WO2023189103A1 - 複合基板、弾性表面波素子および複合基板の製造方法 - Google Patents
複合基板、弾性表面波素子および複合基板の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023189103A1 WO2023189103A1 PCT/JP2023/007233 JP2023007233W WO2023189103A1 WO 2023189103 A1 WO2023189103 A1 WO 2023189103A1 JP 2023007233 W JP2023007233 W JP 2023007233W WO 2023189103 A1 WO2023189103 A1 WO 2023189103A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H3/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators
- H03H3/007—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks
- H03H3/08—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks for the manufacture of resonators or networks using surface acoustic waves
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/02—Details
- H03H9/02535—Details of surface acoustic wave devices
- H03H9/02543—Characteristics of substrate, e.g. cutting angles
- H03H9/02559—Characteristics of substrate, e.g. cutting angles of lithium niobate or lithium-tantalate substrates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/02—Details
- H03H9/02535—Details of surface acoustic wave devices
- H03H9/02543—Characteristics of substrate, e.g. cutting angles
- H03H9/02574—Characteristics of substrate, e.g. cutting angles of combined substrates, multilayered substrates, piezoelectrical layers on not-piezoelectrical substrate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/02—Details
- H03H9/02535—Details of surface acoustic wave devices
- H03H9/02637—Details concerning reflective or coupling arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/15—Constructional features of resonators consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material
- H03H9/17—Constructional features of resonators consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material having a single resonator
- H03H9/171—Constructional features of resonators consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material having a single resonator implemented with thin-film techniques, i.e. of the film bulk acoustic resonator [FBAR] type
- H03H9/172—Means for mounting on a substrate, i.e. means constituting the material interface confining the waves to a volume
- H03H9/175—Acoustic mirrors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/25—Constructional features of resonators using surface acoustic waves
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H3/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators
- H03H3/007—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks
- H03H3/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks for the manufacture of piezoelectric or electrostrictive resonators or networks
- H03H2003/025—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks for the manufacture of piezoelectric or electrostrictive resonators or networks the resonators or networks comprising an acoustic mirror
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composite substrate, a surface acoustic wave element, and a method for manufacturing a composite substrate.
- SAW filters that utilize surface acoustic waves (SAW filters) to extract electrical signals of arbitrary frequencies.
- This SAW filter has a structure in which electrodes and the like are formed on a composite substrate having a piezoelectric layer (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the main object of the present invention is to provide a composite substrate with excellent durability while confining the energy of elastic waves in a piezoelectric layer.
- a composite substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a piezoelectric layer, a reflective layer including a low impedance layer containing silicon oxide and a high impedance layer, and a support substrate in this order, and the density of the low impedance layer is 2. 4 g/cm 3 or less, and an amorphous region is formed in the high impedance layer. 2. In the composite substrate according to item 1 above, the amorphous region may be formed at an end in the thickness direction of the high impedance layer. 3. In the composite substrate according to item 2 above, the amorphous region may be formed on the piezoelectric layer side of the high impedance layer. 4.
- the reflective layer may include a plurality of high impedance layers, and the amorphous region may be formed in at least the high impedance layer located closest to the support substrate. . 5.
- the high impedance layer and the low impedance layer may be alternately laminated. 6.
- the reflective layer and the supporting substrate may be arranged adjacent to each other. 7.
- the high impedance layer may include at least one selected from the group consisting of hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide, zirconium oxide, and aluminum oxide. 8.
- the high impedance layer and the low impedance layer may each have a thickness of 0.01 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m.
- the average thickness of the amorphous region may be 10 nm or more.
- a surface acoustic wave device has the composite substrate according to any one of 1 to 9 above.
- a method of manufacturing a composite substrate includes forming a low impedance layer containing silicon oxide and having a density of 2.4 g/cm 3 or less on at least one of a piezoelectric substrate and a supporting substrate; forming a high impedance layer having an amorphous region on the substrate, bonding the piezoelectric substrate and the supporting substrate, and forming the low impedance layer and the high impedance layer between the piezoelectric substrate and the supporting substrate; forming a reflective layer including an impedance layer, and the bonding is performed with the piezoelectric substrate and the supporting substrate placed under a vacuum atmosphere.
- a composite substrate with excellent durability can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a composite substrate according to one embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure showing an example of a manufacturing process of a composite board concerning one embodiment. It is a figure following FIG. 2A. It is a figure following FIG. 2B. 2 is a cross-sectional observation photograph of the hafnium oxide layer of Example 1. It is a crystal layer map of the cross-sectional observation photograph shown in FIG. 3A.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the general configuration of a composite board according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the composite substrate 100 has a piezoelectric layer 10, a reflective layer 20, and a support substrate 30 in this order.
- the reflective layer 20 includes a high impedance layer with a relatively high acoustic impedance and a low impedance layer with a relatively low acoustic impedance.
- the reflective layer 20 is a laminate of a plurality of impedance layers, and for example, high impedance layers and low impedance layers are stacked alternately.
