WO2023163574A1 - 멀티 링크를 사용하는 무선 통신 방법 및 이를 사용하는 무선 통신 단말 - Google Patents
멀티 링크를 사용하는 무선 통신 방법 및 이를 사용하는 무선 통신 단말 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
- H04W28/0252—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control per individual bearer or channel
- H04W28/0263—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control per individual bearer or channel involving mapping traffic to individual bearers or channels, e.g. traffic flow template [TFT]
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- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/14—Multichannel or multilink protocols
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- H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
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- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
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- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
- H04W74/04—Scheduled access
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- H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
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- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
- H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wireless communication method using multi-links and a wireless communication terminal using the same.
- Wireless LAN technology is a technology that allows mobile devices such as smart phones, smart pads, laptop computers, portable multimedia players, and embedded devices to wirelessly access the Internet at home, businesses, or specific service areas based on wireless communication technology in a short distance. am.
- IEEE 802.11b supports a communication speed of up to 11 Mbps while using a frequency of the 2.4 GHz band.
- IEEE 802.11a which was commercialized after IEEE 802.11b, uses a frequency of the 5GHz band rather than the 2.4GHz band, reducing the effect of interference compared to the frequency of the significantly congested 2.4GHz band, and using OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) technology. communication speed up to 54 Mbps.
- IEEE 802.11a has a short communication distance compared to IEEE 802.11b.
- IEEE 802.11g like IEEE 802.11b, uses a frequency of 2.4 GHz band to realize a communication speed of up to 54 Mbps, and has received considerable attention because it satisfies backward compatibility. have the upper hand
- IEEE 802.11n As a technical standard established to overcome the limitation of communication speed, which has been pointed out as a weakness in the wireless LAN. IEEE 802.11n aims to increase the speed and reliability of networks and extend the operating distance of wireless networks. More specifically, IEEE 802.11n supports High Throughput (HT) with a data processing rate of up to 540 Mbps or more, and also uses multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to minimize transmission errors and optimize data rates. It is based on Multiple Inputs and Multiple Outputs (MIMO) technology. In addition, this standard can use a coding scheme that transmits multiple redundant copies to increase data reliability.
- HT High Throughput
- MIMO Multiple Inputs and Multiple Outputs
- IEEE 802.11ac supports a wide bandwidth (80 MHz to 160 MHz) at a frequency of 5 GHz.
- the IEEE 802.11ac standard is defined only in the 5GHz band, but early 11ac chipsets will support operation in the 2.4GHz band for backward compatibility with existing 2.4GHz band products.
- the wireless LAN speed of multiple stations can be at least 1 Gbps and the maximum single link speed can be at least 500 Mbps.
- IEEE 802.11ad is a transmission standard that provides a speed of up to 7 Gbps using beamforming technology, and is suitable for high-bitrate video streaming such as large amounts of data or uncompressed HD video.
- the 60 GHz frequency band has a disadvantage in that it is difficult to pass through obstacles and can only be used between devices in a short distance.
- the IEEE 802.11ax High Efficiency WLAN, HEW
- HEW High Efficiency WLAN
- IEEE 802.11be Extremely High Throughput, EHT
- EHT Extremely High Throughput
- An object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a wireless communication method using multi-link and a wireless communication terminal using the same.
- a terminal (non-AP STA) transmitting traffic in a wireless communication system includes a transceiver; And a processor, wherein the processor receives a beacon frame from a second MLD including a plurality of access points (APs) operating on each of the plurality of links, and transmits and receives a data unit based on the beacon frame; ,
- the beacon frame depends on whether the mapping between a plurality of traffic identifiers (TIDs) and the plurality of links is downlink or bidirectional default mapping. and a multi-link traffic indication element indicating mapping between at least one TID for a buffered unit (BU) of the plurality of APs among TIDs and the plurality of links.
- TIDs traffic identifiers
- BU buffered unit
- the basic mapping means a state in which all of the plurality of TIDs are mapped to each of the plurality of links.
- the beacon frame when the mapping between the plurality of TIDs and the plurality of links is not the basic mapping, the beacon frame includes the multi-link traffic indicator element.
- the beacon frame when the mapping between the plurality of TIDs and the plurality of links is the basic mapping, the beacon frame does not include the multi-link traffic indicator element.
- the mapping between the plurality of TIDs and the plurality of links is not the basic mapping and the beacon frame does not include the multi-link traffic indicator element
- the at least one of the plurality of links A PS-Poll frame for receiving the data unit is transmitted to the second MLD through a link corresponding to a specific TID among TIDs of .
- At least one of the plurality of links constitutes an EMLSR link set of an enhanced multi-link single radio (EMLSR) mode supporting transmission and reception only on a single link
- EMLSR enhanced multi-link single radio
- the EMLSR mode is terminated if the number of remaining links excluding the specific link among the at least one link is 1 or 0.
- the EMLSR mode ends when the specific link is removed.
- only one or more links mapped to the at least one TID among the plurality of links performs a listening operation with the second MLD.
- the beacon frame It does not contain a multi-link traffic indicator element.
- the present invention comprises the steps of receiving a beacon frame from a second MLD including a plurality of Access Points (APs) operating in each of the plurality of links; And transmitting and receiving a data unit based on the beacon frame, wherein the beacon frame is configured such that mapping between a plurality of traffic identifiers (TIDs) and the plurality of links is downlink or bidirectional ( A multi-link traffic indicator indicating mapping between at least one TID for a BU (Buffered Unit) of the plurality of APs among the plurality of TIDs and the plurality of links according to whether the default mapping is for bidirectional A method of including a multi-link traffic indication element is provided.
- TIDs traffic identifiers
- An embodiment of the present invention provides a wireless communication method using multi-links efficiently and a wireless communication terminal using the same.
- FIG. 1 shows a WLAN system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a wireless LAN system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG 3 shows the configuration of a station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG 4 shows the configuration of an access point according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a process in which a station establishes a link with an access point.
- CSMA carrier sense multiple access
- CA collision avoidance
- FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a PPDU (Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit) format for each standard generation.
- PPDU Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit
- EHT Extremely High Throughput
- PPDU Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit
- FIG. 9 shows a multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG 11 shows the operation of a multi-link device when a link is changed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 shows an operation of canceling channel access prohibition when a station of a non-STR multi-link device confirms that an intended recipient of a PPDU received is not a station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 15 shows an operation in which a station performs transmission after canceling channel access prohibition according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 16 shows transmission performed based on the state of a station in a non-STR multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 shows an operation in which an STR multi-link device stops transmission to a non-STR multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 shows processing of the value of CW when an STR multi-link device recognizes a transmission collision between links according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 shows an operation of performing channel access again after an STR multi-link device stops transmission to a non-STR multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 shows an operation in which a STR multi-link device transmits a CTS-to-Self frame prior to transmission to a non-STR multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 22 shows that a plurality of APs included in an STR multi-link device perform transmission to a plurality of stations included in one non-STR multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a plurality of APs included in an STR multi-link device performs a plurality of transmissions in which the termination of transmission is synchronized to a plurality of stations included in one non-STR multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 25 shows a hidden node problem occurring in the RTS/CTS frame exchange procedure according to the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 24 .
- 26 shows that multi-link devices exchange RTS/CTS frames according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 27 shows that a multi-link device transmits a response to a control frame as an exception even when channel access is prohibited according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- 29 shows that a control frame is transmitted through a link in which a station whose channel access is not prohibited operates, rather than a link in which a station whose channel access is prohibited operates according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 30 shows that a multi-link device transmits an ACK according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 31 shows an element field indicating information about sync PPDU reception support or transmission support according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 35 shows a connection between a single radio multi-link device and an AP multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 37 shows an operation in which a single radio multi-link device performs channel access in consideration of a delay time of a radio frequency (RF) chain change according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- RF radio frequency
- a single radio multi-link device transmits a PPDU using MIMO.
- FIG. 40 shows that a station and a single radio multi-link device perform an NDP sounding process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 41 shows that a station and a single radio multi-link device perform a feedback beamforming sounding sequence according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 48 shows a format of a Multi-Link element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 50 shows a Multi-Link element signaling information about the padding length of an initial control frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a multi-link device terminates TXOP in a link in which frame exchange is performed in EMLSR mode in consideration of a DTIM beacon received in an EMLSR link in which frame exchange is not performed in EMLSR mode.
- FIG. 52 illustrates an operation in which an EMLSR MLD changes to a reception (transmission/reception) support mode for another EMLSR Link after a frame exchange procedure is terminated in a specific EMLSR Link according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- TXOP frame exchange sequence
- FIG. 54 illustrates an operation of not switching to Listening operation when an EMLSR MLD intends to receive a Beacon/Group addressed frame on an EMLSR Link already performing a frame exchange procedure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 57 illustrates a method of releasing the EMLSR mode of a non-AP MLD after performing TID-to-link mapping according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 58 illustrates operations of a non-AP MLD and an AP MLD for establishing an EMLSR link in consideration of a changed TID-to-Link mapping according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 60 illustrates operations of a non-AP MLD and an AP MLD for establishing an EMLSR link in consideration of a changed AP MLD link configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 61 illustrates an embodiment of a TID-to-Link mapping element indicating a QMF that can be transmitted regardless of Link.
- 62 illustrates an embodiment of an MLD operation in which a QMF policy is established through TID-to-Link mapping.
- 63 illustrates an embodiment of a format of a TID-to-Link mapping element.
- 65 illustrates an embodiment in which a response MLD selectively responds to some TIDs among TIDs indicated by (or suggested by) an initiating MLD and link mapping.
- 66 illustrates how the initiating MLD responds to accept (accept) the TID-to-Link mapping proposed inversely from the responding MLD.
- 67 illustrates an unsolicited TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame transmitted from an AP MLD and a TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation process between an AP MLD and a non-AP MLD show an example
- FIG. 69 illustrates a first format of a Multi-Link TIM element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 70 illustrates a Multi-Link TIM element indication/interpretation method using the first format of the Multi-Link TIM element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 71 illustrates another instruction/interpretation method of the Multi-Link TIM element using the first format of the Multi-Link TIM element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 72 illustrates a second format of a Multi-Link TIM element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 73 illustrates a Multi-Link TIM element indication/interpretation method using the second format of the Multi-Link TIM element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 74 illustrates a third format of a Multi-Link TIM element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 75 illustrates a Multi-Link TIM element indication/interpretation method using the third format of the Multi-Link TIM element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 76 illustrates a TIM element and a multi-link TIM element transmitted through MSDU according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 77 illustrates a method of indicating/setting AID-related information of a TIM element and a multi-link TIM element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 78 illustrates a method of transmitting a Multi-Link TIM (Traffic Indication) element from an AP MLD to a non-AP MLD according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a Multi-Link TIM Traffic Indication
- fields and subfields may be used interchangeably.
- FIG. 1 shows a WLAN system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a wireless LAN system includes one or more basic service sets (BSS), and the BSS represents a set of devices that can successfully synchronize and communicate with each other.
- BSS basic service sets
- the BSS can be divided into an infrastructure BSS (infrastructure BSS) and an independent BSS (Independent BSS, IBSS), and FIG. 1 shows the infrastructure BSS.
- the infrastructure BSS (BSS1, BSS2) includes one or more stations (STA1, STA2, STA3, STA4, and STA5), an access point (AP-1) that is a station providing a distribution service, , AP-2), and a distribution system (DS) connecting a plurality of access points (AP-1, AP-2).
- BSS1, BSS2 includes one or more stations (STA1, STA2, STA3, STA4, and STA5), an access point (AP-1) that is a station providing a distribution service, , AP-2), and a distribution system (DS) connecting a plurality of access points (AP-1, AP-2).
- a station is an arbitrary device that includes a medium access control (MAC) conforming to the provisions of the IEEE 802.11 standard and a physical layer interface for a wireless medium, and in a broad sense is a non-access point ( It includes both access points (APs) as well as non-AP stations.
- MAC medium access control
- 'terminal' may refer to a non-AP STA or an AP, or may be used as a term indicating both.
- a station for wireless communication includes a processor and a communication unit, and may further include a user interface unit and a display unit according to embodiments.
- the processor may generate a frame to be transmitted through the wireless network or process a frame received through the wireless network, and may perform various other processes for controlling the station.
- the communication unit is functionally connected to the processor and transmits/receives a frame for a station through a wireless network.
- a terminal may be used as a term including a user equipment (UE).
- UE user equipment
- An access point is an entity that provides access to a distribution system (DS) via a wireless medium for stations associated with it. Although it is a principle that communication between non-AP stations in an infrastructure BSS is performed via an AP, direct communication is possible even between non-AP stations when a direct link is established. Meanwhile, in the present invention, an AP is used as a concept including a PCP (Personal BSS Coordination Point), and in a broad sense is a centralized controller, a base station (BS), a Node-B, a BTS (Base Transceiver System), or a site It may include all concepts such as a controller.
- PCP Personal BSS Coordination Point
- the AP may also be referred to as a base wireless communication terminal
- the base wireless communication terminal is a term that includes all of an AP, a base station, an eNodeB (eNB), and a transmission point (TP) in a broad sense.
- the base wireless communication terminal may include various types of wireless communication terminals that allocate communication medium resources and perform scheduling in communication with a plurality of wireless communication terminals.
- a plurality of infrastructure BSSs may be interconnected through a distribution system (DS).
- DS distribution system
- ESS Extended Service Set
- FIG. 2 illustrates an independent BSS that is a WLAN system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- redundant descriptions of parts identical to or corresponding to those of the embodiment of FIG. 1 will be omitted.
- BSS3 shown in FIG. 2 is an independent BSS and does not include an AP, all stations STA6 and STA7 are not connected to the AP.
- An independent BSS is not allowed access to the distribution system and forms a self-contained network.
- each of the stations STA6 and STA7 may be directly connected to each other.
- a station 100 may include a processor 110, a communication unit 120, a user interface unit 140, a display unit 150, and a memory 160.
- the communication unit 120 transmits and receives wireless signals such as wireless LAN packets, and may be built into the station 100 or provided externally.
- the communication unit 120 may include at least one communication module using different frequency bands.
- the communication unit 120 may include communication modules of different frequency bands such as 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz, and 60 GHz.
- the station 100 may include a communication module using a frequency band of 7.125 GHz or higher and a communication module using a frequency band of 7.125 GHz or lower.
- Each communication module may perform wireless communication with an AP or an external station according to the wireless LAN standard of the frequency band supported by the corresponding communication module.
- the communication unit 120 may operate only one communication module at a time or simultaneously operate multiple communication modules according to the performance and requirements of the station 100 .
- each communication module may be provided in an independent form, or a plurality of modules may be integrated into a single chip.
- the communication unit 120 may represent an RF communication module that processes a radio frequency (RF) signal.
- RF radio frequency
- the user interface unit 140 includes various types of input/output means provided in the station 100 . That is, the user interface unit 140 may receive user input using various input means, and the processor 110 may control the station 100 based on the received user input. In addition, the user interface unit 140 may perform output based on the command of the processor 110 using various output means.
- the display unit 150 outputs an image on the display screen.
- the display unit 150 may output various display objects such as content executed by the processor 110 or a user interface based on a control command of the processor 110 .
- the memory 160 stores control programs used in the station 100 and various data corresponding thereto.
- Such a control program may include an access program necessary for the station 100 to access an AP or an external station.
- the processor 110 of the present invention may execute various commands or programs and process data inside the station 100 .
- the processor 110 may control each unit of the above-described station 100 and may control data transmission and reception between the units.
- the processor 110 may execute a program for accessing an AP stored in the memory 160 and receive a communication setting message transmitted by the AP.
- the processor 110 may read information about the priority condition of the station 100 included in the communication establishment message and request access to the AP based on the information about the priority condition of the station 100 .
- the processor 110 of the present invention may refer to the main control unit of the station 100, and may refer to a control unit for individually controlling some components of the station 100, such as the communication unit 120, according to embodiments.
- the processor 110 may be a modem or a modulator and/or demodulator for modulating and demodulating a radio signal transmitted and received from the communication unit 120 .
- the processor 110 controls various operations of transmitting and receiving radio signals of the station 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. A specific embodiment for this will be described later.
- the station 100 shown in FIG. 3 is a block diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the separately displayed blocks logically distinguish the elements of the device. Accordingly, the elements of the device described above may be mounted as one chip or as a plurality of chips according to the design of the device. For example, the processor 110 and the communication unit 120 may be integrated into one chip or implemented as a separate chip. Also, in the embodiment of the present invention, some components of the station 100, such as the user interface unit 140 and the display unit 150, may be selectively provided in the station 100.
- the AP 200 may include a processor 210, a communication unit 220, and a memory 260.
- the AP 200 in FIG. 4 redundant descriptions of components identical to or corresponding to those of the station 100 in FIG. 3 will be omitted.
- the AP 200 includes a communication unit 220 for operating a BSS in at least one frequency band.
- the communication unit 220 of the AP 200 may also include a plurality of communication modules using different frequency bands. That is, the AP 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention may include two or more communication modules among different frequency bands, for example, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz, and 60 GHz.
- the AP 200 may include a communication module using a frequency band of 7.125 GHz or higher and a communication module using a frequency band of 7.125 GHz or lower.
- Each communication module may perform wireless communication with a station according to a wireless LAN standard of a frequency band supported by the corresponding communication module.
- the communication unit 220 may operate only one communication module at a time or simultaneously operate multiple communication modules according to the performance and requirements of the AP 200 .
- the communication unit 220 may represent an RF communication module that processes a Radio Frequency (RF) signal.
- RF Radio Frequency
- the memory 260 stores a control program used in the AP 200 and various data corresponding thereto.
- a control program may include an access program that manages access of stations.
- the processor 210 may control each unit of the AP 200 and control data transmission and reception between the units.
- the processor 210 may execute a program for connection with a station stored in the memory 260 and transmit a communication setting message for one or more stations.
- the communication setting message may include information about priority conditions for connection of each station.
- the processor 210 performs connection setup according to the connection request of the station.
- the processor 210 may be a modem or a modulator and/or demodulator for modulating and demodulating a radio signal transmitted and received from the communication unit 220 .
- the processor 210 controls various operations of transmitting and receiving radio signals of the AP 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention. A specific embodiment for this will be described later.
- FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a process in which a station establishes a link with an access point.
- the scanning step is a step in which the STA 100 acquires access information of the BSS operated by the AP 200.
- a passive scanning method in which information is obtained by utilizing only a beacon message (S101) transmitted periodically by the AP 200, and a probe request by the STA 100 to the AP
- an active scanning method for obtaining access information by transmitting a probe request (S103) and receiving a probe response from an AP (S105).
- the STA 100 that has successfully received the radio access information in the scanning step transmits an authentication request (S107a), receives an authentication response from the AP 200 (S107b), and performs the authentication step do.
- the STA 100 transmits an association request (S109a), receives an association response from the AP 200 (S109b), and performs the association step.
- association basically means wireless association, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and association in a broad sense may include both wireless association and wired association.
- the authentication server 300 is a server that processes the STA 100 and 802.1X-based authentication, and may exist physically coupled to the AP 200 or may exist as a separate server.
- CSMA carrier sense multiple access
- CA collision avoidance
- a terminal performing wireless LAN communication checks whether a channel is busy by performing carrier sensing before transmitting data. If a radio signal of a certain strength or higher is detected, the corresponding channel is determined to be busy, and the terminal delays access to the corresponding channel. This process is called clear channel assessment (CCA), and a level for determining whether or not a corresponding signal is detected is called a CCA threshold. If a radio signal of a CCA threshold or higher received by a terminal makes the corresponding terminal a receiver, the terminal processes the received radio signal. Meanwhile, when no radio signal is detected in the corresponding channel or a radio signal having an intensity less than the CCA threshold is detected, the channel is determined to be in an idle state.
- CCA clear channel assessment
- each terminal with data to be transmitted performs a backoff procedure after a time such as IFS (Inter Frame Space), such as AIFS (Arbitration IFS) or PIFS (PCF IFS) according to the situation of each terminal. do.
- IFS Inter Frame Space
- AIFS Aribitration IFS
- PCF IFS PIFS
- the AIFS may be used as a configuration that replaces the existing DIFS (DCF IFS).
- DCF IFS DIFS
- Each terminal waits while decreasing the slot time as much as the random number determined for the corresponding terminal during the interval of the idle state of the channel, and the terminal that exhausts the slot time attempts access to the corresponding channel. do. In this way, a period in which each terminal performs a backoff procedure is referred to as a contention window period.
- the random number may be referred to as a backoff counter. That is, the initial value of the backoff counter is set by an integer that is a random number obtained by the terminal.
- the terminal may decrease the backoff counter by 1. Also, when the backoff counter reaches 0, the terminal may be allowed to perform channel access on the corresponding channel. Therefore, when the channel is idle during the AIFS time and the slot time of the backoff counter, transmission of the terminal may be allowed.
- a specific terminal successfully accesses the channel, the corresponding terminal can transmit data through the channel.
- each collided terminal receives a new random number and performs a backoff procedure again.
- a random number newly allocated to each terminal may be determined within a range (2*CW) twice the range (contention window, CW) of a random number previously allocated to the corresponding terminal.
- each terminal attempts access by performing the backoff procedure again in the next contention window period, and at this time, each terminal performs the backoff procedure from the remaining slot time in the previous contention window period. In this way, each terminal performing wireless LAN communication can avoid collision with each other on a specific channel.
- FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a PPDU (Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit) format for each standard generation. More specifically, FIG. 7(a) illustrates an embodiment of a legacy PPDU format based on 802.11a/g, FIG. 7(b) illustrates an embodiment of an HE PPDU format based on 802.11ax, and FIG. 7(c) illustrates an embodiment of a HE PPDU format based on 802.11ax. Illustrates an embodiment of a non-legacy PPDU (ie, EHT PPDU) format based on 802.11be. In addition, FIG. 7(d) shows detailed field configurations of L-SIG and RL-SIG commonly used in the PPDU formats.
- PPDU Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit
- the preamble of the legacy PPDU includes a legacy short training field (L-STF), a legacy long training field (L-LTF), and a legacy signal field (L-SIG).
- L-STF legacy short training field
- L-LTF legacy long training field
- L-SIG legacy signal field
- the L-STF, L-LTF and L-SIG may be referred to as a legacy preamble.
- the preamble of the HE PPDU includes a repeated legacy short training field (RL-SIG), a high efficiency signal A field (HE-SIG-A), and a high efficiency signal (HE-SIG-B) in the legacy preamble.
- B field HE-STF (High Efficiency Short Training field), and HE-LTF (High Efficiency Long Training field) are additionally included.
- the RL-SIG, HE-SIG-A, HE-SIG-B, HE-STF, and HE-LTF may be referred to as HE preambles.
- a specific configuration of the HE preamble may be modified according to the HE PPDU format. For example, HE-SIG-B can be used only in the HE MU PPDU format.
- the preamble of the EHT PPDU includes a repeated legacy short training field (RL-SIG), a universal signal field (U-SIG), and an extremely high throughput signal A field (EHT-SIG-A) in the legacy preamble.
- EHT-SIG-A Extremely High Throughput Signal B field
- EHT-STF Extremely High Throughput Short Training field
- EHT-LTF Extra High Throughput Long Training field
- the RL-SIG, EHT-SIG-A, EHT-SIG-B, EHT-STF, and EHT-LTF may be referred to as EHT preambles.
- a specific configuration of the non-legacy preamble may be modified according to the EHT PPDU format. For example, EHT-SIG-A and EHT-SIG-B may be used only in some of the EHT PPDU formats.
- L-SIG includes an L_RATE field and an L_LENGTH field.
- the L_RATE field consists of 4 bits and indicates the MCS used for data transmission.
- the L_RATE field is a combination of modulation schemes such as BPSK/QPSK/16-QAM/64-QAM and inefficiencies such as 1/2, 2/3, and 3/4. It represents one of the transmission rates of 36/48/54 Mbps.
- Combining the information of the L_RATE field and the L_LENGTH field can indicate the total length of the corresponding PPDU.
- the L_RATE field is set to the minimum rate of 6 Mbps.
- the unit of the L_LENGTH field is a byte, and a total of 12 bits are allocated to signal up to 4095, and the length of the corresponding PPDU can be indicated in combination with the L_RATE field.
- the legacy terminal and the non-legacy terminal may interpret the L_LENGTH field in different ways.
- a method for interpreting the length of a corresponding PPDU by a legacy terminal or a non-legacy terminal using the L_LENGTH field is as follows.
- 3 bytes ie, 24 bits
- 4us which is one symbol duration of 64FFT.
- the number of 64FFT reference symbols after L-SIG is obtained by adding 3 bytes corresponding to the SVC field and the Tail field to the value of the L_LENGTH field and dividing it by 3 bytes, which is the transmission amount of one symbol.
- the length of the PPDU that is, the reception time (RXTIME) is obtained by multiplying the number of obtained symbols by 4us, which is one symbol duration, and then adding 20us required for L-STF, L-LTF, and L-SIG transmission. If this is expressed as a formula, it is as shown in Equation 1 below.
- the length of the PPDU can be set up to 5.484 ms.
- a non-legacy terminal transmitting the corresponding PPDU must set the L_LENGTH field as shown in Equation 2 below.
- TXTIME is the total transmission time constituting the corresponding PPDU, as shown in Equation 3 below. At this time, TX represents the transmission time of X.
- the U-SIG Universal SIG
- EHT PPDUs and WLAN PPDUs of subsequent generations and serves to distinguish which generation PPDUs, including 11be, belong to.
- U-SIG is a 64FFT-based OFDM 2 symbol and can deliver a total of 52 bits of information. Among them, 43 bits, excluding 9 bits of CRC/Tail, are largely divided into a VI (Version Independent) field and a VD (Version Dependent) field.
- the VI bit maintains the current bit configuration in the future, so even if a PPDU of a subsequent generation is defined, the current 11be terminals can obtain information about the PPDU through the VI fields of the PPDU.
- the VI field consists of PHY version, UL/DL, BSS Color, TXOP, and Reserved fields.
- the PHY version field is 3 bits and serves to sequentially classify 11be and subsequent generation wireless LAN standards into versions. In the case of 11be, it has a value of 000b.
- the UL/DL field identifies whether the corresponding PPDU is an uplink/downlink PPDU.
- BSS Color means an identifier for each BSS defined in 11ax and has a value of 6 bits or more.
- TXOP means the Transmit Opportunity Duration that was delivered in the MAC header. By adding it to the PHY header, the length of the TXOP containing the PPDU can be inferred without the need to decode the MPDU and has a value of 7 bits or more.
- the VD field is signaling information useful only for the PPDU of the 11be version, and may consist of fields commonly used in any PPDU format, such as PPDU format and BW, and fields differently defined for each PPDU format.
- the PPDU format is a separator that distinguishes EHT SU (Single User), EHT MU (Multiple User), EHT TB (Trigger-based), and EHT ER (Extended Range) PPDU.
- the BW field consists of five basic PPDU BW options of 20, 40, 80, 160 (80 + 80), and 320 (160 + 160) MHz (the BW that can be expressed in the exponential form of 20 * 2 can be called the basic BW.
- the punctured and modified channel shape may be signaled directly in the BW field or signaled using the BW field and a field appearing after the BW field (eg, a field in the EHT-SIG field) together. If the BW field is 3 bits, a total of 8 BWs can be signaled, so only 3 can be signaled in the puncturing mode. If the BW field is set to 4 bits, since a total of 16 BW signaling is possible, a maximum of 11 BWs can be signaled in the puncturing mode.
- the field located after the BW field depends on the type and format of the PPDU, and the MU PPDU and SU PPDU can be signaled in the same PPDU format.
- a field for distinguishing the MU PPDU and SU PPDU is located before the EHT-SIG field. It can be done, and additional signaling for this can be performed.
- Both the SU PPDU and the MU PPDU include the EHT-SIG field, but some fields not required in the SU PPDU may be compressed. In this case, the information of the compressed field may be omitted or may have a size reduced from the size of the original field included in the MU PPDU. For example, in the case of the SU PPDU, a common field of the EHT-SIG may be omitted or replaced, or a user specific field may be replaced or reduced to one.
- the SU PPDU may further include a compression field indicating whether to compress or not, and some fields (eg, an RA field) may be omitted depending on the value of the compression field.
- a compression field indicating whether to compress or not
- some fields eg, an RA field
- the EHT-SIG field of the SU PPDU When part of the EHT-SIG field of the SU PPDU is compressed, information to be included in the compressed field may be signaled together in an uncompressed field (eg, common field, etc.).
- the EHT-SIG field since it is a PPDU format for simultaneous reception by multiple users, the EHT-SIG field must necessarily be transmitted after the U-SIG field, and the amount of signaled information can be variable. That is, since a plurality of MU PPDUs are transmitted to a plurality of STAs, each STA must recognize the location of the RU to which the MU PPDU is transmitted, the STA to which each RU is assigned, and whether the transmitted MU PPDU has been transmitted to itself.
- the AP must include the above information in the EHT-SIG field and transmit it.
- the U-SIG field signals information for efficiently transmitting the EHT-SIG field, which may be the number of symbols of the EHT-SIG field and/or MCS, which is a modulation method.
- the EHT-SIG field may include size and location information of an RU allocated to each user.
- the AP may include and transmit information on punctured RUs among RUs allocated to the STA in the SU PPDU (eg, a puncturing pattern of the RUs). That is, in the case of the SU PPDU, the puncturing mode field including information indicating whether the puncturing mode is applied and the puncturing pattern in a bitmap format may be included in the EHT-SIG field. The shape of the discontinuous channel may be signaled.
- the type of the signaled discontinuous channel is limited, and indicates the BW of the SU PPDU and information about the discontinuous channel in combination with the value of the BW field.
- the STA can recognize the bandwidth allocated to it through the BW field included in the PPDU, and the U-SIG field or EHT-SIG field included in the PPDU A punctured resource among allocated bandwidths can be recognized through the puncturing mode field of .
- the terminal can receive the PPDU in the remaining resource units except for the specific channel of the punctured resource unit.
- the plurality of RUs allocated to the STA may be configured in different frequency bands or tones.
- the reason why only a limited type of discontinuous channel type is signaled is to reduce the signaling overhead of the SU PPDU. Since puncturing can be performed for each 20 MHz subchannel, if puncturing is performed on a BW that has multiple 20 MHz subchannels, such as 80, 160, and 320 MHz, in the case of 320 MHz, the remaining 20 MHz subchannels except for the primary channel
- the type of discontinuous channel (when only the edge 20 MHz is punctured is regarded as discontinuous) must be signaled by expressing whether or not 15 are used. As such, allocating 15 bits to signal the discontinuous channel type of single user transmission may act as an excessively large signaling overhead considering the low transmission rate of the signaling part.
- the present invention proposes a method for signaling the form of a discontinuous channel of an SU PPDU, and shows the form of the form of a form of a form of a non-contiguous channel determined according to the proposed method.
- a method for signaling each of the primary 160 MHz and secondary 160 MHz puncturing types in the 320 MHz BW configuration of the SU PPDU, we propose a method for signaling each of the primary 160 MHz and secondary 160 MHz puncturing types.
- an embodiment of the present invention proposes a technique of changing the configuration of PPDUs indicated by preamble puncturing BW values according to the PPDU format signaled in the PPDU Format field.
- the length of the BW field is 4 bits
- 1 symbol of EHT-SIG-A is additionally signaled after U-SIG or EHT-SIG-A is not signaled at all. Therefore, in consideration of this, it is necessary to signal up to 11 puncturing modes completely through only the BW field of the U-SIG.
- EHT MU PPDU since the EHT-SIG-B is additionally signaled after the U-SIG, up to 11 puncturing modes can be signaled in a different way from the SU PPDU.
- EHT ER PPDU it is possible to signal whether the PPDU uses the 20 MHz or 10 MHz band by setting the BW field to 1 bit.
- SIG-B which is a signaling field for simultaneous reception by multiple users, is essential, and SIG-B can be transmitted without a separate SIG-A after U-SIG.
- U-SIG needs to signal information for decoding SIG-B.
- EHT Extremely High Throughput
- PPDU Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit
- a PPDU may consist of a preamble and a data part, and the format of one type of EHT PPDU may be distinguished according to the U-SIG field included in the preamble. Specifically, whether the format of the PPDU is the EHT PPDU may be indicated based on the PPDU format field included in the U-SIG field.
- the EHT SU PPDU is a PPDU used for single user (SU) transmission between an AP and a single STA, and an EHT-SIG-A field for additional signaling may be located after the U-SIG field.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of an EHT Trigger-based PPDU format, which is an EHT PPDU transmitted based on a trigger frame.
- the EHT trigger-based PPDU is an EHT PPDU transmitted based on a trigger frame and is an uplink PPDU used for a response to the trigger frame.
- the EHT-SIG-A field is not located after the U-SIG field.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of an EHT MU PPDU format that is an EHT PPDU for multiple users.
- the EHT MU PPDU is a PPDU used to transmit a PPDU to one or more STAs.
- the HE-SIG-B field may be located after the U-SIG field.
- EHT ER SU PPDU shows an example of an EHT ER SU PPDU format used for single user transmission with an STA in an extended range.
- the EHT ER SU PPDU can be used for single-user transmission with STAs in a wider range than the EHT SU PPDU described in (a) of FIG. 8, and the U-SIG field can be repeatedly located on the time axis.
- the EHT MU PPDU described in (c) of FIG. 8 can be used by an AP for downlink transmission to a plurality of STAs.
- the EHT MU PPDU may include scheduling information so that a plurality of STAs can simultaneously receive the PPDU transmitted from the AP.
- the EHT MU PPDU may deliver AID information of a receiver and/or sender of the PPDU transmitted through a user specific field of the EHT-SIG-B to the STA. Accordingly, a plurality of terminals receiving the EHT MU PPDU may perform a spatial reuse operation based on the AID information of the user specific field included in the preamble of the received PPDU.
- the resource unit allocation (RA) field of the HE-SIG-B field included in the HE MU PPDU is a configuration of resource units in a specific bandwidth (eg, 20 MHz, etc.) of the frequency axis (eg, , a division type of a resource unit) may be included. That is, the RA field may indicate the configuration of resource units divided in the bandwidth for transmission of the HE MU PPDU in order for the STA to receive the PPDU.
- Information on the STA allocated (or designated) to each divided resource unit may be included in a user specific field of the EHT-SIG-B and transmitted to the STA. That is, the user specific field may include one or more user fields corresponding to each divided resource unit.
- a user field corresponding to at least one resource unit used for data transmission among a plurality of divided resource units may include an AID of a receiver or sender, and the remaining resource units not performed for data transmission ( s) may include a preset null STA ID.
- a frame or a MAC frame may be used interchangeably with an MPDU.
- the link is a physical path and may be composed of one radio medium that can be used to transmit a MAC service data unit (MSDU).
- MSDU MAC service data unit
- the wireless communication device can continue to perform communication through the other link. In this way, the wireless communication device can effectively use a plurality of channels.
- a wireless communication device simultaneously performs communication using a plurality of links, overall throughput can be increased.
- FIGS. 9 to 26 it is specified on the premise that one wireless communication device uses one link. Therefore, there is a need for a WLAN operating method for using a plurality of links.
- FIG. 9 shows a multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a multi-link device may refer to a device that has one or more affiliated stations.
- a multi-link device may represent a device having two or more affiliated stations.
- multi-link devices can exchange multi-link elements.
- the multi-link element includes information about one or more stations or one or more links.
- the multi-link element may include a multi-link setup element to be described later.
- the multi-link device may be a logical entity.
- a multi-link device may have a plurality of affiliated stations.
- a multi-link device may be referred to as a multi-link logical entity (MLLE) or a multi-link entity (MLE).
- MLE multi-link logical entity
- a multi-link device may have one MAC service access point (medium access control service access point, SAP) up to logical link control (LLC).
- SAP medium access control service access point
- LLC logical link control
- MLD may have one MAC data service.
- a plurality of stations included in a multi-link device may operate in a plurality of links. Also, a plurality of stations included in the multi-link device may operate in a plurality of channels. Specifically, a plurality of stations included in a multi-link device may operate in a plurality of different links or a plurality of channels different from each other. For example, a plurality of stations included in a multi-link device may operate in a plurality of different channels of 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz.
- the operation of the multi-link device may be referred to as multi-link operation, MLD operation, or multi-band operation.
- MLD operation multi-link operation
- AP MLD station associated with a far-link device
- non-AP MLD non-AP MLD
- the AP MLD includes a first AP (AP1), a second AP (AP2), and a third AP (AP3).
- the non-AP MLD includes a first non-AP STA (non-AP STA1), a second non-AP STA (non-AP STA2), and a third non-AP STA (non-AP STA3).
- a first AP (AP1) and a first non-AP STA (non-AP STA1) communicate through a first link (Link1).
- the second AP (AP2) and the second non-AP STA (non-AP STA2) communicate through a second link (Link2).
- a third AP (AP3) and a third non-AP STA (non-AP STA3) communicate through a third link (Link3).
- the multi-link operation may include a multi-link setup operation.
- Multi-link setup corresponds to the association operation of the single-link operation described above, and may have to be preceded for frame exchange in multi-link.
- the multi-link device can acquire information necessary for multi-link setup from the multi-link setup element.
- the multi-link setup element may include capability information related to multi-link.
- the capability information may include information indicating whether any one of a plurality of devices included in the multi-link device can perform transmission and another device can perform reception at the same time.
- the capability information may include information about a link that each station included in the MLD can use.
- the capability information may include information about a channel that each station included in the MLD can use.
- Multi-link configuration may be established through negotiation between peer stations. Specifically, multi-link configuration may be performed through communication between stations without communication with an AP. Also, multi-link configuration may be configured through any one link. For example, even when first to third links are configured through multiple links, multi-link configuration can be performed through the first link.
- mapping between a traffic identifier (TID) and a link may be established. Specifically, a frame corresponding to a TID of a specific value can be exchanged only through a pre-designated link. Mapping between TIDs and links may be set on a directional-based basis. For example, when a plurality of links are established between a first multi-link device and a second multi-link device, the first multi-link device is configured to transmit a frame of a first TID to a first link of a plurality of links, and the second multi-link device The device may be configured to transmit frames with a second TID on the first link.
