CN101713304B - Method for cycle power generation by carrying out wet decomposition pretreatment, dry distillation and gasification on domestic garbage - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cycle power generation by treating garbage, which is rapid, residue-free, clean and innoxious and in particular can effectively prevent dioxins from synthesis. In the method, after being subjected to wet decomposition, dechlorination, debenzolization, dehydration, deodorization, sterilization and organic matter expansion, the domestic garbage is pyrolyzed by afurnace for pyrolysis, dry distillation and gasification, and the hydrogen-containing biomass gas generated after pyrolysis, cooling and purification is used for power generation by adopting gas turbine-steam turbine hybrid power generation technology. The invention has the following advantages: the domestic garbage is fully treated, no secondary pollution is produced in the treatment process, source control is carried out on synthesis of such toxic substances as dioxins and the like, and the power is the clean energy in the true sense; therefore, the method can completely replace the incinerator-steam turbine power generation technology which is largely adopted at present.

Description

The method of one way of life rubbish cycle power generation by carrying out wet decomposition pretreatment, dry distillation and gasification

Technical field

The method that the present invention relates to a kind of integrated treatment domestic waste and be used for generating electricity is more specifically a kind ofly finally decomposed rubbish and is generated a large amount of hydrogeneous biomass gas, the method for utilizing gas turbine one steam turbine cogeneration technology to generate electricity.

Background technique

At present various countries' disposal of refuse adopts the most general mode to burn exactly, and temperature is controlled at about 980 ℃ in the general refuse incinerator, and volume ratio can be dwindled 50-80% originally after burning, and the combustible garbage of categorised collection is after burning disposal even can dwindle 90%.Yet after the practice of a century, the waste incineration method but fails to be accepted by the numerous common people always on the process, and the aspects such as heavier, expensive costliness, complicated operation and waste resource are polluted in its disadvantage outstanding behaviours in its latency.Current best incinerator in situation about working well, also can discharge tens of kinds of harmful matters, only is difficult to all purify by filtration, washing and adsorption method.Especially the furans pollutant such as dioxin belongs to generally acknowledged one-level carcinogenic substance, even very micro-ly also can accumulate for a long time in vivo, it can't stipulate out threshold value so far to the effect of human body.And build a big-and-middle-sized incinerator and want easily 1,000,000,000 yuans, the processing cost after being constructed and put into operation approximately also needs 300 yuan/tons, and general city is difficult to bear.Exactly because have dioxin contamination risk and too high this two large drawback of investment operating cost, waste incineration is after the climax that has experienced the eighties of last century eighties, the garbage burning factory of present global developed country is constantly being closed down.The supreme principle of environmental protection is also impelled the government of developed country to make a decision sincerely to close garbage combustion device.Especially in recent years, the right-safeguarding disturbance of the anti-waste incineration of one burst blazes in the world, more burns more prosperous.In fact, waste incineration method has at home and abroad begun to enter the atrophy phase.Even the most intensive Japan of refuse incinerator is also very general to the resistance of waste incineration, anti-dioxin up to a hundred group is arranged in running in the world.Also introspect even work out the European countries of European Union's standard, close one after another incinerator, promulgate to prohibit and burn order.Meanwhile, unite " the National urban domestic garbage was harmlessly treated Facilities Construction Eleventh Five-Year Plan " printed and distributed by the Committee of Development and Reform, the Ministry of Construction, State Environmental Protection Administration at home, planning proposes, the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period the whole nation will increase domestic garbage was harmlessly treated ability 320,000 ton per days newly, to the Eleventh Five-Year Plan end, the National urban level of harmless treatment rate of life waste will reach 60%.

Also formally announced together with " the comprehensive programme of work of energy-saving and emission-reduction " that relevant department formulates by National Development and Reform Committee.To promote in the scheme garbage as resource utilization as innovation mode, accelerate development one of important content of recycling economy, explicitly point out, " garbage collection system will be established and improve in city above county level (containing the county town); push forward the construction of domestic waste taxonomic hierarchies comprehensively; fully reclaim the waste and old resource in the rubbish; encourage waste incineration and generating electricity and heat supply, Landfill Gas, actively push forward the town and country rubbish processing to be harmless, realizes garbage decrement, resource and innoxious.”

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and a kind of quick, nothing residue, clean harmless is provided, and particularly can effectively prevent the method for the waste processing circulating generation of synthetic dioxin.