- the reflective layer 20 includes, from the piezoelectric layer 10 side, a low impedance layer 21, a high impedance layer 22, a low impedance layer 23, a high impedance layer 24, a low impedance layer 25, a high impedance layer 26, a low impedance layer 27, and High impedance layers 28 are provided in this order.
- the low impedance layer 21 is disposed closest to the piezoelectric layer 10
- the high impedance layer 28 is disposed closest to the support substrate 30.
- the reflective layer 20 is a laminate of eight layers in total, including four high impedance layers and four low impedance layers, but the number of impedance layers included in the reflective layer is not limited to this.
- the reflective layer may include at least one high impedance layer and one low impedance layer each having different acoustic impedances.
- the reflective layer has a multilayer structure of four or more layers.
- An amorphous region may be formed in at least one of the high impedance layers included in the reflective layer 20.
- an amorphous region 28a is formed in the high impedance layer 28 located closest to the support substrate 30.
- the composite substrate 100 may further include an arbitrary layer.
- the type, function, number, combination, arrangement, etc. of such layers can be appropriately set depending on the purpose.
- the composite substrate 100 may include a bonding layer disposed between the piezoelectric layer 10 or reflective layer 20 and the support substrate 30.
- Composite substrate 100 may be manufactured in any suitable shape. In one embodiment, it may be manufactured in the form of a so-called wafer.
- the size of composite substrate 100 can be appropriately set depending on the purpose. For example, the diameter of the wafer is between 50 mm and 150 mm.
- A-1. Piezoelectric Layer Any suitable piezoelectric material may be used as the material constituting the piezoelectric layer.
- the piezoelectric material preferably a single crystal having a composition of LiAO 3 is used.
- A is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of niobium and tantalum.
- LiAO 3 may be lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ), lithium tantalate (LiTaO 3 ), or a lithium niobate-lithium tantalate solid solution.
- the normal direction thereof is 123 to 123 from the Y axis to the Z axis, centered on the X axis, which is the propagation direction of surface acoustic waves. It is preferable to use one rotated by 133° (for example, 128°).
- the piezoelectric material is lithium niobate, from the viewpoint of reducing propagation loss, as a piezoelectric layer, the normal direction thereof is from 96 to 96 from the Y axis to the Z axis, centered on the X axis, which is the propagation direction of surface acoustic waves. It is preferable to use one rotated by 114 degrees (for example, 110 degrees).
- the thickness of the piezoelectric layer is, for example, 0.2 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less, preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the reflective layer includes a high impedance layer and a low impedance layer that have different acoustic impedances.
- the acoustic impedance of the high impedance layer is relatively higher than the acoustic impedance of the low impedance layer.
- the acoustic impedance of the material making up the high impedance layer is higher than the acoustic impedance of the material making up the low impedance layer.
- the plurality of low impedance layers that may be included in the reflective layer may each have the same configuration (for example, material, thickness, density), or may have different configurations from each other.
- the plurality of high impedance layers that may be included in the reflective layer may each have the same configuration (eg, material, thickness, density), or may have different configurations.
- amorphous regions may be formed in all high impedance layers that may be included in the reflective layer, or amorphous regions may be selectively formed in some high impedance layers.
- a typical material constituting the low impedance layer is silicon oxide.
- the content of silicon oxide in the low impedance layer is, for example, 97% by weight or more.
- the ratio of oxygen atoms to silicon atoms (O/Si) contained in the low impedance layer is, for example, 1.80 or more and 2.05 or less.
- the composition of the low impedance layer can be confirmed by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). Note that in the analysis, a sample obtained by separately forming a low impedance layer on a suitable substrate under the same conditions may be used.
- the thickness of the low impedance layer is, for example, 0.01 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m, preferably 20 nm to 500 nm, and more preferably 100 nm to 300 nm. Note that, when the reflective layer includes a plurality of low impedance layers, the thickness of the low impedance layer means the thickness of each low impedance layer.
- the low impedance layer typically has regions of granular structure.
- the density of the low impedance layer is preferably 2.4 g/cm 3 or less, more preferably 2.35 g/cm 3 or less. According to such a dense low impedance layer, the difference in acoustic impedance with the high impedance layer can be further widened, and the energy of the elastic wave can be more effectively confined to the piezoelectric layer side. On the other hand, such a dense low impedance layer tends to contain moisture. Specifically, there is a tendency for moisture in the atmosphere to be taken in during film formation.
- the density of the low impedance layer is typically 2.1 g/cm 3 or more.
- At least one low impedance layer included in the reflective layer satisfies the above density, but it is preferable that all low impedance layers included in the reflective layer satisfy the above density.
- the density of the impedance layer can be determined by X-ray reflectance method (XRR).
- the material constituting the high impedance layer examples include hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide, zirconium oxide, and aluminum oxide. Among these, hafnium oxide is preferably used. By using hafnium oxide, the energy of elastic waves can be more effectively confined to the piezoelectric layer side. In one embodiment, the content of hafnium oxide contained in the high impedance layer is, for example, 97% by weight or more.
