WO2023130387A1 - 电池、用电装置及电池的制造方法 - Google Patents

电池、用电装置及电池的制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023130387A1
WO2023130387A1 PCT/CN2022/070830 CN2022070830W WO2023130387A1 WO 2023130387 A1 WO2023130387 A1 WO 2023130387A1 CN 2022070830 W CN2022070830 W CN 2022070830W WO 2023130387 A1 WO2023130387 A1 WO 2023130387A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
battery cells
fastening body
fastening
boss
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/070830
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱昊
高佳静
张艺谋
林伟龙
王维
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN202280018035.0A priority Critical patent/CN116918151A/zh
Priority to EP22917859.5A priority patent/EP4280362A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2022/070830 priority patent/WO2023130387A1/zh
Publication of WO2023130387A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023130387A1/zh
Priority to US18/467,359 priority patent/US20240006703A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/514—Methods for interconnecting adjacent batteries or cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • H01M50/264—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks for cells or batteries, e.g. straps, tie rods or peripheral frames
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/107—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/269—Mechanical means for varying the arrangement of batteries or cells for different uses, e.g. for changing the number of batteries or for switching between series and parallel wiring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/514—Methods for interconnecting adjacent batteries or cells
    • H01M50/516—Methods for interconnecting adjacent batteries or cells by welding, soldering or brazing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
    • H01M50/548—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on opposite sides of the cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/559—Terminals adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round, elliptic or button cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, in particular to a battery, an electrical device and a method for manufacturing the battery.
  • Energy saving and emission reduction is the key to the sustainable development of the automobile industry.
  • electric vehicles have become an important part of the sustainable development of the automobile industry due to their advantages in energy saving and environmental protection.
  • battery technology is an important factor related to its development.
  • connection and grouping technology between battery cells is of great significance for the optimization of battery performance and the improvement of production efficiency, so it is one of the important topics of research and development.
  • the present application was made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and one of its objects is to provide a battery capable of improving the production efficiency of the battery and contributing to the miniaturization and weight reduction of the battery, an electric device including the battery, and a method of manufacturing the battery .
  • Another object of the present application is to provide a battery that can easily adjust the number of battery cells in a group according to actual usage conditions, an electrical device including the battery, and a method for manufacturing the battery.
  • Still another object of the present application is to provide a battery capable of ensuring a gap-free connection between the poles between the batteries, an electrical device including the battery, and a method for manufacturing the battery.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides a battery, which is characterized in that it includes more than two battery cells arranged along the first direction, and the positive electrode of each battery cell Either one of the negative electrodes and the negative electrode is configured to have a first engaging body, the other of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of each of the battery cells is configured to have a second engaging body, and the adjacent battery cells The first fastening body of one of them is fastened with the second fastening body of the other of the adjacent battery cells, and the first fastening body and the second buckle The movement of the battery cells connected by snap fit in the first direction is restricted.
  • the battery life is improved.
  • the production efficiency is high, the parts used are reduced, and it is beneficial to the miniaturization and weight reduction of the battery as a whole.
  • connection between the battery cells can be realized only by snapping the battery cells adjacent to each other along the first direction, the number of battery cells can be easily increased or decreased according to actual usage conditions, making the battery cost Groups are simple and flexible.
  • the movement of the connected battery cells in the first direction is restricted due to snapping, there is no need to worry about gaps between the poles of the connected battery cells resulting in poor connection or the like.
  • the subsequent welding and other processes can be performed only by supporting the battery cells. The manufacturing is simple and the connection reliability between the battery cells is high.
  • each of the battery cells has a battery cell body, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode respectively provided at opposite ends of the battery cell body.
  • the positive pole and the negative pole of the battery cell are respectively located at the two ends of the battery cell body, it is convenient to make the positive pole and the negative pole of the adjacent battery cell snap together, so that two or more battery cells can be fastened and connected to each other. .
  • both the positive electrode and the negative electrode are configured to have a boss portion provided on the battery cell body, and the first engaging body and the second engaging body are respectively connected to the respective corresponding
  • the boss parts are integrally connected, the boss part connected to the first fastening body is a first boss part, and the boss part connected to the second fastening body is a second boss part.
  • the pole of the positive pole or the negative pole includes a boss portion and a fastening body, it can ensure that the positive pole and the negative pole have a sufficient contact area when they are fastened and connected, and can meet a large overcurrent requirement while ensuring a reliable electrical connection.
  • the first fastening body is formed in a convex shape, and the cross-section is formed in such a way that it becomes wider as it gets away from the main body of the battery cell; the second fastening body is formed to be able to It is in the shape of a groove that is fastened with the first fastening body in a surface contact manner.
  • the first fastening body and the second fastening body form a structure in which a trapezoidal block and a dovetail-shaped groove fit together, thereby restricting the movement of the two connected battery cells along the first direction toward the direction of separation from each other.
  • the dislocation of the two battery cells can be suppressed, and the functions of reliable connection and position limitation can be realized at the same time.
  • the first fastening body of one of the adjacent battery cells is in contact with the second fastening body of the other of the adjacent battery cells.
  • the first boss part and the second boss part maintain surface contact in the state where the first buckling part and the second buckling part are buckled.
  • first boss part and the second boss part maintain surface contact in the snap-fit state, it is possible to meet a relatively large overcurrent requirement while ensuring a reliable electrical connection.
  • a welding portion formed by welding is provided at a joint between the first boss portion and the second boss portion.
  • the battery cells connected to each other can be relatively positioned, and the connection between the battery cells can be ensured. Moreover, sufficient connection strength can be provided only by welding the seams of the two bosses of the positive pole and the negative pole, so the welding operation is simple, and the connection strength between the battery cells can also be improved.
  • the first fastening body is formed to have: a first upright portion, which is erected relative to the first boss portion, and one end of the first upright portion is integrally connected to the first boss portion; and the first bending portion, which is bent relative to the first rising portion and provided at the other end of the first rising portion, and at the first bending portion
  • a first accommodating space for inserting the second fastening body is formed between the first boss part and the first boss part.
  • the second snap-fitting body is formed to have: a second rising portion standing upright relative to the second boss portion, and one end of the second rising portion is integrally connected to the second boss portion and a second bent portion, bent relative to the second raised portion, provided at the other end of the second raised portion, and, between the second bent portion and the second boss A second accommodating space for inserting the first fastening body is formed between the parts.
  • the positive pole and the negative pole of the adjacent battery cells can not be easily separated or misplaced, but can be fastened and connected in a close surface contact mode, and even if the battery cell has not yet been welded Even in this state, a certain degree of connection strength between battery cells can be ensured.
  • the contact area between the positive pole and the negative pole can be further increased.
  • the first rising portion is formed by a part of the peripheral wall of the columnar body with the first boss portion as the bottom surface, and the second rising portion is the peripheral wall of the columnar body The remainder is formed.
  • first raised portion, the first boss portion, the second raised portion and the second boss portion together form a columnar body after fastening, which is conducive to improving the connection strength and is convenient for welding the seam.
  • both the first bent portion and the second bent portion are plate-shaped with a uniform thickness.
  • the first bent portion is formed into a plate shape whose thickness gradually becomes thinner as it moves away from the first upright portion; the second bent portion is formed into a A plate shape with two erected parts and gradually thinning thickness.
  • first bending part and the second bending part are formed into a plate shape with one end thin and the other end thick, they can be easily snapped together without special positioning or guidance when they are mated, and furthermore Increase the contact area between the positive pole and the negative pole between the connected battery cells.
  • the first fastening body of one of the adjacent battery cells is in contact with the second fastening body of the other of the adjacent battery cells.
  • the first bending portion is inserted into the second accommodation space
  • the second bending portion is inserted into the first accommodation space
  • the first boss portion and the second The two bending parts are in surface contact and the second boss part is in surface contact with the first bending part.
  • the connected positive pole and negative pole can be columnar as a whole, which is convenient for subsequent welding; moreover, the connected positive pole and negative pole have a large contact area, so it can Ensure reliable electrical connection for large over-current demands.
  • the materials of the boss portion, the first fastening body and the second fastening body are metal aluminum, metal copper, nickel-plated metal aluminum, silver-plated metal aluminum, nickel-plated metal copper and At least any one of silver-plated metallic copper.
  • the positive pole pole and the negative pole pole including the boss part and the fastening body are composed of materials with high conductivity, which is helpful to improve the conductivity and flow-through capacity of the electrodes.
  • explosion-proof valves that can be opened under the action of gas pressure inside the battery cell are respectively provided at both ends of the battery cell body in the first direction, and the adjacent explosion-proof valves Set so that the positions are staggered from each other.
  • first snap-fitting body and the second snap-fitting body are respectively provided at both ends of the main body of the battery cell, it is easy to use these snap-fitting bodies as reference objects to determine the setting position of the explosion-proof valve, and then it is possible to easily grasp the position of the snap-fit installation state.
  • the location of the explosion-proof valve By staggering the explosion-proof valves on the opposite end faces in the buckled state, it is possible to avoid the situation that one of the explosion-proof valves accidentally causes the explosion-proof valve on the opposite side to burst due to thermal runaway.
  • a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides an electric device, which includes the above-mentioned battery provided in the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery can be miniaturized and lightened, the electrical device can also be miniaturized and lightened; the number of battery cells in a group can also be easily adjusted according to the actual use situation. Furthermore, since the reliability of the connection between the battery cells is improved, the reliability of the battery and even the power consumption device is improved.
  • the third aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a method for manufacturing a battery
  • the battery is the battery provided in the first aspect of the above-mentioned embodiments of the application
  • the method for manufacturing the battery includes the following steps: Two or more battery cells are arranged in one direction, and the first fastening body of one of the adjacent battery cells is connected to the other of the adjacent battery cells
  • the second fastening body is fastened together; along the outer periphery of the fastening structure formed by the fastening of the first fastening body and the second fastening body, welding is performed on the seams of the outer periphery of the fastening structure.
  • connection strength between the battery cells to be connected can be ensured, and welding can be easily performed even without special steps of checking for dislocation, separation, etc. of the positive and negative poles in the manufacturing process. Moreover, since the seams are welded, the welding process is simple.