The technical solution adopted in the present invention is to the present invention includes following steps:

(1) the wet solution of warm high pressure pretreatment in the employing, domestic garbage is sent in the high-pressure bottle storehouse, in the high-pressure bottle storehouse, pass into steam, under 200～260 ℃, the condition of 0.3～1Mpa pressure to the rubbish heating and exerted pressure 2～4 hours, then gradually decompression, and under certain pressure fast the reduction valve in opening high pressure container storehouse realize that spray is quick-fried, make materials inside expanded, decomposite simultaneously chlorine in most of plastic polymer and the compound of benzene;

(2) will carry out the automation refuse classification through the pretreated domestic garbage of above-mentioned wet solution;

(3) inflammable matter that sorts out and organic substance grog are put into the pyrogenation and carbonization gasification oven, under the condition of high temperature, anoxic, carry out the pyrogenation and carbonization gasification reaction, make that the organic component obtains sufficient pyrolysing gasification in the domestic garbage, export hydrogeneous biomass gas;

(4) above-mentioned hydrogeneous biomass gas is supplied with gas turbine combustion acting generating, the tail gas waste heat of gas turbine reclaims the generation superheated vapor through exhaust heat boiler or superheated steam generator, drives steam turbine and carries out combined cycle generation.

When 0.1～0.2Mpa pressure, to open fast reduction valve to implement to spray quick-fried in the described step (1).

Opening fast the quick-fried optimum pressure value of reduction valve enforcement spray is 0.15Mpa.

The idiographic flow of refuse classification is in described step (2): the quick-fried rubbish of processing out of spray flows into the garbage bag-breaking machine broken bag of going ahead of the rest automatically in the high-pressure bottle storehouse, enter by conveyor again and carry out selection by winnowing and magnetic separation in the automatic sorting machine, lighter rubbish is opened by the wind that machinery produces, iron class material then enters another passage by magnet adsorption, then residual refuse enters the near infrared light process of separation, and then sub-elects inflammable matter and organic substance grog.

Pyrogenation and carbonization gasification reaction in the described step (3) is to carry out under 1200 ℃ high temperature, the organic matter rubbish cracking produces the mixed gas that contains methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, tar, rubbish carbon residue and water vapor, make tar, water vapor, rubbish carbon residue in the mixed gas be converted into combustible gas by the mixed pyrolysis reaction process again, carbon dioxide reduction is carbon monoxide, and then obtains described hydrogeneous biomass gas.

Between above-mentioned steps (3) and step (4), add purifying step, the hydrogeneous biomass gas that produces in the pyrogenation and carbonization gasification oven is passed in the purifier, carry out dedusting, electrically trapped tar oil, cool, purification, dechlorination, desulfurization, pressurization and dry series of process, then send into gas turbine.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:

1, quick: be disposed in four hours, the rubbish that shipped the same day, be disposed the same day, and it is clear to reach daily output day.

2, harmless: warm high pressure wets and separates/screening/gasification operation in the totally-enclosed continuous circulation, has thoroughly solved the global difficult problem of dioxin contamination from the source, and, nothing tradition excessive without foul smell burned; Really realized generating or generate less harmful exhaust without harmful exhaust; The organic substance high temperature and high pressure hydrolysis is processed, and sterilization thoroughly; Process at a high speed the innoxious reusable edible for the treatment of fluid.

3, without residue: all rubbish 100% are all recycling, process thoroughly.

4, strong adaptability: can realize comprising that Biohazard Waste and all domestic garbage, constructional rubbish, fowl raises the rubbish that mud is gushed in disease corpse, food service industry changing food waste, agricultural wastes, city sewage and sludge and river.

5, floor space is little: being 1/2nd of burning and garbage power method floor space, is 1/4th of composting process, 1/4th of landfill method.Operate because this treatment technology is batch production, it is clear that day is produced in waste processing daily, processes thorough nothing and remain, and substantially do not have landfill, and shared soil can forever use.

6, resource, industrialization level are high: because of the preposition wet solution of original creation with rear sorting technology is thorough, the whole regenerations of the recyclable goods and materials of part, simultaneously because wet solutions+destructive distillation circular treatment technology+gas turbine direct gasification utilization, do not have traditional waste incineration fully, limit to greatest extent and reduced waste gas production (only have pure burning process 1/100).

7, operating cost is lower, easy to implement, management and promote.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is process flow diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is facilities and equipments schematic representation of the present invention.