- the thickness of the high impedance layer is, for example, 0.01 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m, preferably 20 nm to 500 nm, and more preferably 100 nm to 300 nm. Note that, when the reflective layer includes a plurality of high impedance layers, the thickness of the high impedance layer means the thickness of each high impedance layer.
- the thickness of the amorphous region that can be formed in the high impedance layer is, for example, 5 nm or more, preferably 10 nm or more. On the other hand, the thickness of the amorphous region is, for example, 70 nm or less.
- the amorphous region only needs to be formed in at least a portion of the substrate when viewed from the main surface side of the substrate. Specifically, a non-existing region may be formed that is divided or thinner than other regions. Preferably, the amorphous region is formed over the entire substrate when viewed from the main surface side of the substrate.
- the presence or absence of an amorphous region may be determined based on its average thickness. For example, when the average thickness is 10 nm or more, it can be determined that an amorphous region is formed. Note that details of the method for calculating the average thickness will be described later.
- the position of the amorphous region in one high impedance layer is not particularly limited, but typically the amorphous region is formed at the end in the thickness direction.
- the high impedance layer tends to be in an amorphous state in the initial stage of film formation.
- an amorphous region may be formed at an end on the piezoelectric layer side.
- a columnar structure or a granular structure is formed in a region other than the amorphous region of the high impedance layer.
- the columnar structure is composed of a structure (column) extending in a direction at an angle with respect to the substrate surface (in-plane direction) of the composite substrate, and the columnar diameter is, for example, 5 nm or more.
- the granular structure consists of approximately spherical structures.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the area of the columnar structure in one high impedance layer is, for example, 70% or more, preferably 80% or more, and more preferably 90% or more. It is considered that the moisture contained in the low impedance layer can move between the structures forming the high impedance layer. Moisture easily moves between the columnar bodies, and it is thought that the effect of forming the above-mentioned amorphous region can be significantly obtained.
- the impedance layer may be formed by any suitable method.
- the film can be formed by sputtering, physical vapor deposition such as ion beam assisted deposition (IAD), chemical vapor deposition, or atomic layer deposition (ALD).
- IAD ion beam assisted deposition
- ALD atomic layer deposition
- the support substrate may be made of a single crystal or a polycrystal.
- the material constituting the support substrate is preferably selected from the group consisting of silicon, sialon, sapphire, cordierite, mullite, glass, quartz, crystal and alumina.
- the silicon may be single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon, or high resistance silicon.
- the SiAlON is a ceramic obtained by sintering a mixture of silicon nitride and alumina, and has a composition represented by, for example, Si 6-w Al w O w N 8-w .
- Sialon has a composition in which alumina is mixed in silicon nitride, and w in the formula indicates the mixing ratio of alumina. w is preferably 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.
- the sapphire is a single crystal having a composition of Al2O3
- the alumina is a polycrystal having a composition of Al2O3
- the alumina is preferably translucent alumina.
- the cordierite is a ceramic having a composition of 2MgO.2Al 2 O 3.5SiO 2
- the mullite has a composition in the range of 3Al 2 O 3.2SiO 2 to 2Al 2 O 3.SiO 2 It is a ceramic with
- the coefficient of thermal expansion of the material constituting the support substrate is preferably smaller than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the material constituting the piezoelectric layer. According to such a support substrate, it is possible to suppress changes in the shape and size of the piezoelectric layer when the temperature changes, and for example, it is possible to suppress changes in the frequency characteristics of the obtained surface acoustic wave element.
- the thickness of the support substrate is, for example, 100 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m.
- the composite substrate may have a bonding layer.
- the bonding strength of the composite substrate can be improved.
- the material constituting the bonding layer include silicon oxide (Si (1-x) O x ), silicon, tantalum oxide, niobium oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, and hafnium oxide. It is preferable that x in the above Si (1-x) O x satisfies the relationship 0.008 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.408.
- the thickness of the bonding layer is, for example, 0.005 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m.
- the bonding layer can be formed by any suitable method. Specifically, the film can be formed by a method similar to the method for forming the impedance layer described above.
- the composite substrate does not have a bonding layer.
- the reflective layer, the support substrate and the piezoelectric layer are arranged adjacent to each other.
- the reflective layer does not include a bonding layer.
- the composite substrate can have excellent bonding strength by providing the high impedance layer in which the amorphous region is formed. Further, by not having a bonding layer, the process of forming the bonding layer and the cost of forming the bonding layer can be reduced.
- Manufacturing method A method for manufacturing a composite substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention includes forming a low impedance layer on at least one of a piezoelectric substrate and a supporting substrate, and forming an amorphous region on the substrate on which the low impedance layer is formed. and bonding the piezoelectric substrate and the support substrate to form a reflective layer including a low impedance layer and a high impedance layer between the piezoelectric substrate and the support substrate. .
- FIGS. 2A to 2C are diagrams illustrating an example of a manufacturing process for a composite substrate according to one embodiment.
- low impedance layers 21, 23, 25, 27 and high impedance layers 22, 24, 26 are provided on the first main surface 12a of the piezoelectric substrate 12, which has a first main surface 12a and a second main surface 12b facing each other.
