WO2023160233A1 - 一种不可逆的温变指示器及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种不可逆的温变指示器及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2023160233A1
WO2023160233A1 PCT/CN2022/143263 CN2022143263W WO2023160233A1 WO 2023160233 A1 WO2023160233 A1 WO 2023160233A1 CN 2022143263 W CN2022143263 W CN 2022143263W WO 2023160233 A1 WO2023160233 A1 WO 2023160233A1
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layer
temperature
change
irreversible
base
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PCT/CN2022/143263
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吕继祥
李海峰
谷小虎
陆健健
熊春荣
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江苏集萃智能液晶科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023160233A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023160233A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
    • G01K11/12—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in colour, translucency or reflectance
    • G01K11/14—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in colour, translucency or reflectance of inorganic materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of indicating devices, in particular to an irreversible temperature change indicator and a preparation method thereof.
  • High temperature monitoring is to understand the operation of equipment, parts, etc. in real time and record the high temperature environment conditions that equipment, parts, etc. have been in, and provide users with the temperature status experienced by equipment, parts, etc., so that users can judge the temperature of the equipment, parts, etc.
  • High temperature monitoring has been widely promoted especially in precision instruments, power systems and other fields. The following mainly introduces the common methods of cable high temperature monitoring.
  • the present application mainly solves the problem that the current reversible temperature change indicating material cannot accurately reflect whether the item to be monitored has ever been in an overheated temperature condition.
  • the present application provides an irreversible temperature change indicator, which includes a stacked base layer and a functional layer, and the functional layer becomes irreversibly transparent when the temperature reaches a predetermined temperature for displaying the color of the base layer.
  • the functional layer includes a stacked phase-change layer and an absorption layer, and the absorption layer is disposed on at least one surface of the phase-change layer; the phase-change layer occurs when the temperature reaches a predetermined temperature Phase change to present a transparent state, and release the first substance; the absorption layer is used to absorb the first substance released after the phase change layer, and present a transparent state.
  • the phase change layer is formed by solidifying a temperature-change slurry
  • the temperature-change slurry includes temperature-change microcapsules and additives
  • the temperature-change microcapsules include the first substance and seal the first substance.
  • a wall material of a substance the wall material is prepared from a temperature-changing material, and the temperature-changing material causes the phase change layer to undergo a phase change after the temperature reaches a predetermined temperature, so that the wall material of the temperature-changing microcapsules ruptures, and releases the first substance.
  • the temperature-changing material is one or more of polymethyl methacrylate, polyisocyanate, polyurea, and polyamide.
  • the first substance is silicone oil; the absorption layer is paper.
  • a protective layer is further provided on the side of the functional layer away from the base layer.
  • the base layer includes a release layer, an adhesive layer and a ground color layer stacked in sequence, and the ground color layer is arranged below the functional layer so that the functional layer can After reaching a predetermined temperature, it becomes transparent and then displays a color; the adhesive layer is arranged under the base color layer, so that the irreversible temperature change indicator is attached to the object to be tested; the release The layer is detachably arranged under the adhesive layer.
  • the base color layer is prepared from a colored slurry, and the colored slurry includes inorganic pigments, and the inorganic pigments are chrome yellow, iron blue, cadmium red, cadmium yellow, Any one or more of lithopone, carbon black, iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow.
  • the adhesive layer is a double-sided adhesive
  • the double-sided adhesive is prepared from a single component or multiple components
  • the single component is white oil glue, yellow hot melt adhesive, Any one of water glue and embroidery glue
  • the multi-components are at least two of white oil glue, yellow hot melt glue, water glue and embroidery glue.
  • the auxiliary agent includes water-based resin, and the auxiliary agent also includes at least one of a dispersant, a leveling agent, a defoamer, and a thickener.
  • the present application also provides a method for preparing an irreversible temperature change indicator.
  • the irreversible temperature change indicator includes a base layer and a functional layer.
  • the irreversible temperature change indicator is prepared by the following method :
  • the functional layer is stacked on the base layer, and the functional layer becomes transparent when the temperature reaches a predetermined temperature, so as to display the color of the base layer.
  • the base layer includes a release layer, an adhesive layer and a base color layer
  • the base layer is prepared by the following method: uniformly spraying on any surface of the release layer
  • the adhesive material is used to stack the adhesive layer on the release layer; the colored slurry is evenly sprayed on the surface of the adhesive layer away from the release layer to realize the adhesive layer on the release layer.
  • the functional layer is stacked on the base color layer, the functional layer includes a phase change layer, and the phase change layer is prepared by the following method: S1. Preparation of temperature change slurry material; S2, the temperature-changing slurry is uniformly coated to form a film, and then cured to form a phase-change layer.
  • the functional layer also includes an absorbing layer
  • the absorbing layer is prepared by the following method: the absorbing layer only includes For the first absorption layer: first prepare the first absorption layer on the base color layer, and then uniformly coat the temperature-changing slurry on the first absorption layer and then solidify to form a phase-change layer; or;
  • For the adsorption layer first prepare the first absorption layer on the base color layer, and then uniformly coat the temperature-changing slurry on the first absorption layer and solidify to form a phase-change layer.
  • the second absorbent layer is prepared on the surface of
  • the beneficial effect of the present application is that the present application provides an irreversible temperature indicator.
  • the irreversible temperature indicator When the irreversible temperature indicator is applied to precision instruments, power cables and other equipment, if local high temperature or short-circuit overheating occurs, the irreversible temperature The indicator will display local color accordingly, which not only reduces the complexity in the entire search process, but also reduces the personnel safety issues for high-voltage equipment during the investigation process.
  • the irreversible temperature change indicator provided by the present application is easy to operate and has a broad application market.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of state 1 of the irreversible temperature change indicator of the present application
  • the present application provides an irreversible temperature change indicator, which includes a stacked base layer 1 and a functional layer 2, and the functional layer 2 becomes an irreversible transparent state after the temperature reaches a predetermined temperature, which is used to display the temperature of the base layer 1. color.
  • a predetermined temperature which is used to display the temperature of the base layer 1. color.
