WO2023165311A1 - 端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023165311A1
WO2023165311A1 PCT/CN2023/075326 CN2023075326W WO2023165311A1 WO 2023165311 A1 WO2023165311 A1 WO 2023165311A1 CN 2023075326 W CN2023075326 W CN 2023075326W WO 2023165311 A1 WO2023165311 A1 WO 2023165311A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
electrode terminal
battery cells
end cap
end cover
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/075326
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐良帆
许虎
周文林
张倩倩
李星
金海族
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Publication of WO2023165311A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023165311A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
    • H01M50/174—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells
    • H01M50/176—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/528—Fixed electrical connections, i.e. not intended for disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
    • H01M50/55—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on the same side of the cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/553—Terminals adapted for prismatic, pouch or rectangular cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application belongs to the technical field of batteries, and in particular relates to an end cover assembly, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • Battery cells are systems that utilize new renewable energy that can be combined with each other.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide an end cover assembly, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device, which can improve the efficiency problem of the low utilization rate of the internal space of the existing battery.
  • the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides an end cover assembly, including an end cover, a first electrode terminal and a second electrode terminal.
  • a first electrode terminal disposed on the end cover, at least part of the first electrode terminal protrudes from the edge of the end cover along a first direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the end cover;
  • the second electrode terminal is arranged on the end cover and spaced apart from the first electrode terminal.
  • the first electrode terminal protrudes from the edge of the end cap.
  • the end cover assembly is configured such that: when a plurality of battery cells are arranged along the first direction, the first electrode terminal is used to communicate with the adjacent battery The second electrode terminals of the single body abut against each other.
  • the special-shaped arrangement of the first electrode terminals can overlap each other when adjacent battery cells are arranged in groups, which facilitates welding and fixing between adjacent battery cells, so that while reducing the supporting structure in the battery, it can Maintain the mechanical strength between battery cells, effectively improve the space utilization rate inside the battery, and improve the energy storage capacity of the battery.
  • the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal are arranged along the first direction.
  • the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal are arranged at intervals along the first direction, which can facilitate the arrangement of adjacent battery cells and make the arrangement of the battery cells in the battery more orderly.
  • the first electrode terminal includes a first fitting portion, at least part of the first fitting portion protrudes from the edge of the end cap along the first direction, the The second electrode terminal is provided with a second mating portion; when a plurality of battery cells are arranged along the first direction, the first mating portion is used to communicate with the second mating portion of an adjacent battery cell Match and connect.
  • the arrangement of the first matching part and the second matching part facilitates the arrangement of the battery cells, and enables the positive and negative phases of the battery cells in the battery to be connected sequentially, without additional connection structures and confluence structures. , optimize the mechanical structure inside the battery, and improve the space utilization inside the battery.
  • the second fitting portion includes a groove, and the groove fits with a portion of the first fitting portion protruding from the end cover.
  • the second aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, including: the above-mentioned end cap assembly.
  • a third aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a battery, including a plurality of the above-mentioned battery cells.
  • the first electrode terminal abuts and is connected to the second electrode terminal of the adjacent battery cell.
  • the first electrode terminal is connected to the second electrode terminal of the adjacent battery cell, so that the battery cells in the battery are electrically connected, which facilitates the comprehensive arrangement of the battery cells in the battery and facilitates the optimization of the internal structure of the battery. promote.
  • the first electrode terminal is welded to the second electrode terminal of the adjacent battery cell.
  • the mechanical strength of the connection between adjacent battery cells can be improved through welding connection, the connection structure in the battery can be reduced, and the storage space in the battery can be optimized.
  • an electric device including: the above-mentioned battery.
  • the end cover assembly, battery cell, battery and electrical device Compared with the related technology, in the end cover assembly, battery cell, battery and electrical device according to the embodiment of the present application, through the special-shaped arrangement of the first electrode terminal and/or the second electrode terminal, it is possible to form an adjacent battery cell.
  • the groups When the groups are arranged, they overlap each other, which is convenient for welding and fixing between adjacent battery cells, so that while reducing the support structure in the battery, it can maintain the mechanical strength between the battery cells, effectively improve the space utilization rate inside the battery, and improve the battery capacity. energy storage capacity.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic explosion diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery module of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 .
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic exploded view of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an end cap assembly provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the connection of adjacent battery cells provided by some embodiments of the present application picture.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the connection of adjacent battery cells provided by other embodiments of the present application.