- 28 are formed, and the reflective layer 20 is completed.
- An amorphous region 28a is formed in the high impedance layer 28 located farthest from the piezoelectric substrate 12 (preferably on the outermost surface). Since the amorphous region 28a can be well formed in the initial stage of film formation of the high impedance layer 28, it is located at the end on the piezoelectric substrate 12 side in the illustrated example.
- FIG. 2B shows a step of directly bonding the piezoelectric substrate 12 on which the reflective layer 20 is formed and the support substrate 30.
- the bonding surfaces are preferably activated by any appropriate activation treatment.
- the activated surface of the reflective layer 20 and the activated surface of the supporting substrate 30 are brought into contact with each other and are directly bonded by applying pressure. do.
- a composite substrate 110 shown in FIG. 2C is obtained.
- the second main surface 12b of the piezoelectric substrate 12 of the obtained composite substrate 110 is subjected to processing such as grinding or polishing so that the piezoelectric layer has the desired thickness.
- the above activation process is typically performed by irradiating with a neutralization beam.
- a neutralizing beam is generated using a device such as the device described in JP-A-2014-086400, and the activation process is performed by irradiating with this beam.
- a saddle field type high speed atomic beam source is used as the beam source, an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen is introduced into the chamber, and a high voltage is applied to the electrodes from a DC power source.
- an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen
- a high voltage is applied to the electrodes from a DC power source.
- the ion beams are neutralized by the grid, so that a beam of neutral atoms is emitted from the fast atomic beam source.
- the voltage during the activation process by beam irradiation is preferably 0.5 kV to 2.0 kV, and the current during the activation process by beam irradiation is preferably 50 mA to 200 mA.
- the above bonding is preferably performed in a vacuum atmosphere from the viewpoint of obtaining sufficient bonding strength. Specifically, during the activation treatment, it is preferable to place the substrates to be bonded under a vacuum atmosphere.
- the temperature during bonding is typically room temperature. Specifically, the temperature is preferably 20°C or more and 40°C or less, more preferably 25°C or more and 30°C or less.
- the pressure applied during bonding is preferably 100N to 20,000N.
- the above-mentioned vacuum atmosphere refers to, for example, a vacuum degree of 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 Pa or less, preferably a vacuum degree of 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 Pa or less.
- the surface of each layer is a flat surface.
- the surface roughness Ra of the surface of each layer is preferably 1 nm or less, more preferably 0.3 nm or less.
- methods for flattening the surface of each layer include mirror polishing, lap polishing, and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP).
- abrasive residues for example, abrasive residues, process-affected layers, and the like.
- the cleaning method include wet cleaning, dry cleaning, and scrub cleaning.
- scrub cleaning is preferred because it can be cleaned simply and efficiently.
- a cleaning agent for example, Sunwash series manufactured by Lion Corporation
- a scrubbing machine is used using a solvent (for example, a mixed solution of acetone and isopropyl alcohol (IPA)).
- IPA isopropyl alcohol
- the impedance layer constituting the reflective layer is formed on the piezoelectric substrate side, but it is also formed on the supporting substrate side, and the supporting substrate on which the reflective layer is formed and the piezoelectric substrate are bonded to form a composite substrate. You may get it. In this case, it is preferable that the amorphous region is formed in the high impedance layer located farthest from the support substrate. Also, unlike the illustrated example, a part of the impedance layer constituting the reflective layer is formed on the piezoelectric substrate side, a part of the impedance layer constituting the reflective layer is formed on the support substrate side, and these are bonded. A composite substrate may be obtained by this. In this case, it is preferable that the amorphous region is formed in the high impedance layer located farthest from each substrate.
- the bonding layer is not formed from the viewpoint of film formation cost, but it is also possible to bond the piezoelectric substrate and the supporting substrate after forming the bonding layer at any appropriate position (at the right timing). good.
- the bonding layer By forming the bonding layer on the substrate side on which the low impedance layer is formed, the time for the vacuuming process can be further shortened.
- a surface acoustic wave device includes the composite substrate described above.
- a surface acoustic wave element typically includes the composite substrate and an electrode (comb-shaped electrode) provided on the piezoelectric layer side of the composite substrate.
- Such surface acoustic wave elements are suitably used, for example, as SAW filters in communication equipment such as mobile phones.
- the density of the silicon oxide layer is a value measured by the following measuring method. ⁇ Measurement of density> The density of the silicon oxide layer was determined by X-ray reflectance method (XRR). Using a fully automatic multipurpose X-ray diffraction device (Rigaku's "SmartLab"), the incident X-ray wavelength was 0.15418 nm (CuK ⁇ ray), the X-ray output was 45 kV, 200 mA, and the measurement range (angle with the sample surface) was 0. The analysis was conducted under the conditions of .0° to 4.0° and a measurement step of 0.01°.
