WO2023163087A1 - 抗変異calr抗体と他の薬剤とを組み合わせてなる医薬 - Google Patents
抗変異calr抗体と他の薬剤とを組み合わせてなる医薬 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a drug that combines an antibody or functional fragment thereof with specificity for a mutant CALR protein and another drug.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 In some patients with Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), base deletions and insertions are found in the ninth exon of the Calreticulin (CALR) gene (Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2). . Mutant CALR protein produced from this CALR mutant gene constitutively activates thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor, and has tumorigenicity that causes myeloproliferative neoplasia (MPN) alone. It has already been clarified that there are (Non-Patent Documents 3 to 6).
- CALR gene mutations found in MPN patients are always frameshift mutations localized to the final exon, and the C-terminus of the mutant CALR protein contains a sequence that does not exist in the wild type, particularly the C-terminus. 44 amino acids are common to almost all mutant CALR proteins.
- the C-terminal sequence of the 52-base deletion type (Del 52), which is the most frequent CALR gene mutation found in MPN patients, and the 5-base insertion type (Ins 5), which is the second most frequent. is shown in FIG. 1 in comparison with the corresponding region of the wild-type CALR protein.
- the sequence specific to the mutant CALR protein caused by the frameshift mutation can be used as a neoantigen as a marker for diagnosis or as a therapeutic target.
- mutant CALR protein in addition to those represented by Del 52 and Ins 5, most of the sequences that were cleaved among the sequences specific to the mutant CALR protein and thought to be neoantigens clarified the existence of a truncated mutant CALR protein that lacks the So far, it has been clarified that when an antibody that binds to the amino acid sequence on the terminal side is produced, MPN therapeutic effect can be obtained.
- anti-CALR/CD3 bispecific antibody as a more effective therapeutic agent is developed by taking advantage of the antibody's ability to specifically bind to two types of antigens for the purpose of enhancing antitumor activity. Acquired.
- cancer low-molecular therapeutic agents alkylating agents, platinum agents, antimetabolites, ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors, nucleotide analogues, topoisomerase inhibitors, microtubule polymerization inhibitors, Bcl2 inhibitors, antitumor antibiotics , interferons, cytokine preparations, molecular target drugs, nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors, JAK inhibitors, cancer immunotherapy drugs, etc.
- these have safety problems such as myelosuppressive effects and hematotoxicity and efficacy.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a drug that exhibits a sufficient antitumor effect by using an antibody that binds to a mutant CALR protein in combination with another anticancer drug.
- the present inventors have studied to solve the above problems, and found that the combination of an antibody that specifically recognizes the mutated amino acid sequence of CALR and a specific anticancer drug dramatically improves the antitumor effect. It has been clarified that an excellent therapeutic effect can be obtained by using a mutant CALR protein. The present invention was completed by finding that it is useful as a pharmaceutical.
- the present invention provides the following (1) to (10).
- (1) (A) an antibody or functional fragment thereof that specifically binds to a mutant calreticulin protein, and (B) an alkylating agent, a platinum agent, an antimetabolite, a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor, a nucleotide analog, a topoisomerase
- One or more drugs selected from inhibitors, microtubule polymerization inhibitors, Bcl2 inhibitors, antitumor antibiotics, interferons, cytokine preparations, molecular targeting drugs, nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors, JAK inhibitors and cancer immunotherapeutics
- a drug for cancer prevention and/or treatment which is a combination of (2) Component (A) according to (1), wherein component (A) is an antibody or functional fragment thereof that does not bind to wild-type calreticulin protein and has high affinity for mutant calreticulin protein.
- component (A) is an antibody or a functional fragment thereof that binds to the mutated amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or 3 or a sequence exhibiting 80% or more homology with those sequences (1) or (2) The medicament as described.
- Component (A) is a human antibody, a humanized antibody, a bispecific antibody, a multispecific antibody, a chimeric antibody of an animal-derived antibody and a human antibody, Fab, Fab', F(ab') 2 , The medicament according to any one of (1) to (3), which is one or more antibodies selected from main-chain antibodies (scFv) and diabodies, or functional fragments thereof.
- Component (B) is one or more drugs selected from JAK inhibitors, nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors, interferons, cytokine preparations, molecular targeted drugs and cancer immunotherapeutic drugs, (1) to (4) The medicament according to any one of (6) The medicament according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein component (B) is one or more drugs selected from ruxonitilib, hydroxyurea, interferon ⁇ , and cancer immune checkpoint inhibitors.
- cancer is lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma, myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), gastrointestinal cancer (esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, duodenal cancer, etc.), liver cancer, biliary tract cancer (gallbladder bile duct cancer), pancreatic cancer, small bowel cancer, colon cancer (colorectal cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, etc.), gastrointestinal stromal tumor, lung cancer (non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer) ) and renal cancer, the medicament according to any one of (1) to (6).
- MPN myeloproliferative neoplasm
- gastrointestinal cancer esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, duodenal cancer, etc.
- liver cancer biliary tract cancer (gallbladder bile duct cancer)
- pancreatic cancer small bowel cancer
- colon cancer colon cancer
- colon cancer colon cancer
- rectal cancer rectal cancer
- gastrointestinal stromal tumor lung cancer (n
- (9) (A) an antibody or functional fragment thereof that specifically binds to a mutant calreticulin protein, and (B) an alkylating agent, a platinum agent, or an antimetabolite for preventing and/or treating cancer agents, ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors, nucleotide analogues, topoisomerase inhibitors, microtubule polymerization inhibitors, Bcl2 inhibitors, antitumor antibiotics, interferons, cytokine preparations, molecular targeting drugs, nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors, JAK inhibitors and in combination with one or more agents selected from immunotherapeutic agents.
- the antibody used in the present invention has an antigen-recognition site (epitope) in the aforementioned mutant CALR polypeptide chain, and when used in combination with the aforementioned anti-cancer drugs, it can suppress cancer cells more than when each is administered alone. It effectively injures and dramatically improves the antitumor effect. Therefore, the drug of the present invention can be used to specifically prevent and/or treat various cancers, particularly diseases expressing mutant CALR.
- FIG. 2 shows the characteristics of mutant CALR proteins.
- the CALR gene mutation that causes MPN patients is a +1 frameshift mutation, and an amino acid sequence common to the mutant proteins is found at the C-terminus of the resulting mutant CALR protein.
- SP signal sequence
- N N domain
- P P domain.
- the arrow indicates where the amino acid sequence different from wild type (WT) begins.
- FIG. 2 shows the combined effect of anti-mutated CALR/CD3 bispecific antibody (Antibody No. 1) and hydroxyurea.
- UT-7/TPO/Ins5-Luc cells expressing mutant CALR and Luciferase (target cells) were cultured with human peripheral blood T cells in the presence of CALR/CD3 bispecific antibody and hydroxyurea, and luciferase activity was measured.
- FIG. 2 shows the combined effect of anti-mutated CALR/CD3 bispecific antibody (Antibody No. 2) and hydroxyurea.
- FIG. 3 shows the combined effect of anti-mutant CALR/CD3 bispecific antibody (Antibody No. 3) and hydroxyurea.
- FIG. 4 shows the combined effect of anti-mutated CALR/CD3 bispecific antibody (Antibody No. 4) and hydroxyurea.
- FIG. 2 shows the combined effect of anti-mutant CALR/CD3 bispecific antibody (Antibody No. 5) and hydroxyurea.
- FIG. 3 shows the combined effect of anti-mutant CALR/CD3 bispecific antibody (Antibody No. 6) and hydroxyurea.
- Fig. 2 shows the combined effect of anti-mutant CALR/CD3 bispecific antibody (Antibody No. 7) and hydroxyurea.
- Fig. 2 shows the combined effect of anti-mutant CALR/CD3 bispecific antibody (Antibody No. 8) and hydroxyurea.
- FIG. 3 shows the combined effect of anti-mutated CALR/CD3 bispecific antibody (Antibody No. 9) and hydroxyurea.