  • First electrode terminal 1. First electrode terminal; 2. Second electrode terminal; 3. Explosion-proof valve; 4. Seal nail; 5. First matching part; 6. Second matching part; 10. Battery cell; 20. Shell; 21. End cover; 22, shell; 30, electrode assembly; 110, box body; 111, first box body part; 112, second box body part; 120, battery module; 100, battery; 200, controller; 300, motor; 1000, vehicle.
  • batteries have been widely used in various fields due to their advantages such as high energy density, high power density, many cycle times and long storage time.
  • energy storage power systems such as water power, fire power, wind power and solar power plants
  • high-power devices such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric vehicles and other electric vehicles, as well as military equipment and Aerospace and other fields.
  • the market's requirements for it are also constantly increasing, and the use safety and energy storage capacity of batteries are the long-term improvement hotspots in the battery field.
  • the energy storage component is a battery cell.
  • the common method is to compress the volume ratio of other components in the battery and increase the volume ratio of the battery cell.
  • the structure of battery cells can be adjusted so that adjacent battery cells are interdependent to form a whole with high strength and sufficient
  • the battery cell which accounts for the largest proportion in the battery, is used to make up for the problem of strength reduction caused by the reduction of the support structure, and can further reduce the support structure in the existing battery, and is generally applicable to the use of the existing battery.
  • the inventor of the present application has designed an end cover assembly, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device after in-depth research.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an electric device using a battery as a power source.
  • the electric device can be, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a notebook computer, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric car, a ship, a spacecraft, and the like.
  • a vehicle 1000 as an electric device according to an embodiment of the present application is taken as an example for description.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the interior of the vehicle 1000 is provided with a battery 100 , and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may further include a controller 200 and a motor 300 , the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and running the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • a battery refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • batteries typically include a case for enclosing one or more battery cells.
  • the box can prevent liquid or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic explosion diagram of a battery 100 provided by some embodiments of this application.
  • the battery 100 includes a case body 110 and a battery cell 10 (not shown in FIG. 2 ), and the battery cell 10 is accommodated in the case body 110 .
  • the box body 110 is used for accommodating the battery cells 10 , and the box body 110 may have various structures.
  • the box body 110 may include a first box body part 111 and a second box body part 112, the first box body part 111 and the second box body part 112 cover each other, the first box body part 111 and the second box body part 112
  • the two box parts 112 jointly define an accommodating space for accommodating the battery cells 10 .
  • the second box part 112 can be a hollow structure with an opening at one end.
  • the first box part 111 is a plate-shaped structure.
  • Casing 110; the first casing part 111 and the second casing part 112 also all can be the hollow structure of one side opening, and the opening side of the first casing part 111 covers the opening side of the second casing part 112, To form a box body 110 with a containing space.
  • a sealing member such as a sealant, a sealing ring, etc., may also be provided between the first box portion 111 and the second box portion 112 .
  • the first box part 111 covers the top of the second box part 112
  • the first box part 111 can also be called an upper box cover
  • the second box part 112 can also be called a lower box.
  • the battery 100 there may be one battery cell 10, or there may be a plurality of them. If there are multiple battery cells 10 , the multiple battery cells 10 can be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel.
  • the mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 10 are both in series and in parallel.
  • a plurality of battery cells 10 can be directly connected in series, in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of a plurality of battery cells 10 is accommodated in the box 110; of course, a plurality of battery cells 10 can also be connected in series first
  • the battery modules 120 are formed by connecting in parallel or in series, and multiple battery modules 120 are connected in series, in parallel or in series to form a whole, and are accommodated in the case 110 .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery module 120 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • There are multiple battery cells 10 and the multiple battery cells 10 are connected in series, in parallel or in parallel to form a battery module 120 .
  • a plurality of battery modules 120 are connected in series, in parallel or in parallel to form a whole, and accommodated in the case 110 .
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic exploded view of a battery cell 10 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 10 provided by the embodiment of the present application includes an electrode assembly 30 and a casing 20 , and the electrode assembly 30 is accommodated in the casing 20 .
  • housing 20 may also be used to contain electrolyte, such as electrolytic solution.
  • the shell 20 can be in various structural forms, such as cuboid and so on. Exemplarily, the shape of the casing 20 may be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode assembly 30 . If the electrode assembly 30 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure, a rectangular parallelepiped shell can be selected.
  • the housing 20 may include a housing 22 and an end cover 21, the housing 22 is a hollow structure with one side open, the end cover 21 covers the opening of the housing 22 and forms a sealed connection, so as to form a A sealed space that accommodates the electrode assembly 30 and the electrolyte.
  • the housing 22 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, cuboid and so on.
  • the shape of the casing 22 may be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode assembly 30 .