  • thermochromic functional layer 2 is provided on the surface of the power connector body, and the thermochromic layer can be a single layer, which is made of pigments that can change color at different temperatures.
  • the thermochromic layer can also be a multi-layer structure, such as a layer formed by ordinary pigments and a wax layer that can melt at a predetermined temperature on the ordinary pigment layer.
  • the wax melts at a predetermined temperature it can display the color of the pigment below.
  • the color of the layer The inventor has carried out experiments on the color-changing adhesive tape prepared by the above-mentioned temperature-sensitive color-changing layer. It has been verified that the above-mentioned color-changing adhesive tape has a certain shortcoming, that is, the time retention of color development. It takes at least an hour or more for the color to develop obvious color, and it cannot be judged immediately.
  • the present application sets the functional layer 2 to include a stacked phase change layer 21 and an absorption layer 22, the absorption layer 22 is disposed on at least one surface of the phase change layer 21; the phase change layer 21 When the temperature reaches a predetermined temperature, a phase change occurs to present a transparent state, and the first substance is released; the absorption layer 22 is used to absorb the first substance released after the phase change layer 21 phase changes, and presents a transparent state state.
  • the irreversible temperature change indicator of the present application is applied to a cable, the irreversible temperature change indicator of the present application mainly undergoes a phase transition after the phase change layer 21 reaches a predetermined temperature and the absorbing layer 22 absorbs the first phase change released by the phase change layer.
  • a substance so that the functional layer 2 becomes transparent, and then exposes the color of the base layer 1, and finally indicates the high temperature state of the cable through an irreversible temperature change indicator.
  • the phase transition is more rapid. If the irreversible temperature-changing indicator of the application is placed under high temperature, the color-changing time can be up to 10s without appearing Discoloration retention.
  • the irreversible temperature-change indicator prepared by the above-mentioned functional layer 2 has a fast phase transition speed, so that the overall irreversible temperature-change indicator has a fast color development speed and excellent color rendering performance.
  • the phase change layer 21 is formed by solidifying a temperature-changing slurry, the temperature-changing slurry includes temperature-changing microcapsules and additives, and the temperature-changing microcapsules include the first substance and seal the first substance.
  • a wall material of a substance the wall material is made of a temperature-change material, and the temperature-change material causes the phase change layer 21 to undergo a phase change after the temperature reaches a predetermined temperature, so that the wall of the temperature-change microcapsule The material ruptures and releases the first substance.
  • phase change layer 21 when the above-mentioned phase change layer 21 is applied to a temperature change indicator, when the external temperature where the temperature change indicator is located reaches a predetermined temperature, the temperature change material in the phase change layer 21 undergoes a phase change, and the wall material ruptures. This causes the phase change layer 21 to become transparent, which can be permanently presented after it occurs, and the wall material of the temperature-changing microcapsules reacts very quickly after reaching a predetermined temperature, which shortens the time for the functional layer 2 to become transparent after reaching a predetermined temperature. state time.
  • the TG value (temperature resistance value) of the temperature-changing microcapsule wall material can be precisely controlled.
  • an irreversible temperature-changing microcapsule with precise different predetermined temperatures can be prepared.
  • the irreversible temperature change indicator can accurately monitor the external environment of the equipment. The above irreversible temperature change indicator is very suitable for precision instruments with strict requirements on temperature and under high voltage conditions such as power cables. temperature monitoring.
  • the temperature-changing material is one or more of polymethyl methacrylate, polyisocyanate, polyurea, and polyamide.
  • the present application regulates the TG value of the temperature-changing microcapsule wall material by preparing wall materials of different materials, and then regulates the indication temperature of the irreversible temperature-change indicator.
  • the indicated temperature of the irreversible temperature change indicator can be 30°C to 200°C, such as: 37°C, 45°C, 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, 90°C, 100°C, 110°C, 120°C wait.
  • the first substance is silicone oil, preferably, the ratio of the silicone oil to the temperature-changing material is 5:1 in terms of mass percentage;
  • the absorption layer 22 is paper.
  • the functional layer 2 is set to contain temperature-changing microcapsules, and the core material of the temperature-changing microcapsules is silicone oil, the wall material of the temperature-changing microcapsules ruptures when the temperature reaches a predetermined temperature, and the silicone oil leaks, and then infiltrates the paper, and the paper and phase change
  • the layer 21 becomes transparent, so that the base color layer 13 at the bottom is revealed, thus achieving the effect of irreversible color development.
  • the paper absorbs the silicone oil and can quickly become transparent, which also shortens the time for the functional layer 2 to become transparent after reaching a predetermined temperature.
  • the functional layer 2 is further provided with a protective layer 3 on the side away from the base layer 1 .
  • the protection layer 3 is used to protect the adsorption layer or the phase change layer 21 from being damaged.
  • the base layer 1 includes a release layer 11, an adhesive layer 12 and a ground color layer 13 stacked in sequence, and the ground color layer 13 is arranged below the functional layer 2 so that the function Layer 2 becomes transparent after the temperature reaches a predetermined temperature and displays a color; the adhesive layer 12 is arranged under the base color layer 13 so that the irreversible temperature change indicator is attached to the object to be tested above; the release layer 11 is detachably disposed below the adhesive layer 12 .
  • the irreversible temperature change indicator using the above-mentioned base layer 1 is applied to the item to be monitored, the release layer 11 is removed first, and then the adhesive layer 12 is used to attach the irreversible temperature change indicator to the item to be monitored.
  • the structural design of 1 is conducive to the preservation of the irreversible temperature change indicator, and the operation is convenient, which is beneficial to market promotion.
  • the base color layer 13 is prepared from a colored slurry, which is convenient for coating or printing, so as to prepare a uniform base color layer 13 .
  • the colored slurry includes inorganic pigments, which have high temperature resistance, and when the irreversible temperature change indicator is at a relatively high temperature, the base color layer 13 will not be damaged due to excessive temperature.
  • the inorganic pigment is any one or more of chrome yellow, iron blue, cadmium red, cadmium yellow, lithopone, carbon black, iron oxide red, and iron oxide yellow.
  • the adhesive layer 12 is a double-sided adhesive tape, and the structure of the double-sided adhesive tape is conducive to the adhesion of the release layer 11 and the base color layer 13 , or is conducive to the preparation of the base color layer 13 .