- XRR X-ray reflectance method
- Example 1 A lithium tantalate (LT) substrate with an orientation flat (OF) part and a diameter of 4 inches and a thickness of 250 ⁇ m (with the propagation direction of surface acoustic waves (SAW) being X and the cutting angle being a rotating Y-cut plate of 128°Y) A cut-X propagation LT substrate) was prepared. The surface of this LT substrate was mirror polished so that the arithmetic mean roughness Ra was 0.3 nm.
- the arithmetic mean roughness Ra is a value measured in a field of view of 10 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 ⁇ m using an atomic force microscope (AFM).
- a silicon oxide layer (thickness: 150 nm, density: 2.32 g/cm 3 ) was formed on the polished surface of the LT substrate.
- a single wafer sputtering device (RF magnetron sputtering method) was used, using a silicon oxide target with a diameter of 10 inches, a power supply of 2 kW, a T-S distance of 65 mm, and a flow rate ratio of oxygen and argon (oxygen flow rate/(oxygen flow rate)).
- the film was formed under conditions of +argon flow rate)) 7%.
- a hafnium oxide layer (thickness: 150 nm) was formed on the surface of the silicon oxide layer.
- a single-wafer sputtering device (RF magnetron sputtering method) was used, using a ⁇ 10 inch hafnium oxide target, with a power source of 2 kW, a T-S distance of 65 mm, and a TS distance of 65 mm so that an amorphous region was formed in the early stage of film formation. Film formation was performed under conditions where the flow rate ratio of oxygen and argon was 3%. In this way, a sample for evaluation was obtained.
- Example 2 A silicon oxide layer (thickness: 150 nm, density: 2.32 g/cm 3 ) and a hafnium oxide layer (thickness: 150 nm) were formed in this order on the polished surface of the LT substrate. Specifically, a single wafer sputtering device (RF magnetron sputtering method) was used, using a ⁇ 10 inch silicon oxide target and a hafnium oxide target, a power supply of 2 kW, a T-S distance of 65 mm, and an oxygen to argon flow rate ratio of 7%. Film formation was performed under these conditions. Thereafter, this film formation was repeated twice.
- RF magnetron sputtering method RF magnetron sputtering method
- a silicon oxide layer (thickness 150 nm, density 2.32 g/cm 3 ) was formed on the surface of the third hafnium oxide layer counting from the LT substrate side under the same conditions as above.
- a hafnium oxide layer (thickness: 150 nm) was formed on the surface under the same conditions as in Example 1 (so that an amorphous region is formed in the initial stage of film formation) to obtain a sample for evaluation.
- Example 3 A silicon oxide layer (thickness: 150 nm, density: 2.32 g/cm 3 ) and a hafnium oxide layer (thickness: 150 nm) were formed in this order on the polished surface of the LT substrate. Specifically, a single wafer sputtering device (RF magnetron sputtering method) was used, using a ⁇ 10 inch silicon oxide target and a hafnium oxide target, a power supply of 2 kW, a T-S distance of 65 mm, and an oxygen to argon flow rate ratio of 7%. Film formation was performed under these conditions. Thereafter, this film formation was repeated once more.
- RF magnetron sputtering method RF magnetron sputtering method
- this silicon oxide layer was A hafnium oxide layer (thickness: 150 nm) was formed on the surface under the same conditions as in Example 1 (so that an amorphous region was formed in the initial stage of film formation).
- a silicon oxide layer was formed on the surface of the No. 3 hafnium oxide layer counting from the LT substrate side under the same conditions as above to obtain an evaluation sample.
- a silicon oxide layer (thickness: 150 nm, density: 2.32 g/cm 3 ) and a hafnium oxide layer (thickness: 150 nm) were formed in this order on the polished surface of the LT substrate.
- a single wafer sputtering device RF magnetron sputtering method
- a power supply of 2 kW, a T-S distance of 65 mm, and an oxygen to argon flow rate ratio of 7% was performed under these conditions. In this way, a sample for evaluation was obtained.
- a silicon oxide layer (thickness: 150 nm, density: 2.32 g/cm 3 ) and a hafnium oxide layer (thickness: 150 nm) were formed in this order on the polished surface of the LT substrate.
- a single wafer sputtering device RF magnetron sputtering method
- a power supply of 2 kW, a T-S distance of 65 mm, and an oxygen to argon flow rate ratio of 7% was performed under these conditions. Thereafter, this film formation was repeated three times to obtain a sample for evaluation.
- the sample for cross-sectional observation was prepared by the FIB method.
- the depth dimension of the sample was set to 40 nm to 50 nm.
- a map of the crystal layer was created from the obtained data using "OIM Analysis" manufactured by EDAX-TSL Solutions.
- an amorphous region is formed at the upper end in the thickness direction of the hafnium oxide layer, and a columnar structure (polycrystalline) is formed in the other regions.
- Example 1 has a shorter time to reach vacuum than Comparative Example 1, and Examples 2 and 3 have shorter times to reach vacuum than Comparative Example 2.
- the composite substrate according to one embodiment of the present invention can be suitably used for a surface acoustic wave element.
