WO2023169550A1 - 用于预防和/或治疗肾纤维化的多肽化合物 - Google Patents

用于预防和/或治疗肾纤维化的多肽化合物 Download PDF

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WO2023169550A1
WO2023169550A1 PCT/CN2023/080721 CN2023080721W WO2023169550A1 WO 2023169550 A1 WO2023169550 A1 WO 2023169550A1 CN 2023080721 W CN2023080721 W CN 2023080721W WO 2023169550 A1 WO2023169550 A1 WO 2023169550A1
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thr
compound
seq
arg
pro
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蒋先兴
余欢
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中山大学
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/08—Peptides having 5 to 11 amino acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/12—Cyclic peptides, e.g. bacitracins; Polymyxins; Gramicidins S, C; Tyrocidins A, B or C
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
    • A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K7/04—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links
    • C07K7/06—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links having 5 to 11 amino acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K7/64—Cyclic peptides containing only normal peptide links
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the technical field of biochemistry, and specifically relates to a polypeptide compound for preventing and/or treating renal fibrosis.
  • Fibrosis is characterized by the loss of the capillary network and the accumulation of fibrillar collagen, activated myofibroblasts, and inflammatory cells.
  • tubular epithelial cells TECs
  • TECs tubular epithelial cells
  • mesenchymal markers Kang HM, Ahn SH, Choi P, Ko YA ,Han SH,Chinga F,Park AS,Tao J,Sharma K,Pullman J,Bottinger EP,Goldberg IJ,Susztak K.
  • CKD Chronic kidney disease
  • CKD affects nearly 10% of adults in the United States, and the incidence and prevalence of the disease are increasing globally.
  • CKD progresses to end-stage renal disease, a gradual decline in kidney function when a critical number of functional nephrons are lost.
  • Treatment options for CKD are limited and provide only partial protection against progression of CKD. Therefore, developing more effective drugs to halt CKD progression is a key public health challenge (Zhang ZH, He JQ, Zhao YY, Chen HC, Tan NH.
  • Asiatic acid prevents renal fibrosis in UUO rats via promoting the production of 15d-PGJ2 , an endogenous ligand of PPAR- ⁇ . Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2020 Mar; 41(3):373-382.).
  • Renal fibrosis is the final common manifestation of all forms of end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is mainly associated with cardiovascular diseases such as old age, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension.
  • CKD chronic kidney disease
  • the pathophysiology of renal fibrosis can be divided into four overlapping stages: initiation, activation, execution, and progression. Although there are no clear boundaries between these four stages, each stage is associated with specific molecular and cellular mechanisms (Zhang X, Ritter JK, Li N. Sphingosine-1-phosphate pathway in renal fibrosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol .2018 Oct 1;315(4):F752-F756.).
  • the mechanism of renal fibrosis is as follows: before different organs develop fibrosis, most of them are dominated by local epithelial damage. Exposure of epithelial cells to toxins can lead to the development of tissue fibrosis, highlighting the pathogenicity of epithelial injury and demonstrating the importance of epithelial-mesenchymal cell signaling in promoting fibrosis. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is also responsible for The primary mechanism of most interstitial fibrotic nephropathies. A study examined the renal tissue biopsies of 133 patients with kidney disease and found that in addition to histological damage, most patients had epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of epithelial tubular cells.
  • Renal fibrosis is a pathological result of excessive deposition of extracellular matrix due to abnormalities in cytokines and signaling pathways caused by multiple pathogenic factors.
  • the regulation of nuclear gene transcription by signaling pathways may be one of the main causes of RIF. TGF- ⁇ /Smad, TLR4, Wnt/ ⁇ -catenin, Notch, etc.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a polypeptide compound for treating and/or preventing renal fibrosis and its application and pharmaceutical composition.
  • the polypeptide compound has biological activity in improving renal fibrosis and can be used to treat or prevent renal fibrosis. transformation effect.
  • polypeptide compound which includes:
  • Any amino acid at positions 1-7 in the parent peptide is replaced with Ala, or any amino acid at positions 2-5 is replaced with Lys or D-type amino acid, or Thr at position 1 or/and His at position 2 is deleted. , or a polypeptide compound derived from the parent peptide obtained by acetylation of the N-terminus.
  • the polypeptide compound of the present invention is a linear peptide, or a cyclic peptide in which Thr at position 1 and Thr at position 7 in the amino acid sequence are connected by forming an amide bond.
  • amino acid sequence of the polypeptide compound is selected from any of the following:
  • the parent peptide of the present invention lacks Thr at position 1 or/and His at position 2, and the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide compound is selected from any one of the following:
  • any amino acid at positions 2 to 5 of the parent peptide of the present invention is substituted with Lys, and the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide compound is selected from any of the following:
  • the N-terminus of the parent peptide of the present invention is acetylated, and the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide compound is:
  • the N-terminus of the parent peptide of the present invention is acetylated, and the second amino acid His is replaced by D-His.
  • the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide compound is:
  • the N-terminus of the parent peptide of the present invention is acetylated, and the amino acid His at position 3 is replaced by D-His.
  • the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide compound is:
  • the N-terminus of the parent peptide of the present invention is acetylated, and the amino acid Arg at position 4 is replaced by D-Arg.
  • the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide compound is:
  • the N-terminus of the parent peptide of the present invention is acetylated, and the amino acid Pro at position 5 is replaced by D-Pro.
  • the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide compound is:
  • polypeptide compound of the present invention is a cyclic peptide, and its amino acid sequence is selected from any of the following:
  • the present invention also provides a polypeptide compound for use in the prevention or direct or indirect treatment of renal fibrosis. Use in the medicine of dimensional changes or conditions characterized by them.
  • Renal fibrosis is a common pathway in chronic kidney disease that ultimately leads to end-renal failure.
  • Conditions characterized by renal fibrosis include: chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, obstructive nephropathy, systemic lupus erythematosus nephropathy, hereditary nephropathy such as Alport syndrome, diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, drug-induced nephropathy Kidney disease, kidney disease caused by hepatitis B or HIV virus, and kidney transplantation, etc.
  • the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition containing the polypeptide compound of the present invention, which is prepared by adding the polypeptide compound as an active ingredient and adding at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or auxiliary material.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is suitable for various administration methods, such as oral administration, transdermal administration, intravenous administration, intramuscular administration, topical administration, nasal administration, etc.
  • the polypeptide pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be formulated into various suitable dosage forms, which contain at least an effective amount of the polypeptide of the present invention and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable pharmaceutical carrier.
  • Suitable dosage forms are tablets, capsules, dragees, granules, oral solutions and syrups, ointments and patches for application to the skin, aerosols, nasal sprays, and sterile solutions for injection.
  • the pharmaceutical composition containing the polypeptide compound of the present invention can be made into a solution or lyophilized powder for parenteral administration.
  • the powder can be reconstituted by adding an appropriate solvent or other pharmaceutically acceptable carrier before use.
  • the liquid formula is generally buffered. solution, isotonic solution and aqueous solution.
  • the dosage of the polypeptide compound of the present invention in the pharmaceutical composition can be varied within a wide range. Those skilled in the art can vary it based on some objective factors such as the type of disease, severity of illness, patient weight, dosage form, route of administration and other factors. easily determined.
