WO2023181772A1 - R-t-b系焼結磁石の製造方法 - Google Patents
R-t-b系焼結磁石の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023181772A1 WO2023181772A1 PCT/JP2023/006577 JP2023006577W WO2023181772A1 WO 2023181772 A1 WO2023181772 A1 WO 2023181772A1 JP 2023006577 W JP2023006577 W JP 2023006577W WO 2023181772 A1 WO2023181772 A1 WO 2023181772A1
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- wire
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
- B24B27/06—Grinders for cutting-off
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
Definitions
- the present application relates to a method for manufacturing an RTB-based sintered magnet.
- RTB system sintered magnet (R is a rare earth element and always contains at least one selected from the group consisting of Nd, Pr, and Ce, T is at least one transition metal and always contains Fe) , B is boron) is a compound formed by the main phase of a compound having a R 2 Fe 14 B type crystal structure, the grain boundary phase located at the grain boundary part of this main phase, and the influence of trace additive elements and impurities. It is composed of phases.
- RTB-based sintered magnets have a high residual magnetic flux density B r (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “B r ”) and a high coercive force H cJ (hereinafter simply referred to as “H cJ ”).
- RTB-based sintered magnets are used in a wide variety of applications such as voice coil motors (VCMs) for hard disk drives, motors for electric vehicles (EV, HV, PHV), motors for industrial equipment, and home appliances. It is used for various purposes.
- VCMs voice coil motors
- EV electric vehicles
- HV electric vehicles
- PHV motors for industrial equipment
- home appliances it is used for various purposes.
- Such RTB-based sintered magnets are manufactured through, for example, a process of preparing alloy powder, a process of press-molding the alloy powder to produce a powder compact, and a process of sintering the powder compact. Ru.
- the alloy powder is produced, for example, by the following method.
- an alloy is manufactured from molten metals of various raw materials by a method such as an ingot method or a strip casting method.
- the obtained alloy is subjected to a pulverization process to obtain an alloy powder having a predetermined particle size distribution.
- This pulverization process usually includes a coarse pulverization process and a fine pulverization process. be exposed.
- the sintered body obtained by the step of sintering the powder compact is then subjected to mechanical processing such as grinding and cutting, and is separated into pieces having the desired shape and size. More specifically, first, R--Fe--B rare earth magnet powder is compression-molded using a press machine to produce a compact that is larger in size than the final magnet product. After the molded body is made into a sintered body through a sintering process, the sintered body is ground into a desired shape using, for example, a cemented carbide blade saw or a rotary grindstone. For example, after first producing a block-shaped sintered body, the sintered body is sliced with a blade saw or the like to cut out a plurality of plate-shaped sintered body parts.
- the sintered bodies of rare earth alloy magnets such as R-Fe-B sintered magnets are extremely hard and brittle, and the processing load is large, so high-precision grinding is a difficult task and the processing time is long. It takes. Furthermore, some material parts are inevitably lost during processing. For this reason, the processing process has been a major cause of increased manufacturing costs.
- Patent Document 1 describes a technique of processing a magnet molded body using a wire saw before sintering.
- a wire saw is a processing technique in which a wire running in one direction or both directions is pressed against a molded body to be processed, and the molded body is ground or cut using abrasive grains between the wire and the molded body. According to this technique, since the powder compact is cut which is much softer and easier to process than the sintered body, the time required for the cutting process is significantly shortened.
- Patent Document 1 uses a wire saw having an outer diameter of 0.1 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less and abrasive grains fixed to this wire, and the oxygen concentration is 5% or more and 18% of the total in terms of molar ratio.
- the following discloses the processing of powder compacts in a controlled inert gas atmosphere. Performing wire saw processing in an inert atmosphere with a controlled oxygen concentration requires complicated equipment and management, and is poor in mass productivity.
- Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a new method for manufacturing RTB-based sintered magnets that enables a wire saw process that does not require preparation of an inert atmosphere.
- the method for manufacturing an RTB-based sintered magnet of the present disclosure includes an RTB-based sintered magnet alloy (R is a rare earth element, consisting of Nd, Pr, and Ce).
- R is a rare earth element, consisting of Nd, Pr, and Ce.
- a pulverizing step of preparing a powder (which always contains at least one selected from the group consisting of: T is at least one transition metal and always includes Fe; and B is boron); and a powder compact using the powder.
- the powder compact submerged in the liquid is cut by a wire running in a horizontal direction, and the wire is moved in an arbitrary cutting direction perpendicular to the running direction to cut one or more curved surfaces. forming a cut surface.
- the cutting step includes dividing the horizontally running wire into a plurality of molded body pieces surrounded by the plurality of cut surfaces by moving the wire in an arbitrary cutting direction perpendicular to the running direction. including the step of
- the maximum traveling speed of the wire is 300 m/min or more.
- the tension of the wire is 29.4 N (3 kgf) or more.
- the moving speed of the wire in the cutting direction is 100 mm/min or more and 800 mm/min or less.
- the moving speed of the wire in the cutting direction when forming the curved surface is 100 mm/min or more and 600 mm/min or less.
- the surface of the wire is of metallic composition.
- the step of preparing the powder compact includes the step of compacting the powder by wet pressing.
- the method further includes a step of recovering the powder particles cut from the powder compact by the cutting step from the liquid.