- Piezoelectric layer 20 Reflective layer 21 Low impedance layer 22 High impedance layer 23 Low impedance layer 24 High impedance layer 25 Low impedance layer 26 High impedance layer 27 Low impedance layer 28 High impedance layer 30 Support substrate 100 Composite substrate 110 Composite substrate
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Abstract
Description
2.上記1に記載の複合基板において、上記アモルファス領域は、上記高インピーダンス層の厚み方向端部に形成されてもよい。
3.上記2に記載の複合基板において、上記アモルファス領域は、上記高インピーダンス層の上記圧電層側に形成されてもよい。
4.上記1から3のいずれかに記載の複合基板において、上記反射層は複数の高インピーダンス層を含み、少なくとも上記支持基板に最も近くに位置する高インピーダンス層に、上記アモルファス領域が形成されてもよい。
5.上記1から4のいずれかに記載の複合基板の上記反射層において、上記高インピーダンス層と上記低インピーダンス層とは交互に積層されていてもよい。
6.上記1から5のいずれかに記載の複合基板において、上記反射層と上記支持基板とは隣接して配置されてもよい。
7.上記1から6のいずれかに記載の複合基板において、上記高インピーダンス層は、酸化ハフニウム、酸化タンタル、酸化ジルコニウムおよび酸化アルミニウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つを含んでもよい。
8.上記1から7のいずれかに記載の複合基板において、上記高インピーダンス層および上記低インピーダンス層の厚みは、それぞれ0.01μm~1μmであってもよい。
9.上記1から8のいずれかに記載の複合基板において、上記アモルファス領域の平均厚みは10nm以上であってもよい。
10.本発明の別の実施形態による弾性表面波素子は、上記1から9のいずれかに記載の複合基板を有する。
図1は、本発明の1つの実施形態に係る複合基板の概略の構成を示す模式的な断面図である。複合基板100は、圧電層10、反射層20および支持基板30をこの順に有する。反射層20は、相対的に音響インピーダンスが高い高インピーダンス層と相対的に音響インピーダンスが低い低インピーダンス層とを含む。反射層20は、複数のインピーダンス層の積層体であり、例えば、高インピーダンス層と低インピーダンス層とは交互に積層されている。図示例では、反射層20は、圧電層10側から、低インピーダンス層21、高インピーダンス層22、低インピーダンス層23、高インピーダンス層24、低インピーダンス層25、高インピーダンス層26、低インピーダンス層27および高インピーダンス層28を、この順に有する。図示例では、反射層20の各層のうち、低インピーダンス層21が最も圧電層10側に配置され、高インピーダンス層28が最も支持基板30側に配置されている。このような積層構造の反射層20を配置させることにより、弾性波のエネルギーを圧電層10側に効果的に閉じ込めることができる。
上記圧電層を構成する材料としては、任意の適切な圧電性材料が用いられ得る。圧電性材料としては、好ましくは、LiAO3の組成を有する単結晶が用いられる。ここで、Aは、ニオブおよびタンタルからなる群から選択される一種以上の元素である。具体的には、LiAO3は、ニオブ酸リチウム(LiNbO3)であってもよく、タンタル酸リチウム(LiTaO3)であってもよく、ニオブ酸リチウム-タンタル酸リチウム固溶体であってもよい。
上述のとおり、反射層は、音響インピーダンスが異なる高インピーダンス層と低インピーダンス層とを含む。高インピーダンス層の音響インピーダンスは、低インピーダンス層の音響インピーダンスよりも相対的に高い。具体的には、高インピーダンス層を構成する材料の音響インピーダンスは、低インピーダンス層を構成する材料の音響インピーダンスよりも高い。
上記支持基板としては、任意の適切な基板が用いられ得る。支持基板は、単結晶体で構成されてもよく、多結晶体で構成されてもよい。支持基板を構成する材料としては、好ましくは、シリコン、サイアロン、サファイア、コージェライト、ムライト、ガラス、石英、水晶およびアルミナからなる群から選択される。
上述のとおり、複合基板は、接合層を有し得る。接合層を設けることにより、複合基板の接合強度を向上させ得る。接合層を構成する材料としては、例えば、ケイ素酸化物(Si(1-x)Ox)、シリコン、酸化タンタル、酸化ニオブ、酸化アルミニウム、酸化チタン、酸化ハフニウムが挙げられる。上記Si(1-x)Oxにおけるxは、0.008≦x≦0.408の関係を満足することが好ましい。接合層の厚みは、例えば0.005μm~1μmである。
本発明の1つの実施形態に係る複合基板の製造方法は、圧電基板と支持基板の少なくとも一方に、低インピーダンス層を成膜すること、低インピーダンス層が成膜された基板に、アモルファス領域を有する高インピーダンス層を成膜すること、および、圧電基板と支持基板とを接合して圧電基板と支持基板との間に低インピーダンス層および高インピーダンス層を含む反射層を形成すること、を含む。