  • the polypeptide compound of the present invention has good biological activity
  • the polypeptide compound of the present invention shows good stability, and the polypeptide compound of the present invention is easy to scale up and produce with low cost;
  • the polypeptide compounds of the present invention have lower toxicity, a larger safety window, and a smaller dosage;
  • polypeptide compound of the present invention can be used to directly or indirectly treat diseases caused by or characterized by the course of renal fibrosis.
  • polypeptide compounds are involved, and their specific sequences are:
  • Compound 20 (relating to SEQ ID NO:20):
  • Compound 21 (relating to SEQ ID NO:21):
  • Thr is threonine, Trp is tryptophan, Pro is proline, Arg is arginine, His is histamine Acid, Ala is alanine, Lys is lysine, D-His is D-histidine, D-Arg is D-arginine, D-Pro is D-proline, Ac is acetyl base, DMF is N,N-dimethylformamide, TFA is trifluoroacetic acid, TIS is N,N-triisopropylsilane, DCM is methylene chloride, DMEM is low sugar medium, GAPDH is glyceraldehyde-3 -Phosphate dehydrogenase, UUO is unilateral ureteral ligation, PBS is phosphate buffered saline.
  • Figure 1 shows the activity results of the polypeptide compound of Example 2 in the renal tubular epithelial (HK2) cell model.
  • Figure 2 is a H&E stained section of mouse kidney in Example 3.
  • Figure 3 is a view of Masson-stained sections of mouse kidneys in Example 3.
  • Figure 4 is a histogram of the positive area in the Masson-stained section of mouse kidney in Example 3.
  • Figure 5 is a picture of Sirius red-stained sections of mouse kidneys in Example 3.
  • Figure 6 is a histogram of the positive area in the Sirius red section diagram of the mouse kidney in Example 3.
  • this implementation takes polypeptide compounds 1117 and 20 as examples, but the following synthesis process is not used to limit the synthesis process of the polypeptide compound of the present invention.
  • MBHA peptide resin the dosage of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole and N, N-diisopropylcarbodiimide and Fmoc protected amino acid in each condensation reaction
  • the amount ratio of the substances is 1:1, and the deprotection solution is 20% piperidine in DMF. After coupling, shrink with pure methanol and vacuum dry to obtain 4.2g of peptide resin.
  • the amino acid sequence of polypeptide compound 11 is: Thr-Lys-His-Arg. -Pro-Trp-Thr-NH 2 .
  • the fraction containing C5 was collected, concentrated to remove the acetonitrile, and then transsalted and lyophilized. 145 mg of pure product with HPLC purity of 99.6395% was obtained. The separated product was analyzed by liquid mass spectrometry, and the m/z+1 value of the protonated molecular ion peak was found to be: 933.5, and the theoretical value was 933.46.
  • MBHA peptide resin in each condensation reaction 1-hydroxybenzotriazole and N, N-diisopropylcarbodiimide react with The amount ratio of the substances used to protect the Fmoc amino acid is 1:1, and the deprotection solution is 20% piperidine in DMF. After coupling, shrink with pure methanol and vacuum dry to obtain 4.2g of peptide resin.
  • the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide compound 17 is: Ac -Thr-His-(D-His)-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH 2 .
  • amino acid sequence of polypeptide compound 20 is:
  • Rink Amide MBHA resin As the carrier, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (3x) and O-benzotriazole-tetramethylurea hexafluorophosphate as coupling agents, and N, N-dimethylmethane Amide is used as the solvent, and the programmed reaction is carried out.
  • the condensation reaction is performed sequentially to connect the protected amino acids to obtain Thr-Lys-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr- ⁇ Glu(OAll)-Rink Amide MBHA linear peptide resin.
  • MBHA peptide resin was dispersed in the DMF solution, and tetrakis triphenylphosphine palladium and morpholin were added, and the reaction was carried out for 12 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere, followed by Wash with DCM (10mL*3), DMF (10mL*3) and drain.
  • 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole (3x) and O-benzotriazole-tetramethylurea hexafluorophosphate (3x) were used as coupling agents, and N, N-dimethylformamide was used as the solvent to react for 4 hours. . After coupling, shrink with pure methanol twice, 15 minutes each time, vacuum dry, and weigh to obtain 3.8g of peptide resin.
  • Step 4 Polypeptide cleavage and removal of protecting groups
  • Polypeptide compound 1-14 was synthesized using the above-mentioned synthesis method of polypeptide compound 11, polypeptide compound 15-19 was synthesized using the above-mentioned synthesis method of polypeptide compound 17, and polypeptide compound 20-21 was synthesized using the above-mentioned synthesis method of polypeptide compound 20, to obtain the following table 1
  • the peptide compounds shown are:
  • the TGF ⁇ -induced HK2 cell model was used as an in vitro liver fibrosis cell evaluation model (HK2 cells were purchased from the Type Culture Collection Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China) to conduct a preliminary screening of the anti-fibrotic activity of peptide compounds 1-21 to detect fibrosis.
  • HK2 cells were purchased from the Type Culture Collection Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
  • FN marker fibronectin
  • cells were incubated with polypeptide compound 1-21 (100 ⁇ M) for 24 hours.
  • the control group was given the same volume of low-glucose medium (DMEM) (purchased from Gibco, USA), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (purchased from Beijing Quanshijin Biological Co., Ltd.) as an internal reference, in which FN protein It is a hallmark feature of fibrosis, and the results are shown in Figure 1.
  • DMEM low-glucose medium
  • GPDH glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
  • mice of about 8 weeks old were provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Sun Yat-sen University and randomly divided into 24 groups of 6 mice each, as follows:
  • Model control group UUO model + PBS
  • Model treatment group UUO model + benazepril (0.3mg/kg),
  • Peptide compound group 1 UUO model + peptide compound 1 (1mg/kg),
  • Peptide compound group 2 UUO model + peptide compound 2 (1mg/kg),
  • Peptide compound group 3 UUO model + peptide compound 3 (1mg/kg),
  • Peptide compound group 4 UUO model + peptide compound 4 (1mg/kg),
  • Peptide compound 5 group UUO model + peptide compound 5 (1mg/kg),
  • Peptide compound 6 group UUO model + peptide compound 6 (1mg/kg),
  • Peptide compound 7 group UUO model + peptide compound 7 (1mg/kg),
  • Peptide compound 8 group UUO model + peptide compound 8 (1mg/kg),
  • Peptide compound 9 group UUO model + peptide compound 9 (1mg/kg),
  • Peptide compound 11 group UUO model + peptide compound 11 (1mg/kg),
  • Peptide compound 12 group UUO model + peptide compound 12 (1mg/kg),
  • Peptide compound 13 group UUO model + peptide compound 13 (1mg/kg),
  • Peptide compound 14 group UUO model + peptide compound 14 (1mg/kg),
  • Peptide compound 15 group UUO model + peptide compound 15 (1mg/kg),
  • Peptide compound 16 group UUO model + peptide compound 16 (1mg/kg),
  • Peptide compound 17 group UUO model + peptide compound 17 (1mg/kg),
  • Peptide compound 18 group UUO model + peptide compound 18 (1mg/kg),
  • Peptide compound 19 group UUO model + peptide compound 19 (1mg/kg),
  • Peptide compound 21 group UUO model + peptide compound 21 (1mg/kg).
