WO2023181585A1 - Energy gas/liquid generation vertical furnace system and generation method, fuel production method, transport device, and method - Google Patents

Abstract

In the present invention, 30 mass% of biomass and 70 mass% of non-biomass material are charged into a vertical furnace 10 of an energy gas/liquid-generating vertical furnace system from above by a charging device 30. The charged materials contain 15 to 75 mass% of moisture; at least air or other oxygen-containing gas is blown into the vertical furnace 10 through a lower tuyere 22a; and at least one or more selected from among oxygen/oxygen-enriched air or preheated air, energy liquid, and energy gas are blown in through a middle tuyere 22m and an upper tuyere 22u respectively. The temperature inside a furnace lower part of the vertical furnace 10 is maintained at a high temperature at which hydrogen gas can be generated by means of reduction of water in the furnace. A transport device on which the vertical furnace system is mounted. A method for producing fuel with use of the energy gas/liquid generated using the vertical furnace system.

Description

Energy gas or liquid production vertical furnace system and production method, fuel production method, transportation device and method

The present invention relates to a vertical furnace system and production method, a fuel production method, a transportation device, and a method for producing and utilizing energy gas or energy liquid using biomass and other raw materials.

Japanese Patent No. 6206822 discloses that two or more vertical furnaces are connected in series, the first vertical furnace is referred to as "front furnace 1", and the furnaces after the first vertical furnace are referred to as "after furnace 2". A multi-stage vertical furnace system with a pressure control system is disclosed in which the outflow gas pressure at the outlet of the front furnace is increased to +49.03 Pa or more and +88257.42 Pa or less than the internal pressure of the after furnace.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2004-155915 discloses that cows that are at risk of suffering from bovine spongiform encephalopathy, the meat and bone meal produced by them, livestock products, and discarded livestock products such as internal organs after slaughtering or excreted filth are heated to a high temperature of 1200 to 2600 degrees Celsius. waste livestock products, in which the high-temperature molten reducing gas is gasified in a melting furnace, the basicity of the molten slag is controlled to 0.4 to 1.4 with SiO ₂ components, and the high-temperature molten reducing gas is recovered as an energy resource; A method for high temperature smelting reduction gasification of the waste is disclosed.

JP-A No. 2005-283072 discloses that a vertical furnace has a bed filled with coke at the bottom, and a layer of waste deposited on top of the bed of coke is partially combusted with oxygen-containing gas to produce combustible gas. In a coke bed type gasification and melting furnace, the temperature at the top of the deposited layer is controlled at 800℃ or higher by blowing oxygen with an oxygen concentration of 90% or more through the tuyere, and the combustible gas is discharged from the gasification and melting furnace. A method of utilizing gasification and melting furnace gas is disclosed in which the gasification and melting furnace gas is mixed with a gas used in a steelworks to form a mixed gas, and the mixed gas is used as fuel within the steelworks.

Table 1 shows the results of "blast furnaces using coke" that use coal, a typical fossil fuel, as raw material. This is a table of data when the use of fossil fuel coke is reduced and ``biomass chips'' and sludge fuel are input in place of coke-using blast furnaces.

The amount of coke reduced when biomass chips are introduced is only a maximum of approximately 21g/t. Most of them used coke made from coal. Until now, blast furnace technology has only slightly replaced biomass.

W2015/012302 includes a vertical cylindrical charcoal water gas generator 1 having a combustion chamber 7, a reduction layer 9 and a drying layer 10, and respective supplies for supplying charcoal, water and air to the charcoal water gas generator. In the charcoal water gas production apparatus, the reduction layer and the combustion chamber are arranged in a concentric cylindrical shape with the combustion chamber outside and a heat transfer wall 16 interposed therebetween, and a heat exchanger 12 is provided inside the combustion chamber. , either supply water to this heat exchanger to generate high-temperature, high-pressure superheated steam, or supply water from a raw water tank to the heat exchanger to generate steam, and then heat this steam through an induction heating device. A method and apparatus for producing charcoal water gas in which superheated steam is generated by heating and a water gas reaction is carried out by introducing this superheated steam into the reduction layer 9, and a fuel using the same production method and apparatus. A battery power generation system is disclosed.

FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the charcoal water gas production apparatus shown in W2015/012302, and in the figure,
1. Charcoal water gas generator body (overall)
2. Charcoal inlet top cover 3. Combustion air suction port at startup 4. Charcoal inlet and combustion air hole 5. Ash outlet 6. Lattice 7. Oxidation layer (combustion chamber)
8. _CO2 gas9. Reduction layer 10. Drying layer 11. Ash layer 12. Water pipe 13. Lower cylindrical part 14. Charcoal water gas outlet (CO, _H2 , etc.)
15. Upper cylindrical part 16. Heat transfer wall 17. This is a flange joint. The operating temperature range of this device is 800°C to 900°C in "9 reduction layer". This equipment also generates charcoal incineration ash in the "11 ash layer".

“Start of demonstration of rice husk gasification power generation system to realize resource recycling agriculture” (November 14, 2019 Yanmar Co., Ltd.) will generate heat and electricity by utilizing rice husks, which are waste generated during rice cultivation. A rice husk gasification power generation system is disclosed.

The technology described in this document is the previously unavailable "rice grain gasification power generation technology" (Presentation material of the Biomass Utilization Promotion Specialist Committee) [March 29, 2019 Yanmar Energy System Co., Ltd. Solution Promotion Office Technology Development Department Gasification It was also listed in the group Hiroaki Wakisaka.

This technology aims to gasify rice husks and generate gas to generate electricity. The temperature inside the furnace is approximately 600°C to 800°C. For example, when 1000 kg of rice husks are processed for one hour, the generated gas is 1280 Mm ³ /h and the power generation amount is 390 kW, but there is a problem that a large amount of rice husk char (incinerated ash) is generated at this time.

"Tetsu to Hagane" No. 68 (1982) No. 15 [Commentary] Brazilian Charcoal Steel Manufacturing (1982 ISIJ Kawasaki Steel, Ryoichi Taniguchi, Yasufumi Serizawa) states that in Brazil, the pig iron production of coke blast furnaces exceeds that of charcoal blast furnaces. It is stated that the production volume of charcoal pig iron began to significantly exceed that after 1976, and even in 1982, the production volume of charcoal pig accounted for 35-40% of the total production volume of pig iron.