  • the cylindrical casing 22 can be selected; if the electrode assembly 30 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure, the rectangular parallelepiped casing 22 can be selected.
  • the end cap 21 can also be of various structures, for example, the end cap 21 is a plate-shaped structure, a hollow structure with one end open, and the like.
  • the shell The body 22 is a cuboid structure, and the end cover 21 is a plate structure, and the end cover 21 covers the opening at the top of the housing 22 .
  • the battery cell 10 may further include a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal, both of which are mounted on the end cap 21 . Both the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal are used to electrically connect with the electrode assembly 30 to output electric energy generated by the electrode assembly 30 .
  • the housing 20 can also be of other structures.
  • the housing 20 includes a housing 22 and two end covers 21.
  • the housing 22 is a hollow structure with openings on opposite sides, and one end cover 21 is correspondingly closed.
  • An opening of the casing 22 is sealed and connected to form a sealed space for containing the electrode assembly 30 and the electrolyte.
  • the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal can be installed on the same end cap 21 or on different end caps 21 .
  • the battery cell 10 there may be one or more electrode assemblies 30 housed in the case 20 .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an end cap assembly 21 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the first direction is the x-axis direction in FIG. 5 .
  • some embodiments of the present application provide an end cover assembly 21 , including an end cover 21 , a first electrode terminal 1 and a second electrode terminal 2 .
  • the first electrode terminal 1 is disposed on the end cover 21 , at least part of the first electrode terminal 1 protrudes from the edge of the end cover 21 along a first direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the end cover 21 .
  • the second electrode terminal 2 is disposed on the end cap 21 and spaced apart from the first electrode terminal 1 .
  • an explosion-proof valve 3 and a sealing nail 4 may also be provided between the first electrode terminal 1 and the second electrode terminal 2 .
  • the battery cells are arranged in multiple rows and columns, at least one of the first electrode terminals 1 and the second electrode terminals 2 on the battery cells at the beginning and end of the row or the end of the column is along the Two directions protrude from the end cover 21 .
  • the second direction is not parallel to the first direction, and the second direction can be determined according to the arrangement of the battery cells.
  • the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the first electrode terminal 1 and the second electrode terminal 2 may be in a rectangular shape and attached to the end cap 21 .
  • the side of the first electrode terminal 1 and the second electrode terminal 2 that is away from the center of the end cover 21 along the first direction protrudes from the end cover 21, and at least protrudes from the end cover 21 for a predetermined extension. length.
  • the preset length can be determined according to the interval between adjacent battery cells when the battery cells are arranged along the first direction.
  • the first direction can be set according to the shape of the end cap 21 , so that the first electrode terminal 1 and the second electrode terminal 2 extend in a plane perpendicular to the thickness of the end cap 21 .
  • the first direction is the long axis direction of the end cap 21 ; when the end cap 21 is circular, the first direction is any diameter direction of the end cap 21 .
  • the first electrode terminal 1 and the second electrode terminal 2 are the positive and negative poles of the battery cells respectively.
  • the first electrode terminal 1 and the second electrode terminal 2 are respectively They are arranged at both ends of the end cover 21 in the first direction.
  • the first electrode terminal 1 may include a first pole and a first extension piece
  • the second electrode terminal 2 may include a second pole and a second extension piece.
  • one of the first extension piece and the second extension piece at least partially protrudes from the edge of the end cover 21 along the first direction.
  • the first electrode terminal 1 and the second electrode terminal 2 may be positive poles or negative poles, respectively. Specifically, when the first electrode terminal 1 is a positive pole, the second electrode terminal 2 is a negative pole; when the first electrode terminal 1 is a negative pole, the second electrode terminal 2 is a positive pole.
  • both ends of the end cover 21 are provided with installation holes for introducing the first electrode terminal 1 and the second electrode terminal 2, and the first pole and the second pole are installed on both ends of the end cover 21 in the first direction.
  • an insulating gasket is provided to prevent the second pole from being electrically connected to the end cap 21.
  • the first extension piece and the second extension piece are arranged at one end of the installation hole.
  • a resistor between the first extension piece and the end cap 21 is also provided on the first pole for electrically connecting the first extension piece and the end cap 21 .
  • the resistor can be in the shape of a ring or a cylinder.
  • the edge of the protruding end cap 21 of the first electrode terminal 1 Through the setting of the edge of the protruding end cap 21 of the first electrode terminal 1, it is possible to facilitate the electrical connection between adjacent battery cells in the battery through the electrode terminals, realize the parallel connection, series connection or mixed connection of multiple battery cells, and speed up battery assembly. Increase the efficiency, improve the mechanical strength of the battery, and reduce the setting of converging parts between multiple battery cells in the battery, and improve the space utilization rate in the battery.