  • the double-sided adhesive is prepared from a single component, which is simple to operate, and only needs to coat the corresponding adhesive to form a film.
  • the single component can be, but not limited to, white oil glue, yellow hot melt adhesive , water glue, embroidery glue in any one.
  • the double-sided adhesive can also be prepared from multiple components, by mixing glues with different viscosities together, it can be modulated into adhesives with different viscosities to increase the selectivity of the double-sided adhesive.
  • the multi-component can be but Not limited to at least two of white oil glue, yellow hot melt glue, water glue, embroidery glue.
  • the auxiliary agent includes a water-based resin, and the auxiliary agent also includes at least one of a dispersant, a leveling agent, a defoamer, and a thickener.
  • Dispersant is a kind of surface active agent that has two opposite properties of lipophilicity and hydrophilicity in the molecule. Its main function is to uniformly disperse solid and liquid particles of inorganic and organic pigments that are difficult to dissolve in liquids. It is an amphiphilic reagent required to prevent the settling and aggregation of particles and form a stable suspension.
  • the function of the leveling agent is mainly to improve the printing leveling performance of the ink, and form a flat, smooth and uniform coating film during the drying and film forming process, which can effectively reduce the surface tension of the ink and improve its leveling and uniformity.
  • the function of the defoamer is mainly to reduce the surface tension of water, solution, suspension, etc., to prevent the formation of foam, or to reduce or eliminate the original foam, and finally play the role of defoaming in printing.
  • the thickener has the function of a surfactant and can be adsorbed on the surface of the dispersed phase, so that it has a certain degree of hydrophilicity and is easy to disperse in the water system.
  • This application prepares temperature-varying slurries with different properties by adjusting the thickener.
  • the present application also provides a method for preparing an irreversible temperature change indicator.
  • the irreversible temperature change indicator includes a base layer 1 and a functional layer 2.
  • the irreversible temperature change indicator is prepared by the following method:
  • the functional layer 2 is stacked on the base layer 1, and the functional layer 2 becomes transparent when the temperature reaches a predetermined temperature, so as to display the color of the base layer 1.
  • the base layer 1 includes a release layer 11, an adhesive layer 12 and a ground color layer 13, and the base layer 1 is prepared by the following method: any one of the release layer 11 Uniform spraying of the adhesive material on the surface to realize the stacking of the adhesive layer 12 on the release layer 11; a uniform spraying tape on the surface of the adhesive layer 12 away from the release layer 11 The color paste realizes stacking and setting the base color layer 13 on the adhesive layer 12 .
  • the functional layer 2 is stacked on the base color layer 13, the functional layer 2 includes a phase change layer 21, and the phase change layer 21 is prepared by the following method: S1, Prepare a temperature-changing slurry; S2, apply the temperature-changing slurry uniformly to form a film, and then solidify to form a phase-change layer 21 .
  • the functional layer 2 also includes an absorbing layer 22, and the absorbing layer 22 is prepared by the following method: the absorbing layer 22 only includes the base color layer 13 and the phase change For the first absorbing layer 22 between layers 21: first prepare the first absorbing layer 22 on the base color layer 13, and then uniformly coat the temperature-changing slurry on the first absorbing layer 22 Post-curing to form a phase change layer 21; or; when the absorption layer 22 only includes the second absorption layer 22 located on the surface of the phase change layer 21 away from the base color layer 13: directly on the phase change layer Prepare the second absorbing layer 22 on the surface of 21 away from the base color layer 13; or; the absorbing layer 22 includes a first adsorption layer between the base color layer 13 and the phase change layer 21 When the second adsorption layer is located on the surface of the phase change layer 21 far away from the ground color layer 13: the first absorption layer 22 is first prepared on the ground color layer 13, and then the first absorption layer 22 is prepared on the first color layer 13.
  • the present application also provides the following examples to prove that the irreversible temperature change indicator can be successfully prepared by applying the method of the present application, and the preparation method is simple. The performance test of the prepared irreversible temperature indicator was also carried out.
  • an irreversible temperature change indicator with a predetermined temperature of 80° C. is prepared.
  • the irreversible temperature change indicator reaches a predetermined temperature of 80° C.
  • the irreversible temperature change indicator turns yellow.
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • TG value 80 DEG C as the wall material of temperature-changing microcapsules
  • silicone oil as the core material of temperature-changing microcapsules, in terms of mass percentage, the ratio of the silicone oil to PMMA
  • the temperature-changing microcapsules were prepared at a ratio of 5:1. Stir the temperature-changing microcapsules with the water-based resin, dispersant and leveling agent fully and evenly to prepare the temperature-changing slurry for later use. Take the release film as the release layer, and evenly spray the white oil glue on the release layer.
  • a white oil glue layer (adhesive layer) is stacked on the release layer, and then the white oil glue layer On the surface far away from the release layer, evenly print the paste containing chrome yellow. After it dries, a stacked setting of the base layer (base layer) containing chrome yellow on the white oil glue layer is formed, and the previously prepared The temperature-changing paste is printed on the base color layer containing chrome yellow, and dried at 50°C to form a phase-change layer.
  • Performance test tear off the release film on the back of the irreversible temperature change indicator prepared above with a predetermined temperature of 80°C, attach it to the heating table, raise the temperature to 90°C, and when the temperature is lower than 80°C, The irreversible temperature change indicator keeps showing white, and when the temperature rises to 80°C, the irreversible temperature change indicator turns yellow instantly, and the response time is 5s. It shows that the quality of the irreversible temperature change indicator prepared in this example is qualified, and it can quickly indicate the change of the external temperature through the color change after the external temperature reaches the predetermined temperature.
  • an irreversible temperature change indicator with a predetermined temperature of 37° C. is prepared.
  • the irreversible temperature change indicator reaches a predetermined temperature of 37° C.
  • the irreversible temperature change indicator turns red.
  • the paste containing iron oxide red is evenly printed on the surface of the type layer, and after it dries, a stacked arrangement of a base layer (base layer) containing iron oxide red on the water glue layer is formed, and the previously prepared warm
  • the changing paste is printed on the base color layer containing iron oxide red, and dried at 50° C. to form a phase change layer.