  • a battery having at least one of the following effects, an electrical device including the battery, and a method for manufacturing the battery can be realized.
  • the production efficiency of the battery can be improved, and it is beneficial to the miniaturization and weight reduction of the battery.
  • the number of battery cells in a group can be easily adjusted according to actual usage conditions.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic side view schematically showing a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view schematically showing the structure of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic side view schematically showing the structure of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic side view schematically showing a battery cell according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic side view schematically showing another viewing angle of a battery cell according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view schematically showing a battery cell according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic side view schematically showing the structure of a battery according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view schematically showing the structure of a battery according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic side view schematically showing the structure of a battery cell according to yet another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective view schematically showing the structure of a battery cell according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic side view schematically showing the structure of a battery according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 13 is a perspective view schematically showing the structure of a battery according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart schematically showing the steps of a method for manufacturing a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first feature may be in direct contact with the first feature or the second feature "on” or “under” the second feature. Indirect contact through intermediaries.
  • “above”, “above” and “above” the first feature on the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • “Below”, “beneath” and “beneath” the first feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less horizontally than the second feature.
  • the battery cell is a cylindrical battery cell
  • the cylindrical battery cells if the cylindrical battery cells are to be connected along the axial direction, the cylindrical battery cells need to be positioned axially and circumferentially, and there are problems such as positioning difficulties . If the positioning is not good, it will cause welding seam offset, poor welding and so on.
  • the inventors of the present application have worked hard to design a battery and a battery manufacturing method that can reduce the risk of poor welding, facilitate the positioning of battery cells and design the position of the explosion-proof valve.
  • the batteries involved in this application can be any batteries, such as battery modules and battery packs, or primary batteries and secondary batteries.
  • secondary batteries include nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, lead-acid (or lead storage) batteries, lithium Ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, polymer batteries, etc.
  • This battery is suitable for a variety of electrical equipment that uses batteries, such as mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, battery cars, electric toys, electric tools, electric vehicles, ships and spacecraft, etc.
  • spacecraft include aircraft, rockets, aerospace Aircraft and spacecraft, etc.; batteries are used to provide electrical energy for the above-mentioned electrical equipment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1 involved in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the vehicle 1 is equipped with a battery 10 , and the battery 10 can be arranged at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 10 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 .
  • the vehicle 1 can also include a controller 11 and a motor 12 , the controller 11 is used to control the battery 10 to supply power to the motor 12 , for example, it can be used for starting the vehicle 1 , navigating, and working power requirements during driving.
  • the battery 10 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 may include a plurality of battery cells 100 , and the battery cells 100 refer to the smallest unit forming a battery module or a battery pack.
  • a plurality of battery cells 100 may be connected in series and/or in parallel via electrode terminals (hereinafter also referred to as “poles”) for various applications.
  • the batteries involved in this application may include battery modules or battery packs.
  • the plurality of battery cells 100 may be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel, and the mixed connection refers to a mixture of series and parallel.
  • the battery 10 in the embodiment of the present application may be directly composed of a plurality of battery cells 100 , or may be composed of a battery module first, and then the battery module is composed of a battery.
  • the battery includes multiple battery cells connected in series as an example for illustration, but those skilled in the art should know that the batteries in the embodiments of the present application are not limited to the “series” connection.
  • the battery 10 of the embodiment of the present application may include a case housing the battery cells 100 .
  • the box accommodates the battery cell 100 to reduce the impact of external vibration or impact on the battery cell 100 and prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the performance of the battery cell 100 .
  • the material of the cabinet can be alloy materials such as aluminum alloy and iron alloy, polymer materials such as polycarbonate and polyisocyanurate foam, or composite materials such as glass fiber and epoxy resin. The embodiments of the application do not limit this.
  • the battery cell 100 may be a lithium-ion battery, a sodium-ion battery, or a magnesium-ion battery, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell 100 may be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cells 100 are generally divided into three types according to the way of packaging: cylindrical battery cells, square square battery cells and pouch battery cells, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application. Cylindrical battery cells can be further divided into cylindrical battery cells, polygonal prismatic battery cells, etc. according to the cross-sectional shape of the cylindrical surface.
  • the following embodiments are all based on the cylindrical battery cell 100 as an example. illustrate.
  • the battery cell 100 in the embodiment of the present application generally includes an end cover, a casing and a battery cell assembly.
  • the end cap refers to a component that covers the opening of the housing to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 100 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the end cap can be adapted to the shape of the housing to fit the housing.
  • the end cap can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy), so that the end cap is not easily deformed when being squeezed and collided, so that the battery cell 100 can have higher structural strength , safety performance can also be improved.
  • Functional components such as electrode terminals can be provided on the end cap. The electrode terminals can be used for electrical connection with the battery cell assembly for outputting electric energy of the battery cell 100 or inputting electric energy to the battery cell 100 .
  • the material of the end cap can also be various, for example, copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not particularly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • an insulator can also be provided inside the end cover, and the insulator can be used to isolate the electrical connection components in the housing from the end cover, so as to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the insulating member may be plastic, rubber or the like.
  • the housing is an assembly for mating with the end caps to form the internal environment of the battery cell 100 , wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the battery cell assembly, electrolyte (not shown in the figure) and other components.
  • the casing and the end cover may be independent parts, and an opening may be provided on the casing, and the internal environment of the battery cell is formed by making the end cover cover the opening at the opening.
  • the end cover and the housing can also be integrated.
  • the end cover and the housing can form a common connection surface before other components enter the housing.
  • the end Cover the housing.
  • the housing can be in various shapes and dimensions, such as cuboid, cylinder, hexagonal prism, etc.
  • the shape of the housing can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the battery cell assembly.
  • the housing can be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which are not particularly limited in this embodiment of the present application. Since the embodiment of the present application is described by taking the cylindrical battery cell 100 as an example, the casing of the battery cell 100 is, for example, cylindrical.
  • the battery cell assembly is a component in the battery cell 100 where electrochemical reactions occur.
  • the casing may contain one or more cell assemblies.
  • the cell assembly is mainly formed by winding or stacking the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, and usually a separator is provided between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet.
  • the part of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet with the active material constitutes the main body of the cell assembly, and the parts of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet without the active material each constitute tabs (not shown in the figure).
  • the positive pole tab and the negative pole tab can be located at one end of the main body together or at two ends of the main body respectively.
  • the positive active material and the negative active material react with the electrolyte, and the tabs are connected to the electrode terminals to form a current loop.
  • the battery includes more than two battery cells 100 arranged along a first direction, and any one of the positive electrode 102 and the negative electrode 103 of each battery cell 100 is configured to have a first engaging body 106, the other of the positive electrode 102 and the negative electrode 103 of each battery cell 100 is configured to have a second fastening body 107, and the first fastening body 106 of one of the adjacent battery cells 100 is connected to the adjacent battery cell 100.
  • the second fastening body 107 of the other one of the cells 100 is fastened together, and the movement of the battery cell 100 connected in the first direction by the fastening of the first fastening body 106 and the second fastening body 107 is restricted.
  • the so-called first direction refers to the direction in which the positive and negative electrodes of the battery are connected and arranged in sequence in the embodiment of the present application; taking the cylindrical battery cell of the present application as an example, it refers to the axial direction of the cylinder. Specifically in FIG. 4 , the first direction is the left-right direction in FIG. 4 .
  • the positive electrode 102 and the negative electrode 103 of the battery cell 100 can be arbitrarily arranged on both ends of the battery cell 100.
  • a positive pole in the examples shown in FIGS. is called a positive pole
  • the pole shown by reference numeral 103 is used as a negative pole (also called a negative pole).
  • the pole indicated by the reference numeral 102 is used as the negative pole
  • the pole indicated by the numeral 103 is used as the positive pole.
  • the positive electrode 102 may have the first engaging body 106 or the second engaging body 107
  • the negative electrode 103 may have the second engaging body 107 or the first engaging body 106 .
  • the positive electrode 102 has the first fastening body 106 and the negative electrode 103 has the second fastening body 107 as an example.
  • the adjacent battery cells 100 are connected to each other through the fastening of the first fastening body 106 and the second fastening body 107, compared with the traditional way of connecting the battery cells by using electrical connectors, The production efficiency of the battery is improved, the parts used are reduced, and it is beneficial to the miniaturization and light weight of the battery as a whole.
  • connection between the battery cells can be realized only by snapping the battery cells 100 adjacently arranged along the first direction, the number of battery cells can be easily increased or decreased according to actual usage conditions, so that the battery Grouping is simple and flexible. For example, when more battery cells are needed, it is only necessary to connect more batteries through the snap-fit connection of the first snap-fit body 106 and the second snap-fit body 107 at the end of the snap-fit connected battery cell group. Single 100 is enough.
  • the movement of the connected battery cells in the first direction is restricted due to snapping, there is no need to worry about gaps between the poles of the connected battery cells resulting in poor connection or the like.
  • the subsequent welding and other processes can be performed only by supporting the battery cells. The manufacturing is simple and the connection reliability between the battery cells is high.
  • each battery cell 100 has a battery cell body 101 and a positive electrode 102 and a negative electrode 103 respectively provided at opposite ends of the battery cell body 101 .
  • the structure of the battery cell 100 here is divided for convenience of description, and does not conflict with other structural and/or functional divisions of batteries or battery cells.
  • the positions of the positive electrode 102 and the negative electrode 103 are preferably disposed opposite to each other across the battery cell body 101 , that is, they are substantially overlapped when viewed along the axial direction.
  • the shape of the positive electrode 102 and the negative electrode 103 it is preferable to have substantially the same outer contour when viewed along the axial direction.
  • the materials of the positive electrode 102 and the negative electrode 103 as long as they have predetermined electrical conductivity and flow capacity, for example, metallic aluminum, metallic copper, or nickel-plated or silver-plated metallic aluminum or metallic copper can be used.
  • the positive pole 102 and the negative pole 103 of the battery cell 101 are respectively located at the two ends of the battery cell body 101, it is convenient to make the positive pole 102 and the negative pole 103 of the adjacent battery cell 101 snap together, so that two or more The battery cells are snap-fit connected to each other.