  • the end cap 21 assembly is configured such that when a plurality of battery cells are arranged along a first direction, the first electrode terminal 1 is used to communicate with the second electrode terminal 1 of an adjacent battery cell.
  • the electrode terminals 2 are in contact with each other.
  • the first electrode terminal 1 when a plurality of battery cells are arranged along the first direction, the first electrode terminal 1 It can extend into the second electrode terminal 2 of the adjacent battery cell and be connected with it. Specifically, when arranged, the distance between adjacent battery cells is less than twice the preset length, so that the first electrode terminal 1 and the adjacent second electrode terminal 2 are in close contact.
  • the battery cells can be arranged in an array of multiple rows and columns in the battery 100, and on the battery cells at the two ends of the row or column in the first direction, the direction in which the first electrode terminal 1 protrudes from the end cap 21 is the same as that of the row or column.
  • the protrusions of the first electrode terminals 1 on the battery cells in the row are perpendicular to each other.
  • the abutment between the first electrode terminal 1 and the second electrode terminal 2 can overlap each other when the adjacent battery cells are arranged in groups, which facilitates the electrical connection between adjacent battery cells and facilitates the connection between adjacent battery cells. Welding and fixing, so that while reducing the supporting structure in the battery, it can maintain the mechanical strength between the battery cells, effectively improve the space utilization rate inside the battery, and improve the energy storage capacity of the battery.
  • the first electrode terminals 1 and the second electrode terminals 2 are arranged along a first direction.
  • the first electrode terminals 1 and the second electrode terminals 2 are arranged at intervals along the first direction, which can facilitate the arrangement of adjacent battery cells and make the arrangement of the battery cells in the battery more orderly.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the connection of adjacent battery cells provided by some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the connection of adjacent battery cells provided by other embodiments of the present application.
  • the first electrode terminal 1 includes a first matching portion 5, at least part of the first matching portion 5 protrudes from the edge of the end cap 21 along the first direction
  • the second electrode The terminal 2 is provided with a second mating portion 6; when a plurality of battery cells are arranged along the first direction, the first mating portion 5 is used to match and connect with the second mating portion 6 of an adjacent battery cell.
  • the first mating portion 5 is a boss protruding along the first direction.
  • the boss When a plurality of battery cells are arranged along the first direction, the boss abuts against the second part of the adjacent battery cell.
  • the first mating portion 5 is a connecting hook extending along the first direction, and the connecting hook protrudes from the edge of the end cover 21.
  • the connecting hook is connected to the On the second mating part 6 on the adjacent battery cell.
  • the setting of the first matching part 5 and the second matching part 6 facilitates the preset arrangement among multiple battery cells, and the subsequent same welding can make the positive and negative phases of the battery cells in the battery 100 be connected sequentially without additional
  • An additional connection structure and confluence structure are set up to optimize the mechanical structure in the battery and improve Space utilization inside the battery.
  • the second fitting portion 6 includes a groove, and the groove fits with the portion of the first fitting portion 5 protruding from the end cover 21 .
  • the second matching portion 6 is a groove depressed along the first direction, and the boss on the first matching portion 5 of an adjacent battery cell can be abutted in the groove.
  • the second fitting portion 6 is a groove extending along the thickness direction of the end cover 21 , and the connecting hooks on the first fitting portion 5 of adjacent battery cells can be hooked into the groove.
  • the first electrode terminal 1 is welded to the second electrode terminal 2 of the adjacent battery cell.
  • the first electrode terminal 1 is welded to the second electrode terminal 2 of an adjacent battery cell through the first matching portion 5 and the second matching portion 6 .
  • the first electrode terminal 1 and the second electrode terminal 2 of the adjacent battery cell can also be fixed by clamping, buckling, bolting and other means.
  • the connection strength between adjacent battery cells can be strengthened, and the additional support structure between adjacent battery cells can be reduced.