本発明の実施形態による弾性表面波素子は、上記複合基板を有する。弾性表面波素子は、代表的には、上記複合基板と、上記複合基板の圧電層側に設けられた電極(櫛型電極)とを有する。このような弾性表面波素子は、例えば、SAWフィルタとして携帯電話等の通信機器に好適に用いられる。
<密度の測定>
X線反射率法(XRR)にて酸化ケイ素層の密度を求めた。
全自動多目的X線回折装置(リガク社製の「SmartLab」)を用いて、入射X線波長0.15418nm(CuKα線)、X線出力45kV、200mA、測定範囲(試料表面とのなす角)0.0°~4.0°、測定ステップ0.01°の条件で解析を行った。
オリエンテーションフラット(OF)部を有し、直径4インチで厚み250μmのタンタル酸リチウム(LT)基板(弾性表面波(SAW)の伝搬方向をXとし、切り出し角が回転Yカット板である128°YカットX伝搬のLT基板)を用意した。このLT基板の表面を、算術平均粗さRaが0.3nmとなるように鏡面研磨した。ここで、算術平均粗さRaは、原子間力顕微鏡(AFM)によって10μm×10μmの視野で測定した値である。
その後、酸化ケイ素層の表面に、酸化ハフニウム層(厚み150nm)を成膜した。具体的には、枚葉式スパッタ装置(RFマグネトロンスパッタ法)にて、φ10インチの酸化ハフニウムターゲットを用い、成膜初期にアモルファス領域が形成されるように、電源2kW、T-S距離65mm、酸素とアルゴンの流量比3%の条件にて成膜を行った。
こうして、評価用サンプルを得た。
上記LT基板の研磨面に、酸化ケイ素層(厚み150nm、密度2.32g/cm3)および酸化ハフニウム層(厚み150nm)をこの順に成膜した。具体的には、枚葉式スパッタ装置(RFマグネトロンスパッタ法)にて、φ10インチの酸化ケイ素ターゲットおよび酸化ハフニウムターゲットを用い、電源2kW、T-S距離65mm、酸素とアルゴンの流量比7%の条件にて成膜を行った。その後、この成膜を2回繰り返した。
次いで、LT基板側から数えて、3番目の酸化ハフニウム層の表面に、上記と同様の条件で酸化ケイ素層(厚み150nm、密度2.32g/cm3)を成膜後、この酸化ケイ素層の表面に、実施例1と同様の条件で(成膜初期にアモルファス領域が形成されるように)酸化ハフニウム層(厚み150nm)を成膜し、評価用サンプルを得た。
上記LT基板の研磨面に、酸化ケイ素層(厚み150nm、密度2.32g/cm3)および酸化ハフニウム層(厚み150nm)をこの順に成膜した。具体的には、枚葉式スパッタ装置(RFマグネトロンスパッタ法)にて、φ10インチの酸化ケイ素ターゲットおよび酸化ハフニウムターゲットを用い、電源2kW、T-S距離65mm、酸素とアルゴンの流量比7%の条件にて成膜を行った。その後、この成膜をもう1回繰り返した。
次いで、LT基板側から数えて、2番目の酸化ハフニウム層の表面に、上記と同様の条件で酸化ケイ素層(厚み150nm、密度2.32g/cm3)を成膜後、この酸化ケイ素層の表面に、実施例1と同様の条件で(成膜初期にアモルファス領域が形成されるように)酸化ハフニウム層(厚み150nm)を成膜した。
次いで、LT基板側から数えて、3番の酸化ハフニウム層の表面に、上記と同様の条件で酸化ケイ素層(厚み150nm、密度2.32g/cm3)を成膜し、評価用サンプルを得た。
上記LT基板の研磨面に、酸化ケイ素層(厚み150nm、密度2.32g/cm3)および酸化ハフニウム層(厚み150nm)をこの順に成膜した。具体的には、枚葉式スパッタ装置(RFマグネトロンスパッタ法)にて、φ10インチの酸化ケイ素ターゲットおよび酸化ハフニウムターゲットを用い、電源2kW、T-S距離65mm、酸素とアルゴンの流量比7%の条件にて成膜を行った。
こうして、評価用サンプルを得た。
上記LT基板の研磨面に、酸化ケイ素層(厚み150nm、密度2.32g/cm3)および酸化ハフニウム層(厚み150nm)をこの順に成膜した。具体的には、枚葉式スパッタ装置(RFマグネトロンスパッタ法)にて、φ10インチの酸化ケイ素ターゲットおよび酸化ハフニウムターゲットを用い、電源2kW、T-S距離65mm、酸素とアルゴンの流量比7%の条件にて成膜を行った。その後、この成膜を3回繰り返し、評価用サンプルを得た。
得られた評価用サンプルについて下記の評価を行った。評価結果を表1にまとめる。
1.アモルファス領域形成の有無の判断
ACOM-TEM(Automated Crystal Orientation Mapping-TEM)法にて、LT基板から最も遠くに位置する酸化ハフニウム層におけるアモルファス領域の形成の有無を判断した。具体的には、ショットキー放出型透過電子顕微鏡(日本電子社製の「JEM-2100F」)にて、加速電圧200kV、スポットサイズ1.0nm、カメラ長50cmの条件にて断面観察を行い、Nanomegas社製の「ASTAR2(TOSPIN)」にて、プリセッション角度0.5deg、測定倍率4万倍、間隔2nm/stepの条件で電子顕微鏡を制御し、データを取集した。なお、断面観察用の試料はFIB法により作製した。ここで、結晶構造の帰属をより正しく判断するため、試料の奥行き寸法を40nm~50nmとした。
得られたデータからEDAX-TSL Solutions社製の「OIM Analysis」を用いて、結晶層のマップを作成した。作成した結晶層マップから、酸化ハフニウム層を構成する結晶層の割合P(%)を算出し、酸化ハフニウム層全体の厚みd(nm)からアモルファス領域の平均厚みdA(nm)を下記式により算出した。そして、10nm以上の平均厚みを有する場合をアモルファス領域が形成されたと判断し、10nm未満の平均厚みを有する場合をアモルファス領域が形成されていないと判断した。
dA(nm)=d(nm)×P(%)