  • both the positive electrode 102 and the negative electrode 103 are configured to have bosses 104, 105 provided on the battery cell body 101, the first engaging body 106 and the second engaging body 107 are integrally connected with respective corresponding boss portions 104, 105, the boss portion connected with the first fastening body 106 is the first boss portion 104, and the boss portion connected with the second fastening body 107 is the second boss portion.
  • Desk 105 is configured to have bosses 104, 105 provided on the battery cell body 101, the first engaging body 106 and the second engaging body 107 are integrally connected with respective corresponding boss portions 104, 105, the boss portion connected with the first fastening body 106 is the first boss portion 104, and the boss portion connected with the second fastening body 107 is the second boss portion.
  • Desk 105 is configured to have bosses 104, 105 provided on the battery cell body 101, the first engaging body 106 and the second engaging body 107 are integrally connected with respective corresponding boss portions 104, 105, the boss portion
  • the battery positive electrode 102 as a whole includes the first boss portion 104 provided on one end surface of the battery cell body 101 and the first engaging body 106 integrally formed with the first boss portion 104, as can be seen from FIG. 2 Note that the first engaging body 106 is formed to protrude relative to the first boss portion 104 .
  • the battery negative pole 103 as a whole includes a second boss portion 103 provided on the other end surface of the battery cell body 101 and a second engaging body 107 integrally formed with the second boss portion 105.
  • the second The engaging body 107 is recessed relative to the surface of the second boss portion 105 . In this way, when the first fastening body 106 is inserted into the second fastening body 107 for fastening, the two bosses 104 and 105 can be in surface contact.
  • first boss portion 104 and the second boss portion 105 are formed into cylindrical shapes. , as long as its diameter does not exceed the outer diameter of the battery cell body 101, and the thickness can be set according to actual needs.
  • first engaging body 106 and the second engaging body 107 is not particularly limited as long as the engaging can be realized, but the second engaging body 107 is formed as shown in FIG.
  • the groove shape of the open end is beneficial to more reliably define the position of the first fastening body 106, thereby more reliably defining the relative position between the two battery cells 100, and can restrict the two battery cells from more directions along the radial direction of the cylinder. Offset occurs.
  • the pole of the positive pole 102 or the negative pole 103 includes bosses 104, 105 and fastening bodies 106, 107, it can ensure that the positive pole and the negative pole have sufficient contact area when they are buckled and connected, and can meet the requirements while ensuring reliable electrical connection. Larger overcurrent requirements.
  • the first fastening body 106 is formed in a convex shape, and the cross section is formed in a manner that becomes wider as it moves away from the battery cell body 101 ; as shown in FIG.
  • the second engaging body 107 is formed in a groove shape capable of engaging with the first engaging body 106 in surface contact.
  • the first fastening body 106 and the second fastening body 107 form a structure in which a trapezoidal bar fits with a dovetail-shaped groove, thereby limiting the two battery cells connected along the Moving toward the direction of separating from each other along the first direction, and can also suppress the dislocation of the two battery cells, and at the same time realize the functions of reliable connection and position limitation.
  • the first buckle body 106 is T-shaped
  • the second buckle The fitting body 107 is in the shape of a groove having a T-shaped groove space in cross section.
  • the first fastening body 106 of one of the adjacent battery cells is in contact with the second fastening body 107 of the other of the adjacent battery cells.
  • the first boss portion 104 and the second boss portion 105 maintain surface contact in the state where the first engaging portion 106 and the second engaging portion 107 are engaged.
  • the top surfaces of the first boss portion 104 and the second boss portion 105 abut against each other to form surface contact.
  • the outer contour surface of the first engaging body 106 is also in contact with the groove space contour surface of the second engaging portion 107 .
  • first boss portion 104 maintains surface contact with the second boss portion 105 in the snap-fit state, it can meet a relatively large overcurrent requirement while ensuring a reliable electrical connection.
  • a welding portion formed by welding is provided at a seam between the first boss portion and the second boss portion.
  • the positive pole of the battery cell on the left and the negative pole of the battery cell on the right are snap-fitted to form a battery pole connecting body, and a seam 108 is formed on the battery pole connecting body.
  • the relative positions of the two battery cells can be fixed by welding along the seam 108 .
  • welding for example, a butt wire welding process can be used.
  • the welding area is designed according to the strength of the battery itself and the operating conditions of the battery. For example, welding can be performed along the entire circumference of the seam 108 or locally along the seam 108 .
  • the battery cells connected to each other can be relatively positioned and the connection between the battery cells can be ensured. Moreover, sufficient connection strength can be provided only by welding the seams of the two bosses of the positive pole and the negative pole, so the welding operation is simple, and the connection strength between the battery cells can also be improved.
  • the fastening structure can also adopt the structures shown in FIGS. 5 to 9 .
  • the first fastening body 206 is formed to have: 204 is erected, and one end of the first raised portion 209 is integrally connected to the first boss portion 204; The other end of the portion 209 , and between the first bent portion 211 and the first boss portion 204 is formed a first accommodating space 213 into which the second fastening body 207 is inserted.
  • the second fastening body 207 is formed to have: a second raised portion 210 set upright relative to the second boss portion 205, and one end of the second raised portion 210 is integrally connected to the second boss portion 205;
  • the second bending portion 212 is bent relative to the second rising portion 210 and is provided at the other end of the second rising portion 210, and a fork is formed between the second bending portion 212 and the second boss portion 205.
  • the first fastening body 206 has a first upright portion 209
  • the first upright portion 209 is, for example, a part of the peripheral wall of a cylinder whose bottom surface is the first boss portion 204
  • the first The outer peripheral surface of the raised portion 209 is continuous with the outer peripheral surface of the first boss portion 204 and located on the same arc surface.
  • the first raised portion 209 stands substantially vertically with respect to the first boss portion 204 .
  • a first bent portion 211 is integrally provided at an end of the first upright portion 209 away from the battery cell main body 101 .
  • first bent portion 211 and the first raised portion 209 are viewed from the side, they are in an inverted L-shape as a whole, and the length of the first bent portion 211 is shorter than that of the first boss portion. 204 profile size. As shown in FIG. 7 , the first bent portion 211 is fan-shaped when viewed along the axial direction.
  • the second fastening body 207 has a second upright portion 210, the second upright portion 210 is, for example, a part of the peripheral wall of a cylinder with the second boss portion 205 as the bottom surface, and the outer peripheral surface of the second upright portion 210 is in contact with the second upright portion 210.
  • the outer peripheral surfaces of the two bosses 205 are continuous and located on the same arc surface.
  • the second rising portion 210 stands substantially vertically with respect to the second boss portion 205 .
  • a second bent portion 212 is integrally provided at an end of the second standing portion 210 away from the battery cell main body 201 . As shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, when the second bending part 212 and the second rising part 210 are viewed from the side, they are partially cut out cylinders as a whole, and the length of the second bending part 212 is less than Outline dimensions of the second boss portion 205 .
  • the gap is used to accommodate the second fastening body 207 , specifically to accommodate the second bent portion 212 .
  • the second bent portion 212 , the second raised portion 210 and the second boss portion 205 enclose a space, which functions as a space for accommodating the first fastening body 206 , specifically, the first bent portion 211 .
  • the negative pole of the battery cell on the left and the positive electrode of the battery cell on the right are connected by snap-fit to form a battery pole connector.
  • the surface is composed of the outer peripheral surface of the first boss part 204 , the outer peripheral surface of the second boss part 205 , the outer peripheral surface of the first fastening body 206 and the outer peripheral surface of the second fastening body 207 .
  • the end surface of the first bending part 211 of the first buckling body 206 of the battery cell on the right abuts against the end surface of the second boss part 205 of the battery cell on the left, and the battery cell on the left
  • the end surface of the second bent portion 212 of the second fastening body 207 of the cell abuts against the end surface of the first boss portion 204 of the battery cell on the right, thereby forming a close surface contact on the first aspect.
  • the surface of the first bending portion 211 facing the first boss portion 204 and the surface of the second bending portion 212 facing the second boss portion 205 also form surface contact.
  • each surface extending along the first direction of the first fastening body 206 is in surface contact with each surface extending along the first direction of the second fastening body 207 .
  • the positive and negative electrodes of the adjacent battery cells can not be easily separated or dislocated, but can be fastened and connected in a close surface contact manner, and Even in a state where no welding is performed, a certain degree of connection strength between the battery cells can be ensured.
  • the contact area between the positive pole and the negative pole can be further increased.
  • the first raised portion 209 is formed by a part of the peripheral wall of a columnar body with the first boss portion 204 as the bottom surface, and the second raised portion 210 is a columnar body. The remainder of the peripheral wall is formed.
  • first raised portion, the first boss portion, the second raised portion and the second boss portion together form a columnar body after fastening, which is beneficial to improve the connection strength and facilitates welding of the seam.
  • both the first bent portion 211 and the second bent portion 212 are plate-shaped with a uniform thickness.
  • the thickness of the first bending portion 211 and the second bending portion 212 can be specifically set according to needs, and as an example, it can be set to 1.5 mm, for example.
  • conical chamfering can also be performed on the ends of the first and second bending parts to facilitate installation. Therefore, the processing and installation of the fastening body are relatively easy.
  • the first bent portion 311 is configured as a plate whose thickness gradually becomes thinner as it moves away from the first upright portion 309 ;
  • the second bent portion 312 is configured as It is in the form of a plate whose thickness gradually becomes thinner as it moves away from the second rising portion 310 .
  • the first bent portion 311 is formed into a wedge shape, and when viewed from the side as shown in FIG. 12 , has a substantially right-angled triangular cross-section.
  • first bending portion 311 When such a first bending portion 311 is inserted into the second accommodation space of the second fastening body, the top surface of the first bending portion 311 is in surface contact with the second boss portion 305, and the inclination of the first bending portion 311 The surface is matched with the inclined surface (not shown in the figure) of the second bending portion 312 facing the side of the second boss portion 305 to be in surface contact.