- Figure 3 shows the combined effect of anti-mutant CALR/CD3 bispecific antibody (antibody #1) and ruxolitinib on in vitro efficacy.
- UT-7/TPO/Ins5/GFP-Luc cells expressing mutant CALR and Luciferase (target cells) were cultured with human peripheral blood T cells in the presence of CALR/CD3 bispecific antibody and ruxolitinib, followed by luciferase Using the activity as an index, the cell viability of the target cells was measured, and the T cell-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (hereinafter referred to as TDCC) was evaluated.
- TDCC T cell-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
- FIG. 10 shows the combined effect of an anti-mutated CALR/CD3 bispecific antibody (Antibody No. 7) and ruxolitinib.
- FIG. 3 shows the combined effect of anti-mutant CALR/CD3 bispecific antibody (Antibody No. 8) and ruxolitinib.
- FIG. 10 shows the combined effect of anti-mutated CALR/CD3 bispecific antibody (Antibody No. 9) and ruxolitinib.
- 1 shows the combined effect of an anti-mutant CALR/CD3 bispecific antibody (Antibody No. 1) and interferon ⁇ .
- UT-7/TPO/Ins5-Luc cells expressing mutant CALR and Luciferase were treated with human peripheral blood T cells in the presence of CALR/CD3 bispecific antibody and interferon- ⁇ (IFN- ⁇ ).
- IFN- ⁇ interferon- ⁇
- the cell viability of the target cells was measured using luciferase activity as an index, and T cell-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (hereinafter referred to as TDCC) was evaluated.
- the cell viability of each well was calculated with the chemiluminescence value of the group containing no CALR/CD3 bispecific antibody and concomitant drug as 100%.
- FIG. 4 shows the combined effect of anti-mutant CALR/CD3 bispecific antibody (Antibody No. 4) and IFN- ⁇ .
- FIG. 4 shows the combined effect of anti-mutant CALR/CD3 bispecific antibody (Antibody No. 4) and IFN- ⁇ .
- FIG. 3 shows the combined effect of an anti-mutant CALR/CD3 bispecific antibody (Antibody No. 5) and IFN- ⁇ .
- FIG. 3 shows the combined effect of anti-mutant CALR/CD3 bispecific antibody (Antibody No. 6) and IFN- ⁇ .
- FIG. 3 shows the combined effect of an anti-mutant CALR/CD3 bispecific antibody (Antibody No. 8) and IFN- ⁇ .
- FIG. 3 shows the combined effect of anti-mutant CALR/CD3 bispecific antibody (Antibody No. 9) and IFN- ⁇ .
- the present invention provides methods for detecting and diagnosing mutant CALR proteins associated with MPN, and C-terminal polypeptides (Fig. An antibody that recognizes the 13 amino acids (SEQ ID NO: 4) in 1) and an antibody that recognizes the sequence (SEQ ID NO: 5) on the C-terminal side thereof are used in combination with the anticancer agent to effectively It has been found that cancer can be treated and/or prevented. That is, the present invention provides (A) an antibody that specifically recognizes a mutant CALR protein, and (B) a drug for cancer prevention and/or treatment, especially MPN, which is obtained by combining the anticancer drug. /or provide a medicament for treatment.
- Component (A) used in the medicament of the present invention is an antibody that specifically recognizes the mutant CALR protein.
- antibodies or functional fragments thereof refer to monoclonal antibodies and chimeric antibodies produced by genetic recombination technology, humanized antibodies, human antibodies, bispecific antibodies, multispecific antibodies, engagers, Fab, Fab ', F(ab') 2 , single chain antibodies (scFv), diabodies, minibodies, etc., proteins that specifically bind to mutant CALR, protein fragments thereof and derivatives including protein fragments thereof.
- Monoclonal antibody forms include human and non-human animal IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD.
- the form of bispecific and multispecific antibodies is not particularly limited, and may be any form known in the art, as long as it retains specificity for two or more antigens. , may be in other forms.
- Forms of bispecific antibodies are roughly classified into IgG-like type and low-molecular-weight type.
- An IgG-like form is a form that retains the Fc region.
- IgG-like antibodies include, but are not limited to, CrossMab, DAF (two-in-one), DAF (four-in-one), DutaMab, DT-IgG, knobs-into-holes , knobs-into-holes common LC, SEEDbody, Triomab, ⁇ -body, DVD-Ig, IgG-scFv, DuoBody and the like. Since an IgG-like antibody retains an Fc region, it is expected to exhibit effector functions such as ADCC and CDC, facilitate purification, improve stability, extend blood half-life, and the like.
- the low-molecular-weight type usually refers to a form having an Fv region consisting of a heavy chain variable region and a light chain variable region as a basic component.
- Forms of low-molecular-weight antibodies include, but are not limited to, Diabody (Db), BiTE, DART, TandAb, scDb, triple body, minibody, minibody, scFv, tandem scFv, F(ab') 2 etc.
- the low-molecular-weight type is expected to have improved tissue permeability and high productivity due to its size.
- proteins with amino acid sequences deleted, substituted, or added while maintaining the ability to bind to antigens those with part or all of the sugar chains deleted or added, those with linkers or the like added, and other proteins and modified antibodies such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) in which an antibody and a low-molecular-weight drug are bound via a linker.
- ADC antibody-drug conjugates
- the antibodies of the present invention have domains that specifically bind to mutant calreticulin proteins. Said domain competes with an antibody that binds to an epitope of the mutant calreticulin protein of SEQ ID NO:4 or 5.
- the mutant calreticulin protein is a polypeptide chain consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 or 5, or deletion, substitution or addition of one or several amino acids in SEQ ID NO: 4 or 5. It preferably has an antigen-recognition site in the polypeptide chain consisting of the amino acid sequence described above.
- the domain does not bind to the wild-type calreticulin protein and has high affinity to the mutant calreticulin protein.
- the truncated CALR protein includes a polypeptide (i) consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 or 5 and an amino acid sequence in which one or several amino acids are deleted, substituted or added in SEQ ID NO: 4 or 5.
- Polypeptide (ii) consisting of In (ii) amino acid sequences in which 1 to 4 amino acids have been deleted, substituted or added are preferred, and amino acid sequences in which 1 to 3 amino acids have been deleted, substituted or added are more preferred.
- the identity between the amino acid sequence of polypeptide (ii) and the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 85% or more, and even more preferably 90% or more.
- the binding domain of the antibody may be an antibody that has an antigen recognition site (epitope) in the polypeptide chain of (i) or (ii), and that binds only to the truncated mutant CALR protein. may bind to both the truncated mutant CALR protein and the full-length mutant CALR protein, and binds to both the truncated mutant CALR protein and the full-length mutant CALR protein. Antibodies specific to "mutant CALR protein" are preferred.
- binding domains include the heavy chain variable region and light chain variable region of the anti-mutant CALR antibodies (clones B3, C6 and G1 antibodies) found by the present inventors, as well as the heavy chain complementarity determining regions (CDR-H1, CDR-H2 and CDR-H3) and light chain complementarity determining regions (CDR-L1, CDR-L2 and CDR-L3).
- the first domain comprises the heavy chain variable region and light chain variable region of the anti-mutant CALR antibody (clones B3, C6 and G1 antibodies), and the heavy chain complementarity determining region (CDR-H1 , CDR-H2 and CDR-H3) and light chain complementarity determining regions (CDR-L1, CDR-L2 and CDR-L3).
- the second domain in the bispecific antibody is preferably a domain that specifically binds to the CD3 antigen, and includes a heavy chain variable region and a light chain variable region derived from an existing anti-CD3 antibody, and a heavy chain variable region derived from a known anti-CD3 antibody.
- CDR-H1, CDR-H2 and CDR-H3 are chain complementarity determining regions and the light chain complementarity determining regions.
- Existing anti-CD3 antibodies include OKT3 or UCTH1.
- antibodies of the present invention include heavy chain variable regions and light chain variable regions of anti-mutant CALR antibodies (clone B3, C6 and G1 antibodies), and heavy chain complementarity determining regions (CDR-H1, CDR-H2 and CDR -H3) and light chain complementarity determining regions (CDR-L1, CDR-L2 and CDR-L3), examples of amino acid sequences of which are shown in Table 1.