- there may be default settings in the mapping between TID and link Specifically, if there is no additional setting in the multi-link configuration, the multi-link device may exchange frames corresponding to the TID in each link according to the default configuration. At this time, the basic setting may be that all TIDs are exchanged in any one link.
- TID is an ID that classifies traffic and data to support quality of service (QoS).
- QoS quality of service
- the TID may be used or allocated in a layer higher than the MAC layer.
- the TID may indicate a traffic category (TC) and a traffic stream (TS).
- TC traffic category
- TS traffic stream
- 16 TIDs can be distinguished.
- the TID may be designated as one of 0 to 15.
- a different TID value may be specified according to an access policy, a channel access method, or a medium access method. For example, when enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) or hybrid coordination function contention based channel access (HCAF) is used, values of TID from 0 to 7 may be allocated.
- EDCA enhanced distributed channel access
- HCAF hybrid coordination function contention based channel access
- UP user priority
- UP may be designated according to TC or TS.
- UP may be allocated in a higher layer than MAC.
- HCF controlled channel access (HCCA) or SPCA values of TID from 8 to 15 may be allocated.
- TID may indicate TSID.
- HEMM or SEMM when HEMM or SEMM is used, TID values may be assigned from 8 to 15.
- TID may indicate TSID.
- AC may be a label for providing QoS in EDCA.
- AC may be a label for indicating an EDCA parameter set.
- An EDCA parameter or EDCA parameter set is a parameter used in channel contention of EDCA.
- the QoS station can guarantee QoS using AC.
- AC may include AC_BK, AC_BE, AC_VI, and AC_VO.
- Each of AC_BK, AC_BE, AC_VI, and AC_VO may represent background, best effort, video, and voice.
- AC_BK, AC_BE, AC_VI, and AC_VO can be classified as lower ACs.
- AC_VI can be subdivided into AC_VI primary and AC_VI alternate.
- AC_VO can be subdivided into AC_VO primary and AC_VO alternate.
- UP or TID may be mapped to AC.
- each of 1, 2, 0, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of UP or TID may be mapped to each of AC_BK, AC_BK, AC_BE, AC_BE, AC_VI, AC_VI, AC_VO, and AC_VO.
- each of 1, 2, 0, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of the UP or TID may be mapped to AC_BK, AC_BK, AC_BE, AC_BE, AC_VI alternate, AC_VI primary, AC_VO primary, and AC_VO alternate, respectively.
- 1, 2, 0, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of UP or TID may be sequentially higher in priority.
- each of AC_BK, AC_BE, AC_VI, and AC_VO may correspond to ACI (AC index) 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Due to the characteristics of these TIDs, the mapping between TID and link may represent the mapping between AC and link. Also, the link-to-AC mapping may represent the TID-to-link mapping.
- a TID may be mapped to each of a plurality of links. Mapping may be designating a link through which traffic corresponding to a specific TID or AC can be exchanged. In addition, a TID or AC that can be transmitted for each transmission direction within a link may be designated.
- a default setting may exist in the mapping between TID and link. Specifically, if there is no additional setting in the multi-link configuration, the multi-link device may exchange frames corresponding to the TID in each link according to the default configuration. At this time, the basic setting may be that all TIDs are exchanged in any one link. At any point in time, any TID or AC may be mapped with at least one link. Management frames and control frames can be transmitted on any link.
- a link When a link is mapped to a TID or AC, only data frames corresponding to the TID or AC mapped to the link can be transmitted on the corresponding link. Accordingly, when a link is mapped to a TID or AC, frames that do not correspond to the TID or AC that are not mapped to the link cannot be transmitted.
- an ACK may also be transmitted based on the link to which the TID or AC is mapped. For example, a block ACK agreement may be determined based on a mapping between a TID and a link. In another specific embodiment, mapping between TID and link may be determined based on a block ACK agreement. Specifically, a block ACK agreement may be established for a TID mapped to a specific link.
- TID and link QoS can be guaranteed. Specifically, an AC or TID having a high priority may be mapped to a link in which a relatively small number of stations operate or a channel condition is good. In addition, through the above-described mapping between the TID and the link, the station can be kept in a power saving state for a longer period of time.
- simultaneous operation in multi-link may not be supported. For example, it may not be supported for a multi-link device to simultaneously perform transmission on multiple links, simultaneously perform reception on multiple links, or perform transmission on one link and simultaneously perform reception on another link. This is because reception or transmission performed on one link may affect reception or transmission performed on another link. Specifically, transmission in one link may act as interference in another link. Interference acting on another link from one link of one multi-link device may be referred to as internal leakage. The smaller the frequency spacing between links, the greater the internal leakage can be. If the internal leakage is not too great, when transmission is performed on one link, transmission may be performed on the other link.
- STR simultaneous transmit and receive, simultaneous transmission and reception
- STR may be referred to as a multi-link device performing operations simultaneously on a plurality of links.
- STR means that a multi-link device simultaneously transmits on a plurality of links, transmits on one link and simultaneously performs reception on another link, or simultaneously performs reception on a plurality of links.
- the multi-link device may support STR or may only support it limitedly. Specifically, the multi-link device may support STR only under specific conditions. For example, when a multi-link device operates with a single radio, the multi-link device may not be able to perform STR. Also, when the multi-link device operates with a single antenna, STR of the multi-link device may not be performed. In addition, when internal leakage is detected to a predetermined size or more, the multi-link device may not be able to perform STR.
- a station may exchange information about the station's STR capabilities with other stations. Specifically, the station may exchange with other stations information on whether or not the station's ability to simultaneously perform transmission on a plurality of links or simultaneously perform reception on a plurality of links is limited. Specifically, the information on whether the ability to perform transmission or reception in a plurality of links is limited may indicate whether transmission or reception can be simultaneously performed in a plurality of links, simultaneous transmission, or simultaneous reception. Also, information on whether or not the ability to perform transmission or reception in a plurality of links is limited may be information indicated for each step. Specifically, the information on whether or not the ability to perform transmission or reception in a plurality of links is limited may be information indicating a step indicating the size of internal leakage.
- the information indicating the level of internal leakage may be information indicating the level of interference caused by internal leakage. In another specific embodiment, it may be information indicating a step indicating a frequency interval between links that may have internal leakage effects. Also, the information indicating the level of internal leakage may be information indicating the relationship between the frequency interval between links and the level of internal leakage in each phase.
- the first station STA1 and the second station STA2 are affiliated with one non-AP multi-link device.
- the first AP (AP1) and the second AP (AP2) may be associated with one non-AP multi-link device.
- a first link (link 1) is established between the first AP (AP1) and the first station (STA1)
- a second link (link 2) is established between the second AP (AP2) and the second station (STA2). do.
- the non-AP multi-link device may perform STR in a limited manner.
- the second station (STA2) transmits on the second link (Link 2)
- the reception of the first station (STA1) on the first link (Link 1) is the transmission performed on the second link (Link 2).
- reception of the first station STA1 on the first link (Link 1) may be interrupted by transmission performed on the second link (Link 2).
- the second station (STA2) transmits the first data (Data1)
- the first AP (AP1) sends a response (Ack for Data1) to the first data (Data1) to the first station. (STA1).
- the second station STA2 transmits the second data Data2 on the second link Link2.
- the transmission time of the second data Data2 and the transmission time of the response (Ack for Data1) to the first data Data1 may overlap.
- interference may occur in the first link Link1 due to transmission from the second link Link2 to the second station STA2. Therefore, the first station STA1 may not receive the response Ack for Data1 to the first data Data1.
- Multi-link operation without detailed description may follow the channel access procedure described with reference to FIG. 6 .
- a multi-link device may independently perform channel access in a plurality of links.
- the channel access may be backoff-based channel access.
- the multi-link device may simultaneously start transmission on the plurality of links.
- the multi-link device has a back-off counter reaching 0 as well as a link in which the back-off counter reaches 0.
- Channel access can be performed on other links that are not Specifically, when any one of the backoff counters of a link of the multi-link reaches 0, the multi-link device may perform energy detection on another link whose backoff counter does not reach 0. In this case, when energy equal to or greater than a predetermined level is not sensed, the multi-link device may perform channel access not only in a link whose backoff counter reaches 0, but also in a link in which energy detection is performed. Through this, the multi-link device can simultaneously start transmission on a plurality of links. The size of the threshold used for energy detection may be smaller than the size of the threshold used when determining whether to decrease the backoff counter.
- the multi-link device when determining whether to decrease the backoff counter, can detect any type of signal as well as a WLAN signal. In addition, in the energy detection described above, the multi-link device can detect any type of signal as well as a WLAN signal. Internal leakage may not be detected as a WLAN signal. In this case, the multi-link device may sense a signal detected due to internal leakage as energy detection. Also, as described above, the size of the threshold value used for energy detection may be smaller than the size of the threshold value used when determining whether to decrease the backoff counter. Therefore, even when transmission is being performed in one link, the multi-link device can decrease the backoff counter in the other link.
- the degree of interference between links may be the size of interference detected by another station of the multi-link device when any one station of the multi-link device transmits on any one link.
- the degree of interference between links may be the size of interference detected by another station of the multi-link device when any one station of the multi-link device transmits on any one link.
- the operation of the second station may be limited. Specifically, reception or channel access of the second station may be restricted. This is because when interference occurs, the second station may fail to decode a received signal due to the interference. Also, when interference occurs, the second station can determine that the channel is in use when the second station accesses the channel using the backoff.
- the first station and the second station can operate independently. Specifically, when transmission on the first link of the first station of the multi-link device causes interference less than a predetermined size to the second station of the multi-link device operating on the second link, the first station and the second station Channel access can be performed independently. In addition, when transmission in the first link of the first station of the multi-link device causes interference less than a predetermined size to the second station of the multi-link device operating in the second link, the first station and the second station It can transmit or receive independently.
- the second station can successfully decode the received signal even when interference exists. Also, this is because when the second station accesses a channel using a backoff when interference of less than a predetermined level occurs, the second station may determine that the channel is idle.
- the degree of interference between stations of the multi-link device may vary depending on hardware characteristics of the multi-link device as well as intervals between frequency bands of links in which the stations operate. For example, internal interference generated in a multi-link device including a high-priced radio frequency (RF) device may be smaller than internal interference generated in a multi-link device including a low-cost RF device. Accordingly, the degree of interference between stations of the multi-link device may be determined based on the characteristics of the multi-link device.
- RF radio frequency
- the first multi-link device MLD#1 includes a first station STA1-1 operating on a first link Link1 and a second station STA1-1 operating on a second link Link2. 2) include.
- the second multi-link device MLD#2 includes a first station STA2-1 operating on a first link Link1 and a second station STA2-2 operating on a second link Link2.
- the frequency interval between the first link Link1 and the second link Link2 in which the first multi-link device MLD#1 operates and the first link Link1 in which the second multi-link device MLD#2 operates and the frequency interval between the second link (Link2) is the same.
- the size of the interference generated due to the difference between the characteristics of the first multi-link device (MLD#1) and the characteristics of the second multi-link device (MLD#2) is different.
- the magnitude of interference generated in the second multi-link device MLD#2 may be greater than the magnitude of interference generated in the first multi-link device MLD#1.
- the magnitude of interference may vary depending on the characteristics of the multi-link device and that STR support may vary for each multi-link device, information on whether or not STR is supported needs to be exchanged.
- the multi-link device may signal whether a station included in the multi-link device supports STR.
- the AP multi-link device and the non-AP multi-link device may exchange whether or not the AP included in the AP multi-link device supports STR and whether the STA included in the non-AP multi-link device supports STR.
- an element indicating whether STR is supported may be used.
- An element indicating whether STR is supported may be referred to as an STR support element.
- the STR support element may indicate whether or not the station of the multi-link device that has transmitted the STR support element supports STR through 1 bit.
- the STR support element may indicate whether or not each station including the multi-link device transmitting the STR support element supports the STR by 1 bit.
- the bit value when the station supports STR, the bit value may be 1, and when the station does not support STR, the bit value may be 0.
- the multi-link device that transmits the STR support element includes a first station (STA1), a second station (STA2), and a third station (STA3), and the first station (STA1) and the third station (STA3) transmit the STR. If it is supported and the second station (STA2) does not support STR, the STR support element may include a field having 101 1b . Stations operating in different frequency bands are assumed to support STR, and the STR support element may omit signaling of whether or not STR is supported between stations operating in different frequency bands.
- the first station STA1 operates on a first link of 2.4 GHz
- the second station STA2 and the third station STA3 operate on a second link and a third link of 5 GHz, respectively.
- the STR support element may indicate that STR is supported between the second station STA2 and the third station STA3 using 1 bit.
- the STR support element may include only 1 bit when there are two stations signaled by the STR support element.
- a relationship between a link located at 2.4 GHz and a link located at 5 GHz or 6 GHz among links of a multi-link device may always be determined as STR. Accordingly, signaling may be omitted regarding whether or not the STR of a link located at 2.4 GHz and a link located at 5 GHz or 6 GHz is omitted.
- the operation of the AP may be replaced by the operation of the non-AP station, and the operation of the non-AP station may be replaced by the operation of the AP. Therefore, the operation of the AP of the non-STR multi-link device is replaced by the operation of the non-AP station of the non-STR multi-link device, and the operation of the non-AP station of the STR multi-link device is replaced by the operation of the AP of the STR multi-link device. can be substituted.
- the operation of the non-AP station of the non-STR multi-link device is replaced by the operation of the AP of the non-STR multi-link device
- the operation of the AP of the STR multi-link device is the operation of the non-AP station of the STR multi-link device.
- FIG 11 shows the operation of a multi-link device when a link is changed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the STR support element may be exchanged. As described above, this is because whether a station supports STR may vary according to a distance between frequency bands of a link, and when a frequency band of a link changes, whether a station supports STR may change.
- the case where the frequency band of the link is changed may include at least one of a change in the center frequency of the link, a change in the bandwidth of the frequency band, and a 20 MHz primary channel.
- APs and stations may exchange STR support elements through requests and responses.
- STR support elements may be exchanged without a separate request.
- an operating channel of a station may be changed.
- the station of the non-AP multi-link device may request a link change from the AP.
- a station of a non-AP multi-link device may request a change of at least one of a center frequency change, a bandwidth change of a frequency band, and a 20 MHz primary channel.
- the link change request may be transmitted to the AP through the link requesting the change.
- the link change request may be transmitted to the AP through a link that does not request a change.
- the link change request may include information indicating a link requesting a change.
- Information indicating a link may be a number identifying the link.
- link change may be a change of an operating channel within one frequency band.
- the link change may include information on how to change the link.
- the link change request may indicate whether to move the center frequency of the link to a frequency higher than the current center frequency or to move the center frequency of the link to a frequency lower than the current center frequency.
- the link change request may implicitly indicate a change to a frequency band distant from an adjacent link.
- the link change request may indicate reducing the bandwidth of the link.
- the link change request may request a change of the location of the main channel.
- the link change request may represent changing the location of the main channel to a channel of a lower frequency band or a channel of a higher frequency band than the location of the current main channel.
- the AP may change the link according to the link change request. Also, in a specific embodiment, the AP receiving the link change request may ignore the link change request.
- the second station (STA2) and the third station (STA3) of the non-AP multi-link device do not support STR.
- the non-AP multi-link device requests the AP multi-link device to change the third link (Link3).
- the AP multi-link device changes the operating link of the third AP (AP3).
- the third station (STA3) operating on the third link (link3) to be changed may transmit a change request to the third AP (AP3).
- a station that does not operate on the third link (link3) may transmit a change request to an AP that does not operate on the third link (link3).
- the AP may broadcast information about the link change through a beacon frame.
- the link change information may include information about the frequency of the link.
- the information about the frequency of the link may include at least one of a center frequency of the link, an operating bandwidth, and a change in a primary channel.
- the link change information may include information about a link change time point.
- the link change may be completed when a beacon including information about the link change is transmitted.
- the link on which the third station STA3 operates is changed so that the third station STA3 and the second station STA2 can support STR.
- the non-AP multi-link device may signal whether or not the changed STR is supported by transmitting an STR support element to the AP multi-link device.
- STR may not be allowed or STR may not be supported even through link change.
- AP multi-link devices support STR, but non-AP multi-link devices may not support STR. This is because it may be common that a relatively expensive device is used for an AP multi-link device and a relatively inexpensive device is used for a non-AP multi-link device. Therefore, when communicating between multi-link devices, there is a need for a method for performing efficient communication even when one of the multi-link devices does not support STR. In this case, STR may indicate that transmission and reception are simultaneously performed. This will be described with reference to FIG. 12 .
- reception and transmission of the non-STR multi-link device may fail.
- channel access may be prohibited on another link of the non-STR multi-link device.
- backoff of channel access may be prohibited in another link of the non-STR multi-link device.
- channel access prohibition when reception starts on any one link of the non-STR multi-link device, backoff of channel access may be prohibited in another link of the non-STR multi-link device. It can be set through specific bits of memory such as the channel access prohibition flag. Whether or not channel access is prohibited may be shared through the internal memory of the multi-link device. Through this embodiment, channel access prohibition can be implemented without separate frame exchange.
- channel access prohibition used herein indicates prohibition of channel access or transmission to protect transmission or reception of a NON-STR multi-link device unless otherwise specified.
- channel access restriction on the second link due to reception performed on the first link may be released based on when reception on the first link is completed. Specifically, channel access restriction on the second link due to reception performed on the first link may be released when reception on the first link is completed.
- channel access restriction on the second link due to reception performed on the first link may be released based on a time point when an ACK is transmitted after reception is completed on the first link. Specifically, channel access restriction on the second link due to reception performed on the first link may be released at a time when an ACK is transmitted after reception is completed on the first link. In another specific embodiment, in a specific embodiment, channel access restriction in the second link due to reception performed in the first link may be released at the time when the ACK is transmitted after completion of reception in the first link. Also, immediately after channel access prohibition is lifted, the station can directly decrease the backoff counter without additional sensing. In this case, the additional sensing may indicate sensing performed during a DCF Interframe Space (DIFS).
- DIFS DCF Interframe Space
- the station when a channel is idle for a predetermined time right before channel access prohibition is lifted, the station may directly decrease the backoff counter without additional sensing.
- the predetermined time may be any one of PIFS (PCF Interframe Sapce), DIFS, SIFS (Short Interframe Sapce), and AIFS (Arbitration Interframe Space).
- the non-STR multi-link device includes a first station STA1 operating on a first link Link1 and a second station STA2 operating on a second link Link2.
- the second station STA2 transmits on the second link Link2 while the first station STA1 performs reception, interference occurs within the device.
- channel access of the second station STA2 performed on the second link Link2 is prohibited while the first station STA1 operating on the first link Link1 performs reception.
- the channel access prohibition is released.
- the second station STA2 may decrease the previous backoff counter value by 1 from 3 to 2 without additional sensing.
- the drawing utilized in FIG. 12 utilizes a single block (Tx solid line, Rx dotted line) when expressing Rx and Tx, and even if the single block does not show a separate Ack block, Tx / Ack reception, It can be understood as expressing an operation including Rx / Ack transmission. This may be equally applied to the drawings to be described later.
- the station may stop receiving the PPDU. In this case, the channel access prohibition release operation of the multi-link device becomes a problem.
- the intended receiver is used as the same meaning as the destination station.
- FIG. 13 shows an operation of canceling channel access prohibition when a station of a non-STR multi-link device confirms that an intended recipient of a PPDU received is not a station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the station may release the channel access bar.
- the station may determine whether the station is an intended recipient of the PPDU based on information indicating the recipient address of the signaling field of the PPDU.
- the information indicating the recipient address of the signaling field of the PPDU may be the value of the STA-ID field of the EHT-SIG field described above.
- the station may determine whether the STA-ID field of the EHT-SIG field indicates the station.
- the station may determine whether the station is the intended recipient of the PPDU based on the value of the RA field of the MAC frame included in the PPDU.
- the station may determine whether the RA field of the MAC frame included in the PPDU indicates the station.
- the non-STR multi-link device includes a first station (STA1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second station (STA2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the first station STA1 receives the PPDU.
- the first station STA1 determines that the intended recipient of the received PPDU is not the first station STA1 and stops receiving the PPDU. At this time, the first station STA1 may release the channel access restriction of the second station STA2. Even if the channel access restriction of the second station STA2 is lifted, the channel access of the second station STA2 may be delayed according to the NAV set for the second station STA2.
- a station included in a non-STR multi-link device does not have a channel access opportunity compared to a station not included in the multi-link device or a station included in the STR multi-link device.
- a method for compensating for a channel access opportunity of a station included in a non-STR multi-link device may be required for fair competition with other stations. For example, immediately after releasing the channel access ban, when the station whose channel access ban is released decreases the backoff counter, it may be allowed to decrease the backoff counter by 2 or more. This will be described with reference to FIG. 14 .
- a station whose channel access ban is released may decrease the backoff counter by 2 or more right after the channel access ban is lifted. While the channel access of the station is prohibited, other stations perform a backoff procedure, so that channel access opportunities are equalized with other stations.
- a station for which channel access is prohibited may perform a channel access procedure for reducing CCA (CSMA) and a backoff counter while channel access is prohibited.
- the non-STR multi-link device includes a first station (STA1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second station (STA2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- STA1 first station
- STA2 second station
- FIG. 14 channel access of the second station STA2 is prohibited while the first station STA1 performs reception.
- the second station STA2 may perform a channel access procedure for reducing the CCA (CSMA) and backoff counter.
- FIG. 14(a) while channel access of the second station STA2 is prohibited, since the channel of the second link Link 2 is idle, the second station STA2 decreases the backoff counter.
- a station whose channel access is prohibited may delay transmission without starting transmission even if the backoff counter reaches zero while channel access is prohibited. At this time, the station may maintain the value of the backoff counter as 0. Also, even if the station delays transmission, the station can maintain the value of CW as it is. Therefore, it is differentiated from a station doubling the value of CW because the channel accessed by the station is busy. This is because the reason why transmission is delayed is not when it is determined that the channel is in use. While the channel access of the second station STA2 is prohibited in FIG. 14 (b), the second station STA2 may perform a channel access procedure for reducing the CCA (CSMA) and backoff counter.
- CSMA CCA
- the second station STA2 decreases the backoff counter. While channel access of the second station STA2 is prohibited, the backoff counter of the second station STA2 reaches zero. The second station STA2 delays transmission and starts transmission after the channel access prohibition is lifted.
- channel access prohibition may include prohibiting transmission to the second station when the first station of the non-STR multi-link device transmits.
- channel access prohibition may include prohibiting transmission of the second station when the first station of the non-STR multi-link device performs reception.
- 15 shows an operation in which a station performs transmission after canceling channel access prohibition according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- transmission may be performed on a first link among a plurality of links in which a non-STR multi-link device operates, and transmission may be prohibited on a second link.
- transmission in the first link is completed, transmission in the second link may start with RTS/CTS frame exchange.
- the non-STR multi-link device may start exchanging RTS/CTS frames on a second link.
- the station may start exchanging a request to send/clear to send (RTS/CTS) frame before starting the delayed transmission.
- a station whose transmission is delayed due to channel access prohibition transmits an RTS frame before starting delayed transmission.
- the station starts delayed transmission after receiving the CTS frame in response to the RTS frame.
- the station may transmit a frame including only a part of the delayed transmission.
- the station may transmit an untransmitted part of the delayed transmission. If the station does not receive a response to a frame containing only part of the delayed transmission, the station may not transmit the untransmitted part of the delayed transmission. In this way, the reason why the station starts the RTS/CTS exchange after releasing the channel access ban or transmits only part of the delayed transmission is that the collision probability of the transmission after the channel access ban may be higher than that of normal transmission.
- the above-described embodiments may be mandatory applied to transmissions performed after channel access prohibition is lifted.
- the RTS/CTS frame was used to solve a hidden node problem and could be used based on the size of transmission data.
- the RTS/CTS frame is for preventing transmission collision with a station attempting to perform delayed transmission in order to protect transmission or reception of a NON-STR multi-link device.
- the second station of the non-STR multi-link device may always determine the channel state of the link in which the second station operates as busy. there is. Accordingly, the second station may determine that the channel is in use due to interference within the device even when the channel of the link in which the second station operates is idle.
- the other station of the non-STR multi-link device is referred to as a blind state. do. It may be difficult for a station in a blind state to attempt transmission by performing a backoff procedure due to the circumstances described above. In addition, it may be difficult for a station in a blind state to start receiving or to successfully decode a PPDU due to the above-described circumstances. Therefore, a transmission method considering a station in a blind state is required. This will be described with reference to FIG. 16 .
- 16 shows transmission performed based on the state of a station in a non-STR multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a station intending to perform transmission to a station of a non-STR multi-link device may determine whether or not to perform transmission according to whether the station of the non-STR multi-link device is in a blind state.
- a station that intends to transmit to a station of a non-STR multi-link device may be a station included in the STR multi-link device.
- a station that intends to transmit to a station of a non-STR multi-link device is an AP included in the AP multi-link device, and the non-STR multi-link device may be a non-AP multi-link device.
- a station intending to perform transmission to a station of a non-STR multi-link device may determine whether a station of a non-STR multi-link device is in a blind state as follows.
- a station intending to perform transmission may determine whether another station of a multi-link device including the station is performing transmission to a corresponding non-STR multi-link device.
- the station may determine that the station of the non-STR multi-link device to receive the transmission of the station is in a blind state. .
- the STR AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second AP (AP2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the non-STR non-AP multi-link device includes a first station (STA1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second station (STA2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the second station STA2 is transmitting to the second AP AP2.
- the second AP (AP2) can notify the first AP (AP1) that it is receiving from the second station (STA2).
- the second AP (AP2) may inform the first AP (AP1) that the second station (STA2) is the subject of transmission for the second AP (AP2).
- the second AP may inform the first AP (AP1) that the second station (STA2) is currently transmitting.
- the first AP (AP1) may determine that the first station (STA1) is in a blind state based on the notification.
- Stations in a multi-link device may operate through a common MAC. Accordingly, information exchange between the first AP (AP1) and the second AP (AP2) described above may not be explicitly performed.
- a station may not transmit to a station in a blind state. This is because there is a high possibility that a station in a blind state cannot start receiving even if transmission is performed to a station in a blind state or a station in a blind state cannot decode a PPDU. At this time, the station may cancel transmission to the blinded station and perform transmission to another station.
- the STR multi-link device may perform transmission to a non-STR multi-link device in a plurality of links. Specifically, when the STR multi-link device performs transmission to the non-STR multi-link device on the first link, the STR multi-link device may start transmission to the non-STR multi-link device on the second link. In this case, the STR multi-link device may determine the length of transmission performed in the second link based on the transmission for the non-STR multi-link device. Specifically, the STR multi-link device may determine the transmission length for the non-STR multi-link device in the second link based on the transmission length for the non-STR multi-link device in the first link.
- the STR multi-link device may simultaneously end transmission on the first link and transmission on the second link. This is because transmission to one of the stations of the non-STR multi-link device ends first, and one of the stations of the non-STR multi-link device transmits a response to the transmission, for example, an ACK, while the other station of the non-STR multi-link device This is to prevent transmission to the station from being performed.
- a plurality of stations of a non-STR multi-link device can simultaneously transmit responses to transmissions to a plurality of stations.
- the STR multi-link device cannot determine in real time the status of stations included in the non-STR multi-link device. Therefore, even if the STR multi-link device operates according to the embodiments described with reference to FIG. 16, interference or transmission collision may occur between links in which the non-STR multi-link device operates.
- the first AP (AP1) starts transmitting to the first station (STA1) before recognizing that the second station (STA2) is performing transmission to the second AP (AP2).
- the probability of occurrence of interference or collision between links may be greater than the probability of occurrence of interference or transmission collision within a link. This will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 17 .
- Transmission of the second station of the non-STR station multi-link device to the second AP of the STR AP multi-link device is the same as transmission of the first AP of the STR AP multi-link device to the first station of the non-STR station multi-link device Transmission collisions may occur between links if they are started simultaneously.
- Figure 17(a) shows this. As described above, this may occur because the STR multi-link device cannot determine in real time the status of stations included in the non-STR multi-link device.
- transmission of a second station of a non-STR station multi-link device to a second AP of an STR AP multi-link device is performed by a first AP of a STR AP multi-link device to a first station of a non-STR station multi-link device.
- Transmission collisions can occur between links even if they start earlier than the transmission.
- Figure 17(b) shows this. This is because it may take time for the second AP (AP2) to inform the first AP (AP1) that the second station (STA2) is performing transmission. Since transmission collisions occur even between stations that start transmission at different points in this way, the probability of occurrence of interference or transmission collision between stations may be greater than the probability of occurrence of intra-link interference or collision.
- the User field of the EHT-SIG of the EHT UL PPDU may indicate an identifier (STA-ID) of a station transmitting the EHT UL PPDU.
- STA-ID an identifier
- the User field of the EHT-SIG of the EHT PPDU may indicate the identifier of a station transmitting the EHT UL PPDU.
- a multi-link device receiving the EHT PPDU may identify a station transmitting the EHT PPDU based on the User field of the EHT-SIG of the EHT UL PPDU. Through this, the AP multi-link device can determine the station transmitting the EHT UL PPDU, and the AP multi-link device can determine the transmission destination device. Specifically, the AP multi-link device may determine whether transmission to be performed is highly likely to fail due to inter-link collision. In addition, if there is a high possibility that the transmission to be performed by the AP multi-link device will fail, the AP multi-link device may delay the transmission to be performed and perform another transmission.
- FIG. 18 shows an operation in which an STR multi-link device stops transmission to a non-STR multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the STR multi-link device determines that the station of the non-STR multi-link device is blind.
- transmission can be stopped.
- the STR multi-link device determines the non-STR multi-link device based on the value indicated by STA(AID)-ID in the signaling field of the received PPDU or the TA (transmitting address) field of the MAC frame included in the received PPDU. It can be determined whether the station is in a blind state.
- the STA-ID may be a value indicating a station transmitting the UL PPDU in the UL PPDU.
- the STR multi-link device is included in the non-STR multi-link device when the value indicated by the STA(AID)-ID in the signaling field of the received PPDU indicates the first station included in the non-STR multi-link device It may be determined that the second station is in a blind state.
- the STR multi-link device when the TA field of the MAC frame included in the received PPDU indicates the first station included in the non-STR multi-link device, the second station included in the non-STR multi-link device is in a blind state. can be judged.
- the STR multi-link device is the 2nd station included in the non-STR multi-link device. It may be determined that the station is in a blind state. In this way, the STR multi-link device may determine that another station of the non-STR multi-link device is in a blind state by confirming that any one station of the non-STR multi-link device performs transmission. The operation of the station after transmission cancellation is first described.
- a station that has canceled transmission to a station of a non-STR multi-link device may attempt transmission to a station different from the station of the non-STR multi-link device.
- a station that has canceled transmission to a station of the non-STR multi-link device may perform transmission to a station different from the station of the non-STR multi-link device without a separate backoff procedure.
- transmission to a station of a non-STR multi-link device is performed.
- the canceled station may transmit to a station different from the station of the non-STR multi-link device.
- the pre-designated time interval may be any one of SIFS, PDIF, and DIFS.
- a station that cancels transmission to a station of a non-STR multi-link device When a station that cancels transmission to a station of a non-STR multi-link device performs transmission to a station different from a station of a non-STR multi-link device, a station that cancels transmission to a station of a non-STR multi-link device may transmit traffic having the same priority as the traffic of the canceled transmission or traffic having a higher priority. This is because if traffic corresponding to a priority lower than the priority of traffic used when accessing a channel for canceled transmission is transmitted, fairness may not be met.
- the station of the STR multi-link device may be an AP.
- a station that has canceled transmission to a station of a non-STR multi-link device may initialize the set TXOP. Specifically, a station that has canceled transmission to a station of a non-STR multi-link device may transmit a CF-End frame after canceling transmission. Through this, another station operating on a link for which transmission is scheduled can use the link.
- the STR AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second AP (AP2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the non-STR non-AP multi-link device includes a first station (STA1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second station (STA2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the second station STA2 is transmitting to the second AP AP2.
- the first AP (AP1) determines that the first station (STA1) is in a blind state while performing transmission to the first station (STA1). Accordingly, the first AP (AP1) stops transmitting to the first station (STA1). After stopping transmission to the first station STA1 in FIG.
- the first AP AP1 performs transmission to stations other than the first station STA1 as in the previously described embodiment. After stopping the transmission to the first station STA1 in FIG. 18(b), the first AP (AP1) transmits the CF-END frame as in the later described embodiment.
- a station When a station stops transmitting, it may not transmit the next fragment after transmitting the fragment it was transmitting. In another specific embodiment, the station may immediately stop transmitting the packet being transmitted.
- an STR multi-link device stops transmission to a station of a non-STR multi-link device in a blind state and performs transmission to a station other than a station of a non-STR multi-link device in a blind state
- stable In order to receive, it is necessary to inform other stations that transmissions to other stations can be performed.
- a method for doing this is described.
- a station other than a station of a non-STR multi-link device in a blind state is referred to as another station.
- a station of the STR multi-link device may insert the address of another station into the MAC frame.
- the station of the STR multi-link device may insert the address of the intended receiver of the MAC frame into the receiving address (RA) of the MAC frame, and may insert the address of another station into a separate field.
- a station of the device may insert the address of another station into the EHT-SIG.
- the station of the STR multi-link device may insert an address of a station different from the address of the intended recipient of the PPDU into the User field of the signaling field of the PPDU. In this case, the address of another station may be inserted after the address of the intended recipient of the PPDU in the User field of the signaling field of the PPDU.
- the station may monitor reception of the PPDU for a predetermined time even after recognizing that the intended recipient of the received PPDU is not the station. Specifically, the station may monitor whether reception of the PPDU continues for a predetermined time even after recognizing that the intended recipient of the received PPDU is not the station. Through this, the station can determine whether transmission of the PPDU is stopped and transmission to the station starts. In these embodiments, when it is determined that transmission of the PPDU continues for a predetermined time, the station may enter a doze state. When it is determined that transmission of the PPDU is not continued for a predetermined time, the station may maintain a wake-up state. At this time, when a new PPDU is received by the station, the station may decode the PPDU.
- a station transmitting a PPDU may insert into the PPDU information signaling that transmission of the PPDU may be stopped.
- Information signaling that PPDU transmission may be stopped may be a 1-bit subfield. For example, if the value of the subfield signaling that transmission of the PPDU can be stopped is 1, the station receiving the PPDU will transmit the PPDU later than the point indicated by the Length field of the signaling field of the PPDU and the Duration field of the MAC frame. It may be previously determined that transmission of the PPDU may be stopped.
- the station can delay entering the power saving state. Also, the station transmitting the PPDU may insert information signaling that transmission may be stopped into the PPDU in the reserved field of the PPDU.
- the value of CW used for channel access may be doubled like a general transmission failure.
- a CW value used for channel access may not be doubled. That is, the station can maintain the value of CW used for channel access as it is. Doubling the value of CW is to reduce the probability of transmission collision by increasing the range of numbers that can be the value of the backoff counter. This need may be less if the station can clearly recognize that it is a transmission collision between links.
- the station may delay transmission by doubling the value of CW.
- the station needs to double the value of CW. This will be described with reference to FIG. 19 .
- FIG. 19 shows processing of the value of CW when an STR multi-link device recognizes a transmission collision between links according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the station can sense a channel state after canceling transmission. If it is sensed that the channel is not idle, the station may double the value of CW. In this case, doubling may follow the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 6 . Also, when it is sensed that the channel is idle, the station may maintain the value of CW. This embodiment is intended to treat the channel differently from successful transmission since transmission collisions within the link are less likely to occur even if it is sensed that the channel is idle.
- the AP of the AP multi-link device may acquire a backoff counter within CW without increasing CW.
- the non-STR multi-link device of the AP multi-link device fails to transmit to the first station and the second station of the non-STR multi-link device transmits, the AP of the AP multi-link device does not increase CW.
- the backoff counter can be obtained in CW without As described above, in the AP multi-link device, the second station of the non-STR multi-link device performs transmission based on the transmission station of the PPDU indicated by the signaling field of the PPDU or the station indicated by the TA field of the MAC frame included in the PPDU. can judge whether In case EDCA is applied in the above-described embodiments, procedures related to CW adjustment and backoff counter generation may be performed for each AC.
- the STR multi-link device may determine whether or not transmission of the PPDU has failed based on whether a response to the PPDU has been received. At this time, the STR multi-link device may not consider whether the station receiving the PPDU is included in the non-STR multi-link device. For example, even if the first station receiving the PPDU is included in a non-STR multi-link device and the second station of the non-STR multi-link device transmits, so that the first station cannot transmit a response to the PPDU, The STR multi-link device may determine that transmission of the PPDU has failed.
- the STR multi-link device may increase the value of CW to the next larger value among possible values of the CW value. At this time, when the value of CW is the maximum value, the STR multi-link device can maintain the value of CW at the same value.
- the station when it is sensed that the channel is idle, the station may set the CW value to the minimum CW value (CW_min) of the traffic.
- CW_min minimum CW value
- This embodiment is intended to treat the same as successful transmission when it is sensed that the channel is idle, since there is a low possibility of transmission collision in the link.
- the station may apply the above-described embodiments to the CW of the AC of the traffic included in the canceled transmission.
- the station may not increase the Retry Counter.
- the Retry Counter may include at least one of a long retry counter and a short try counter.
- canceling transmission may include at least one of stopping transmission or delaying transmission before starting transmission.
- the station may not initiate RTS/CTS frame exchange before attempting transmission after canceling transmission. This is because the NAV has already been set through the CTS-to-Self frame.
- the station may attempt transmission without a backoff procedure.
- the STR AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second AP (AP2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the non-STR non-AP multi-link device includes a first station (STA1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second station (STA2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the second station STA2 is transmitting to the second AP AP2.