  • UUO model C57BL/6 mice were weighed, and the mice were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 5% chloroacetaldehyde hydrate (prepared with physiological saline) (at a dose of 10 ⁇ L/g); the abdominal hair of the mice was removed, and the hair was removed. The mouse was fixed on the operating board, and the abdomen was disinfected twice with iodophor. An incision of about 1cm was made on the left side of the abdomen to expose the kidneys. The ureters were separated with microscopic forceps, and a thread was used on the end of the ureters near the kidneys.
  • Tie a knot also tie a knot with a thread on the end of the ureter near the bladder, and finally cut the ureter from the middle of the two knots; drop 100 ⁇ L of double antibody on the abdomen of the mouse, and finally suture the muscles and skin openings in sequence.
  • mice Sham surgery: C57BL/6 mice were weighed, and the mice were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 5% chloroacetaldehyde hydrate (prepared with normal saline) (at a dose of 10 ⁇ L/g); the abdominal hair of the mice was removed, and the mice were removed after removing the hair.
  • the mouse was fixed on the operating board, and the abdomen was disinfected twice with iodophor. An incision of about 1cm was made on the left side of the abdomen to expose the kidneys. The ureters were separated with microscopic forceps, and the internal organs were carefully put back into the abdominal cavity. Drop 100 ⁇ L of double antibody into the abdomen of the mouse, and finally suture the muscle and skin openings in sequence.
  • Postoperative administration intraperitoneal administration on the second day after surgery.
  • the normal control group was given PBS
  • the model control group was given PBS
  • the model treatment group was given 0.3 mg/kg benazepril
  • the peptide compound treatment group was given 1 mg/kg respectively.
  • Polypeptide compound 1-21 was administered once a day at 10 a.m. for two weeks.
  • mice After the operation, the weight of the mice was weighed and recorded once a day, and the physiological conditions of the mice were observed. After 14 days of administration, the experiment ended, and the mice fasted the night before collecting materials. When collecting materials, weigh the mouse, use ether anesthesia to collect blood from the orbit and collect it in a sterilized 1.5 mL EP tube (the blood volume is about 600 ⁇ L).
  • the mouse blood is collected, it is centrifuged at 4000 rpm at room temperature for 15 Minutes, pipet the supernatant into a new sterilized 1.5mL EP tube, centrifuge twice, and store the final serum at -20°C for serological testing; fix the mouse on the operating board, along the midline of the mouse Make an incision, carefully take out the untreated right kidney and place it in a centrifuge tube. Take out the left kidney, gently peel off the renal membrane, weigh the kidney, take pictures, and then use a scalpel blade to cut open the kidney longitudinally along the midsagittal plane. One part of the kidneys was immersed in a newly prepared 10% formalin solution and fixed for histopathological examination. The other part of the kidneys was placed in a sterilized 1.5 mL EP tube and stored at -80°C for protein and RNA examination. .
  • H&E staining dry the slices, dewax; hematoxylin staining for 7 minutes, rinse with tap water, differentiate with 1% hydrochloric acid ethanol for 1 s, rinse with tap water, stain with eosin, rinse with tap water, dehydrate and clear, dry, and seal with gum.
  • Sirius red staining dry the slices and dewax; let stand in double-distilled water for 5.0 minutes; stain with Sirius red in a darkroom for 60-80 minutes; rinse with 0.5% glacial acetic acid for 5 seconds; dehydrate to make it transparent, seal the slides, and take pictures.
  • Masson dyeing drying slices, dewaxing; mordant dyeing; drop dyeing with celestite blue dyeing solution for 2-3 minutes and washing with water; dyeing with droppings of Mayer hematoxylin dyeing solution and washing with water; differentiate with acidic ethanol differentiation solution for a few seconds and rinse with tap water; Ponceau red magenta dyeing solution Drop dyeing, rinsing with distilled water; treatment with phosphomolybdic acid solution; dripping of aniline blue dye for 5 minutes; treatment with weak acid solution for 2 minutes; dehydration, transparency, drying, and sealing with gum.
  • the characteristics of the kidneys are: severe atrophy of the renal tubules, significant increase in the tubular space, increase in immune cells, and destruction of the normal renal tissue structure.
  • FIG. 2 is a H&E stained section of mouse kidney in this example.
  • the renal tubules of the mice in the normal control group are clear and have no obvious gaps; however, compared with the normal control group, the renal tubules of the mice in the model control group are severely atrophied, the tubular gaps are significantly increased, and the immune Cells increased and the normal kidney tissue structure was destroyed; while the tissue morphology of the mice in the model treatment group and the peptide compound treatment group was significantly improved.
  • the polypeptide compound of the present invention can significantly improve renal tubular atrophy and renal tubular space.
  • Figure 3 is a Masson-stained section of the mouse kidney in Example 3
  • Figure 4 is a histogram of the positive area in the Masson-stained section of the mouse kidney in Example 3.
  • Masson staining is mainly used to stain fibers in tissues, in which collagen fibers are dyed blue and muscle fibers are dyed red.
  • the Masson staining results of pathological sections of mice showed that the sections of mice in the normal control group mainly showed red muscle fibers, which contained a small amount of blue collagen fibers, indicating that collagen fibers accounted for a small part of the total tissue in normal kidneys; however, in the model In the staining of pathological sections of the mice in the control group, blue collagen fibers occupied most of the kidney tissue, almost losing the normal kidney morphology; compared with the model control group, the mice treated with the polypeptide compound of the present invention The staining results of tissue sections are significantly improved, the proportion of blue collagen fibers is significantly reduced, and part of the kidney morphology can be seen.
  • the polypeptide compound of the present invention has an obvious inhibitory effect on collagen fibers. This proves that the polypeptide compound of the present invention has obvious therapeutic effect on renal fibrosis.
  • Figure 5 is a picture of a Sirius Red-stained section of the mouse kidney in Example 3
  • Figure 6 is a histogram of the positive area in the Sirius Red section of the mouse kidney in Example 3.
  • Peptide compounds can reduce the degree of renal fibrosis and treat renal fibrosis.
  • polypeptide compound of the present invention has good ameliorative or therapeutic effects on renal fibrosis.