- the embodiment of the present disclosure it is possible to cut with a wire saw without preparing an inert atmosphere, resulting in excellent mass productivity. Furthermore, it becomes possible to process the powder compact into a curved shape. According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the degree of freedom in designing the shape of the powder compact is improved regardless of the shape of the mold of the press, so it is possible to reduce manufacturing costs while maintaining the characteristics of a high-performance magnet. becomes possible.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing the main steps of the manufacturing method in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the details of the cutting process of the manufacturing method in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of a wire saw device used in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 4A is a front view for explaining the process of cutting a powder compact submerged in a liquid with a wire.
- FIG. 4B is a front view for explaining a process of cutting a powder compact submerged in a liquid with a metal wire.
- FIG. 5A is a side view for explaining a process of cutting a powder compact submerged in a liquid with a wire.
- FIG. 5B is a side view for explaining the process of cutting a powder compact submerged in a liquid with a wire.
- FIG. 6A is a side view for explaining a process of cutting a powder compact submerged in a liquid with a wire.
- FIG. 6B is a side view for explaining the process of cutting a powder compact submerged in a liquid with a wire.
- FIG. 7A is a diagram schematically showing a cut surface formed on the powder compact 10 by a wire saw.
- FIG. 7B is a diagram schematically showing a cut surface formed on the powder compact 10 by a wire saw.
- FIG. 7C is a diagram schematically showing a cut surface formed on the powder compact 10 by a wire saw.
- FIG. 8A is a diagram schematically showing another example of a cut surface formed on the powder compact 10 by a wire saw.
- FIG. 8B is a diagram schematically showing another example of a cut surface formed on the powder compact 10 by a wire saw.
- FIG. 8C is a diagram schematically showing another example of a cut surface formed on the powder compact 10 by a wire saw.
- FIG. 8D is a diagram schematically showing another example of a cut surface formed on the powder compact 10 by a wire saw.
- FIG. 8E is a diagram schematically showing another example of a cut surface formed on the powder compact 10 by a wire saw.
- FIG. 8F is a diagram schematically showing another example of a cut surface formed on the powder compact 10 by a wire saw.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing how wire running speed and cutting speed affect the shape of a molded body piece.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing how wire running speed and cutting speed affect the shape of a molded body piece.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing how the wire traveling speed affects the shape of a molded body piece having a curved surface.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing how the wire running speed affects the shape of a molded piece having a curved surface.
- RTB-based sintered magnet a method for manufacturing an RTB-based sintered magnet according to the present disclosure.
- the method for manufacturing the RTB-based sintered magnet in this embodiment is as shown in the flowcharts of FIGS. 1 and 2.
- ⁇ RTB system sintered magnet alloy R is a rare earth element and always contains at least one selected from the group consisting of Nd, Pr and Ce, T is at least one transition metal and Fe and B is boron).
- the cutting step (S30) includes a first processing step (S32) of cutting the powder compact submerged in the liquid with a running wire to form a first cut surface; A powder compact submerged in a liquid that is the same as or different from the liquid is cut by a wire that is the same as or different from the running wire to form one or more second cut planes that intersect with the first cut plane. 2 processing step (S34).
- such a cutting step (S30) is performed by cutting with a wire running horizontally and moving the wire in an arbitrary cutting direction perpendicular to the running direction, thereby cutting one or more surfaces including curved surfaces. It includes a step of forming a cut surface.
- the cutting step (S30) is a step of dividing the horizontally running wire into a plurality of molded body pieces surrounded by a plurality of cutting surfaces including curved surfaces by moving the wire in an arbitrary cutting direction perpendicular to the running direction. can include.
- liquids such as mineral or synthetic oils.
- a high-speed liquid flow (jet flow) is generated in the area where the powder compact is in contact with the metal wire running at a predetermined speed range, and in the vicinity thereof, which causes the powder compact to It was found that the powder particles that make up the material were scraped off. Some of the powder particles scraped off from the powder compact ride on the high-speed flowing liquid and are sandwiched between the metal wire and the powder compact, exhibiting a grinding function similar to that of free abrasive grains, and forming the powder compact. It is thought to promote the cleavage of Considering the mechanism by which the wire cuts the powder compact in the liquid, it is considered that the shape and form of the surface of the wire are not particularly limited. In other words, the surface of the wire may be smooth like normal piano wire.
- the running speed of the wire is 300 m/min or more, and the tension of the wire at that time is preferably 3 kgf (29.4 N) or more, for example, 15 kgf (147 N) or less. If the running speed of the wire is less than 300 m/min, sufficient flow velocity necessary to cut the powder compact cannot be obtained, and if the tension of the wire is less than 3 kgf, the wire will bend and the flatness of the cut surface will deteriorate. may decrease. If the tension of the wire exceeds 15 kgf, a problem of breakage may occur. Further, in the cutting process, the cutting speed (workpiece feed speed) in the direction perpendicular to the running direction of the wire is preferably 100 mm/min or more. This is because if the cutting speed is less than 100 mm/min, the time required for the cutting process becomes longer and production efficiency decreases.
- the running speed of the wire can be 500 m/min or more.
- the cutting speed can be 150 mm/min or more.
- the moving speed of the wire in the cutting direction when forming a curved surface is preferably 100 mm/min or more and 600 mm/min or less.