- the first AP (AP1) determines that the first station (STA1) is in a blind state while performing transmission to the first station (STA1). Accordingly, the first AP (AP1) stops transmitting to the first station (STA1).
- FIG. 19 the STR AP multi-link device
- the first AP (AP1) determines that the channel of the first link (Link 1) is idle. At this time, since no TXOP remains, the first AP (AP1) accesses the channel through a backoff procedure. In FIG. 19(b), the first AP (AP1) determines that the channel of the first link (Link 1) is not idle. At this time, since the TXOP remains, the first AP (AP1) attempts transmission without a backoff procedure.
- FIG. 20 shows an operation of performing channel access again after an STR multi-link device stops transmission to a non-STR multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the pre-designated time interval may be DIFS. This is because the station of the STR multi-link device has acquired a channel access opportunity through a contention procedure and has lost the acquired channel access opportunity due to a transmission collision between links. That is, since the channel access opportunity was obtained through the station contention procedure of the STR multi-link device, priority is given to channel access performed by other stations.
- DIFS may be replaced with AIFS[AC].
- the pre-designated time interval may be EIFS. This is because the STR multi-link device can be regarded as having already exhausted transmission opportunities and fairness with other stations is considered.
- the predetermined time interval may be DIFS.
- the station receiving the PPDU detects that transmission of the PPDU is stopped, the station may sense whether the channel is idle during DIFS instead of EIFS. In this case, when it is sensed that the channel is idle during DIFS, the corresponding station may start a backoff procedure.
- DIFS can be replaced by AIFS[AC].
- the STR multi-link device can recognize that transmission collision between links may occur. Specifically, when the first station of the STR multi-link device completes the backoff procedure, the second station of the STR multi-link device may be receiving the PPDU. In this case, when the second station does not complete decoding of the signaling field of the PPDU, the first station cannot recognize that a transmission collision between links has occurred, but can determine that there is a possibility. In this case, as described above, the first station may insert information indicating that transmission may be stopped in the transmitted PPDU. In addition, the NSTR multi-link device may transmit the CTS-to-Self frame before transmission to the non-STR multi-link device for stable and efficient transmission. This will be described with reference to FIG. 21 .
- FIG. 21 shows an operation in which a STR multi-link device transmits a CTS-to-Self frame prior to transmission to a non-STR multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a station of an STR multi-link device may transmit a CTS-to-Self frame before transmission to a non-STR multi-link device.
- the second station of the STR multi-link device attempts transmission to a non-STR multi-link device while the first station of the STR multi-link device performs reception
- the second station of the STR multi-link device transmits to the non-STR multi-link device.
- the CTS-to-Self frame may be transmitted before transmission to the STR multi-link device.
- the second station can secure TXOP for transmission to the non-STR multi-link device.
- the second station may determine whether the transmission for the first station is transmitted from the corresponding non-STR multi-link device before performing transmission for the non-STR multi-link device.
- the second station may determine a transmission destination station according to whether transmission for the first station is transmitted from a corresponding non-STR multi-link device. Specifically, when transmission for the first station is not transmitted from the corresponding non-STR multi-link device, the second station may perform transmission for the corresponding non-STR multi-link device. When transmission to the first station is transmitted from a corresponding non-STR multi-link device, the second station may perform transmission to a station not included in the corresponding non-STR multi-link device.
- the first station triggers transmission of a SU-PPDU for a station of a non-STR multi-link device, an MU-PPDU including data for a station of a non-STR multi-link device, and a station of a non-STR multi-link device If transmission of the PPDU including the trigger frame is planned, the first station may cancel the planned transmission. At this time, the first station receives a SU-PPDU for a station other than a station of a non-STR multi-link device, an MU-PPDU that does not include data for a station of a non-STR multi-link device, and a station of a non-STR multi-link device.
- the first station may start transmission after a time greater than SIFS from when the CTS-to-Self frame is transmitted. Specifically, the first station may start transmission after the PIFS from when the CTS-to-Self frame is transmitted. The station that transmits the CTS-to-Self frame must start transmission after SIFS from when it transmits the CTS-to-Self frame.
- the processing time of the STR multi-link device such as generating an MPDU to be newly transmitted, is required. Therefore, exceptions to the rules for the time interval between CTS-to-Self frames and transmission may be applied.
- the second station cannot perform transmission beyond the TXOP obtained by CTS-to-Self.
- the STR multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second AP (AP2) operating on a second link (Link 2). Since the second AP (AP2) performs reception and the first AP (AP1) plans transmission to a station of a non-STR multi-link device, the first AP (AP1) transmits the CTS-to-Self frame before the planned transmission. do. As described above, the first AP (AP1) determines the transmission destination station based on the determination of the station that transmitted the PPDU received by the second AP (AP2). In addition, the first AP (AP1) performs transmission after SIFS or PIFS from when the CTS-to-Self frame is transmitted.
- the second station may initiate the RTS/CTS frame exchange procedure by transmitting an RTS frame instead of transmitting a CTS-to-Self frame. Through this, the second station can obtain an effect similar to that of transmitting the CTS-to-Self frame. In the case of RTS/CTS frame exchange, the second station can acquire the TXOP only when the transmission destination station is not in a blind state.
- FIG. 22 shows that a plurality of APs included in an STR multi-link device perform transmission to a plurality of stations included in one non-STR multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a plurality of stations included in one non-STR multi-link device may simultaneously perform reception. This is because simultaneous reception by multiple stations may cause only relatively little interference.
- 22 shows that a plurality of stations included in one non-STR multi-link device simultaneously perform reception.
- the STR multi-link device synchronizes the transmission end of a plurality of APs included in the STR multi-link device to a plurality of stations included in one non-STR multi-link device for stable operation of the non-STR multi-link device. Multiple transmissions can be performed. This will be described with reference to FIG. 23 .
- a plurality of APs included in an STR multi-link device performs a plurality of transmissions in which transmission ends are synchronized to a plurality of stations included in one non-STR multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the multi-link device can simplify a channel access procedure for transmission performed on another link. Specifically, when the first station of the multi-link device completes the backoff channel access procedure in the first link, when the channel is idle for a predetermined time interval within the link of the second station of the STR multi-link device, the STR multi-link A second station of the device may initiate transmission on the second link.
- a channel access procedure of another station of the STR multi-link device can be simplified. Specifically, when the first station of the STR multi-link device completes a backoff channel access procedure for transmission to the first station of the non-STR multi-link device, a predetermined time within the link of the second station of the STR multi-link device If the channel is idle during the interval, the second station of the STR multi-link device may start transmission to the second station of the non-STR multi-link device. In this case, it may be PIFS during a pre-specified time interval.
- This operation may be applied when the first station and the second station of the STR multi-link device perform transmission to stations included in one non-STR multi-link device.
- the first station and the second station may start transmission with a difference within a pre-specified time period.
- the pre-designated time interval may be a slot time.
- transmission ends of the first station and the second station may be synchronized.
- the synchronization of the transmission end of the first station and the second station may indicate that the transmission of the first station and the transmission of the second station are finished with a difference within the first predetermined time interval.
- the first pre-specified time interval may indicate within a slot boundary or within a symbol boundary.
- a plurality of stations of a non-STR multi-link device that have received the synchronized transmission termination may simultaneously transmit subsequent transmissions, e.g., responses. At this time, the response may include ACK.
- transmissions following reception are transmitted after SIFS from reception.
- transmitting the transmissions that follow with a slight lag may make the implementation more complicated than transmitting the transmissions that follow simultaneously. Therefore, as described above, a plurality of stations of a non-STR multi-link device receiving the synchronized transmission termination can simultaneously transmit subsequent transmissions.
- the transmission interval following at least one of the plurality of transmissions in which the transmission end is synchronized may be the sum of the SIFS and the time within the pre-specified time interval.
- a transmission following a transmission that ends first may be transmitted at intervals added by the SIFS and the time within a pre-specified time interval from the transmission.
- the pre-designated time interval may be either a slot time or a symbol length.
- the difference within the pre-designated time interval may be the difference between the end of a transmission that ends last among a plurality of transmissions with synchronized transmission ends and a transmission that ends earlier among a plurality of transmissions with synchronized transmission ends.
- a plurality of stations receiving the transmissions may synchronize and transmit subsequent transmissions.
- a plurality of following transmissions whose transmission ends are synchronized may represent a plurality of following transmissions transmitted with time differences within the second pre-specified time interval.
- the difference within the second pre-designated time interval may be a difference between an end of a transmission that ends last among a plurality of synchronized transmissions and a transmission that ends first among a plurality of transmissions in which a transmission end is synchronized.
- the second pre-specified time interval may be smaller than the first pre-specified time interval.
- a PPDU whose transmission termination is synchronized in this way may be referred to as a sync PPDU.
- the STR AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second AP (AP2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the non-STR non-AP multi-link device includes a first station (STA1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second station (STA2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the first AP (AP1) and the second AP (AP2) synchronize the end of transmission for the first station (STA1) and the second station (STA2), respectively. That is, after the first station STA1 ends the transmission, the second station STA2 ends the transmission within a time interval previously designated by the first station STA1.
- the first station STA1 and the second station STA2 simultaneously transmit ACKs.
- the first station STA1 transmits an ACK after a difference between the end of the transmission for the first station STA1 and the end of the transmission for the second station STA2 and the end of the transmission for the first station and SIFS.
- ACK policy may be applied even when it is not an immediate response.
- the plurality of stations of a multi-link device when a plurality of stations of a multi-link device receive a transmission in which the end of transmission is synchronized, the plurality of stations of the multi-link device simultaneously receive an ACK request and simultaneously transmit ACKs according to the ACK request. there is.
- a plurality of stations of the multi-link device that receive the transmission for which the ACK policy is set to a value other than No ACK within a predetermined time period may start ACKing simultaneously.
- the non-STR multi-link device When a non-STR multi-link device exists, the non-STR multi-link device must be considered in an operation of configuring a TXOP by transmitting an RTS/CTS frame and a CTS-to-Self frame. This will be described with reference to FIGS. 24 to 29 .
- the RTS/CTS frame exchange procedure may follow the procedure defined in the existing wireless LAN.
- the RTS/CTS frame can be used to set the NAV of stations operating on different links. Specifically, the station receiving the RTS/CTS frame operates on a link different from the link in which the corresponding station operates and may transmit the frame to other stations included in a multi-link device including the corresponding station.
- RTS/CTS may not be transmitted as shown in FIG. 24 . That is, a station planning transmission to a first station of a non-STR multi-link device may not attempt RTS/CTS frame exchange when a second station of a non-STR multi-link device is performing reception.
- the STR AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second AP (AP2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the non-STR non-AP multi-link device includes a first station (STA1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second station (STA2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- STA1 operating on a first link (Link 1)
- STA2 operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the second AP (AP2) may determine that channel access of the second station (STA2) is prohibited. Therefore, the second AP (AP2) does not attempt RTS/CTS frame exchange with the second station (STA2).
- a hidden node problem may occur. This will be described with reference to FIG. 25 .
- FIG. 25 shows a hidden node problem occurring in the RTS/CTS frame exchange procedure according to the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 24 .
- the STR AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second AP (AP2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the non-STR non-AP multi-link device includes a first station (STA1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second station (STA2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the second AP (AP2) could not transmit the RTS frame before transmission. Therefore, the TXOP for transmission of the second AP (AP2) is not set to the station operating in the second link (Link 2). Accordingly, when the second AP (AP2) transmits to the second station (STA2), a station (OBSS STA) of another BSS transmits on the second link (Link2). As a result, the second station STA2 fails to receive transmission from the second AP AP2.
- the following embodiments may be applied.
- the station when any one station of the non-STR multi-link device is performing reception, the station may not be allowed to perform transmission to any station of the non-STR multi-link device.
- the station when a station transmits to a first station of a non-STR multi-link device and the second station of the non-STR multi-link device is performing reception, the station performs transmission simultaneously with transmission to the second station. can do.
- the station transmits to the first station of a non-STR multi-link device and the second station of the non-STR multi-link device is receiving, the station sets the end of the transmission to the first station to the end of the transmission to the second station. can be synchronized.
- the station transmits to the first station of the non-STR multi-link device and the second station of the non-STR multi-link device is receiving, the station transmits to the first station simultaneously with transmission to the second station.
- transmission to the second station may be performed by another station of the multi-link device including the station.
- 26 shows that multi-link devices exchange RTS/CTS frames according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the second station of the multi-link device transmits to the fourth station of the non-STR multi-link device.
- the first station may end transmission to the third station before the fourth station transmits the RTS frame.
- the fourth station can transmit the CTS frame to the second station. Accordingly, TXOP for frame exchange between the second station and the fourth station may be set.
- the second station of the multi-link device transmits to the fourth station of the non-STR multi-link device.
- the second station may transmit the RTS frame to the fourth station according to the transmission end point of the first station to the third station.
- the second station may insert padding into the RTS frame.
- the RTS frame may be an RTS frame format capable of flexibly adjusting the transmission length.
- this RTS frame format is referred to as a multilink (ML)-RTS frame.
- the ML-RTS frame may include a pad field for padding.
- the format of the ML-RTS frame may be the same as the RTS frame format described in FIG. 26 .
- the first station may insert padding into the transmission to the third station in order to match the RTS frame and transmission end time.
- the STR AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second AP (AP2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the non-STR non-AP multi-link device includes a first station (STA1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second station (STA2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the second AP (AP2) transmits the ML-RTS frame to the second STA (STA2) according to the transmission end point of the first AP (AP1) to the first station (STA1).
- the first station STA1 transmits an ACK to the first AP AP1
- the second station STA2 transmits an ACK to the second AP AP2.
- TXOP for frame exchange between the second AP (AP2) and the second station (STA2) is set for stations operating in the channel of the second link.
- another frame for setting the NAV may be exchanged instead of the RTS/CTS frame.
- an ACK request frame may be transmitted instead of the RTS frame.
- the ACK request frame may include duration information related to transmission end time.
- a frame including an ACK transmitted in response to an ACK request may also include duration information.
- duration information of the frame including the ACK may be set according to duration information of the ACK request frame.
- control frames may include exchange of PS-Poll frames and response frames for PS-Poll.
- FIG. 27 shows that a multi-link device transmits a response to a control frame as an exception even when channel access is prohibited according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- channel access of some stations may be prohibited. Even if the station's access to the channel is prohibited, the station can transmit a response to the control frame. Specifically, even if the station's channel access is prohibited, the station may transmit the CTS frame in response to the RTS frame.
- the following embodiment may be applied.
- the first station transmits a response to the control frame as an exception to the channel access prohibition.
- the third station transmits to the second station included in the multi-link device including the first station. In this case, the third station may perform retransmission for the first station. This is because the third station can expect transmission to the second station to fail.
- the STR AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second AP (AP2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the non-STR non-AP multi-link device includes a first station (STA1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second station (STA2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- the first AP (AP) performs transmission for the first station (STA1).
- the second AP (AP2) transmits the RTS frame to the second station (STA2). Since the first station STA1 performs reception, channel access of the second station STA2 is prohibited.
- the second station (STA2) transmits the CTS frame to the second AP (AP2), which is an exception to the channel access prohibition.
- the first AP (AP1) may determine that transmission of the first AP (AP1) is highly likely to fail due to the CTS frame transmission of the second station (STA2). Accordingly, the first AP (AP1) performs retransmission to the first station (STA1). The retransmission method will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 28 .
- only some of the packets included in the initial transmission may be retransmitted.
- a station performing retransmission may retransmit only some of the packets included in the initial transmission.
- the station performing the retransmission may determine some of the packets included in the initial transmission as packets to be retransmitted based on the time interval in which the station performing the retransmission receives the CTS frame.
- the station performing the retransmission may determine, among the packets included in the initial transmission, a packet transmitted in a time interval including a time interval in which the station performing the retransmission receives the CTS frame as a packet to be retransmitted.
- the station performing retransmission may retransmit the packet transmitted in the time interval including the time interval in which the station performing retransmission receives the CTS frame based on propagation delay.
- a station performing retransmission may retransmit all packets included in the initial transmission.
- a station performing retransmission may perform retransmission before receiving an ACK for transmission. At this time, the station performing the retransmission may receive a block ACK indicating whether to receive the initial transmission and the retransmission after performing the retransmission. To this end, a station performing retransmission may perform retransmission before SIFS after initial transmission. In another specific embodiment, a station that has failed reception due to a control frame transmitted as an exception to channel access prohibition may wait for reception of retransmission without transmitting an ACK.
- the first AP (AP1) retransmits the fourth and fifth packets in consideration of the transmission delay and the period in which the second AP (AP2) receives the CTS frame. After retransmission, the first AP (AP1) receives an ACK including whether or not retransmission has been received.
- 29 shows that a control frame is transmitted through a link in which a station whose channel access is not prohibited operates, rather than a link in which a station whose channel access is prohibited operates according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the multi-link device may transmit a control frame through a link in which a station in which channel access is not prohibited operates, rather than a link in which a station in which channel access is prohibited operates.
- the multi-link device may transmit a control frame through a link currently receiving from the multi-link device among stations of the non-STR multi-link device.
- the control frame may be an RTS frame.
- the STR AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) operating on a first link (Link1) and a second AP (AP2) operating on a second link (Link2).
- the non-STR non-AP multi-link device includes a first station STA1 operating on a first link Link1 and a second station STA2 operating on a second link Link2.
- the first AP (AP1) transmits to the first station (STA1). Even if the second AP (AP2) succeeds in the backoff procedure, since the first station (STA1) is receiving the transmission transmitted from the first AP (AP1), the second AP (AP2) transmits to the second station (STA2). cannot be performed.
- the second AP requests the first AP (AP1) to transmit the RTS frame to which the second station (STA2) is the receiver.
- the first AP (AP1) may include the RTS frame to which the second station (STA2) is the receiver in the transmission being performed by the first AP (AP1).
- the first AP (AP1) sends the second station after SIFS from the transmission through the first link (Link1).
- STA2 may transmit an RTS frame as a receiver.
- the first station STA1 receives the RTS frame, which is the receiver of the second station STA2, and transfers the received RTS frame to the second station STA2.
- the second station STA2 performs CCA during PIFS. If the channel is idle during PIFS, the second station (STA2) transmits the CTS-to-Self frame.
- the first AP (AP1) may stop transmission to the first station (STA1) during a time interval in which the second station (STA2) is expected to transmit a response to the RTS frame.
- the first station STA1 may transmit an ACK for the received transmission.
- the second station STA2 transmits a response to the RTS frame
- the first station STA1 may transmit a response to the RTS frame together. 29 is for helping the understanding of the description and may be used for transmission of control frames other than the RTS frame and the CTS-to-Self frame. Also, time intervals other than PIFS may be used.
- FIG. 30 shows that a multi-link device transmits an ACK according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a station of a multi-link device may request a link to transmit an ACK to a station of a no-STR multi-link device. Specifically, a station of a multi-link device may request transmission of an ACK in a link different from the link in which transmission was performed.
- the first AP (AP1) of the STR multi-link device performs transmission (Tx(#2)) to the first station (STA1) of the non-STR multi-link device. At this time, the first AP (AP1) requests transmission of an ACK for transmission (Tx(#2)) through the second link (Link2).
- the station may set an ACK policy as an implicit BAR so as not to transmit an immediate response to the transmission.
- the station may set the ACK policy for transmission to BlockAckReq.
- BlockAckReq since BlockAckReq must be transmitted in order to transmit Block ACK, channel access burden and transmission delay may occur. Therefore, a new ACK policy for multi-link devices may be required.
- One station of the multi-link device may transmit an ACK for transmission received by the station and an ACK for transmission received by another station included in the same multi-link device.
- Such ACK transmission may be referred to as multilink (ML)-ACK.
- ML-ACK may be configured as an ACK policy.
- the first AP (AP1) sets the ACK policy of transmission (Tx(#2)) to ML-ACK. After receiving the transmission (Tx(#2)), the first station (STA1) does not transmit an ACK to the first AP (AP1).
- the second station (STA2) completes receiving the transmission from the second AP (AP2), and sends the second AP (AP2) an ACK for the transmission from the first AP (AP1) and a transmission from the second AP (AP2).
- ACK is sent together.
- the non-STR multi-link device includes not only the first station (STA1) and the second station (STA2) but also the third station (STA3), and the STR multi-link device includes the first AP (AP1) and the second AP (AP2). In addition, it may include a third AP (AP3).
- an ACK policy for transmission from the second AP (AP2) to the second station (STA2) may also be set to ML-ACK.
- the third station (STA1) completes the first AP ( ACK for transmission from AP1 to the first station STA1, ACK for transmission from the second AP AP2 to the second station STA2, and from the third AP AP3 to the third station STA3
- An ACK for the transmission may be transmitted to the third AP (AP3).
- the ACK policy may be set to BlockAck instead of ML-ACK.
- the ACK policy may be set to No Ack instead of ML-ACK.
- the multi-link device While the multi-link device transmits traffic, the number of links acquiring transmission opportunities may increase. At this time, the multi-link device may transmit traffic intended to be transmitted through a link obtained a transmission opportunity first through a link obtained a transmission opportunity later. At this time, the NAV set in the link where the multi-link device first obtained a transmission opportunity may be set larger than the NAV required to transmit traffic. If the multi-link device is set higher than the NAV required to transmit traffic on the link that first acquired the transmission opportunity, the multi-link device completes transmission on the link that first acquired the transmission opportunity and then transmits the CF-END frame to set the NAV. can be reset
- the first station of the non-STR multi-link device In order for the first station of the non-STR multi-link device to receive the aforementioned sync PPDU, it must determine whether the second station having a non-STR relationship with the first station starts to receive the sync PPDU. In addition, the first station must continuously perform preamble detection (PD). Considering that the first station receiving the sync PPDU is barred from channel access due to reception by another station of the non-STR multi-link device, such an operation of the first station may be irrational. Therefore, the first station can enter a power saving state within a predefined condition.
- the sync PPDU may be transmitted within a previously set TXOP. Accordingly, a performance gain obtained by receiving the sync PPDU may be determined according to the length of the remaining TXOP.
- the first station can determine whether to give up reception of the sync PPDU based on the length of the sync PPDU.
- the first station may enter a power saving state.
- This power saving operation may be referred to as inter-link TXOP power save (PS).
- PS inter-link TXOP power save
- a station that has entered a power saving state in the inter-link TXOP PS may wake up from the power saving state to receive frames periodically transmitted from the AP, for example, a beacon frame, a TIM frame, and a DTIM frame.
- TXOP is terminated, for example, when a CF-END frame is transmitted, a station that has entered a power saving state in an inter-link TXOP PS may wake up from the power saving state.
- the aforementioned TXOP may be changed to a period indicated through the length field of the signaling field of the PPDU and the Duration field of the MAC frame.
- the station may determine the time occupied by the PPDU based on the period indicated through the length field and the Duration field of the MAC frame.
- the non-AP multi-link device may signal information about whether sync PPDU reception is supported and sync PPDU support conditions to the AP multi-link device.
- the AP multi-link device may signal to the non-AP multi-link device whether transmission of the AP multi-link long-term sync PPDU is supported.
- the multi-link device may signal whether to support sync PPDU for each multi-link device.
- the AP multi-link device may signal whether sync PPDU transmission is supported for each AP multi-link device.
- the multi-link device may signal whether sync PPDU is supported for each station.
- the AP multi-link device may signal whether sync PPDU transmission is supported for each AP included in the AP multi-link device.
- an AP multi-link device including a first AP, a second AP, and a third AP may indicate that the first AP supports sync PPDU transmission and the second AP and third AP do not support sync PPDU transmission.
- a station of the non-AP multi-link device rejects reception by other stations of the non-AP multi-link device.
- the power saving state of the inter-link PS described above may be entered. This is because an AP multi-link device associated with a non-AP multi-link device cannot transmit a sync PPDU.
- a station of a non-AP multi-link device is a PPDU received by another station of a non-AP multi-link device. It is possible to determine the length of time to maintain the power saving state based on the length of .
- Whether to support transmission or reception of the above-described sync PPDU may be determined according to hardware performance as well as an operating policy. Accordingly, whether transmission or reception of the sync PPDU is supported may be signaled through information on an operating mode as well as information on performance. A signaling method for supporting transmission or reception of a sync PPDU will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 31 .
- 31 shows an element field indicating information about sync PPDU reception support or transmission support according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- information indicating whether sync PPDU transmission is supported may be included in an element indicating a capability of a station.
- an element indicating a station's capability is referred to as a capability element.
- a field of information indicating whether sync PPDU transmission is supported in the Capability element is referred to as a Supporting Sync PPDU Tx subfield.
- the Capability element may be a Multi-Link element indicating multi-link capability.
- the Capability element may be an EHT Capability element indicating an EHT-related capability. 31(a) shows an example of a capability element.
- the Supporting Sync PPDU Tx may indicate that a station or multi-link device indicated by the Supporting Sync PPDU Tx subfield supports transmission of a sync PPDU. If the value of the Supporting Sync PPDU Tx subfield is 0, the Supporting Sync PPDU Tx may indicate that the station or multi-link device indicated by the Supporting Sync PPDU Tx subfield does not support transmission of the sync PPDU. In addition, when a station not included in the multi-link device transmits the Capability element, the Supporting Sync PPDU Tx subfield may signal information other than information unrelated to whether sync PPDU transmission is supported or may be used as a reserved field.
- information indicating whether sync PPDU reception is supported may be included in an element indicating operation-related information of a station.
- an element indicating operation-related information of a station is referred to as an operation element.
- a field of information indicating whether sync PPDU reception is supported is referred to as a Supporting Sync PPDU Rx Disable subfield. 31(b) shows an example of an Operation element. If the value of the Supporting Sync PPDU Rx Disabled subfield is 1, it may indicate that reception of the sync PPDU is not desired.
- the Supporting Sync PPDU Rx Disabled subfield may indicate that the station transmitting the Supporting Sync PPDU Rx Disabled subfield does not want to wait for reception of the sync PPDU.
- the second station of the multi-link device may not perform PD and CCA while the first station of the multi-link device performs reception.
- An AP multi-link device connected to the multi-link device that has transmitted the Supporting Sync PPDU Rx Disabled subfield does not simultaneously transmit PPDUs to multiple stations of the multi-link device that has transmitted the Supporting Sync PPDU Rx Disabled subfield.
- the PPDU may be an SU PPDU, Full BW MU PPDU, or OFDMA MU PPDU transmitted in any one of the formats of non-HT PPDU, HT PPDU, VHT PPDU, HE PPDU, and EHT PPDU.
- the AP multi-link device should not transmit a frame requesting a response, for example, an immediate response.
- the frame requesting a response may include at least one of an RTS, a multi-user RTS (MU-RTS), a trigger frame, and a block ack request (BAR).
- the Operation element may include information related to the minimum length of a sync PPDU that can be received by a station or a multi-link device that has transmitted the Operation element.
- a subfield indicating information related to the minimum length of the sync PPDU is referred to as a Remaining TXOP Threshold subfield.
- the Remaining TXOP Threshold subfield may indicate time.
- the Remaining TXOP Threshold subfield can be indicated in us, ms, or symbol units.
- the multi-link device connected to the multi-link device that transmitted the Remaining TXOP Threshold subfield is not permitted to transmit a sync PPDU shorter than the length indicated by the Remaining TXOP Threshold subfield to the multi-link device or station that transmitted the Remaining TXOP Threshold subfield. may not be
- the Remaining TXOP Threshold subfield when the Remaining TXOP Threshold subfield is set to a predefined value, it may indicate that the multi-link device or station that has transmitted the Remaining TXOP Threshold subfield does not support reception of the sync PPDU.
- the predefined value may be a value indicating a time greater than the maximum time that the Remaining TXOP Threshold subfield can indicate. In another specific embodiment, the pre-designated value may be 0. When these embodiments are applied, the Sync PPDU Rx Disable subfield in the Operation element may be omitted.
- the Sync PPDU Rx Disable subfield and the Remaining TXOP Threshold subfield can be signaled through the Operation element.
- the Sync PPDU Rx Disable subfield and the Remaining TXOP Threshold subfield may be signaled through elements other than the Operation element or signaling information.
- the second station of the non-STR multi-link device may enter a power saving state while the first station of the non-STR multi-link device is performing reception. can In this case, the second station may maintain the power saving state until the end of the TXOP indicated by the PPDU received by the first station. As described above, the second station may be before the end of the TXOP indicated by the PPDU received by the first station when reception of frames periodically transmitted from the AP is predicted. In this case, the second station may wake up from the power saving state before the end of the TXOP indicated by the PPDU received by the first station. As described above, the frame periodically transmitted from the AP may include at least one of a beacon frame, a TIM frame, and a DTIM frame.
- the second station may maintain the power saving state even after the end of the TXOP indicated by the PPDU received by the first station. Specifically, the second station may determine whether to maintain the power saving state even after the TXOP indicated by the PPDU received by the first station is terminated based on information received from the AP connected to the second station.
- the information received from the AP connected to the second station may be NAV related information.
- the information received from the AP connected to the second station may be operation information of the AP connected to the first station.
- the first AP of the AP multi-link device indicates that it does not want to receive the sync PPDU.
- Information about an expected end time of transmission or reception of the first AP and an expected expiration time of the NAV may be transmitted to the first station of the signaled non-AP multi-link device.
- AP performing transmission to the second station of the non-AP multi-link device If the NAV set by the second AP of the multi-link device has not expired, the second AP may transmit or receive a PPDU from any one station. can AP transmitting to the second station of the non-AP multi-link device If the NAV set by the second AP of the multi-link device has not expired, the NAV set to the second AP by the PPDU not transmitted by the second station may include
- the STR AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) operating on a first link (Link1) and a second AP (AP2) operating on a second link (Link2).
- the non-STR non-AP multi-link device includes a first station STA1 operating on a first link Link1 and a second station STA2 operating on a second link Link2.
- the non-STR non-AP multi-link device signals that it does not want to receive the sync PPDU.
- the first AP (AP1) transmits to the first station (STA1).
- the second station (STA2) maintains the power saving state until the end of the TXOP indicated by the PPDU transmitted from the first AP (AP1) to the first station (STA1).
- the first station of the non-STR multi-link device determines that the remaining duration of the TXOP indicated by the PPDU being received by the first station of the non-STR multi-link device is indicated by the Remaining TXOP Threshold subfield transmitted by the non-STR multi-link device. If the length is equal to or shorter than the inter-link TXOP, the inter-link TXOP may enter the power-save state.
- the second station may receive the sync PPDU transmitted by the second station.
- the second station may receive the sync PPDU.
- the second station performs PD and may determine whether the intended recipient of the received PPDU is the second station. Specifically, the second station may determine whether the AID indicated by the signaling field of the PPDU or the RA of the MAC frame included in the PPDU indicate the second station.
- the STR AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) operating on a first link (Link1) and a second AP (AP2) operating on a second link (Link2).
- the non-STR non-AP multi-link device includes a first station STA1 operating on a first link Link1 and a second station STA2 operating on a second link Link2.
- the non-STR non-AP multi-link device signals that it wants to receive a sync PPDU. At this time, the non-STR non-AP multi-link device also signals the minimum TXOP length required for receiving the sync PPDU, 'a'.
- the first AP (AP1) transmits to the first station (STA1), and the second station (STA2) waits to receive the sync PPDU.
- the TXOP of the PPDU transmitted from the first AP (AP1) to the first station (STA1) is equal to or shorter than 'a', the second station (STA2) enters an inter-link TXOP power saving state.
- the BSS operated by the AP connected to the station of the non-STR multi-link device detects transmission of a PPDU other than the sync PPDU while the station of the non-STR multi-link device is waiting to receive the sync PPDU, the transmission of a PPDU other than the sync PPDU is detected.
- a station of a device may enter an inter-link TXOP power saving state. At this time, the station may determine that a PPDU to which the station is not an intended recipient is not a sync PPDU.
- the station detects transmission of a PPDU other than a sync PPDU from a BSS operated by an AP connected to a station of a non-STR multi-link device in a power-saving state, the non-STR multi-link device A station of can enter the inter-link TXOP power saving state.
- the STR AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) operating on a first link (Link1) and a second AP (AP2) operating on a second link (Link2).
- the non-STR non-AP multi-link device includes a first station STA1 operating on a first link Link1 and a second station STA2 operating on a second link Link2.
- the non-STR non-AP multi-link device signals that it wants to receive a sync PPDU. At this time, the non-STR non-AP multi-link device also signals the minimum TXOP length required for receiving the sync PPDU, 'a'.
- the first AP (AP1) transmits to the first station (STA1), and the second station (STA2) waits to receive the sync PPDU.
- the second station STA2 detects that a PPDU other than a sync PPDU is transmitted from a BSS belonging to the second station.
- the TXOP of the PPDU transmitted from the first AP (AP1) to the first station (STA1) is greater than 'a', the second station (STA2) enters an inter-link TXOP power saving state.
- the multi-link device may operate adaptively considering that the second station is in a blind state due to the transmission of the first station of the non-STR multi-link device. Specifically, when the multi-link device determines that the station of the non-STR multi-link device is in a blind state, the multi-link device may stop transmission to the station of the non-STR multi-link device. In addition, a station of the non-STR multi-link device may enter a doze state based on operations of other stations of the non-STR multi-link device, for example, transmission and reception. Through this, it is possible to solve a problem that may occur when the operation of one station of a non-STR multi-link device restricts the operation of another station.
- the non-STR multi-link device different stations included in the non-STR multi-link device cannot simultaneously perform reception and transmission due to interference within the device.
- different stations included in the non-STR multi-link device cannot simultaneously perform reception and transmission.
- the use of the transceiver by the second station of the non-STR multi-link device may be restricted.
- a non-STR multi-link device may support processing of only one PPDU. In this case, when the first station of the non-STR multi-device transmits or receives, the second station of the non-STR multi-device cannot transmit or receive.
- a multi-link apparatus including a plurality of stations each operating in a plurality of links but not supporting simultaneous transmission or reception of a plurality of stations is referred to as a single radio multi-link apparatus. Therefore, when any one station of a single radio multi-link device transmits/receives, other stations of a single radio multi-link device cannot transmit/receive.
- the operation of the multi-link device as a single radio multi-link device may be based on hardware constraints or operation mode definitions as described above. Therefore, in this specification, a single radio multi-link device may refer to a multi-link device in which the operation of a station is limited according to the definition of an operation mode as well as a multi-link device in which the operation of a station is limited due to hardware constraints.
- the single radio multi-link device of the present specification supports simultaneous transmission or reception of a plurality of stations of the multi-link device, but does not support simultaneous transmission or reception of a plurality of stations of the multi-link device under specific conditions. It may include a multi-link device that does not. In this case, the specific condition may include a specific point in time.
- the multi-link device may operate as a single radio multi-link device according to an operation mode. For example, when a specific mode is deactivated, a multi-link device transmits or receives on multiple links, and when a specific mode is activated, transmits or receives only on a single link among multiple links in a specific time period. At this time, when a specific mode is deactivated, the multi-link device transmits or receives from a plurality of stations, and when a specific mode is activated, only a single station among the plurality of stations transmits or receives during a specific time period.
- the specific time interval may include a time during which the multi-link device performs frame exchange in any one link.
- the specific time interval may be from when the multi-link device receives an initial control frame for initiating frame exchange in any one link to the end of the corresponding frame exchange.
- the specific mode may be referred to as an enhanced multi-link single radio (EMLSR) mode. While the multi-link device performs frame exchange on the first link of the link, the multi-link device does not perform transmission and reception on the second link of the EMLSR link.
- EMLSR enhanced multi-link single radio
- EMLMR enhanced multi-link multi-link multi-link multi-link multi-link device
- -radio enhanced multi-link multi-link multi-link device
- links to which the EMLSR mode is applied may be some of the links in which the multi-link device operates. For example, when a multi-link device operates in first to third links, the EMLSR mode or the EMLMR mode may be applied only to the first link and the second link. Therefore, when the multi-link device transmits or receives on the first link in a specific time interval in the EMSLR mode, the multi-link device cannot transmit or receive on the second link.
- the multi-link device may perform transmission or reception without restrictions according to the EMLSR mode in the third link.
- a link to which an EMLSR mode can be applied such as a first link and a second link
- a link to which the EMLMR mode can be applied is referred to as an EMLMR link.
- Performing transmission or reception using the RF chain of a specific station in the EMLSR mode and EMLMR mode results in switching of transmission, reception, or monitoring capabilities in a link in which the specific station operates. Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention applied in relation to the EMLSR mode in the following description may be equally applied in relation to the EMLMR mode without special mention.
- Embodiments related to the operation of the non-STR multi-link device described above may also be applied to the operation of a single radio multi-link device.
- the above-described embodiments of operations of a station that transmits and receives data to and from non-STR multi-link stations may also be applied to operations of a station that transmits and receives data to and from a station of a single radio multi-link device. For example, when the station determines that transmission to a single radio multi-link device on a first link has failed due to transmission or reception of a single radio multi-link device on a second link, the station determines CW of channel access performed on the first link. may not increase. Specifically, the station may apply the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 14 .
- the station transmits to a non-STR multi-link station. It may be similar to the method of determining whether the non-STR multi-link device has failed due to operation restrictions.
- 35 shows a connection between a single radio multi-link device and an AP multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the PHY backend collectively refers to digital processors of the physical layer including processors that encode and decode PPDUs.
- the PHY front end is a generic term for the analog baseband circuit including the RF chain.
- a single radio multi-link device includes a plurality of stations operating on different links, but can only transmit or receive on one link at a time.
- a single radio multi-link device may perform channel access in a plurality of links.
- a single radio multi-link device may perform monitoring in a plurality of links.
- a single radio multi-link device can perform channel access on multiple links.
- monitoring may include channel sensing.
- channel sensing may include at least one of clear channel assessment (CCA) and preamble detection (PD).
- CCA clear channel assessment
- PD preamble detection
- a single radio multi-link device can reduce channel access delay. Specifically, even if the first station of a single radio multi-link device fails to perform channel access due to channel occupation by another wireless communication device performed on the first link, the second station of the single radio multi-link device back-offs in the second link. procedure can be performed.