  • the aforementioned The structure can also realize the electrical connection between connected battery cells, reduce the converging components in the battery, and further increase the effective space in the battery.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

本申请实施方式提供了一种端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置，端盖组件，包括：端盖；以及第一电极端子，设置于所述端盖，所述第一电极端子的至少部分沿第一方向凸出于所述端盖的边缘，所述第一方向垂直于所述端盖的厚度方向；第二电极端子，设置于所述端盖并与所述第一电极端子间隔设置。通过第一电极端子的异形设置，能够便于电池内相邻电池单体间电连接，加快电池组装效率，提高电池机械强度。

Description

端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2022年3月4日提交的名称为“端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置”的中国专利申请202210213405.8的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请属于电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置。
背景技术
随着自然资源的消耗及环境的破坏日益加重，各领域中对可以储存能量并有效地利用储存能量的装置兴趣日益增长。电池单体是可以彼此结合的利用新的可再生能量的系统。
在电池技术领域中，如何提高电池的能量密度，是电池技术中一个研究方向。
发明内容
本申请实施方式提供了一种端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置，能够改善现有电池内部空间利用率较低的效率问题。
本申请实施方式的第一方面，提供了一种端盖组件，包括端盖、第一电极端子与第二电极端子。
第一电极端子，设置于所述端盖，所述第一电极端子的至少部分沿第一方向凸出于所述端盖的边缘，所述第一方向垂直于所述端盖的厚度方向；第二电极端子，设置于所述端盖并与所述第一电极端子间隔设置。
在上述方案中，第一电极端子的至少部分凸出于所述端盖的边缘， 以便于第一电极端子与其它的电池单体的电极端子直接相连，从而省去转接结构，便于实现电池单体之间的电连接，提高电池内部的空间利用率和能量密度，增强电池整体的强度。
在本申请的一些可选实施方式中，所述端盖组件被配置为：当多个电池单体沿所述第一方向布置时，所述第一电极端子用于与相邻的所述电池单体的所述第二电极端子相抵接。
采用上述结构，第一电极端子的异形设置，能够在相邻电池单体成组排列时，相互交叠，便于相邻电池单体间焊接固定，从而在减少电池内的支撑结构的同时，能够维持电池单体间的机械强度，有效提升电池内部的空间利用率，提高电池储能能力。
在本申请的一些可选实施方式中，所述第一电极端子和所述第二电极端子沿所述第一方向布置。
采用上述结构，第一电极端子及第二电极端子沿第一方向上间隔设置，能够便于相邻电池单体间的排布，使电池内的电池单体排布更整齐。
在本申请的一些可选实施方式中，所述第一电极端子包括第一配合部，所述第一配合部的至少部分沿所述第一方向凸出于所述端盖的边缘，所述第二电极端子设有第二配合部；当多个电池单体沿所述第一方向布置时，所述第一配合部用于与相邻的所述电池单体的所述第二配合部匹配并连接。
采用上述结构，第一配合部、第二配合部的设置，便于电池单体排布，能够使电池内的各电池单体间依次正负相连接，不需要加设额外的连接结构、汇流结构，优化了电池内的机械结构，提高电池内部的空间利用率。
在本申请的一些可选实施方式中，所述第二配合部包括凹槽，所述凹槽与所述第一配合部凸出于所述端盖的部分相配合。
采用上述结构，通过凹槽的设置，便于电池单体间，先沿预设位置拼接排布，在统一完成后续固定工作，如焊接等，便于生产线加工，显著提高生产效率。
本申请实施方式的第二方面，提供了一种电池单体，包括：上述 的端盖组件。
本申请实施方式的第三方面，提供了一种电池，包括多个上述的电池单体。
在本申请的一些可选实施方式中，所述第一电极端子与相邻的所述电池单体的第二电极端子相抵并连接。
采用上述结构，第一电极端子与相邻电池单体的第二电极端子相连接，使电池内电池单体间实现电连接，便于电池单体在电池内综合排布，便于电池内结构的优化提升。
在本申请的一些可选实施方式中，所述第一电极端子与相邻的所述电池单体的第二电极端子间焊接连接。
采用上述结构，通过焊接连接，能够提升相邻电池单体间连接的机械强度，减少电池内的连接结构，优化电池内的储存空间。
本申请实施方式的第四方面，提供了一种用电装置，包括：上述的电池。
与相关技术相比，本申请实施方式的端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置中，通过第一电极端子和/或第二电极端子的异形设置，能够在相邻电池单体成组排列时，相互交叠，便于相邻电池单体间焊接固定，从而在减少电池内的支撑结构的同时，能够维持电池单体间的机械强度，有效提升电池内部的空间利用率，提高电池储能能力。
附图说明
