oil preferably further contains an acid scavenger, more preferably an epoxy acid scavenger.
- an acid scavenger preferably an epoxy acid scavenger.
- the epoxy acid scavenger include glycidyl ester compounds, glycidyl ether compounds, and alicyclic epoxy compounds.
- the content of the acid scavenger may be 0.1% by mass or more and 3% by mass or less based on the total amount of lubricating oil.
- the lubricating oil preferably further contains an anti-wear agent, more preferably a phosphorus-based anti-wear agent.
- the phosphorus-based wear inhibitor include orthophosphoric acid ester compounds, phosphorous acid ester compounds, and thiophosphoric acid ester compounds.
- the phosphorus anti-wear agent is preferably an orthophosphoric acid ester compound, more preferably at least one selected from tricresyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, trialkyl phosphate, and tri(alkylphenyl) phosphate.
- the content of the anti-wear agent may be 0.1% by mass or more and 3% by mass or less based on the total amount of lubricating oil.
- the lubricating oil may further contain an antioxidant, an acid scavenger, and an antiwear agent, and may further contain a phenolic antioxidant, an epoxy acid scavenger, and a phosphorus antiwear agent. .
- the kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of the lubricating oil may be 10 mm 2 /s or more, 20 mm 2 /s or more, 30 mm 2 /s or more, or 40 mm 2 /s or more, and 400 mm 2 / s or less, and 300 mm 2 /s or more. s or less, 200 mm 2 /s or less, 100 mm 2 /s or less, or 60 mm 2 /s or less.
- the kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of the lubricating oil may be 4 mm 2 /s or more, 6 mm 2 /s or more, 8 mm 2 /s or more, or 9 mm 2 /s or more, and 40 mm 2 /s or less, 25 mm 2 /s or less. , 15 mm 2 /s or less, 12 mm 2 /s or less, or 10 mm 2 /s or less.
- the viscosity index of the lubricating oil may be 110 or more, 140 or more, 150 or more, 160 or more, or 170 or more, and may be 300 or less, 250 or less, or 220 or less.
- kinematic viscosity and viscosity index refer to kinematic viscosity and viscosity index measured in accordance with JIS K2283:2000.
- the use of the lubricating oil is not particularly limited, it is preferably a refrigerating machine oil. That is, another embodiment of the present invention is a refrigerating machine oil containing the above-described base oil for lubricating oil. Moreover, “lubricating oil” in the above description can be read as “refrigerating machine oil”.
- Refrigerating machine oil is used together with a refrigerant. That is, another embodiment of the present invention is a working fluid containing lubricating oil (refrigerating machine oil) and a refrigerant.
- the refrigerant preferably contains hydrocarbons.
- the hydrocarbon is preferably a hydrocarbon having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the hydrocarbon is, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene, ethane, propane (R290), propylene, cyclopropane, normal butane, isobutane (R600a), cyclobutane, and methylcyclopropane, preferably propane ( R290) or isobutane (R600a), more preferably propane (R290).
- the refrigerant may consist only of hydrocarbons, or may further contain other refrigerants in addition to hydrocarbons.
- the content of hydrocarbons may be 50% by mass or more, 60% by mass or more, 70% by mass or more, 80% by mass or more, 90% by mass or more, or 95% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the refrigerant.
- the other refrigerants include saturated fluorinated hydrocarbons (HFC) such as R32, R134a, R125, R143a, and R152a, unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons (HFO) such as R1234yf and R1234ze, and perfluoroether.
- HFC saturated fluorinated hydrocarbons
- HFO unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons
- R1234yf and R1234ze such as R1234yf and R1234ze
- perfluoroether examples include fluorine ether, bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfide, trifluoroiodide me
- the content of refrigerating machine oil in the working fluid may be 1 part by mass or more or 2 parts by mass or more, and 500 parts by mass or less or 400 parts by mass or less, based on 100 parts by mass of the refrigerant.
- Each ester of trimethylolpropane and a C14 to C20 fatty acid having the fatty acid composition shown in Table 1 was used as base oils 1 to 4.
- Table 1 shows the diester and triester contents in each ester (base oil) measured by the above procedure.
- Stability evaluation Stability evaluation was performed in accordance with JIS K2211-09 (autoclave test). Specifically, base oils 1 to 4 (30 g) whose water content was adjusted to less than 10 ppm or 1000 ppm were weighed into an autoclave, and catalysts (iron, copper, and aluminum wires, each with an outer diameter of 1.6 mm and a length of A stability test was conducted by enclosing R290 (30 g) as a refrigerant and heating at 175° C. for 168 hours. The peroxide value of the base oil after the stability test was measured in accordance with JPI-5S-72. Table 1 shows the peroxide value after the stability test for each case where the water content was less than 10 ppm or 1000 ppm. If the peroxide value can be suppressed to 200 mg/kg or less without additives, stability can be easily maintained.
- the peroxide value of all base oils 1 to 4 is 200 mg/kg or less. It's suppressed.
- water content water content is 1000 ppm
- the peroxide value of base oils 1 to 3 is suppressed to 200 mg/kg or less
- the peroxide value of base oil 4 is suppressed to 200 mg/kg or less. The oxide value exceeded 200 mg/kg.
- lubricating oils refrigerating machine oils
- base oils 1 to 3 maintain stability even when water is mixed in because they have an excellent peroxide suppression effect. It's easy to do.