- a single radio multi-link device may be a multi-link device operating in the EMLSR mode as described above.
- the PHY front end of a single radio multi-link device can support channel monitoring independently from the PHY back end.
- the PHY front end of a single radio multi-link device can support decoding of the preamble of the PPDU independently from the PHY back end for the PD.
- the PHY front end of a single radio multi-link device can support reception of frames transmitted through low MCS independently from the PHY back end.
- the frame transmitted through the low MCS may include at least one of an RTS frame and an MU-RTS frame.
- the PHY front end may include a MAC processor.
- the processing power of the PHY backend can be utilized intensively for encoding and decoding of data frames.
- the AP multi-link device includes a first AP (AP1) and a second AP (AP2).
- a single radio multi-link device includes a first non-AP station (Non-AP STA1) and a second non-AP station (Non-AP STA2).
- a first AP (AP1) is connected to a first non-AP station (Non-AP STA1) on a first link (Link1)
- a second AP (AP2) is connected to a second non-AP station on a second link (Link2).
- Link1 first link
- AP2 second AP station on a second link
- Link2 second link
- each of the first non-AP station (Non-AP STA1) and the second non-AP station (Non-AP STA2) independently performs channel access using the PHY front end.
- a single radio multi-link device can be used for MIMO transmission using an RF chain of stations that do not participate in transmitting or receiving. Specifically, when the first station of a single radio multi-link device acquires a channel access opportunity, the first station uses not only the RF chain used by the first station but also the RF chain used by the second station of the single radio multi-link device. to perform MIMO transmission. This will be described with reference to FIG. 36 .
- the first station (STA1) of a single radio multi-link device operates in the first link (Link 1)
- the second station (STA2) of the single radio multi-link device operates in the second link (Link 2). It works.
- a first station (STA1) performs channel access on a first link (Link 1)
- a second station (STA2) performs channel access on a second link (Link 2).
- the first station (STA1) succeeds in channel access in the first link (Link 1)
- the first station (STA1) transmits the second station (STA2) as well as the RF chain used for channel access in the first link (Link 1).
- 2x2 MIMO transmission is performed in the first link (Link 1) using the RF chain used for channel access.
- a single radio multi-link device cannot perform monitoring and channel access in the second link.
- the single radio multi-link device waits for a predetermined time and then performs channel access in the second link.
- channel access of a single radio multi-link device in the second link may be limited for a predetermined time from when the RF change is completed.
- the single radio multi-link device may perform channel access in the second link after waiting for a predetermined time from when the RF change is completed. At this time, channel access may include a backoff procedure.
- the pre-designated time may be a pre-designated time applied when channel access needs to be restricted due to a time when channel monitoring is impossible.
- the predetermined time may be NAVSyncdelay.
- a single radio multi-link device may perform a backoff procedure after waiting as much as NAVSyncdelay. This is because there is a high probability that a single radio multi-link device cannot detect transmission of another wireless communication terminal being performed on the second link due to a period in which channel monitoring is not performed.
- a delay time for starting the operation of the RF chain may be required. Therefore, a single radio multi-link device can perform channel access considering the delay time of RF chain change.
- a link change may indicate a change in an RF chain supported by the link. Specifically, when the use of a plurality of RF chains is supported in the first link and then the use of one RF chain is supported, or when the use of one RF chain is not supported in the second link and the use of one RF chain is supported. In this case, it can be referred to as a change in the RF chain.
- a multi-link device When a multi-link device operates in the EMLSR mode or EMLMR mode described above, transmission, reception, or monitoring capability may be changed in a link to which the EMLSR mode or the EMLMR mode is applied. Accordingly, the EMLSR mode or the RF chain of the link to which the EMLMR mode is applied may be reconfigured. As such, even when a link is switched in the EMLSR mode or the EMLMR mode, the channel access restriction described above may be applied.
- link switching is performed in a link to which the EMLSR mode or the EMLMR mode is applied, channel access of a station to which mode switching is applied among stations of a multi-link device may be restricted for a predetermined time from a reset point.
- the predetermined time may be NAVSyncDelay or MediumSyncDelay. Even if a predetermined time does not elapse, when a frame capable of setting an NAV is received, the channel access restriction of the multi-link device may be released. In addition, the pre-designated time may be the time indicated by the NAVSyncDelay parameter. In these embodiments, even before a predetermined time elapses from the point at which link switching is completed, that is, the point at which monitoring capability is restored, the station may start frame exchange by transmitting a control frame setting the NAV for setting the NAV.
- the control frame for setting the NAV may be at least one of an RTS frame and an MU-RTS frame.
- link switching may include losing and recovering all or part of a link's transmission, reception, or monitoring capabilities.
- the case where the EMLSR mode or the transmission, reception or monitoring capability of the link to which the EMLMR mode is applied is changed may include a case where the frequency band or center frequency of the RF chain is changed.
- the channel access restriction of the multi-link device may be that transmission of the multi-link device is prohibited and the multi-link device performs CCA.
- a station that communicates with a single radio multi-link device using MIMO may be a station of a multi-link device.
- a station that communicates with a single radio multi-link device using MIMO may be an AP included in the multi-link device.
- a station that communicates with a single radio multi-link device using MIMO may be a station included in the multi-link device.
- a station included in the multi-link device may be an AP.
- what has been described as an operation of a station of a multi-link device in this specification may represent an operation of a multi-link device.
- FIG. 37 shows an operation in which a single radio multi-link device performs channel access in consideration of a delay time of an RF chain change according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a single radio multi-link device may change the RF chain before it is expected to have successful channel access. Specifically, the single radio multi-link device may change the RF chain before the time set based on the delay time of the RF chain change from the time when channel access is expected to succeed. For example, a single radio multi-link device may change an RF chain at a time point earlier than a delay time of RF chain change from a time when channel access is expected to succeed.
- the first station (STA1) of a single radio multi-link device operates in the first link (Link 1)
- the second station (STA2) of the single radio multi-link device operates in the second link (Link 2). It works.
- a first station (STA1) performs channel access on a first link (Link 1)
- a second station (STA2) performs channel access on a second link (Link 2).
- the first station (STA1) succeeds in channel access in the first link (Link 1)
- the first station (STA1) transmits the second station (STA2) as well as the RF chain used for channel access in the first link (Link 1).
- this second link (Link 2) 2x2 MIMO transmission is performed in the first link (Link 1) using the RF chain used for channel access.
- the single radio multi-link device changes the RF chain at a time as early as the delay time of RF chain switching (RF chain switching delay) from the time when channel access is expected to succeed (Expected Tx time). .
- the single radio multi-link device when a single radio multi-link device changes an RF chain and then starts transmission, the single radio multi-link device may start exchanging RTS frames/CTS frames. In another specific embodiment, when a single radio multi-link device changes an RF chain and then starts transmitting, the single radio multi-link device may transmit a CTS-to-Self frame. In addition, a single radio multi-link device may transmit a frame having a relatively short length instead of a CTS-to-Self frame. Through these embodiments, a single radio multi-link device can acquire the time required until the RF chain change is completed. In addition, these embodiments may not cause a problem even if channel access is not successful at a predicted time point, unlike the previously described embodiments.
- a single radio multi-link device starts transmission by exchanging RTS frames/CTS frames on the first link (Link 1).
- a single radio multi-link device may perform transmission or reception by changing an RF chain as described with reference to FIGS. 36 to 37 .
- a single radio multi-link device can perform transmission or reception without changing an RF chain.
- a single radio multi-link device can choose to change the RF chain.
- a single radio multi-link device may indicate whether to use an RF chain of another link when performing MIMO communication in a corresponding link in the MIMO Rx support subfield of the Operation element. For example, when a single radio multi-link device sets the value of the MIMO Rx support subfield of the Operation element to 1, the MIMO Rx support subfield is a spatial number less than or equal to the value of the Max Rx spatial stream subfield of the Operation element. It may indicate that MIMO reception can be performed using the stream. At this time, a station performing MIMO transmission to a single radio multi-link device must perform MIMO transmission using spatial streams equal to or less than the value of the Max Rx spatial stream subfield of the Operation element.
- the format of the Operation element may be as shown in FIG. 38(a).
- a single radio multi-link device may signal the time required to change an RF chain in a capability element.
- the switching latency subfield of the capability element may indicate the time required for changing the RF chain.
- a station that performs MIMO transmission to a single radio multi-link device must perform MIMO transmission in consideration of the time required for RF chain change.
- a station performing MIMO transmission to a single radio multi-link device may start MIMO transmission after a time required for RF chain change has elapsed from initial transmission to a single radio multi-link device.
- the format of the Capability element may be as shown in FIG. 38(a).
- a station attempting to transmit to a single radio multi-link device may not be allowed to transmit on a link other than the first link. This is because a single radio multi-link device cannot perform reception on a link other than the first link while transmission or reception is performed on the first link.
- a station that intends to transmit to a single radio multi-link device not only while frames are being exchanged in the first link but also until a predetermined time elapses from the completion of the frame exchange sequence of the single radio multi-link device It may not be allowed to perform transmission on a link other than the link.
- completion of the frame exchange sequence may be determined based on reception or transmission of the last frame of the frame exchange sequence.
- the frame exchange sequence may be performed in a link in which a plurality of RF chains are available. Specifically, the frame exchange sequence may be performed using MIMO.
- the predetermined time may be determined based on the required time for changing the RF chain. Specifically, the predetermined time may be the required time for changing the RF chain.
- the EMLSR mode of the multi-link device When the EMLSR mode of the multi-link device is activated, transmission and reception are possible only on a specific link among a plurality of links to which the EMLSR mode of the multi-link device is applied in a specific time interval. In addition, when the EMLMR mode of the multi-link device is activated, transmission and reception are possible only on a specific link among a plurality of links to which the EMLMR mode of the corresponding multi-link device is applied in a specific time period. Also, as described above, the RF chain may be reset when the EMLSR mode or the transmission, reception, or monitoring capability of a link to which the EMLMR mode is applied is changed.
- the EMLMR link or the EMLSR link may be limited to link switching, for example, a link in which an RF chain is reconfigured.
- the predetermined time may be a delay time for link switching.
- link switching may indicate an operation for restoring monitoring capability in a link that has lost monitoring capability.
- the predetermined time may be set based on a required time for link switching, eg, RF chain change. For this operation, a station or a multi-link device performing frame exchange with a multi-link device must be able to determine a link switching time point.
- the station or multi-link device may determine the end time of the EMLMR mode or the EMLSR mode, but in the following description of the method for determining the end time, the station is described as a subject for convenience of explanation.
- the EMLMR mode and the EMLSR mode are collectively referred to as the EML mode.
- the EMLMR link and the EMLSR link are collectively referred to as an EML link.
- the station may set a timer for frame exchange end time in a second link, which is one of the EML links. For convenience of description, this timer is collectively referred to as an end time timer.
- the station may set an end time timer based on the Duration/ID field of the frame received from the multi-link device entering the EML mode.
- the station may determine when the end time timer expires as the end time of frame exchange corresponding to the timer.
- a multi-link device to which the EML mode is applied may also set a timer for an end point. In this case, the multi-link device may synchronize the end time timer of the station with the end time timer.
- the multi-link device may set an end time timer based on the Duration/ID field of the frame received from the AP.
- the end time of frame exchange may be the time when frame exchange is completed in the EML mode.
- the end time of frame exchange may be the end time of TXOP set to protect frame exchange in EMLMR mode or EMLSR mode.
- the station may determine the end time of the TXOP set for the exchanged frame as the frame exchange end time.
- the termination of the TXOP may include a case where the TXOP is terminated because a new backoff procedure must be invoked before the TXOP is completed. If neither the TXOP holder nor the TOXP responder occupy the channel during (aSIFSTime + aSlotTime) within the TXOP, a new backoff procedure shall be initiated.
- aSIFSTime represents SIFS defined by 802.11, that is, 16us
- aSlotTime represents unit time for channel sensing in EDCA and DCF, that is, 9us.
- the station may determine, as the frame exchange end point, when the authority indicated by the Duration/ID field of the frame transmitted on the EML link has elapsed.
- the station may determine the end of frame exchange when it is detected that the corresponding link is idle for a certain period of time after transmitting a response frame to the multi-link device in the EML link where frame exchange is performed in the EML mode.
- a station may receive a frame that does not require an immediate response frame from a multi-link device. At this time, the station does not transmit a response frame. Therefore, the station determines the end of frame exchange from the time when the station receives a frame not requesting a response frame from the multi-link device in the EML link where frame exchange is performed in the EML mode and when the corresponding link is detected to be idle for a certain period of time.
- the station when the station receives a frame requesting a response frame, the station transmits the response frame to the multi-link device in the EML link where frame exchange is performed in the EML mode, and when it is detected that the corresponding link is idle for a certain period of time may be determined as the frame exchange end point.
- the certain period of time may be PIFS + aRXPHYStartDelay.
- PIFS can be aSIFSTime + aSlotTime.
- aRXPHYStartDelay may be a delay time related to the time required from when the PHY initiates the Rx operation until the MAC recognizes the fact.
- the station may determine the time when the response frame is transmitted as the time when the PHY-TXEND.confirm primitive for the response frame is generated. Also, a time when the station receives a frame not requesting a response frame may be a time when the PHY-RXEND.indication primitive is generated.
- the multi-link device in EML mode must successfully receive the Tigger frame or TRS Control field included in the PPDU to perform Ack response. If the multi-link device in the EML mode does not successfully receive the Trigger frame or the TRS Control field, the multi-link device does not transmit a response even if it receives a frame requesting a response frame. At this time, if the station does not retransmit the frame requesting an immediate response, the TXOP is terminated.
- the AP multi-link device transmits an initial control frame to the multi-link device to which the EML mode was applied during the RF switching change time of the multi-link device to which the EML mode was applied from the TXOP time set to protect the frame exchanged in the EML mode. Not allowed. That is, the AP multi-link device sends an initial control frame to the multi-link device to which the EML mode was applied after the time required for RF switching change of the multi-link device to which the EML mode was applied from the TXOP time set to protect the frames exchanged in the EML mode. can transmit
- the station may determine the frame exchange end time when the CF-End frame is received in the EML link in which frame exchange is performed in the EML mode. In this case, the station may determine that the CF-End frame has been received at the time when the PHY-RXSTART.indication primitive is generated due to the CF-End frame. In another specific embodiment, the station may determine that the CF-End frame is received when the PHY-RXEND.indication primitive is generated due to the CF-End frame. In another specific embodiment, the station may determine the frame exchange end time before aSIFSTime from the time when the CF-End frame is received.
- the station may determine that the CF-End frame is received at the time when the PHY-RXSTART.indication primitive is generated due to the CF-End frame. In another specific embodiment, the station may determine that the CF-End frame is received when the PHY-RXEND.indication primitive is generated due to the CF-End frame.
- the station can set an end time timer.
- the station may reset the end time timer, i.e., set it to zero.
- the station may set the end time timer to a value smaller than zero.
- a value smaller than 0 may be a time corresponding to the transmission time (air time) of the CF-End frame.
- a station that intends to perform frame exchange with a multi-link device to which the EML mode is applied may start a new frame exchange immediately upon receiving the CF-End frame.
- the transmission restriction due to link switching described above may be applied only to a link that has lost transmission, reception, or monitoring capability in EML mode, for example, a link in which frame exchange is not performed in EMLSR mode. That is, the transmission restriction due to link switching may not be applied to a link in the EML mode that does not lose transmission, reception, or monitoring capability in the EML mode, for example, a link in which frame exchange is performed in the EMLSR mode.
- the EML link is a first link and a second link
- frame exchange is performed in the first link in the EML mode, and frame exchange in the first link is terminated
- transmission restriction may be applied only to the second link.
- transmission restriction may not be applied to the first link.
- the multi-link device that has performed link switching is a link that has lost transmission, reception, or monitoring capability in EML mode within a predetermined time from the end of frame exchange, for example, a link in which frame exchange is not performed in EMLSR mode. monitoring may need to be restored.
- a station for example, an AP of an AP multi-link device, may transmit, receive, or monitor in EML mode after a predetermined time from the end of frame exchange, for example, an EML link in which frame exchange is not performed in EMLSR mode. It is possible to start frame exchange for the multi-link device to which is applied.
- a station to which the EML mode is applied may transmit a frame indicating the end of frame exchange.
- the frame representing the end of frame exchange may be a CF-End frame.
- a station that has completed frame exchange in the EML mode may transmit a CF-End frame before a TXOP configured for frame exchange is terminated.
- the multi-link device receiving the CF-End frame may determine that the multi-link device transmitting the CF-End frame has completed frame exchange in the EMLSR mode or the EMLMR mode. Through this, frame exchange in a link where transmission and reception are restricted due to link switching can be accelerated.
- a station intending to transmit to a single radio multi-link device in a frame exchange sequence immediately after an RF chain is changed transmits first in a frame exchange sequence based on a time required for RF chain change of a single radio multi-link device.
- the format of the PPDU can be determined.
- the padding length used for PPDU transmission may be determined. In this case, the padding may be either physical layer padding or MAC layer padding.
- the station sets the padding of a packet transmitted to a single radio multi-link device having a relatively short RF chain change time to be shorter than the padding of a packet transmitted to a single radio multi-link device having a relatively long time required to change an RF chain.
- padding may be inserted into an initial control frame, which is a control frame transmitted first in EMLSR mode frame exchange.
- the padding duration may be determined based on the time required for link switching.
- the multi-link device may insert a length of padding equal to or longer than the length of padding corresponding to a time equal to or greater than the difference between the time required for link switching and (2x SIFS + CTS_time) in the initial control frame.
- CTS_time represents the time (air time) required to transmit the CTS frame. That is, the multi-link device may insert padding having a length equal to or longer than the padding length corresponding to the time obtained by subtracting (2x SIFS + CTS_time) from the link switching time in the initial control frame.
- the multi-link device may insert a length of padding equal to or longer than the padding length corresponding to a time equal to or greater than the difference between the time required for link switching and the SIFS in the initial control frame.
- the multi-link device may insert a padding length equal to or longer than the padding length corresponding to the time obtained by subtracting the SIFS from the link switching time into the initial control frame.
- the multi-link device supporting the EMLSR mode may signal the padding duration of the initial control frame to the other multi-link device.
- the multi-link device supporting the EMLSR mode may signal the padding length of the initial control frame instead of the time required for link switching.
- the counterpart multi-link device may insert padding corresponding to a time longer than the signaled padding length into the initial control frame.
- the counterpart multi-link device may insert padding having a signaled padding length into the initial control frame.
- the multi-link device can secure time to set up the RF chain.
- a single radio multi-link device transmits a PPDU using MIMO.
- a station that intends to perform MIMO transmission for a single radio multi-link device may start an RTS frame/CTS frame exchange at transmission start after changing an RF chain. At this time, the RTS frame can secure time for the RF chain to change and protect frame exchange thereafter. If it is determined that the RF chain change is not completed even after RTS frame/CTS frame exchange, a station attempting to perform MIMO transmission for a single radio multi-link device may not perform MIMO transmission. At this time, a station that intends to perform MIMO transmission for a single radio multi-link device may perform transmission using a single spatial stream.
- a single radio multi-link device When a single radio multi-link device performs transmission or reception on any one link, the single radio multi-link device cannot perform transmission or reception on a link other than the corresponding link. Accordingly, when a single radio multi-link device performs transmission or reception on any one link, a station operating on a link different from the corresponding link can be viewed as a blind state. Therefore, when a single radio multi-link device performs transmission or reception on any one link, an AP that intends to transmit to the single radio multi-link device may not transmit to a station operating on a link different from the corresponding link. At this time, an AP that intends to transmit to a single radio multi-link device may stop transmitting to a station operating on a link different from the corresponding link.
- an AP that transmits to a station of the single radio multi-link device or stops transmission is the CW of the backoff procedure used for channel access for transmission. may not increase. Thereafter, when the single radio multi-link device attempts transmission to the corresponding station again, a backoff counter may be obtained in the previously used CW. Accordingly, when a station that performs or stops transmission to a station of a single radio multi-link device satisfies a predetermined condition, the CW of a backoff procedure used for channel access may not be increased.
- the predetermined condition may be that the station determines that any one of the stations of a single multi-link device performs transmission or reception according to the above-described embodiment.
- the station determines that any one of the stations of the single multi-link device performs transmission. can do. In this case, the station may determine the station transmitting the PPDU based on the identifier of the station transmitting the PPDU indicated by the signaling field of the PPDU. At this time, the station may determine which one of the stations of a single multi-link device is indicated by the STA-ID of the User field of the HE PPDU.
- the station may determine which one of the stations of a single multi-link device is indicated by the STA-ID of the User field of the EHT PPDU. In addition, the station may determine which one of the stations of a single multi-link device is indicated by the TA field of the MAC frame included in the PPDU.
- a MAC frame may be any one of MSDU, MPDU and A-MPDU. This may be similar to the embodiments applied to transmission for non-STR multi-link devices described above with reference to FIG. 19 .
- the CW described above may indicate the CW of an AC used for channel access.
- the station performing transmission to the other station of the single radio multi-link device Retry may not increment the counter.
- the retry counter may include at least one of a long retry counter and a short retry counter.
- the above-described embodiment of maintaining the size of the CW may not be applied.
- the station transmitting the MU PPDU increases the size of the CW. can make it
- the station transmitting the MU PPDU may increase the value of CW to the next larger value among possible values of the CW value.
- the station transmitting the MU PPDU may maintain the value of CW at the same value.
- the single radio multi-link device includes a first station (STA1) operating on a first link (Link 1) and a second station (STA2) operating on a second link (Link 2).
- STA1 To perform transmission to the first station (STA1) using MIMO, the station succeeds in channel access on the first link (Link 1) and transmits an RTS frame to the first station (STA1).
- the first station STA1 transmits the CTS frame in response to the RTS frame.
- the RF chain change of the single radio multi-link device is completed, and the PPDU is received using 2x2 MIMO.
- the single radio multi-link device changes the RF chain
- the second station STA2 waits as much as NAVSyncdelay from the time it changed the RF chain, and then the second link (Link 2 ) to start channel access.
- a single radio multi-link device may perform MIMO by changing a link in which an RF chain operates.
- a link in which an RF chain operates is changed, it is necessary to learn RF characteristics of the changed link before MIMO communication.
- a single radio multi-link device may perform channel estimation using an NDP sounding protocol.
- a beamformer transmits NDP announcement (NDPA) and then NDP.
- NDPA NDP announcement
- the interval between NDPA and NDP is SIFS.
- the station receiving the NDPA indicates the station in the NDPA's STA User Info list field
- the station receives the NDP and transmits channel state information (CSI) feedback measured when the NDP is received to the beamformer.
- CSI channel state information
- RTS frame/CTS frame exchange may be performed before the NDP sounding protocol is performed.
- a single radio multi-link device and a station that wants to start an NDP sounding protocol may transmit an RTS frame before transmitting an NDPA frame.
- NDP sounding protocol initiating stations a single radio multi-link device and a station that wants to start an NDP sounding protocol are referred to as NDP sounding protocol initiating stations.
- the NDP sounding protocol initiating station can protect the NDP sounding sequence.
- time required for changing the RF chain can be secured.
- the NDP sounding protocol initiating station may perform an exchange procedure with a MU-RTS frame/CTS frame instead of an RTS frame/CTS frame exchange procedure.
- the NDP sounding protocol initiating station may perform an exchange of a trigger frame of a different type from the MU-RTS frame and a response to the trigger frame instead of the MU-RTS frame/CTS frame exchange procedure.
- the NDP sounding protocol initiating station may transmit a MU-RTS frame, a trigger frame of a different type from the MU-RTS frame, and an NDPA frame in a pre-specified PPDU format.
- the pre-specified PPDU format may be at least one of a non-HT format and an HT format.
- the NDP sounding protocol initiating station may transmit a MU-RTS frame, a trigger frame of a different type from the MU-RTS frame, and an NDPA frame at a predetermined data rate or less.
- the NDP sounding protocol initiating station may adjust the length of the NDP sound sequence based on the required time for RF chain change.
- the NDP sounding protocol initiating station is a single radio multi-link device with a relatively short RF chain change time and a single radio multi-link device with a relatively longer RF chain change time than when exchanging NDP sounding sequences. When exchanging ding sequences, longer NDP sounding sequences can be used. In this case, the NDP sounding protocol initiating station may omit a part of the NDP sounding sequence to adjust the length of the NDP sounding sequence. In addition, the NDP sounding protocol initiating station may adjust the length of the NDP sounding sequence by adjusting the padding of frames exchanged in the NDP sounding sequence.
- the NDP sounding protocol initiating station may transmit an additional frame in the NDP sounding sequence to adjust the length of the NDP sounding sequence.
- the padding may be padding of the physical layer.
- the padding may be padding of a MAC layer. Therefore, in embodiments to be described later, padding may be physical layer padding or MAC layer padding.
- the NDP sounding protocol initiating station when the NDP sounding protocol initiating station performs the NDP sounding protocol with a plurality of single radio multi-link devices, the NDP sounding protocol initiating station has the longest time required for changing the RF chain of the plurality of single radio multi-link devices. Based on this, the length of the NDP sounding sequence can be adjusted. A method for adjusting the length of the NDP sounding sequence will be described with reference to FIGS. 40 to 42 .
- FIG. 40 shows that a station and a single radio multi-link device perform an NDP sounding process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the NDP sounding protocol initiating station may adjust the length of the NDP sounding sequence by adjusting the padding of frames exchanged in the NDP sounding sequence. If the NDP sounding sequence includes RTS frame/CT frame exchange, the NDP sounding protocol initiating station may adjust the length of the NDP sounding sequence by inserting padding into the RTS frame. Specifically, when the NDP sounding protocol initiating station determines that the RF chain change will not be completed even after RTS frame/CTS frame exchange, the NDP sounding protocol initiating station may insert padding into the RTS frame.
- the NDP sounding protocol initiating station may transmit the MU-RTS frame instead of the RTS frame. In this case, the NDP sounding protocol initiating station may insert padding into the MU-RTS frame.
- the NDP sounding protocol initiating station determines that the RF chain change is not completed after a time elapsed by adding 2 X SIFS to the length of the CTS frame from the time when the RTS frame reception of the single radio multi-link device is completed. It can be determined whether the RF chain change cannot be completed even after the /CTS frame exchange.
- the completion time of RTS reception is the time when transmission of the PPDU including the RTS frame is started, the time when the physical layer header of the PPDU of the RTS frame is completed, the time when the transmission of the PPDU including the RTS frame is completed, the RTS frame or the A containing the RTS frame - It may be one of the transmission completion points of the MPDU.
- the MU-RTS frame may be applied instead of the RTS frame.
- 40(a) shows exchange of an NDPA frame, an NDP frame, and a feedback frame after the exchange of the RTS frame/CTS frame according to the above-described embodiment.
- the NDP sounding protocol initiating station performs MIMO transmission based on the received feedback frame.
- the NDP sounding protocol initiating station may omit NDPA frame transmission in the NDP sounding sequence.
- the NDP sounding protocol initiating station and the single radio multi-link device may negotiate to perform the NDP sounding protocol without transmitting the NDPA frame.
- a station of a single radio multi-link device may wait for NDP reception without receiving a NAPA frame.
- a station of a single radio multi-link device may signal that it can receive NDP without NDPA reception using a capability element.
- a station of a single radio multi-link device may signal that it can receive an NDP frame without receiving an NDPA frame by setting the NDPA compression support subfield of the Capability element to 1.
- the station of the radio multi-link device may signal that it cannot receive the NDP frame without receiving the NDPA frame by setting the NDPA compression support subfield of the Capability element to 0.
- the NDP sounding protocol initiating station may decide to skip NDPA frame transmission.
- the NDP sounding protocol initiating station may omit NDPA frame transmission in the NDP sounding sequence performed to the single radio multi-link device receiving that it can receive the NDP frame without receiving the NDPA frame.
- the embodiment of omitting the NDPA frame transmission in the NDP sounding sequence can be applied only when the NDP sounding protocol initiating station transmits the NDP to one station.
- the NDP sounding sequence since the NDP sounding sequence includes exchanging control frames before exchanging NDPA frames, NDP frames, and feedback frames, excessive overhead may occur. In addition, even if NDPA transmission is omitted, excessive overhead may occur. An implicit feedback beamforming sounding sequence may be performed to reduce excessive overhead. This will be described with reference to FIG. 41 .
- 41 shows that a station and a single radio multi-link device perform a feedback beamforming sounding sequence according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a frame exchange initiating station initiating a frame exchange may omit not only NDPA frame transmission, but also NDP frame transmission and feedback frame transmission.
- the frame exchange initiating station may receive a control frame, eg, an RTS frame, a MU-RTS frame, a PPDU including a response to a trigger frame of a different type from the MU-RTS frame, and measure a channel state.
- the frame exchange initiating station may obtain a steering matrix to be used for MIMO transmission based on the measured channel state.
- the frame exchange initiating station may obtain a steering matrix based on the measured channel state.
- the frame exchange initiating station may perform MIMO transmission using the acquired steering matrix.
- the frame exchange initiating station may insert padding into the control frame based on the RF chain change required time as described above. Specifically, the frame exchange initiating station may insert padding into the control frame based on a value obtained by subtracting SIFS from the required time for changing the RF chain.
- the frame exchange initiating station may transmit a QoS data frame instead of a control frame.
- a single radio multi-link device may transmit an Ack frame or a Block Ack frame in response to the QoS data frame.
- the frame exchange initiating station may set TRQ (training request) bits of the control frame and the QoS data frame to 1.
- the receiver of the control frame may be set to one station even in a control frame capable of setting a plurality of stations as receivers, such as a control frame, for example, a MU-RTS frame.
- the frame exchange initiating station sets the TRQ field to 1 and transmits the MU-RTS frame.
- the frame exchange initiating station transmits the PPDU including the MU-RTS frame
- the frame switching initiating station receives the PPDU including the CTS frame as a response to the MU-RTS frame and measures the channel state.
- the frame exchange initiating station obtains a steering matrix based on the obtained channel state, and performs MIMO transmission using the acquired steering matrix.
- the frame exchange initiating station transmits the RTS frame instead of the MU-RTS frame. This may be a case where the RF chain required time is shorter than SIFS.
- the frame exchange initiating station and the station of the single radio multi-link device operate in the same manner as in the embodiment of FIG. 41 (a).
- the station of the single radio multi-link device transmits the BA frame through single input single output (SISO).
- the last frame exchange may be performed by single input single output (SISO) (1x1).
- SISO single input single output
- a station of a single radio multi-link device may transmit the last frame of a frame exchange sequence performed immediately after changing an RF chain to SISO(1x1).
- the station of the single radio multi-link device may change the RF chain.
- a station of a single radio multi-link device may start changing an RF chain before transmitting the last frame of a frame exchange sequence performed immediately after changing an RF chain.
- the NDP sounding protocol initiating station may determine the MIMO transmission start time based on the required time for RF chain change of a single radio multi-link device. Specifically, the NDP sounding protocol initiating station may delay the start time of MIMO transmission to the time when the RF chain change of the single radio multi-link device is completed. For example, if the RF chain change is not completed while the control frame/response frame to the control frame, e.g., RTS frame/CTS frame or MU-RTS frame/CTS frame exchange is performed, the NDP sounding protocol initiating station transmits MIMO Startup can be delayed. Specifically, the NDP sounding protocol initiating station may transmit the first PPDU transmitted after the response to the control frame/control frame using SISO.
- the NDP sounding protocol initiating station determines whether the RF chain change is completed during the exchange of the control frame/response frame for the control frame based on the time required for the RF chain change indicated by the capability element transmitted by the single radio multi-link device. can do.
- a station that has performed a frame exchange sequence in a link in which the use of multiple RF chains is supported may transmit frames remaining in the corresponding frame exchange sequence using SISO.
- a station that performs a frame exchange sequence in a link supporting the use of a plurality of RF chains is referred to as a frame exchange sequence performing station. That is, when a single radio multi-link device transmits using SISO, a station performing a frame exchange sequence may not be allowed to transmit frames remaining in the corresponding frame exchange sequence using MIMO.
- the station performing a frame exchange sequence may transmit frames remaining in the corresponding frame exchange sequence using SISO.
- the ACK may include an ACK frame and a BA frame. Accordingly, when a single radio multi-link device transmits an ACK for transmission of a station performing a frame exchange sequence using SISO, the station performing a frame exchange sequence cannot transmit frames remaining in the corresponding frame exchange sequence using MIMO.
- the RF chain change of a single radio multi-link device is not completed even during exchange of the RTS frame and the CTS frame. Therefore, in the embodiment of FIG. 42(a), after exchanging the RTS frame and the CTS frame, SISO is used even for transmission of the PPDU and BA frame.
- SISO is used even for transmission of the PPDU and BA frame.
- the NDP sounding protocol initiating station receives the ACK frame, it determines that the change of the RF chain is completed. At this time, the NDP sounding protocol initiating station initiates the sounding protocol using MIMO (2x2).
- SISO is used even for PPDU transmission after exchanging the RTS frame and the CTS frame. Since the RF chain change is completed after receiving the PPDU, the first station (STA1) of the single radio multi-link device transmits the BA frame using MIMO (2x2). Since the first station (STA1) of the single radio multi-link device transmits the BA frame using MIMO (2x2), the NDP sounding protocol initiating station determines that MIMO (2x2) transmission is permitted. Therefore, after the NDP sounding protocol initiating station receives the BA frame transmitted using MIMO (2x2), the NDP sounding protocol initiating station transmits the PPDU using MIMO (2x2).
- EDCA has been introduced to solve this problem.
- a station supporting EDCA is referred to as a QoS station
- an AP supporting EDCA is referred to as a QoS AP
- a BSS supporting EDCA is referred to as a QoS BSS.
- a QoS AP is referred to as an AP
- a QoS station as a station
- a QoS BSS as a BSS.
- ACs access categories
- the four ACs are AC_VO (AC Voice), AC_VI (AC Video), AC_BE (AC Best Effort), and AC_BK (AC Background).
- the value of the parameter for CW is determined according to AC.
- the maximum value of TXOP may be determined according to AC.
- the value of the AIFSN parameter may be determined according to AC.
- AC_VO is an AC for traffic that does not have a large absolute amount of traffic, such as voice traffic, but is vulnerable to transmission delay, and relatively small CW parameter and AIFSN parameter values are mapped.
- the maximum value of TXOP of AC_VO has a relatively smaller value than the maximum value of TXOP of other ACs.
- AC_VI is more tolerant to transmission delay than voice traffic, but is an AC for video traffic that requires low-latency transmission and handles a large amount of traffic.
- parameters of CW that are larger than AC_VO but smaller than CW parameters and AIFSN parameters of other ACs and AIFSN parameter values are mapped.
- the maximum TXOP value of AC_VO is approximately twice as long as the maximum TXOP value of AC_VI.
- AC_BE is an AC for traffic tolerant of transmission delay, and most general traffic except for voice data and streaming video data can be classified as AC_BE.
- the CW parameter and AIFSN parameter of AC_BE are mapped with values greater than the CW parameter and AIFSN parameter of AC_VO and the CW parameter and AIFSN parameter of AC_VI.
- a separate maximum TXOP value is not mapped to AC_BE.
- AC_BE is not allowed to transmit using a continuous transmission sequence.
- AC_BK is traffic that is robust against transmission delay similarly to AC_BE, but is an AC for traffic that has a lower priority than BE traffic.
- AC_BK is mapped with the same CW parameter value as AC_BE, and a larger value than the AIFSN parameter of AC_BE is mapped with the AIFSN parameter value. In addition, a separate maximum TXOP value is not mapped to AC_BK. AC_BK is not allowed to transmit using a continuous transmission sequence.
- the four ACs described above are mapped to the UP (user-priority) of 802.1D, and the EDCA AC is determined according to the UP value of the traffic received over the wire or the TID of the MSDU indicated from the upper layer.
- the TID of the MSDU indicates a value of 0 to 7
- the value indicated by the TID may correspond to UP on a one-to-one basis.
- the default CW parameters (CWmin, CWmax), AIFSN parameter, and maximum TXOP of each of the four ACs are defined in the 802.11 standard.
- the AC's CW parameters (CWmin, CWmax), AIFSN parameters, and maximum TXOP values are changed by the AP so that different values may be used for each BSS.
- traffic is stored in the queue corresponding to the AC of the traffic among the four queues.
- Channel access competition is performed between the four ACs, and traffic of the AC winning the competition is transmitted.
- access parameters for each AC (CW[AC], AIFSN[AC]) are used. At this time, the channel access operation is the same as that of the DCF.
- transmission priority may be applied for each AC because the value of the channel access parameter for each AC is different.
- HCCA HVF controlled channel access
- HCCA provides a centralized/hybrid coordinator function to ensure TS (Traffic Stream) QoS of applications (such as Voice and Video) that need to be serviced periodically.
- TS Traffic Stream
- SPCA service period channel access
- DMG stations can be used.
- a QoS enhancement method for multi-link devices may be required. Independent transmission queues may be used for each link of a multi-link device. In this case, the queue may be logically independent. When traffic is mapped for each link, QoS of traffic can be strengthened. This will be described with reference to FIG. 44 .
- the AP multi-link device includes (affiliates) a first AP (AP1) to a fourth AP (AP4).
- the non-AP multi-link device includes a first station (non-AP STA1) to a fourth station (non-AP STA4).
- Each of the first station (non-AP STA1) to the fourth station (non-AP STA4) operates in a first link (Link1) to a fourth link (Link1).
- Each of the first AP (AP1) to the fourth AP (AP4) operates in a first link (Link1) to a fourth link (Link1).
- traffic is mapped for each AC to each of the first AP (AP1) to the fourth AP (AP4).
- AC_BK is mapped to the first AP (AP1)
- AC_BE is mapped to the second AP (AP2)
- AC_VI is mapped to the third AP (AP3)
- AC_VO is mapped to the fourth AP (AP4).