Embodiment

As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, present embodiment mainly comprises following process step:

1, middle temperature highly pressured hydrolysis is processed

At first with rubbish by sending in the high-pressure bottle storehouse 3 by conveyor belt 2 in the garbage storing storage 1, in high-pressure bottle storehouse 3, pass into steam, under 200～260 ℃, the condition of 0.3～0.8Mpa pressure to rubbish heating, pressurization 2～4 hours, to rubbish carry out high-temperature sterilization, deodorizing, sterilization, hydrolysis dechlorination, take off benzene, the dehydration decrement treatment, then be depressurized to 0.1～0.2MPa (the best 0.15MPa of being), the liquid emission valve in opening high pressure container storehouse 3 makes the fertilizer mother liquor with the liquids recovery that flows out in the valve.After fluid discharge is complete, the outlet in opening high pressure container storehouse 3.The organic waste of the expanded change structure that spray with pressure is produced carries out sorting by the refuse classification device.This process is because the acting in conjunction of temperature and pressure, effectively separated out the compounds such as chlorine in the plastics and benzene, get on from the source except producing the basic condition of dioxin,

2, automation garbage sorting system

The quick-fried rubbish of processing out of 3 interior sprays flows into garbage bag-breaking machine 4 automatically from the high-pressure bottle storehouse, and rubbish is first through the mechanical bag-crusher broken bag of going ahead of the rest.Enter in the automatic sorting machine 5 by conveyor again and carry out selection by winnowing and magnetic separation.After rubbish was served line belt in the material feeding mouth, lighter rubbish at first entered the selection by winnowing program, and it is opened by the wind that machinery produces, and the iron class then enters another passage by magnet adsorption.Then residual refuse enters the near infrared light process of separation, because the near infrared light that the different materials such as paper, plastics send is different.Default light sorting parameter can satisfy the requirement of more than 20 kind of Recyclable of sorting.By light sorting technology organic substance, flammable class material, separate out all types of plastic behind benzene/chlorine and enter the high temperature pyrolysis stove and carry out destructive gasifying, the hydrogeneous biomass combustible gas of generation provides gas turbine-steam turbine combined generating system to generate electricity behind cooling and purifying.Inorganic matter, slag class rubbish: the curing agent such as fragmentation, the rear interpolation of mixing cement are made innoxious energy saving light building materials; Ferromagnetic and non-ferrous metal thing class: mainly to be recovered as the master; Sand class rubbish: naturally stack and sneak into waste processing liquid and the soil conditioning particle is made in the after fermentation of the high nutrient organic substance of part.

3, pyrolysis gasification system

To drop in the pyrolysis gasification furnace 6 through the garbage organism that filters out and garbage clinker etc., rubbish enters pyrolysis gasification furnace 6 by the feeding of feeding system hydraulic drive.Impose the pyrolysis temperatures of 1200 degree, become to be grouped into some other because organic main component is carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur.Under the conditions such as high temperature, anoxic, the molecular chain in the organic substance begins fracture and decomposes, and its surface moisture, carbon dioxide, methane etc. are separated out, and produce mixed gass such as containing methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, tar, water vapor.Make tar in the mixed gas, water vapor, rubbish carbon residue etc. be converted into combustible gas by the mixed pyrolysis reaction process again, carbon dioxide reduction is carbon monoxide.

Again through dedusting, electrically trapped tar oil, cool, the techniques such as purification, dechlorination, desulfurization, pressurization, drying, can obtain the hydrogen-containing gas continuous wave output of about 1300～2000 kilocalorie similar water coal gas of calorific value.

Pyrolysing gasification is the method that a kind of brand-new refuse is processed.It combines the pyrolysis technology of innovation and traditional high temperature oxygen supply gasification technology.Do not have traditional boiler, but simulated the chemical combination process of material in the stratum, with waste gasification.In an enclosed environment and under the High Temperature High Pressure, refuse is transformed into synthetic gas and callable solid residue fully.In high temperature and long residence time, it in addition can destroy the most complicated organic compound: the heavy metal composition can be used as manageable precipitation state and is reclaimed.Sour gas becomes salinity and is processed and reclaim.Invalid components in the rubbish is melted and hardens, and is formed with structural material and the metal alloy of usefulness.This bi-material all can change into inertia and nontoxic product.The water that produces in overall process all is cleaned, and recycles.Because the gas, solid matter and the water that produce in the whole technological process can both reclaim through processing, the discharging after the whole waste processing significantly reduces, and does not smolder in the processing procedure, does not have discharge of wastewater, needs landfill without any solid, lime-ash.

4, gas turbine-steam turbine combined generating system

Because gasification oven produces the hydrogeneous biomass gas of similar water coal gas, about 1300～2000 kilocalories of calorific value, it is supplied with gas turbine 7 work by combustion electricity generation grid-connectings, gas turbine 7 exhaust heats and gasification island sensible heat reclaim heat and produce superheated vapor through the exhaust heat boiler heated feed water, drive steam turbine 8 generatings, thereby realized the gas combustion-gas vapor combined cycle process.