  • first bending part and the second bending part are formed into a plate shape with one end thin and the other end thick, they can be easily snapped together without special positioning or guidance when they are mated, and furthermore Increase the contact area between the positive pole and the negative pole between the connected battery cells.
  • the first fastening body 206, 306 of one of the adjacent battery cells is connected to the first engaging body 206, 306 of the other of the adjacent battery cells.
  • the first bending part 211, 311 is inserted into the second receiving space 214, 314, the second bending part 212, 312 is inserted into the first receiving space 213, 313, and,
  • the first boss portion 204 , 304 is in surface contact with the second bent portion 211 , 311 and the second boss portion 205 , 305 is in surface contact with the first bend portion 211 , 311 .
  • the connected positive pole and negative pole can be columnar as a whole, which is convenient for subsequent welding; moreover, the connected positive pole and negative pole have a large contact area, so it can Ensure reliable electrical connection for large over-current demands.
  • the negative pole of the battery cell on the left and the positive pole of the battery cell on the right are connected by buckling to form a battery pole connector, and a seam is formed on the battery pole connector 208, 308.
  • a seam is formed on the battery pole connector 208, 308.
  • the seams 208, 308 include the seams 208a, 308a between the first boss portion 204, 304 and the second fastening body 205, 305, the second boss portion 205, 305 and the first fastening body 206, The seams 208b, 308b between 306, and the seams 208c, 308c between the first fastening body 206, 306 and the second fastening body 207, 307.
  • seams 208a, 308a and the seams 208b, 308b can be welded, because these seams are at the same circumferential position, there is no need to move the welding tool or the welded battery along the first direction, and because The fastening body itself has a certain connection strength, so even if all the seams 208 and 308 are not welded, the connection strength can be ensured.
  • the seams 208c and 308c can also be welded as needed.
  • the materials of the boss portion, the first fastening body and the second fastening body are metal aluminum, metal copper, nickel-plated metal aluminum, silver-plated metal aluminum, nickel-plated metal copper and At least any one of silver-plated metallic copper.
  • Using materials with high conductivity to form the positive pole and negative pole including the boss part and the fastening body will help to improve the conductivity and flow capacity of the electrode.
  • explosion-proof valves that can be opened under the action of gas pressure inside the battery cell are respectively provided at both ends of the battery cell body in the first direction. 115. Adjacent explosion-proof valves 115 are arranged so that their positions are staggered from each other.
  • the explosion-proof valve 115 can be provided, for example, with reference to the snap-fit body on the end surface of the battery cell main body 101 , 201 , 301 on the positive electrode side or the negative electrode side end surface.
  • the explosion-proof valve 115 on the end face of the negative side is arranged at a position away from the second fastening body 107.
  • the explosion-proof valve 115 on the end face of the positive side is set on the same side as the first fastening body 106, so that when multiple battery cells are buckled and connected to each other, the explosion-proof valves 115 on the end faces of adjacent battery cell bodies are always in staggered positions. For example, in FIG.
  • the explosion-proof valve 115 on the end face of the positive side is arranged on the same side as the first fastening body 306.
  • the explosion-proof valve 115 on the end face on the negative side is arranged on the same side of the second fastening body 307, so that when When multiple battery cells are buckled and connected to each other, the explosion-proof valves 115 on the end faces of adjacent battery cell bodies are always in staggered positions.
  • first snap-fitting body and the second snap-fitting body are respectively provided at both ends of the main body of the battery cell, it is easy to use these snap-fitting bodies as reference objects to determine the setting position of the explosion-proof valve, and then it is possible to easily grasp the position of the snap-fit installation state.
  • the location of the explosion-proof valve By staggering the explosion-proof valves on the opposite end faces in the buckled state, it is possible to avoid the situation that one of the explosion-proof valves accidentally causes the explosion-proof valve on the opposite side to burst due to thermal runaway.
  • a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides an electric device, which includes the above-mentioned battery provided in the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery can be miniaturized and lightened, the electrical device can also be miniaturized and lightened; the number of battery cells in a group can also be easily adjusted according to the actual use situation. Furthermore, since the reliability of the connection between the battery cells is improved, the reliability of the battery and even the power consumption device is improved.
  • the third aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides a method for manufacturing a battery.
  • the battery is the battery provided in the above-mentioned first aspect of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the method for manufacturing the battery includes the following steps: arranging two or more batteries along the first direction The battery cell 100 (or 200, 300), and make the first fastening body 106 (or 206, 306) of one of the adjacent battery cells 100 (or 200, 300) and the adjacent battery