- One of the advantages of cutting a powder compact in a liquid is that the temperature rise due to frictional heat at the part where the powder compact and wire come into contact is suppressed, and the generated heat is easily dissipated into the liquid. .
- the powder compact becomes hot due to the frictional heat generated and reacts with oxygen or water vapor in the atmosphere, resulting in an increase in the oxygen concentration in the final sintered magnet and deterioration of the magnetic properties.
- such a problem can be avoided.
- the step of preparing the powder compact includes the step of compacting the powder by wet pressing.
- wet pressing is preferably performed by adding the same type of liquid to the powder as the liquid used in the cutting process. This is because the powder particles cut from the powder compact in the cutting process can be easily recovered from the liquid and reused.
- the surface of the powder compact is processed to make it flat in order to cut in the horizontal and lateral directions before cutting in the vertical and vertical directions. can do.
- At least a portion of the surface (for example, the upper surface) of the powder compact may have irregularities depending on the powder pressing process, and it has been necessary to cut or polish the surface after the sintering process.
- such cutting or polishing steps can be omitted, so it is possible to reduce manufacturing costs while maintaining the characteristics of a high-performance magnet.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of the wire saw device 100 in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the figure shows an X-axis, a Y-axis, and an X-axis that are orthogonal to each other.
- the XY plane is horizontal and the Z axis is oriented vertically.
- the wire saw device 100 in FIG. 3 includes rollers 30a, 30b, and 30c arranged so that their central axes of rotation are parallel to each other, and a single continuous wire 40.
- Each of the rollers 30a, 30b, and 30c is rotatably supported by a support device 50.
- the support device 50 can be moved vertically and vertically (in the positive and negative directions of the Z axis) by a drive device (not shown).
- the drive device may obtain driving force from a hydraulic cylinder or may be operated by a motor. Further, in order to perform cutting along the horizontal lateral direction (X-axis direction), which will be described later, the support device 50 may move in the horizontal lateral direction.
- the powder molded body 10 produced in the molding step (S20) is fixed to the fixing base 20 by a clamp portion (not shown), and placed inside the tank 70 that stores the liquid 60.
- the tank 70 is shown in dashed lines and the height of the surface of the liquid 60 is shown in dotted lines.
- the entire powder compact 10 is immersed in the liquid 60.
- the fixing base 20 may be configured to move in the vertical and horizontal directions.
- the powder compact 10 is not a sintered body but a powder compact (green compact) before being sintered.
- the powder compact is an RTB-based sintered magnet alloy (R is a rare earth element and always contains at least one selected from the group consisting of Nd, Pr, and Ce, and T is at least one transition metal). It is obtained by molding a powder of (which always contains Fe and B is boron) by wet pressing or dry pressing in an orienting magnetic field.
- the rollers 30a, 30b, and 30c are arranged at a predetermined interval so that the rotation center axis is located at the vertex of the triangle when viewed from a direction parallel to the X-axis.
- a plurality of grooves are provided on each side surface of the rollers 31a, 31b, and 31c.
- the wire 40 is wound in order around a plurality of grooves of the rollers 30a, 30b, and 30c.
- the center spacing (pitch) of the plurality of grooves defines the width of the element divided by wire saw cutting. Both ends of the wire 40 are wound around a collection bobbin (not shown), for example.
- the wire 40 in the embodiment of the present disclosure is a metal wire to which no abrasive grains are adhered to the surface.
- the wire includes a wire (core wire) and abrasive grains located on the outer peripheral surface of the wire.
- the average particle diameter of the abrasive grains is, for example, from several ⁇ m to several tens of ⁇ m.
- a typical example of such abrasive grains is artificial diamond, which has a hardness higher than that of rare earth alloys.
- the wire 40 in this embodiment is made of a metal material such as carbon steel, and is subjected to a tension of, for example, 3.0 kgf or more during the cutting process.
- the metal wire material that can be used for the wire 40 may be, for example, piano wire, high-tensile steel wire, or the like.
- the surface of the wire 40 may be plated.
- the diameter of the wire 40 is, for example, in the range of 100 ⁇ m or more and 350 ⁇ m, preferably in the range of 180 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less. If the diameter of the wire 40 is less than 100 ⁇ m, there is a problem in that the wire 40 stretches during cutting due to insufficient strength. The larger the diameter of the wire 40, the better is the ability to discharge chips, but the amount of chips increases, so the diameter is preferably 350 ⁇ m or less.
- rollers 30a, 30b, 30c and the collection bobbin rotate.
- the rotation direction of the rollers 30a, 30b, and 30c depends on their arrangement and how the wire 40 is hung. In the wire saw device 100 shown in FIG. 3, rollers 30a, 30b, and 30c rotate in the same direction.
- the collection bobbin and rollers 30a, 30b, and 30c are rotated in the opposite direction. This causes the wire 40 to move in the opposite direction, and by repeating this, the wire 40 can be reciprocated (moved).
- the step of cutting the powder compact 10 with the wire 40 is performed with the powder compact 10 submerged in the liquid 60.
- the powder compact 10 is a powder compact formed by wet pressing
- a preferable example of the liquid 60 is an oil agent of the same type as the dispersion medium such as an oil agent (mineral oil or synthetic oil) used in the wet press.
- the powder particles constituting the powder compact 10 fall off as chips from the portion cut by the wire 40.