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Abstract

提供一种用于治疗和/或预防肾纤维化的多肽化合物，该多肽化合物包括：Thr-His-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2表示的母体肽；或者将母体肽中第1-7位的任一氨基酸经Ala取代、或者第2-5位的任一氨基酸经Lys或D型氨基酸取代、或者缺失第1位Thr或/和第2位His、或者N端经乙酰化得到的由母体肽衍生的多肽化合物。

Description

用于预防和/或治疗肾纤维化的多肽化合物 技术领域
本发明属于生物化学技术领域，具体地，涉及一种用于预防和/或治疗肾纤维化的多肽化合物。
背景技术
纤维化的特征是毛细血管网络的丧失和纤维胶原蛋白、活化的肌成纤维细胞和炎症细胞的聚集。在肾纤维化中，小管上皮细胞(TECs)由于细胞死亡而丢失，其余细胞去分化，导致特征性上皮标记物表达减少，间质标记物表达增加(Kang HM,Ahn SH,Choi P,Ko YA,Han SH,Chinga F,Park AS,Tao J,Sharma K,Pullman J,Bottinger EP,Goldberg IJ,Susztak K.Defective fatty acid oxidation in renal tubular epithelial cells has a key role in kidney fibrosis development.Nat Med.2015 Jan；21(1):37-46.)。在美国，慢性肾病(CKD)影响着近10％的成年人，并且该疾病的发病率和流行率在全球范围内呈上升趋势。CKD进展为终末期肾脏疾病，当关键数量的功能性肾单位丧失时，肾功能逐渐下降。CKD的治疗选择是有限的，并且只能提供部分保护以防止CKD的进展。因此，开发更有效的药物来停止CKD进展是公共卫生的一个关键挑战(Zhang ZH,He JQ,Zhao YY,Chen HC,Tan NH.Asiatic acid prevents renal fibrosis in UUO rats via promoting the production of 15d-PGJ2,an endogenous ligand of PPAR-γ.Acta Pharmacol Sin.2020 Mar；41(3):373-382.)。
肾纤维化是所有形式的终末期慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)的最终共同表现，主要与老年、肥胖、糖尿病、高血压等心血管疾病相关。肾纤维化的病理生理可分为四个重叠阶段：启动、激活、执行和进展。虽然这四个阶段之间没有明确的界限，但每个阶段都与特定的分子和细胞机制有关(Zhang X,Ritter JK,Li N.Sphingosine-1-phosphate pathway in renal fibrosis.Am J Physiol Renal Physiol.2018 Oct 1；315(4):F752-F756.)。肾纤维化的发生机制为：不同的器官在发展成纤维化之前大部分是以局部上皮损伤为主的。上皮细胞暴露于毒素可导致组织纤维化的发展，突出上皮损伤的致病性，也表明上皮–间质细胞信号在促进纤维化的重要性上皮间质转化(epithelial mesenchymallransition,EMT)也是导致 大部分间质纤维化肾病的主要机制。有研究对133例肾病患者的肾组织活体进行检查发现除了组织学损伤外，大多数的患者体内存在上皮管状细胞的上皮间质转化，更为重要的是EMT的延伸与间质损害的程度是密切相关的围(王金荣,熊洋洋,李斌超,付瑜,孔娟.肾纤维化的研究进展[J].医学研究杂志,2015,44(06):158-160.)。肾纤维化(RIF)是多致病因素致细胞因子、信号通路等失常后细胞外基质过度沉积的一种病理结果，信号通路调控细胞核基因转录失调可能是导致RIF发生的主要原因之一。TGF-β/Smad、TLR4、Wnt/β-catenin、Notch等是目前研究导致RIF发生的主要信号通路(敬雪明,张诗琬,喻雪琴,陈芳,梅怡晗.信号通路在肾纤维化发生机制中作用的研究进展[J].山东医药,2020,60(02):102-105.)。
目前尚未有药物能够完全治疗肾纤维化，因此，实有必要提供一种新的多肽化合物用于治疗肾纤维化。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于治疗和/或预防肾纤维化的多肽化合物及其应用和药物组合物，该多肽化合物具有改善肾纤维化方面的生物活性，能够用于治疗或预防肾纤维化效果。
为达上述目的，本发明一种多肽化合物，该多肽化合物包括：
Thr-His-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2(SEQ ID NO:1)表示的母体肽；或者
将所述母体肽中第1-7位的任一氨基酸经Ala取代、或者第2-5位的任一氨基酸经Lys或D型氨基酸取代、或者缺失第1位Thr或/和第2位His、或者N端经乙酰化得到的由所述母体肽衍生的多肽化合物。
本发明的多肽化合物为直链肽，或者为所述氨基酸序列中的第1位Thr与第7位Thr通过形成酰胺键连接形成的环肽。
在一实施例中，本发明的母体肽中第1-7位的任一氨基酸经Ala取代后，所述多肽化合物的氨基酸序列选自以下任意一种：
化合物2(SEQ ID NO:2)：
Ala-His-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2；
化合物3(SEQ ID NO:3)：
Thr-Ala-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2；
化合物4(SEQ ID NO:4)：
Thr-His-Ala-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2；
化合物5(SEQ ID NO:5)：
Thr-His-His-Ala-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2；
化合物6(SEQ ID NO:6)：
Thr-His-His-Arg-Ala-Trp-Thr-NH2；
化合物7(SEQ ID NO:7)：
Thr-His-His-Arg-Pro-Ala-Thr-NH2；或
化合物8(SEQ ID NO:8)：
Thr-His-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Ala-NH2。
在一实施例中，本发明的母体肽缺失第1位Thr或/和第2位His，所述多肽化合物的氨基酸序列选自以下任意一种：
化合物9(SEQ ID NO:9)：
His-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2；或
化合物10(SEQ ID NO:10)：
His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2。
在一实施例中，本发明的母体肽的第2至5位的任一氨基酸经Lys取代，所述多肽化合物的氨基酸序列选自以下任意一种：
化合物11(SEQ ID NO:11)：
Thr-Lys-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2；
化合物12(SEQ ID NO:12)：
Thr-His-Lys-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2；
化合物13(SEQ ID NO:13)：
Thr-His-His-Lys-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2；或
化合物14(SEQ ID NO:14)：
Thr-His-His-Arg-Lys-Trp-Thr-NH2。
在一实施例中，本发明的母体肽的N端经乙酰化，所述多肽化合物的氨基酸序列为：
化合物15(SEQ ID NO:15)：
Ac-Thr-His-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2。
在一实施例中，本发明的母体肽的N端经乙酰化，且第2位氨基酸His被D-His取代，所述多肽化合物的氨基酸序列为：