  • the second fastening body 107 (or 207, 307) of the other of the monomer 100 (or 200, 300) is fastened (step S100); along the first fastening body 106 (or 206, 306) and the second
  • the outer periphery of the fastening structure formed by fastening the fastening bodies 107 (or 207, 307) is welded at the seam 108 (or 208, 308) on the outer periphery of the fastening structure (step S200).
  • connection strength between the battery cells to be connected can be ensured, and welding can be easily performed even without special steps of checking for dislocation, separation, etc. of the positive and negative poles in the manufacturing process. Moreover, since the seams are welded, the welding process is simple.
  • the positive electrode 102 of the battery cell 100 is provided with a first boss portion 104 and a first fastening body 106
  • the negative electrode 103 is provided with a second boss portion 105 and a second fastening body 107
  • the first fastening body 106 is a convex strip with a trapezoidal cross section
  • the second fastening body 107 is a dovetail groove formed on the second boss portion 105 .
  • the relative positions of the two battery cells can be substantially fixed through the fastening of the first fastening body 106 and the second fastening body 107 , and the separation of the two battery cells along the axial direction can be restricted to cause a gap between the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the positive electrode of the battery cell 200 (300) is provided with a first boss portion 204 (304) and a first fastening body 206 (306), and the first fastening body 206 (306) is opposite to
  • the first boss portion 204 ( 304 ) is erected and may be L-shaped when viewed from the side.
  • the negative electrode of the battery cell 200 (300) is provided with a second boss portion 205 (305) and a first buckling body 207 (307), and the second buckling body 207 (307) is opposite to the second boss portion 205 (305).
  • a recess (second accommodation space) is formed between the second fastening body 207 (307) and the second boss portion 205 (305), and a part of the first fastening body 207 (307) can be It is inserted into the cavity, thereby forming a fastening structure.
  • the explosion-proof valve 115 can be set with reference to the positions of the first fastening body and the second fastening body, so that when the battery cells are connected to each other, the explosion-proof valves 115 on two adjacent opposite surfaces are in completely staggered positions to ensure One of the bursts cannot trigger another accidental burst.
  • the above-mentioned scheme is, for example, suitable for long rod-shaped battery grouping schemes in large batteries or battery packs.
  • the number of connections is unlimited and can be adjusted according to the actual battery pack or battery size.
  • the electrical connecting piece between the battery cells is removed, so the cost and the weight of the battery or battery pack can be greatly reduced; and the positive and negative electrodes between the battery cells can be completely bonded, which is also convenient for assembly and welding.

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  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供一种电池、用电装置及电池的制造方法。本申请实施例提供的电池包括沿着第一方向排列的两个以上的电池单体，各所述电池单体的正极和负极中的任一者构成为具有第一扣合体，各所述电池单体的所述正极和所述负极中的另一者构成为具有第二扣合体，相邻的所述电池单体中的一者的所述第一扣合体与该相邻的所述电池单体中的另一者的所述第二扣合体相扣合，通过所述第一扣合体与所述第二扣合体扣合而连接的所述电池单体在所述第一方向上的移动被限制。由于各电池单体彼此之间能够直接通过扣合体的扣合而连接，无需采用传统的电连接件，因此装配效率高，利于电池的小型化和轻量化，而且能够容易地根据实际使用情况调节所连接的电池单体的数量。

Description

电池、用电装置及电池的制造方法 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，尤其涉及电池、用电装置及电池的制造方法。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键。在这种情况下，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。而对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
在电池技术的发展中，各电池单体间的连接成组技术对于电池性能的优化、生产效率的提高等具有重要意义，因此是研发的重要课题之一。
发明内容
本申请是鉴于上述课题而完成的，其目的之一在于提供一种能够提高电池的生产效率且有利于电池的小型化与轻量化的电池、包括该电池的用电装置、以及电池的制造方法。
本申请的另一目的在于提供一种能够根据实际使用情况容易地调整成组的电池单体的数量的电池、包括该电池的用电装置、以及电池的制造方法。
本申请的再一目的在于提供一种能够确保电池间的极柱无间隙的连接的电池、包括该电池的用电装置、以及电池的制造方法。
为了实现上述目的中的至少任一个，本申请的第一方面提供了一种电池，其特征在于，包括沿着第一方向排列的两个以上的电池单体，各所述电池单体的正极和负极中的任一者构成为具有第一扣合体，各所述电池单体的所述正极和所述负极中的另一者构成为具有第二扣合体，相邻的所述电池单体中的一者的所述第一扣合体与该相邻的所述电池单体中的另一者的所述第二扣合体相扣合，通过所述第一扣合体与所述第二扣合体扣合而连接的所述电池单体在所述第一方向上的移动被限制。
由此，由于相邻的电池单体通过第一扣合体与第二扣合体的扣合而相 互连接，因此，与传统的使用电连接件将各电池单体连接的方式相比，提高了电池的生产效率，减少了使用的零部件，有利于电池整体的小型化和轻量化。
而且，由于只要通过使沿着第一方向相邻排列的电池单体彼此扣合就能够实现电池单体间的连接，因此能够根据实际使用情况容易地增减电池单体的数量，使得电池成组简单而灵活。
再者，由于扣合而连接的电池单体间在第一方向上的移动被限制，因此无需担心在所连接的电池单体的极柱间产生间隙而引起连接不良等情况，在进行电池单体的成组时，在使第一扣合体与第二扣合体扣合后，只需对电池单体进行支撑即可进行后续的焊接等工序，制造简单且电池单体间连接可靠性高。
在任意的实施方式中，各所述电池单体具有电池单体主体和分别设于所述电池单体主体相对的两端的所述正极和所述负极。
由于电池单体的正极和负极分别位于电池单体主体的两端，因此便于使相邻的电池单体的正极与负极扣合，从而便于使两个乃至更多个电池单体彼此扣合连接。
在任意的实施方式中，所述正极和所述负极均构成为具有设于所述电池单体主体的凸台部，所述第一扣合体和所述第二扣合体分别与各自对应的所述凸台部一体地连接，与所述第一扣合体连接的所述凸台部为第一凸台部，与所述第二扣合体连接的所述凸台部为第二凸台部。
由于正极或负极的极柱包括凸台部和扣合体，因此能够确保正极与负极扣合连接时具有足够的接触面积，在能够确保可靠电连接的同时，能够满足较大的过流需求。
在任意的实施方式中，所述第一扣合体形成为凸条状，且所述横截面以随着远离所述电池单体主体而变宽的方式形成；所述第二扣合体形成为能够与所述第一扣合体以面接触的方式相扣合的槽状。
由此，第一扣合体与第二扣合体形成了梯形条块与燕尾型条槽相配合的结构，由此能够限制所连接的两电池单体沿着第一方向朝彼此分离的方向移动，而且还能够抑制两电池单体的错位，同时实现了可靠连接和限位的作用。
在任意的实施方式中，在相邻的所述电池单体中的一者的所述第一扣合体与该相邻的所述电池单体中的另一者的所述第二扣合体相扣合的状态，所述第一凸台部与所述第二凸台部以所述第一扣合部与所述第二扣合部相扣合的状态保持面接触。
由于扣合状态下，第一凸台部与第二凸台部保持面接触，因此能够在确保可靠电连接的同时，满足较大的过流需求。
在任意的实施方式中，在所述第一凸台部与所述第二凸台部之间的接缝处设有焊接而形成的焊接部。
由于对面接触的第一凸台部和第二凸台部之间的接缝处进行焊接，因此能够对彼此相连接的电池单体进行相对定位，能够确保电池单体间的连接。而且，由于只需要对正极极柱与负极极柱的两凸台部的接缝处进行焊接就能够提供足够的连接强度，因此焊接作业简单，而且还能够提高电池单体间的连接强度。
在任意的实施方式中，所述第一扣合体形成为具有：第一立起部，相对于所述第一凸台部立起地设置，所述第一立起部的一端一体地连接于所述第一凸台部；和第一弯折部，相对于所述第一立起部弯折地设于所述第一立起部的另一端，并且，在所述第一弯折部与所述第一凸台部之间形成有供所述第二扣合体插入的第一容纳空间。所述第二扣合体形成为具有：第二立起部，相对于所述第二凸台部立起地设置，所述第二立起部的一端一体地连接于所述第二凸台部；和第二弯折部，相对于所述第二立起部弯折地设于所述第二立起部的另一端，并且，在所述第二弯折部与所述第二凸台部之间形成有供所述第一扣合体插入的第二容纳空间。