下面将参考附图来描述本申请示例性实施例的特征、优点和技术效果。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图。
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸示意图。
图3为图2所示实施例的电池模块的结构示意图。
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的爆炸示意图。
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的端盖组件的结构示意图。
图6为本申请一些实施例提供的相邻电池单体连接处的结构示意 图。
图7为本申请另一些实施例提供的相邻电池单体连接处的结构示意图。
附图中：
1、第一电极端子；2、第二电极端子；3、防爆阀；4、密封钉；5、第一配合部；6、第二配合部；10、电池单体；20、外壳；21、端盖；22、壳体；30、电极组件；110、箱体；111、第一箱体部；112、第二箱体部；120、电池模块；100、电池；200、控制器；300、马达；1000、车辆。
在附图中，附图未必按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本申请所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的 具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
目前，从市场发展前景及应用趋势来看，由于电池具有能量密度高、功率密度高、循环使用次数多和存储时间长等优点，已经在多种领域中得到广泛的利用。如被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被应用于为高功率的装置提供动力，如电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着电池应用领域的不断扩大，市场对其的要求也在不断提高，而对于电池的使用安全性及储能能力，是电池领域中长期追求的改进热点。目前电池的结构中，储能部件为电池单体，为了提高电池储能能力，其常用手段是压缩电池内其他组件的体积占比，提高电池单体的体积占比。
本申请发明人注意到，现有电池结构中，过度压缩其他组件，而增大电池单体的体积，会造成电池机械强度下降。实际应用中，尤其以载具电池为例，其工作环境中震动明显，在电池内结构强度低的情况下，易出现碰撞漏液，甚至引发更严重的安全问题，不利于长久发展。
为了缓解现有电池中储能能力与安全性间的矛盾，申请人研究发现，可以对电池单体结构做出调整，使相邻电池单体间相互依存，形成强度较高的整体，充分的利用了电池中，占比最大的电池单体，以弥补减少支撑架构导致的强度下降的问题，并能进一步减少对现有电池中的支撑结构，普适于现有电池的使用。
基于以上考虑，为了解决现有电池的储能能力与安全性间的矛盾，本申请发明人经过深入研究，设计了一种端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作为电源的用电装置，用电装置可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请一实施例的一种用电装置为车辆1000为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
本申请中，请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸示意图。电池100包括箱体110和电池单体10(图2未示出)，电池单体10容纳于箱体110内。箱体110用于容纳电池单体10，箱体110可以是多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体110可以包括第一箱体部111和第二箱体部112，第一箱体部111与第二箱体部112相互盖合，第一箱体部111和第二箱体部112共同限定出用于容纳电池单体10的容纳空间。第二箱体部112可以是一端开口的空心结构，第一箱体部111为板状结构，第一箱体部111盖合于第二箱体部112的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间的箱体110；第一箱体部111和第二箱体部112也均可以是一侧开口的空心结构，第一箱体部111的开口侧盖合于第二箱体部112的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间的箱体110。
不限地，为提高第一箱体部111与第二箱体部112连接后的密封 性，第一箱体部111与第二箱体部112之间也可以设置密封件，比如，密封胶、密封圈等。且假设第一箱体部111盖合于第二箱体部112的顶部，第一箱体部111亦可称之为上箱盖，第二箱体部112亦可称之为下箱体。
在电池100中，电池单体10可以是一个，也可以是多个。若电池单体10为多个，多个电池单体10之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体10中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体10之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体10构成的整体容纳于箱体110内；当然，也可以是多个电池单体10先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块120，多个电池模块120再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体110内。