- Table 1 shows preferred examples of the first and second domains of the bispecific antibody, anti-mutant CALR antibodies (clone B3, C6 and G1 antibodies) and anti-CD3 antibodies (OKT3, UCHT1).
- Heavy chain variable region and light chain variable region as well as heavy chain complementarity determining region (CDR-H1, CDR-H2 and CDR-H3) and light chain complementarity determining region (CDR-L1, CDR-L2 and CDR-L3) is also shown in Table 1.
- sequence information of the obtained antibody can be produced as a recombinant antibody by genetic engineering techniques.
- Sequence information regarding anti-CD3 antibodies can be obtained from existing information. That is, the antibody heavy chain and light chain genes are synthesized from the obtained genetic information, inserted into a vector (e.g., plasmid), and then introduced into host cells (e.g., CHO cells, HEK cells, etc.). By culturing the cells, the recombinant antibody can be collected from the culture. Codon optimization is preferred in synthesizing the antibody heavy and light chain genes.
- Preferred bispecific antibodies of the present invention include amino acid sequences in which the CDRs of the first domain have (a) 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOS: 14-16 (VHCDR), and sequences (b) having 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NOS: 20-22 (VHCDR); and an amino acid sequence having 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NOS: 23-25 (VLCDR), or (c) with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NOS: 26-28 (VHCDR)
- Bispecific antibodies having amino acid sequences with 80% or more homology and 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOS:29-31 (VLCDR) are included.
- the first domain is (d) a VH region having an amino acid sequence having 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, and 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7 (e) a VH region having an amino acid sequence having 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, and an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 9 and 80 or (f) a VH region having an amino acid sequence with 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, and a VH region with SEQ ID NO: 11 bispecific antibodies having a VL region with an amino acid sequence that shares 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence described in
- the CDR of the second domain has an amino acid sequence having 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NOS: 32-34 (VHCDR), and the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NOS: 35-37 (VLCDR).
- VHCDR amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NOS: 32-34
- VLCDR amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NOS: 35-37
- a bispecific antibody having an amino acid sequence that shares 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence represented by 224 (VLCDR) is preferred.
- the second domain has a VH region having an amino acid sequence having 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, and 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13.
- a bispecific antibody having a VL region having an amino acid sequence, or a VH region having an amino acid sequence in which the second domain has 80% or more homology to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:217, and SEQ ID NO:218 A bispecific antibody having a VL region with an amino acid sequence having 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence shown in is preferred.
- the CDR of the first domain has (a) an amino acid sequence having 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 14-16 (VHCDR), and (b) having an amino acid sequence having 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NOS: 17-19 (VLCDR), and (b) 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NOS: 20-22 (VHCDR) and an amino acid sequence having 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 23-25 (VLCDR), or (c) the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 26-28 (VHCDR) and an amino acid sequence having 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 29-31 (VLCDR); , an amino acid sequence having 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 32-34 (VHCDR), and an amino acid having 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence
- the first domain is (d) a VH region having an amino acid sequence having 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, and a VH region shown in SEQ ID NO: 7 (e) a VH region having an amino acid sequence having 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, which has a VL region having an amino acid sequence with 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence, and SEQ ID NO: (f) VH having an amino acid sequence having 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10 and a VL region having an amino acid sequence having 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 11, and the second domain (g) with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12 having a VH region with an amino acid sequence with 80% or more homology and a VL region with an amino acid sequence with 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13, or
- the form of the antibody of the present invention may be any form, IgG-like or low-molecular-weight, as long as it retains the specificity for the two antigens. Specifically, it may have an Fc region, a heterozygous heavy chain, or the like.
- bispecific antibodies include antibodies selected from the following (I) to (IX).
- a bispecific antibody (Antibody 1) consisting of an H chain comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 174 and an L chain comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 202.
- a bispecific antibody (antibody 2) consisting of an H chain comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 186 and an L chain comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 201.
- a bispecific antibody (antibody 3) consisting of an H chain comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 174 and an L chain comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 201.
- a bispecific antibody consisting of an H chain comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:180 and an L chain comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:202.
- a bispecific antibody consisting of an H chain comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:181 and an L chain comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:202.
- a bispecific antibody consisting of an H chain comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 161 and an L chain comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 171.
- a bispecific antibody (Antibody 7) consisting of an H chain comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:225 and an L chain comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:202.
- the above antibodies (I) to (VII) all have the same structure, and a single-chain Fv that specifically binds to CD3 is attached to the heavy chain C-terminus of the Fab fragment that specifically binds to mutant CALR via a peptide linker. It is a bispecific antibody in which an Fc is further fused to the polypeptide to which it was fused.
- VIII A bispecific antibody (antibody 8) consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:226.
- a bispecific antibody consisting of an H chain comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 227 and an L chain comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 228, wherein the single chain specifically binds to the CD3 antigen
- a bispecific antibody (Antibody 9) in which the N-terminus of an IgG light chain that specifically binds to mutant CALR is fused to the C-terminus of Fv via a peptide linker.
- a preferred specific example of the bispecific antibody of the present invention has each of the above sequences, and the amino acid sequences of regions other than these regions are not particularly limited.
- Antibodies of the present invention may also be humanized antibodies and non-human mammalian antibodies. More specifically, it may be a chimeric antibody consisting of a non-human mammal, for example, a rat antibody heavy chain or light chain variable region and a human antibody heavy chain or light chain constant region.
- An antibody can be obtained by ligating a DNA encoding a variable region of a rat antibody with a DNA encoding a constant region of a human antibody, inserting this into an expression vector, and introducing it into a host for production.
- An example of a humanized antibody is shown below VH1-5 and VL1-5 (Table 2).
- human lymphocytes are sensitized in vitro with the desired antigen or cells expressing the desired antigen, the sensitized lymphocytes are fused with human myeloma cells such as U266, and the desired human antibody having antigen-binding activity is obtained. can also be obtained (see Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-59878).
- desired human antibodies can be obtained by immunizing transgenic animals having an entire repertoire of human antibody genes with desired antigens (WO93/12227, WO92/03918, WO94/02602, WO94/25585, See WO96/34096, WO96/33735).
- a technique for obtaining human antibodies by panning using a human antibody library is also known.
- variable region of a human antibody can be expressed on the surface of phage as a single chain antibody (scFv) by the phage display method, and phage that bind to the antigen can be selected. Genetic analysis of the selected phage allows determination of the DNA sequence encoding the variable region of the human antibody that binds to the antigen. Once the DNA sequence of the scFv that binds to the antigen has been identified, a suitable expression vector can be constructed using this sequence to obtain a human antibody.
- WO92/01047, WO92/20791, WO93/06213, WO93/11236, WO93/19172, WO95/01438, and WO95/15388 can be referred to.
- Bispecific antibodies for example, construct a bispecific antibody expression vector using DNA and an expression vector encoding an anti-mutant CALR antibody and an anti-CD3 antibody, introduce the expression vector into CHO cells or HEK293 cells, and induce plasma Transformed cells can be obtained.
- a culture medium in which the transformed cells are cultured can be purified by chromatography. Methods for producing bispecific antibodies are already well known, and JP2019022497, JP2017137329, and JP2015110628 can be referred to.
- the class of antibody is not particularly limited, and includes antibodies having any isotype such as IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD or IgE. Considering the ease of purification, etc., IgG is preferable.
- Domain structures include low-molecular-weight antibodies such as antibody fragments and modified antibodies.
- antibody fragments include, but are not limited to, Fab, Fab', F(ab') 2 , Fv, scFv, diabodies, and the like.
- human IgG H chain constant regions and heterozygous 349, 354, 366, 368, 407 amino acid mutations for H chain are shown, but not limited to.
- antibodies that bind to the polypeptides of (i) or (ii) may bind to these polypeptides.
- the antibody used for prevention and/or treatment of MPN is preferably an antibody that binds to the polypeptide (i) or (ii) and has cytotoxic activity.