  • Performance test tear off the release film on the back of the irreversible temperature change indicator prepared above with a predetermined temperature of 37°C, attach it to the heating table, raise the temperature to 40°C, and when the temperature is lower than 37°C, The irreversible temperature change indicator keeps showing white, and when the temperature rises to 37°C, the irreversible temperature change indicator turns red instantly, and the response time is 3s. It shows that the quality of the irreversible temperature change indicator prepared in this embodiment is qualified, and it can quickly indicate the change of the external temperature through the color change after the external temperature reaches the predetermined temperature.
  • an irreversible temperature change indicator with a predetermined temperature of 120° C. is prepared.
  • the irreversible temperature change indicator reaches a predetermined temperature of 120° C.
  • the irreversible temperature change indicator turns blue.
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • TG value 120 DEG C as the wall material of temperature-changing microcapsules
  • silicone oil as the core material of temperature-changing microcapsules, in terms of mass percentage, the ratio of the silicone oil to PMMA
  • the temperature-changing microcapsules were prepared at a ratio of 5:1. Stir the temperature-changing microcapsules with the water-based resin, dispersant and leveling agent fully and evenly to prepare the temperature-changing slurry for later use. Take the release film as the release layer, and evenly spray the white oil glue on the release layer.
  • a white oil glue layer (adhesive layer) is stacked on the release layer, and then the white oil glue layer Uniformly print the slurry containing iron blue on the surface far away from the release layer. After it dries, a stacked setting of the iron blue background layer (base layer) on the white oil glue layer is formed, and the previously prepared The temperature-changing paste is printed on the iron blue-containing base color layer and dried at 50°C to form a phase-change layer.
  • Performance test tear off the release film on the back of the irreversible temperature change indicator prepared above with a predetermined temperature of 120°C, attach it to the heating table, raise the temperature to 125°C, and when the temperature is lower than 120°C,
  • the irreversible temperature change indicator keeps showing white, and when the temperature rises to 120°C, the irreversible temperature change indicator turns blue instantly, and the response time is 4s. It shows that the quality of the irreversible temperature change indicator prepared in this embodiment is qualified, and it can quickly indicate the change of the external temperature through the color change after the external temperature reaches the predetermined temperature.
  • the irreversible temperature change indicator of this embodiment can be used for high temperature monitoring of wires and cables.