化合物16(SEQ ID NO:16)：
Ac-Thr-(D-His)-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2。
在一实施例中，本发明的母体肽的N端经乙酰化，且第3位氨基酸His被D-His取代，所述多肽化合物的氨基酸序列为：
化合物17(SEQ ID NO:17)：
Ac-Thr-His-(D-His)-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2。
在一实施例中，本发明的母体肽的N端经乙酰化，且第4位氨基酸Arg被D-Arg取代，所述多肽化合物的氨基酸序列为：
化合物18(SEQ ID NO:18)：
Ac-Thr-His-His-(D-Arg)-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2。
在一实施例中，本发明的母体肽的N端经乙酰化，且第5位氨基酸Pro被D-Pro取代，所述多肽化合物的氨基酸序列为：
化合物19(SEQ ID NO:19)：
Ac-Thr-His-His-Arg-(D-Pro)-Trp-Thr-NH2。
在一实施例中，本发明的多肽化合物为环肽，其氨基酸序列选自以下任意一种：
化合物20(SEQ ID NO:20)：
化合物21(SEQ ID NO:21)：
本发明还提供一种该多肽化合物在制备用于预防或直接或间接治疗肾纤 维化或者以其为特征的病症的药物中的应用。
肾纤维化(renal fibrosis)是慢性肾脏疾病最终导致终末肾功能衰竭的共同通路。以肾纤维化为特征的病症包括：慢性肾小球肾炎、慢性肾盂肾炎、阻塞性肾病、系统性红斑狼疮性肾病、遗传性肾病如Alport综合征、糖尿病肾病、高血压性肾病、药源性肾病、乙肝或艾滋病病毒引起的肾病及肾移植等。
本发明还提供一种含有本发明多肽化合物的药物组合物，该药物组合物以所述多肽化合物作为活性成分添加至少一种药学上可接受的载体和/或辅料制成。
本领域技术人员可以理解，本发明的药物组合物适用于各种给药方式，例如口服给药、经皮给药、静脉给药、肌肉内给药、局部给药、经鼻给药等。根据所采用的给药方式，可将本发明的多肽药物组合物制成各种合适的剂型，其中包含至少一种有效量的本发明的多肽和至少一种药学上可接受的药用载体。
适当剂型的实例为片剂、胶囊、糖衣片剂、粒剂、口服溶液和糖浆、用于皮肤表面的油膏和药贴、气雾剂、鼻喷剂、以及可用于注射的无菌溶液。
含有本发明多肽化合物的药物组合物可以制成溶液或者冻干粉以用于胃肠外给药，在使用前可加入适当溶剂或其他可药用的载体将粉末重新配制，液体配方一般是缓冲液、等渗溶液和水溶液。
本发明的多肽化合物在药物组合物中的用量可以在较大范围内变动，本领域技术人员可以根据一些客观的因素如疾病的种类、病情严重程度、患者体重、剂型、给药途径等因素很容易地加以确定。
本发明的优点在于：
1)本发明的多肽化合物具有良好的生物学活性；
2)在药物的药代实验中，本发明的多肽化合物显示出良好的稳定性，本发明的多肽化合物易于放大生产，成本低；
3)与小分子化合物相比，本发明的多肽化合物具有更低毒性，安全窗口更大，用量更小；
4)本发明人经过大量的实验研究，证明该多肽化合物对肾纤维化具有显著的治疗作用，本发明多肽化合物可用于直接或间接治疗肾纤维化病程所引起的或者以其为特征的病症。
在具体的实施方案中，涉及下述多肽化合物，其具体序列为：
化合物1(涉及SEQ ID NO:1)：
Thr-His-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2
THHRPWT-NH2
化合物2(涉及SEQ ID NO:2)：
Ala-His-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2
AHHRPWT-NH2
化合物3(涉及SEQ ID NO:3)：
Thr-Ala-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2
TAHRPWT-NH2
化合物4(涉及SEQ ID NO:4)：
Thr-His-Ala-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2
THARPWT-NH2
化合物5(涉及SEQ ID NO:5)：
Thr-His-His-Ala-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2
THHAPWT-NH2
化合物6(涉及SEQ ID NO:6)：
Thr-His-His-Arg-Ala-Trp-Thr-NH2
THHRAWT-NH2
化合物7(涉及SEQ ID NO:7)：
Thr-His-His-Arg-Pro-Ala-Thr-NH2
THHRPAT-NH2
化合物8(涉及SEQ ID NO:8)：
Thr-His-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Ala-NH2
THHRPWA-NH2
化合物9(涉及SEQ ID NO:9)：
His-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2
HHRPWT-NH2
化合物10(涉及SEQ ID NO:10)：
His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2
HRPWT-NH2
化合物11(涉及SEQ ID NO:11)：
Thr-Lys-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2
TKHRPWT-NH2
化合物12(涉及SEQ ID NO:12)：
Thr-His-Lys-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2
THKRPWT-NH2
化合物13(涉及SEQ ID NO:13)：
Thr-His-His-Lys-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2
THHKPWT-NH2
化合物14(涉及SEQ ID NO:14)：
Thr-His-His-Arg-Lys-Trp-Thr-NH2
THHRKWT-NH2
化合物15(涉及SEQ ID NO:15)：
Ac-Thr-His-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2
Ac-THHRPWT-NH2
化合物16(涉及SEQ ID NO:16)：
Ac-Thr-(D-His)-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2
Ac-T-(d-H)-HRPWT-NH2
化合物17(涉及SEQ ID NO:17)：
Ac-Thr-His-(D-His)-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2
Ac-TH-(d-H)-RPWT-NH2
化合物18(涉及SEQ ID NO:18)：
Ac-Thr-His-His-(D-Arg)-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2
Ac-THH-(d-R)-PWT-NH2
化合物19(涉及SEQ ID NO:19)：
Ac-Thr-His-His-Arg-(D-Pro)-Trp-Thr-NH2
Ac-THHR-(d-P)-WT-NH2
化合物20(涉及SEQ ID NO:20)：
化合物21(涉及SEQ ID NO:21)：
本发明中所用缩写具体含义如下：
Thr为苏氨酸，Trp为色氨酸，Pro为脯氨酸，Arg为精氨酸，His为组氨 酸，Ala为丙氨酸，Lys为赖氨酸，D-His为D-型组氨酸，D-Arg为D-型精氨酸，D-Pro为D-型脯氨酸，Ac为乙酰基，DMF为N，N-二甲基甲酰胺，TFA为三氟乙酸，TIS为N,N-三异丙基硅烷，DCM为二氯甲烷，DMEM为低糖培养基，GAPDH为甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶，UUO为单侧输尿管结扎，PBS为磷酸缓冲盐溶液。
附图说明
图1为实施例2的多肽化合物在肾小管上皮(HK2)细胞模型中的活性结果。图2为实施例3的小鼠肾脏的H&E染色切片图。