- the antibody that binds to the truncated mutant CALR protein may be an antibody that binds to the polypeptide chain having the sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or 3. It is preferably an antibody that competes with at least any one of the above antibodies or functional fragments thereof in binding to the amino acid sequence portion represented by .
- Component (B) includes alkylating agents, platinum agents, antimetabolites, ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors, nucleotide analogues, topoisomerase inhibitors, microtubule polymerization inhibitors, Bcl2 inhibitors, antitumor antibiotics, interferons, cytokines.
- One or more drugs selected from pharmaceuticals, molecular targeted drugs, nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors, JAK inhibitors and cancer immunotherapeutic drugs, among which JAK inhibitors, antimetabolites (including ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors) ), nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors, interferons, cytokine preparations, molecular targeted drugs and cancer immunotherapeutic drugs are preferred.
- Alkylating agents include cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, dacardine, temozolomide, nimustine, busulfan, ranimustine and the like.
- Platinum agents include cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin and the like.
- Antimetabolites, ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors, nucleotide analogs include hydroxyurea, methotrexate, 5-FU, tegafur, 6-mercaptopurine, capecitabine, pendostatin, and the like.
- Topoisomerase inhibitors include doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, mitoxantrone, pirarubicin, amrubicin, etoposide, irinotecan, and the like.
- Bcl2 inhibitors include benecclexta and the like.
- Antitumor antibiotics include mitomycin C, actinomycin D, bleomycin, beplomycin, dinostatin stimmer and the like.
- Microtubule polymerization inhibitors include paclitaxel and docetaxel.
- JAK inhibitors include tofacitinib, baricitinib, peficitinib, upadacitinib, filgotinib, agrocitinib, ruxolitinib, and the like.
- Interferons include interferon- ⁇ , interferon- ⁇ , interferon- ⁇ and the like.
- Cytokine preparations include interleukin 2 and the like.
- Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors include azathioprion, mizoribine, cyclophosphamide and the like.
- Molecular target drugs and cancer immunotherapeutic drugs include antibody drugs such as anti-EGFR antibody, anti-HER2 antibody, anti-VEGF antibody, anti-VEGFR antibody, anti-PD-1 antibody, anti-PD-L1 antibody, anti-CTLA-4 antibody, EGFR agonists such as gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, osimertinib and dakocitinib, HER2 agonists such as lapatinib, mTOR agonists such as eperolimus, temsirolimus and sirolimus, anti-PD-1 antibody, anti-PD-L1 antibody, anti-CTLA-4 antibody , CTLA-4-Ig and other cancer immune checkpoint inhibitors (cancer immune checkpoint inhibitors are also classified as molecular targeted drugs).
- antibody drugs such as anti-EGFR antibody, anti-HER2 antibody, anti-VEGF antibody, anti-VEGFR antibody, anti-PD-1 antibody, anti-PD-L1 antibody, anti-CTLA-4 antibody
- anti-PD-1 antibodies include nivolumab and pembrolizumab.
- Anti-PD-L1 antibodies include atezolizumab, durvalumab, avelumab and the like.
- Anti-CTLA-4 antibodies include ipilimumab, tremelimumab and the like.
- CTLA-4-Igs include abatacept.
- these components (B) one or more agents selected from ruxolitinib, hydroxyurea, interferon ⁇ and cancer immune checkpoint inhibitors are particularly preferred.
- component (A) and the component (B) are used in combination (used in combination), the antitumor effect on various cancers is enhanced, and the antitumor effect for cancer prevention and / or treatment is enhanced. It is useful as a medicine.
- component (A) is useful as an antitumor effect enhancer for component (B).
- component (B) is useful as an antitumor effect enhancer for component (A).
- the form of the combination drug of the present invention is not particularly limited, and specific examples thereof include the following forms (i) and (ii).
- each formulation may be administered at the same time, or may be administered separately at appropriate time intervals, and the desired cancer preventive and / or therapeutic effect can be obtained. Appropriate dosing regimens can be employed to achieve this.
- both formulations may be provided as a kit formulation containing both formulations in a single package.
- cancers targeted by the present invention include lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma, myeloproliferative neoplasia (MPN), head and neck cancer, gastrointestinal cancer (esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, duodenal cancer).
- cancer liver cancer
- biliary tract cancer gallbladder, bile duct cancer, etc.
- pancreatic cancer small intestine cancer, colon cancer (colorectal cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, etc.), gastrointestinal tract cancer Stromal tumor, lung cancer (non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer), breast cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer (cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, etc.), kidney cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, Skin cancer etc.
- lung cancer non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer
- breast cancer breast cancer
- kidney cancer bladder cancer, prostate cancer, Skin cancer etc.
- the term cancer includes not only primary tumors but also cancers that have metastasized to other organs (such as the liver).
- the medicament of the present invention is useful for lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma, myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), gastrointestinal cancer (esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, duodenal cancer, etc.), liver cancer, biliary tract cancer (gallbladder, bile duct cancer, etc.), pancreatic cancer, small bowel cancer, colon cancer (colorectal cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, etc.), gastrointestinal stromal tumor, lung cancer (non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, etc.) ), renal cancer, etc., and further useful for lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma, myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), etc., and even more cancers in which mutated CALR is detected, especially against MPN Useful.
- MPN myeloproliferative neoplasm
- the medicament of the present invention may be in the form of a composition containing component (A), a composition containing component (B), or a composition containing component (A) and component (B).
- compositions are prepared by mixing, dissolving, emulsifying, encapsulating, or freeze-drying, etc., together with components (A) and/or (B) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. be able to.
- Suitable formulations for oral administration contain component (A) and/or component (B) in the form of liquid preparations in which an effective amount is dissolved in a diluent such as water or physiological saline, or in the form of solids or granules in an effective amount.
- a diluent such as water or physiological saline
- capsules, granules, powders, or tablets, suspensions in which an effective amount is suspended in a suitable dispersion medium, emulsions in which a solution in which an effective amount is dissolved are dispersed and emulsified in a suitable dispersion medium, etc. is.
- component (A) and/or component (B) are combined with pharmaceutically acceptable solvents, excipients, binders, stabilizers, dispersants and the like for injection solutions and suspensions. It can be formulated into dosage forms such as liquids, emulsions, creams, ointments, inhalants, and suppositories.
- component (A) and/or component (B) are dissolved in an aqueous solution, preferably in a physiologically compatible buffer such as Hank's solution, Ringer's solution, or physiological saline buffer. be able to.
- the medicaments of the present invention can take such forms as suspensions, solutions, or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles.
- component (A) and/or component (B) may be produced in the form of powder, and an aqueous solution or suspension may be prepared using sterilized water or the like before use.
- component (A) and/or component (B) can be powdered and made into a powder mixture with a suitable base such as lactose or starch.
- Suppository formulations can be prepared by mixing component (A) and/or component (B) with a conventional suppository base such as cocoa butter.
- the medicament of the present invention can be formulated as a sustained release formulation, such as by encapsulating it in a polymer matrix.
- component (B) When using a commercially available component (B), it can be administered according to its dosage and administration.
- component (A) it is preferable to administer 0.3 mg or more at a time, more preferably 0.3 mg to 300 mg, even more preferably 3 mg to 300 mg.
- sequence information of the heavy chain and light chain of the antibody of the present invention was obtained by extracting mRNA from antibody-producing cells using the PureLinc RNA Mini Kit (Thermo Fisher). prepared. Using the obtained mRNA as a template, cDNA was synthesized by the Rapid amplification of cDNA ends method using a heavy chain- or light chain-specific reverse transcription primer, and then cloned into a plasmid. The obtained plasmid was subjected to Sanger sequence analysis to determine the full-length cDNA sequences of the heavy and light chains.
- Example 1 Preparation of bispecific antibody Materials and test methods DNA encoding bispecific antibody based on sequence information of clones B3, C6, G1 antibody and anti-CD3 antibody (Table 1) and expression vector (pcDNA3.4, Thermo Fisher) was used to construct the bispecific antibody expression vector.