As shown in the documents on charcoal iron manufacturing in Brazil, blast furnaces for iron manufacturing have traditionally been carried out using coal, coke, or charcoal as the main raw materials. This material uses charcoal, and in this way, the premise of blast furnaces has been to ``pre-process'' wood, which is biological, into charcoal, or ``charcoalize'' it.

Figure 11 shows the gasifier shown in Makoto Houki's rice husk gasification power generation system in the Philippines (Environmental Technology vol.35 No.6 2006).
1. Motor 2. Hopper 3. Gas outlet 4. Level sensor 5. Rotating blade 6. Fuel conveyor7. Thermocouple8. Ash removal conveyor9. Ash removal blade 10. Air supply port 11. Motor 12. This is the ash exit. The temperature inside the furnace is approximately 600°C to 800°C. This technique also has the problem of generating incineration ash.

Development of _CO2 reduction technology using biomass in shaft furnace type gasification and melting furnace - Application examples of biomass chips and sludge fuel - (Nippon Steel & Sumikin Engineering Technical Report Vol. 6 (2015) 11 Koichi Noda et al.) A shaft furnace type gasification and melting furnace, which is one of the waste gasification and melting technologies, can process a variety of wastes and can significantly reduce the amount of final disposal. It has been reported that by applying biomass chips and sludge fuel, each has the effect of partially substituting coke and can reduce _CO2 .

Incineration ash is generated in conventional equipment or systems that produce energy gas or liquid using plants, wood, or other biomass as an energy source, as described above.

Regarding the disposal of the incinerated ash, safety, hygiene, environment, and processing costs are required, such as the installation of "final disposal sites and facilities for incinerated ash" or the "installation and processing of processing equipment for reuse of incinerated ash." These problems have been a major obstacle and problem to the effective use of plants, wood, and other biomass.

Patent No. 6206822 JP2004-155915 JP2005-283072 W2015/012302A1

The present invention relates to a vertical furnace system and method for producing energy gas or energy liquid safely and at low cost using biomass and other raw materials, and a method for producing fuel using the produced energy gas or liquid. , an object of the present invention is to provide a transportation device equipped with the vertical furnace system, and a transportation method using energy gas or energy liquid produced by the production method on the transportation device.

The present invention can be expressed, for example, as follows.

(1) A vertical furnace whose height inside the furnace exceeds the diameter or equivalent diameter of the lower part of the furnace;
The vertical furnace is equipped with a charging device for charging biomass or biomass and non-biomass substances from above the upper part of the vertical furnace or the lower part of the furnace,
The biomass and non-biomass substances inputted into the vertical furnace by the input device are such that the biomass is 10 to 100% by mass, and the non-biomass substance is 0 to 90% by mass as the balance,
the combined biomass and non-biomass material input has moisture;
The vertical furnace is provided with at least a lower tuyere as a tuyere, and the lower tuyere is located at a height of less than 30% of the height of the inside of the vertical furnace, and the lower tuyere is located at a height of less than 30% of the height of the inside of the vertical furnace, and the lower tuyere is located at a height of less than 30% of the height of the inside of the vertical furnace. a blowing device for blowing other oxygen-containing gas into the furnace through the lower tuyere;
Energy gas or liquid generation characterized by having a furnace lower temperature control device for maintaining the temperature inside the furnace lower part of the vertical furnace at a high temperature where hydrogen gas can be generated by reducing water in the furnace. Vertical furnace system.

(2) The energy gas or liquid production vertical furnace system described in (1) above,
a fuel source for a power engine for driving a transportation device;
a fuel source for a power engine for a generator as a direct power source or a power source via an electrical storage device for an electric power plant driving a transport device, or
A transport device mounted as a fuel source for a fuel cell as a direct power source for an electric power unit driving the transport device or as a power source via an electrical storage device.

(3) Generate energy gas or liquid using the energy gas or liquid generation vertical furnace system described in (1) above,
A method of producing fuel for gasoline engines, diesel engines, gas turbines, and other prime movers or for fuel cells using the produced energy gas or liquid.

(4) Inside the furnace, a step of charging biomass or biomass and non-biomass substances from above the upper part of the vertical furnace or the lower part of the furnace into a vertical furnace with a height exceeding the diameter or equivalent diameter of the lower part of the furnace;
a step of treating the input biomass or biomass and non-biomass material in the vertical furnace,
The biomass and non-biomass material to be input into the vertical furnace are such that the biomass is 10 to 100% by mass, and the non-biomass material is 0 to 90 mass% as the balance,
the combined biomass and non-biomass material input has moisture;
The vertical furnace is provided with at least a lower tuyere as a tuyere, and the lower tuyere is located at a height of less than 30% of the height of the inside of the vertical furnace, and the lower tuyere is located at a height of less than 30% of the height of the inside of the vertical furnace, and the lower tuyere is located at a height of less than 30% of the height of the inside of the vertical furnace. blowing other oxygen-containing gas into the furnace through the lower tuyere;
An energy gas or liquid production method characterized in that the temperature inside the lower part of the vertical furnace is maintained at a high temperature at which hydrogen gas can be produced by reducing water in the furnace.

(5) On the transportation device, the energy gas or liquid produced by the method described in (4) above,
a fuel source for a power engine for driving a transportation device;
a fuel source for a power engine for a generator as a direct power source or a power source via an electrical storage device for an electric power plant driving a transport device, or
A transportation method for use as a fuel source for a fuel cell as a direct power source or as a power source via an electrical storage device for an electric power device driving a transportation device.

According to the present invention, energy gas or energy liquid can be generated safely and at low cost using biomass and other raw materials, fuel can be manufactured using the generated energy gas or liquid, and biomass It is possible to realize a safe and low-cost transportation device and transportation method using materials such as and other raw materials.