  • the present application provides an irreversible temperature change indicator, and its color development principle is: when the irreversible temperature change indicator is applied to the equipment to be monitored, before the temperature reaches the predetermined temperature, due to Due to the translucency of the functional layer, the color of the base layer cannot be seen. When the temperature reaches the predetermined temperature, the functional layer becomes transparent, so that the color of the base layer appears.
  • the sticker can be widely used in the monitoring of local high temperature or short-circuit overheating of various precision instruments and high-voltage equipment such as power cables.
  • the irreversible temperature indicator When the irreversible temperature indicator is applied to precision instruments, power cables and other equipment, if there is a local high temperature or short-circuit overheating, the irreversible temperature indicator will perform local color development accordingly, which reduces the time spent in the entire search process. It is complicated and reduces the personnel safety issues of high-voltage equipment during the investigation process.
  • the irreversible temperature change indicator provided by the present application is easy to operate and has a broad application market.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种不可逆的温变指示器，当将该不可逆的温度指示器应用于精密仪器、电力电缆等设备时，如果出现局部高温或短路过热，不可逆的温度指示器就会相应的进行局部显色，既降低了在全部查找过程中的繁杂，又降低了在排查过程中对于高压设备的人员安全问题。此外，本申请所提供的不可逆的温变指示器操作简单，应用市场广阔。

Description

一种不可逆的温变指示器及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及指示器件技术领域，尤其涉及一种不可逆的温变指示器及其制备方法。
背景技术
高温监测是实时地了解设备、零部件等的运行情况并记录设备、零部件等曾处于的高温环境状况，为其使用者提供了设备、零部件等所经历的温度状态，以便使用者判断该设备、零部件等使用的适应性及耐久性，从而确保设备、零部件等处于正常的运行状态。高温监测尤其在精密仪器、电力系统等领域得到了广泛推广，下面主要介绍了电缆高温监测的常用手段。
目前市场上有一种SPYBALL胶囊粉末，将该粉末涂在电缆上后，当电缆出线处于局部过热的时候，其所涂部位的颜色就会消失，但该SPYBALL胶囊粉末的颜色在电缆出线温度降到0℃以下后又会逐渐恢复，属于可逆的温变指示材料，可逆的温度指示材料在超出使用温度范围时，无法准确的反应电缆出线是否曾处于过过热的温度状况，限制了其应用。
发明内容
本申请主要解决了当前可逆的温变指示材料无法准确反应待监测物品是否曾处于过热的温度状况。
为实现上述目的，本申请是通过如下技术方案来实现的。
本申请提供了一种不可逆的温变指示器，包括堆叠设置的基层和功能层，所述功能层在温度到达预定温度后变为不可逆的透明状态，用于显示所述基层的颜色。
作为本申请进一步的改进，所述功能层包括堆叠设置的相变层和吸收层，所述吸收层设置于所述相变层的至少一个表面；所述相变层在温 度到达预定温度后发生相变以呈现出透明状态，并释放出第一物质；所述吸收层用于吸收所述相变层相变后释放出的第一物质，并呈现出透明状态。
作为本申请进一步的改进，所述相变层由温变浆料固化形成，所述温变浆料包括温变微胶囊和助剂，所述温变微胶囊包括第一物质和密封所述第一物质的壁材，所述壁材由温变材料制备而成，所述温变材料致使所述相变层在温度到达预定温度后发生相变，以使所述温变微胶囊的壁材破裂，并释放第一物质。
作为本申请进一步的改进，所述温变材料为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚异氰酸酯、聚脲、聚酰胺中的一种或几种。
作为本申请进一步的改进，所述第一物质为硅油类；所述吸收层为纸张。
作为本申请进一步的改进，所述功能层远离所述基层的一侧上还设置有保护层。
作为本申请进一步的改进，所述基层包括依次堆叠设置的离型层、胶黏剂层和底色层，所述底色层设置于所述功能层的下方，以使所述功能层在温度到达预定温度后变为透明状态后显示颜色；所述胶黏剂层设置于所述底色层的下方，以使所述不可逆的温变指示器贴附于待测物品上；所述离型层可分离的设置于所述胶黏剂层的下方。
作为本申请进一步的改进，所述底色层由带颜色的浆料制备而成，所述带颜色的浆料包括无机颜料，所述无机颜料为铬黄、铁蓝、镉红、镉黄、立德粉、炭黑、氧化铁红、氧化铁黄中的任意一种或几种。
作为本申请进一步的改进，所述胶黏剂层为双面胶，所述双面胶由单一组分或多组分制备而成，所述单一组分为白油胶、黄热熔胶、水胶、绣花胶中的任意一种，所述多组分为白油胶、黄热熔胶、水胶、绣花胶中的至少两种。
作为本申请进一步的改进，所述助剂包括水性树脂，所述助剂还包 括分散剂、流平剂、消泡剂、增稠剂中的至少一种。
为实现上述目的，本申请还提供了一种不可逆的温变指示器的制备方法，不可逆的温变指示器包括基层和功能层，所述不可逆的温变指示器是通过如下方法制备而成的：将所述功能层堆叠设置在所述基层上，所述功能层在温度到达预定温度后变为透明状态，以便于显示所述基层的颜色。
作为本申请进一步的改进，所述基层包括离型层、胶黏剂层和底色层，所述基层是通过如下方法制备而成的：在所述离型层的任意一个表面上均匀的喷涂胶黏剂材料，实现在所述离型层上堆叠设置胶黏剂层；在所述胶黏剂层的远离所述离型层的表面上均匀的喷涂带颜色的浆料，实现在所述胶黏剂层上堆叠设置底色层。
作为本申请进一步的改进，在所述底色层上堆叠设置所述功能层，所述功能层包括相变层，所述相变层是通过如下方法制备而成的：S1、制备温变浆料；S2、将所述温变浆料均匀的涂覆成膜后固化形成相变层。