通过上述构成的第一扣合体与第二扣合体，能够使相邻的电池单体的正极与负极不易分离或错位而是以紧密面接触的方式扣合而连接，而且即使在尚未进行焊接的状态下，也能够确保电池单体间的一定程度的连接强度。另外，还能够进一步增加正极极柱与负极极柱的接触面积。
在任意的实施方式中，所述第一立起部由以所述第一凸台部为底面的柱状体的周壁的一部分形成，所述第二立起部为所述柱状体的所述周壁的其余部分形成。
由此，扣合后的第一立起部、第一凸台部、第二立起部和第二凸台部 一起构成柱状体，利于提高连接强度，而且便于对接缝进行焊接。
在任意的实施方式中，所述第一弯折部和所述第二弯折部均为具有均匀厚度的板状。
由此，扣合体的加工比较容易。
在任意的实施方式中，所述第一弯折部构成为随着远离所述第一立起部而厚度逐渐变薄的板状；所述第二弯折部构成为随着远离所述第二立起部而厚度逐渐变薄的板状。
由此，由于第一弯折部和第二弯折部构成为一端薄而一端厚的板状，因此在两者配合时，无需特别定位或导向就能够容易地扣合在一起，而且能够进一步增加所连接的电池单体间的正极极柱与负极极柱的接触面积。
在任意的实施方式中，在相邻的所述电池单体中的一者的所述第一扣合体与该相邻的所述电池单体中的另一者的所述第二扣合体相扣合的状态，所述第一弯折部插入于所述第二容纳空间，所述第二弯折部插入于所述第一容纳空间，并且，所述第一凸台部与所述第二弯折部保持面接触且所述第二凸台部与所述第一弯折部保持面接触。
由此，扣合状态下，所连接的正极极柱与负极极柱能够整体上呈柱状体，便于后续的焊接；而且，所连接的正极极柱与负极极柱具有大的接触面积，因此能够确保可靠的电连接，满足大的过流需求。
在任意的实施方式中，在所述第一凸台部与所述第二扣合体之间的接缝处、以及、所述第二凸台部与所述第一扣合体之间的接缝处设有焊接而形成的焊接部。
由此只需环绕着所连接的正极极柱与负极极柱的外周沿周向焊接即可，焊接作业简单，耗时短，有助于提高电池的生产效率。
在任意的实施方式中，所述凸台部、所述第一扣合体以及所述第二扣合体的材质为金属铝、金属铜、镀镍金属铝、镀银金属铝、镀镍金属铜和镀银金属铜中的至少任意一种。
采用具有高导电性的材料构成包括凸台部、扣合体在内的正极极柱和负极极柱，有助于提高电极的导电性和过流能力。
在任意的实施方式中，在所述电池单体主体的所述第一方向上的两端部分别设有能够在电池单体内部气体压力作用下开放的防爆阀，相邻的所 述防爆阀设置成位置彼此错开。
由于在电池单体主体的两端分别设有第一扣合体、第二扣合体，因此能够容易地以这些扣合体为参照物确定防爆阀的设置位置，进而能够容易地掌握扣合安装状态下的防爆阀位置。通过使扣合状态下彼此相对的端面上的防爆阀处于错开位置，能够避免其中一个防爆阀因热失控爆裂开而意外引发处于其对面的防爆阀爆裂开的情况。
本申请实施例的第二方面提供一种用电装置，其包括上述的本申请实施例的第一方面提供的电池。
由于能够使电池小型化和轻量化，因此也能够使用电装置小型化、轻量化；还能够根据实际使用情况容易地调整成组的电池单体的数量。而且，由于电池单体间的连接可靠性提高，因此电池乃至用电装置的可靠性提高。
本申请实施例的第三方面提供一种电池的制造方法，所述电池是上述的本申请实施例的第一方面提供的电池，所述电池的制造方法包括下述步骤：沿着所述第一方向排列两个以上的所述电池单体，并且，使相邻的所述电池单体中的一者的所述第一扣合体与该相邻的所述电池单体中的另一者的所述第二扣合体相扣合；沿着所述第一扣合体与所述第二扣合体扣合而形成的扣合结构的外周，对扣合结构外周的接缝处进行焊接。
由此，能够确保所连接的电池单体间的连接强度，而且，即使制造过程中不特别设置检查正负极极柱错位、离开等的步骤，也能够容易地进行焊接。而且，由于是对接缝处进行焊接，因此焊接工艺简单。
通过以上本申请的实施例，能够实现至少具有下述效果之一的电池、包括该电池的用电装置、以及电池的制造方法。
能够提高电池的生产效率且有利于电池的小型化与轻量化。
能够根据实际使用情况容易地调整成组的电池单体的数量。
能够确保电池间的正负极紧密贴合，使得正负极柱无间隙的连接。
附图说明
图1为示意性示出本申请一实施例的车辆的结构示意图。
图2为示意性示出本申请一实施例的电池单体的侧视示意图。
图3为示意性示出本申请一实施例的电池单体的结构的立体示意图。
图4为示意性示出本申请一实施例的电池的结构的侧视示意图。
图5为示意性示出本申请另一实施例的电池单体的侧视示意图。
图6为示意性示出本申请另一实施例的电池单体的另一观察角度的侧视示意图。
图7为示意性示出本申请另一实施例的电池单体的立体示意图。
图8为示意性示出本申请另一实施例的电池的结构的侧视示意图。
图9为示意性示出本申请另一实施例的电池的结构的立体示意图。
图10为示意性示出本申请又一实施例的电池单体的结构的侧视示意图。
图11为示意性示出本申请又一实施例的电池单体的结构的立体示意图。
图12为示意性示出本申请又一实施例的电池的结构的侧视示意图。
图13为示意性示出本申请又一实施例的电池的结构的立体示意图。
图14为示意性示出本申请一实施例的电池的制造方法的步骤流程图。
附图标记说明：
1-车辆；10-电池；11-控制器；12-马达；
100、200、300-电池单体；101、201、301-电池单体主体；102、202、302-正极(正极极柱)；103、203、303-负极(负极极柱)；104、204、304-第一凸台部；105、205、305-第二凸台部；106、206、306-第一扣合体；107、207、307-第二扣合体；108、208、308-接缝；208a、308a-第一凸台部与第二扣合体之间的接缝；208b、308b-第二凸台部与第一扣合体之间的接缝；208c、308c-第一扣合体与第二扣合体之间的接缝；209、309-第一立起部；210、310-第二立起部；211、311-第一弯折部；212、312-第二弯折部；213、313-第一容纳空间；214、314-第二容纳空间。115-防爆阀。
具体实施方式
以下，参照附图详细说明本申请的具体实施方式。附图仅用于示出本申请的优选实施例，而不应被认为是对本申请的限制。在整个附图中，用相同的附图标记表示相同的部件或要素。
通过阅读下文关于实施方式的详细描述，本申请的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此是示例性的，并不对本申请要求保护的范围构成限定。
需要注意的是，除非另有说明，本文中使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本申请实施例所属领域技术人员所理解的通常意义。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
此外，在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在诸如二次电池的电池制造中，存在需要将多个电池单体串联连接而形成电池组的工序。相关技术中，通常将多个电池单体以相同朝向排列，然后通过串联连接件(busbar；连接巴片)与各电池单体的同侧的极柱焊接 连接。焊接过程中，存在因电池单体高度不完全一致而导致电池单体的极柱与串联连接件接触不良的情况，进而引起焊接不良、过流能力不足等不良情况。
另外，当电池单体为圆柱形电池单体时，若要将圆柱形电池单体沿着轴向连接，则需要对圆柱形电池单体进行轴向和周向的定位，存在定位困难等问题。若定位不佳，则会引起焊缝偏移、焊接不良等情况。
再者，对于圆柱形电池单体，存在难以确定极柱区域防爆阀的位置朝向的问题，因此若两相邻的防爆阀处于薄弱部位相面对的位置，则存在其中一个防爆阀爆裂时意外引发相面对的另一防爆阀爆裂进而引起相邻电池单体失效的情况。
基于上述诸多问题，本申请的发明人经过锐意研究，设计出了一种能够降低焊接不良风险、易于电池单体间彼此定位且易于设计防爆阀位置的电池和电池的制造方法。
本申请涉及的电池可以是任何电池，例如电池模组和电池包，或者一次电池和二次电池，例如，二次电池包括镍氢电池、镍镉电池、铅酸(或铅蓄)电池、锂离子电池、钠离子电池、聚合物电池等。这种电池适用于各种使用电池的用电设备，例如手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动玩具、电动工具、电动车辆、船舶和航天器等，例如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等；电池用于为上述用电设备提供电能。
应理解，本申请实施例描述的技术方案不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的电池和用电设备，还可以适用于所有电池以及使用电池的用电设备，但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以电动车辆为例进行说明，但是很显然，本申请实施例涉及的电池的适用场景以及本申请实施例涉及的用电设备均不限于电动汽车。
图1为本申请实施例涉及的车辆1的结构示意图。如图1所示，车辆1可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1搭载有电池10，电池10可以设置在车辆1的底部或头部或尾部。电池10可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池10可以作为车辆1的操作电源。车辆1还可以包括控制器11和马达12，控制器11用来控制电池10为马达12供电，例如可用于车辆1 的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求等。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池10不仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
为了满足不同的使用电力需求，电池10可以包括多个电池单体100，电池单体100是指组成电池模组或电池包的最小单元。多个电池单体100可经由电极端子(以下也称为“极柱”)而被串联和/或并联在一起以应用于各种应用场合。本申请中所涉及的电池可以包括电池模组或电池包。其中，多个电池单体100之间可以串联或并联或混联，混联是指串联和并联的混合。本申请的实施例中的电池10可以由多个电池单体100直接组成，也可以先组成电池模组，电池模组再组成电池。另外，在本申请的实施例中，以电池包括多个串联连接的电池单体为例进行说明，但是本领域技术人员应当知晓，本申请实施例的电池并不限于“串联”的连接方式。
本申请的实施例的电池10可以包括容纳电池单体100的箱体。箱体容纳电池单体100，以减小外界振动或冲击对电池单体100的影响、避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体100的性能。箱体的材质可以是如铝合金、铁合金等合金材料，也可以是如聚碳酸酯、聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫塑料等高分子材料，或者是如玻璃纤维加环氧树脂的复合材料，本申请实施例对此也并不限定。
在一些实施例中，电池单体100可以为锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体100可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体100一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方体方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。柱形电池单体按照柱面的截面形状，又可以分为圆柱形电池单体、多边棱柱形电池单体等，但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以圆柱形电池单体100为例进行说明。
另外，虽然未特别图示，但是本申请实施例的电池单体100通常包括端盖、壳体和电芯组件。
端盖是指盖合于壳体的开口处以将电池单体100的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，端盖的形状可以与壳体的形状相适应以配合壳体。 可选地，端盖可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，端盖在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体100能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。端盖上可以设置有如电极端子等功能性部件。电极端子可以用于与电芯组件电连接，以用于输出电池单体100的电能或输入电能至电池单体100。端盖的材质也可以是多种的，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。在一些实施例中，在端盖的内侧还可以设置有绝缘件，绝缘件可以用于隔离壳体内的电连接部件与端盖，以降低短路的风险。示例性的，绝缘件可以是塑料、橡胶等。