It is a typical explanatory view of a vertical furnace. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the temperature (° C.) inside the lower part of the furnace and the concentration (%) of energy gas (C _n H _m such as CO + H ₂ + CH ₄ ) in the furnace at an intermediate height position inside the furnace. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the temperature (° C.) at an intermediate height position inside the furnace and the concentration (%) of energy gas (C _n H _m such as CO + H ₂ + CH ₄ ) in the furnace at an intermediate height position inside the furnace. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the temperature (° C.) at the top of the furnace and the concentration (%) of energy gas (C _n H _m such as CO + H ₂ + CH ₄ ) in the furnace at an intermediate height position inside the furnace. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the ratio of biomass mass input into the furnace/(mass of coal and/or coke) and the concentration of energy gas (CO + H ₂ + CH ₄ etc.) at an intermediate height position inside the furnace. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a vehicle. It is a figure which shows the example of a composite energy blast. It is a figure which shows the example of a composite energy blast. It is a figure which shows the example of a composite energy blast. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a conventional charcoal water gas production device. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a gasifier in a conventional rice husk gasification power generation system.

The energy gas or liquid production vertical furnace system of the present invention includes a vertical furnace and a charging device for charging biomass and non-biomass substances into the vertical furnace.

Furthermore, the transportation device of the present invention is equipped with the energy gas or liquid production vertical furnace system of the present invention.

Further, the fuel production method of the present invention is a method of producing fuel using energy gas or liquid produced using the energy gas or liquid production vertical furnace system of the present invention.

Furthermore, the energy gas or liquid generation method of the present invention includes a step of charging biomass and non-biomass material into a vertical furnace, and a step of processing the biomass or biomass and non-biomass material in the vertical furnace.

Furthermore, the transportation method of the present invention is a transportation method that uses energy gas or liquid produced by the method of the present invention on a transportation device.

(1) Vertical furnace

A vertical furnace has a height (preferably 1.5 times) exceeding the diameter or equivalent diameter (if the horizontal cross-sectional shape is other than circular) of the lower part of the furnace (for example, the hearth or hearth bottom or the upper part thereof). The height of the furnace is

Examples of vertical furnaces include blast furnaces, vertical gasification and melting furnaces, waste treatment furnaces, hydrogen-reduced iron smelting furnaces, etc., which smelt iron ore to produce molten iron, and various types of pig iron. Examples include, but are not limited to, furnaces.

(2) Biomass

10 to 100% by mass (preferably 15, 20 or 30% by mass or more, more preferably 30% by mass or more) of biomass is charged into the vertical furnace.

Examples of biomass in the present invention include vegetable shells (rice husks, etc.), bamboo, broad-leaved trees, coniferous trees, root stocks, large trees, thinned wood, waste wood from forests, rotten forest wood and other waste plants, waste wood, In addition to plant-derived materials such as bark and scraps generated at lumber factories, construction waste materials, construction dismantled materials, furniture wood, tatami mats, waste paper materials, plant-derived materials that are attached to or contain metals or soil, etc. , food residue, waste food, fats and oils derived from animals and plants, cow dung, horse dung, other livestock dung, human feces, biomass deposited on the bottom of dams, lakes, ponds, rivers, rice paddies, fields, oceans, etc., and dumping. Examples include earth and sand, biological substances mixed with earth and sand, and include, but are not limited to, those treated with antiseptic and anti-anticide agents and various other chemically synthesized substances and naturally derived substances. do not have. Such biomass can be charged into a vertical furnace, for example, individually or in a mixture of two or more kinds.

In the present invention, the biomass inputted into the vertical furnace is not limited to solids that do not substantially contain water or other liquids, but may also be biomass that contains or is accompanied by water, seawater, or other liquids. Alternatively, it may be mixed with other non-biomass materials such as seawater or other liquids, metals, metal oxides, mud, soil, stones, brick waste, glass, or gases. For example, biomass and/or microplastics and other non-biomass substances, contained in suspension or otherwise, in oceans, lakes, rivers, drainage systems, wastewater systems, or sewage systems, together with seawater or other moisture, or separated. It can also be charged into a vertical furnace.

In addition, in the present invention, the biomass to be input into the vertical furnace must be dried, carbonized, or reduced to a predetermined size before being input into the furnace. For example, it is not necessary to carry out any pre-treatment such as shredding, agglomeration or pelletization.

Radioactively contaminated biomass or non-biomass materials, radioactive waste, radioactively contaminated water containing biomass or non-biomass materials, chemical wastewater, etc. can also be objects to be fed into the vertical furnace.

(3) Non-biomass materials

[Amendment under Rule 91 27.03.2023]
The non-biomass material is 0 to 90% by mass (preferably 85, 80, or 70% by mass or less), which is the remainder of the biomass 10 to 100% by mass (preferably 15, 20, or 30% by mass or more), based on the vertical furnace. )throw into. For example, 30% by mass of biomass and 70% by mass of non-biomass material can be charged into the vertical furnace.

The input to the vertical furnace combining biomass and non-biomass materials may contain 15 to 75% by mass of moisture, preferably 15 to 60% by mass.

Examples of non-biomass materials include:
Fossil raw materials or fossil raw material waste such as coke, coal, heavy oil, kerosene, light oil, natural gas, peat or other low-grade coal, low-grade petroleum residue;
Petroleum-based and/or coal-based substances in solid or liquid form, such as plastics and tires, including packaging materials made of various plastic materials;
Various carbonaceous substances;
Metals in various metal products, electrical products made of metal materials, etc.;
Examples include, but are not limited to, mud, soil, stones, brickwork, glass, etc.; as well as water, seawater, and other water contained in or associated with such non-biomass materials. Such non-biomass materials can be charged into the vertical furnace, for example, individually or in a mixture of two or more.

Non-biomass materials may include carbon-containing fuel materials that can act as reducing agents.

For example, examples of non-biomass materials input into a vertical furnace for iron smelting include:
Fossil fuels such as coke and coal;
Iron ore, metals, molded pig iron, iron scrap, sponge iron, and other metal oxides;
Although limestone can be mentioned as an auxiliary raw material, it is not limited to these.

(4) Tuyere and blowing device

The vertical furnace is equipped with at least a lower tuyere as a tuyere, and the lower tuyere is located at a height of less than 30% of the height of the inside of the vertical furnace, and at least air or other and a blowing device for blowing the oxygen-containing gas into the furnace through the lower tuyere.