- These chips are powder particles constituting the powder compact 10 that have fallen off from the powder compact 10, and each particle has a rough fracture surface like metal chips (cutting waste). Not that there is.
- the shape and size of the particles constituting the chips scraped off by the wire from the powder compact before sintering are similar to the shape and size of the powder particles used to produce the powder compact 10. The inventor of this application considered reusing this cutting powder.
- the chips are particles whose grains have grown due to sintering or whose composition has changed due to a chemical reaction, or a combination of particles.
- chips obtained from a powder compact before sintering have the same composition and size as other particles contained in the powder compact, and are therefore easier to reuse.
- the powder compact 10 is produced by wet pressing, if wire saw processing is performed in the same type of oil as the dispersant, the collected powder (chips) can be used as is in wet pressing, improving production efficiency. rises.
- S10 Grinding Step In the grinding step (S10), powder of an RTB-based sintered magnet alloy is prepared. Below, the composition of the RTB-based sintered magnet alloy, the process for manufacturing the alloy, and the process for preparing the alloy powder will be explained in order.
- R is a rare earth element and always contains at least one selected from the group consisting of Nd, Pr, and Ce.
- Dy and Tb are particularly effective in improving H cJ .
- other rare earth elements such as La may be contained, and misch metal and didymium may also be used.
- R may not be a pure element, and may contain impurities that are unavoidable in production within an industrially available range.
- the content is, for example, 27% by mass or more and 35% by mass or less.
- the R content of the RTB-based sintered magnet is 31% by mass or less (27% by mass or more and 31% by mass or less, preferably 29% by mass or more and 31% by mass or less).
- the R content of the RTB-based sintered magnet to 31% by mass or less and the oxygen content to 500 ppm or more and 3500 ppm or less (preferably 500 ppm or more and 3200 ppm or less, and more preferably 500 ppm or more and 2500 ppm or less). , higher magnetic properties can be obtained.
- T contains iron (including cases where T consists essentially of iron), and 50% or less of it by mass ratio may be replaced with cobalt (Co) (T consists essentially of iron and cobalt). (including cases). Co is effective in improving temperature characteristics and corrosion resistance, and the alloy powder may contain 10% by mass or less of Co.
- the content of T may occupy the remainder of R and B, or R and B and M, which will be described later.
- the content of B may be any known content, and for example, a preferable range is 0.9% by mass to 1.2% by mass. If it is less than 0.9% by mass, high H cJ may not be obtained, and if it exceeds 1.2% by mass, Br may decrease. Note that a part of B can be replaced with C (carbon).
- an M element can be added to improve H cJ .
- the M element is one or more selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Zr, Nb, Mo, In, Sn, Hf, Ta, and W. .
- the amount of the M element added is preferably 5.0% by mass or less. This is because if it exceeds 5.0% by mass, Br may decrease. Also, unavoidable impurities can be tolerated.
- the content of N (nitrogen) in the RTB-based sintered magnet is preferably 50 ppm or more and 600 ppm or less. Further, the content of C (carbon) in the RTB-based sintered magnet is preferably 50 ppm or more and 1000 ppm or less.
- An alloy ingot can be obtained by an ingot casting method in which a metal or alloy that has been adjusted in advance to have the composition described above is melted and placed in a mold.
- molten metal is brought into contact with a single roll, twin rolls, rotating disk, or rotating cylindrical mold to rapidly cool it to produce a solidified alloy that is thinner than the alloy made by the ingot method, typically the strip casting method or centrifugal casting method. Alloy flakes can be produced by a rapid cooling method.
- materials manufactured by either the ingot method or the quenching method can be used, but it is preferable to manufacture by a quenching method such as a strip casting method.
- the thickness of the rapidly solidified alloy produced by the rapid cooling method is usually in the range of 0.03 mm to 1 mm, and has a flake shape.
- the molten alloy begins to solidify from the surface in contact with the cooling roll (roll contact surface), and crystals grow in columnar shapes in the thickness direction from the roll contact surface. Rapidly solidified alloys are cooled in a shorter time than alloys (ingot alloys) produced by conventional ingot casting methods (mold casting methods), so they have finer structures and smaller crystal grain sizes. Also, the area of grain boundaries is wide.
- the rapid cooling method has excellent dispersibility of the R-rich phase. For this reason, it is easy to fracture at grain boundaries by hydrogen pulverization.
- the size of the hydrogen pulverized powder (coarsely pulverized powder) can be reduced to, for example, 1.0 mm or less.
- the coarsely pulverized powder thus obtained is finely pulverized using, for example, a jet mill.
- the rare earth alloy powder for RTB sintered magnets is active and easily oxidized.
- gases used in jet mills include nitrogen, argon, helium, etc., in order to avoid the risk of heat generation and ignition, and to reduce the oxygen content as an impurity and improve the performance of the magnet.
- An inert gas is used.
- the material to be pulverized (coarsely pulverized powder) fed into a jet mill is, for example, pulverized into a fine powder having a particle size distribution with an average particle size (median diameter: d50) of 2.0 ⁇ m or more and 4.5 ⁇ m or less, and then is captured in a cyclone. It will be moved to a collection device. Cyclone collectors are used to separate powder from the airflow that carries it. Specifically, coarsely pulverized powder of RTB-based sintered magnet alloy is pulverized in a jet mill in the previous stage, and the fine powder generated by pulverization is sent to a cyclone collection device along with the gas used for pulverization. Supplied.