图3为实施例3的小鼠肾脏的马松染色切片图。
图4为实施例3的小鼠肾脏的马松染色切片图中阳性面积的柱状图。
图5为实施例3的小鼠肾脏的天狼猩红染色切片图。
图6为实施例3的小鼠肾脏的天狼猩红切片图中阳性面积的柱状图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述，但是本领域技术人员将会理解，下列实施例仅用于说明本发明，而不应视为限定本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。除非另有说明，否则所用试剂或仪器均可以通过市购获得。
实施例1、多肽化合物的合成
为方便阐述本发明的多肽化合物的合成过程，本实施以多肽化合物1117、20为例，但以下合成过程并不用于限制本发明的多肽化合物的合成过程。
材料：
所有的氨基酸均购自上海吉尔生化公司，树脂是Rink Amide MBHA(loading＝0.36mmol/g)购自西安蓝晓科技公司。如果没有特别说明，其他所有试剂均为分析纯，购自上海泰坦科技有限公司。Phenomenex Luna C18制备柱(20mm×250mm)用来纯化多肽。高效液相色谱仪为Thermofisher公司产品，型号为Ultimate 3000。质谱采用Agilent质谱仪，型号为1260-6120进行测定。
1、多肽化合物11的合成：
多肽化合物11的氨基酸序列：
Thr-Lys-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2
1)肽树脂的偶联：
按照Fmoc保护策略在多肽合成仪上合成如下多肽：
(1)第一步：氨基酸偶联
以Rink Amide MBHA树脂为载体，以1-羟基苯并三唑(3x)和N，N-二异丙基碳二亚胺(3x)为偶联剂，以N，N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂，进行程序反应，依次进行缩合反应连接保护的氨基酸得到：
Thr-Lys-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-Rink Amide MBHA肽树脂，每次缩合反应中1-羟基苯并三唑和N，N-二异丙基碳二亚胺与Fmoc保护氨基酸用量的物质的量比为1：1，脱保护溶液为20％哌啶的DMF溶液。偶联完后，用纯甲醇收缩，真空抽干，得到肽树脂4.2g。
(2)第二步：多肽切割与脱保护
将4.2g肽树脂：
Thr-Lys-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-Rink Amide MBHA肽树脂加入至圆底烧瓶中，在冰浴条件下，加入切割液TFA/TIS/H2O＝95/2.5/2.5(v/v/v)45mL，升温，控制裂解液温度25℃，搅拌反应120分钟。过滤，滤液在搅拌下倒入冰乙醚中。待沉淀完全，离心，倾去上清液，沉淀用N2吹干后，真空抽过夜干燥，得到粗品多肽化合物11共1.2g，其中多肽化合物11的氨基酸序列为：Thr-Lys-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2。
2)纯化转盐
将上述第二步中所得粗品1.2g，用5.0％乙酸在乙腈：H2O＝1：1(体积比)的溶液20mL超声溶解，溶解澄清后用0.45μm的聚四氟乙烯膜过滤，得到过滤后C5滤液。滤液通过20mm反相C18的填充的20mm x 250mm柱上进行2次半制备型HPLC而纯化。用40-60％乙腈-0.1％三氟乙酸/H2O梯度以19mL/min将该柱洗脱60.0分钟，收集含有C5的组分，浓缩除去乙腈后进行转盐冻干。得到HPLC纯度为99.6395％的纯品145mg。用液质联用分析分离出的产物，用液质联用分析分离出的产物，发现质子化分子离子峰的m/z+1值为：933.5，理论值为933.46。
2、多肽化合物17的合成：
多肽化合物17的氨基酸序列：
Ac-Thr-His-(D-His)-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2
1)肽树脂的偶联：
按照Fmoc保护策略在多肽合成仪上合成如下多肽：
(1)第一步：氨基酸偶联
以Rink Amide MBHA树脂为载体，以1-羟基苯并三唑(3x)和N，N-二异丙基碳二亚胺(3x)为偶联剂，以N，N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂，进行程序反应，依次进行缩合反应连接保护的氨基酸得到：
Thr-His-(D-His)-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-Rink Amide MBHA肽树脂，每次缩合反应中1-羟基苯并三唑和N，N-二异丙基碳二亚胺与Fmoc保护氨基酸用量的物质的量比为1：1，脱保护溶液为20％哌啶的DMF溶液。偶联完后，用纯甲醇收缩，真空抽干，得到肽树脂4.2g。
(2)第二步：多肽N端乙酰化
取吡啶，醋酸酐溶于DMF中，通入氩气反应。
(3)第三步：多肽切割与脱保护
将4.2g肽树脂：
Thr-His-(D-His)-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-Rink Amide MBHA肽树脂加入至圆底烧瓶中，在冰浴条件下，加入切割液TFA/TIS/H2O＝95/2.5/2.5(v/v/v)45mL，升温，控制裂解液温度25℃，搅拌反应120分钟。过滤，滤液在搅拌下倒入冰乙醚中。静置1.0小时以上，待沉淀完全，离心，倾去上清液，沉淀用N2吹干后，真空抽过夜干燥，得到粗品化合物17共1.2g，其中多肽化合物17的氨基酸序列序为：Ac-Thr-His-(D-His)-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2。
2)纯化转盐
将上述第三步中所得粗品1.2g用5.0％乙酸在乙腈：H2O＝1：1(体积比)的溶液20mL超声溶解，溶解澄清后用0.45μm的聚四氟乙烯膜过滤，得到过滤后C5滤液。滤液通过20mm反相C18的填充的20mm x 250mm柱上进行2次半制备型HPLC而纯化。用40-60％乙腈-0.1％三氟乙酸/H2O梯度以19mL/min将该柱洗脱60.0分钟，收集含有C5的组分，浓缩除去乙腈后进行转盐冻干。得到HPLC纯度为99.6395％的纯品145mg。用液质联用分析 分离出的产物，用液质联用分析分离出的产物，发现质子化分子离子峰的m/z+1值为：975.47，理论值为975.5。
3、多肽化合物20的合成：
多肽化合物20的氨基酸序列为：
1)线性肽主肽链偶联为环肽：
按照Fmoc保护策略在多肽合成仪上合成如下线性肽树脂：
Thr-Lys-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-γGlu(OAll)-Rink Amide MBHA肽树脂
(1)第一步：氨基酸偶联
以Rink Amide MBHA树脂为载体，以1-羟基苯并三唑(3x)和O-苯并三氮唑-四甲基脲六氟磷酸盐为偶联剂，以N，N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂，进行程序反应，依次进行缩合反应连接保护的氨基酸得Thr-Lys-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-γGlu(OAll)-Rink Amide MBHA线性肽树脂，每次缩合反应中1-羟基苯并三唑和O-苯并三氮唑-四甲基脲六氟磷酸盐与N-Fmoc保护氨基酸用量的物质的量比为3：1，脱保护溶液为20％哌啶的DMF溶液。
(2)第二步：脱OAll保护基
将所得：
Thr-Lys-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-γGlu(OAll)-Rink Amide MBHA肽树脂分散于DMF溶液当中，加入四三苯基膦钯，吗琳，氮气氛围下反应12h，随后依次用DCM(10mL*3)、DMF(10mL*3)洗涤，抽干。
(3)第三步：首尾酰胺环化
以1-羟基苯并三唑(3x)和O-苯并三氮唑-四甲基脲六氟磷酸盐(3x)为偶联剂，以N，N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂反应4h。偶联完后，用纯甲醇收缩2次，每次15min，真空抽干，称重，得到肽树脂3.8g。
(4)第四步：多肽切割与保护基的脱除