In addition, an upper tuyere is provided at a height of 70% or more of the height of the inside of the vertical furnace, and at least oxygen or oxygen-enriched air or preheated air (e.g., preheated to 40°C or higher) is provided. air), energy liquids (e.g. coal- or petroleum-based or other liquid hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon-based liquids), and energy gases (e.g. natural gas or other hydrocarbon gases). It may have a blowing device for blowing into the furnace through the upper tuyere. When blowing with this blowing device, it is necessary to maintain the temperature inside the lower part of the vertical furnace at a high temperature that allows hydrogen gas to be generated by reducing water in the furnace. It is effective in maintaining the internal temperature at 815 to 1050 °C or higher, even when the input to a vertical furnace containing biomass and non-biomass materials contains 15 to 75% by mass of moisture. .

In addition, a central tuyere is provided in a portion of the vertical furnace with a height of 30% or more and less than 70% of the height inside the furnace, and at least a central tuyere is provided for carrying oxygen or oxygen-enriched air or preheated air, energy liquid, and energy gas. It may include a blowing device for blowing one or more of them into the furnace through the middle tuyere. When the blowing device is used to blow into the furnace through the upper tuyere, the temperature inside the lower part of the vertical furnace can be increased by reducing hydrogen gas by reducing water in the furnace. In order to maintain the temperature at which biomass and non-biomass materials can be produced at a high temperature, and to maintain the temperature inside the lower part of the vertical furnace at 815 to 1050°C or higher, it is necessary to It is even more effective when the water content is 15 to 75% by mass.

In addition, in a vertical furnace, a portion with a height of less than 30% of the height inside the furnace of a vertical furnace, a portion with a height of 30% or more and less than 70% of the height inside the furnace of a vertical furnace, or a vertical One or more tuyeres other than the lower tuyere, middle tuyere, and upper tuyere are provided as necessary in a part of the furnace at a height of 70% or more of the height of the inside of the furnace, and the required material is placed in the tuyeres. It may have a blowing device for blowing into the furnace through the mouth.

In addition, through at least one of the tuyeres provided in the vertical furnace, oxygen or oxygen-enriched air or preheated air, energy liquid, energy gas, energy solid powder (for example, powder derived from coal or low-grade coal, carbonized material derived from biomass) The device may include a blowing device for blowing one or more of powder), water at room temperature, or heated water.

The blowing device for blowing into the furnace through the lower tuyere, upper tuyere, middle tuyere, and other tuyere that the vertical furnace may have shall be provided individually, or may be used in combination in one or more groups. It can be provided in a manner similar to that, or it can be provided in such a way that all of the equipment or equipment can be used in combination.

For the substances and inputs injected into the furnace, it is possible to use, for example, those preheated by solar energy such as sunlight or solar heat, or to use gases or liquids at 25°C or higher that utilize geothermal heat from volcanoes, etc.

(5) Biomass/non-biomass material input and input equipment

(5-1) Upper part of the vertical furnace (furnace top and/or upper part of the vertical furnace located below the furnace top) or above the lower part of the furnace (for example, upper and lower intermediate positions or upper and lower intermediate positions of the vertical furnace) Biomass or biomass and non-biomass materials are charged into the vertical furnace (that is, into the vertical furnace) from the position and the top (“charging” includes “charging”). Dosing can be done, for example, continuously or at intervals.

(5-2) The input biomass is 10 to 100% by mass (e.g., as a proportion of the input amount per fixed time, or as a proportion of a fixed volume or mass), and the input non-biomass materials are: The remainder is 0 to 90% by mass (for example, as a proportion of the input amount per fixed time, or as a proportion of a fixed volume or mass). Preferred input ratios of biomass and non-biomass materials are as described above.

(5-3) Biomass and non-biomass materials may be introduced using conveyors and/or chutes (including rotating chutes), or pipes and necessary pumps and Liquids, gases, and other fluids/semi-fluids may be introduced using valves or the like.

For example, biomass can be mixed with coal and/or coke, which are non-biomass materials, and other necessary materials, and the mixture can be charged or swirled from the top of the furnace and/or the upper part of the vertical furnace. It is also possible to input coal and/or coke, which are biomass substances, and biomass at different times and/or positions (separate input).

Such mixed charging and separated charging can be performed while being controlled by a charging amount control device. Even when non-biomass materials such as iron ore, sintered pellets, reduced iron, molded pig iron, and scrap are input, they can be mixed with biomass or mixed with coal and/or coke.

It is also possible to classify biomass and non-biomass substances into powder, granules, solids, and coarse materials in order of average diameter (size), and select appropriate devices and routes for inputting them.

(5-4) When inputting biomass and non-biomass substances, use a computer etc. to analyze the type and content (e.g. content per unit volume or unit mass) of the substances contained, as necessary. This can be carried out while being controlled (for example, controlling the increase/decrease of the amount of input per unit time, starting and stopping of input, etc.) using the input amount control device. It is sufficient to analyze the type and content of the contained substances within the necessary limits and with the necessary accuracy.

Examples of the types and contents of substances that are analyzed in this way include the amount of various solid substances, the amount of metals, mud, soil, water, tar, etc. in or mixed with biomass, water and other various substances. Examples include, but are not limited to, the amount of liquid or semi-liquid, the amount of various gases, etc.

Biomass can also be classified according to its moisture content, for example, as follows, and used for input amount control.
Almost 0% moisture (e.g. charcoal, smoked charcoal, etc.)
Moisture 0.1%~1%
Moisture 1% to 3%
Moisture 3% to 10%
Moisture 10% to 20%
Moisture 20% to 30%
Moisture 30% or more (high moisture)

(5-5) Control by the input amount control device includes, for example, temperature sensors (thermocouples, etc.) and other necessary sensors (such as hydrogen concentration sensors, Based on data acquired by a carbon oxide concentration sensor, image sensor, etc., for example, the temperature at a predetermined location such as the lower part or the top of a vertical furnace, the temperature distribution in a predetermined range, the hydrogen concentration or carbon monoxide concentration at a predetermined location, etc. This can be done to understand and control the operational status of vertical furnace systems such as

In other words, the energy gas or liquid producing vertical furnace system of the present invention is capable of injecting amounts of various solids, moisture or other various liquids in biomass or non-biomass materials, or various gases into the furnace from required locations using a charging device. It is possible to have an input amount control device that controls the amount of (including the type and content of the contained substance as necessary). With these, for example, the following furnace lower temperature control device and furnace top temperature control device (or further furnace middle temperature control device) can be realized. As an example of the former, a feeding device is installed to feed the required type and amount of biomass or non-biomass material into the vertical furnace from a required location based on the temperature etc. detected by a temperature sensor in the lower part of the furnace. For example, an input amount control device may be mentioned. As an example of the latter, a charging device is installed to charge the required type and amount of biomass or non-biomass material into the vertical furnace from a required location based on the temperature etc. detected at the top of the furnace by a temperature sensor. For example, an input amount control device may be mentioned.