- a mixture of inert gas (grinding gas) and pulverized fine powder forms a high-speed airflow and is sent to a cyclone collector.
- a cyclone collector is used to separate these grinding gases and fine powders.
- the fine powder separated from the grinding gas is collected by a powder collector.
- S20 Molding process In the molding process (S20), a powder compact is produced using the powder obtained in the pulverizing process (S10).
- a powder compact is produced from the above powder by pressing in a magnetic field.
- pressing in a magnetic field from the viewpoint of suppressing oxidation, it is preferable to form a powder compact by pressing in an inert gas atmosphere or wet pressing.
- wet pressing the surfaces of the particles constituting the powder compact are coated with a dispersant such as an oil agent to suppress contact with oxygen and water vapor in the atmosphere. Therefore, it is possible to prevent or suppress the particles from being oxidized by the atmosphere before, during or after the pressing process.
- a slurry of fine powder mixed with a dispersion medium is prepared, and the slurry is supplied to a cavity in a mold of a wet pressing device and press-molded in a magnetic field.
- the powder compact thus formed has a density of, for example, 4 g/cm 3 or more and 5 g/cm 3 or less.
- a dispersion medium is a liquid in which a slurry can be obtained by dispersing alloy powder.
- Mineral oil or synthetic oil can be mentioned as a preferred dispersion medium used in the present disclosure.
- the type of mineral oil or synthetic oil is not specified, but if the kinematic viscosity at room temperature exceeds 10 cSt, the increased viscosity will strengthen the bonding force between the alloy powders, which will affect the orientation of the alloy powder during wet compaction in a magnetic field. may have a negative impact. Therefore, the kinematic viscosity of the mineral oil or synthetic oil at room temperature is preferably 10 cSt or less.
- the fractionation point of mineral oil or synthetic oil exceeds 400° C., it becomes difficult to remove oil after obtaining a molded body, and the amount of residual carbon in the sintered body may increase, resulting in a decrease in magnetic properties. Therefore, the fractionation point of mineral oil or synthetic oil is preferably 400°C or lower.
- vegetable oil may be used as a dispersion medium. Vegetable oil refers to oil extracted from plants, and the type of plant is not limited to a specific plant.
- a slurry can be obtained by mixing the obtained alloy powder and a dispersion medium.
- the concentration of the alloy powder in the slurry is preferably 70% or more (ie, 70% by mass or more) in terms of mass ratio. This is because at a flow rate of 20 to 600 cm 3 /sec, the alloy powder can be efficiently supplied into the cavity and excellent magnetic properties can be obtained.
- the concentration of the alloy powder in the slurry is preferably 90% or less in terms of mass ratio.
- the method of mixing the alloy powder and the dispersion medium is not particularly limited. The alloy powder and the dispersion medium may be prepared separately, and a predetermined amount of both may be weighed and mixed together.
- a container containing a dispersion medium is placed at the alloy powder outlet of the jet mill or other grinding device, and the alloy powder obtained by pulverizing may be collected directly into a dispersion medium in a container to obtain a slurry.
- the atmosphere in the container is also made of nitrogen gas and/or argon gas, and the obtained alloy powder is directly collected into a dispersion medium without being exposed to the atmosphere to form a slurry.
- a slurry consisting of the alloy powder and the dispersion medium by wet-pulverizing the coarsely pulverized powder while it is held in a dispersion medium using a vibration mill, a ball mill, an attritor, or the like.
- a powder compact having a predetermined size and shape can be obtained.
- this powder compact is usually sintered to obtain a sintered body, but in this embodiment, the powder compact is divided by a wire saw device before sintering, as described below.
- S30 Cutting process In the cutting process (S30), the powder compact is cut and divided into a plurality of compact pieces.
- FIG. 3 The cutting of the powder compact in this step is performed by, for example, a wire saw device shown in FIG. 3.
- 4A and 4B are front views for explaining the process of cutting the powder compact 10 submerged in the liquid 60 with the wire 40, respectively.
- FIG. 4A shows the state before the cutting process starts
- FIG. 4B shows the state in the middle of the cutting process.
- a broken line inside the powder compact 10 shown in FIG. 4B schematically indicates the position of the wire 40 while cutting the powder compact 10.
- the powder compact 10 is divided into a plurality of compact pieces.
- the wire 40 moves in a direction perpendicular to the running direction of the wire 40 (negative direction of the Z-axis) while running at a predetermined speed in the Y-axis direction.
- the direction perpendicular to the running direction of the wire 40 is the cutting direction, and the speed in this direction (cutting speed) is set to, for example, 100 mm/min or more.
- the running wire 40 is moving in the negative direction of the Z-axis with respect to the powder compact 10 in a stationary state, but the powder compact 10 is moving along the Z-axis together with the fixing base 20. may be lifted in the positive direction.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are side views for explaining the process of cutting the powder compact 10 submerged in the liquid 60 with the wire 40, respectively.
- FIG. 5A shows the state before the cutting process starts
- FIG. 5B shows the state during the cutting process.
- one powder compact 10 is divided into eight compact pieces.
- the diameter of the wire 40 is, for example, 100 ⁇ m or more and 350 ⁇ m or less.