壳体是用于配合端盖以形成电池单体100的内部环境的组件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电芯组件、电解液(在图中未示出)以及其他部件。壳体和端盖可以是独立的部件，可以在壳体上设置开口，通过在开口处使端盖盖合开口以形成电池单体的内部环境。不限地，也可以使端盖和壳体一体化，具体地，端盖和壳体可以在其他部件入壳前先形成一个共同的连接面，当需要封装壳体的内部时，再使端盖盖合壳体。壳体可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，壳体的形状可以根据电芯组件的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。由于在本申请实施例以圆柱形电池单体100为例进行说明，因此，电池单体100的壳体例如为圆柱体形。
电芯组件是电池单体100中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体内可以包含一个或多个电芯组件。电芯组件主要由正极片和负极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极片与负极片之间设有隔膜。正极片和负极片具有活性物质的部分构成电芯组件的主体部，正极片和负极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳(在图中未示出)。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端。在电池的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳连接电极端子而形成电流回路。
图2至图3示意性示出本申请一实施例的电池单体的结构，图4示意性示出本申请一实施例的电池的结构。如图2至图4所示，电池包括沿着 第一方向排列的两个以上的电池单体100，各电池单体100的正极102和负极103中的任一者构成为具有第一扣合体106，各电池单体100的正极102和负极103中的另一者构成为具有第二扣合体107，相邻的电池单体100中的一者的第一扣合体106与该相邻的电池单体100中的另一者的第二扣合体107相扣合，通过第一扣合体106与第二扣合体107扣合而连接的电池单体100在第一方向上的移动被限制。
此处，所谓第一方向，在本申请的实施例中是指电池正极与负极相接而依次排列的方向；以本申请的圆柱状电池单体为例，是指圆柱的轴线方向。具体到图4中，第一方向为图4中的左右方向。
电池单体100的正极102和负极103可以任意地配置电池单体100的两端面，为便于说明，在图2至图4的例子中，将附图标记102所示的极柱作为正极(也称为正极极柱)，将附图标记103所示的极柱作为负极(也称为负极极柱)。当然，也可以反过来，将附图标记102所示的极柱作为负极，将附图标记103所示的极柱作为正极。
正极102可以具有第一扣合体106或者第二扣合体107，负极103可以具有第二扣合体107或第一扣合体106。为便于说明，以正极102具有第一扣合体106、负极103具有第二扣合体107为例来进行说明。
当使图2所示的第一扣合体106与图3所示的第二扣合体107相扣合，则形成图4所示的两电池单体扣合连接的状态，此时，被连接的两电池单体在第一方向上的移动被限制，即，两电池单体在第一扣合体106和第二扣合体107的作用下无法沿着第一方向分离。
由此，由于相邻的电池单体100通过第一扣合体106与第二扣合体107的扣合而相互连接，因此，与传统的使用电连接件将各电池单体连接的方式相比，提高了电池的生产效率，减少了使用的零部件，有利于电池整体的小型化和轻量化。
而且，由于只要通过使沿着第一方向相邻排列的电池单体100彼此扣合就能够实现电池单体间的连接，因此能够根据实际使用情况容易地增减电池单体的数量，使得电池成组简单而灵活。例如，当需要更多的电池单体时，只需在已扣合连接的电池单体群的端部再通过第一扣合体106与第二扣合体107的扣合连接来接续更多的电池单体100即可。
再者，由于扣合而连接的电池单体间在第一方向上的移动被限制，因此无需担心在所连接的电池单体的极柱间产生间隙而引起连接不良等情况，在进行电池单体的成组时，在使第一扣合体与第二扣合体扣合后，只需对电池单体进行支撑即可进行后续的焊接等工序，制造简单且电池单体间连接可靠性高。
在任意的实施方式中，各电池单体100具有电池单体主体101和分别设于电池单体主体101相对的两端的正极102和负极103。
此处的电池单体100的结构系为了便于说明而划分的，并不与其他对电池或电池单体的结构和/或功能划分相冲突。
关于正极102和负极103的设置位置，优选隔着电池单体主体101设置在彼此相对的位置，即，当沿着轴向观察正极和负极时，它们基本上处于重合的位置。
另外，关于正极102和负极103的形状，优选具有沿着轴向观察时具有大致相同的外轮廓。
另外，关于正极102和负极103的材料，只要具有规定的电导率和过流能力即可，例如可以采用金属铝、金属铜、或是镀镍或镀银的金属铝或金属铜等。
由于电池单体101的正极102和负极103分别位于电池单体主体101的两端，因此便于使相邻的电池单体101的正极102与负极103扣合，从而便于使两个乃至更多个电池单体彼此扣合连接。
在任意的实施方式中，如图2和图3所示，正极102和负极103均构成为具有设于电池单体主体101的凸台部104、105，第一扣合体106和第二扣合体107分别与各自对应的凸台部104、105一体地连接，与第一扣合体106连接的凸台部为第一凸台部104，与第二扣合体107连接的凸台部为第二凸台部105。
由此可知，电池正极102整体上包括设于电池单体主体101的一端面的第一凸台部104和与第一凸台部104一体形成的第一扣合体106，从图2中可以看出，第一扣合体106相对于第一凸台部104凸出地形成。
电池负极103整体上包括设于电池单体主体101的另一端面的第二凸台部103和与第二凸台部105一体形成的第二扣合体107，从图3可以看 出，第二扣合体107相对于第二凸台部105的表面凹陷的设置。这样，当将第一扣合体106插入第二扣合体107中扣合后，两凸台部104、105可以面接触。
关于第一凸台部104和第二凸台部105的形状、尺寸没有特别限制，在本实施例中，作为示例，将第一凸台部104和第二凸台部105均形成了圆柱状，其直径只要不超过电池单体主体101的外径即可，厚度可以根据实际需求进行设定。
另外，关于第一扣合体106和第二扣合体107的形成长度，只要能够实现扣合，并无特别限定，但是，将第二扣合体107形成为图3所示那样，即形成为只有一个开放端的槽状，有利于更可靠地限定第一扣合体106的位置，进而更可靠地限定两电池单体100之间的相对位置，能够从更多方向限制两电池单体沿着圆柱径向发生偏移。
由于正极102或负极103的极柱包括凸台部104、105和扣合体106、107，因此能够确保正极与负极扣合连接时具有足够的接触面积，在能够确保可靠电连接的同时，能够满足较大的过流需求。
在任意的实施方式中，如图2所示，第一扣合体106形成为凸条状，且横截面以随着远离电池单体主体101而变宽的方式形成；如图3所示，第二扣合体107形成为能够与第一扣合体106以面接触的方式相扣合的槽状。
由此，如图2和图3所示，第一扣合体106与第二扣合体107形成了梯形条块与燕尾型条槽相配合的结构，由此能够限制所连接的两电池单体沿着第一方向朝彼此分离的方向移动，而且还能够抑制两电池单体的错位，同时实现了可靠连接和限位的作用。
此处举出了梯形条块与燕尾型条槽相配合的结构的例子，其他能够相配合而限制沿第一方向的移动的结构也可，例如第一扣合体106为T字形，第二扣合体107为具有截面为T字形的槽空间的槽状。
在任意的实施方式中，如图4所示，在相邻的电池单体中的一者的第一扣合体106与该相邻的电池单体中的另一者的第二扣合体107相扣合的状态，第一凸台部104与第二凸台部105以第一扣合部106与第二扣合部107相扣合的状态保持面接触。
具体而言，在第一扣合部106与第二扣合部107相扣合的状态，第一凸台部104与第二凸台部105形成各自的顶面相抵接而面接触。另外，第一扣合体106的外轮廓面也与第二扣合部107的槽空间轮廓面相接触。
由于扣合状态下，第一凸台部104与第二凸台部105保持面接触，因此能够在确保可靠电连接的同时，满足较大的过流需求。
在任意的实施方式中，如图4所示，在所述第一凸台部与所述第二凸台部之间的接缝处设有焊接而形成的焊接部。
如图4所示，左侧的电池单体的正极与右侧的电池单体的负极通过扣合连接而形成电池极柱连接体，在该电池极柱连接体上形成有一接缝108。通过沿着该接缝108进行焊接，能够对两电池单体的相对位置进行固定。
关于焊接，例如可以采用对缝线焊工艺。另外，根据对电池本身强度以及电池的运行工况等设计焊接区域，例如既可以沿着接缝108的整周进行焊接，也可以沿着接缝108在局部进行焊接。
由于对面接触的第一凸台部104和第二凸台部105之间的接缝108处进行焊接，因此能够对彼此相连接的电池单体进行相对定位，能够确保电池单体间的连接。而且，由于只需要对正极极柱与负极极柱的两凸台部的接缝处进行焊接就能够提供足够的连接强度，因此焊接作业简单，而且还能够提高电池单体间的连接强度。
在任意的实施方式中，扣合结构还可以采用图5至图9所示的结构，详细而言，第一扣合体206形成为具有：第一立起部209，相对于第一凸台部204立起地设置，第一立起部209的一端一体地连接于第一凸台部204；和第一弯折部211，相对于第一立起部209弯折地设于第一立起部209的另一端，并且，在第一弯折部211与第一凸台部204之间形成有供第二扣合体207插入的第一容纳空间213。第二扣合体207形成为具有：第二立起部210，相对于第二凸台部205立起地设置，第二立起部210的一端一体地连接于第二凸台部205；和第二弯折部212，相对于第二立起部210弯折地设于第二立起部210的另一端，并且，在第二弯折部212与第二凸台部205之间形成有供第一扣合体206插入的第二容纳空间。
如图5和图6所示，第一扣合体206具有第一立起部209，该第一立起部209例如是第一凸台部204为底面的圆柱体的周壁的一部分，该第一 立起部209的外周面与第一凸台部204的外周面相连续且位于同一弧面。在本例中，第一立起部209相对于第一凸台部204以大致垂直的方式立起。在该第一立起部209的远离电池单体主体101的一端一体地设有第一弯折部211。如图6所示，当从侧面观察第一弯折部211和第一立起部209时，其整体上呈倒置的L字形，且该第一弯折部211的长度小于第一凸台部204的轮廓尺寸。如图7所示，该第一弯折部211在沿轴向观察时呈扇形。
第二扣合体207具有第二立起部210，该第二立起部210例如是第二凸台部205为底面的圆柱体的周壁的一部分，该第二立起部210的外周面与第二凸台部205的外周面相连续且位于同一弧面。在本例中，第二立起部210相对于第二凸台部205以大致垂直的方式立起。在该第二立起部210的远离电池单体主体201的一端一体地设有第二弯折部212。如图5和图6所示，当从侧面观察第二弯折部212和第二立起部210时，其整体上呈局部切缺的圆柱体，且该第二弯折部212的长度小于第二凸台部205的轮廓尺寸。
如图5和图6所示，在第一弯折部211与第一凸台部204之间夹着一空隙，该空隙作为容纳第二扣合体207、具体而言容纳第二弯折部212的空间发挥作用。第二弯折部212与第二立起部210以及第二凸台部205围成一空间，该空间作为容纳第一扣合体206、具体而言容纳第一弯折部211的空间发挥作用。
当相邻的两电池单体扣合连接时，具体而言，如图8和图9所示，图中左侧的电池单体与图中右侧的电池单体通过第一扣合体206和第二扣合体207扣合而连接的状态下，左侧的电池单体的负极与右侧的电池单体的正极通过扣合连接而形成电池极柱连接体，该电池极柱连接体的外周面由第一凸台部204的外周面、第二凸台部205的外周面、第一扣合体206的外周面以及第二扣合体207的外周面拼合而成。在第一方向上，右侧的电池单体的第一扣合体206的第一弯折部211的端面抵接于左侧的电池单体的第二凸台部205的端面，左侧的电池单体的第二扣合体207的第二弯折部212的端面抵接于右侧的电池单体的第一凸台部204的端面，由此，在第一方面上也形成紧密的面接触。与此同时，第一弯折部211的朝向第一凸台部204侧的面与第二弯折部212的朝向第二凸台部205侧的面也形成 面接触。另外，第一扣合体206中的沿着第一方向延伸的各面与第二扣合体207中的沿着第一方向延伸的各面也分别形成面接触。
如上所述，通过上述构成的第一扣合体206与第二扣合体207，能够使相邻的电池单体的正极与负极不易分离或错位而是以紧密面接触的方式扣合而连接，而且即使在尚未进行焊接的状态下，也能够确保电池单体间的一定程度的连接强度。另外，还能够进一步增加正极极柱与负极极柱的接触面积。
在任意的实施方式中，如图5至图9所示，第一立起部209由以第一凸台部204为底面的柱状体的周壁的一部分形成，第二立起部210为柱状体的周壁的其余部分形成。
由此，扣合后的第一立起部、第一凸台部、第二立起部和第二凸台部一起构成柱状体，利于提高连接强度，而且便于对接缝进行焊接。
在任意的实施方式中，如图6和图7所示，第一弯折部211和第二弯折部212均为具有均匀厚度的板状。
关于第一弯折部211、第二弯折部212的厚度，可以根据需要具体设定，作为一个例子，例如可以设置为1.5mm。当然，还可以对第一、第二弯折部的端部进行圆锥倒角以便于安装。由此，扣合体的加工与安装均比较容易。
在任意的实施方式中，如图10至图13所示，第一弯折部311构成为随着远离第一立起部309而厚度逐渐变薄的板状；第二弯折部312构成为随着远离第二立起部310而厚度逐渐变薄的板状。