- the above expression vector is introduced into CHO cells or HEK293 cells using ExpiFectamine CHO Transfection Kit (Thermo Fisher) or ExpiFectamine 293 Transfection Kit (Thermo Fisher), the transformed cells are cultured, and then the cells are separated by centrifugation and filtration. It was removed and the culture medium was collected.
- Antibody purification was performed by a combination of affinity chromatography and gel filtration chromatography using nickel-bound agarose, a combination of Protein A affinity chromatography and gel filtration chromatography, or affinity chromatography and gel using CaptureSelect kappa XL resin (Thermo Fisher). A combination of filtration chromatography was performed.
- Bispecific antibodies based on the sequence information described in Patent Document 4 and Patent Document 2 (antibody 32: SEQ ID NO: 114 and SEQ ID NO: 115, antibody 33: SEQ ID NO: 116 and SEQ ID NO: 117, antibody 34: SEQ ID NO: 118 and SEQ ID NO: 119) and B3 chimeric antibodies (SEQ ID NO: 52 and SEQ ID NO: 64) were prepared.
- Example 2 Confirmation of recognition of cell surface mutant CALR protein by flow cytometry analysis
- Materials and test methods UT-7/TPO vec cells transfected with only the vector used for gene transfer as a control, mutant CALR UT-7/TPO CALR Ins 5 cells and UT-7/TPO CALR Del 52 cells expressing cultured in After 5 ⁇ 10 4 cells in the growth phase were centrifuged (400 g ⁇ 5 minutes, 4° C.), various antibodies were prepared in a FBS/PBS solution at a concentration of 5 ⁇ g/mL and allowed to react on ice for 30 minutes.
- the cells were washed twice using MACS buffer, and an anti-human Fc antibody was prepared as a secondary antibody to a concentration of 2.5 ⁇ g/mL in FBS/PBS solution and allowed to react on ice for 30 minutes. .
- MACS buffer was added and centrifuged (400 g ⁇ 5 minutes, 4 ° C.), the supernatant was discarded to wash the cells twice, and flow cytometry was performed using BD LSRFortessa X-20 (BD Biosciences). The analysis quantified the signal.
- PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from healthy human donors were treated with anti-CD3 antibody (Takara Bio). After 2 days of culture on the coated plates for 4-24 hours, T-LAK cells were induced by further culture for 10-21 days in RPMI-1640 medium (Sigma-Aldrich) containing IL-2 and 10% FBS.
- VH chain of SEQ ID NO: 2 VL chain of SEQ ID NO: 3
- VH chain of SEQ ID NO: 8 VH chain of SEQ ID NO: 8
- An anti-truncated mutant CALR-CD3 bispecific antibody prepared using the VL chain of SEQ ID NO:9 was adjusted to a concentration of 5 ⁇ g/mL and allowed to react on ice for 30 minutes. After the reaction, the cells were washed twice with MACS buffer, and an anti-human Fc antibody was prepared as a secondary antibody at a concentration of 5 ⁇ g/mL in FBS/PBS solution and reacted on ice for 30 minutes.
- Example 4 In vitro cytotoxic activity evaluation (materials and test method) After culturing UT-7/TPO/Ins5-Luc cells, which are target cells, with T cells in the presence of a bispecific antibody and hydroxyurea, ruxolitinib, or interferon- ⁇ , cell survival of target cells is measured using luciferase activity as an index. The rate was measured and T cell-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (hereinafter referred to as TDCC) was evaluated. T cells were isolated from healthy human blood using RosetteSep Human T Cell Enrichment Cocktail (STEMCELL technologies) or from healthy human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using Pan T cell isolation kit (Miltenyi biotech). Concentrated.
- TDCC T cell-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
- the combination effect was evaluated using a combination index (CI).
- CI combination index
- Calculation of CI was based on the Chou-Talalay method (Chou TC & Talalay, P.: Adv. Enz. Regul. 22:27-55, 1984) and was performed using CompuSyn software (Combosyn, Inc.). Ta. If the CI is less than 0.7, it is determined that there is a synergistic effect, and if it is less than 0.3, it is determined that there is a strong synergistic effect. A CI of around 1 is judged to be an additive effect. Table 3 summarizes the CI values of combinations at the minimum concentration at which the cytotoxic activity exceeded 85% and the combination effect was observed, as representative CI values.