- traffic corresponding to AC_BK is transmitted through the first AP (AP1)
- traffic corresponding to AC_BE is transmitted through the second AP (AP2)
- traffic corresponding to AC_VI is transmitted through the third AP (AP3)
- traffic corresponding to AC_VO is transmitted through the fourth AP (AP4).
- Channel quality and load conditions of each link may be different.
- the performance and operating bandwidth of each station may be different. Accordingly, the bandwidth and MCS of a PPDU including traffic may vary depending on which traffic is mapped to which link by the multi-link device.
- the first AP (AP1) of the AP multi-link device (AP MLD) when the first AP (AP1) operates in a 2.4 GHz band, the first AP (AP1) may operate an operating channel of 40 MHz.
- the fourth AP (AP4) When the fourth AP (AP4) operates in a 6 GHz band, the fourth AP (AP4) may operate an operating channel of up to 320 MHz.
- the AP multi-link device (AP MLD) may map traffic requiring high throughput and low-latency transmission to the fourth AP (AP4).
- a multi-link device may map traffic to each of a plurality of links in consideration of traffic characteristics. Through this, QoS of traffic transmission can be strengthened.
- a TID is mapped to each link, and transmission of traffic corresponding to the TID mapped to the corresponding link in each link may be prioritized. This will be described with reference to FIG. 45 .
- Traffic transmitted in WLAN is identified by TID.
- a MAC frame such as a data frame or a QoS data frame, signals the TID of traffic included in the MAC frame through the TID service field.
- the QoS control field may include a TID service field.
- the TID identifies the traffic included in the MSDU or fragment or A-MSDU of the MAC frame.
- the TID corresponds to user priorities (UP) or traffic stream identifier (TSID).
- the TID service field is a total 4-bit field and can represent values from 0 to 15. When the value of the TID subfield is any one of 0 to 7, the value of the TID subfield represents the UP of the MSDU included in the frame body of the MAC frame including the TID subfield.
- a MAC frame is processed by a MAC entity using AC parameters corresponding to UP according to EDCA.
- the value of the TID subfield is any one of 8 to 15
- the value of the TID subfield indicates the TSID of the MSDU included in the frame body of the MAC frame including the TID subfield.
- the MAC frame is processed by the MAC entity using the parameter corresponding to the UP of the TSID indicated in the User Priority service field of the TS Info field of TSPEC.
- TSID UP may be indicated through the User Priority field of TCLAS.
- the Access Policy of TSID is indicated by the Access Policy field of the TS Info subfield. If the 7th and 8th bits of the Access Policy subfield are 10 b , they represent EDCA, and if they are 11 b , they represent HCCA.
- the multi-link device maps the TID of the TS to the link, the UP of the TS and the alternate queue to be used for transmission of the TS (Alternate information about the queue) can be obtained.
- the multi-link device may use information about the UP and replacement queue acquired when transmitting traffic corresponding to the TID of the TS.
- a TID may be mapped to each of a plurality of links in which the multi-link device operates.
- the multi-link device may signal information about the TID mapped to each link to the multi-link device associated with the multi-link device.
- the multi-link device receiving the signaling may accept or reject the TID and link mapping. If an agreement on mapping between TIDs and links is not established, frame exchange may be performed without TID restrictions in each link. In another specific embodiment, when an agreement on mapping between TIDs and links is not established, frame exchange may be performed according to a default mapping between TIDs and links in each link.
- a multi-link device When a multi-link device maps TIDs to links, the multi-link device may have to map all TIDs to one or more links.
- a multi-link device transmits a frame including traffic corresponding to a TID mapped to a corresponding link in a link, and transmission of a frame including traffic corresponding to a TID not mapped to a corresponding link may not be allowed. there is.
- Mapping between TID and link may be performed for each multi-link device.
- mapping between TIDs and links may be mapped per transmission direction. For example, a TID mapped to an uplink may be different from a TID mapped to a downlink in one link.
- the first multi-link device maps TID values 0 to 3 to the first link and the second multi-link device maps the first link to the first link.
- TID values 4 to 7 can be mapped to the link.
- mapping between TID and link may be replaced with mapping between AC and link, mapping between UP and link, mapping between TC and link, or mapping between TS and link.
- the remaining TID values not explicitly indicated in the mapping between the TID and the link may be mapped to the remaining links. For example, when it is signaled that TID values 0 to 3 are mapped to a first link, the remaining TID values excluding TID values 0 to 3 may be mapped to a second link. In another specific embodiment, transmission of traffic corresponding to all TIDs may be permitted in the second link.
- the mapping between the TID and the link may be changed during operation as well as initially connected between the multi-link devices.
- the multi-link device may change a mapping between a TID and a link.
- the multi-link device may disconnect the station when a station of a specific link enters a power saving mode.
- the multi-link device may request a mapping change between a TID and a link from a counterpart multi-link device. For example, when TID values 0 to 3 are mapped to the first link, the non-AP multi-link device may request the AP multi-link device to map TID values 0 to 3 to the second link.
- the multi-link device may request a mapping change between a TID and a link from a counterpart multi-link device.
- the multi-link device when the multi-link device rejects the TID-to-link mapping request, the multi-link device that has transmitted the TID-to-link mapping request re-requests the same TID-to-link mapping as the previously requested TID-to-link mapping. Doing may be limited for a pre-determined amount of time. This is to prevent repeated TID and link mapping requests.
- the pre-designated time may be a time indicated by the AP.
- the AP multi-link device may signal a pre-specified time through a BSS operating parameter.
- a multi-link device may signal mapping between TID and link using a TID-to-Link Mapping element.
- the TID-to-Link Mapping element may include a Link ID field.
- the Link ID field indicates a link signaling a TID-to-Link Mapping element.
- the TIDs Info field represents information on TIDs mapped to the link indicated by the Link ID field.
- the TIDs Info field may include a field indicating a value of a TID mapped to a link indicated by the Link ID field.
- the TIDs Info field may include a bitmap indicating values of TIDs mapped to the link indicated by the Link ID field. In this case, each bit of the bitmap is mapped to a specific TID, and when the bit is set to 1, it may indicate that the TID corresponding to the corresponding bit is mapped to the link indicated by the Link ID field.
- the AP multi-link device plans to transmit traffic having TIDs 0 to 3 on the first link (Link1) among the traffic to be transmitted to the non-AP multi-link device (non-AP MLD).
- the AP multi-link device maps TID values 0 to 3 to the first link (Link1) using a TID-to-Link Mapping element to the non-AP multi-link device (non-AP MLD), and It signals that TID values 4 to 7 are mapped to the link (Link2).
- the TID-to-Link Mapping element includes two Link ID fields indicating a first link and a second link, respectively, and two fields indicating TID information mapped to the first link and information mapped to the second link, respectively.
- the TIDs Info field may include 7 bits indicating TIDs 0 to 7, respectively.
- 8 bits of the TIDs info subfield may be set to 11110000 b to indicate TIDs 0 to 3
- 8 bits of the TIDs info subfield may be set to 00001111 b to indicate TIDs 4 to 7.
- the TIDs Info field may include a Min TID field and a Max TID field.
- the Min TID field indicates a minimum value among TIDs mapped to a link corresponding to the TIDs Info field
- the Max TID field indicates a maximum value among TIDs mapped to a link corresponding to the TIDs Info field.
- Each of the Min TID field and Max TID field may be a 3-bit or 4-bit field. For example, when each of the Min TID field and the Max TID field is 3 bits and the TIDs Info field indicates 0 to 3, the Min TID field may be set to 000 and the Max TID field may be set to 011 b .
- the TID-to-Link Mapping element signals only the TID mapped to the first link, and the TID mapped to the second link may be implicitly signaled. Specifically, since the TID-to-Link Mapping element explicitly signals that TIDs from 0 to 7 are mapped to the first link, the TID-to-Link Mapping element implicitly signals that the remaining TIDs are mapped to the second link.
- a non-AP multi-link device accepts mapping between a link and a TID indicated by the TID-to-Link Mapping element.
- the multi-link device can transmit traffic by differentiating ACs according to EDCA. For example, when a TID corresponding to AC_VO and a TID corresponding to AC_BK are mapped to the first link, the multi-link device may preferentially transmit traffic corresponding to AC_VO over traffic corresponding to AC_BK according to EDCA. In addition, all TIDs must be mapped to at least one link, and a multi-link device may not allow a mapping request between a link and a TID that is not mapped to any link for any one TID.
- TID and link As described above, if a separate mapping between TID and link is not set, the default mapping between TID and link is applied. In the embodiment of FIG. 46, all TIDs and TSIDs are mapped to links in the basic mapping between TIDs and links.
- a multi-link device to which the EML mode is applied may not be allowed to perform TID-to-link mapping.
- Basic mapping between TID and link may be applied to a multi-link device to which the EML mode is applied.
- the multi-link device to which the EML mode is applied cannot perform negotiation for mapping between TID and link.
- the counterpart multi-link device may reject the TID-link mapping request.
- the counterpart multi-link device may not transmit a response to the TID-link mapping request.
- the multi-link device to which the EML mode is applied may not perform TID-to-link mapping only for the EML link. Accordingly, even a multi-link device to which the EML mode is applied may perform TID-to-link mapping on a link to which the EML mode is not applied.
- the basic mapping between the TID and the link is applied to the EML link among the links in which the multi-link device operates.
- basic mapping between the TID and the link may be performed without separate negotiation.
- the multi-link device connected to the multi-link device in which the EML mode is activated may also apply basic mapping between the TID and the link to the EML link.
- the multi-link device may perform association again to activate the EML mode. At this time, the multi-link device may initialize information for link operation. At this time, the multi-link device may initialize mapping between links and TIDs.
- the AP multi-link device includes (affiliates) a first AP (AP1) and a second AP (AP2)
- the non-AP multi-link device includes a first station (STA1). ) and the second station STA2.
- a first AP (AP1) and a first station (STA1) operate on a first link (Link1)
- a second AP (AP2) and a second station (STA2) operate on a second link (Link2).
- the AP multi-link device (AP MLD) and the non-AP multi-link device (STA MLD) map TID values 0 to 3 to the first link (Link1) and TID values 4 to 7 to the second link (Link2). do.
- the EMLSR mode is activated in the non-AP multi-link device (STA MLD), and the EMLSR mode is applied to both the first link (Link1) and the second link (Link2).
- the AP multi-link device (AP MLD) and the non-AP multi-link device (STA MLD) apply basic mapping between TIDs and links. That is, the AP multi-link device (AP MLD) and the non-AP multi-link device (STA MLD) map TID values 0 to 7 to the first link (Link1) and TID values 0 to 7 to the second link (Link2). map up to
- the non-AP multi-link device (STA MLD) may transmit a (Re)Association Request frame to activate the EMLSR mode.
- the (Re)Association Request frame may include a Multi-Link element.
- the Multi-Link element will be described with reference to FIG. 48 .
- FIG. 48 shows a format of a Multi-Link element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the (Re)Association Request frame transmitted by the non-AP multi-link device to activate the EMLSR mode may include a Multi-Link element.
- the non-AP multi-link device may set the EMLSR mode subfield of the Common Info field of the Multi-Link element to 1.
- the Common Info field of the Multi-Link element may be in a Basic variant format.
- the AP multi-link device can recognize that the non-AP multi-link device intends to activate the EMLSR mode.
- the AP multi-link device and the non-AP multi-link device may activate the EMLSR mode.
- mapping settings between TIDs and links will be described.
- the mapping between the TID and the link used before the EML mode is activated can be applied again.
- the multi-link device may not perform mapping negotiation between the TID and the link again.
- the AP multi-link device includes (affiliates) a first AP (AP1) and a second AP (AP2)
- the non-AP multi-link device includes a first station (STA1). ) and the second station STA2.
- the EMLSR mode is activated in the non-AP multi-link device (STA MLD), and the EMLSR mode is applied to both the first link (Link1) and the second link (Link2).
- a first AP (AP1) and a first station (STA1) operate on a first link (Link1)
- a second AP (AP2) and a second station (STA2) operate on a second link (Link2).
- An AP multi-link device (AP MLD) and a non-AP multi-link device (STA MLD) apply a default mapping between TID and link. That is, the AP multi-link device (AP MLD) and the non-AP multi-link device (STA MLD) map TID values 0 to 7 to the first link (Link1) and TID values 0 to 7 to the second link (Link2). map up to The EMLSR mode is deactivated in the non-AP multi-link device (STA MLD).
- the AP multi-link device (AP MLD) and the non-AP multi-link device (STA MLD) apply the mapping between the TID and the link that was applied before the EMLSR mode was activated to the first link (Link1) and the second link (Link2). do. That is, the AP multi-link device (AP MLD) and the non-AP multi-link device (STA MLD) map TID values 0 to 3 to the first link (Link1) and TID values 4 to 7 to the second link (Link2). map up
- the AP multi-link device may transmit an initial control frame to perform transmission to the multi-link device in which the EML mode is activated.
- the initial control frame may be a MU-RTS frame or a trigger frame of another variant.
- a trigger frame of another variant may be an ML-RTS frame, which is an RTS frame for multi-link.
- a non-AP multi-link device receiving a trigger frame of a different variant may transmit a response frame to the trigger frame of a different variant.
- the initial control frame may be a buffer status report poll (BSRP) trigger frame.
- the non-AP multi-link device receiving the BSRP trigger frame may transmit the BSR frame as a response frame.
- BSRP buffer status report poll
- the non-AP multi-link device may set the length of the initial control frame based on the type of the initial control frame.
- the padding may be to secure time for resetting the RF chain as described above.
- the MU-RTS frame may include padding that is equal to or longer than the time of (RF switching latency - SIFS - CTStime - SIFS).
- the BSRP trigger frame may include padding equal to or longer than the time of (RF switching latency - SIFS - BSRtime - SIFS).
- BSRtime may be a required transmission time of the BSR frame, for example, airtime.
- BSRtime may be a value determined on the assumption that the BSR frame is transmitted at a specific data rate.
- the non-AP multi-link device may determine the padding length of the trigger frame based on the value of the UL Length subfield of the Common Info field of the trigger frame. This is because the station receiving the trigger frame determines the length of the PPDU including the response frame for the trigger frame based on the value of the UL Length subfield of the Common Info field.
- the non-AP multi-link device may include padding corresponding to a time equal to or longer than (RF switching latency - SIFS - UL length (response frame length) indicated through the Trigger frame - SIFS) in trigger inclusion.
- the initial control frame is a BSRP trigger frame
- the non-AP multi-link device may determine the padding length of the BSRP trigger frame based on the value of the UL Length subfield of the Common Info field of the BSRP trigger frame.
- the multi-link device to which the EML mode is applied may signal the required time for changing the RF chain.
- the AP multi-link device may determine the padding length of the initial control frame based on the signaled RF chain change time.
- the AP multi-link device may include padding corresponding to a time equal to or longer than the signaled RF chain change time in the initial control frame.
- the multi-link device to which the EML mode is applied may signal the padding length of the initial control frame. This will be described with reference to FIG. 50 .
- 50 shows a Multi-Link element signaling information about the padding length of an initial control frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the AP multi-link device may determine the padding length of the initial control frame according to the signaled padding length.
- the AP multi-link device may include a length of padding equal to or longer than the length of the signaled padding in the initial control frame.
- the padding length may be signaled for each type of trigger frame.
- the signaled length of padding may be the length of padding to be included in the MU-RTS frame.
- the AP multi-link device when the AP multi-link device transmits an initial control frame other than the MU-RTS frame, for example, a BSRP trigger frame, the AP multi-link device may include padding of a length other than the length of the signaled padding in the initial control frame. there is.
- the AP multi-link device may determine the padding length of the initial control frame based on the difference between the transmission time (airtime) of the CTS frame and the transmission time (airtime) of the response frame for the initial control frame and the signaled padding length. there is.
- the AP multi-link device adds a padding length equal to or longer than the sum of the padding length corresponding to (CTStime-transmission time (airtime) of the response frame for the initial control frame) to the length of the signaled padding in the initial control frame. can be inserted.
- the AP multi-link device may inversely calculate the required time for RF chain change based on the length of the signaled padding.
- the AP multi-link device may determine the length of padding to be included in the initial control frame according to the inversely calculated time required for changing the RF chain. This is because the length of the signaled padding is a value determined based on the required time for RF chain change.
- the Multi-Link element includes an EMLSR Delay field indicating the padding length of the initial control frame.
- transmission, reception, or monitoring capabilities may be lost in some of the EML links due to link switching performed in the EML mode.
- monitoring may include at least one of CCA and PD (preamble detection).
- the multi-link device may not perform transmission, reception, or monitoring on the corresponding link for a predetermined time from the point of link switching.
- the predetermined time may be determined based on the time required for link switching of the multi-link device in which the EML mode is activated In a specific embodiment, the predetermined time is a time interval in which the RF chain of the multi-link device in which the EML mode is activated is changed
- a multi-link device supporting the EML mode and a station exchanging frames on the EML link may manage TXOP considering the frame exchange of the multi-link device in the EML mode.
- a multi-link device that performs a multi-link device may also manage TXOP in an EML link in consideration of frame exchange of the multi-link device in EML mode, which will be described with reference to FIG.
- a multi-link device terminates TXOP in a link in which frame exchange is performed in EMLSR mode in consideration of a DTIM beacon received in an EMLSR link in which frame exchange is not performed in EMLSR mode.
- transmission, reception, or monitoring capabilities may be lost in some of the EML links due to link switching performed in the EML mode.
- the multi-link device cannot perform transmission, reception, and monitoring on the other links of the EMLSR links.
- the monitoring may include at least one of CCA and PD (preamble detection).
- the multi-link device performs link switching to restore transmission, reception or monitoring capability on the link, it is pre-specified from the start point of link switching.
- the multi-link device may not perform transmission, reception, and monitoring in the corresponding link.
- the predetermined time may be a delay time for link switching.
- the predetermined time is a multi-link supporting EML mode.
- a station that exchanges frames in an EML link with a multi-link device supporting the EML mode may manage TXOP considering the frame exchange of the multi-link device in the EML mode.
- a multi-link device supporting the EML mode may also manage TXOP in the EML link in consideration of frame exchange of the multi-link device in the EML mode.
- the EML mode A station exchanging frames with a multi-link device or an EML-mode multi-link device is one of the EML links based on the reception time of a specific frame in the first link, and the corresponding frame is exchanged in the second link that exchanges frames. TXOP for can be terminated.
- a multi-link device in which the EML mode is activated is referred to as a multi-link device
- a station that exchanges frames with the multi-link device in which the EML mode is activated is referred to as a station.
- the station is a TXOP responder.
- the station is the TXOP holder.
- the TXOP of the second link may need to be terminated before the time by a predetermined time ahead of the time when the multi-link device tries to receive a specific frame in the first link.
- the predetermined time may be determined based on the link switching delay of the multi-link device. In detail, the predetermined time may be determined based on the required time for changing the RF chain of the multi-link device. In a specific embodiment, the predetermined time may be the required time for changing the RF chain of the multi-link device.
- the specific frame may be a periodically received frame. Specifically, the specific frame may be a beacon frame. In a specific embodiment, the specific frame may be a DTIM Beacon frame. Also, a time point at which a specific frame is to be received may be TBTT.
- the multi-link device or station may terminate the TXOP for the corresponding frame exchange in the second link where frame exchange is being performed in the EML mode based on the reception time of the specific frame in the first link.
- the station may terminate TXOP in the second link based on information indicating that the multi-link device is to receive a specific frame in the first link.
- information indicating that the multi-link device is to receive a specific frame in the first link may be signaled between the multi-link device and the station in an agreed manner.
- the information indicating that the multi-link device is to receive a specific frame in the first link may be information signaling that the beacon frame of the first link is a DTIM beacon frame.
- the station If the station is a TXOP holder and the beacon to be received on the first link is a DTIM beacon, the station terminates the TXOP on the second link based on information indicating that the multi-link device is scheduled to receive a specific frame on the first link.
- the multi-link device may not transmit a response frame to the initial control frame. Specifically, even if the multi-link device to which the EML mode is applied receives the initial control frame in the first link of the EML links, the multi-link device transmits a response frame to the initial control frame in order to receive a specific frame in the second link of the EML links. may not For example, even if a multi-link device to which the EML mode is applied receives an initial control frame on a first link of the EML links, the initial control frame is received before a predetermined time prior to receiving a specific frame on the second link of the EML links.
- the multi-link device may not transmit a response frame to the initial control frame in the first link.
- the initial control frame may be a MU-RTS frame, an ML-RTS frame, and a BSRP trigger frame as described above.
- the multi-link device may not transmit the CTS frame in response to the initial control frame. Through this, the multi-link device may reject frame exchange initiation. This is an exception to the fact that when a station receives a MU-RTS frame or an RTS frame in an existing WLAN operation, the station must transmit the CTS frame. Specifically, even if the multi-link device to which the EML mode is applied receives an initial control frame on the first link, which is one of the EML links, the multi-link device does not transmit a response frame to the initial control frame for frame exchange to be performed on the second link. may not be
- a non-AP multi-link device in which EMLSR is activated includes a first station (STA1) and a second station (STA2).
- a first station (STA1) operates on a first link (Link 1)
- a second station (STA2) operates on a second link (Link 2).
- the first link Link1 the first station STA1 receives the RTS frame from the first AP and transmits the CTS frame in response to the RTS frame.
- a first station (STA1) receives a PPDU from a first AP on a first link (Link 1).
- the first AP terminates the TXOP at a time ahead by the required time for RF change of the non-AP multi-link device from the scheduled beacon frame reception time on the second link (Link 2).
- the EMLSR multi-link device may not change the RF chain. This is because beacon frames are not transmitted in MIMO.
- the multi-link device in which the EMLSR mode is activated may perform at least one of monitoring and channel access in a second link. At this time, even if the far-link device completes the channel access procedure in the second link, transmission may not be permitted.
- the multi-link device may perform at least one of transmission and reception only at a pre-specified data rate in the second link. At this time, the predetermined data rate may be any one of 6Mbps, 12Mbps and 24Mbps.
- a station that wants to exchange frames with a multi-link device in which the EMLSR mode is activated starts a frame exchange procedure in a second link, one of the EMLSR links, when the multi-link device receives a specific frame in a first link, one of the EMLSR links. may not be permitted to do so.
- a station that wants to exchange frames with a multi-link device in which the EMLSR mode is enabled transmits an initial control frame on link 2, one of the EMLSR links, when the multi-link device receives a specific frame on link 1, which is one of the EMLSR links. may not be allowed.
- the specific frame may be a group cast frame or a group addressed frame, for example, a beacon frame.
- the beacon frame may be a DTIM beacon frame.
- the EMLSR MLD may not perform an RF switching operation. This may be because beacon frames are not normally transmitted in MIMO. That is, the EMLSR MLD does not need to perform RF switching when receiving a beacon frame, and therefore, even if a beacon frame is being received on a specific link, monitoring (listening operation) and/or channel access operation for another link can be performed.
- channel access may be restricted even if a channel access procedure is completed on another link.
- transmission and/or reception on another link can be performed only using basic rates (6, 12, 24 Mbps).
- the EMLSR MLD when the EMLSR MLD is receiving a frame (eg, a beacon frame) on a specific Link, since the operation on the other Link may be restricted, a device that wants to initiate a packet exchange procedure with the EMLSR MLD (UE) may be restricted from starting a packet switching procedure while the EMLSR MLD is performing a (beacon frame) reception operation. More specifically, when the EMLSR MLD is receiving a beacon frame (or group cast (group addressed) frame) on a specific link, the AP MLD may not transmit an initial control frame to the EMLSR MLD through another link.
- a frame eg, a beacon frame
- the AP MLD may not transmit an initial control frame to the EMLSR MLD through another link.
- the beacon frame may be a DTIM beacon frame.
- the TXOP management method considering the above-mentioned RF switching delay is, when the EMLSR MLD intends to receive a beacon frame / group addressed frame scheduled for a specific EMLSR Link, immediately after the TXOP of another link is terminated, reception of the specific EMLSR Link It is a method considered to prepare for.
- the EMLSR MLD terminates the packet exchange sequence (frame exchange, frame exchange sequence) on a specific EMLSR Link, and immediately (immediately) instead of switching to the listening operation (the state of supporting CCA for EMLSR Links, etc.) It may be possible to prepare for reception of scheduled frames (eg beacon/group addressed frames) on other EMLSR Links.
- preparing for reception in another EMLSR Link means that at least one of the RF Chains used in the specific EMLSR Link and a non-initial control frame (the initial control frame is It may mean a series of operations for utilizing transmission/reception functions for other frames) in the other EMLSR Link.
- the EMLSR MLD should switch to the listening operation for EMLSR Links when the frame exchange sequence performed/participated in the EMLSR Link is terminated. That is, the EMLSR MLD should switch to the listening operation for EMLSR Links when the frame exchange sequence performed/participated in a specific EMLSR Link is terminated, but when the intention is to receive a beacon/group addressed frame from another EMLSR Link, the EMLSR Link may not switch to the Listening operation for At this time, the EMLSR MLD may operate to support RX for the other EMLSR Links instead of switching to a listening operation for EMLSR Links.
- the EMLSR MLD when the EMLSR MLD has an intention to receive another frame scheduled to be received on the specific EMLSR Link when the frame exchange sequence performed/participated in the specific EMLSR Link is terminated, the EMLSR MLD does not switch to Listening operation and transmits information about the specific EMLSR Link. Receive support status can be maintained. This is another exception to the operation limitation of switching to a listening operation, and will be described in more detail through an embodiment of the present invention to be described later.
- the EMLSR MLD when the EMLSR MLD has an intention to initiate a frame exchange sequence in a specific EMLSR Link when a frame exchange sequence performed/participated in a specific EMLSR Link is terminated, the EMLSR MLD does not switch to a Listening operation and channels for the specific EMLSR Link. The access procedure can continue. This may be an additional exception to the behavior restriction that requires switching to Listening behavior.
- the EMLSR MLD may receive an initial control frame again on the specific EMLSR Link while transitioning to a Listening operation after determining that the frame exchange sequence performed/participated in the specific EMLSR Link has ended.
- This may be a situation that can occur when the EMLSR MLD can support reception of an initial control frame in some EMLSR Links during an EMLSR Transition operation.
- the EMLSR MLD may cancel the EMLSR Transition operation (transition operation to Listening operation) being performed in order to support the frame exchange sequence for the specific EMLSR Link on which the initial control frame has been received again. That is, the EMLSR MLD that receives the initial control frame while performing the EMLSR Transition after determining that the frame exchange sequence has ended may not perform the transition to the Listening operation.
- the EMLSR MLD receiving the initial control frame while transitioning to listening operation may not respond to the received initial control frame.
- the EMLSR MLD that has received the MU-RTS and BSRP Trigger frames, which are initial control frames may not transmit a response frame to the received initial control frame when it is transitioning to a listening operation.
- EMLSR Transition Delay It may be based on whether the amount of time (indicated by the specific EMLSR MLD) has elapsed.
- the AP determines that the frame exchange sequence in which a specific EMLSR MLD participated is terminated by the specific EMLSR MLD, and the time equal to the EMLSR Transition Delay has not elapsed, the specific EMLSR MLD initiates a Listening operation. It can be determined that the conversion of is being performed. If the time equal to the EMLSR Transition Delay has elapsed, the AP may determine that the EMLSR MLD has completed the transition to the listening operation.
- the EMLSR MLD When the STA (affiliated STA) operated by the EMLSR Link is a TXOP holder, the EMLSR MLD immediately uses the resources (processing power and hardware resources such as RF Chain) used in the specific EMLSR Link after terminating the TXOP. Preparations for utilization in other EMLSR Links can be initiated.
- an STA of a specific EMLSR Link is a TXOP responder (AP initiates a frame exchange procedure)
- the EMLSR MLD determines that the frame exchange of the specific EMLSR Link has ended (for example, after responding to a Response frame, When the next frame is not received from the AP until aSIFSTime + aSlotTime + aRxPHYStartDelay elapses, etc.), preparation for utilizing resources used in the specific EMLSR Link in another EMLSR Link may be initiated.
- the AP MLD Since the AP MLD will start preparing for reception on another EMLSR Link after the EMLSR MLD confirms the end of the frame exchange sequence performed on a specific EMLSR Link, the minimum aSIFSTime + aSlotTime + aRxPHYStartDelay is higher than the beacon/group addressed frame to be transmitted on another EMLSR Link. + A frame exchange sequence (performed on the specific EMLSR Link) with the EMLSR MLD should be terminated as early as EMLSR Transition Delay (RF Switching back latency). In this case, the AP MLD may follow the frame exchange sequence termination rule described above only when the EMLSR MLD is predicted to receive a beacon/group addressed frame to be transmitted on another EMLSR Link.
- the aSIFSTime + aSlotTime +aRxPHYStartDelay is the time required for the EMLSR MLD to determine the end of the frame exchange sequence.
- the AP MLD since the AP MLD does not know the aRxPHYStartDelay of the EMLSR MLD, it can determine the end time of the frame exchange sequence considering that its aRxPHYStartDelay and the aRxPHYStartDelay of the EMLSR MLD are the same.
- aRxPHYStartDelay generally has a small time interval within 1 us to 2 us, it is possible to ignore aRxPHYStartDelay (considering only aSIFSTime + aSlotTime + EMLSR Transition Delay) when the AP determines the end point of the frame exchange sequence. .
- FIG. 52 illustrates an operation in which an EMLSR MLD changes to a reception (transmission/reception) support mode for another EMLSR Link after a frame exchange procedure is terminated in a specific EMLSR Link according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- EMLSR MLD operates STA1 and STA2 on Link 1 and Link 2, respectively.
- the AP transmits the MU-RTS frame as an initial control frame on Link 1
- the EMLSR MLD responds with the CTS frame through STA1, and then receives the PPDU transmitted from the AP using two RF chains.
- the EMLSR MLD After receiving the PPDU from the AP, the EMLSR MLD confirming that no additional PPDU is received during aSIFSTime + aSlotTime + aRxPHYStartDelay determines that the frame exchange sequence on Link 1 is finished.
- the EMLSR MLD directly switches to the reception mode for Link 2 instead of switching to Listening mode for the purpose of receiving a beacon frame/group addressed frame scheduled for Link 2.
- the beacon frame/group addressed frame is not transmitted in MIMO, the reception operation supported by Link 2 can be supported using only one RF chain.
- the AP MLD predicts that the EMLSR MLD will receive the beacon frame/group addressed scheduled in the TBTT of Link 2, and allows (induces) the EMLSR MLD to start the reception support (preparation) operation for Link 2.
- the TXOP frame exchange sequence
- Link 1 was terminated earlier than the TBTT of Link 2 by aSIFSTime + aSlotTime + aRxPHYStartDelay + EMLSR Transition Delay (RF Switching back delay).
- an EMLSR MLD supports a frame exchange sequence for a specific EMLSR Link
- each EMLSR Link It may be necessary to first switch to the listening operation (supporting CCA, initial control frame reception, etc.) for the EMLSR Link, and then prepare for frame exchange sequence support (transmission/reception support) for the other EMLSR Link.
- the EMLSR MLD intending to receive a beacon/group addressed frame on another EMLSR Link can receive a separate initial control frame on the other EMSLR Link without receiving a separate initial control frame on the other Link. It is possible to switch to the reception (or transmission/reception) support mode for
- the AP MLD may additionally consider the time (for example, aSIFSTime + aSlotTime + aRxPHYStartDelay or PIFS + aRxPHYStartDelay or PIFS (aSIFSTime + aSlotTime)) that the EMLSR MLD takes to determine the end of the frame exchange sequence.
- the AP MLD may apply the frame exchange sequence management method as described above only when the EMLSR MLD is expected to receive a beacon/group addressed frame scheduled for the specific link.
- the AP MLD requires the largest preparation time among the multiple EMLSR MLDs (For example, the EMLSR Transition Delay (RF Switching back latency) indicates the largest value.)
- the frame exchange sequence of the other link should be terminated.
- the AP MLD may terminate the multiple EMLSR MLDs.
- the frame exchange sequence of the other link may be terminated by considering the largest value of EMLSR Transition Delays of all associated EMLSR MLDs, rather than considering the largest value of EMLSR Transition Delays of EMLSR MLDs.
- the AP MLD does not consider the largest value among the EMLSR Transition Delays of the plurality of EMLSR MLDs (EMLSR MLDs that have participated in the frame exchange sequence on another link and are expected to receive a beacon/group addressed frame scheduled for a specific link).
- the frame exchange sequence of the other link may be terminated by considering the largest value among the EMLSR Transition Delays of all EMLSR MLDs participating in the frame exchange sequence in the other link.
- the operation of the AP MLD described in the other method and another method is provided to allow the AP MLD to determine the end time of the frame exchange sequence in a simpler way in consideration of the operation complexity of the AP MLD.
- an EMLSR MLD when an EMLSR MLD wants to receive a beacon/group addressed frame scheduled for a specific EMLSR Link, it must pre-terminate the TXOP operating on another EMLSR Link in consideration of the required time to support frame reception of the specific EMLSR Link. At this time, the EMLSR MLD considers both the time required to switch to the listening operation for each EMLSR Link after terminating the TXOP of the other EMLSR Link and the time required to support frame reception for the specific EMLSR Link. TXOP must be terminated.
- the EMLSR MLD when the EMLSR MLD wants to receive a DTIM beacon scheduled for a specific EMLSR Link, the EMLSR MLD supports frame reception on the specific link based on the TBTT related to the DTIM beacon at a minimum (time to switch to listening operation + It may be necessary to terminate the TXOP of another EMLSR Link as early as the time for switching operations to
- the EMLSR MLD ends only as early as the time required to switch the TXOP of another EMLSR Link to the Listening operation (RF Switching back delay, EMLSR Transition Delay) It is possible. That is, when different EMLSR MLDs have different operations supported by a specific EMLSR Link during Listening operation, the different EMLSR MLDs may apply different criteria for terminating TXOPs operated in different EMLSR Links.
- the first EMLSR MLD when a first EMLSR MLD supports beacon frame reception in a link in a listening operation, the first EMLSR MLD can be terminated early by considering only the time for switching the TXOP of another link to the listening operation, whereas the second If the EMLSR MLD does not support beacon frame reception in a link in listening operation, the second EMLSR MLD terminates the TXOP of the other link earlier by considering both the time to switch to listening operation + operation change time to support beacon frame reception Should be.
- the non-AP MLD may instruct the AP MLD with capability information related to whether a beacon frame (or a frame other than the initial control frame) can be received while maintaining the EMLSR Link in a listening operation.
- the Capability information related to the beacon frame reception is indicated as 'supported' by indicating a specific bit of the EML Capabilities subfield (included in the Multi-Link element) transmitted by the non-AP MLD as 1, and the specific bit is 0 By being indicated as 'not supported', it may be indicated.
- the non-AP MLD may be able to support reception of a beacon frame (or a frame other than the initial control frame) during listening operation only for one link pre-agreed with the AP MLD among EMLSR Links.
- This is a state in which the non-AP MLD supports reception of general frames (not only the initial control frame but also other frames including beacon and group addressed frames) for one specific EMLSR Link while supporting the listening operation for each EMLSR Link. means that you can keep This may be an operation achieved by a non-AP MLD operating in EMLSR mode utilizing transmission/reception support capabilities for one pre-promised EMLSR Link while a frame exchange sequence is not performed in another EMLSR Link.
- the non-AP MLD supports frame reception for the one promised EMLSR Link even during the listening operation, if a beacon/group addressed frame is to be received on the one promised EMLSR Link, another It can be terminated by considering only the time for converting the ongoing frame exchange sequence in Link to Listening operation.
- the AP MLD manages the frame exchange sequence of the other link by considering only the time when the EMLSR MLD switches to the listening operation. can do.
- the AP MLD transmits a group addressed frame that the EMLSR MLD needs to receive, it is possible for the EMLSR MLD to transmit the group addressed frame through one specific Link promised to support normal frame reception during a listening operation.
- the non-AP MLD transmits the EML Capabilities subfield (included in the Multi-Link element) to the AP MLD to instruct the AP the link information that supports reception (transmission/reception) of a normal frame in the listening operation state. It can be indicated by including Link ID information.
- the EML Capabilities subfield may have a configuration including a Link ID subfield.
- the specific Link may be indicated by a non-AP as a Link supporting general frame reception during Listening operation.
- TXOP frame exchange sequence
- EMLSR MLD operates STA1 and STA2 on Link 1 and Link 2, respectively.
- the AP transmits the MU-RTS frame as an initial control frame on Link 1
- the EMLSR MLD responds with the CTS frame through STA1, and then receives the PPDU transmitted from the AP using two RF chains.
- the EMLSR MLD After receiving the PPDU from the AP, the EMLSR MLD confirming that no additional PPDU is received during aSIFSTime + aSlotTime + aRxPHYStartDelay determines that the frame exchange sequence on Link 1 is finished.
- the EMLSR MLD has an intention to receive a beacon/group addressed frame scheduled for Link 2 after the frame exchange sequence in Link 1 ends, and performs a listening operation to receive a beacon/group addressed frame in Link 2. After conversion, switch to the reception (transmission/reception, frame exchange sequence) support mode for Link 2. At this time, since the EMLSR MLD does not receive a separate initial control frame from Link2, but has an intention to receive a beacon/group addressed frame scheduled for Link2, it switches itself to a reception support mode for Link2.
- the AP MLD predicts that the EMLSR MLD will receive the beacon frame/group addressed scheduled in the TBTT of Link 2, and allows (induces) the EMLSR MLD to start the reception support (preparation) operation for Link 2. ), Link 1's TXOP (frame exchange sequence) was terminated.
- EMLSR MLD should switch to a listening operation for EMLSR Links when the frame exchange sequence performed/participated in the EMLSR Link is terminated.
- An EMLSR MLD may wish to receive a beacon/group addressed frame scheduled for a specific link when a frame exchange sequence in which it participates as a TXOP holder or a TXOP responder ends on a specific link.
- the EMLSR MLD maintains a reception standby state in the specific link instead of switching to a listening operation. You can choose to do it.