Power generating equipment adopts gas turbine 7.Gas turbine 7 single-machine capacitys are not wait from 300kW to 2000kW, because the exhaust temperature that discharges after the gas turbine power generation is all between 650～800 ℃, angle from the energy utilization, this part tail gas still contains a large amount of callable available energies, can improve system effectiveness so increase waste heat recovering device (such as exhaust heat boiler etc.) behind fuel gas generation equipment.In the garbage gasifying power generation system, except power generating equipment tail gas has a large amount of waste heats, the fuel gas temperature of pyrolysing gasification outlet of still is very high (reaching about 700～800 ℃) also, so the waste heat of this part gasification sensible heat and fuel gas generation equipment is combined, utilize exhaust heat boiler and superheater to produce steam, recycling steam turbine cogeneration.Like this, the integrated heat efficiency of combined generating system will reach 35～45%, considerably beyond traditional waste incineration and generating electricity technology.Biomass Gasification ﹠ Power Generation equipment take rubbish as main organic principle is exactly by above process, and various wastes are made a silk purse out of a sow's ear, and is converted into the high-quality electric energy, thoroughly solves the pollution of waste and the comprehensive reasonable of the energy and utilizes problem.

Claims (6)

1. the method for one way of life rubbish cycle power generation by carrying out wet decomposition pretreatment, dry distillation and gasification is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:

(1) the wet solution of warm high pressure pretreatment in the employing, domestic garbage is sent in the high-pressure bottle storehouse, in the high-pressure bottle storehouse, pass into steam, under 200～260 ℃, the condition of 0.3～1Mpa pressure to the rubbish heating and exerted pressure 2～4 hours, then gradually decompression, and under certain pressure fast the reduction valve in opening high pressure container storehouse realize that spray is quick-fried, make materials inside expanded, decomposite simultaneously chlorine in most of plastic polymer and the compound of benzene;

(2) will carry out the automation refuse classification through the pretreated domestic garbage of above-mentioned wet solution;

(3) inflammable matter that sorts out and organic substance grog are put into pyrolysis gasification furnace, under the condition of high temperature, anoxic, carry out the pyrogenation and carbonization gasification reaction, make that the organic component obtains sufficient pyrolysing gasification in the domestic garbage, export hydrogeneous biomass gas;

(4) above-mentioned hydrogeneous biomass gas is supplied with gas turbine combustion acting generating, the tail gas waste heat of gas turbine reclaims the generation superheated vapor through exhaust heat boiler or superheated steam generator, drives steam turbine and carries out combined cycle generation.

2. the method for one way of life rubbish cycle power generation by carrying out wet decomposition pretreatment, dry distillation and gasification according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the described step (1) is to open fast reduction valve to implement to spray quick-fried when 0.1～0.2Mpa pressure.

3. the method for one way of life rubbish cycle power generation by carrying out wet decomposition pretreatment, dry distillation and gasification according to claim 2 is characterized in that, opening fast the quick-fried optimum pressure value of reduction valve enforcement spray is 0.15Mpa.

4. the method for one way of life rubbish cycle power generation by carrying out wet decomposition pretreatment, dry distillation and gasification according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the idiographic flow of refuse classification is in described step (2): the quick-fried rubbish of processing out of spray flows into the garbage bag-breaking machine broken bag of going ahead of the rest automatically in the high-pressure bottle storehouse, enter by conveyor again and carry out selection by winnowing and magnetic separation in the automatic sorting machine, lighter rubbish is opened by the wind that machinery produces, iron class material then enters another passage by magnet adsorption, then residual refuse enters the near infrared light process of separation, and then sub-elects inflammable matter and organic substance grog.

5. the method for one way of life rubbish cycle power generation by carrying out wet decomposition pretreatment, dry distillation and gasification according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, pyrogenation and carbonization gasification reaction in the described step (3) is to carry out under 1200 ℃ high temperature, the organic matter rubbish cracking produces the mixed gas that contains methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, tar, rubbish carbon residue and water vapor, make tar, water vapor, rubbish carbon residue in the mixed gas be converted into combustible gas by the mixed pyrolysis reaction process again, carbon dioxide reduction is carbon monoxide, and then obtains described hydrogeneous biomass gas.

6. the method for one way of life rubbish cycle power generation by carrying out wet decomposition pretreatment, dry distillation and gasification according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the hydrogeneous biomass gas that produces in the pyrogenation and carbonization gasification oven is passed in the purifier, carry out dedusting, electrically trapped tar oil, cool, purification, dechlorination, desulfurization, pressurization and dry series of process, then send into gas turbine.