作为本申请进一步的改进，所述功能层还包括吸收层，所述吸收层是通过如下方法制备而成的：所述吸收层仅包括位于所述底色层和所述相变层之间的第一吸收层时：先在所述底色层上制备所述第一吸收层，再在所述第一吸收层上均匀的涂覆所述温变浆料后固化形成相变层；或；所述吸收层仅包括位于所述相变层的远离所述底色层的表面上的第二吸收层时：直接在所述相变层的远离所述底色层的表面上制备所述第二吸收层；或；所述吸收层包括位于所述底色层和所述相变层之间的第一吸附层和位于所述相变层的远离所述底色层的表面上的第二吸附层时：先在所述底色层上制备所述第一吸收层，再在所述第一吸收层上均匀的涂覆所述温变浆料后固化形成相变层，在所述相变层的远离所述底色层的表面上制备所述第二吸收层。
本申请的有益效果在于，本申请提供了一种不可逆的温变指示器，当将该不可逆的温度指示器应用于精密仪器、电力电缆等设备时，如果 出现局部高温或短路过热，不可逆的温度指示器就会相应的进行局部显色，既降低了在全部查找过程中的繁杂，又降低了在排查过程中对于高压设备的人员安全问题。此外，本申请所提供的不可逆的温变指示器操作简单，应用市场广阔。
附图说明
图1为本申请的不可逆的温变指示器的状态1的结构示意图；
图中：1、基层；2、功能层；3、保护层；
11、离型层；12、胶黏剂层；13、底色层；21、相变层；22、吸收层。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请具体实施例及附图对本申请技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例，不用来限制本发明的范围。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请提供了一种不可逆的温变指示器，包括堆叠设置的基层1和功能层2，所述功能层2在温度到达预定温度后变为不可逆的透明状态，用于显示所述基层1的颜色。将该不可逆的温变指示器应用于电缆时，当电缆所处的外界温度不低于不可逆的温变指示器的预定温度时，不可逆的温变指示器将会显示基层1的颜色，且该不可逆的温变指示器的颜色将会永久留存，便于电缆使用者观察。
发明人发现，3M公司开发了一种感温变色胶带，将这种感温变色胶带应用于电力系统的关键节点后，当关键节点过热后，这种感温变色胶带就会出现不可逆的变色。如中国专利CN207197695U公开的电力接头，在电力接头本体表面上设置感温变色功能层2，其感温变色层可以是单层，该单层由能够在不同温度下变色的颜料制备而成，其感温变色层也 可以是多层结构，如由普通颜料形成的层以及该普通颜料层上的能够在预定温度下熔融的蜡层组成，当蜡在预定温度下熔融后，即能显示下面颜料层的颜色。发明人对由上述感温变色层制备的变色胶带进行了实验，经验证，上述变色胶带存在一定的缺点就是显色有时间滞留性，当某处电缆出线出线局部过热时，其变色胶带由无色到明显显色至少需要一个小时甚至以上，无法立即做出判别。进一步的，本申请将所述功能层2设置为包括堆叠设置的相变层21和吸收层22，所述吸收层22设置于所述相变层21的至少一个表面；所述相变层21在温度到达预定温度后发生相变以呈现出透明状态，并释放出第一物质；所述吸收层22用于吸收所述相变层21相变后释放出的第一物质，并呈现出透明状态。将本申请的不可逆的温变指示器应用于电缆时，本申请的不可逆的温变指示器主要是通过相变层21达到预定温度后发生相转变以及吸收层22吸收相转变层释放出的第一物质，从而实现功能层2变为透明状态，进而将基层1的颜色暴露出来，最终通过不可逆的温变指示器指示电缆曾处于的高温状态。与变色颜料的变色反应时间以及蜡吸热融化变透明的反应时间相比，相转变更迅速，将本申请的不可逆的温变指示器置于高温下，变色时间最长为10s，不会出现变色滞留性。由上述功能层2制备出的不可逆的温变指示器，由于具有快速的相转变速度，从而使整体的不可逆的温变指示器显色速度快，且显色性能优异。
作为优选的实施方案，所述相变层21由温变浆料固化形成，所述温变浆料包括温变微胶囊和助剂，所述温变微胶囊包括第一物质和密封所述第一物质的壁材，所述壁材由温变材料制备而成，所述温变材料致使所述相变层21在温度到达预定温度后发生相变，以使所述温变微胶囊的壁材破裂，并释放第一物质。本申请中，将上述相变层21应用于温变指示器时，当温变指示器所处的外界温度达到预定温度时，相变层21内的温变材料发生相变，壁材破裂，致使相变层21变为透明状态，该透明状态从发生后可永久呈现，且温变微胶囊在达到预定温度后壁材破裂反应 非常迅速，缩短了功能层2在到达预定温度后变为透明状态的时间。与现有技术相比，温变微胶囊壁材的TG值(耐温值)可以精确控制，通过制备具有不同TG值的温变微胶囊，进而制备出具有精确的不同预定温度的不可逆的温变指示器，最终使不可逆的温变指示器对设备所处的外界环境能精确的监测出，上述不可逆的温变指示器非常适用于对温度有严格要求的精密仪器以及电力电缆等高压条件下的温度监控。
作为进一步优选的实施方案，所述温变材料为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚异氰酸酯、聚脲、聚酰胺中的一种或几种。本申请通过制备不同材料的壁材来调控温变微胶囊壁材的TG值，进而调控不可逆的温变指示器的指示温度。所述不可逆的温变指示器的指示温度可以为30℃～200℃，如：37℃、45℃、50℃、60℃、70℃、80℃、90℃、100℃、110℃、120℃等。
作为优选的实施方案，所述第一物质为硅油类，优选的，以质量百分含量计，所述硅油类与温变材料的比例为5:1；所述吸收层22为纸张。当将功能层2设置为包含温变微胶囊时，且温变微胶囊的芯材为硅油，温变微胶囊的壁材在达到预定温度时破裂，硅油泄露，进而浸润纸张，纸张与相变层21变为透明状态，从而使底部的底色层13得以显现，因此达到不可逆显色的效果。纸张吸收硅油类可以快速的变为透明状态，也缩短了功能层2在到达预定温度后变为透明状态的时间。
作为优选的实施方案，所述功能层2远离所述基层1的一侧上还设置有保护层3。所述保护层3用于保护所述吸附层或所述相变层21不被破坏。
本申请中，所述基层1包括依次堆叠设置的离型层11、胶黏剂层12和底色层13，所述底色层13设置于所述功能层2的下方，以使所述功能层2在温度到达预定温度后变为透明状态后显示颜色；所述胶黏剂层12设置于所述底色层13的下方，以使所述不可逆的温变指示器贴附于待测物品上；所述离型层11可分离的设置于所述胶黏剂层12的下方。 将应用上述基层1的不可逆的温变指示器应用于待监测物品时，先去掉离型层11，再应用胶黏剂层12将不可逆的温变指示器贴附于待监测物品上，上述基层1的结构设计有利于将不可逆的温变指示器的保存，且操作便利，有利于市场推广。
作为优选的实施方案，所述底色层13由带颜色的浆料制备而成，浆料有利于涂覆或印刷，从而制备均匀的底色层13。进一步的，所述带颜色的浆料包括无机颜料，无机颜料具有耐高温性能，在不可逆的温变指示器处于较高温度下时，底色层13不会因为温度过高而被破坏。优选的，所述无机颜料为铬黄、铁蓝、镉红、镉黄、立德粉、炭黑、氧化铁红、氧化铁黄中的任意一种或几种。