- the running speed of the wire 40 (wire linear speed) may be set, for example, in a range of 100 m/min or more and 800 m/min or less.
- the cutting speed (the feeding speed of the wire with respect to the powder compact 10 in the negative direction of the Z axis in FIG. 3) may be set, for example, in a range of 100 mm/min or more and 600 mm/min or less.
- the tension applied to the wire 40 is, for example, 3 kgf or more and 15 kgf or less. The tension can be adjusted, for example, by adjusting the distance of roller 30c with respect to rollers 30a and 30b.
- the powder compact 10 By cutting with a wire saw, the powder compact 10 can be divided into compact pieces having a thickness of about 1 to 10 mm, for example.
- the thickness of the compact piece is determined by the spacing of the wires 40 and the diameter of the wires 40, as shown in FIG. 5B.
- Performing wire saw processing in liquid also has the advantage of facilitating the discharge of cutting chips.
- cutting can be performed while the powder compact 10 is immersed in the dispersion medium (mineral oil or synthetic oil) used when producing the powder compact 10 by wet pressing (cutting in oil).
- the powder particles precipitated in the liquid during wire saw processing can be recovered, and the recovered powder particles can be reused as they are in the molding process.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B are side views for explaining the process of horizontally cutting the powder compact 10 submerged in the liquid 60 with the wire 40.
- the rollers 30a, 30b, and 30c are moving in the horizontal direction (in the direction of the rotation axis of each roller) relative to the powder compact 10 during the cutting process.
- the surface of the powder compact 10 can be made flat by making horizontal incisions using the wire 40. At least a portion of the surface (for example, the upper surface) of the powder compact 10 may have irregularities depending on the powder pressing process.
- a "filter cloth” is placed between the punch and the powder, and a dispersant (oil agent) is passed through the filter cloth. may be discharged. In that case, irregularities may be formed on the upper surface of the obtained powder compact by the filter cloth.
- FIGS. 7A to 7C are diagrams schematically showing cut surfaces formed on the powder compact 10 by a wire saw.
- the running wire 40 moves along the broken line 11c in FIG. 7A with respect to the powder compact 10 submerged in the liquid 60.
- the rough surface region 10T of the powder compact 10 is cut thinly to form a first cut surface 11 perpendicular to the Z-axis direction.
- the step (second treatment step) described with reference to FIGS. 5A and 5B a plurality of second cut surfaces 12 that intersect with the first cut surface 11 are formed.
- the second cut surface 12 is formed by moving the running wire along the broken line 12c.
- the first treatment step and the second treatment step may be performed using the same wire saw device or different wire saw devices.
- the powder compact in the second treatment step, may be cut by the same wire while being submerged in the same liquid as that in which it was submerged in the first treatment step, or it may be cut by the same wire while the powder compact is submerged in the same liquid as the one in the first treatment step.
- the wires may be cut by different wires while the wires are in the same state.
- the first cutting surface 11 is parallel to the horizontal plane
- the second cutting surface 12 is perpendicular to the first cutting surface 11.
- the respective orientations of the first cut surface 11 and the second cut surface 12 are not limited to this example.
- the second cutting speed is preferably, for example, 100 mm/min or more and 800 mm/min or less.
- the technical effect of performing the first processing step of cutting the powder compact in the liquid horizontally and laterally before performing the second processing step of cutting the powder compact in the vertical and vertical directions is that It can be obtained not only when using a wire but also when using a wire in which abrasive grains are fixed to the surface of a metal wire.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a step of dividing the molded product into a plurality of pieces.
- the rollers 30a, 30b, 30c that rotate the wire 40 and the support device 50 can move simultaneously in both the Z-axis direction and the X-axis direction.
- the wire 40 moves in the negative direction of the Z-axis while moving in the positive direction of the X-axis.
- a downwardly convex curved cut surface is formed in the powder compact 10.
- an arbitrary curved surface can be formed by gradually changing the moving speed in the Z-axis direction.
- one compact piece is formed from one powder compact 10, but the present invention is not limited to this example.
- a plurality of molded body pieces can be formed from one powder molded body 10.
- the shape and size of the molded body piece to be formed are not limited to the illustrated example.
- each of the plurality of molded body pieces is sintered to produce a plurality of sintered bodies. That is, the individual molded body pieces cut by the above-mentioned wire saw process are sintered to obtain an RTB type sintered magnet (sintered body).
- the sintering process of the molded body piece is performed at a temperature of, for example, 1000°C to 1150°C under a pressure of, for example, 0.13 Pa (10 -3 Torr) or less, preferably 0.07 Pa (5.0 ⁇ 10 -4 Torr) or less.
- RTB-based sintered magnet is subjected to a grinding/polishing process, a surface treatment process, and a magnetization process, as necessary, to produce the final RTB-based sintered magnet.
- the magnet is completed.
- the method for manufacturing an RTB-based sintered magnet of the present disclosure includes introducing a heavy rare earth element RH (RH is at least one of Tb, Dy, and Ho) from the surface of the sintered body into the inside.
- the method further includes a step of diffusing. By diffusing the heavy rare earth element RH from the surface of the sintered body into the interior, the coercive force can be efficiently increased.
- the method of the diffusion step is not particularly limited. A known method can be adopted.