本申请中，请参照图3，图3为图2所示的电池模块120的结构示意图。电池单体10为多个，多个电池单体10先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块120。多个电池模块120再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体110内。
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体10的爆炸示意图。如图4所示，本申请实施例提供的电池单体10包括电极组件30和外壳20，电极组件30容纳于外壳20内。
在一些实施例中，外壳20还可用于容纳电解质，例如电解液。外壳20可以是多种结构形式，如长方体等。示例性地，外壳20的形状可根据电极组件30的具体形状来确定。如电极组件30为长方体结构，则可选用长方体外壳。
在一些实施例中，外壳20可以包括壳体22和端盖21，壳体22为一侧开口的空心结构，端盖21盖合于壳体22的开口处并形成密封连接，以形成用于容纳电极组件30和电解质的密封空间。
不限地，壳体22可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。壳体22的形状可根据电极组件30的具体形状来确定。比如，若电极组件30为圆柱体结构，则可选用为圆柱体壳体22；若电极组件30为长方体结构，则可选用长方体壳体22。当然，端盖21也可以是多种结构，比如，端盖21为板状结构、一端开口的空心结构等。示例性的，在图4中，壳 体22为长方体结构，端盖21为板状结构，端盖21盖合于壳体22顶部的开口处。
在一些实施例中，电池单体10还可以包括正极电极端子和负极电极端子，正极电极端子和负极电极端子均安装于端盖21上。正极电极端子和负极电极端子均用于与电极组件30电连接，以输出电极组件30所产生的电能。
在另一些实施例中，外壳20也可以是其他结构，比如，外壳20包括壳体22和两个端盖21，壳体22为相对的两侧开口的空心结构，一个端盖21对应盖合于壳体22的一个开口处并形成密封连接，以形成用于容纳电极组件30和电解质的密封空间。在这种结构中，正极电极端子和负极电极端子可安装在同一个端盖21上，也可以安装在不同的端盖21上。
不限地，在电池单体10中，容纳于外壳20内的电极组件30可以是一个，也可以是多个。示例性地，外壳20内的电极组件30设置有两个以上。
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的端盖组件21的结构示意图。且本申请实施例中第一方向为图5中x轴方向。如图5所示，本申请一些实施方式，提供了一种端盖组件21，包括端盖21、第一电极端子1及第二电极端子2。第一电极端子1设置于端盖21，第一电极端子1的至少部分沿第一方向凸出于端盖21的边缘，第一方向垂直于端盖21的厚度方向。第二电极端子2设置于端盖21并与第一电极端子1间隔设置。
示例性地，参照图5，第一电极端子1及第二电极端子2间还可设置有防爆阀3及密封钉4。不限地，当排布设置的电池单体为多行多列设置时，行首末或列首末处电池单体上的第一电极端子1及第二电极端子2中至少有一者沿第二方向凸出于端盖21。具体地，第二方向与第一方向不平行，且第二方向可根据电池单体的排布确定。示例性地，第二方向与第一方向相垂直。
不限地，第一电极端子1及第二电极端子2可呈矩形状，并与端盖21相贴合。不限地，第一电极端子1及第二电极端子2上沿第一方向上远离端盖21中心部的一侧，凸出于端盖21，并至少凸出端盖21延伸预设 长度。具体地，预设长度可根据电池单体沿第一方向排布时，相邻电池单体间的间隔确定。
不限地，第一方向可根据端盖21的形状进行设置，使第一电极端子1及第二电极端子2在垂直于端盖21厚度的平面内延伸。示例性地，当端盖21为矩形状时，第一方向为端盖21长轴方向；当端盖21为圆形状时，第一方向为端盖21的任一直径方向。
不限地，第一电极端子1与第二电极端子2分别为电池单体的正负极，为了保证相邻电池单体间连接的安全性，第一电极端子1及第二电极端2分别设置于端盖21上第一方向上的两端。
不限地，第一电极端子1可包括第一极柱及第一延伸片，第二电极端子2可包括第二极柱及第二延伸片。具体地，第一延伸片及第二延伸片中的一者，至少部分沿第一方向凸出于端盖21的边缘。不限地，第一电极端子1与第二电极端子2可分别为正极极柱或负极极柱。具体地，当第一电极端子1为正极极柱时，第二电极端子2为负极极柱；当第一电极端子1为负极极柱时，第二电极端子2为正极极柱。
不限地，端盖21两端上开有引入第一电极端子1和第二电极端子2的安装孔，第一极柱和第二极柱均安装在端盖21第一方向上两端的安装孔内，且第二极柱与端盖21之间设置有绝缘垫片，防止第二极柱与端盖21电连接。第一延伸片和第二延伸片设置于安装孔的一端。不限地，第一极柱上还设置有第一延伸片与端盖21之间的电阻，用于将第一延伸片与端盖21间电连接。具体地，电阻可以为圆环状或者圆柱状。
通过第一电极端子1的凸出端盖21边缘的设置，能够便于电池内相邻电池单体间可通过电极端子电连接，实现多个电池单体的并联或串联或混联，加快电池组装效率，提高电池机械强度，并减少电池中多个电池单体间汇流部件的设置，提高电池内的空间利用率。
如图5所示，在一些实施例中，端盖21组件被配置为：当多个电池单体沿第一方向布置时，第一电极端子1用于与相邻的电池单体的第二电极端子2相抵接。