- the combination of the antibody of the present invention and the drug has cytotoxic activity against UT-7/TPO CALR Ins 5 cells expressing mutant CALR. showed that.
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Abstract
Description
MPNを引き起こす原因である変異型CALRタンパク質は腫瘍細胞に発現していることから、フレームシフト変異により生じた変異型CALRタンパク質に特異的な配列はネオ抗原として、診断時のマーカーや、治療標的となる可能性が示唆されていた(特許文献1~2)。
(1)(A)変異カルレティキュリンタンパク質に特異的に結合する抗体又はその機能的断片と、(B)アルキル化剤、白金製剤、代謝拮抗剤、リボヌクレオチドリダクターゼ阻害薬、ヌクレオチドアナログ、トポイソメラーゼ阻害薬、微小管重合阻害薬、Bcl2阻害薬、抗腫瘍性抗生物質、インターフェロン、サイトカイン製剤、分子標的薬、核酸合成阻害薬、JAK阻害薬及びがん免疫治療薬から選択される一以上の薬剤とを組み合わせてなるがん予防及び/又は治療用医薬。
(2)成分(A)が、野生型カルレティキュリンタンパク質に結合せず、変異型カルレティキュリンタンパク質に対して高い親和性を有する抗体又はその機能的断片である(1)に記載の医薬。
(3)成分(A)が、配列番号2又は3で表される変異アミノ酸配列又はそれらの配列と80%以上の相同性を示す配列に結合する抗体又はその機能的断片である(1)又は(2)に記載の医薬。
(4)成分(A)が、ヒト抗体、ヒト化抗体、二重特異性抗体、多重特異性抗体、動物由来抗体とヒト抗体のキメラ抗体、Fab、Fab’、F(ab’)2、一本鎖抗体(scFv)及びダイアボディから選択される一以上の抗体又はその機能的断片である(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の医薬。
(5)成分(B)が、JAK阻害薬、核酸合成阻害薬、インターフェロン、サイトカイン製剤、分子標的薬及びがん免疫治療薬から選択される一以上の薬剤である、(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の医薬。
(6)成分(B)が、ルキソニチリブ、ヒドロキシウレア、インターフェロンα及びがん免疫チェックポイント阻害薬から選択される一以上の薬剤である、(1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の医薬。
(7)がんが、リンパ腫、白血病、多発性骨髄種、骨髄増殖性腫瘍(MPN)、消化器がん(食道がん、胃がん、十二指腸がんなど)、肝臓がん、胆道がん(胆嚢・胆管がんなど)、膵臓がん、小腸がん、大腸がん(結腸直腸がん、結腸がん、直腸がんなど)、消化管間質腫瘍、肺がん(非小細胞肺がん、小細胞肺がん)及び腎がんから選ばれるがんである(1)~(6)のいずれかに記載の医薬。
(8)がん予防及び/又は治療用医薬を製造するための、(A)変異カルレティキュリンタンパク質に特異的に結合する抗体又はその機能的断片と、(B)アルキル化剤、白金製剤、代謝拮抗剤、リボヌクレオチドリダクターゼ阻害薬、ヌクレオチドアナログ、トポイソメラーゼ阻害薬、微小管重合阻害薬、Bcl2阻害剤、抗腫瘍性抗生物質、インターフェロン、サイトカイン製剤、分子標的薬、核酸合成阻害薬、JAK阻害薬及びがん免疫治療薬から選択される一以上の薬剤とを組み合わせの使用。
(9)がんを予防及び/又は治療するための、(A)変異カルレティキュリンタンパク質に特異的に結合する抗体又はその機能的断片と、(B)アルキル化剤、白金製剤、代謝拮抗剤、リボヌクレオチドリダクターゼ阻害薬、ヌクレオチドアナログ、トポイソメラーゼ阻害薬、微小管重合阻害薬、Bcl2阻害薬、抗腫瘍性抗生物質、インターフェロン、サイトカイン製剤、分子標的薬、核酸合成阻害薬、JAK阻害剤及びがん免疫治療薬から選択される一以上の薬剤とを組み合わせ。
(10)(A)変異カルレティキュリンタンパク質に特異的に結合する抗体又はその機能的断片と、(B)アルキル化剤、白金製剤、代謝拮抗剤、リボヌクレオチドリダクターゼ阻害薬、ヌクレオチドアナログ、トポイソメラーゼ阻害薬、微小管重合阻害薬、Bcl2阻害薬、抗腫瘍性抗生物質、インターフェロン、サイトカイン製剤、分子標的薬、核酸合成阻害薬、JAK阻害薬及びがん免疫治療薬から選択される一以上の薬剤とを組み合わせて投与することを特徴とする、がんの予防及び/又は治療方法。
すなわち、本発明は、(A)変異型CALRタンパク質を特異的に認識する抗体と、(B)前記抗がん薬とを組み合わせてなるがん予防及び/又は治療用医薬、特にMPNを予防及び/又は治療するための医薬を提供する。
本明細書において、抗体又はその機能的断片とは、モノクローナル抗体及び遺伝子組み換え技術により作製されたキメラ抗体、ヒト化抗体、ヒト抗体、二重特異性抗体、多重特異性抗体、engager、Fab、Fab’、F(ab’)2、一本鎖抗体(scFv)、ダイアボディ、ミニボディなどを含む変異CALRに特異的に結合するタンパク質、そのタンパク質断片及びそのタンパク質断片を含む誘導体を意味する。
また、二重特異性及び多重特異性抗体の形態としては、特に限定されず、当該技術分野で公知の形態のいずれであってもよく、2種以上の抗原に対する特異性を保持している限り、それ以外の形態であってもよい。
二重特異性抗体の形態は、IgG様型と低分子型に大別される。IgG様型とは、Fc領域を保持した形態である。IgG様型抗体の形態としては、これらに限定されるものではないが、CrossMab、DAF(two-in-one)、DAF(four-in-one)、DutaMab、DT-IgG、knobs-into-holes、knobs-into-holes common LC、SEEDbody、Triomab、κλ-body、DVD-Ig、IgG-scFv、DuoBody等が挙げられる。IgG様型抗体では、Fc領域を保持しているため、ADCCやCDCといったエフェクター機能の発揮、精製の容易化、安定性の改善、血中半減期の延長等が期待される。一方、低分子型とは、通常、重鎖可変領域と軽鎖可変領域とからなるFv領域を基本の構成要素とした形態である。低分子型抗体の形態としては、これらに限定されるものではないが、Diabody(Db)、BiTE、DART、TandAb、scDb、triple body、miniantibody、minibody、scFv、tandem scFv、F(ab’)2等が挙げられる。低分子型では、その大きさから、組織透過性の向上や生産性の高さ等が期待される。その他、抗原との結合能を保持したままアミノ酸配列を欠失、置換若しくは付加させたもの、糖鎖の一部又は全部を欠失又は付加させたもの、リンカー等が付加したもの、他のタンパク質と融合させたもの、抗体と低分子医薬とをリンカーを介して結合した抗体薬物複合体(ADC)等の改変抗体も包含される。
前記ドメインは、配列番号4又は5の変異型カルレティキュリンタンパク質のエピトープに結合する抗体と競合する。ここで、変異型カルレティキュリンタンパク質は、配列番号4又は5で表されるアミノ酸配列からなるポリペプチド鎖中、又は配列番号4又は5において1若しくは数個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換若しくは付加されたアミノ酸配列からなるポリペプチド鎖中に抗原認識部位を有するものであるのが好ましい。
二重特異性抗体における第2のドメインは、CD3抗原に特異的に結合するドメインが好ましく、既存の抗CD3抗体由来の重鎖可変領域及び軽鎖可変領域、さらに既知の抗CD3抗体由来の重鎖相補性決定領域(CDR-H1、CDR-H2及びCDR-H3)及び軽鎖相補性決定領域(CDR-L1、CDR-L2及びCDR-L3)であることが好ましい。既存の抗CD3抗体としては、OKT3又はUCTH1が挙げられる。
また、表1には、二重特異性抗体の第1のドメイン及び第2のドメインの好ましい例として、抗変異CALR抗体(クローンB3、C6及びG1抗体)及び抗CD3抗体(OKT3、UCHT1)の重鎖可変領域及び軽鎖可変領域、さらに重鎖相補性決定領域(CDR-H1、CDR-H2及びCDR-H3)及び軽鎖相補性決定領域(CDR-L1、CDR-L2及びCDR-L3)のアミノ酸配列も表1に示す。
さらに、第2のドメインが、配列番号12で示されるアミノ酸配列と80%以上の相同性を有するアミノ酸配列を有するVH領域、及び配列番号13で示されるアミノ酸配列と80%以上の相同性を有するアミノ酸配列を有するVL領域を有する、二重特異性抗体、又は第2のドメインが、配列番号217で示されるアミノ酸配列と80%以上の相同性を有するアミノ酸配列を有するVH領域、及び配列番号218で示されるアミノ酸配列と80%以上の相同性を有するアミノ酸配列を有するVL領域を有する、二重特異性抗体が好ましい。