(5-6) The lower furnace temperature control device and the furnace top temperature control device (or the furnace middle temperature control device) are each controlled by a blowing device through at least one of the tuyeres provided in the above-mentioned vertical furnace. Control of the flow rate of the substance, the content of the required substance (including, for example, oxygen concentration, preheating temperature, etc.), and other known means may also be used.

In addition, for example, as a device that can constitute at least a part of the furnace lower temperature control device and the furnace top temperature control device (or the furnace middle temperature control device), it is possible to supplementally raise the temperature inside the furnace at required points in the vertical furnace. A gas-ignited burner or other gas-ignited device may be provided.

By burning combustible gas such as hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide gas generated in the furnace in the furnace as necessary using a gas ignition burner, the temperature in the furnace can be raised supplementarily. The combusted gas becomes a reduced gas in the furnace under a reducing atmosphere (as described later, a certain range or a wide range within the furnace can be a reducing atmosphere). For example, hydrogen gas becomes water vapor by combustion in a furnace, but hydrogen gas is generated from the water vapor in a furnace under a reducing atmosphere. Further, carbon monoxide gas becomes carbon dioxide by combustion in the furnace, but carbon monoxide gas is generated from the carbon dioxide in the furnace under a reducing atmosphere.

(6) Temperature control of the lower part of the furnace, the top of the furnace, etc.

(6-1) The present invention includes a furnace lower temperature control device for maintaining the temperature inside the furnace lower part of a vertical furnace at a high temperature that allows hydrogen gas to be generated by reducing water in the furnace.

The furnace lower temperature control device controls the temperature inside the furnace lower part of the vertical furnace.
Melting reduction of a metal oxide when the metal oxide is present, or
In the case of containing oxidized carbides, the temperature may be maintained at a high temperature that allows either or both of the production of carbon monoxide gas by reduction of the oxidized carbides.

(6-2) The present invention further comprises:
Controlling the temperature of at least a part of the inside of the top of the vertical furnace (for example, a part in a certain range in the radial direction and/or height direction) to a required temperature of room temperature (equivalent to the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere) or higher. It may have a furnace top temperature control device.

The present invention may also include a furnace central temperature control device for controlling the temperature of the vertically intermediate portion of the vertical furnace as necessary.

(6-3) The temperature control device for the lower part of the furnace can control the temperature inside the lower part of the vertical furnace from 815 to 1050°C (815°C or 1050°C, or a temperature between them). ) or more.

Further, the furnace top temperature control device may be configured to, for example, control the temperature of at least a portion of the inside of the top of the vertical furnace to a required temperature of 1000 to 1050° C. above room temperature. For example, depending on the purpose of the system, method, and transportation device of the present invention, the temperature may be controlled to any temperature from room temperature to 1000 to 1050°C or less, or within a certain range, but the temperature is not limited to this. . The lower limit of the range of above normal temperature and below 1000 to 1050°C is, for example, normal temperature, 40°C, 45°C, 50°C, 60°C, 80°C, 100°C, 120°C, 150°C, 200°C, 300°C, or 400°C, and the upper limit is, for example, 60°C, 80°C, 100°C, 120°C, 150°C, 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, 800°C, 1000°C , 1050°C, but is not limited to these.

Further, the system and method of the present invention, wherein the temperature control device for the middle part of the furnace sets the temperature of the middle part in the height direction in the vertical furnace slightly higher (for example, 5 degrees Celsius or more higher) than the temperature control device for the top part of the furnace. The temperature can be controlled according to the purpose of the transportation device.

(6-4) By controlling the temperature inside the lower part of the furnace of the present invention using biomass (and necessary non-biomass materials) to a high temperature as described above, carbon (C) is The reaction between carbon and oxygen (O ₂ ) becomes an endothermic reaction, and a reduction reaction in which CO ₂ reacts with carbon. By utilizing this reaction between carbon and oxygen, other substances such as water (H ₂ O) can also undergo a reduction reaction of H ₂ and CO, producing highly concentrated hydrogen gas, and converting CO ₂ into CO. Energy gas can be produced.

In addition, by controlling the temperature inside the lower part of the furnace to a high temperature as described above, incineration ash and foreign substances in the biomass are melted or reduced and melted in this high temperature section, and depending on the input materials, metals and reduced slag are obtained (for example,
Fe ₂ O ₃ +3C→2Fe+3CO;
SnO+C→Sn+CO;
PbO+C→Pb+CO;
_Cu2O +C→2Cu+CO
In the case of , metallic iron is obtained from iron oxide, metallic tin from tin oxide, metallic lead from lead oxide, metallic copper from copper oxide, and furthermore, energy gas CO is obtained. ).

Therefore, the generation of incineration ash (i.e., industrial waste containing metal oxide), which was generated in conventional biomass combustion power generation, etc., is effectively prevented.

This reduced slag is not an industrial waste that requires processing costs, but can be recycled as a raw material for cement or used as an agricultural material containing mineral components necessary for plant growth.

(7) Production process of energy gas or energy liquid and recycled products or raw materials thereof

(7-1) Figure 1 is an example of a vertical furnace 10 whose height is 1.5 times or more the diameter of the lower furnace portion 10a.

[Amendment under Rule 91 27.03.2023]
10 to 100% by mass of biomass and 0 to 90% by mass of non-biomass material as the balance, with a moisture content of 15 to 75% by mass based on the combined biomass and non-biomass material (for example, 30% by mass of biomass and 0 to 90% by mass of non-biomass material) A non-biomass material containing 70% by mass and having a moisture content of 15 to 75% by mass based on the combined biomass and non-biomass material) is poured into the furnace through the inlet 20L, 20R and 20C leading to the furnace top 10t. The material is charged into the vertical furnace 10 by the charging device 24. The input port 20L, the input port 20R, and the input port 20C are used depending on the input material.

At least air or other oxygen-containing gas is blown into the furnace through the lower tuyere 22a.