作为优选的实施方案，所述胶黏剂层12为双面胶，双面胶的结构设置有利于粘附离型层11和底色层13，或者有利于制备底色层13。所述双面胶由单一组分制备而成，单一组分操作简单，只将相应的胶涂覆成膜即可，所述单一组分可以为但不仅仅限于白油胶、黄热熔胶、水胶、绣花胶中的任意一种。所述双面胶还可以由多组分制备而成，将具有不同粘性的胶混合在一起，可以调制成具有不同粘性的胶，增加双面胶的选择性，所述多组分可以为但不仅仅限于白油胶、黄热熔胶、水胶、绣花胶中的至少两种。
作为优选的实施方案，所述助剂包括水性树脂，所述助剂还包括分散剂、流平剂、消泡剂、增稠剂中的至少一种。分散剂是一种在分子内同时具有亲油性和亲水性两种相反性质的界面活性剂，主要作用是可均一分散那些难于溶解于液体的无机、有机颜料的固体及液体颗粒，同时也能防止颗粒的沉降和凝聚，形成安定悬浮液所需的两亲性试剂。流平剂的作用主要是用来提升油墨的印刷流平性能，在干燥成膜过程中形成一个平整、光滑、均匀的涂膜，能有效降低油墨表面张力，提高其流平性和均匀性。消泡剂的作用主要是用来降低水、溶液、悬浮液等的表面张力，防止泡沫形成，或使原有泡沫减少或消灭，最终起印刷消泡的作 用。增稠剂具有表面活性剂的功能，可以吸附于分散相的表面，使其具有一定的亲水性而易于在水系中分散。增稠剂的分子量分布、浓度、溶液的温度、pH值机剪切速率都会对溶液的黏度产生影响。本申请是通过调控增稠剂从而制备出具有不同性能的温变浆料。
本申请还提供了一种不可逆的温变指示器的制备方法，不可逆的温变指示器包括基层1和功能层2，所述不可逆的温变指示器是通过如下方法制备而成的：将所述功能层2堆叠设置在所述基层1上，所述功能层2在温度到达预定温度后变为透明状态，以便于显示所述基层1的颜色。
作为优选的实施方案，所述基层1包括离型层11、胶黏剂层12和底色层13，所述基层1是通过如下方法制备而成的：在所述离型层11的任意一个表面上均匀的喷涂胶黏剂材料，实现在所述离型层11上堆叠设置胶黏剂层12；在所述胶黏剂层12的远离所述离型层11的表面上均匀的喷涂带颜色的浆料，实现在所述胶黏剂层12上堆叠设置底色层13。
作为优选的实施方案，在所述底色层13上堆叠设置所述功能层2，所述功能层2包括相变层21，所述相变层21是通过如下方法制备而成的：S1、制备温变浆料；S2、将所述温变浆料均匀的涂覆成膜后固化形成相变层21。
作为优选的实施方案，所述功能层2还包括吸收层22，所述吸收层22是通过如下方法制备而成的：所述吸收层22仅包括位于所述底色层13和所述相变层21之间的第一吸收层22时：先在所述底色层13上制备所述第一吸收层22，再在所述第一吸收层22上均匀的涂覆所述温变浆料后固化形成相变层21；或；所述吸收层22仅包括位于所述相变层21的远离所述底色层13的表面上的第二吸收层22时：直接在所述相变层21的远离所述底色层13的表面上制备所述第二吸收层22；或；所述吸收层22包括位于所述底色层13和所述相变层21之间的第一吸附层和位于所述相变层21的远离所述底色层13的表面上的第二吸附层时：先 在所述底色层13上制备所述第一吸收层22，再在所述第一吸收层22上均匀的涂覆所述温变浆料后固化形成相变层21，在所述相变层21的远离所述底色层13的表面上制备所述第二吸收层22。
针对本申请的制备方法，本申请还提供了以下实施例用于佐证应用本申请的方法能成功的制备出不可逆的温变指示器，制备方法简单。还对制备出的不可逆的温变指示器进行了性能测试。
实施例1
本实施例制备出了预定温度为80℃的不可逆的温变指示器，当不可逆的温变指示器达到预定温度为80℃后，不可逆的温变指示器呈现出黄色。上述不可逆的温变指示器的制备步骤如下：
选择TG值为80℃的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)作为温变微胶囊的壁材，选择硅油作为温变微胶囊的芯材，以质量百分含量计，所述硅油与PMMA的比例为5:1，制备出温变微胶囊。将温变微胶囊与水性树脂、分散剂以及流平剂充分搅拌均匀，制备出温变浆料，备用。取离型膜作为离型层，在离型层上均匀的喷涂白油胶，干燥后，形成白油胶层(胶黏剂层)在离型层上的堆叠设置，然后在白油胶层的远离离型层的表面上均匀的印刷含铬黄的浆料，待其干燥后，形成含铬黄的底色层(底色层)在白油胶层上的堆叠设置，将之前制备好的温变浆料印刷到含铬黄的底色层上，并在50℃下进行干燥，形成相变层。在相变层的远离所述含铬黄的底色层表面粘附纸张(吸收层)并覆盖相变层，最后在纸张的远离所述相变层的表面上贴合保护膜(保护层)，贴合后即完成不可逆的温变指示器的制备。
性能测试：将上述制备出的预定温度为80℃的不可逆的温变指示器背面的离型膜撕掉，贴合到加热台上，升高温度至90℃，当温度低于80℃前，不可逆的温变指示器持续呈现白色，而当温度升高到80℃后，不可逆的温变指示器瞬间变成了黄色，反应时间为5s。表明本实施例制备的不可逆的温变指示器产品质量合格，在外界温度达到预定温度后，其能 通过颜色变化快速的指示外界温度变化状况。
实施例2
本实施例制备出了预定温度为37℃的不可逆的温变指示器，当不可逆的温变指示器达到预定温度为37℃后，不可逆的温变指示器呈现出红色。上述不可逆的温变指示器的制备步骤如下：
选择TG值为37℃的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)作为温变微胶囊的壁材，选择硅油作为温变微胶囊的芯材，以质量百分含量计，所述硅油与PMMA的比例为5:1，制备出温变微胶囊。将温变微胶囊与水性树脂、分散剂以及流平剂充分搅拌均匀，制备出温变浆料，备用。取离型膜作为离型层，在离型层上均匀的喷涂水胶，干燥后，形成水胶层(胶黏剂层)在离型层上的堆叠设置，然后在水胶层的远离离型层的表面上均匀的印刷含氧化铁红的浆料，待其干燥后，形成含氧化铁红的底色层(底色层)在水胶层上的堆叠设置，将之前制备好的温变浆料印刷到含氧化铁红的底色层上，并在50℃下进行干燥，形成相变层。在相变层的远离所述含氧化铁红的底色层表面粘附纸张(吸收层)并覆盖相变层，最后在纸张的远离所述相变层的表面上贴合保护膜(保护层)，贴合后即完成不可逆的温变指示器的制备。
性能测试：将上述制备出的预定温度为37℃的不可逆的温变指示器背面的离型膜撕掉，贴合到加热台上，升高温度至40℃，当温度低于37℃前，不可逆的温变指示器持续呈现白色，而当温度升高到37℃后，不可逆的温变指示器瞬间变成了红色，反应时间为3s。表明本实施例制备的不可逆的温变指示器产品质量合格，在外界温度达到预定温度后，其能通过颜色变化快速的指示外界温度变化状况。
实施例3
本实施例制备出了预定温度为120℃的不可逆的温变指示器，当不可逆的温变指示器达到预定温度为120℃后，不可逆的温变指示器呈现出蓝色。上述不可逆的温变指示器的制备步骤如下：
选择TG值为120℃的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)作为温变微胶囊的壁材，选择硅油作为温变微胶囊的芯材，以质量百分含量计，所述硅油与PMMA的比例为5:1，制备出温变微胶囊。将温变微胶囊与水性树脂、分散剂以及流平剂充分搅拌均匀，制备出温变浆料，备用。取离型膜作为离型层，在离型层上均匀的喷涂白油胶，干燥后，形成白油胶层(胶黏剂层)在离型层上的堆叠设置，然后在白油胶层的远离离型层的表面上均匀的印刷含铁蓝的浆料，待其干燥后，形成含铁蓝的底色层(底色层)在白油胶层上的堆叠设置，将之前制备好的温变浆料印刷到含铁蓝的底色层上，并在50℃下进行干燥，形成相变层。在相变层的远离所述含氧化铁红的底色层表面粘附纸张(吸收层)并覆盖相变层，最后在纸张的远离所述相变层的表面上贴合保护膜(保护层)，贴合后即完成不可逆的温变指示器的制备。