さらに好ましい二重特異性抗体としては、第1のドメインが、(d)配列番号6で示されるアミノ酸配列と80%以上の相同性を有するアミノ酸配列を有するVH領域、及び配列番号7で示されるアミノ酸配列と80%以上の相同性を有するアミノ酸配列を有するVL領域を有する、(e)配列番号8で示されるアミノ酸配列と80%以上の相同性を有するアミノ酸配列を有するVH領域、及び配列番号9で示されるアミノ酸配列と80%以上の相同性を有するアミノ酸配列を有するVL領域を有する、又は(f)配列番号10で示されるアミノ酸配列と80%以上の相同性を有するアミノ酸配列を有するVH領域、及び配列番号11で示されるアミノ酸配列と80%以上の相同性を有するアミノ酸配列を有するVL領域を有するものであり、第2のドメインが、(g)配列番号12で示されるアミノ酸配列と80%以上の相同性を有するアミノ酸配列を有するVH領域、及び配列番号13で示されるアミノ酸配列と80%以上の相同性を有するアミノ酸配列を有するVL領域を有する、又は(h)配列番号217で示されるアミノ酸配列と80%以上の相同性を有するアミノ酸配列を有するVH領域、及び配列番号218で示されるアミノ酸配列と80%以上の相同性を有するアミノ酸配列を有するVL領域を有する二重特異性抗体が挙げられる。
(I)配列番号174に示されるアミノ酸配列を含むH鎖、及び配列番号202に示されるアミノ酸配列を含むL鎖からなる二重特異性抗体(抗体1)。
(II)配列番号186に示されるアミノ酸配列を含むH鎖、及び配列番号201に示されるアミノ酸配列を含むL鎖からなる二重特異性抗体(抗体2)。
(III)配列番号174に示されるアミノ酸配列を含むH鎖、及び配列番号201に示されるアミノ酸配列を含むL鎖からなる二重特異性抗体(抗体3)。
(IV)配列番号180に示されるアミノ酸配列を含むH鎖、及び配列番号202に示されるアミノ酸配列を含むL鎖からなる二重特異性抗体(抗体4)。
(V)配列番号181に示されるアミノ酸配列を含むH鎖、及び配列番号202に示されるアミノ酸配列を含むL鎖からなる二重特異性抗体(抗体5)。
(VI)配列番号161に示されるアミノ酸配列を含むH鎖、及び配列番号171に示されるアミノ酸配列を含むL鎖からなる二重特異性抗体(抗体6)。
(VII)配列番号225に示されるアミノ酸配列を含むH鎖、及び配列番号202に示されるアミノ酸配列を含むL鎖からなる二重特異性抗体(抗体7)。
上記(I)~(VII)の抗体はすべて同じ構造をしており、変異CALRに特異的に結合するFab断片の重鎖C末端にCD3に特異的に結合する単鎖Fvがペプチドリンカーを介して融合したポリペプチドにさらにFcが融合している二重特性抗体である。
(VIII)配列番号226に示されるアミノ酸配列からなる二重特異性抗体(抗体8)。
(IX)配列番号227に示されるアミノ酸配列を含むH鎖、及び配列番号228に示されるアミノ酸配列を含むL鎖からなる二重特異性抗体であって、CD3抗原に特異的に結合する単鎖FvのC末端に変異CALRに特異的に結合するIgGの軽鎖N末端がペプチドリンカーを介して融合している二重特異性抗体(抗体9)。
ここで、抗PD-1抗体としては、ニボルマブ、ペムブロリズマブ等が挙げられる。抗PD-L1抗体としては、アテゾリズマブ、デュルバルマブ、アベルマブ等が挙げられる。抗CTLA-4抗体としては、イピリムマブ、トレメリムマブ等が挙げられる。CTLA-4-Igとしては、アバタセプトが挙げられる。
これらの成分(B)のうち、ルキソリチニブ、ヒドロキシウレア、インターフェロンα及びがん免疫チェックポイント阻害薬から選択される一以上の薬剤が特に好ましい。
また、成分(A)は、成分(B)の抗腫瘍効果増強剤として有用である。さらに、成分(B)は、成分(A)の抗腫瘍効果増強剤として有用である。
(i)成分(A)及び成分(B)の両成分を共に含有する単一製剤(配合剤)の形態。
(ii)成分(A)を含有する製剤と成分(B)を含有する製剤とを別々に投与するための形態。
なお、当該(ii)に係る形態の場合においては、各製剤を同時に投与するか、又は適宜の時間間隔をあけて別々に投与してもよく、所望のがんの予防及び/又は治療効果が達成されるように、適切な投与計画を採用することが可能である。成分(A)を有する製剤、及び成分(B)を含有する製剤を別々に投与するための形態においては、両製剤を単一包装中に含むキット製剤として提供することもできる。
本発明の医薬は、リンパ腫、白血病、多発性骨髄種、骨髄増殖性腫瘍(MPN)、消化器がん(食道がん、胃がん、十二指腸がんなど)、肝臓がん、胆道がん(胆嚢・胆管がんなど)、膵臓がん、小腸がん、大腸がん(結腸直腸がん、結腸がん、直腸がんなど)、消化管間質腫瘍、肺がん(非小細胞肺がん、小細胞肺がんなど)、腎がんなどにより有用であり、更にリンパ腫、白血病、多発性骨髄種、骨髄増殖性腫瘍(MPN)などに有用であり、よりさらに変異CALRが検出されるがん、特にMPNに対して有用である。
Dianova社製マウスモノクローナル抗体クローンCAL2(Cat#DIA-CAL)又は配列番号2-5に含まれるアミノ酸配列のC末端あるいはN末端にシステインを付加したペプチドを合成し、キャリアータンパク質キーホールリンペットヘモシアニン(Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin;KLH)と結合させてから、8週齢のメスのWKY/Izmラットに免疫し、追加免疫後にリンパ球を回収した。リンパ球をマウスミエローマSP2細胞とPEG法により細胞融合させてから、選択培地で培養しハイブリドーマを取得した。培養上清中の抗体の特異性を、免疫したペプチドや精製タンパク質を用いたELISA法によりスクリーニングすることで、切断型を含む変異型CALRタンパク質に結合する抗体を産生するハイブリドーマ(クローンB3、C6及びG1)を取得した。これらのハイブリドーマから産生された抗体を精製し、試験に用いた(クローンB3抗体、C6抗体及びG1抗体)。
ヒト巨核芽球性白血病細胞株UT-7/TPO細胞に、Del 52あるいはIns 5型の変異型CALRタンパク質を発現させることで腫瘍性に増殖するUT-7/TPO CALR Del 52細胞及びUT-7/TPO CALR Ins 5細胞と、コントロールとして遺伝子導入に使用したベクターのみを導入したUT-7/TPO vec細胞を、6.0×105個/mLの密度でOptiMEM培地(Thermo Fisher)に播種し、5%CO2存在下において37℃で32時間培養した。この際、UT-7/TPO vec細胞は、10ng/mL TPOを含む培地で培養した。
N末端のシグナル配列の下流にFLAGタグを挿入したDel 52型あるいはIns 5型の変異型CALRを発現するUT-7/TPO細胞を培養し、分泌された変異型CALRタンパク質を含む培養上清を遠心分離(1,600g×5分、4℃)により調製した。得られた培養上清をSDSと還元剤存在下で加熱処理したあと、SDSポリアクリルアミド電気泳動法によりゲル上に展開した上で、ポリビリニデンジフルオライド(PVDF)膜に電気的に転写し、5%スキムミルクを含むTBS-T溶液と室温で1時間反応させてから、ラットクローンB3、C6、G1抗体、あるいはマウス抗DYKDDDDK tag抗体(富士フイルム和光純薬)を含む5%BSA/TBS-T溶液と4℃において一晩反応させた。TBS-T溶液による洗浄を行なった後、それぞれ、ペルオキシダーゼ標識されたヤギ抗ラットIgG抗体(Jackson Immuno Research Inc.)、あるいはペルオキシダーゼ標識されたヤギ抗マウスIgG抗体(Jackson Immuno Research Inc.)を含む5%スキムミルク/TBS-T溶液と室温で1時間反応を行なった。PVDF膜をTBS-T溶液で洗浄した後に、ペルオキシダーゼ発光試薬と反応させて得られたシグナルを、FUSION撮像装置を使用して検出した。
その結果、クローンB3、C6及びG1抗体はいずれも全長型と切断型の変異型CALRタンパク質を認識し、CAL2は、全長型とB3、C6及びG1抗体の認識配列よりC末端側配列を認識することが確認された。
本発明の抗体の重鎖及び軽鎖の配列情報を、抗体を産生する細胞から、PureLinc RNA Miniキット(Thermo Fisher)を使用して、mRNAを調製した。得られたmRNAを鋳型に、重鎖あるいは軽鎖特異的な逆転写プライマーを用いて、Rapid amplification of cDNA ends法によりcDNAを合成した後、プラスミドにクローニングした。得られたプラスミドをサンガーシークエンス解析することで、重鎖と軽鎖のcDNAの全長配列を決定した。
材料及び試験方法