Further, at least one or more of oxygen, oxygen-enriched air, preheated air, energy liquid, and energy gas are blown into the furnace through the upper tuyere 22u and the middle tuyere 22m, respectively.

The biomass and non-biomass materials (furnace input materials) charged into the furnace top 10t are gradually lowered to the furnace lower part 10a while being heated in the furnace, and are placed at one or more places in the furnace lower part 10a. In a combustion control zone with a height (including stages) of The temperature is controlled to a high temperature that allows hydrogen gas to be produced by reduction of

Further, it is desirable to control the temperature of a part of the interior of the furnace top 10t of the vertical furnace 10 to a predetermined temperature of 1000 to 1050° C. above room temperature.

In the process of moving (downward) countercurrently to the gas in the furnace, the materials charged into the furnace transition from the oxidation reaction zone to the reduction reaction zone as the temperature inside the furnace increases. When the input biomass moves to the reduction reaction zone, many components in the biomass transfer to carbon, tar, or other chemical substances, and are contained in the input biomass at a sufficient proportion of 15 to 75% by mass. Due to the reduction reaction of the water, a sufficient amount of energy gas such as CO + H ₂ is generated, and C _n H _m such as CH ₄ is also generated.

(7-2) As shown in Fig. 2, if the temperature inside the lower part 10a of the vertical furnace 10 in the present invention is about 815°C or higher, the energy gas (CO+H The concentration of C _n H _m ), such as ₂ + CH ₄ , rises quite rapidly and can become even higher at temperatures above about 1050°C.

Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 3, when the temperature at the intermediate height position inside the furnace exceeds approximately 50°C, the energy gas (C _n H _m such as CO + H ₂ + CH ₄ etc.) at the intermediate height position inside the furnace ) concentration can rise rapidly.

In addition, as shown in Figure 4, when the temperature at the top of the furnace exceeds about 40°C, the concentration of energy gas (CO + H ₂ + C _n H _m such as CH ₄ ) in the furnace at the intermediate height of the furnace increases considerably. If the temperature rises suddenly to about 45°C or higher, the concentration can become even higher.

Furthermore, as shown in Figure 5, if the ratio of biomass mass/(mass of coal and/or coke) in the materials input into the furnace is approximately 30% or more, the energy gas inside the furnace at the intermediate height position inside the furnace is The concentration (C _n H _m such as CO + H ₂ + CH ₄ ) rises quite rapidly, and if it exceeds about 35%, it can become even higher.

In addition, if the furnace height ratio (furnace height/hearth diameter), which is the ratio of the furnace height inside the furnace to the diameter of the furnace lower part 10a, is about 1.5 or more, the hydrogen in the gas in the furnace upper part 10u The (H ₂ ) concentration increases and moves from the oxidation zone to the reduction zone. When the furnace height ratio increases from about 1.5 to 1.8 or more, the hydrogen (H ₂ ) concentration in the gas in the upper part of the furnace 10u increases further and can reach a high concentration of 5% or more, forming a reduction zone.

(7-3) In the reduction reaction zone that includes all or part of the lower part 10a of the vertical furnace 10, the residual material is not incineration ash (i.e., industrial waste) but molten reduction slag, i.e., metal When materials containing oxides, earth, sand, stone, brick waste, etc. are input, materials derived from earth, sand, stone, brick waste, etc., become recycled products such as metals or raw materials for recycled products.

Such reduced slag can be flowed out in a molten state from the lower part of the furnace 10a through the molten reduced slag/metal outlet 10s. Therefore, industrial waste such as incineration ash containing metal oxides is hardly generated.

(7-4) Depending on the type, content, properties, etc. of substances contained in the input biomass, the range of the oxidation reaction zone and the range of the reduction reaction zone in the furnace can be changed. For example, when the proportion of carbon (carbon C) contained in biomass is high, the range of the oxidation reaction zone can be made small or relatively small, and the range of the reduction reaction zone can be made large or relatively large. For example, if the biomass contains a large amount of water, the range of the oxidation reaction zone can be made large or relatively large, and the range of the reduction reaction zone can be made small or relatively small.

(7-5) For example, the outer peripheral wall 10w of the vertical furnace 10 in FIG. A heat exchange pipe may also be buried. In that case, by flowing water or other liquids through the heat exchange pipe, it can be used as a boiler (bioboiler) that heats them or generates steam from them.

However, the heat exchange means and the use of heat are not limited to this example. The waste heat of the furnace body of the vertical furnace or the heat of products such as high-temperature gas generated in the vertical furnace can be used directly or indirectly through heat exchange or the like. For example, high-temperature steam (high-temperature superheated steam) is generated by heat exchange and can be used in a steam turbine that drives a generator or the like. Alternatively, for example, high-temperature superheated steam generated by heat exchange (for example, high-temperature superheated steam of several hundred degrees Celsius or 1000 degrees Celsius or more) may be used for direct heating, or high-temperature steam generated by heat exchange or high-temperature gas generated in a vertical furnace may be used. Can be used for indirect heating (e.g. by heat exchanger). Examples of such heating uses include, but are not limited to, preheating biomass or non-biomass materials to be input into a vertical furnace, and producing silicon by heating (steaming, etc.) biomass. .

(8) Generation or recovery of energy gases, energy liquids, metals or other reduced products, etc.

(8-1) The vertical furnace 10 of the present invention has a furnace lower part 10a, an upper part than the furnace lower part 10a (for example, an upper and lower intermediate position [furnace intermediate part 10m] of the vertical furnace 10, or an upper and lower intermediate position and an upper part [furnace upper part]). 10u]), or from the upper part of the vertical furnace 10 (the furnace top 10t and/or the upper part of the vertical furnace 10 located below the furnace top 10t), or the gas exhaust ports 10g etc. provided at those positions. Through
C _n H _m such as CO, H ₂ and CH ₄ (which may also contain nitrogen gas, other reducing substances, etc.) can be recovered.

Such recovered materials may be used as energy gas or energy liquid liquefied by cooling, including natural cooling.
Alternatively, liquid or gaseous fuels, various chemicals, and other substances (gasoline, diesel oil, kerosene, liquefied natural gas, liquefied methane, It can be used as a raw material for diesel oil, ammonia, benzene, naphthalene, various agricultural chemicals, etc.).
The recovered products, synthesized products, purified products, etc. obtained in this way are
Bio-liquid energy such as bio-gasoline,
Biogas energy such as bionatural gas,
Biomineral resources such as biosilicon,
Bio metals such as bio iron,
Bio-coal resources such as bio-coal,
It can be used for various purposes as a biochar-based resource such as bioactivated carbon.