性能测试：将上述制备出的预定温度为120℃的不可逆的温变指示器背面的离型膜撕掉，贴合到加热台上，升高温度至125℃，当温度低于120℃前，不可逆的温变指示器持续呈现白色，而当温度升高到120℃后，不可逆的温变指示器瞬间变成了蓝色，反应时间为4s。表明本实施例制备的不可逆的温变指示器产品质量合格，在外界温度达到预定温度后，其能通过颜色变化快速的指示外界温度变化状况。本实施例的不可逆的温变指示器可用于电线电缆的高温监测。
综上所述，本申请提供了一种不可逆的温变指示器，其显色原理是：当将不可逆的温变指示器应用于待监测的设备上时，在温度未达预定温度前，由于功能层的半透明性，基层的颜色无法看到，当温度达到预定温度后，功能层变为透明状态，从而使基层的颜色呈现出来。该贴纸可以广泛应用于各类精密仪器以及电力电缆等高压设备的局部高温或者短路过热的监控。当将该不可逆的温度指示器应用于精密仪器、电力电缆等设备时，如果出现局部高温或短路过热，不可逆的温度指示器就会相应的进行局部显色，既降低了在全部查找过程中的繁杂，又降低了在排 查过程中对于高压设备的人员安全问题。此外，本申请所提供的不可逆的温变指示器操作简单，应用市场广阔。
虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施方式中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
上文所列出的一系列的详细说明仅仅是针对本发明的可行性实施方式的具体说明，它们并非用以限制本发明的保护范围，凡未脱离本发明技艺精神所作的等效实施方式或变更均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种不可逆的温变指示器，其特征在于，包括堆叠设置的基层和功能层，
    所述功能层在温度到达预定温度后变为不可逆的透明状态，用于显示所述基层的颜色。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的不可逆的温变指示器，其特征在于，所述功能层包括堆叠设置的相变层和吸收层，所述吸收层设置于所述相变层的至少一个表面；
    所述相变层在温度到达预定温度后发生相变以呈现出透明状态，并释放出第一物质；
    所述吸收层用于吸收所述相变层相变后释放出的第一物质，并呈现出透明状态。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的不可逆的温变指示器，其特征在于，所述相变层由温变浆料固化形成，所述温变浆料包括温变微胶囊和助剂，所述温变微胶囊包括第一物质和密封所述第一物质的壁材，所述壁材由温变材料制备而成，所述温变材料致使所述相变层在温度到达预定温度后发生相变，以使所述温变微胶囊的壁材破裂，并释放第一物质。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的不可逆的温变指示器，其特征在于，所述温变材料为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚异氰酸酯、聚脲、聚酰胺中的一种或几种。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的不可逆的温变指示器，其特征在于，所述第一物质为硅油类；所述吸收层为纸张。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的不可逆的温变指示器，其特征在于，所述功能层远离所述基层的一侧上还设置有保护层。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的不可逆的温变指示器，其特征在于，所述基层包括依次堆叠设置的离型层、胶黏剂层和底色层，
    所述底色层设置于所述功能层的下方，以使所述功能层在温度到达 预定温度后变为透明状态后显示颜色；
    所述胶黏剂层设置于所述底色层的下方，以使所述不可逆的温变指示器贴附于待测物品上；
    所述离型层可分离的设置于所述胶黏剂层的下方。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的不可逆的温变指示器，其特征在于，所述底色层由带颜色的浆料制备而成，所述带颜色的浆料包括无机颜料，所述无机颜料为铬黄、铁蓝、镉红、镉黄、立德粉、炭黑、氧化铁红、氧化铁黄中的任意一种或几种。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的不可逆的温变指示器，其特征在于，所述胶黏剂层为双面胶，所述双面胶由单一组分或多组分制备而成，所述单一组分为白油胶、黄热熔胶、水胶、绣花胶中的任意一种，所述多组分为白油胶、黄热熔胶、水胶、绣花胶中的至少两种。
  10. 根据权利要求3所述的不可逆的温变指示器，其特征在于，所述助剂包括水性树脂，所述助剂还包括分散剂、流平剂、消泡剂、增稠剂中的至少一种。
  11. 一种不可逆的温变指示器的制备方法，其特征在于，不可逆的温变指示器包括基层和功能层，所述不可逆的温变指示器是通过如下方法制备而成的：
    将所述功能层堆叠设置在所述基层上，所述功能层在温度到达预定温度后变为透明状态，以便于显示所述基层的颜色。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的不可逆的温变指示器的制备方法，其特征在于，所述基层包括离型层、胶黏剂层和底色层，所述基层是通过如下方法制备而成的：
    在所述离型层的任意一个表面上均匀的喷涂胶黏剂材料，实现在所述离型层上堆叠设置胶黏剂层；
    在所述胶黏剂层的远离所述离型层的表面上均匀的喷涂带颜色的浆料，实现在所述胶黏剂层上堆叠设置底色层。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的不可逆的温变指示器的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述底色层上堆叠设置所述功能层，所述功能层包括相变层，所述相变层是通过如下方法制备而成的：
    S1、制备温变浆料；
    S2、将所述温变浆料均匀的涂覆成膜后固化形成相变层。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的不可逆的温变指示器的制备方法，其特征在于，所述功能层还包括吸收层，所述吸收层是通过如下方法制备而成的：
    所述吸收层仅包括位于所述底色层和所述相变层之间的第一吸收层时：先在所述底色层上制备所述第一吸收层，再在所述第一吸收层上均匀的涂覆所述温变浆料后固化形成相变层；或；
    所述吸收层仅包括位于所述相变层的远离所述底色层的表面上的第二吸收层时：直接在所述相变层的远离所述底色层的表面上制备所述第二吸收层；或；
    所述吸收层包括位于所述底色层和所述相变层之间的第一吸附层和位于所述相变层的远离所述底色层的表面上的第二吸附层时：先在所述底色层上制备所述第一吸收层，再在所述第一吸收层上均匀的涂覆所述温变浆料后固化形成相变层，在所述相变层的远离所述底色层的表面上制备所述第二吸收层。
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