- the method for determining whether the EMLSR MLD switches to listening operation or maintains a reception standby state (or transmit/receive possible state) for the link that operated the frame exchange sequence immediately before is the frame exchange sequence (or TXOP) It may be based on whether the end time and the expected reception (start) time of the beacon/group addressed frame (for example, the corresponding TBTT time in the case of a beacon frame) have a larger difference than the promised/preset time interval. there is.
- the EMLSR MLD when the EMLSR MLD confirms that the frame exchange sequence has ended in a specific EMLSR Link, if the TBTT of a beacon frame scheduled for the specific EMLSR Link is scheduled after a time interval shorter than a preset time interval, listening operation It may not be converting. If the TBTT of a beacon frame to be received within a predetermined time is not scheduled at the time when the EMSLR MLD confirms that the frame exchange sequence is terminated in a specific EMLSR Link, the EMLSR MLD may switch to a Listening operation.
- the EMLSR MLD may want to start a new frame exchange sequence in a specific link after the frame exchange sequence in which it participates as a TXOP holder or a TXOP responder ends in a specific link. In this case, the EMLSR MLD predicts that channel access will be completed on the specific link when it is close enough to the end of the frame exchange sequence in which the specific link participated, instead of switching to the listening operation. The channel access operation can continue. At this time, the method for determining whether the EMLSR MLD switches to the listening operation or continues the channel access procedure in the link that operated the frame exchange sequence immediately before is based on the relationship between the end time of the frame exchange sequence (or TXOP) and the expected channel access procedure.
- the completion time (eg, the time when the backoff counter is predicted to reach 0, the time when it is predicted that transmission can be started according to the channel access procedure using EDCA) is greater than the promised / preset time interval It may be based on whether or not there is a difference. More specifically, when the EMLSR MLD confirms that the frame exchange sequence is terminated in a specific EMLSR Link, the time at which it is expected to complete channel access in the specific EMLSR Link is expected after a time interval shorter than a preset time interval. If it is, it may be that it does not switch to Listening operation.
- the EMLSR MLD can switch to Listening operation. there is.
- a time interval at which a beacon/group addressed frame to be received is expected to be received is greater than the EMLSR Transition Delay (RF Switching Back Delay) Based on whether it is scheduled later (or after a time interval greater than EMLSR Transition Delay + aSIFSTime + aSlotTime + aRxPHYStartDelay), whether to switch to Listening operation or to maintain the listening state (transmit/receive support) for the specific EMLSR Link can decide At this time, the reason why the EMLSR MLD determines based on the EMLSR Transition Delay (or EMLSR Transition Delay + aSIFSTime + aSlotTime + aRxPHYStartDelay) is that the expected reception time before switching to listening operation after the frame exchange sequence on a specific link ends It may be for determining whether or not it exists.
- EMLSR Transition Delay RF Switching Back Delay
- the EMLSR MLD ends a frame exchange sequence on a specific EMLSR Link, and after a time interval at which a beacon/group addressed frame to be received is expected to be received is greater than twice the EMLSR Transition Delay ( Or EMLSR Transition Delay*2 + aSIFSTime + aSlotTime + after a time interval greater than aRxPHYStartDelay), whether to switch to Listening operation based on whether or not to maintain the receiving standby (transmit/receive support) state for the specific EMLSR Link can decide At this time, the reason why the EMLSR MLD determines based on twice the EMLSR Transition Delay (or EMLSR Transition Delay*2 + aSIFSTime + aSlotTime + aRxPHYStartDelay) is that receiving support for another link is supported after the frame exchange sequence in a specific link is finished.
- the expected reception time of a beacon/group addressed frame to be received on the specific EMLSR Link is EMLSR Transition Delay (RF Switching Back Delay ) + MediumSyncDelay, based on whether or not it is scheduled after a larger time interval, it can be determined whether to switch to a listening operation or to maintain a reception standby (transmission/reception support) state for the specific EMLSR Link.
- the reason why the EMLSR MLD determines based on the EMLSR Transition Delay is whether the expected reception time of the beacon/group addressed frame of the specific EMLSR Link arrives before the MediumSyncDelay timer of another EMLSR Link that started after switching to Listening operation expires. It may be to determine whether More specifically, the EMLSR MLD is a frame exchange sequence of a specific EMLSR Link when additional reception is expected to proceed in a specific EMLSR Link that has already operated a frame exchange sequence before restrictions related to channel access are lifted in another EMLSR Link. Even if is terminated, it is possible to maintain a listening state for the specific EMLSR Link without switching to a listening operation.
- FIG. 54 illustrates an operation of not switching to a Listening operation when an EMLSR MLD intends to receive a beacon/group addressed frame in an EMLSR Link already performing a frame exchange procedure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- EMLSR MLD operates STA1 and STA2 on Link 1 and Link 2, respectively.
- the AP transmits the MU-RTS frame as an initial control frame on Link 1
- the EMLSR MLD responds with the CTS frame through STA1, and then receives the PPDU transmitted from the AP using two RF chains.
- the EMLSR MLD After receiving the PPDU from the AP, the EMLSR MLD confirming that no additional PPDU is received during aSIFSTime + aSlotTime + aRxPHYStartDelay determines that the frame exchange sequence on Link 1 is finished.
- the EMLSR MLD has an intention to receive a beacon/group addressed frame scheduled for the same link (Link 1 in FIG. 54) after the frame exchange sequence already being performed in Link 1 is finished. Therefore, the frame exchange sequence of Link 1 Even though it is confirmed that is terminated, it does not switch to Listening operation and maintains the receiving standby state (transmit/receive available state) in Link1. At this time, the EMLSR MLD switches to the listening operation based on the end point of the frame exchange sequence previously performed in Link 1 and the expected reception point of the beacon/group addressed frame of Link 1 that is intended to be received, which is less than a preset threshold. Instead, Link1 may decide to remain listening.
- the AP MLD predicts that the EMLSR MLD will receive the beacon frame/group addressed scheduled to be transmitted on Link 1, and it is assumed that no additional preparation time is required for the EMLSR MLD to receive the beacon/group addressed frame. can be considered This may be the decision of the AP MLD based on maintaining the EMLSR MLD in a state of supporting transmission/reception for the Link (Link1) on which the EMLSR MLD intends to receive the beacon/group addressed frame. Therefore, the AP MLD may not end the frame exchange procedure (TXOP) already performed in Link1 earlier than the transmission time (TBTT) of the beacon/group addressed frame to be transmitted in Link1 by the EMLSR Transition Delay (instructed by the EMLSR MLD). .
- TXOP frame exchange procedure
- TBTT transmission time
- EMLSR/EMLMR may be an operation mode of the MLD, not a characteristic determined by the capability of the MLD. Accordingly, the MLD may switch to the EMLSR/EMLMR mode or terminate (release) the EMLSR/EMLMR mode in operation while being associated with the counterpart MLD.
- An MLD that wants to switch to EMLSR/EMLMR mode or terminate the EMLSR/EMLMR mode in operation must instruct the other MLD to change the state related to its own EMLSR/EMLMR mode.
- a method for the MLD to instruct the other MLD to change the state related to its own EMLSR/EMLMR mode may be to transmit an EML Control field including an EMLSR mode subfield and an EMLSR mode subfield.
- EMLSR mode subfield of the EML Control field transmitted by a specific MLD is set to 1, this means that the specific MLD operates in EMLSR mode (has an STA operated in EMLSR mode, has an EMLSR link set), and the EMLSR mode subfield If set to 0, it means that the specific MLD does not operate in EMLSR mode.
- the interpretation of the EMLMR mode subfield is the same as that of the EMLSR mode subfield (if the EMLMR mode subfield is 1, it is operated in EMLMR mode, and if it is 0, it is not operated in EMLMR mode).
- EMLSR mode subfield cannot be set to 1.
- EMLMR mode subfield cannot be set to 1.
- the AP MLD since the AP MLD does not operate its own AP in EMLSR and EMLMR modes, the AP MLD cannot transmit the EML Control field in which the EMLSR mode subfield or the EMLMR mode subfield is set to 1. Furthermore, a restriction that the EML Control field cannot be transmitted may be applied to the AP MLD.
- an MLD that wants to switch to EMLSR mode may set the EMLSR mode subfield of the EML Control field transmitted to the counterpart MLD to 1. If the non-AP MLD transmits with the EMLSR mode subfield of the EML Control field set to 1, the AP MLD that receives it can recognize that the non-AP MLD operates as the EML Control field. If the EMLSR mode value of the EML Control field previously received by the AP MLD from the non-AP MLD is 1, and the EMLSR mode value of the newly received EML Control field is 0, the AP MLD returns to the non-AP MLD after the Transition Timeout. It can be recognized that it does not operate in EMLSR mode.
- Transition Timeout may mean a mode change time required to switch to EMLSR mode or release (terminate) EMLSR mode, and the corresponding Delay value is EMLSR related capability information indicated from non-AP MLD to AP MLD.
- the MLD may operate only some of the STAs it operates in EMLSR/EMLMR mode.
- a link of an STA operating in EMLSR/EMLMR mode among STAs operated by a specific MLD may be named EMLSR/EMLMR Link. That is, it can be understood that the MLD may have an EMLSR/EMLMR Link set (pair), and the STA operating in the EMLSR/EMLMR Link operates in EMLSR/EMLMR mode.
- At least one STA and at least one corresponding link among a plurality of STAs constituting the MLD and a plurality of links corresponding thereto may be set to an EMLSR/EMLMR mode and an EMLSR/EMLMR link set.
- whether or not the EMLSR/EMLMR mode may be indicated by a specific field included in the frame.
- the AP MLD when the non-AP MLD is in the EMLSR/EMLMR mode, the AP MLD must transmit an initial control frame when attempting to start exchanging frames through a link included in the EMLSR/EMLMR link set.
- EMLSR / EMLMR STAs and links may be established by negotiation between the AP MLD and the non-AP MLD, and some STAs (non-AP STA, AP STA) and some of the links configured in the EMLSR / EMLMR mode A link can be removed in EMLSR/EMLMR mode.
- a link associated with the removed AP is one of EMLSR links or EMLMR links for non-AP MLDs
- the AP MLD A corresponding link must be removed from the EMLSR/EMLMR links constituting the EMLSR link set for non-AP MLDs.
- signal exchange for informing of the removed link between the AP MLD and non-AP MLDs may not be necessary. That is, when the corresponding EMLSR/EMLMR link among the EMLSR/EMLMR links is removed as the AP is removed from the AP-MLD, the link corresponding to the removed AP in the non-AP MLDs uses the EMLSR/EMLMR link set without a specific notification. It can be recognized that it has been removed from the constituent EMLSR/EMLMR links. At this time, the AP MLD may notify non-AP MLDs of the removal of the AP.
- some of the EMLSR/EMLMR links constituting the EMLSR/EMLMR link sets of the non-AP MLD may be deleted due to the deletion of the AP in the EMLSR/EMLMR mode by the AP MLD.
- the EMLSR/EMLMR modes of the AP MLD and the non-AP MLD may end. That is, when the number of EMLSR/EMLMR links becomes '0' or '1' and there is no need to operate in the EMLSR/EMLMR mode, the EMLSR/EMLMR mode of non-AP MLDs may end without a specific negotiation procedure.
- a specific MLD having an EMLSR/EMLMR link set must indicate information about a link operated by the EMLSR or EMLMR to the counterpart MLD, and the counterpart MLD is based on the EMLSR/EMLMR link set information indicated by the specific MLD.
- the counterpart MLD is based on the EMLSR/EMLMR link set information indicated by the specific MLD.
- An MLD that wants to operate an EMLSR link set can include EMLSR link information in the EML Control field to signal to the other MLD.
- a non-AP MLD that wants to operate an EMLSR link set may indicate the EMLSR link set by transmitting a frame including an EML Control field to the AP MLD.
- EMLSR link set can be indicated using the EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield included in the EML Control field.
- the EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield is a 16-bit (2 octet) subfield, and the first bit corresponds to Link0, the second bit to Link1, and the fifteenth bit to Link14. If each bit of the EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield is set to 1, it means that the STA of the corresponding link operates in EMLSR mode. That is, a link corresponding to a bit indicated as 1 in the EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield is a link included in the EMLSR link set.
- the non-AP MLD sets the first bit and the second bit of the EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield to 1, respectively, the non-AP MLD indicates Link0 and Link1 as EMLSR link sets, and if there are additional STAs operating in different Links, The additional STA is an STA that does not operate in EMLSR mode.
- the EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield may have meaning only when the EMLSR mode subfield is indicated as 1. That is, the EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield of the EML Control field indicated as 0 in the EMLSR mode subfield may be reserved.
- EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield can be configured with 15-bits instead of 16-bits. .
- a more detailed EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield configuration method will be described with reference to an embodiment of FIG. 55 to be described later.
- Links (STAs) operated in EMLSR mode can support transmission/reception of only one Link at a time. Due to such performance limitations, an STA (eg, an AP of an AP MLD) transmitting to an STA in EMLSR mode (eg, a non-AP STA in a non-AP MLD) has the same EMLSR as the STA in the EMLSR mode Whether to perform transmission to the STA in the EMLSR mode is determined by considering whether other STAs of the link pair are performing transmission/reception.
- STA eg, an AP of an AP MLD
- an STA performing frame exchange with an STA in EMLSR mode is expected to receive a beacon frame and/or a group addressed frame from another STA operating in the same EMLSR Link pair as the STA in EMLSR mode, the beacon frame and before the transmission time of the group addressed frame (more specifically, before the transmission time of the frame - before the EMLSR Transition Delay), the frame exchange shall be terminated.
- a method of predicting that the STA in the EMLSR mode will receive the beacon frame and/or the group addressed frame is not determined by the specification, and may depend on the implementation of the MLD associated with the MLD in the EMLSR mode.
- the MLD operating the STA in EMLSR mode instructs the other MLD with information about the Link on which it wishes to receive the beacon frame/group addressed frame, thereby indicating its intention of reception (intention of receiving the beacon frame and/or group addressed frame) can help the relative MLD to be predicted more accurately. That is, if the MLD operating the STA in EMLSR mode indicates a specific Link for receiving a beacon/group addressed frame, the counterpart MLD indicates that the MLD in the EMLSR mode intends to receive a beacon/group addressed frame transmitted on the specific Link.
- the TXOP in which a specific STA of the EMLSR MLD is a TXOP holder or a TXOP responder corresponds to the (DTIM) beacon frame of the Link indicated by the EMLSR MLD as the Primary Link (TBTT (Target Beacon Transmission Time) - RF switching back delay) It may have to be terminated earlier. Since the TXOP management method of the AP MLD and EMLSR MLD for performing such TXOP management has been described through an embodiment of FIGS. 51 to 54, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the AP MLD transmits the beacon frame from Link1 before the non-AP MLD transmits the non-AP MLD.
- the AP MLD predicts that the beacon frame will be received from Link1 and can terminate the frame exchange of Link2.
- the AP MLD intends to transmit a beacon frame from Link2 it may predict that the non-AP MLD will not receive the beacon frame transmitted from Link2, and thus may not terminate the frame exchange performed from Link1.
- the non-AP MLD may indicate information on a link on which it wishes to receive a beacon/group addressed frame, in addition to information on a link operating in EMLSR mode (EMLSR link set information).
- EMLSR link set information information on a link operating in EMLSR mode
- a link to receive the beacon/group addressed frame may be named as a primary link of the EMLSR link set. That is, a higher priority is applied to transmission/reception support than other EMLSR Links in the Primary Link.
- the Primary Link can be indicated using the EMLSR Primary Link subfield, and considering that the number of links that can be indicated as Primary Link is Link0 to Link 14 (total of 15), the EMLSR Primary Link subfield can be composed of 4-bits. .
- non-AP MLD When non-AP MLD indicates the primary link through the EMLSR Primary Link subfield, it must indicate only the link indicated as the EMLSR link through the EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield of the same EMLSR Control field. In other words, the Non-AP MLD must indicate only the Link ID of the Link corresponding to the bit indicated as 1 in the EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield through the EMLSR Primary Link subfield. That is, only the EMLSR Link can be indicated as the Primary Link. For example, if the non-AP MLD sets the 2-octet EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield to 1110 0000 0000 0000 (Link 0, Link 1, and Link 2 are indicated as EMLSR Link set), 0 or 1 through the EMLSR Primary Link subfield or 2 (1 or 2 or 3) only.
- the EMLSR Primary Link subfield may have meaning only when the EMLSR mode subfield is indicated as 1. That is, the EMLSR Primary Link subfield of the EML Control field indicated as 0 in the EMLSR mode subfield may be reserved. (Can be set to 0 or a preset value (eg 15))
- the non-AP MLD When the non-AP MLD indicates the EMLSR primary link, the non-AP MLD indicates that it intends to receive a beacon/group addressed frame on the primary link, so the link indicated as the primary link is always in an Awake state ( It may be necessary to keep it in a non-Doze state by power save). In other words, the non-AP MLD may not perform power save to the STA of the primary link.
- the non-AP MLD is a Disabled Link ( A link whose TID is not mapped by TID-to-Link mapping) shall not be designated as a primary link.
- Another applicable restriction may be that the non-AP MLD must operate the primary link in a default mapping state. More specifically, the non-AP MLD may need to map all TIDs (both DL/UL directions, TID 0 to TID 7) to the primary link. This can be understood as a TID-to-Link mapping restriction to ensure that the primary link is maintained in a state capable of supporting all types of frame transmission/reception. However, transmission/reception of the primary link is restricted while transmission/reception is being performed on another EMLSR Link.
- the MLD has an STA operating in EMLSR mode, but may not separately operate/instruct the Primary Link.
- the MLD may not indicate primary link information through the EMLSR Primary Link subfield even though the EMLSR mode subfield of the EML Control field is set to 1.
- a method of not indicating EMLSR Primary Link information may be to set the EMLSR Primary Link subfield to 15. This may be a usable primary link instruction non-execution method because a link corresponding to Link ID 15 does not exist.
- the MLD may set the EMLSR Primary Link subfield of the EML Control field to 15 when not configuring a separate primary link among the EMLSR link set.
- the AP MLD receives the EML Control field with the EMLSR mode subfield indicated as 1 from the MLD, and the EMLSR Primary Link subfield of the same EML Control field is indicated as 15, the MLD that transmitted the EML Control field did not indicate a separate primary link. should be interpreted as
- the MLD can help the other MLD to more accurately predict its own reception intention (reception intention of the beacon frame and/or group addressed frame).
- the other MLD predicts that the specific MLD will receive a beacon / group addressed frame through an STA other than the STA operating in EMLSR mode It is possible.
- the counterpart MLD operates without considering whether the specific MLD receives a beacon/group addressed frame to be transmitted on a specific link. That is, the counterpart MLD may not end the transmission currently being performed or delay the start of transmission in consideration of beacon/group addressed frame transmission. It is possible to receive beacon/group addressed frames.
- the MLD may transmit the EML Control field when there are additional STAs other than the EMLSR mode. Through this, it may be limited to indicate the Primary Link. That is, an MLD associated with a counterpart MLD through an STA other than the EMLSR mode may not indicate a primary link through an EML Control field.
- the non-AP MLD transmitting the EML Control field does not set the bit of the EMLSR link Bitmap subfield corresponding to at least one of the links associated with the AP MLD to 1
- the same EML Control field Primary Link may not be indicated through the EMLSR Primary Link subfield.
- a method of not indicating the primary link through the EMLSR primary link may be to set the EMLSR Primary Link subfield to a pre-promised value.
- the AP MLD does not indicate at least one associated link as an EMLSR link set in the EMLSR link Bitmap subfield of the EML Control field received from the non-AP MLD (that is, the bit corresponding to the at least one associated link is set to 0). If indicated), it is possible to ignore the EMLSR Primary Link subfield. At this time, ignoring the EMLSR Primary Link subfield may be considering the corresponding subfield as reserved.
- the MLD is allowed to transmit an EML Control field indicating one of the links of STAs operating in EMLSR mode as the primary link. It can be.
- all STAs other than the STAs operating in EMLSR mode are disabled by TID-to-Link mapping (when the TID mapped to the Link in which the other STAs operate does not exist), operating in EMLSR mode It may be allowed to transmit an EML Control field indicating one of the STA's Links as the Primary Link.
- the AP MLD is a non-AP STA of the Associated Links (the non-AP MLD) even if the EMLSR link Bitmap subfield of the EML Control field received from the non-AP MLD does not indicate at least one Associated Link as an EMLSR link set.
- the primary link of the non-AP MLD may need to be recognized based on the value indicated in the EMLSR Primary Link subfield of the EML Control field.
- the AP MLD is a link operated by non-AP STAs of the associated links.
- the primary link of the non-AP MLD may need to be recognized based on the value indicated in the EMLSR Primary Link subfield of the EML Control field.
- a non-AP MLD transmits a specific EML Control field
- the information indicated through the specific EML Control field Primary Link can be released.
- the primary link may be released as described above only when the non-AP STA of the additionally associated link does not operate in EMLSR mode. This is because, as previously considered, the status of the non-AP MLD has changed to having an Associated STA other than the STA operating in EMLSR mode, so the information on the previously indicated / configured Primary Link is no longer valid.
- the EML Control field may have a configuration including the above-described EMLSR mode, EMLMR mode, EMLSR Link Bitmap, and EMLSR Primary Link subfield.
- the EML Control field can be operated in EMLSR/EMLMR mode or transmitted to release the EMLSR/EMLMR mode in operation, and can be included in the EML Operating Mode Notification frame, which is an EHT Action frame, and transmitted.
- the EML Operating Mode Notification frame is a type of EHT Action frame, and is distinguished by indicating that the value of the EHT Action field of the EHT Action frame is 1.
- the EML Operating Mode Notification frame is an EHT Action frame composed of Category field (set to a value of 36), EHT Action field (set to a value of 1), Dialog Token field (set to a value other than 0), and EML Control field. Since the configuration of the EML Operating Mode Notification frame is unrelated to the EML Control field format configuration method to be provided through the present invention, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the EML Control field includes EMLSR mode subfield (1-bit), EMLMR mode subfield (1-bit), EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield (16-bit), and EMLSR Primary Link subfield (3-bit). , Reserved (3-bit) format of 3-octet size.
- the EMLSR mode subfield may be set to 1 and transmitted when the MLD transmitting the EML Control field wants to operate in EMLSR mode, and is set to 0 and transmitted when it does not want to operate in EMLSR mode. That is, the non-AP MLD may indicate whether to operate in EMLSR mode by setting the EMLSR mode subfield to 1 or 0.
- the AP MLD receives a frame through a specific link of the EMLSR link set (indicated through the EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield) operated by the specific non-AP MLD in EMLSR mode.
- the start/end of frame exchange must be determined in consideration of actions performed or scheduled to be performed on other EMLSR links of the EMLSR link set. (See FIGS. 51 to 54)
- the EMLMR mode subfield may be set to 1 and transmitted when the MLD transmitting the EML Control field wants to operate in EMLMR mode, and is set to 0 and transmitted when it does not want to operate in EMLMR mode. That is, the non-AP MLD may indicate whether to operate in EMLMR mode by setting the EMLMR mode subfield to 1 or 0.
- the EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield is a 16-bit (2 octet) subfield, and the first bit corresponds to Link0, the second bit to Link1, and the fifteenth bit to Link14. If each bit of the EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield is set to 1, it means that the STA of the corresponding link operates in EMLSR mode. In this case, the EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield may have meaning only when the EMLSR mode subfield is indicated as 1. That is, the EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield of the EML Control field indicated as 0 in the EMLSR mode subfield may be reserved. (all can be set to 0 or 1)
- the EMLSR Primary Link subfield consists of 3-bits and can indicate the ID of a link to be operated as a primary link. For example, when the EMLSR Primary Link subfield is set to 1, a link corresponding to Link ID 1 is indicated as a primary link. Therefore, the non-AP MLD may set the EMLSR Primary Link subfield to one of 0 to 7 to indicate the link corresponding to the corresponding Link ID as the primary link. However, the link indicated as the primary link through the EMLSR Primary Link subfield may be a link corresponding to a bit indicated as 1 in the EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield of the same EML Control field.
- values that can be indicated by the 3-bit EMLSR Primary Link subfield are limited to 0 to 7, so the non-AP MLD determines/selects one of the Links corresponding to Link ID 0 to Link ID 7 as the Primary Link. / must be instructed.
- the EML Control field is EMLSR mode subfield (1-bit), EMLSR Primary link Part-1 subfield (1-bit), EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield (16-bit), EMLSR Primary link Part- It can have a 3-octet format consisting of 2 subfields (3-bit) and Reserved (3-bit).
- EMLSR/EMLMR mode subfield In the above description of the EMLSR/EMLMR mode subfield, it has been mentioned that if the EMLSR mode subfield is set to 1, the EMLMR mode subfield must be set to 0. This is an operation limitation of non-AP MLD that cannot operate EMLSR mode and EMLMR mode at the same time. Therefore, both EMLSR mode subfield and EMLMR mode subfield included in a single EML Control field cannot be set to 1. Therefore, when the EMLSR mode subfield is set to 1, an EML Control field format in which the EMLMR mode subfield is omitted may be utilized. More specifically, when the EMLSR mode subfield is set to 1, the bit originally used as the EMLMR mode subfield (B1 in FIG. 55) may be used for a different purpose than its original purpose.
- the EMLSR Primary Link subfield As the size of the EMLSR Primary Link subfield is limited to 3-bit, there is a problem that the Link ID that can be indicated by the Primary Link is limited to 7 or less, and therefore the bit used as the EMLMR mode subfield ( A method of using B1) together to indicate the primary link may be considered. That is, the EML Control field in which the EMLSR mode subfield is set to 1 indicates the EMLSR Primary Link Part-1 subfield instead of the EMLMR mode subfield, and the EMLSR Primary Link Part-1 subfield is combined with the EMLSR Primary Link Part-2 subfield to link 0 to It is possible to indicate a value corresponding to Link 15.
- the non-AP MLD may use EMLSR Primary Link Part-1 and EMLSR Primary Link Part-2 together to indicate the ID of the link it intends to indicate as the primary link.
- EMLSR mode subfield (B0) of the EML Control field received from the non-AP MLD is indicated as 1
- the AP MLD transmits the second bit (B1 in FIG. 55) of the EMLSR Control field to the EMLSR Primary Link Part-1 subfield , and based on the EMLSR Primary Link Part-1 subfield and the EMLSR Primary Link Part-2 subfield, the ID of the link indicated as the primary link by the non-AP MLD can be recognized.
- the method of indicating/interpreting the EMLSR Primary Link Part-1 subfield and the EMLSR Primary Link Part-2 subfield considers the bit of the EMLSR Primary Link Part-1 subfield as the MSB (Most Significant Bit), and considers the EMLSR Primary Link Part-2 subfield.
- the bits of the 2 subfields may be considered as the remaining bits (B20 in FIG. 55 (b) is the least significant bit (LSB).
- the EMLSR Primary Link Part-1 subfield and the EMLSR Primary Link Part-2 subfield The instruction/interpretation method considers the bits of the EMLSR Primary Link Part-1 subfield as LSB (Least Significant Bit), and considers the bits of the EMLSR Primary Link Part-2 subfield as the remaining bits (B20 in FIG. 55 (b) is the MSB (Most Significant Bit) Significant Bit)
- the number indicated by the combination of EMLSR Primary Link Part-1 to Part-2 is the ID of the Link indicated as the Primary Link by the non-AP MLD.
- the method of using the bit used as the EMLMR mode subfield in FIG. 55 (a) as the EMLSR Primary Link Part-1 subfield is that the EMLMR mode subfield is a subfield that must always be indicated as 0 when the EMLSR mode subfield is 1. This is the format transformation method used. More specifically, only when the EMLSR mode subfield is indicated as 1, the EMLMR mode subfield, which must always be indicated as 0, is omitted, and the bits allocated to the EMLMR mode subfield are used for indicating the EMLSR Primary Link.
- the format of the EML control subfield considered in the present invention has a different form when the EMLSR mode subfield is indicated as 0 and when the EMLSR mode subfield is indicated as 1, and the EMLMR omitted when the EMLSR mode subfield is indicated as 1 Bits of the mode subfield are used to indicate EMLSR Primary Link information.
- the EML Control field is EMLSR mode subfield (1-bit), EMLSR Primary link Part-1 subfield (1-bit), EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield (15-bit), EMLSR Primary link Part- It can have a 3-octet format consisting of 2 subfields (3-bit) and Reserved (4-bit).
- the MLD can operate STAs on up to 15 Links, and therefore, the IDs of the links in which the AP MLD operates the AP have values corresponding to Link 0 to Link 14.
- the limit on the number of Links of 15 is the number of Links determined in consideration of scalability, signaling overhead and complexity for EHT (11be) and subsequent generation standards, and is not necessarily due to limitations/problems that must be determined as 15. It is not a value.
- the signaling of many MLD unit operations defined in EHT includes a Link ID subfield or a Link Bitmap for indicating which link the signaling information exchanged between MLDs is for.
- the size of each subfield generally considered is 4-bit in the case of the Link ID subfield and 2-octet (16-bit) in the case of the Link Bitmap subfield.
- the reason why the Link Bitmap subfield is composed of 2-octet size is that the octet containing the number of bits closest to the number of links (15) that MLD can have is 2-octet (16 bits).
- the Link Bitmap subfield (including subfields with other names having bits corresponding to each Link) is defined as 2-octets.
- the EML Control field having a 3-octet size only 3-bits (as shown in FIG.
- one additional bit can be secured as a reserved bit by considering the EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield as a 15-bit size.
- the EMLSR Primary Link Part-2 subfield is indicated using B17 to B19 of the EML Control field, and B20 to B23 may be reserved subfields.
- EMLSR Primary Link Part-2 is indicated through B18 to B20, B17 to be the first Reserved subfield, and B21 to B23 to be the second Reserved subfield. (See Fig. 55 (c))
- the above-mentioned restriction that the link that can be indicated as the EMLSR primary link should not be a disabled (a state in which there is no TID mapped by TID-to-Link mapping) link may be a restriction applied to the entire EMLSR link.
- the EMLSR link is limited to a link that is not in a disabled state, that is, in an enabled state. Therefore, the non-AP MLD may need to indicate/set only the bits corresponding to the enabled link among the bits of the EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield transmitted by the non-AP MLD to 1.
- this restriction can be considered an obvious EMLSR link configuration restriction.
- a non-AP MLD operating in EMLSR mode has been restricted to apply a default TID-to-link mapping state to EMLSR links.
- EMLSR mode and TID-to-Link mapping provide independent functions, it is still allowed for non-AP MLDs operating non-AP STAs in EMLSR mode to perform TID-to-Link mapping negotiation. It can be. That is, the non-AP MLD is allowed to map different TIDs to each EMLSR link by performing TID-to-Link mapping negotiation with the AP MLD without applying the default TID-to-Link mapping state for EMLSR links. It can be.
- the first method is to prevent the EMLSR link of the non-AP MLD from being switched to Disabled when the non-AP MLD and AP MLD perform TID-to-link mapping negotiation. It may be to restrict the -to-link mapping negotiation.
- the MLD that transmits the TID-To-Link Mapping Request/Response frame must propose TID-to-Link mapping in which each EMLSR link is not disabled. More specifically, the MLD that transmits the TID-To-Link Mapping element to the counterpart MLD must transmit the TID-to-Link Mapping element to which at least one TID is mapped to each EMLSR link of itself and/or the counterpart MLD.
- the TID-to-Link Mapping element is an element that may be included in a TID-To-Link Mapping Request/Response frame and an Association Request/Response frame, and is an element including link information to be mapped to each TID.
- the completed negotiation may be invalid.
- the completion of the TID-to-link mapping negotiation means that the MLD that transmitted the TID-To-Link Mapping Response frame accepted the TID-to-link mapping status requested by the counterpart MLD. .
- the acceptance may be confirmed by setting the status code included in the TID-To-Link Mapping Response frame to accept.
- negotiation performed using the Association Request frame may accept the proposed TID-to-link mapping state by not including the TID-to-link mapping element in the Association Response frame.
- TID-to-link mapping change is valid/successful only when each TID is mapped to at least one setup link or when at least one TID is mapped to each EMLSR link.
- An MLD operation method that preferentially considers TID-to-link mapping which is the second method, may be to release the EMLSR mode of a link that is changed to Disabled as a result of TID-to-Link mapping negotiation performed between the two MLDs.
- the MLD may set at least one STA and at least one corresponding link among a plurality of STAs constituting the MLD and a plurality of links corresponding thereto to the EMLSR/EMLMR mode.
- whether or not the EMLSR/EMLMR mode may be indicated by a specific field included in the frame.
- These EMLSR / EMLMR STAs and links may be established by negotiation between the AP MLD and the non-AP MLD, and some STAs (non-AP STA, AP STA) and some of the links configured in the EMLSR / EMLMR mode A link can be removed in EMLSR/EMLMR mode.
- a link associated with the removed AP is one of EMLSR links or EMLMR links for non-AP MLDs.
- the AP MLD must remove the corresponding link from EMLSR links or EMLMR links for non-AP MLDs.
- signal exchange for informing of the removed link between the AP MLD and non-AP MLDs may not be necessary. That is, when an AP is removed from the AP-MLD in EMLSR/EMLMR mode, non-AP MLDs can recognize that a link corresponding to the removed AP has been removed from EMLSR/EMLMR links without a specific notification. At this time, the AP MLD may notify non-AP MLDs of the removal of the AP.
- the MLD may perform TID-to-link mapping with the counterpart MLD without considering whether each setup link is an EMLSR link. If a specific EMLSR link of a non-AP MLD needs to be switched (changed) to Disabled according to the result of the TID-to-link mapping negotiation negotiated between the two MLDs, the specific EMLSR link can be changed to no longer an EMLSR link. there is. That is, the STA of the non-AP MLD operating in the specific EMLSR link no longer operates in EMLSR mode.
- a non-AP MLD with three EMLSR links performed TID-to-link mapping negotiation with the AP MLD, and one EMLSR link ( When link 1) is switched to disabled, the non-AP MLD can operate only the remaining two links (link 2 and link 3) as EMLSR links except for the link (link 1) switched to disabled.
- the non-AP MLD needs to terminate not only the EMLSR link that is switched to disabled by TID-to-link mapping, but also the EMLSR mode of other EMLSR links. More specifically, the non-AP MLD must terminate the operation of EMLSR mode when the EMLSR mode of the EMLSR link, which is converted to Disabled by TID-to-link mapping, is released, and the remaining EMLSR link is 1 or 0. can do. That is, the non-AP MLD must end the EMLSR mode of all EMLSR links when the number of EMLSR links changed by TID-to-link mapping is 1 or 0.
- a non-AP MLD with two EMLSR links performs TID-to-link mapping with the AP MLD and one of the two EMLSR links is scheduled to be switched to Disabled, the non-AP MLD is set to Disabled.
- the EMLSR mode of the remaining EMLSR links as well as the switched EMLSR link must be terminated (released).
- This may be a considered EMLSR link management method because the operation of the EMLSR mode is meaningful when at least two EMLSR links exist. More specifically, if only one non-AP STA among the non-AP STAs operated by the non-AP MLD operates in EMLSR mode, an operation such as performing MIMO using RF of another EMLSR link cannot be performed.
- the non-AP MLD does not need to operate only one EMLSR link, and furthermore, it is an irrational operation to operate only one EMLSR link. For this reason, the non-AP MLD must not operate in EMLSR mode when the number of EMLSR links is changed (should be changed) by TID-to-link mapping and the number of remaining EMLSR links is 1 or 0. do.
- the EMLSR/EMLMR constituting the EMLSR/EMLMR link set of the non-AP MLD operating in EMLSR/EMLMR mode
- Some of the EMLMR links may be deleted. In this case, when the number of EMLSR/EMLMR links is '0' or '1' due to a link being deleted, the EMLSR/EMLMR mode of the non-AP MLD may end.
- the EMLSR/EMLMR mode of non-AP MLDs may end without a specific negotiation procedure.
- TID-to-link mapping restrictions may be considered to prevent the EMLSR mode from ending. More specifically, it is allowed to perform TID-to-link mapping on EMLSR links, but depending on the outcome of TID-to-link mapping negotiation, only 1 or 0 EMLSR links will be enabled for TID-to-links. A mapping can be restricted (invalid, ignored). That is, the TID-to-link mapping change can be considered valid only when the change by the TID-to-link mapping maintains at least two EMLSR links in an enable state (at least one TID is mapped).
- the MLD when the MLD performs TID-to-link mapping, it must perform TID-to-link mapping in which at least two of its EMLSR links or the EMLSR links of the other MLD are maintained as enabled. That is, the MLD must not perform TID-to-link mapping where 0 or 1 EMLSR link is enabled.
- the non-AP MLD when TID-to-link mapping in which the EMLSR link is switched to disabled is performed (requested and accepted), the non-AP MLD assigns the disabled link to the AP MLD as an EMLSR link set (pair ) must be transmitted.
- the frame in which the disabled link is excluded from the EMLSR link set means a frame including an EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield in which the bit corresponding to the disabled link is set to 0, an EML Operating Mode Notification frame in which the EMLSR Mode subfield is set to 0, and the like. do. (1. to 3. below describe the operation of non-AP MLD according to an embodiment of the present invention)
- the non-AP MLD may transmit an EML Operating Mode Notification frame in which the bit of the EMLSR link Bitmap subfield corresponding to the disabled link is set to 0 to the AP MLD in order to release the EMLSR mode of the link converted to disabled. That is, when the EMLSR link is switched to disabled by TID-to-link mapping, the non-AP MLD may transmit to the AP MLD an EML Operating Mode Notification frame indicating that only links other than the disabled link are the EMLSR links. At this time, the non-AP MLD may need to transmit a frame for releasing the EMLSR mode of the link switched to disabled along with a TID-to-link mapping Request/Response frame transmitted to switch the link to disabled. . (The AP MLD may transmit an EML Operating Mode Notification frame to the non-AP MLD in response to the EML Operating Mode Notification frame received from the non-AP MLD)
- the non-AP MLD may transmit the EML Control field in which the EMLSR Mode subfield is set to 0 to the AP MLD in order to release the EMLSR mode of the link converted to Disable and other EMLSR links. That is, when a specific EMLSR link is switched to Disable by TID-to-link mapping, the non-AP MLD releases the EMLSR mode of the specific EMLSR link and all other EMLSR links so that the disabled link does not become an EMLSR link. can At this time, the Non-AP MLD transmits a frame in which the EMLSR Mode subfield is set to 0 (eg, an EML Operating Mode Notification frame, a frame including an EML Control field, etc.) to convert the specific link to Disabled. It may need to be transmitted together with the link mapping Request/Response frame.