(8-2) The vertical furnace 10 (countercurrent transfer furnace) in the present invention uses biomass to produce high hydrogen gas with a concentration (volume concentration) of 5% or more hydrogen gas and 0.5% or less oxygen gas. (hydrogen-rich gas) is preferable.

Generally, the concentration of H ₂ and CO decreases from the lower part to the upper part in the vertical furnace 10, so high concentration H ₂ and/or CO gas can be removed by providing a gas outlet in the lower part of the furnace 10a. Therefore, it is desirable to take it out from the furnace lower part 10a. Highly concentrated hydrogen gas is also useful in the production of ammonia.

(8-3) In the present invention, the biomass and non-biomass materials (the combined input of biomass and non-biomass materials) to be charged into the vertical furnace 10 may contain moisture at a predetermined ratio. The proportion of moisture in the input material is, for example, 15 to 75% by mass, 20 to 75% by mass, 25 to 75% by mass, 30 to 75% by mass, 40 to 75% by mass, or 50 to 75% by mass (or , 15 to 60% by mass, respectively (up to 60% by mass). It should be noted that the input material does not need to have this moisture ratio in any part thereof; It is sufficient if it has the following.

By controlling the moisture content of the input to the vertical furnace 10 (for example, controlling the moisture content using moisture-containing biomass or other input moisture), the moisture content (H ₂ O), and the concentration and amount of hydrogen gas (H ₂ ) produced by reduction from water (H ₂ O). The moisture content of the material charged into the vertical furnace 10 can be controlled, for example, by the amount control device described above.

Furthermore, all or part of iron oxide, other metal oxides, or other oxides in the input to the furnace can be converted into metallic iron, other metals, or other reduced products by the generated hydrogen gas (H ₂ ). Alternatively, it becomes possible to control the reduction.

[Amendment under Rule 91 27.03.2023]
As the moisture accompanying the biomass (or moisture in other materials input into the furnace) falls to the lower part of the furnace 10a, the hydrogen gas concentration in the lower part of the furnace 10a increases, and the reduction reaction is carried out by hydrogen gas reduction (or hydrogen gas The proportion carried out by reduction increases), and it becomes possible to reduce the proportion carried out by carbon reduction. This will reduce the amount of carbon required, reduce carbon dioxide emissions, achieve zero carbon emissions by virtually eliminating carbon dioxide emissions, and be compatible with carbon neutral (biocarbon neutral) initiatives that utilize biomass. be able to.

(8-4) Also, depending on the type of biomass and non-biomass materials, wood vinegar (including bamboo vinegar) containing citric acid, acetic acid, or other organic acids can be produced during the reduction process. In this case, high quality wood vinegar that does not contain other oxides including metal oxides produced by oxidation can be obtained through the gas outlet 10g.

(8-5) Also, depending on the types of biomass and non-biomass materials to be input, silicon can be generated from the molten reduction product or reduced slag that may flow out from the lower part of the vertical furnace.

(9) Transportation equipment

(9-1) The transportation device of the present invention uses an energy gas or liquid producing vertical furnace system as a fuel source of a power engine for driving a vehicle such as an automobile or a railway vehicle, or a transportation device such as a ship. In addition to those equipped with energy gas or liquid generation vertical furnace systems,
A device equipped with the energy gas or liquid generating vertical furnace system of the present invention as a fuel source for a power engine for a generator, which is a direct power source for an electric power device that drives the above-mentioned transportation device or a power source via a power storage device. , or
The energy gas or liquid producing vertical furnace system of the present invention is installed as a fuel source for a fuel cell that serves as a direct power source for an electric power device that drives a transportation device or as a power source via a power storage device.

(9-2) FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an example of a vehicle equipped with the energy gas or liquid production vertical furnace system of the present invention.

The vehicle 40 has wheels 46 driven by an engine 42 or an AC motor 44, and is equipped with the equipment shown in FIG. 6 in addition to the vertical furnace 10.

The vertical furnace 10 has heat exchange pipes embedded in the outer peripheral wall. In addition to generating energy gas, this vertical furnace 10 functions as a boiler in which water is passed through the heat exchange pipe to generate steam. A vertical furnace mounted on a vehicle or the like can have an outer diameter of about 50 to 150 cm and a height of about 100 to 200 to 300 cm, for example.

The generated energy gas passes through the gas purification device 48 and is supplied to the engine 42 by the fuel injection device 52, either separately or mixed with the fuel stored in the fuel tank 50, and the engine 42 is operated to drive the vehicle 40. do.

Further, the steam generated through the heat exchange pipe of the vertical furnace 10 is supplied to a steam generator 54, and the alternating current generated by the steam generator 54 is rectified by a rectifier 56 and charged to a battery 58. The output from the battery 58 is further converted into alternating current at a predetermined frequency by an inverter 60 and supplied to an alternating current motor 44 for driving the vehicle, so that the alternating current motor 44 can drive the vehicle 40. The steam that has passed through the steam generator 54 is condensed by a radiator 62, and is supplied to the heat exchange pipe of the vertical furnace 10 via a water tank 64 for use.

Further, the current generated by the solar panel 66 is charged to the battery 60 via the voltage stabilizing device 68, and is used to drive the vehicle 40 by the AC motor 44. Note that charging equipment using a solar panel and equipment that generates electricity using a steam generator by providing a heat exchange pipe in a vertical furnace can be provided as necessary.

(10) Fuel manufacturing method

Hydrogen, Fuels such as liquid hydrocarbons, gaseous hydrocarbons, ammonia, etc., for gasoline engines, diesel engines, gas turbines, and other prime movers or for fuel cells can be produced.