将(3)中所得树脂3.8g转移至圆底烧瓶中，冰浴下，加入切割液TFA/TIS/H2O＝95/2.5/2.5，(V/V/V)40mL，升温，控制裂解液温度25℃，反 应120分钟。过滤，滤饼用少量三氟乙酸洗涤3次，合并滤液。滤液在搅拌下缓慢倒入冰乙醚中。静置1.0小时以上，待沉淀完全。离心，所得沉淀用冰乙醚洗涤3次，得到沉淀物，沉淀用N2吹干后，真空抽过夜干燥，得到粗品化合物20共1.0g。
2)纯化转盐：
将上述第四步中所得粗品1.0g，用30mL纯水超声溶解，溶解后用0.45μm的聚四氟乙烯膜过滤，得到过滤后多肽化合物20滤液。滤液通过20mm反相C18的填充的20mm x 250mm柱上进行2次半制备型HPLC而纯化。用15-35％乙腈-0.1％三氟乙酸/H2O梯度以19mL/min将该柱洗脱60.0分钟，收集含有多肽化合物20的组分，浓缩除去乙腈后进行转盐冻干。得到HPLC纯度为99.31％的纯品90mg。用液质联用分析分离出的产物，发现质子化分子离子峰的m/z+1值为：907.07，理论值为907.05。
使用上述多肽化合物11的合成方法合成多肽化合物1-14，使用上述多肽化合物17的合成方法合成多肽化合物15-19，使用上述多肽化合物20的合成方法合成多肽化合物20-21，得到如下表1所示的多肽化合物：
表1、本发明实施例中所合成的多肽化合物结构：

实施例2在肾小管上皮(HK2)细胞模型中多肽化合物的活性评价
使用TGFβ诱导的HK2细胞模型作为体外肝脏纤维化细胞评价模型(HK2细胞购自中国科学院典型培养物保藏中心，中国上海)，对多肽化合物1-21的抗纤维化活性进行初筛，检测纤维化标志物纤连蛋白(FN)的表达情况，多肽化合物1-21采用(100μM)进行细胞孵育24h。对照组给予同样体积的低糖培养基(DMEM)(购自Gibco公司，美国)，甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GAPDH)(购自北京全式金生物有限公司)作为内参，其中FN蛋白是纤维化的一个标志性的特征，结果如图1所示。
图1的结果显示，与GAPDH内参相比，本发明的多肽化合物均有不同程度地对FN具有显著抑制改善活性。实验结果也表明：本发明的多肽化合物在细胞层面能抑制纤维化的生成，同时也提示：本发明的多肽化合物可潜在的用于器官纤维化及器官疾病伴随的纤维化病症的研究。
实施例3多肽化合物对UUO诱导的小鼠肾纤维化的改善治疗作用的评价
使用多肽化合物1-21治疗UUO造模后的小鼠，并观察小鼠的肾纤维化改善情况，具体方法如下：
首先，将144只8周左右C57BL/6小鼠，由中山大学实验动物中心提供，随机分为24组，每组6只，分别为：
正常对照组：假手术(Sham)+PBS，
模型对照组：UUO模型+PBS，
模型治疗组：UUO模型+贝那普利(0.3mg/kg)，
多肽化合物治疗组：
多肽化合物1组：UUO模型+多肽化合物1(1mg/kg)，
多肽化合物2组：UUO模型+多肽化合物2(1mg/kg)，
多肽化合物3组：UUO模型+多肽化合物3(1mg/kg)，
多肽化合物4组：UUO模型+多肽化合物4(1mg/kg)，
多肽化合物5组：UUO模型+多肽化合物5(1mg/kg)，
多肽化合物6组：UUO模型+多肽化合物6(1mg/kg)，
多肽化合物7组：UUO模型+多肽化合物7(1mg/kg)，
多肽化合物8组：UUO模型+多肽化合物8(1mg/kg)，
多肽化合物9组：UUO模型+多肽化合物9(1mg/kg)，
多肽化合物10组：UUO模型+多肽化合物10(1mg/kg)，
多肽化合物11组：UUO模型+多肽化合物11(1mg/kg)，
多肽化合物12组：UUO模型+多肽化合物12(1mg/kg)，
多肽化合物13组：UUO模型+多肽化合物13(1mg/kg)，
多肽化合物14组：UUO模型+多肽化合物14(1mg/kg)，
多肽化合物15组：UUO模型+多肽化合物15(1mg/kg)，
多肽化合物16组：UUO模型+多肽化合物16(1mg/kg)，
多肽化合物17组：UUO模型+多肽化合物17(1mg/kg)，
多肽化合物18组：UUO模型+多肽化合物18(1mg/kg)，
多肽化合物19组：UUO模型+多肽化合物19(1mg/kg)，
多肽化合物20组：UUO模型+多肽化合物20(1mg/kg)，
多肽化合物21组：UUO模型+多肽化合物21(1mg/kg)。
UUO模型、Sham手术及术后给药按照以下步骤进行：
1)UUO模型：将C57BL/6小鼠称重，腹腔注射5％水合三氯乙醛(生理盐水配制)麻醉小鼠(以10μL/g剂量)；将小鼠腹部毛发剔除，剔除毛发后将小鼠固定在操作板上，用碘伏在腹部消毒两次，在腹部靠左侧切开近1cm左右的切口，暴露出肾脏，用显微镊分离出输尿管，在靠近肾脏这端的输尿管用线打结，同样在靠近膀胱这端的输尿管用线打结，最后从两结中间剪断输尿管；在小鼠腹部滴加100μL双抗，最后依次缝合肌肉、皮肤开口。
2)Sham手术：C57BL/6小鼠称重，腹腔注射5％水合三氯乙醛(生理盐水配制)麻醉小鼠(以10μL/g剂量)；将小鼠腹部毛发剔除，剔除毛发后将小鼠固定在操作板上，用碘伏在腹部消毒两次，在腹部靠左侧切开近1cm左右的切口，暴露出肾脏，用显微镊分离出输尿管，将内脏物小心放回腹腔中，在小鼠腹部滴加100μL双抗，最后依次缝合肌肉、皮肤开口。
3)术后给药：手术后第二天腹腔给药，正常对照组给予PBS，模型对照组给予PBS，模型治疗组给予0.3mg/kg贝那普利，多肽化合物治疗组分别给予1mg/kg多肽化合物1-21，于每天上午10点给药一次，给药两周。
手术后每天给小鼠称一次体重并记录，观察小鼠的生理状况，给药14天后，实验结束，小鼠取材前一天晚上禁食。取材时给小鼠称重，使用乙醚麻醉后眼眶取血收于已灭菌的1.5mL的ep管中(取血量约600μL)，将小鼠血取净后，以4000rpm转速，室温离心15分钟，吸取上清至一新的灭菌的1.5mL的ep管中，离心两次，将最终的血清-20℃储存以备血清学检测；将小鼠固定在操作板上，沿小鼠中线切开，小心取出未处理的右肾置于离心管中，将左肾取出，轻轻剥除肾膜，称其肾脏重量，拍照，再用手术刀片将肾脏沿正中矢状面纵向剖开，其中一部分肾脏浸泡入新配置的10％福尔马林溶液中固定，用于组织病理检查，另一部分肾脏置于一已灭菌的1.5mL的ep管-80℃储存，用于蛋白质和RNA检查。
取上述浸泡于新配置的10％福尔马林溶液的肾脏，包蜡，切片，并分别进行苏木素-伊红(H&E)染色、天狼腥红染色以及马松染色。H&E染色：烘片、脱蜡；苏木素染色7分钟、自来水冲洗干净、1％盐酸乙醇分化1s、自来水冲洗、伊红染色、自来水冲洗、脱水透明、晾干、树胶封片。
天狼猩红染色：烘片、脱蜡；双蒸水中静置5.0分钟；暗室中天狼腥红染色60-80分钟；0.5％冰醋酸涮洗5s；脱水透明，封片，拍照。
Masson染色：烘片、脱蜡；媒染；天青石蓝染色液滴染2-3min、水洗；Mayer苏木素染色液滴染、水洗；酸性乙醇分化液分化数秒、自来水冲洗；丽春红品红染液滴染、蒸馏水冲洗；磷钼酸溶液处理；滴入苯胺蓝染液5min；弱酸溶液处理2min；脱水透明、晾干、树胶封片。
在UUO诱导的小鼠肾纤维模型中，肾脏表现的特征为：肾小管严重萎缩，肾小管间隙明显增大，免疫细胞增多，正常肾脏组织结构被破坏等。
图2为本实施例的小鼠肾脏的H&E染色切片图。从图2的结果可以看出，正常对照组小鼠的肾小管清晰，且无明显间隙；然而与正常对照组对比，模型对照组小鼠的肾小管严重萎缩，肾小管间隙明显增大，免疫细胞增多，正常肾脏组织结构被破坏；而模型治疗组和多肽化合物治疗组中小鼠组织形态则有明显改善。由此可以说明，本发明的多肽化合物能够明显改善肾小管萎缩以及肾小管间隙。
图3为实施例3的小鼠肾脏的马松染色切片图，图4为实施例3的小鼠肾脏的马松染色切片图中阳性面积的柱状图。Masson染色主要用于组织中纤维的染色，其中胶原纤维被染为蓝色，肌纤维被染成红色。从小鼠病理切片的Masson染色结果中显示，正常对照组小鼠切片中主要呈现出红色的肌纤维，其中含有少量蓝色的胶原纤维，表明正常肾脏中胶原纤维占总组织的小部分；然而在模型对照组小鼠的病理切片染色中，蓝色的胶原纤维占据了肾脏组织的绝大部分，几乎丧失正常的肾脏形态；与模型对照组对比，经本发明的多肽化合物给药治疗后的小鼠组织切片染色结果明显得到改善，蓝色胶原纤维占比明显下降，且能看到部分肾脏形态，本发明的多肽化合物对胶原纤维明显的抑制作用。由此证明，本发明的多肽化合物对于肾脏纤维化具有明显的治疗作用。
图5为实施例3的小鼠肾脏的天狼猩红染色切片图，图6为实施例3的小鼠肾脏的天狼猩红切片图中阳性面积的柱状图。