- a frame in which the EMLSR Mode subfield eg, an EML Operating Mode Notification frame, a frame including an EML Control field, etc.
- Non-AP MLD must transmit the EML Control field with the EMLSR Mode subfield set to 0 to the AP MLD when the number of EMLSR links other than the link switched to Disable is 1 or 0. At this time, the Non-AP MLD transmits a frame in which the EMLSR Mode subfield is set to 0 (eg, an EML Operating Mode Notification frame, a frame including an EML Control field, etc.) to convert the specific link to Disabled. It may need to be transmitted together with the link mapping Request/Response frame.
- a frame in which the EMLSR Mode subfield is set to 0 eg, an EML Operating Mode Notification frame, a frame including an EML Control field, etc.
- TID-to-link mapping negotiation in which at least one of the EMLSR links is switched to disabled is performed (requested/accepted)
- a separate EML Operating Mode Notification frame is not exchanged between MLDs. Even if not, the EMLSR link set of the non-AP MLD may be changed.
- the non-AP MLD may need to (again) transmit an EML Operating Mode Notification frame indicating only the EMLSR link, excluding the disabled link, to the AP MLD.
- This may be a non-AP MLD operation considered as transmission failure or instruction failure of the previously transmitted EML Operating Mode Notification frame. If the AP MLD receives another EML Operating Mode Notification frame from the non-AP MLD before responding to the EML Operating Mode Notification frame received from the non-AP MLD, only the last received EML Operating Mode Notification frame is considered valid. may need to be considered. That is, other EML Operating Mode Notification frames received prior to the last received EML Operating Mode Notification frame may be ignored.
- the non-AP MLD EMLSR mode is changed.
- the non-AP MLD operates in an operation mode other than the EMLSR mode (a mode without an EMLSR link).
- the AP MLD must operate after determining that the non-AP MLD has changed to an operating mode other than the EMLSR mode, even if the non-AP MLD does not perform a separate instruction. That is, when the AP MLD initiates frame exchange with a non-AP MLD, it is not necessary to transmit an initial control frame even if frame exchange is attempted on any link.
- the non-AP MLD is connected to the AP MLD through link 1, link 2, and link 3. That is, the non-AP MLD completed setup (association, etc.) with the AP MLD in three links through multi-link (re)setup.
- the non-AP MLD operates all three links connected to the AP MLD as EMLSR links.
- the AP MLD and the non-AP MLD perform a new TID-to-link mapping negotiation procedure, and link 3 is converted to a disabled state as the negotiated new TID-to-link mapping is applied.
- the non-AP MLD converts link 3 to a non-EMLSR link as link 3 is disabled. That is, the non-AP STA3 operated in link 3 is no longer operated in EMLSR mode.
- the non-AP MLD sends an EML Operating Mode Notification frame in which the bit corresponding to link 3 among the bits of the EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield is set to 0 (bits corresponding to link 1 and link 2 are set to 1) to AP MLD can be sent to
- the AP MLD recognizes that link 3 of the non-AP MLD is disabled, even if the EML Operating Mode Notification frame exchange between the AP MLD and the non-AP MLD is not performed, the non-AP MLD maintains the EMLSR mode of link 3. Upon release, it is possible for the AP MLD to perform an operation considering that link 3 of the non-AP MLD is no longer in EMLSR mode.
- 57 illustrates a method of releasing the EMLSR mode of a non-AP MLD after performing TID-to-link mapping according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the non-AP MLD is connected to the AP MLD through link 1, link 2, and link 3. That is, the non-AP MLD completed setup (association, etc.) with the AP MLD in three links through multi-link (re)setup.
- the non-AP MLD operates link 1 and link 3 among the three links connected to the AP MLD as EMLSR links.
- the AP MLD and the non-AP MLD perform a new TID-to-link mapping negotiation procedure, and link 3 is converted to a disabled state as the negotiated new TID-to-link mapping is applied.
- link 3 switches to a non-EMLSR link. That is, the non-AP STA3 operated in link 3 is no longer operated in EMLSR mode.
- the non-AP MLD also releases the EMLSR mode of link 1 considering that there is only one EMLSR link (link 1) excluding link 3 where the EMLSR mode is released. That is, since the non-AP MLD no longer has an EMLSR link, the EMLSR mode of the non-AP MLD is released.
- the non-AP MLD may transmit an EML Operating Mode Notification frame in which the EMLSR Mode subfield is set to 0 to the AP MLD in order to release the EMLSR mode.
- the AP MLD recognizes that link 3 of the non-AP MLD will be switched to Disabled and that there is only one EMLSR link of the non-AP MLD remaining, the EML Operating Mode between the AP MLD and the non-AP MLD Even if notification frame exchange is not performed, it is possible for the AP MLD to determine that the EMLSR mode of the non-AP MLD will be released. Therefore, the non-AP MLD can release the EMLSR mode itself without transmitting the EML Operating Mode Notification frame for releasing the EMLSR mode, and the AP MLD sends the EML Operating Mode Notification frame instructing the release of the EMLSR mode to the non-AP MLD. Even without receiving from the AP MLD, an operation considering that the EMLSR mode of the non-AP MLD has been released can be performed.
- AP MLD and non-AP MLD are connected through multiple links, and the TID-to-link mapping state between AP MLD and non-AP MLD changes during the time when the non-AP MLD creates and transmits the EMLSR link bitmap subfield. It is possible to become For example, before the non-AP MLD transmits the EMLSR link Bitmap subfield through the first link, the TID-to-Link mapping negotiation between the AP MLD and the non-AP MLD is performed in another link. The link mapping state may change.
- the AP MLD responds to the Disabled link of the non-AP MLD when receiving the EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield. It is confirmed that the bit indicated as 1. This occurs because the TID-to-link mapping state before the non-AP MLD configures the EMLSR link bitmap subfield and the TID-to-link mapping state at the time the EMLSR link bitmap subfield is received by the AP MLD may be different. It may be a phenomenon that
- the AP MLD may need to interpret the received EMLSR link Bitmap subfield considering the current TID-to-link mapping state of the non-AP MLD that transmitted the EMLSR link Bitmap subfield.
- the meaning of the current TID-to-link mapping state means the TID-to-link mapping state at the time when the EMLSR link bitmap subfield is received.
- the AP MLD may ignore the received EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield (or the EML Operating Mode Notification frame including the EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield). That is, in this case, the AP MLD does not respond to the EML Operating Mode Notification frame including the received EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield.
- the AP MLD considers the bit corresponding to the disabled link of the non-AP MLD among the bits of the EMLSR link bitmap subfield transmitted by the non-AP MLD as reserved (ignoring the bit corresponding to the disabled link). thing) is possible. That is, even if the EMLSR link bitmap subfield received from the non-AP MLD indicates the disabled link of the non-AP MLD as the EMLSR link, the AP MLD can interpret the disabled link as if it were not indicated as the EMLSR link.
- the non-AP MLD can consider only the links in the enabled state at the time when it receives the EML Operating Mode Notification frame response from the AP MLD among the bits indicated as 1 in the EMLSR link bitmap subfield as if it indicated the EMLSR link. .
- the non-AP MLD transmits an EMLSR link Bitmap subfield in which 3 bits corresponding to 3 links are set to 1, but at the time of receiving the EML Operating Mode Notification frame from the AP MLD, 2 of the 3 links If only enabled, the non-AP MLD may operate as if only the two links were indicated as EMLSR links.
- the AP MLD may operate as if only the link of the non-AP MLD in an enabled state was indicated as the EMLSR link at the time when the AP MLD transmits the EML Operating Mode Notification frame to the non-AP MLD. That is, in the same situation as in the example above, among the three links indicated by the non-AP MLD as the EMLSR links, the AP MLD has only two links that remain enabled at the time it transmits the EML Operating Mode Notification frame. It may need to act as directed from the non-AP MLD to the EMLSR link. That is, the AP MLD must operate after determining that the non-AP MLD operates only the remaining two links as EMLSR links. In this case, in the EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield of the EML Operating Mode Notification frame in which the AP MLD responds to the non-AP MLD, only two bits corresponding to the remaining two links may be set to 1.
- the AP MLD may respond to the non-AP MLD with an EML Operating Mode Notification frame having a value different from the EML Operating Mode Notification frame received from the non-AP MLD. More specifically, the AP MLD may respond to the non-AP MLD with an EML Operating Mode Notification frame indicating only some of the EMLSR links indicated by the EMLSR Operating Mode Notification frame received from the non-AP MLD as EMLSR links. there is.
- the non-AP MLD uses only the STAs of the link indicated as the EMLSR link in the EML Operating Mode Notification frame responded from the AP MLD, not the EMLSR link indicated in the EML Operating Mode Notification frame transmitted by the non-AP MLD to the AP MLD, in EMLSR mode. should be operated with
- the EML that includes the EMLSR Link Bitmap subfield The Operating Mode Notification frame may be considered invalid. That is, the non-AP MLD operates as if it did not transmit the EML Operating Mode Notification frame, and the AP MLD operates as if the EML Operating Mode Notification frame was not received from the non-AP MLD. That is, in this case, the EMLSR link set (pair) of the non-AP MLD is not changed.
- 58 illustrates operations of a non-AP MLD and an AP MLD for establishing an EMLSR link in consideration of a changed TID-to-link mapping according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- an AP MLD and a non-AP MLD are multi-link connected through three links (link 1, link 2, and link 3).
- Non-AP STA3, which is an STA of a non-AP MLD operating on link 3 transmits an EML Operating Mode Notification frame instructing link 1, link 2, and link 3 as EMLSR links to AP MLD (AP3).
- the AP MLD transmits a TID-to-link mapping Request frame that converts Link 1 of the non-AP MLD to Disabled (no TID is mapped to Link 1) to the non-AP MLD through AP2.
- the non-AP MLD responded with a TID-to-link mapping Response frame accepting the TID-to-link mapping requested by the AP MLD, and accordingly, link 1 is switched to a disabled link to the non-AP MLD.
- the non-AP MLD considers that the previous EML Operating Mode Notification frame instructing link 1 as the EMLSR link failed, and sends an EML Operating Mode Notification frame instructing only link 2 and link 3 as the EMLSR link to the AP MLD. may be sent again. (not represented in FIG. 58)
- the AP MLD considers link 1 among the links indicated as the EMLSR link in the EML Operating Mode Notification frame received from the non-AP MLD cannot be used as an EMLSR link, and transmits the EML Operating Mode Notification frame as a response to the non-AP MLD. In the Mode Notification frame, only link 2 and link 3 can be indicated as EMLSR links.
- a non-AP MLD When a non-AP MLD switches to EMLSR mode, it transmits an EML Operating Mode Notification frame to the AP MLD, and the AP MLD transmits an EML Operating Mode Notification frame to the non-AP MLD in response to the received EML Operating Mode Notification frame. do.
- the EML Operating Mode Notification frame transmitted by the AP MLD as a response must be responded within the time interval indicated by the AP MLD.
- the time interval indicated by the AP MLD means the time interval indicated in the Transition Timeout subfield of the EML Capabilities subfield transmitted by the AP MLD.
- the EML Capabilities subfield is included in the Basic Multi-Link element.
- an AP MLD indicating 1 TU through the Transition Timeout subfield must transmit an EML Operating Mode Notification frame to the non-AP MLD within 1 TU in response to the EML Operating Mode Notification frame received from the non-AP MLD.
- the Transition Timeout time that can be indicated by the AP MLD can reach from 0 TUs to a maximum of 128 TUs.
- Fig. 59 shows the interpretation of Transition Timeout indication values and indicated times as a table. See Fig. 59)
- the time point at which the AP MLD transmits the EML Operating Mode Notification frame may differ by up to 100 TUs or more from the time point at which the non-AP MLD transmits the EML Operating Mode Notification frame. Therefore, the AP MLD transmits the EML Operating Mode Notification frame.
- the link configuration of the AP MLD may change. For example, the link where the AP of the AP MLD was operated when the AP MLD receives the EML Operating Mode Notification frame from the non-AP MLD is no longer operated when the AP MLD responds to the EML Operating Mode Notification frame.
- the link configuration is changed/planned such that the number of links of the AP MLD is changed before responding to the EML Operating Mode Notification frame.
- the link that the non-AP MLD tried to switch to the EMLSR link through the EML Operating Mode Notification frame is the link that the AP MLD does not operate the AP at the time the AP MLD responds to the EML Operating Mode Notification frame (or the reconfiguration procedure link that plans to remove the AP via .
- the AP MLD has a plan to remove a specific AP through a reconfiguration procedure, it is considered that the AP MLD does not have a link of the specific AP.
- the AP MLD may need to perform an operation considering the link configuration difference between the time of receiving the EML Operating Mode Notification frame from the non-AP MLD and the time of responding to the EML Operating Mode Notification frame from the non-AP MLD.
- the AP MLD may not respond to the received EML Operating Mode Notification frame.
- the AP MLD may not respond to the received EML Operating Mode Notification frame.
- the AP MLD may not respond to the received EML Operating Mode Notification frame.
- the AP MLD interprets only the still existing links as being indicated as EMLSR links, and EML An Operating Mode Notification frame may be responded to the non-AP MLD.
- the AP MLD instructs, as the EMLSR link, only those links that still exist at the time the AP MLD responds to the EML Operating Mode Notification frame among the links indicated as the EMLSR link in the EML Operating Mode Notification frame transmitted by the non-AP MLD. You may need to respond with an EML Operating Mode Notification frame that
- the non-AP MLD transmits the EML Operating Mode Notification frame and switches only the links indicated as the EMLSR link in the EML Operating Mode Notification frame responded from the AP MLD to the EMLSR link, not the links indicated as the EMLSR link.
- the method of indicating the EMLSR link in the EML Operating Mode Notification frame may be that a link corresponding to a bit indicated as 1 among bits of the EMLSR link Bitmap subfield included in the EML Operating Mode Notification frame is indicated as the EMLSR link.
- the non-AP MLD receiving information related to multi-link reconfiguration instructed by the AP MLD and recognizing that a specific link will be removed sends an EML Operating Mode Notification frame indicating only links other than the specific link to the EMLSR link to the AP. You may need to send (again) to the MLD. This may be a non-AP MLD operation considered as transmission failure or instruction failure of the previously transmitted EML Operating Mode Notification frame. If the AP MLD receives another EML Operating Mode Notification frame from the non-AP MLD before responding to the EML Operating Mode Notification frame received from the non-AP MLD, only the last received EML Operating Mode Notification frame is considered valid. may need to be considered. That is, other EML Operating Mode Notification frames received prior to the last received EML Operating Mode Notification frame may be ignored.
- the EMLSR mode operated by the non-AP MLD may be changed/terminated by a multi-link reconfiguration operation performed by the AP MLD. More specifically, one or more links among the EMLSR links operated by the non-AP MLD may be removed by a multi-link reconfiguration operation performed by the AP MLD.
- the non-AP MLD must perform an operation considering the removed link. That is, the non-AP MLD transmits an EML Operating Mode Notification frame indicating that the removed link (link of the removed AP) is not an EMLSR link to the AP MLD, or the removed link is an EMLSR link without separate signaling. It should be considered excluded from the set.
- the operation method considering the link removed by the multi-link reconfiguration operation is the same as the operation method considering the link converted/switched to disabled by TID-to-link mapping, a detailed description is omitted.
- the operation considering the disabled link described above can be equally utilized when the disabled link is changed to a link removed by a multi-link reconfiguration operation. For example, in a non-AP MLD that operated two EMLSR links (link 1 and link 2), when one of the two EMLSR links (link 1) is removed as a result of multi-link reconfiguration performed by the AP MLD , the EMLSR mode of the remaining one EMLSR link (link 2) must also be terminated (ie, the non-AP MLD terminates the EMLSR mode).
- 60 illustrates operations of a non-AP MLD and an AP MLD for establishing an EMLSR link in consideration of a changed AP MLD link configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- an AP MLD and a non-AP MLD are in a multi-link connected state through three links (link 1, link 2, and link 3).
- Non-AP STA3, which is an STA of a non-AP MLD operating on link 3 transmits an EML Operating Mode Notification frame instructing link 1, link 2, and link 3 as EMLSR links to AP MLD (AP3).
- the AP MLD transmits Reconfiguration Multi-Link element information indicating that AP1 operating in link 1 will be removed through link 2.
- the non-AP MLD can recognize that link 1 will soon be removed based on information of the Reconfiguration Multi-link element received on link 2. Accordingly, the non-AP MLD may transmit an EML Operating Mode Notification frame indicating only link 2 and link 3 as EMLSR links to the AP MLD again. (not represented in FIG. 58)
- the AP MLD considers link 1 among the links indicated as the EMLSR link in the EML Operating Mode Notification frame received from the non-AP MLD cannot be used as an EMLSR link, and transmits the EML Operating Mode Notification frame as a response to the non-AP MLD. In the Mode Notification frame, only link 2 and link 3 can be indicated as EMLSR links.
- the non-AP MLD can continue to maintain the link in the disabled state as the EMLSR link even if the EMLSR link becomes disabled. This may be an operation for operating the corresponding link as an EMLSR link again without performing separate signaling when the disabled state of the link is released.
- the non-AP MLD may operate its own EMLSR links (EMLSR mode links) in different ways considering whether the corresponding link is enabled or disabled.
- the non-AP MLD may support reception of an initial control frame in an enabled EMLSR link and perform CCA. This is a general EMLSR mode operation.
- the non-AP MLD may not support reception of CCA and initial control frames on the disabled EMLSR link. That is, among non-AP STAs operating in EMLSR mode, non-AP STAs operating in a disabled link may not perform a listening operation for EMLSR mode operation.
- EMLSR/EMLMR links in EMLSR/EMLMR mode transmission/reception of an initial control frame and CCA operation are possible on an enabled link, but transmission/reception of an initial control frame and CCA operation may not be possible on a disabled link.
- a listening operation may be performed on an enabled link, but a listening operation may not be performed on a disabled link. That is, the STA constituting the MLD may suspend all radio functions on a disabled link until the corresponding link is enabled.
- a non-AP MLD operating in EMLSR for an AP MLD supporting the EMLSR mode may perform a listening operation through a corresponding link in an awake state. At this time, the listening operation may exchange an initial control frame with the CCA operation and the AP MLD.
- the AP MLD sends an initial control frame when starting a frame exchange sequence on the EMSR link of the non-AP MLD when the non-AP MLD has only one enabled EMLSR link (there may be other EMLSR links that are disabled). may not transmit. This is because, since the non-AP MLD does not perform a listening operation on another (disabled link) EMLSR link, frame exchange can be initiated immediately without a separate RF switching operation (Transition) on the enabled state EMLSR link. It may be an operation of an AP MLD that is allowed.
- MLD utilizes TID-to-Link mapping for the purpose of enhancing QoS, and thus can perform service link differentiation considering the characteristics of traffic to be served by the MAC.
- This is understood to mean that MLD utilizes each link as an AL (Access link) and differentiates ALs according to traffic characteristics, similar to the conventional Wi-Fi that uses the EDCA mechanism to differentiate ACs according to traffic characteristics.
- the traffic to be processed by the MAC of Wi-Fi includes not only the MSDU requested to be processed by the upper layer, but also a management frame including information for operating the BSS.
- this management frame unlike each MSDU having a TID, it does not have an individual TID.
- the QoS STA needs to determine the AC to utilize when transmitting the QoS management frame, and the conventional 802.11 standard provides a default QMF policy for the QoS management frame, so that the QoS STA manages the QoS (hereinafter referred to as management frame). It is possible to determine the AC to be used when transmitting a frame.
- the QMF policy may be changed by a QoS AP that operates a QoS BSS.
- an AC corresponding to a management frame may exist.
- the AC corresponding to the management frame may be determined by the QMF policy. At this time, it is possible to call the AC corresponding to the management frame a QMF access category. Also, the management frame type or QMF AC may be determined based on the type, subtype, or category value corresponding to the management frame. In addition, a service in which an AC corresponding to a management frame exists or a service in which channel access is performed based on an AC based on a QMF policy when transmitting a management frame may be referred to as a QMF service. In addition, frame transmission based on the QMF policy can be limited to the case where both the STA transmitting the frame and the STA that is the receiver of the frame support QMF.
- Table 1 below shows some examples of Default QMF policies.
- AC_VO is set to default AC, so QoS STAs use the CW and AIFSN parameters of AC_VO when transmitting an Association Request or responding to an Association Response. You can do it.
- a Timing Advertisement if the default AC is set to AC_BE and the QoS AP has not separately changed the QMF policy of the QoS BSS, the QoS STA must transmit the Timing Advertisement using the CW and AIFSN parameters of AC_BE. do.
- the reason why different QMF access categories are assigned according to the type of management frame in the default QMF policy is that there are types of management frames that do not have a high urgency to process, and the process of processing the management frames that do not have a high urgency. This is to prevent service of other traffic and management frames from being delayed.
- MLD differentiates management frames according to their types, similar to how ALs are differentiated according to TID through TID-to-Link mapping. It can be mapped to different links according to
- the default QMF policy of MLD may be set so that all QMFs can utilize all ACs.
- the default QMF policy of MLD may set the QMF access category to AC_Any for management frames of all subtypes.
- the management frame when the QMF service is enabled, the management frame may be transmitted based on an access category corresponding to the management frame. However, based on the access category may be limited to channel access. According to an embodiment of the present invention, when a management frame is transmitted when the QMF service is enabled, it is transmitted based on an access category corresponding to the management frame, but it can be transmitted in any link regardless of TID-to-link mapping. For example, even when an AC corresponding to a management frame is not mapped to a link based on TID-to-link mapping, it may be possible to transmit the management frame on the link.
- each management frame can be mapped to a link to which the traffic corresponding to the AC is mapped according to the QMF access category (see Table 1) assigned to each management frame. . That is, it is possible to transmit management frames based on TID-to-link mapping.
- the management frame can be transmitted on the link.
- an AC (or TID) is not mapped to a link and the AC (or TID) corresponding to the management frame is the AC (or TID)
- the management frame cannot be transmitted on the link.
- an Association Req/Resp management frame to which the QMF access category is assigned AC_VO can be mapped to the specific Link.
- the QoS STA can change the AC to be used when processing each management frame without following the default QMF policy, and thus can freely change the link to which each management frame is mapped by changing the AC assigned to each management frame.
- the MLD can perform QMF-to-Link mapping for each QMF in a similar manner to TID-to-Link mapping, even for QMFs that do not have TIDs.
- a specific QMF it may include information that needs to be exchanged between each STA of the MLD, rather than information exchanged at the MLD level like a general MSDU.
- the MLD maps the specific QMF only to a specific link, there is a problem in that an STA operating in a link other than the specific link cannot transmit the specific QMF.
- the management frame can be transmitted to all links regardless of TID-to-link mapping.
- the link to which the management frame is transmitted may be an enabled link in which TID-to-link mapping is set.
- the enabled link means a link in which a mapping relationship with at least one TID is established.
- a management frame when a management frame is transmitted only through an enabled link, a management frame may not be transmitted when there is no enabled link except for a broadcasted management frame that is transmitted regardless of a link. Therefore, in the case of a specific management frame, it can be transmitted even when there is no enabled link.
- 61 illustrates an embodiment of a TID-to-Link mapping element indicating a QMF that can be transmitted regardless of Link.
- the MLD when performing TID-to-Link mapping, may indicate a QMF that can be mapped to all Links regardless of the AC given by the QMF policy.
- information related to the management frame subtype may be indicated in the TID-to-Link Mapping element, and the management frame of the indicated subtype will be mapped to all links regardless of the AC (or TID) assigned to the management frame.
- the TID-to-Link Mapping element may have a QMF Support field corresponding to each Link ID.
- the QMF Support field indicates whether all types of QMFs can be mapped to a link indicated by a corresponding Link ID field. More specifically, when the QMF Support field corresponding to a specific link is 1 (true), all types of QMFs can be mapped to the specific link regardless of the QMF policy of each QMF.
- a (QMF) management frame subtype may appear in the TID-to-Link Mapping element.
- the QMF of the subtype corresponding to the value indicated by the subtype field of the management frame can be mapped to all links regardless of the assigned AC.
- the Management Frame Subtype field is indicated as 0101 (Probe Response)
- the probe response frame can be mapped to all Links regardless of ACs granted (assigned/instructed) by QMF policy.
- the TID-to-Link Mapping element may include a QMF Support field for indicating whether all QMFs can be mapped to each link.
- the TID-to-Link Mapping element may include (QMF) Management Frame Subtype for indicating whether a management frame of a specific subtype can be mapped to all links.
- QMF QMF Management Frame Subtype
- signaling indicating whether to base TID-to-link mapping may exist. That is, when transmitting a QMF on a specific link, there may be signaling indicating whether transmission availability is determined based on TID-to-link mapping.
- the signaling indicates a preset value
- the signaling indicates a preset value
- it is possible to transmit QMF based on TID-to-link mapping that is, when an AC corresponding to a QMF is mapped to a link based on TID-to-link mapping, it may be possible to transmit the link.
- the AC corresponding to the QMF is not mapped to a link based on TID-to-link mapping, it may not be transmitted on the link.
- the MLD receives a QMF that solicits a response, such as a probe request / response, through a specific link, regardless of the MLD's QMF-to-Link mapping policy, the response QMF frame is responded through the specific link ( can be sent). That is, when a QMF frame of a request nature is received on a specific link, a QMF frame of a response nature in response to it can be replied through the specific link regardless of AC. In addition, when a QMF frame of a request nature is received on a specific link, a QMF frame of a response nature in response to it can be replied through the specific link regardless of QMF-to-Link mapping.
- 62 illustrates an embodiment of an MLD operation in which a QMF policy is established through TID-to-Link mapping.
- FIG. 62 is an example of a TID-to-Link Mapping element that can be created to perform TID-to-Link mapping for three links.
- the MLD that created the element is associated with other MLDs using more than 4 Links, Links not explicitly indicated by the Link ID fields of the element are default TID-to-Link mapping It can be interpreted by the receiving MLD as implicitly indicating that it will utilize.
- MLD can map and transmit traffic having TIDs 0 to 3 using Link1.
- the TIDs 0 to 3 are AC_BK (UP 1, 2) and AC_BE (UP 0 , 3) may be a TID corresponding to.
- QMF Support of Link1 is indicated as 1 (true), and therefore, the MLD is all types regardless of the AC assigned to each QMF through Link1 ( subtype) of QMF can be transmitted (mapped).
- the MLD can transmit (map) traffic having TIDs 0 to 3 the same as Link1 through Link2, but the QMF support field corresponding to Link2 (FIG. 62( Since (a_2) in a) is indicated as 0, only QMFs to which the same AC as the TID mapped to Link2 can be mapped to Link2 and transmitted. However, since 1111 is indicated through the (QMF) Management Frame Subtype field ((a_common) in FIG. At this time, in order for the STA of Link2 to transmit the QMF 1111, it may need to attempt channel access by applying an AC assigned to the QMF 1111 (indicated by the QMF policy).
- Traffic having TIDs 4 to 7 may be transmitted (mapped) to Link3 of the MLD, and in this case, the TIDs 4 to 7 may be traffic mapped with AC_VI and AC_VO.
- the MLD since the QMF support field corresponding to Link3 ((a_3) in FIG. 16(a)) is indicated as 0, the MLD can transmit or map only QMFs to which AC_VI/AC_VO is assigned through Link3.
- the MLD can transmit (map) the QMF 1111 whose Management Frame Subtype is 1111 through the Link3.
- it may need to attempt channel access by applying an AC assigned to the QMF 1111 (indicated by the QMF policy).
- MLDs can enhance QoS by mapping each TID to a different link by performing TID-to-Link mapping.
- Embodiments of the present invention described below provide a specific signaling method and negotiation progress method of TID-to-Link Mapping performed between MLDs.
- the response MLD receiving the TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame may transmit an Immediate Ack frame (responsed after SIFS) as a response, which may be omitted for brevity.
- An MLD (AP MLD or non-AP MLD) requesting TID-to-Link Mapping indicates a specific TID and a specific Link using the TID-to-Link Mapping element to map the indicated TID to the indicated Link. You can ask to do it.
- the TID-to-Link Mapping element may be used to indicate multiple TID groups and multiple Link groups together.
- a single TID-to-Link Mapping element may indicate TID sets #1, #2, and #3 corresponding to Link sets #1, #2, and #3, respectively.
- TID set #1 is indicated in correspondence with Link set #1, it can be understood that mapping of TIDs corresponding to TID set #1 to Links corresponding to Link set #1 is attempted.
- the TID-to-Link Mapping element including the TID and Link information for which the mapping is desired may be transmitted through a TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame (included in the TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame).
- the MLD transmitting the TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame may be referred to as an initiating MLD or a requesting MLD.
- the MLD that has received the TID-to-Link Mapping element (TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame) including the TID and Link indication information is the TID that the MLD that sent the TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame wants. - Mapping information between Links can be checked. Thereafter, the MLD that has received the TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame accepts (accepts/adopts) or rejects (refuses/rejects/denies) the mapping between the TID and Link requested by the initiating MLD. You may need to respond with a Mapping Response frame. At this time, since the MLD receiving the request frame must respond with a TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame, it can be called a responding MLD.
- the responding MLD may respond without including the TID-to-Link Mapping element in the TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame to which it responds when accepting the TID-Link Mapping requested from the initiating MLD. That is, if the TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame received in response to the TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame transmitted by the initiating MLD does not include the TID-to-Link Mapping element, the initiating MLD receives the requested TID - It can be recognized that link-to-link mapping has been accepted from the response MLD.
- the suspension for a certain period of time may be for managing transmission queues of STAs of each Link included in (connected to) each MLD. More specifically, after the TID-to-Link mapping negotiation is completed, each MLD may have a grace period to manage the transmission queue of the STA corresponding to each link according to the negotiated TID-to-Link mapping state. That is, after the grace period corresponding to the predetermined time has elapsed, the two MLDs that have completed TID-to-Link mapping must perform communication according to the negotiated TID-to-Link Mapping status. At this time, performing communication according to the TID-to-Link Mapping state means that only the traffic (frame, etc.) of the TID mapped to the corresponding link can be transmitted/received in a specific link.
- the responding MLD when it tries to reject the TID-to-Link Mapping requested from the initiating MLD, it may respond by including the TID-to-Link Mapping element in the TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame to which it responds. .
- the TID-to-Link Mapping element included in the Response frame may indicate a different TID and Link from the TID-to-Link Mapping element included in the Request frame.
- TID 0 may be indicated in correspondence with Link 1.
- the initiating MLD that transmitted the Request frame proposes to map TID 0 with Link 1. It can be recognized that this was rejected.
- the initiating MLD can recognize that the response MLD wants to map TID 0 with Link 2 by confirming that TID 0 is indicated in correspondence with Link 2 in the response frame received from the response MLD.
- the initiating MLD receives a response from the responding MLD with a response frame including the TID-to-Link Mapping element, the initiating MLD constructs a Request frame to be (again) transmitted to the responding MLD, the received Response frame It may be necessary to indicate the same mapping information between TID-Links indicated in .
- the response MLD may want to accept only a part of TID-Link mapping indicated (requested) by the initiating MLD through the TID-to-Link Mapping element.
- the initiating MLD may request mapping of TID 0 to Link 1 by indicating TID 0 in correspondence with Link 1, and at the same time request mapping of TID 1 to Link 2 by indicating TID 1 in correspondence with Link 2.
- the responding MLD may want to accept only one of the two mapping requests (TID 0 to Link 1, TID 1 to Link 2) requested by the initiating MLD.
- the response MLD may accept the TID-Link Mapping request requested in relation to the specific TID by indicating only the TID other than the specific TID to be accepted in the TID-to-Link Mapping element included in the Response frame.
- the response MLD is the TID-Link Mapping to be accepted among the TID-Link Mapping lists (which can be fields or subfields) indicated from the initiating MLD (included in the TID-to-Link Mapping element of the Request frame). If there is, the consent intention can be implicitly indicated by not indicating the corresponding TID (TID to be accepted) in the Response frame.
- the TID-Link Mapping request for the TID is accepted. can be perceived (interpreted) as
- the AP MLD can help non-AP STAs (MLDs) receiving the Beacon frame to recognize their preferred TID-Link Mapping state.
- the non-AP STA MLD may request TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation using a TID-to-Link Mapping element when transmitting an Association Request frame to the corresponding AP MLD.
- the non-AP STA MLD may need to set a TID-to-Link Mapping element to be included in the Association Request frame transmitted by the non-AP STA MLD in consideration of the preferred TID-Link Mapping state of the AP indicated through the Beacon frame.
- the AP MLD including the TID-to-Link Mapping element in the Beacon frame may be limited to an AP MLD supporting TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation.
- the TID-to-Link Mapping element may be included in the (Re)Association Request/Response Frame and transmitted or may be transmitted through the TID-to-Link Mapping Request/Response Frame.
- the TID-to-Link Mapping element included in the two types of Response frames may be included to propose a preferred TID-Link Mapping to the MLD that transmitted the Request frame.
- the Response Frame (unsolicited response frame) transmitted without receiving the Request Frame including the TID-to-Link Mapping element suggests (instructs) the preferred TID-to-Link Mapping status to the MLD, which is the single-purpose device of the frame. ) can be sent to
- 63 illustrates an embodiment of a format of a TID-to-Link mapping element.
- the TID-to-Link Mapping element Since the TID-to-Link Mapping element must indicate a TID-Link pair, it can have a configuration including a subfield indicating TID and a subfield indicating Link. At this time, subfields indicating TID and Link may be used to indicate a single TID and Link, or may be used to indicate a TID set and a Link set. At this time, a method of indicating TID and Link, TID set, and Link set may be similar to the TID indication method using the 8-bit TIDs info field described in the embodiment of FIG. 11 .
- an 8-bit Links info field may be used to indicate a Link set, and each bit of the Links info field may be used to indicate whether TIDs indicated in each index and corresponding Link correspond. .
- TIDs Info field and Links Info field included in the TID-to-Link Mapping element indicates that the TIDs Info field is indicated as 1111 0000 and the Links Info field is indicated as 1100 0000, TID 0 to TID 3 are It can be understood that it is proposed / inversely proposed to be mapped with Link 1 (0) to Link 2 (1).
- the TID-to-Link Mapping element may have a configuration including a plurality of TID-to-Link Mapping Info fields (see (c) of FIG. 63).
- the TID-to-Link Mapping element may indicate different TIDs and Links in each TID-to-Link Mapping Info field through a plurality of TID-to-Link Mapping Info fields.
- a specific TID cannot be indicated in more than one TID-to-Link Mapping Info field.
- each TID must be indicated only once (or less than once) within the TID-to-Link Mapping element. For example, if TID 0 is indicated in the TID Info subfield of the first TID-to-Link Mapping Info field of the TID-to-Link Mapping element, TID 0 is indicated in the remaining TID-to-Link Mapping Info fields included in the element. may or may not be directed. At this time, the indication of TID 0 may indicate that TID 0 alone or a TID set including TID 0 (eg, TID 0 to TID 3) is indicated.
- the format of the TID-to-Link Mapping element may differ according to the number of included TID-to-Link Mapping Info fields. Therefore, the TID-to-Link Mapping element may include a field for indicating information related to its length.
- the TID-to-Link Mapping Control field may be indicated before the TID-to-Link Mapping Info field to indicate information related to the length of the TID-to-Link Mapping Info fields.
- the information related to the length is the number of TID-to-Link Mapping Info fields (FIG. 63(c)) included in the TID-to-Link Mapping Info fields and the length of each TID-to-Link Mapping Info field (size) may be relevant information. That is, information about the length may be information related to the number of one or more TIDs mapped to one or more links.
- the TID-to-Link Mapping Control field may include a TID-to-Link Mapping Info size subfield and a Link Bitmap size subfield.
- the TID-to-Link Mapping Info size subfield may indicate information related to the length of TID-to-Link Mapping Info fields included in the TID-to-Link Mapping element.
- the TID-to-Link Mapping Info size subfield may indicate the number of TID-to-Link Mapping Info fields included in the TID-to-Link Mapping element.
- the TID-to-Link Mapping Info size subfield may indicate the size (octet unit, etc.) of TID-to-Link Mapping Info fields included in the TID-to-Link Mapping element.
- the Link Bitmap size subfield may be used to indicate the size of the Link Info subfield included in each TID-to-Link Mapping Info field.
- the reason why the Link Bitmap size subfield is required is that, unlike the fixed number of TIDs of 8 (TID 0 to TID 7), the number of Links in MLD can be variable. Accordingly, the Link Bitmap size subfield may indicate a value related to the size of the Link Info subfield included in the TID-to-Link Mapping Info field.
- the Link Bitmap size subfield is composed of 1 bit and may indicate one of the sizes of a preset Link Info subfield. For example, when the Link Bitmap size subfield appears as 0, it is indicated that the size of the Link Info subfield is 8 bits, and when the Link Bitmap size subfield appears as 1, it is indicated that the size of the Link Info subfield is 16 bits.
- TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation can be performed independently for DL and UL directions as described above (see FIG. 11). Accordingly, TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation performed between MLDs through the TID-to-Link Mapping element may proceed simultaneously in DL and UL directions. That is, information for negotiating DL TID-to-Link Mapping and UL TID-to-Link Mapping may be simultaneously indicated in a single TID-to-Link Mapping element. Considering this, TID-to-Link Mapping Info fields may include both DL TID-to-Link Mapping Info field(s) and UL TID-to-Link Mapping Info field(s).