- the powder compact was divided into eight compact pieces using a wire (metal wire made of piano wire) having a diameter of 250 ⁇ m. Cutting with a wire saw was performed while the powder compact was submerged in a liquid (the same liquid as the mineral oil used during molding was used). Each powder compact was cut with eight wires (multi-wire) running in parallel. The tension applied to the wire during cutting was 10 kg, and the roller spacing was 250 mm.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing how the wire running speed and cutting speed affect the shape of the molded body piece.
- the horizontal axis of the graph is the wire running speed [m/min], and the vertical axis is the cutting speed [mm/min].
- the "x” shown in this graph means that a "crack” has occurred in a part of the molded body piece divided by wire saw cutting, and the " ⁇ ” means that such a crack has occurred in the molded body piece. This means that the molded product could be divided into good-shaped pieces without any occurrence.
- the maximum running speed of the wire is preferably 300 m/min or more.
- the diameter of the wire is preferably 200 ⁇ m or more. Note that as the diameter of the wire increases, the cutting margin increases, but normal cutting is possible.
- FIG. 10 shows the experimental results when the upper surface area of the powder compact was cut horizontally in oil using a single wire as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B.
- Transverse feed is the cutting speed in the horizontal lateral direction
- linear speed is the running speed of the wire.
- a crack-free molded piece could be obtained at a cutting speed of 100 to 300 mm/min at a running speed of 300 m/min.
- a running speed of 500 m/min it was possible to obtain molded pieces without cracks at cutting speeds of 300 mm to 500/min.
- a crack-free molded piece could be obtained at a cutting speed of 500 mm/min.
- the powder compact In order to cut off the vicinity of the top surface of the powder compact by "transverse feeding", it is preferable that the powder compact has sufficient "hardness".
- the hardness of a powder compact can be evaluated based on, for example, the compaction pressure or density during powder compaction. It has been found that when the density of the powder compact in air is less than 4 g/cm 3 , there is a problem in that the cut surface is not smooth. For this reason, it is preferable that the density of the powder compact is 4 g/cm 3 or more.
- FIGS. 11 and 12 are graphs showing how the speed of wire movement in the cutting direction affects the shape of a molded piece having a curved surface when forming a molded piece having a semi-cylindrical shape. .
- the data in FIG. 11 was obtained when the wire tension was 9 kgf (88.2 N), and the data in FIG. 12 was obtained when the wire tension was 12 kgf (117.6 N).
- the diameter of the wire is 250 ⁇ m.
- the incision made by the wire was advanced in the direction of increasing the position (coordinate) in the X-axis direction. It can be seen that the position of the cut plane deviates from the target position in the latter half of the cut. The cause of this is the bending of the wire.
- the wire moving speed in the cutting direction is 100 mm/min or more and 600 mm/min or less, the desired curved shape can be cut with a high yield by adjusting the wire tension.
- the tension is preferably 9 kgf (88.2 N) or more. Further, it is preferable that the wire moving speed in the cutting direction is 540 mm/min or less.
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Abstract
Description
・R-T-B系焼結磁石用合金(Rは希土類元素であり、Nd、PrおよびCeからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つを必ず含み、Tは遷移金属の少なくとも1つでありFeを必ず含み、Bはホウ素である)の粉末を準備する粉砕工程(S10)と、
・粉砕工程(S10)で得られた粉末を用いて粉末成形体を作製する成形工程(S20)と、
・粉末成形体を切断し、複数の成形体片に分割する切断工程(S30)と、
・複数の成形体片のそれぞれを焼結して複数の焼結体を作製する焼結工程(S40)と、
を含む。
前記液体と同一または異なる液体中に沈めた粉末成形体を、走行する前記ワイヤと同一または異なるワイヤによって切断し、第1切断面に対して交差する1または複数の第2切断面を形成する第2処理工程(S34)とを含む。