从图5和图6的结果可以看出，模型对照组对比，经本发明的多肽化合物治疗的小鼠肾脏纤维化程度显著减轻，由此证明本发明的多肽化合物能够减轻肾纤维化程度。
从H&E染色、Masson染色和天狼猩红染色的结果可以看出，本发明的多 肽化合物对肾脏纤维化能够减轻肾纤维化程度和治疗肾纤维化。
综上所述，本发明的多肽化合物对于肾纤维化具有良好的改善或治疗效果。
当然，本发明还可有其它多种实施例，在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下，熟悉本领域的技术人员当可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形，但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明所附的权利要求书所界定的保护范围。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种多肽化合物，其中包括：
    Thr-His-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2(SEQ ID NO:1)表示的母体肽；或者
    将所述母体肽中第1-7位的任一氨基酸经Ala取代、或者第2-5位的任一氨基酸经Lys或D型氨基酸取代、或者缺失第1位Thr或/和第2位His、或者N端经乙酰化得到的由所述母体肽衍生的多肽化合物。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的多肽化合物，其特征在于，所述多肽化合物为直链肽，或者为所述氨基酸序列中的第1位Thr与第7位Thr通过形成酰胺键连接形成的环肽。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的多肽化合物，其特征在于，所述母体肽中第1-7位的任一氨基酸经Ala取代后，所述多肽化合物的氨基酸序列选自以下任意一种：
    化合物2(SEQ ID NO:2)：
    Ala-His-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2；
    化合物3(SEQ ID NO:3)：
    Thr-Ala-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2；
    化合物4(SEQ ID NO:4)：
    Thr-His-Ala-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2；
    化合物5(SEQ ID NO:5)：
    Thr-His-His-Ala-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2；
    化合物6(SEQ ID NO:6)：
    Thr-His-His-Arg-Ala-Trp-Thr-NH2；
    化合物7(SEQ ID NO:7)：
    Thr-His-His-Arg-Pro-Ala-Thr-NH2；或
    化合物8(SEQ ID NO:8)：
    Thr-His-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Ala-NH2。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的多肽化合物，其特征在于，所述母体肽缺失第1位Thr或/和第2位His，所述多肽化合物的氨基酸序列选自以下任意一种：
    化合物9(SEQ ID NO:9)：
    His-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2；或
    化合物10(SEQ ID NO:10)：
    His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的多肽化合物，其特征在于，所述母体肽的第2至5位的任一氨基酸经Lys取代，所述多肽化合物的氨基酸序列选自以下任意一种：
    化合物11(SEQ ID NO:11)：
    Thr-Lys-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2；
    化合物12(SEQ ID NO:12)：
    Thr-His-Lys-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2；
    化合物13(SEQ ID NO:13)：
    Thr-His-His-Lys-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2；或
    化合物14(SEQ ID NO:14)：
    Thr-His-His-Arg-Lys-Trp-Thr-NH2。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的多肽化合物，其特征在于，所述母体肽的N端经乙酰化，所述多肽化合物的氨基酸序列为：
    化合物15(SEQ ID NO:15)：
    Ac-Thr-His-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的多肽化合物，其特征在于，所述母体肽的N端经乙酰化，且第2位氨基酸His被D-His取代，所述多肽化合物的氨基酸序列为：
    化合物16(SEQ ID NO:16)：
    Ac-Thr-(D-His)-His-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的多肽化合物，其特征在于，所述母体肽的N端经乙酰化，且第3位氨基酸His被D-His取代，所述多肽化合物的氨基酸序列为：
    化合物17(SEQ ID NO:17)：
    Ac-Thr-His-(D-His)-Arg-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的多肽化合物，其特征在于，所述母体肽的N端经乙酰化，且第4位氨基酸Arg被D-Arg取代，所述多肽化合物的氨基酸序列为：
    化合物18(SEQ ID NO:18)：
    Ac-Thr-His-His-(D-Arg)-Pro-Trp-Thr-NH2。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的多肽化合物，其特征在于，所述母体肽的N端经乙酰化，且第5位氨基酸Pro被D-Pro取代，所述多肽化合物的氨基酸序列为：
    化合物19(SEQ ID NO:19)：
    Ac-Thr-His-His-Arg-(D-Pro)-Trp-Thr-NH2。
  11. 根据权利要求2所述的多肽化合物，其特征在于，所述多肽化合物为环肽，其氨基酸序列选自以下任意一种：
    化合物20(SEQ ID NO:20)：
    化合物21(SEQ ID NO:21)：
  12. 一种权利要求1-11任一项所述的多肽化合物在制备用于预防或直接或间接治疗肾纤维化或者以其为特征的病症的药物中的应用。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的应用，所述以肾纤维化为特征的病症包括：慢性肾小球肾炎、慢性肾盂肾炎、阻塞性肾病、系统性红斑狼疮性肾病、遗传性肾病、Alport综合征、糖尿病肾病、高血压性肾病、药源性肾病、乙肝或艾滋病病毒引起的肾病及肾移植。
  14. 一种药物组合物，其特征在于，包含权利要求1-11任一项所述的多肽化合物和至少一种药学上可接受的药用载体和/或辅料。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的药物组合物，其特征在于，所述药物组合物为片剂、胶囊、糖衣片剂、粒剂、口服溶液、糖浆、用于皮肤表面的油膏和药贴、气雾剂、鼻喷剂以及用于注射的无菌溶液中的至少一种剂型。
PCT/CN2023/080721 2022-03-11 2023-03-10 用于预防和/或治疗肾纤维化的多肽化合物 WO2023169550A1 (zh)

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