- the TID-to-Link Mapping info size subfield indicates information related to the size of the DL TID-to-Link Mapping Info field(s) and the size of the UL TID-to-Link Mapping Info field(s), respectively. To do this, it may be composed of two types of TID-to-Link Mapping info size subfields (DL TID-to-Link Mapping Info size subfield and UL TID-to-Link Mapping Info size subfield). However, if information on DL and UL is not separately indicated in the TID-to-Link Mapping element, the unidirectional TID-to-Link applied to the transmission or reception direction of the MLD that transmitted the request frame including the TID-to-Link Mapping element It may be Link Mapping information.
- each TID is indicated more than once in the TID-to-Link Mapping element.
- the TID set including TID 0 is mapped to Link 1
- the second TID-to-Link In the second of the Mapping Info fields another TID set including TID 0 may be mapped to Link 2 and indicated.
- the received MLD (response MLD) TID0 is both Link 1 indicated through the 1st TID-to-Link Mapping Info field and Link 2 indicated through the 2nd TID-to-Link Mapping Info field. It can be interpreted as mapping.
- the response MLD may complete TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation by mapping TID 0 to Link 1 to Link 2 by responding with a Response frame not including a TID-to-Link Mapping element.
- TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation may be performed between MLDs using the TID-to-Link Mapping element.
- the initiating MLD indicates the TID-Link Mapping it wishes to propose (preferred) by using the TID-to-Link Mapping element included in the Request frame (TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame or (Re)Association Request frame). can do.
- the responding MLD may determine whether to accept the TID-Link Mapping indicated by the TID-to-Link Mapping element.
- the responding MLD and the initiating MLD may utilize a TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame, a TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame, a TID-to-Link Mapping Teardown frame, etc. to perform TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation.
- the TID-to-Link Mapping Req/Resp/Teardown frame may be frame formats corresponding to the TID-to-Link Mapping Action frame. That is, in the Category field of the Action field, a value indicating TID-to-Link Mapping Action frame is indicated, and in the Action Details field, TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame, TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame, and TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame are indicated. A value for distinguishing a Link Mapping Teardown frame may be indicated. For example, the TID-to-Link Mapping Action frame may be indicated as a category value between 32 and 125 remaining reserved in 11 ax.
- the TID-to-Link Mapping Req/Resp/Teardown frame may be identified by indicating 0, 1, and 2, respectively, in 1 octet immediately following the Category field. That is, if the value of the Category field of the Action frame is indicated as 32 and the next octet of the Category field indicates 0 (0000 0000), the corresponding Action frame may be a TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame.
- the response MLD intends to reject all or part of the TID-Link Mapping method proposed by the initiating MLD
- the response MLD sends a TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame (TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame, (Re)Association Response Frame) to the response MLD.
- TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame, (Re)Association Response Frame
- the TID-Link Mapping proposed from the initiating MLD may be rejected. That is, when a response is received with the TID-to-Link Mapping element included in the Response Frame, it can be understood that the TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation between the initiating MLD and the responding MLD has not been completed.
- the TID-to-Link Mapping Info field included in the TID-to-Link Mapping element of the Response Frame may indicate TID-Link Mapping information that the response MLD inversely proposes to the initiating MLD. For example, if the initiating MLD suggested (instructed/requested) mapping TID 0 to Link 1 (via Request frame), and the response MLD instructed TID 0 to be mapped to Link 2 through Request frame, The initiating MLD can interpret that the responding MLD proposed (inversely) mapping TID 0 to Link 2.
- TID-Link Mappings proposed (requested) by the response MLD only some TID-Link Mappings are indicated (reverse-proposed) through the Response frame, thereby requesting Link Mapping for the remaining TIDs except for the indicated TID. It is possible to accept the instruction (suggested) through the frame. In other words, it can be understood that the TID-Link Mapping of the initiating MLD for the TID not indicated by the response MLD through the Response frame is accepted from the response MLD.
- the initiating MLD indicates Link Mapping for a specific TID in the TID-to-Link Mapping element of the Request frame
- the specific TID is not indicated in the TID-to-Link Mapping element of the Response frame
- the specific TID It should be interpreted that the Link Mapping request proposed for is accepted by the responding MLD.
- the response MLD does not include mapping information related to the mapping relationship to TID in the TID-to-Link Mapping element included in the response frame, so that the TID requested (or proposed) by the initiating MLD through the request frame. It is possible to implicitly accept the mapping relationship between the link and the link.
- the initiating MLD does not include the mapping information for the mapping relationship for some TIDs in the TID-to-Link Mapping element included in the request frame, so that the mapping relationship with links of some TIDs is implicitly transmitted to the response MLD.
- mapping information for some TIDs among a plurality of TIDs for link mapping is transferred to the TID-to-Link of the request frame.
- the mapping relationship for some TIDs not included can be implicitly indicated to the response MLD. In other words, if mapping information on a mapping relationship between a specific TID and a link is missing from the request frame, the mapping relationship between the specific TID and a link may be implicitly indicated (or suggested).
- the implicit suggestion may be that 1) a previously established mapping relationship remains valid without being changed, or 2) a mapping relationship between a TID and a link may be a default mapping relationship.
- the basic mapping relationship may be a mapping relationship in which all links are mapped to one TID.
- the implicit proposal may be a proposal to map a TID not indicated in the TID-to-Link Mapping element to all links. That is, if the starting MLD does not indicate a specific TID in the TID-to-Link Mapping element included in the Request frame, the specific TID may be (implicitly) instructed/requested to be mapped to all links.
- the implicit proposal may be a proposal to maintain a previously negotiated Link Mapping state for a TID not indicated in the TID-to-Link Mapping element. That is, if the initiating MLD does not indicate a specific TID in the TID-to-Link Mapping element included in the Request frame, the specific TID is already established before transmitting the Request frame including the corresponding TID-to-Link Mapping element. It may be an instruction/request (implicitly) to maintain the TID-Link Mapping state.
- the initiating MLD does not indicate information on the specific TID in the next Request frame transmitted, so that the specific TID You may want to keep the already accepted Link Mapping state valid without changing it.
- the initiating MLD sends the specific TID By not indicating information on , it may be desired to maintain the Link Mapping state for the specific TID.
- the state in which there is a TID-to-Link Mapping mode in which the negotiation is completed is a state in which the default TID-to-Link Mapping mode is applied between both MLDs after association is performed, or the most recent TID-to-Link transmitted/received between MLDs.
- -Link Mapping Response Frame may not include TID-to-Link Mapping element.
- the responding MLD wants to accept all TID-Link Mappings (explicitly/implicitly) suggested by the initiating MLD
- the responding MLD receives the TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame from the initiating MLD and then the TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame.
- -Can respond with a TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame that does not include a Link Mapping element.
- the responding MLD may accept the TID-to-Link Mapping indicated (suggested) by the initiating MLD by not performing the TID-Link Mapping counter-proposal through the Response frame.
- the initiating MLD may confirm that the TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation has been completed. In addition, it can be said that the TID-Link Mapping accepted from the response MLD is applied from the point of time when the TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation is completed.
- the above-described proposal/acceptance/rejection (counterproposal) method of TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation may be applied to TIDs for DL and UL, respectively, or may be applied to all TIDs of DL or UL at once.
- the starting MLD does not indicate the TID for the DL through the TID-to-Link Mapping element (when the DL TID-to-Link Mapping Info size is indicated as 0)
- the starting MLD indicates the TID for the DL. It may be an implicit suggestion that the TID-Link Mapping state will be maintained in an agreed state.
- the initiating MLD may not indicate the TID for the DL in order to change the TID-to-Link Mapping state for the DL to the default TID-to-Link Mapping state.
- the response MLD requires the initiating MLD to maintain the TID-to-Link Mapping state for the DL in the same state as before. You can interpret it however you like.
- the response MLD may be interpreted as a request by the initiating MLD to change the TID-to-Link Mapping state for the DL to the default TID-to-Link Mapping state.
- the response MLD does not indicate all TIDs of DL or UL in the response frame (when DL or UL TID-to-Link Mapping Info size is 0)
- the DL or UL that is not indicated is the start MLD It can be interpreted by the initiating MLD that all TID-to-Link Mappings proposed from are accepted.
- the two MLDs when the TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation procedure is completed between the initiating MLD and the responding MLD, the two MLDs must perform link operation according to the TID-to-Link Mapping status of which the negotiation is completed within a certain time. In other words, when the TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation procedure is completed, the two MLDs can only process traffic corresponding to the TID mapped to the corresponding link and direction (DL/UL) when performing transmission.
- the two MLDs can process traffic for all TIDs on all links within a certain period of time.
- the MLD that has switched to the default TID-to-Link Mapping mode must maintain a state in which it can perform a BA frame response (immediate BA) for all TIDs in all links after the predetermined time.
- all of the TIDs may mean only TIDs in which a BA session is established between both MLDs. That is, when a mapping relationship between a TID and a link is formed, the MLD may transmit/receive a frame and a corresponding BA with the counterpart MLD through the formed mapping relationship.
- AP MLD and non-AP MLD maintain a default TID-to-Link Mapping state.
- AP MLD and non-AP MLD are associated through two links (Link1 and Link2), and all TIDs (including TID 0 to TID 7 or TSID) are mapped to the two links.
- the non-AP MLD may transmit a TID-to-Link Mapping Request Frame to the AP MLD as shown in (b) of FIG. 16 in order to perform TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation with the AP MLD.
- the non-AP MLD does not indicate the TID of DL, instructs mapping of UL TID 0 to TID 3 to Link 1, and links UL TID 4 to TID 7 2 can be instructed to be mapped.
- the Non-AP MLD indicates TID 0 to TID 3 in the TID Info subfield of the first UL TID-to-Link Mapping Info field to indicate mapping of TID 0 to TID 3 to Link 1
- Link 1 may be indicated in the Link Info subfield of the corresponding UL TID-to-Link Mapping Info field.
- the Non-AP MLD indicates TID 4 to TID 7 in the TID Info subfield of the second UL TID-to-Link Mapping Info field to indicate mapping of TID 4 to TID 7 to Link 2
- Link 2 may be indicated in the Link Info subfield of the corresponding UL TID-to-Link Mapping Info field.
- the non-AP MLD After the AP MLD receives the TID-to-Link Mapping Request Frame from STA1 of the non-AP MLD, the non-AP MLD obtains the default TID for the TID of the DL through the TID-to-Link Mapping element included in the received frame. It can be recognized that the -to-Link Mapping state is maintained, and UL TID 0 to TID 3 are mapped to Link 1 and UL TID 4 to TID 7 are mapped to Link 2. If the AP MLD wants to accept the TID-to-Link Mapping indicated (requested) by the non-AP MLD, the TID-to-Link Mapping Response that does not include the TID-to-Link Mapping element as shown in (b) of FIG. Frame can be responded.
- the non-AP MLD receiving the TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame not including the TID-to-Link Mapping element from the AP MLD may recognize that the TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation has been completed. Thereafter, the TID-to-Link Mapping state as shown in (c) of FIG. 64 is applied between the AP MLD and the non-AP MLD, and the non-AP MLD UL transmits traffic for TID 0 to TID 3 only through Link1, Through Link2, only traffic for TID 4 to TID 7 can be UL transmitted.
- 65 illustrates an embodiment in which a response MLD selectively responds to some TIDs among TIDs indicated by (or suggested by) an initiating MLD and link mapping.
- the initiating MLD uses a TID-to-Link Mapping element to map TID 0 to TID 3 to Link 1 and TID 4 to TID 7 to Link 2 through TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame#1. Instruct (suggest) through At this time, the responding MLD accepts the initiating MLD's proposal to map TID 0 to TID 3 to Link 1, but may want to reject mapping TID 4 to TID 7 to Link 2.
- the response MLD transmits TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame#1 including the TID-to-Link Mapping element to the initiating MLD in response to the TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame#1 received from the initiating MLD.
- the response MLD instructs that TID 4 to TID 5 be mapped to Link 2, and TID 6 to TID 7 is mapped to Link 3 (reverse proposal), and TID 0 to TID Link 1 Mapping for 3 is accepted, and Link 2 Mapping for TID 4 to TID 7 may be rejected.
- TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame #2 can be reconfigured.
- the initiating MLD instructs to map TID 4 to TID 5 to Link 2 and TID 6 to TID 7 to Link 3 in the TID-to-Link Mapping element, considering the TID-Link Mapping state proposed by the responding MLD.
- TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame #2 may be transmitted.
- the response MLD is a TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame that does not include the TID-to-Link Mapping element in order to accept the TID-Link Mapping status indicated in the TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame#2 received from the initiating MLD.
- the TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation process can be terminated.
- TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame #2 If, in TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame #2, the initiating MLD has instructed (suggested) a specific TID (Link Mapping for a specific TID) that has been accepted through TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame #1 again, The link mapping status of a specific TID finally established (negotiated) through the TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame#2 that does not include the TID-to-Link Mapping element is the above indicated in the TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame#2. It may be a Link Mapping state of a specific TID.
- MLD may or may not support TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation depending on its capability. For example, MLDs for which dot11TIDtoLinkMappingActivated is not indicated as true may be MLDs that do not support TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation. Therefore, the initiating MLD may need to check whether the responding MLD supports TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation before initiating TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation. That is, the initiating MLD must transmit the TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame only to the MLD for which dot11TIDtoLinkMappingActivated is indicated as true.
- TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation there may be a limit on the number of link sets supporting TID-to-Link Mapping for each MLD. For example, an MLD in which the number of links that can differentiate and manage TIDs by TID-to-Link Mapping is 4 may not support TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation for more than 4 links. Therefore, when configuring a TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame for TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation, the initiating MLD must configure the Request frame in consideration of the number of Link sets supported by the responding MLD.
- the initiating MLD can attempt TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation for both DL/UL directions, when configuring the TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame, the number of link sets supported by the responding MLD as well as , the number of link sets that can be supported must also be considered.
- the responding MLD when the responding MLD also proposes TID-Link Mapping (inversely) by transmitting the TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame after receiving the TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame from the initiating MLD, the link set that it can support Response frame must be configured considering both the number of links and the number of link sets that can be supported by the initiating MLD.
- the TID-to-Link Mapping Negotiation Supported subfield can be indicated in the EHT MAC Capabilities Information field. .
- the initiating MLD transmitting the request frame sets the number of link sets exceeding min (the number of link sets it supports, the number of link sets supported by the response MLD) through the TID-to-Link Mapping element of the request frame ( It must not be explicitly/implicitly instructed.
- the response MLD that transmits the response frame links the number of link sets exceeding min (the number of link sets it supports, the number of link sets supported by the initiating MLD) through the TID-to-Link Mapping element of the response frame ( Do not explicitly/implicitly dictate (counter-offer).
- the initiating MLD when the TID-Link mapping for a specific TID is rejected (counter-proposed) by the response MLD, the initiating MLD must not request the same Link Mapping as the rejected one again for a certain period of time.
- the predetermined time may be a value determined by a parameter indicated by the AP MLD.
- the predetermined time period may be the time until receiving the Unsolicited Response frame from the response MLD.
- the predetermined time may mean life time.
- the initiating MLD instructs (proposes/requests) to map TID 0 to Link 1 through the TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame, it instructs (reverse proposal) to map TID 0 to Link 2 from the response MLD.
- the initiating MLD must not perform a request to map TID 0 to Link 1 for a predetermined time (or a preset time or a time indicated by the AP MLD). This may be a limitation to prevent frequency resources from being wasted and the network being congested due to repeated TID-to-Link Mapping Request/Response frame exchanges.
- the initiating MLD may perform a new request to map TID 0 to Link 3 without following the proposal of the response MLD.
- mapping between TID and Links is proposed by the initiating MLD, and the responding MLD may accept or reject the mapping state proposed by the initiating MLD.
- the responding MLD may accept only proposals for some TIDs and reject proposals for the remaining TIDs with respect to the TID-Link Mapping state proposed by the initiating MLD.
- the response MLD may indicate the preferred Link Mapping status for the TID rejecting the proposal (reverse proposal).
- the timing at which TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation between the initiating MLD and the responding MLD is completed is limited to when the responding MLD responds with a TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame that does not include a TID-to-Link Mapping element.
- TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation procedure even if the initiating MLD that received the TID-Link Mapping status counter-proposal from the responding MLD accepts the (reverse) proposal of the responding MLD, TID-to-Link Mapping There is an inefficiency of having to retransmit the request frame. That is, the initiating MLD receives a TID-to-Link Mapping Request indicating the same TID-to-Link Mapping status received from the TID-to-Link Mapping element in order to accept the TID-Link Mapping status received from the responding MLD. The frame must be sent again.
- the responding MLD receives the same TID-Link Mapping proposal from the initiating MLD again, and responds with a TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame that does not include the TID-to-Link Mapping element.
- -Link Mapping negotiation process is completed.
- the exact completion time of the TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation procedure may be the time when the Ack response to the TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame is performed.
- the initiating MLD retransmits the Request frame, and if the responding MLD also needs to respond with the Response frame again, the retransmitted Request frame and Response frame may be a TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation procedure that causes unnecessary overhead.
- a TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation procedure in which the initiating MLD accepts the (inversely) proposed TID-Link Mapping state from the responding MLD may be considered. That is, when the initiating MLD transmits the TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame and the TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame received from the responding MLD includes the TID-to-Link Mapping element, the TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame is returned. The TID-Link Mapping status indicated through the to-Link Mapping element may be accepted.
- the initiating MLD After receiving the TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame from the responding MLD, the initiating MLD does not include the TID-to-Link Mapping element in the transmitted TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame, or the TID-to-Link Mapping element is not included.
- the TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame response method of the initiating MLD is similar to the TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame response method of the response MLD, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the initiating MLD transmits the TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame (which does not include the TID-to-Link Mapping element) rather than the TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame, and the TID-Link Mapping status proposed by the responding MLD may accept.
- the response MLD responds with an Ack frame for the TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame.
- -to-Link Mapping negotiation procedure may be completed. That is, when the TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame is received without including the TID-to-Link Mapping element, the response MLD may complete the TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation procedure by responding with an Ack frame.
- 66 illustrates how the initiating MLD responds to accept (accept) the TID-to-Link mapping proposed inversely from the responding MLD.
- the initiating MLD transmits the TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame#1 to the responding MLD to initiate the TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation procedure, and the response MLD responds with the Response frame#1, resulting in TID 4 To reject Link Mapping for TID 7 and perform a (reverse) proposal.
- the initiating MLD may decide to accept the TID-Link Mapping status indicated by the responding MLD through the TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame#1, and request the responding MLD to complete the TID-to-Link Mapping. .
- the initiating MLD may transmit TID-to-Link Mapping Response Frame #2 to complete the TID-to-Link Mapping procedure.
- the TID-to-Link Mapping Response Frame #2 transmitted by the initiating MLD may be an unsolicited response frame.
- the TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame #2 transmitted by the initiating MLD has a configuration that does not include the TID-to-Link Mapping element, and receives the TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame #2 from the initiating MLD.
- One responding MLD may recognize that the initiating MLD wants to accept the TID-Link Mapping state it (reversely) proposes and complete the TID-to-Link Mapping procedure. Accordingly, the responding MLD may complete the TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation procedure with the initiating MLD by responding with an Ack frame after receiving the TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame#2.
- Example 2 of FIG. 66 after the initiating MLD receives TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame #1, it may transmit TID-to-Link Mapping Request Frame #2 to complete the TID-to-Link Mapping procedure. .
- the TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame#2 transmitted by the initiating MLD has a configuration that does not include the TID-to-Link Mapping element, and the TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame#2 is received from the initiating MLD.
- One responding MLD may recognize that the initiating MLD wants to accept the TID-Link Mapping state it (reversely) proposes and complete the TID-to-Link Mapping procedure.
- the responding MLD responds with an Ack frame or a TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame that does not include a TID-to-Link Mapping element, thereby establishing TID-to-Link Mapping with the initiating MLD.
- the to-Link Mapping negotiation process can be completed.
- a TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation procedure performed between MLDs is initiated by a TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame transmitted by an initiating MLD.
- TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation is performed between an initiating MLD and a response MLD, and a Request/Response frame exchanged between the two MLDs may be an individually addressed frame.
- the AP MLD may inform non-AP MLDs of its preferred TID-Link Mapping configuration by transmitting a non-individually addressed TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame.
- the AP MLD which is the response MLD, prefers it.
- the configuration of the TID-to-Link Mapping element of the Unsolicited TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame transmitted by the AP MLD may be different from that of the general TID-to-Link Mapping Request/Response frame. More specifically, the Unsolicited TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame transmitted by the AP MLD may indicate the same TID one or more times through the TID-to-Link Mapping element.
- TID 0 to TID 1 are indicated by mapping to Link 1 to Link 2
- TID 0 to TID 4 may be indicated corresponding to Link 1 to Link 3. Therefore, if the non-AP MLDs that have received the Unsolicited TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame from the AP MLD have the purpose of differentiating the links of TID 0 to TID 1 and TID 2 to TID 3, for TID 0 to TID 1 You can choose to setup Link 1 or/or Link 2, and Setup Link 3 for TID 3 or TID 4.
- the AP MLD can help non-AP MLDs select a Setup Link from the association stage by transmitting the TID-to-Link Mapping element in the Beacon frame it transmits. More specifically, the non-AP MLD can perform setup by selecting a link according to a TID separation method desired by the non-AP MLD by checking the TID-Link Mapping state preferred by the AP MLD through a beacon frame.
- 67 illustrates an unsolicited TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame transmitted from an AP MLD and a TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation process between an AP MLD and a non-AP MLD show an example
- the AP MLD may transmit an Unsolicited TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame.
- the Unsolicited TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame may be transmitted as a non-individually addressed frame. That is, the Unsolicited TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame transmitted by the AP MLD may target one or more than one non-AP MLD as a destination device.
- the AP MLD maps TID 0 to TID 3 to Link 1, TID 4 to TID 5 to Link 2, and TID 6 to TID 7 to Link 3 through the Unsolicited TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame. You can indicate what you want to do.
- the non-AP MLD (initiating MLD) transmits a TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame that does not include a TID-to-Link Mapping element, as shown in Sequence 1 of FIG. 67, to the AP MLD (response MLD).
- the AP MLD may respond that the TID-to-Link Mapping negotiation has been completed by responding with an Ack frame.
- the non-AP MLD (initiation MLD) is a link mapping option for TID 4 to TID 7 among the TID-Link Mappings indicated by the AP MLD (response MLD) through the Unsolicited TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame. It can be confirmed that these are two things.
- the non-AP MLD may select an option for mapping TID 4 to TID 7 to Link 2 to Link 3 and transmit a TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame to the AP MLD.
- the AP MLD proposes Link Mapping for TID 0 to TID 3 (Unsolicited TID-to-Link Mapping element). indicated through the Link Mapping Response frame) may be interpreted as accepting.
- the TID-to-Link Mapping agreement between the two MLDs can be released when one of the two MLDs transmits a TID-to-Link Mapping Teardown frame and the other MLD performs an Ack response. If the TID-to-Link Mapping agreement between the two MLDs is canceled through the TID-to-Link Mapping Teardown frame, the two MLDs may have to operate in the default TID-to-Link Mapping mode. That is, traffic of all TIDs for DL and UL can be switched to the same state as that mapped to all links.
- the TID-to-Link Mapping Info field of the TID-to-Link Mapping element when configuring the starting MLD as a TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame, the TID-to-Link Mapping Info field of the TID-to-Link Mapping element It can be seen that it is also possible to switch to the default TID-to-Link Mapping mode by indicating all TIDs and all links in . More specifically, in the DL TID-to-Link Mapping Info field included in the TID-to-Link Mapping element, the TID Info subfield is indicated as 1111 1111 (8-bit embodiment), and the Link Info subfield is 1111 1111 (8-bit embodiment), TID-to-Link Mapping for the DL direction may be indicated in the default mode.
- the MLD receiving this is the default TID for the DL direction of the counterpart MLD It can be recognized that the -to-Link Mapping mode is indicated (suggested). Therefore, if the starting MLD indicates both the DL TID-to-Link Mapping Info size subfield and the UL TID-to-Link Mapping Info size subfield as 0 in the TID-to-Link Mapping Request frame, the response MLD is the starting MLD. It can be recognized that indicates (proposed) the default TID-to-Link Mapping mode.
- the response MLD indicates that all DL/UL TID-to-Link Mapping Info size fields in the TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame are 0, the response MLD indicates the default TID-to-Link Mapping mode ( counter-proposal).
- the reason why the TID-to-Link Mapping Teardown frame is needed is This may be because the process of canceling the TID-to-Link Mapping agreement is not carried out by agreement between the two MLDs, but can be completed according to the intention (will) of a specific MLD. That is, when a specific MLD among both MLDs wants to operate in the default TID-to-Link Mapping mode, the counterpart MLD may necessarily switch to the default TID-to-Link Mapping mode according to the request of the specific MLD.
- the counterpart MLD cannot perform a counter-proposal using the TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame and is advised to switch to the default TID-to-Link Mapping mode. You have to agree.
- the counterpart MLD may need to respond with an Ack frame or a TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame that does not include a TID-to-Link Mapping element in order to convey the intention of acceptance.
- each link may need to be operated in the default TID-to-Link Mapping mode within a certain period of time. That is, both MLDs that have switched to the default TID-to-Link Mapping mode through the TID-to-Link Mapping Teardown frame can transmit/receive all TIDs and BA (BlockAck) responses to all links within a certain period of time. It must be operated (converted) in a state where it can be used.
- the predetermined time may be a time previously set by the EHT standard or BSS, or a time pre-agreed between both MLDs performing TID-to-Link Mapping.
- the AP MLD may wish to simultaneously (at once) release the TID-to-Link Mapping mode negotiated with multiple Associated non-AP MLDs and switch to the default TID-to-Link Mapping mode.
- the AP MLD may transmit a non-individually addressed TID-to-Link Mapping Teardown frame instead of individually transmitting the TID-to-Link Mapping Teardown frame to all associated non-AP MLDs.
- the AP MLD may transmit a TID-to-Link Mapping Teardown frame as a group addressed frame after transmitting the DTIM Beacon frame.
- Non-AP MLDs receive a TID-to-Link Mapping Teardown frame in the process of receiving a group addressed frame after receiving the DTIM Beacon frame, and the TID-to-Link Mapping mode negotiated with the AP MLD is the default TID-to-Link Mapping mode. -It can be recognized that it has been converted to Link Mapping mode.
- non-AP MLDs that have received the TID-to-Link Mapping Teardown frame as a Group addressed frame using the DTIM Beacon frame do not respond using Ack or TID-to-Link Mapping Response frame, but receive the default TID-to-Link Mapping Teardown frame.
- the TIM element has a configuration including Element ID, Length, DTIM Count, DTIM Period, Bitmap Control, and Partial Virtual Bitmap fields.
- the Element ID field is indicated by a value representing the type of the element, and the Element ID field of the TIM element is set to 5.
- the Length field indicates the length of the TIM element.
- the DTIM Count field indicates how many Beacon frames will appear until the next DTIM, and if the Beacon including the TIM element is a DTIM, the DTIM Count field is set to 0.
- the DTIM Count field of the TIM element included in the TIM frame and transmitted is reserved.
- the DTIM Period field indicates whether DTIM is transmitted at intervals of how many Beacon intervals. If all Beacons are DTIM Beacon frames (all Beacon frames include DTIM), the DTIM Period field is set to 1.
- the Bitmap Control field consists of a 1-bit Traffic Indicator (B0) and a 7-bit Bitmap Offset (B1 to B7) subfield.
- the Traffic Indicator subfield corresponds to AID 0 and indicates whether the AP is queuing one or more group addressed MSDUs (and MMPDU, A-MSDU, etc.) (whether the BU is buffered).
- the indication/interpretation method of the Traffic Indicator subfield is that when the Traffic Indicator subfield is 1, it means that the group addressed MSDU is queuing to the AP side, and when it is 0, it means that the group addressed MSDU is not queuing.
- the non-AP STA receiving the TIM element indicated as 1 in the Traffic Indicator subfield can recognize that one or more group addressed frames are queued on the AP side.
- the Traffic Indicator subfield is interpreted as described above only in the TIM element (ie, the TIM element of DTIM) in which the DTIM Count field is set to 0.
- the Bitmap Offset subfield indicates information related to which AID the Partial Virtual Bitmap included in the TIM element corresponds to and which bit it starts with.
- the Bitmap Offset subfield is N/ Indicates a value corresponding to 2.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (20)
- 복수 개의 링크들에서 각각 동작하는 복수 개의 스테이션들을 포함하는 제1 멀티 링크 장치(Multi-link Device: MLD)에서,송수신부; 및프로세서를 포함하고,상기 프로세서는,상기 복수 개의 링크들 각각에서 동작하는 복수 개의 AP(Access Point)들을 포함하는 제2 MLD로부터 비콘 프레임을 수신하고,상기 비콘 프레임에 기초하여 데이터 유닛을 송수신하되,상기 비콘 프레임은 복수 개의 트래픽 식별자(traffic identifier: TID)들과 상기 복수 개의 링크들 간의 매핑이 하향링크(downlink) 또는 양 방향(bidirectional)에 대해 기본 매핑(default mapping)인지 여부에 따라 상기 복수 개의 TID들 중 상기 복수 개의 AP들의 BU(Buffered Unit)에 대한 적어도 하나의 TID와 상기 복수 개의 링크들 간의 매핑을 나타내는 다중 링크 트래픽 지시자 요소(Multi-Link Traffic Indication element)를 포함하는 멀티 링크 장치.
- 제1 항에 있어서,상기 기본 매핑은 상기 복수 개의 TID들이 상기 복수 개의 링크들 각각에 모두 매핑된 상태를 의미하는 멀티 링크 장치.
- 제1 항에 있어서,상기 복수 개의 TID들과 상기 복수 개의 링크들 간의 매핑이 상기 기본 매핑이 아닌 경우, 상기 비콘 프레임은 상기 다중 링크 트래픽 지시자 요소를 포함하는 멀티 링크 장치.
- 제1 항에 있어서,상기 복수 개의 TID들과 상기 복수 개의 링크들 간의 매핑이 상기 기본 매핑인 경우, 상기 비콘 프레임은 상기 다중 링크 트래픽 지시자 요소를 포함하지 않는 멀티 링크 장치.
- 제1 항에 있어서, 상기 프로세서는,상기 복수 개의 TID들와 상기 복수 개의 링크들 간의 매핑이 상기 기본 매핑이 아니고, 상기 비콘 프레임은 상기 다중 링크 트래픽 지시자 요소를 포함하지 않는 경우, 상기 복수 개의 링크들 중 상기 적어도 하나의 TID 중 특정 TID에 대응되는 링크를 통해 상기 제2 MLD로 상기 데이터 유닛의 수신을 위한 PS-Poll 프레임을 전송하는 멀티 링크 장치.
- 제1 항에 있어서,상기 복수 개의 링크 중 적어도 하나의 링크가 단일 링크에서 만의 송수신을 지원하는 EMLSR(enhanced multi-link single radio) 모드의 EMLSR 링크 셋을 구성하는 경우, 상기 적어도 하나의 링크 중 특정 링크가 제거되면, 상기 특정 링크는 상기 EMLSR 링크 셋에서 제거되는 멀티 링크 장치.
- 제6 항에 있어서,상기 적어도 하나의 링크 중 상기 특정 링크가 제거된 경우, 상기 적어도 하나의 링크 중 상기 특정 링크를 제외한 나머지 링크의 개수가 1 또는 0이면 상기 EMLSR 모드는 종료되는 멀티 링크 장치.
- 제7 항에 있어서,상기 EMLSR 모드는 상기 특정 링크가 제거된 시점에 종료되는 멀티 링크 장치.
- 제1 항에 있어서,상기 복수 개의 링크 중 상기 적어도 하나의 TID와 매핑된 하나 이상의 링크들만 상기 제2 MLD와 리스닝 동작을 수행하는 멀티 링크 장치.
- 제1 항에 있어서,상기 복수 개의 TID들과 상기 복수 개의 링크들 간의 매핑 관계가 상기 기본 매핑관계가 아니고 상기 적어도 하나의 TID가 상기 복수 개의 링크들 각각에 모두 매핑된 경우, 상기 비콘 프레임은 상기 다중 링크 트래픽 지시자 요소를 포함하지 않는 멀티 링크 장치.
- 복수 개의 링크들에서 각각 동작하는 복수 개의 스테이션들을 포함하는 제1 멀티 링크 장치(Multi-link Device: MLD)에서 수행되는 프레임 송수신 방법에 있어서, 상기 방법은,상기 복수 개의 링크들 각각에서 동작하는 복수 개의 AP(Access Point)들을 포함하는 제2 MLD로부터 비콘 프레임을 수신하는 단계; 및상기 비콘 프레임에 기초하여 데이터 유닛을 송수신하는 단계를 포함하되,상기 비콘 프레임은 복수 개의 트래픽 식별자(traffic identifier: TID)들과 상기 복수 개의 링크들 간의 매핑이 하향링크(downlink) 또는 양 방향(bidirectional)에 대해 기본 매핑(default mapping)인지 여부에 따라 상기 복수 개의 TID들 중 상기 복수 개의 AP들의 BU(Buffered Unit)에 대한 적어도 하나의 TID와 상기 복수 개의 링크들 간의 매핑을 나타내는 다중 링크 트래픽 지시자 요소(Multi-Link Traffic Indication element)를 포함하는 방법.
- 제11 항에 있어서,상기 기본 매핑은 상기 복수 개의 TID들이 상기 복수 개의 링크들 각각에 모두 매핑된 상태를 의미하는 방법.
- 제11 항에 있어서,상기 복수 개의 TID들과 상기 복수 개의 링크들 간의 매핑이 상기 기본 매핑이 아닌 경우, 상기 비콘 프레임은 상기 다중 링크 트래픽 지시자 요소를 포함하는 방법.
- 제11 항에 있어서,상기 복수 개의 TID들과 상기 복수 개의 링크들 간의 매핑이 상기 기본 매핑인 경우, 상기 비콘 프레임은 상기 다중 링크 트래픽 지시자 요소를 포함하지 않는 방법.
- 제11 항에 있어서,상기 복수 개의 TID들와 상기 복수 개의 링크들 간의 매핑이 상기 기본 매핑이 아니고, 상기 비콘 프레임은 상기 다중 링크 트래픽 지시자 요소를 포함하지 않는 경우, 상기 복수 개의 링크들 중 상기 적어도 하나의 TID 중 특정 TID에 대응되는 링크를 통해 상기 제2 MLD로 상기 데이터 유닛의 수신을 위한 PS-Poll 프레임을 전송하는 단계를 더 포함하는 방법.
- 제11 항에 있어서,상기 복수 개의 링크 중 적어도 하나의 링크가 단일 링크에서 만의 송수신을 지원하는 EMLSR(enhanced multi-link single radio) 모드의 EMLSR 링크 셋을 구성하는 경우, 상기 적어도 하나의 링크 중 특정 링크가 제거되면, 상기 특정 링크는 상기 EMLSR 링크 셋에서 제거되는 방법.
- 제16 항에 있어서,상기 적어도 하나의 링크 중 상기 특정 링크가 제거된 경우, 상기 적어도 하나의 링크 중 상기 특정 링크를 제외한 나머지 링크의 개수가 1 또는 0이면 상기 EMLSR 모드는 종료되는 방법.
- 제17 항에 있어서,상기 EMLSR 모드는 상기 특정 링크가 제거된 시점에 종료되는 방법.
- 제11 항에 있어서,상기 복수 개의 링크 중 상기 적어도 하나의 TID와 매핑된 하나 이상의 링크들만 상기 제2 MLD와 리스닝 동작을 수행하는 방법.
- 제11 항에 있어서,상기 복수 개의 TID들과 상기 복수 개의 링크들 간의 매핑 관계가 상기 기본 매핑관계가 아니고 상기 적어도 하나의 TID가 상기 복수 개의 링크들 각각에 모두 매핑된 경우, 상기 비콘 프레임은 상기 다중 링크 트래픽 지시자 요소를 포함하지 않는 방법.
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Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2021167366A1 (ko) * | 2020-02-18 | 2021-08-26 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 멀티 링크 전송을 위한 버퍼 정보 공유 |
WO2021172919A1 (ko) * | 2020-02-25 | 2021-09-02 | 주식회사 윌러스표준기술연구소 | 멀티 링크를 사용하는 무선 통신 방법 및 이를 사용하는 무선 통신 단말 |
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2023
- 2023-02-28 WO PCT/KR2023/002824 patent/WO2023163574A1/ko active Application Filing
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Patent Citations (2)
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WO2021167366A1 (ko) * | 2020-02-18 | 2021-08-26 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 멀티 링크 전송을 위한 버퍼 정보 공유 |
WO2021172919A1 (ko) * | 2020-02-25 | 2021-09-02 | 주식회사 윌러스표준기술연구소 | 멀티 링크를 사용하는 무선 통신 방법 및 이를 사용하는 무선 통신 단말 |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
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KANG KYUMIN, SUNGHYUN HWANG, JUSEONG MOON, RONNY YONGHO KIM: "TID-to-Link mapping in eMLSR", IEEE 802.11-21/1747R1, 25 November 2021 (2021-11-25), pages 1 - 9, XP093088332 * |
MONAJEMI POOYA, HART BRIAN: "Comment resolution for Enterprise-Grade TID Mapping", IEEE 802.11-21/1793R0, 1 November 2021 (2021-11-01), pages 1 - 8, XP093088329 * |
PARK MINYOUNG: "CC36 Comment Resolution: Multi-Link Traffic Indication", IEEE 802.11-22/196R0, 1 January 2022 (2022-01-01), pages 1 - 19, XP093088321 * |
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