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Abstract
Description
エステルをエタノールに溶解し、アルカリ加水分解処理した後、N,O-ビス(トリメチルシリル)トリフルオロアセトアミド(BSTFA)を用いてトリメチルシリル(TMS)誘導体化処理を行う。得られた脂肪酸のTMS誘導体化物をGC/MS分析することにより、エステルを構成する脂肪酸の種類をTMS誘導体化物として確認する。次に、以下のGC条件によるGC分析にて、各脂肪酸を定量する。
(GC条件)
・カラム:DB-5、50℃→320℃(15℃/min)
・インジェクション:300℃、1μL、スプリット比50:1
・検出器:FID、320℃
・検量線用標準試料:C14脂肪酸、C16脂肪酸についてはパルミチン酸(試薬)を、C18脂肪酸についてはステアリン酸(試薬)を用いる。
なお、TMS誘導体化処理の過程で、脂肪酸エチル化物が生成することがあるが、脂肪酸TMS誘導体化物の量と脂肪酸エチル化物の量とを合算して当該脂肪酸の量として算出する。
C2=P2/(P2+P3)×100
C3=P3/(P2+P3)×100
(13C-NMR条件)
・溶媒:重クロロホルム
・温度:室温
・測定法:1Hインバースゲーテッドデカップリング法
・パルス幅:30°
・待ち時間:10秒
まず、多価アルコールと、当量に対しやや過剰のC14~C20脂肪酸とを、窒素気流下で、120~250℃の温度で、生成する水を留去しながら、水酸基価が15mgKOH/g程度となるまで反応させて、粗エステルを得る。反応の際には、ルイス酸触媒等の触媒やリン系還元剤等の還元剤を使用してもよい。得られた粗エステルに対して、過剰な酸を水酸化カリウム等によるアルカリ処理や必要に応じて亜硫酸塩等の水溶液による処理を施し、水洗及び脱水を行った後、活性白土や酸化アルミニウム等の吸着剤で吸着してろ過する等の精製処理を行うことで、ジエステル及びトリエステルを含む(場合によりモノエステルも含む)混合物が得られる。以上の工程は、公知の方法(例えば、特開2002-193882号公報、国際公開第2002/022548号、特開2007-332134号公報、及び特開2013-227255を参照)に従って実施される。
以上のようにして得られた水酸基価が15mgKOH/g程度のジエステル及びトリエステルを含む混合物について、ジエステルとトリエステルの沸点などの差異を利用して、両者を精製して分別した上で、上述した所望の割合でジエステルとトリエステルを再度混合することにより、所望の割合のジエステル/トリエステル混合物が得られる。
また、上記製造方法において、水酸基価を5mgKOH/g以下、好ましくは1mgKOH/g以下まで反応させることで、トリエステル主体のエステルを得ることができ、三価アルコール1モルに対し、C14~C20脂肪酸を2モル程度反応させることで、ジエステル主体のエステルを得ることができるが、これらを上述した所望の割合で混合してもよい。
安定性の評価は、JIS K2211-09(オートクレーブテスト)に準拠して行った。具体的には、水分含有量を10ppm未満又は1000ppmに調整した基油1~4(30g)をオートクレーブに秤取し、触媒(鉄、銅、アルミの線、いずれも外径1.6mm×長さ50mm)と、冷媒としてR290(30g)とを封入した後、175℃で168時間加熱することにより、安定性試験を実施した。安定性試験後の基油の過酸化物価をJPI-5S-72に準拠して測定した。水分含有量が10ppm未満又は1000ppmのそれぞれの場合について、安定性試験後の過酸化物価を表1に示す。添加剤なしの状態で過酸化物価を200mg/kg以下に抑制できれば、安定性を維持しやすい。
Claims (12)
- 三価アルコールと炭素数14~20の脂肪酸とのエステルを含有する潤滑油用基油であって、
前記エステルがジエステル及びトリエステルを含み、
前記トリエステルの含有量が、前記ジエステル及び前記トリエステルの合計量を基準として93モル%以下である、潤滑油用基油。 - 前記炭素数14~20の脂肪酸がオレイン酸を含む、請求項1に記載の潤滑油用基油。
- 前記オレイン酸の含有量が、前記炭素数14~20の脂肪酸の合計量を基準として80質量%以上である、請求項2に記載の潤滑油用基油。
- 前記炭素数14~20の脂肪酸が、炭素数14~20の飽和脂肪酸を更に含む、請求項2又は3に記載の潤滑油用基油。
- 前記炭素数14~20の脂肪酸が、オレイン酸以外の炭素数14~20の不飽和脂肪酸を更に含む、請求項2~4のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑油用基油。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑油用基油を含有する、潤滑油。
- 酸化防止剤を更に含有する、請求項6に記載の潤滑油。
- 酸捕捉剤を更に含有する、請求項6又は7に記載の潤滑油。
- 摩耗防止剤を更に含有する、請求項6~8のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑油。
- 前記潤滑油用基油の含有量が、潤滑油の全量を基準として80質量%以上である、請求項6~9のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑油。
- 請求項6~10のいずれか一項に記載の潤滑油と、
冷媒と、
を含有する、作動流体。 - 前記冷媒が炭化水素を含む、請求項11に記載の作動流体。
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| CN108138065B (zh) * | 2015-08-31 | 2021-01-12 | 弗劳恩霍夫应用研究促进协会 | 具有甘油酯的润滑混合物 |
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