如图12所示，作为一个具体的例子，将第一弯折部311形成为楔形，当从图12所述的侧面观察时，具有大致直角三角形的截面。当将这样的第一弯折部311插入第二扣合体的第二容纳空间中时，第一弯折部311的顶面与第二凸台部305面接触，第一弯折部311的倾斜面与第二弯折部312的朝向第二凸台部305侧的倾斜面(图中未示出)相配合而面接触。
由此，由于第一弯折部和第二弯折部构成为一端薄而一端厚的板状，因此在两者配合时，无需特别定位或导向就能够容易地扣合在一起，而且能够进一步增加所连接的电池单体间的正极极柱与负极极柱的接触面积。
在任意的实施方式中，如图8和图12所示，在相邻的电池单体中的 一者的第一扣合体206、306与该相邻的电池单体中的另一者的第二扣合体207、307相扣合的状态，第一弯折部211、311插入于第二容纳空间214、314，第二弯折部212、312插入于第一容纳空间213、313，并且，第一凸台部204、304与第二弯折部211、311保持面接触且第二凸台部205、305与第一弯折部211、311保持面接触。
由此，扣合状态下，所连接的正极极柱与负极极柱能够整体上呈柱状体，便于后续的焊接；而且，所连接的正极极柱与负极极柱具有大的接触面积，因此能够确保可靠的电连接，满足大的过流需求。
在任意的实施方式中，如图8和图12所示，在第一凸台部204、304与第二扣合体205、305之间的接缝208a、308a处、以及、第二凸台部205、305与第一扣合体206、306之间的接缝208b、308b处设有焊接而形成的焊接部。
如图8和图12所示，左侧的电池单体的负极与右侧的电池单体的正极通过扣合连接而形成电池极柱连接体，在该电池极柱连接体上形成有一接缝208、308。通过沿着该接缝208、308进行焊接，能够对两电池单体的相对位置进行固定。
具体而言，接缝208、308包括第一凸台部204、304与第二扣合体205、305之间的接缝208a、308a、第二凸台部205、305与第一扣合体206、306之间的接缝208b、308b、以及第一扣合体206、306与第二扣合体207、307之间的接缝208c、308c。在进行焊接时，可以只对接缝208a、308a和接缝208b、308b进行焊接，因为这些接缝处于同一圆周位置，无需使焊接工具或是所焊接的电池沿着第一方向移动，而且由于扣合体本身具有一定的连接强度，因此即使不针对全部的接缝208、308进行焊接也能够确保连接强度。当然，根据需要，也可以对接缝208c、308c进行焊接。
由此只需环绕着所连接的正极极柱与负极极柱的外周沿周向焊接即可，焊接作业简单，耗时短，有助于提高电池的生产效率。
在任意的实施方式中，所述凸台部、所述第一扣合体以及所述第二扣合体的材质为金属铝、金属铜、镀镍金属铝、镀银金属铝、镀镍金属铜和镀银金属铜中的至少任意一种。
采用具有高导电性的材料构成包括凸台部、扣合体在内的正极极柱和 负极极柱，有助于提高电极的导电性和过流能力。
在任意的实施方式中，如图3、图11、图13所示，在电池单体主体的第一方向上的两端部分别设有能够在电池单体内部气体压力作用下开放的防爆阀115，相邻的防爆阀115设置成位置彼此错开。
具体而言，不论是在电池单体主体101、201、301的正极侧端面还是负极侧端面，防爆阀115例如均可以参照该端面上的扣合体来设置。例如图3中，负极侧端面的防爆阀115设置在远离第二扣合体107的位置，虽然未图示，正极侧端面的防爆阀115设置在与第一扣合体106同侧的位置，这样当多个电池单体彼此扣合连接时，邻近的电池单体主体的端面上的防爆阀115始终处于错开的位置。例如图11中，正极侧端面的防爆阀115设置在与第一扣合体306同侧的位置，虽然未图示，负极侧端面的防爆阀115设置在第二扣合体307的同侧，这样当多个电池单体彼此扣合连接时，邻近的电池单体主体的端面上的防爆阀115始终处于错开的位置。
由于在电池单体主体的两端分别设有第一扣合体、第二扣合体，因此能够容易地以这些扣合体为参照物确定防爆阀的设置位置，进而能够容易地掌握扣合安装状态下的防爆阀位置。通过使扣合状态下彼此相对的端面上的防爆阀处于错开位置，能够避免其中一个防爆阀因热失控爆裂开而意外引发处于其对面的防爆阀爆裂开的情况。
本申请实施例的第二方面提供一种用电装置，其包括上述的本申请实施例的第一方面提供的电池。
由于能够使电池小型化和轻量化，因此也能够使用电装置小型化、轻量化；还能够根据实际使用情况容易地调整成组的电池单体的数量。而且，由于电池单体间的连接可靠性提高，因此电池乃至用电装置的可靠性提高。
本申请实施例的第三方面提供一种电池的制造方法，电池是上述的本申请实施例的第一方面提供的电池，电池的制造方法包括下述步骤：沿着第一方向排列两个以上的电池单体100(或200、300)，并且，使相邻的电池单体100(或200、300)中的一者的第一扣合体106(或206、306)与该相邻的电池单体100(或200、300)中的另一者的第二扣合体107(或207、307)相扣合(步骤S100)；沿着第一扣合体106(或206、306)与第二扣合体107(或207、307)扣合而形成的扣合结构的外周，对扣合结构 外周的接缝108(或208、308)处进行焊接(步骤S200)。
由此，能够确保所连接的电池单体间的连接强度，而且，即使制造过程中不特别设置检查正负极极柱错位、离开等的步骤，也能够容易地进行焊接。而且，由于是对接缝处进行焊接，因此焊接工艺简单。
下面，作为示例，对本申请的具体实施例进行说明。
如图2至图4所示，电池单体100的正极102设有一第一凸台部104和一第一扣合体106，负极103设有第二凸台部105和一第二扣合体107，第一扣合体106为截面呈梯形的凸条状，第二扣合体107为形成于第二凸台部105的燕尾条槽。通过第一扣合体106与第二扣合体107的扣合能够是两电池单体的相对位置基本固定，能够限制两电池单体沿着轴向分开而导致正负极间存在间隙。在扣合状态下，沿着圆形的接缝108进行焊接。由此，由于实施正负极柱的对缝焊接，因此增大了焊接区域，可以采用线焊工艺，便于焊接轨迹寻址，降低焊接难度。
如图5至图13所示，电池单体200(300)的正极设有一第一凸台部204(304)和一第一扣合体206(306)，该第一扣合体206(306)相对于第一凸台部204(304)立起地设置，从侧面观察可以呈L字形。电池单体200(300)的负极设有一第二凸台部205(305)和一第一扣合体207(307)，该第二扣合体207(307)相对于第二凸台部205(305)立起地设置，且在第二扣合体207(307)与第二凸台部205(305)之间形成有一凹穴(第二容纳空间)，第一扣合体207(307)的一部分可以插入于该凹穴中，由此形成扣合结构。
另外，可以参照着第一扣合体、第二扣合体的位置来设置防爆阀115，使得当电池单体彼此连接时，相邻的两相对面上的防爆阀115处于完全错开的位置，以确保其中一个爆裂不会引发另一个意外爆裂。
上述的这样的例如适合于大电池或电池包中的长棒状的电池成组方案。连接数量无限制，可根据实际电池包或电池尺寸进行调节。而且，与相关技术相比，除去了电池单体间的电连接片，因此能够大幅降低成本以及电池或电池包的重量；而且电池单体间正负极能够完全贴合，也便于装配焊接。
上述实施例是示例性的，本领域技术人员知晓上述各构成要素之间可 以组合、替换或省略。
以上对本申请的实施方式进行了说明，但是本领域技术人员应当知晓，本申请不限定于上述实施方式。上述实施方式仅为示例，在本申请的技术方案范围内具有与技术思想实质相同的构成、发挥相同作用效果的实施方式均包含在本申请的技术范围内。此外，在不脱离本申请主旨的范围内，对实施方式施加本领域技术人员能够想到的各种变形、将实施方式中的一部分构成要素加以组合而构筑的其它方式也包含在本申请的范围内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括沿着第一方向排列的两个以上的电池单体，各所述电池单体的正极和负极中的任一者构成为具有第一扣合体，各所述电池单体的所述正极和所述负极中的另一者构成为具有第二扣合体，
    相邻的所述电池单体中的一者的所述第一扣合体与该相邻的所述电池单体中的另一者的所述第二扣合体相扣合，通过所述第一扣合体与所述第二扣合体扣合而连接的所述电池单体在所述第一方向上的移动被限制。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其特征在于，
    各所述电池单体具有电池单体主体和分别设于所述电池单体主体相对的两端的所述正极和所述负极。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池，其特征在于，
    所述正极和所述负极均构成为具有设于所述电池单体主体的凸台部，所述第一扣合体和所述第二扣合体分别与各自对应的所述凸台部一体地连接，与所述第一扣合体连接的所述凸台部为第一凸台部，与所述第二扣合体连接的所述凸台部为第二凸台部。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的电池，其特征在于，
    所述第一扣合体形成为凸条状，且所述横截面以随着远离所述电池单体主体而变宽的方式形成；
    所述第二扣合体形成为能够与所述第一扣合体以面接触的方式相扣合的槽状。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池，其特征在于，
    在相邻的所述电池单体中的一者的所述第一扣合体与该相邻的所述电池单体中的另一者的所述第二扣合体相扣合的状态，所述第一凸台部与所述第二凸台部以所述第一扣合部与所述第二扣合部相扣合的状态保持面接触。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池，其特征在于，
    在所述第一凸台部与所述第二凸台部之间的接缝处设有焊接而形成的焊接部。
  7. 根据权利要求2或3所述的电池，其特征在于，
    所述第一扣合体形成为具有：
    第一立起部，相对于所述第一凸台部立起地设置，所述第一立起部的一端一体地连接于所述第一凸台部；和
    第一弯折部，相对于所述第一立起部弯折地设于所述第一立起部的另一端，并且，在所述第一弯折部与所述第一凸台部之间形成有供所述第二扣合体插入的第一容纳空间；
    所述第二扣合体形成为具有：
    第二立起部，相对于所述第二凸台部立起地设置，所述第二立起部的一端一体地连接于所述第二凸台部；和
    第二弯折部，相对于所述第二立起部弯折地设于所述第二立起部的另一端，并且，在所述第二弯折部与所述第二凸台部之间形成有供所述第一扣合体插入的第二容纳空间。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池，其特征在于，
    所述第一立起部由以所述第一凸台部为底面的柱状体的周壁的一部分形成，所述第二立起部为所述柱状体的所述周壁的其余部分形成。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的电池，其特征在于，
    所述第一弯折部和所述第二弯折部均为具有均匀厚度的板状。
  10. 根据权利要求7或8所述的电池，其特征在于，
    所述第一弯折部构成为随着远离所述第一立起部而厚度逐渐变薄的板状；
    所述第二弯折部构成为随着远离所述第二立起部而厚度逐渐变薄的板状。
  11. 根据权利要求7至10中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，
    在相邻的所述电池单体中的一者的所述第一扣合体与该相邻的所述电池单体中的另一者的所述第二扣合体相扣合的状态，所述第一弯折部插入于所述第二容纳空间，所述第二弯折部插入于所述第一容纳空间，并且，
    所述第一凸台部与所述第二弯折部保持面接触且所述第二凸台部与所述第一弯折部保持面接触。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池，其特征在于，
    在所述第一凸台部与所述第二扣合体之间的接缝处、以及、所述第二凸台部与所述第一扣合体之间的接缝处设有焊接而形成的焊接部。
  13. 根据权利要求3至12中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，
    所述凸台部、所述第一扣合体以及所述第二扣合体的材质为金属铝、金属铜、镀镍金属铝、镀银金属铝、镀镍金属铜和镀银金属铜中的至少任意一种。
  14. 根据权利要求2至13中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，
    在所述电池单体主体的所述第一方向上的两端部分别设有能够在电池单体内部气体压力作用下开放的防爆阀，相邻的所述防爆阀设置成位置彼此错开。
  15. 一种用电装置，其特征在于，包括权利要求1至14中任一项所述的电池。
  16. 一种权利要求1至14中任一项所述的电池的制造方法，其特征在于，包括下述步骤：
    沿着所述第一方向排列两个以上的所述电池单体，并且，使相邻的所述电池单体中的一者的所述第一扣合体与该相邻的所述电池单体中的另一者的所述第二扣合体相扣合；
    沿着所述第一扣合体与所述第二扣合体扣合而形成的扣合结构的外周，对扣合结构外周的接缝处进行焊接。
PCT/CN2022/070830 2022-01-07 2022-01-07 电池、用电装置及电池的制造方法 WO2023130387A1 (zh)

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