クローンB3、C6、G1抗体及び抗CD3抗体の配列情報(表1)を元にした二重特異性抗体をコードするDNAと発現ベクター(pcDNA3.4、Thermo Fisher)を用いて二重特異性抗体発現ベクターを構築した。上記の発現ベクターをCHO細胞又はHEK293細胞にExpiFectamine CHO Transfection Kit(Thermo Fisher)又はExpiFectamine 293 Transfection Kit(Thermo Fisher)により導入し、形質転換した細胞を培養したのちに遠心分離及びフィルトレーションにより細胞を除去し、培養液を回収した。抗体の精製はニッケル結合アガロースを用いたアフィニティクロマトグラフィーとゲルろ過クロマトグラフィーの組み合わせ、ProteinAアフィニティクロマトグラフィーとゲルろ過クロマトグラフィーの組み合わせ、又はCaptureSelect kappa XLレジン(Thermo Fisher)を用いたアフィニティクロマトグラフィーとゲルろ過クロマトグラフィーの組み合わせで実施した。また、上記と同様の手法により特許文献4及び特許文献2に記載の配列情報を元にした二重特異性抗体(抗体32:配列番号114及び配列番号115、抗体33:配列番号116及び配列番号117、抗体34:配列番号118及び配列番号119)及びB3キメラ抗体(配列番号52及び配列番号64)を調製した。
材料及び試験方法
コントロールとして遺伝子導入に使用したベクターのみを導入したUT-7/TPO vec細胞、変異型CALRを発現するUT-7/TPO CALR Ins 5細胞及びUT-7/TPO CALR Del 52細胞をウシ胎児非働化血清(FBS)10%を含むIMDM培地を用いて、5%CO2存在下において37℃で培養した。増殖期の細胞5×104個を遠心分離(400g×5分、4℃)後、FBS/PBS溶液中で各種抗体を5μg/mLの濃度に調製し、氷上で30分間反応させた。反応後、MACS bufferを用いて2回細胞を洗浄した後、2次抗体として、抗ヒトFc抗体をFBS/PBS溶液中において2.5μg/mLの濃度に調製し、氷上で30分間反応させた。
反応終了後にMACS bufferを加えて遠心分離(400g×5分、4℃)し、上清を廃棄することで細胞を2回洗浄し、BD LSRFortessa X-20(BD Biosciences)を用いてフローサイトメトリー解析により、シグナルを定量した。
材料及び試験方法
健康なヒトドナーから単離された末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)を抗CD3抗体(タカラバイオ)で4~24時間コーティングしたプレートで2日間培養後、IL-2と10%FBSを含むRPMI-1640培地(Sigma-Aldrich)でさらに10~21日間培養してT-LAK細胞を誘導した。T-LAK細胞5×105個を遠心分離(400g×5分、4℃)後、FBS/PBS溶液中で配列番号2のVH鎖、配列番号3のVL鎖、配列番号8のVH鎖及び配列番号9のVL鎖を用いて作製した抗切断型変異CALR-CD3二重特異性抗体を5μg/mLの濃度に調製し、氷上で30分間反応させた。
反応後、MACS bufferを用いて2回細胞を洗浄した後、2次抗体として、抗ヒトFc抗体をFBS/PBS溶液中において5μg/mLの濃度に調製し、氷上で30分間反応させた。反応終了後にMACS bufferを加えて遠心分離(400g×5分、4℃)し、上清を廃棄することで細胞を2回洗浄し、BD LSRFortessa X-20(BD Biosciences)を用いてフローサイトメトリー解析により、シグナルを定量した。
その結果、二重特異性抗体は、T-LAK細胞表面に発現するCD3抗原を特異的に認識することが確認された。
(材料及び試験方法)
標的細胞であるUT-7/TPO/Ins5-Luc細胞を、二重特異性抗体とハイドロキシウレア、ルキソリチニブあるいはインターフェロンαの存在下で、T細胞と培養後、ルシフェラーゼ活性を指標として標的細胞の細胞生存率を測定し、T細胞依存的な細胞傷害活性(T cell―dependent cellular cytotoxicity:以下TDCC)を評価した。
T細胞は、健常人血液からRosetteSep Human T Cell Enrichment Cocktail(STEMCELL technologies社)を用いて、または健常人末梢血単核球(PBMC)からPan T cell isolation kit(Miltenyi biotech社)を用いて分離・濃縮した。
384ウェルプレートにおいて、各ウェルにT細胞懸濁液20μL、標的細胞20μL、抗二重特異性抗体希釈液5μL、併用薬物希釈液5μLを加え(最終容量50μL/well、T細胞5x104cells/well、標的細胞5x103cells/well、E/T=10)、37℃、5%CO2で48時間培養後、各ウェルに25μLのSteady―Glo Luciferase Assay試薬を加え、各ウェルの化学発光を測定した。
二重特異性抗体と併用薬物を含まないコントロールウェルの化学発光値を100%として各ウェルの細胞生存率を算出した。
併用効果は併用指数(CI:combination index)を用いて評価した。CIの算出は、Chou-Talalay法に基づいて(Chou T.C.&Talalay,P.:Adv.Enz.Regul.22:27-55,1984)、CompuSynソフトウェア(Combosyn,Inc.)を用いて行った。CIが0.7を下回る場合に相乗効果があると判定され、0.3を下回る場合には強い相乗効果があると判定される。CIが1前後は相加的な効果と判定される。表3に、CIの代表値として、細胞傷害活性が85%を上回り、かつ併用効果が認められた最小濃度の組み合わせにおけるCIの値をまとめた。
Claims (10)
- (A)変異カルレティキュリンタンパク質に特異的に結合する抗体又はその機能的断片と、(B)アルキル化剤、白金製剤、代謝拮抗剤、リボヌクレオチドリダクターゼ阻害薬、ヌクレオチドアナログ、トポイソメラーゼ阻害薬、微小管重合阻害薬、Bcl2阻害薬、抗腫瘍性抗生物質、インターフェロン、サイトカイン製剤、分子標的薬、核酸合成阻害薬、JAK阻害薬及びがん免疫治療薬から選択される一以上の薬剤とを組み合わせてなるがん予防及び/又は治療用医薬。
- 成分(A)が、野生型カルレティキュリンタンパク質に結合せず、変異型カルレティキュリンタンパク質に対して高い親和性を有する抗体又はその機能的断片である請求項1に記載の医薬。
- 成分(A)が、配列番号2又は3で表される変異アミノ酸配列又はそれらの配列と80%以上の相同性を示す配列に結合する抗体又はその機能的断片である請求項1又は2に記載の医薬。
- 成分(A)が、ヒト抗体、ヒト化抗体、二重特異性抗体、多重特異性抗体、動物由来抗体とヒト抗体のキメラ抗体、Fab、Fab’、F(ab’)2、一本鎖抗体(scFv)及びダイアボディから選択される一以上の抗体又はその機能的断片である請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の医薬。
- 成分(B)が、JAK阻害薬、核酸合成阻害薬、インターフェロン、サイトカイン製剤、分子標的薬及びがん免疫治療薬から選択される一以上の薬剤である請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の医薬。
- 成分(B)が、ルキソニチリブ、ヒドロキシウレア、インターフェロンα及び免疫チェックポイント阻害薬から選択される一以上の薬剤である請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の医薬。
- がんが、リンパ腫、白血病、多発性骨髄種、骨髄増殖性腫瘍(MPN)、消化器がん(食道がん、胃がん、十二指腸がんなど)、肝臓がん、胆道がん(胆嚢・胆管がんなど)、膵臓がん、小腸がん、大腸がん(結腸直腸がん、結腸がん、直腸がんなど)、消化管間質腫瘍、肺がん(非小細胞肺がん、小細胞肺がん)及び腎がんから選ばれるがんである請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の医薬。
- がん予防及び/又は治療用医薬を製造するための、(A)変異カルレティキュリンタンパク質に特異的に結合する抗体又はその機能的断片と、(B)アルキル化剤、白金製剤、代謝拮抗剤、リボヌクレオチドリダクターゼ阻害薬、ヌクレオチドアナログ、トポイソメラーゼ阻害薬、微小管重合阻害薬、Bcl2阻害薬、抗腫瘍性抗生物質、インターフェロン、サイトカイン製剤、分子標的薬、核酸合成阻害薬、JAK阻害薬及びがん免疫治療薬から選択される一以上の薬剤とを組み合わせの使用。
- がんを予防及び/又は治療するための、(A)変異カルレティキュリンタンパク質に特異的に結合する抗体又はその機能的断片と、(B)アルキル化剤、白金製剤、代謝拮抗剤、リボヌクレオチドリダクターゼ阻害薬、ヌクレオチドアナログ、トポイソメラーゼ阻害薬、微小管重合阻害薬、Bcl2阻害薬、抗腫瘍性抗生物質、インターフェロン、サイトカイン製剤、分子標的薬、核酸合成阻害薬、JAK阻害薬及びがん免疫治療薬から選択される一以上の薬剤とを組み合わせ。
- (A)変異カルレティキュリンタンパク質に特異的に結合する抗体又はその機能的断片と、(B)アルキル化剤、白金製剤、代謝拮抗剤、リボヌクレオチドリダクターゼ阻害薬、ヌクレオチドアナログ、トポイソメラーゼ阻害薬、微小管重合阻害薬、Bcl2阻害薬、抗腫瘍性抗生物質、インターフェロン、サイトカイン製剤、分子標的薬、核酸合成阻害薬、JAK阻害薬及びがん免疫治療薬から選択される一以上の薬剤とを組み合わせて投与することを特徴とする、がんの予防及び/又は治療方法。
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