粉砕工程(S10)では、R-T-B系焼結磁石用合金の粉末を準備する。以下、R-T-B系焼結磁石用合金の組成、合金の製造工程、および合金の粉末を準備する工程を順に説明する。
Rは希土類元素であり、Nd、PrおよびCeからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つを必ず含む。好ましくは、Nd-Dy、Nd-Tb、Nd-Dy-Tb、Nd-Pr-Dy、Nd-Pr-Tb、Nd-Pr-Dy-Tb、Nd-Ce-Dy、Nd-Ce-Tb、Nd-Ce-Dy-Tb、Nd-Pr-Ce-Dy、Nd-Pr-Ce-Tb、Nd-Pr-Ce-Dy-Tbで示される希土類元素の組合せを用いる。
R-T-B系焼結磁石用合金の製造工程を例示する。上述した組成となるように事前に調整した金属または合金を溶解し、鋳型に入れるインゴット鋳造法により合金インゴットを得ることができる。また、溶湯を単ロール、双ロール、回転ディスクまたは回転円筒鋳型等に接触させて急冷し、インゴット法で作られた合金よりも薄い凝固合金を作製するストリップキャスト法または遠心鋳造法に代表される急冷法により合金フレークを製造することができる。
R-T-B系焼結磁石用の希土類合金の粉末は活性であり、酸化しやすい。このため、ジェットミルで使用される気体としては、発熱・発火の危険性の回避、不純物としての酸素含有量を低減させて磁石の高性能化を図るため、例えば、窒素、アルゴン、ヘリウムなどの不活性ガスが用いられる。
成形工程(S20)では、粉砕工程(S10)で得られた粉末を用いて粉末成形体を作製する。
分散媒は、その内部に合金粉末を分散させることによりスラリーを得ることができる液体である。
得られた合金粉末と分散媒とを混合することでスラリーを得ることができる。
切断工程(S30)では、粉末成形体を切断し、複数の成形体片に分割する。
焼結工程(S40)では、複数の成形体片のそれぞれを焼結して複数の焼結体を作製する。すなわち、上記のワイヤソー工程によって切断された個々の成形体片を焼結してR-T-B系焼結磁石(焼結体)を得る。成形体片の焼結工程は、例えば、0.13Pa(10-3Torr)以下、好ましくは0.07Pa(5.0×10-4Torr)以下の圧力下で、例えば温度1000℃~1150℃の範囲で行うことができる。焼結による酸化を防止するために、雰囲気の残留ガスは、ヘリウム、アルゴンなどの不活性ガスにより置換され得る。得られた焼結体に対しては時効処理などの付加的な熱処理を行うことが好ましい。このような熱処理により、磁気特性を向上させることができる。熱処理温度、熱処理時間などの熱処理条件は、公知の条件を採用することができる。こうして得たR-T-B系焼結磁石に対しては、必要に応じて、研削・研磨工程、表面処理工程、および着磁工程が施され、最終的なR-T-B系焼結磁石が完成する。
Nd:22.6%、Pr:7.8%、B:0.9%、Co:0.5%、Al:0.1%、Cu:0.2%、Ga:0.4%(いずれも質量%)、残部Feの組成となるように各元素の原料を秤量し、ストリップキャスティング法により合金を作製した。得られた合金を水素粉砕し粗粉砕粉を得た。
Claims (9)
- R-T-B系焼結磁石用合金(Rは希土類元素であり、Nd、PrおよびCeからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つを必ず含み、Tは遷移金属の少なくとも1つでありFeを必ず含み、Bはホウ素である)の粉末を準備する粉砕工程と、
前記粉末を用いて粉末成形体を作製する成形工程と、
前記粉末成形体を切断し、複数の成形体片に分割する切断工程と、
前記複数の成形体片のそれぞれを焼結して複数の焼結体を作製する焼結工程と、
を含み、
前記切断工程は、
液体中に沈めた前記粉末成形体を、水平方向に走行するワイヤによって切断し、ワイヤを走行方向に垂直な任意の切込方向に移動させることにより、曲面を含む1または複数の切断面を形成する工程を含む、R-T-B系焼結磁石の製造方法。 - 前記切断工程は、水平方向に走行する前記ワイヤを走行方向に垂直な任意の切込方向に移動させることにより、前記複数の切断面に囲まれた複数の成形体片に分割する工程を含む、請求項1に記載のR-T-B系焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記切断工程において、前記ワイヤの最高走行速度は300m/分以上である、請求項1または2に記載のR-T-B系焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記切断工程において、前記ワイヤの張力は29.4N(3kgf)以上である、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載のR-T-B系焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記切込み方向における前記ワイヤの移動速度は、100mm/分以上800mm/分以下である、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載のR-T-B系焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記曲面を形成するときの前記切込み方向における前記ワイヤの移動速度は、100mm/分以上600mm/分以下である、請求項5に記載のR-T-B系焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記ワイヤの表面は金属組成である、請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載のR-T-B系焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記粉末成形体を準備する工程は、湿式プレスによって前記粉末を成形する工程を含む、請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載のR-T-B系焼結磁石の製造方法。
- 前記切断工程によって前記粉末成形体から削られた前記粉末の粒子を前記液体中から回収する工程を更に含む、請求項1から8のいずれか1項に記載のR-T-B系焼結磁石の製造方法。
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002036113A (ja) * | 2000-07-25 | 2002-02-05 | Sumitomo Special Metals Co Ltd | 希土類合金の切断方法および希土類合金磁石の製造方法 |
| JP2003303728A (ja) * | 2001-07-31 | 2003-10-24 | Sumitomo Special Metals Co Ltd | 焼結磁石の製造方法 |
| JP2005268668A (ja) * | 2004-03-19 | 2005-09-29 | Tdk Corp | 希土類焼結磁石の製造方法及び製造装置 |
| JP2006283100A (ja) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-19 | Tdk Corp | 希土類合金粉成形体の切断方法 |
| JP2021155811A (ja) * | 2020-03-27 | 2021-10-07 | 日立金属株式会社 | R−t−b系焼結磁石の製造方法 |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002036113A (ja) * | 2000-07-25 | 2002-02-05 | Sumitomo Special Metals Co Ltd | 希土類合金の切断方法および希土類合金磁石の製造方法 |
| JP2003303728A (ja) * | 2001-07-31 | 2003-10-24 | Sumitomo Special Metals Co Ltd | 焼結磁石の製造方法 |
| JP2005268668A (ja) * | 2004-03-19 | 2005-09-29 | Tdk Corp | 希土類焼結磁石の製造方法及び製造装置 |
| JP2006283100A (ja) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-19 | Tdk Corp | 希土類合金粉成形体の切断方法 |
| JP2021155811A (ja) * | 2020-03-27 | 2021-10-07 | 日立金属株式会社 | R−t−b系焼結磁石の製造方法 |
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