10 Vertical furnace 10a Furnace lower part 10g Gas outlet 10m Furnace middle part 10s Melting reduction slag/metal outlet 10t Furnace top part 10u Furnace upper part 10w Outer peripheral wall part 20C Inlet 20L Inlet 20R Inlet 22u Upper tuyere 22m Middle tuyere 22a Lower tuyere 24 Feeding device 40 Vehicle 42 Engine 44 AC motor 46 Wheels 48 Gas purification device 50 Fuel tank 52 Fuel injection device 54 Steam generator 56 Rectifier 58 Battery 60 Inverter 62 Radiator 64 Water tank 66 Solar panel 68 Voltage stabilization Device

Claims (21)

1. A vertical furnace with a height that exceeds the diameter or equivalent diameter of the lower part of the furnace inside the furnace,
   The vertical furnace is equipped with a charging device for charging biomass or biomass and non-biomass substances from above the upper part of the vertical furnace or the lower part of the furnace,
   The biomass and non-biomass substances inputted into the vertical furnace by the input device are such that the biomass is 10 to 100% by mass, and the non-biomass substance is 0 to 90% by mass as the balance,
   the combined biomass and non-biomass material input has moisture;
   The vertical furnace is provided with at least a lower tuyere as a tuyere, and the lower tuyere is located at a height of less than 30% of the height of the inside of the vertical furnace, and the lower tuyere is located at a height of less than 30% of the height of the inside of the vertical furnace, and the lower tuyere is located at a height of less than 30% of the height of the inside of the vertical furnace. a blowing device for blowing other oxygen-containing gas into the furnace through the lower tuyere;
   Energy gas or liquid generation characterized by having a furnace lower temperature control device for maintaining the temperature inside the furnace lower part of the vertical furnace at a high temperature where hydrogen gas can be generated by reducing water in the furnace. Vertical furnace system.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the combined biomass and non-biomass material input contains 15 to 75% water by mass.
3. The above-mentioned vertical furnace is provided with an upper tuyere at a height of 70% or more of the height inside the furnace, and at least one or more of oxygen, oxygen-enriched air, preheated air, energy liquid, and energy gas. 3. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a blowing device for blowing into the furnace through the upper tuyere.
4. A middle tuyere is provided at a height of 30% or more and less than 70% of the height inside the furnace of the vertical furnace, and at least one of oxygen, oxygen-enriched air, preheated air, energy liquid, and energy gas is provided. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a blowing device for blowing at least two or more of the above into the furnace through the central tuyere.
5. One or more of oxygen or oxygen-enriched air, preheated air, energy liquid, energy gas, energy solid powder, and room temperature water or heated water is blown through at least one of the tuyeres provided in the vertical furnace. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising a blowing device for.
6. The non-biomass material includes both or one of coal and coke,
   The system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the biomass is 30% by mass or more with respect to both or one of the coal and coke.
7. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the furnace lower part temperature control device is for maintaining the temperature inside the furnace lower part at 815 to 1050°C or higher.
8. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, capable of producing pyroligneous vinegar in the reduction process depending on the input biomass and non-biomass materials.
9. Any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a molten reduction product and reduced slag can flow out from the lower part of the vertical furnace, and silicon can be produced from the molten reduction product or reduced slag depending on the biomass and non-biomass material input. or the system described in item 1.
10. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
    a fuel source for a power engine for driving a transportation device;
    a fuel source for a power engine for a generator as a direct power source or a power source via an electrical storage device for an electric power plant driving a transport device, or
    A transport device mounted as a fuel source for a fuel cell as a direct power source for an electric power unit driving the transport device or as a power source via an electrical storage device.
11. Producing an energy gas or liquid using the system according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
    A method of producing fuel for gasoline engines, diesel engines, gas turbines, and other prime movers or for fuel cells using the produced energy gas or liquid.
12. A step of charging biomass or biomass and non-biomass substances from above the upper part of the vertical furnace or the lower part of the furnace into a vertical furnace with a height exceeding the diameter or equivalent diameter of the lower part of the furnace inside the furnace;
    a step of treating the input biomass or biomass and non-biomass material in the vertical furnace,
    The biomass and non-biomass material to be input into the vertical furnace are such that the biomass is 10 to 100% by mass, and the non-biomass material is 0 to 90% by mass as the balance,
    the combined biomass and non-biomass material input has moisture;
    The vertical furnace is provided with at least a lower tuyere as a tuyere, and the lower tuyere is located at a height of less than 30% of the height inside the vertical furnace, and the lower tuyere is located at a height of less than 30% of the height of the inside of the vertical furnace. blowing other oxygen-containing gas into the furnace through the lower tuyere;
    An energy gas or liquid production method characterized in that the temperature inside the lower part of the vertical furnace is maintained at a high temperature at which hydrogen gas can be produced by reducing water in the furnace.
13. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the combined biomass and non-biomass material input contains 15 to 75% by mass of water.
14. The above-mentioned vertical furnace is provided with an upper tuyere at a height of 70% or more of the height inside the furnace, and at least one or more of oxygen, oxygen-enriched air, preheated air, energy liquid, and energy gas. 14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the tuyere is blown into the furnace through the upper tuyere.
15. A middle tuyere is provided at a height of 30% or more and less than 70% of the height inside the furnace of the vertical furnace, and at least one of oxygen, oxygen-enriched air, preheated air, energy liquid, and energy gas is provided. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein at least two or more of the above are blown into the furnace through the central tuyere.
16. A claim for blowing one or more of oxygen or oxygen-enriched air or preheated air, energy liquid, energy gas, energy solid powder, and room temperature water or heated water through at least one of the tuyeres provided in the vertical furnace. The method according to any one of items 12 to 15.
17. The non-biomass material includes both or one of coal and coke,
    The method according to any one of claims 12 to 16, wherein the biomass is 30% by mass or more with respect to both or one of the coal and coke.
18. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 17, wherein the temperature inside the lower part of the furnace is maintained at 815 to 1050°C or higher.
19. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 18, wherein pyroligneous vinegar is produced in the reduction process depending on the biomass and non-biomass materials input.
20. Claims 12 to 12, further comprising the step of flowing out a molten reduction product and reduced slag from the lower part of the vertical furnace, and capable of producing silicon from the molten reduction product or reduced slag depending on the biomass and non-biomass materials to be input. 19. The method according to any one of Item 19.
21. On the transport device, the energy gas or liquid produced by the method according to any one of claims 12 to 20,
    a fuel source for a power engine for driving a transportation device;
    a fuel source for a power engine for a generator as a direct power source or a power source via an electrical storage device for an electric power plant driving a transport device, or
    A transportation method for use as a fuel source for a fuel cell as a direct power source or as a power source via an electrical storage device for an electric power device driving a transportation device.

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