示例性地，当多个电池单体沿第一方向布置时，第一电极端子1 可伸入相邻电池单体的第二电极端子2内，并与其相连接。具体地，排布时，相邻电池单体间的间隔小于两倍的预设长度，使第一电极端子1与相邻第二电极端子2紧密贴合。
不限地，电池单体可在电池100内呈多行多列的阵列设置，且行或列第一方向上两端的电池单体上，第一电极端子1凸出端盖21的方向与行或列中电池单体上第一电极端子1凸出相垂直。
第一电极端子1与第二电极端子2间相抵接，能够在相邻电池单体成组排列时，相互交叠，便于相邻电池单体间电连接，也便于相邻电池单体间能够焊接固定，从而在减少电池内的支撑结构的同时，能够维持电池单体间的机械强度，有效提升电池内部的空间利用率，提高电池储能能力。
如图5所示，在一些实施例中，第一电极端子1和第二电极端子2沿第一方向布置。
第一电极端子1及第二电极端子2沿第一方向上间隔设置，能够便于相邻电池单体间的排布，使电池内的电池单体排布更整齐。
图6为本申请一些实施例提供的相邻电池单体连接处的结构示意图，图7为本申请另一些实施例提供的相邻电池单体连接处的结构示意图。如图6及7所示，在一些实施例中，第一电极端子1包括第一配合部5，第一配合部5的至少部分沿第一方向凸出于端盖21的边缘，第二电极端子2设有第二配合部6；当多个电池单体沿第一方向布置时，第一配合部5用于与相邻的电池单体的第二配合部6匹配并连接。
示例性地，参照图6，第一配合部5为沿第一方向凸起的凸台，多个电池单体沿第一方向布置时，凸台抵接在相邻电池单体上的第二配合部6，并与之相配合。示例性地，参照图7，第一配合部5为沿第一方向延伸设置的连接钩，连接钩凸出端盖21边缘，多个电池单体沿第一方向布置时，连接钩钩接在相邻电池单体上的第二配合部6上。
第一配合部5、第二配合部6的设置，便于多个电池单体间预设排布，后续同一焊接，能够使电池100内的各电池单体间依次正负相连接，不需要加设额外的连接结构、汇流结构，优化了电池内的机械结构，提高 电池内部的空间利用率。
如图6及7所示，在一些实施例中，第二配合部6包括凹槽，凹槽与第一配合部5凸出于端盖21的部分相配合。
示例性地，参照图6，第二配合部6为沿第一方向凹陷的凹槽，相邻电池单体的第一配合部5上凸台能够抵接在凹槽内。示例性地，参照图7，第二配合部6为沿端盖21厚度方向延伸的凹槽，相邻电池单体的第一配合部5上连接钩能够钩接在凹槽内。
通过凹槽的设置，便于电池单体间，先沿预设位置拼接排布，在统一完成后续固定工作，如焊接等，便于生产线加工，显著提高生产效率。
在一些实施例中，第一电极端子1与相邻的电池单体的第二电极端子2间焊接连接。
不限地，第一电极端子1与相邻电池单体的第二电极端子2间，通过第一配合部5及第二配合部6相焊接。不限地，第一电极端子1与相邻的电池单体的第二电极端子2间还可通过卡接、扣接、螺栓连接等方式固定。
通过将相邻电池单体间的第一配合部5及第二配合部6相焊接，能够加强相邻电池单体间的连接强度，减少相邻电池单体间额外的支撑结构，同时，前述结构也能够实现相连电池单体间的电连接，减少电池内的汇流部件，进一步提升电池内的有效空间。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件，尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电池单体的端盖组件，包括：
    端盖；以及
    第一电极端子，设置于所述端盖，所述第一电极端子的至少部分沿第一方向凸出于所述端盖的边缘，所述第一方向垂直于所述端盖的厚度方向；
    第二电极端子，设置于所述端盖并与所述第一电极端子间隔设置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的端盖组件，其中，所述端盖组件被配置为：当多个电池单体沿所述第一方向布置时，所述第一电极端子用于与相邻的所述电池单体的所述第二电极端子相抵接。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的端盖组件，其中，所述第一电极端子和所述第二电极端子沿所述第一方向布置。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，所述第一电极端子包括第一配合部，所述第一配合部的至少部分沿所述第一方向凸出于所述端盖的边缘，所述第二电极端子设有第二配合部；
    当多个电池单体沿所述第一方向布置时，所述第一配合部用于与相邻的所述电池单体的所述第二配合部匹配并连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的端盖组件，其中，所述第二配合部包括凹槽，所述凹槽与所述第一配合部凸出于所述端盖的部分相配合。
  6. 一种电池单体，包括：如权利要求1-5任一项所述的端盖组件。
  7. 一种电池，包括多个根据权利要求6所述的电池单体。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池，其中，所述第一电极端子与相邻的所述电池单体的第二电极端子相抵并连接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池，其中，所述第一电极端子与相邻的所 述电池单体的第二电极端子间焊接连接。
  10. 一种用电装置，包括：如权利要求7-9任一项所述的电池。
PCT/CN2023/075326 2022-03-04 2023-02-10 端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置 WO2023165311A1 (zh)

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