一例として、実施例1の断面観察写真を図3Aに示し、その結晶層マップを図3Bに示す。図3Aから、酸化ハフニウム層の厚み方向上端部にはアモルファス領域が形成され、その他の領域においては柱状構造(多結晶)が形成されているのが確認できる。図3Bに示す結晶層マップでは、酸化ハフニウム層上端部に形成されたアモルファス領域の割合は7.5%であり、酸化ハフニウム層全体の厚み150nmからアモルファス領域の平均厚み150×0.075=11.25nmを得た。
得られた評価用サンプルの表面を洗浄した後、これを複合基板の作製に用いられる接合装置の真空チャンバーに投入し、真空度が5×10-6Paに到達するまでの時間(真空引きにかかった時間)を測定した。
20 反射層
21 低インピーダンス層
22 高インピーダンス層
23 低インピーダンス層
24 高インピーダンス層
25 低インピーダンス層
26 高インピーダンス層
27 低インピーダンス層
28 高インピーダンス層
30 支持基板
100 複合基板
110 複合基板
Claims (11)
- 圧電層と、
酸化ケイ素を含む低インピーダンス層および高インピーダンス層を含む反射層と、
支持基板と、をこの順に有し、
前記低インピーダンス層の密度は2.4g/cm3以下であり、
前記高インピーダンス層には、アモルファス領域が形成されている、
複合基板。 - 前記アモルファス領域は、前記高インピーダンス層の厚み方向端部に形成される、請求項1に記載の複合基板。
- 前記アモルファス領域は、前記高インピーダンス層の前記圧電層側に形成される、請求項2に記載の複合基板。
- 前記反射層は複数の高インピーダンス層を含み、少なくとも前記支持基板に最も近くに位置する高インピーダンス層に、前記アモルファス領域が形成されている、請求項1に記載の複合基板。
- 前記反射層において、前記高インピーダンス層と前記低インピーダンス層とは交互に積層されている、請求項1に記載の複合基板。
- 前記反射層と前記支持基板とは隣接して配置される、請求項1に記載の複合基板。
- 前記高インピーダンス層は、酸化ハフニウム、酸化タンタル、酸化ジルコニウムおよび酸化アルミニウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1に記載の複合基板。
- 前記高インピーダンス層および前記低インピーダンス層の厚みは、それぞれ0.01μm~1μmである、請求項1に記載の複合基板。
- 前記アモルファス領域の平均厚みは10nm以上である、請求項1に記載の複合基板。
- 請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の複合基板を有する、弾性表面波素子。
- 圧電基板と支持基板の少なくとも一方に、酸化ケイ素を含み、密度が2.4g/cm3以下の低インピーダンス層を成膜すること、
前記低インピーダンス層が成膜された前記基板に、アモルファス領域を有する高インピーダンス層を成膜すること、および、
前記圧電基板と前記支持基板とを接合し、前記圧電基板と前記支持基板との間に前記低インピーダンス層および前記高インピーダンス層を含む反射層を形成すること、を含み、
前記接合を、前記圧電基板および前記支持基板を真空雰囲気下に置いて行う、
複合基板の製造方法。
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| CN202380025124.2A CN118891824A (zh) | 2022-03-28 | 2023-02-28 | 复合基板、弹性表面波元件以及复合基板的制造方法 |
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| JP2020113954A (ja) * | 2019-01-16 | 2020-07-27 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 弾性波装置 |
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| WO2022044869A1 (ja) * | 2020-08-27 | 2022-03-03 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 弾性波装置 |
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| WO2025258230A1 (ja) * | 2024-06-13 | 2025-12-18 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 弾性波装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP7724364B2 (ja) | 2025-08-15 |
| JPWO2023189103A1 (ja) | 2023-10-05 |
| KR20240154048A (ko) | 2024-10-24 |
| KR20260035213A (ko) | 2026-03-12 |
| JP2025147026A (ja) | 2025-10-03 |
| US20240405743A1 (en) | 2024-12-05 |
| CN118891824A (zh) | 2024-11-01 |
| TW202345521A (zh) | 2023-11-16 |
| KR102920565B1 (ko) | 2026-01-29 |
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