WO2023151209A1 - Thin-film solar cell module and manufacturing method therefor, and electrical device - Google Patents

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of solar cells, and provide a thin-film solar cell module and a manufacturing method therefor, and an electrical device. The thin-film solar cell module is provided with a plurality of first notch grooves, a plurality of second notch grooves, and a plurality of third notch grooves at intervals in a first direction. Each second notch groove comprises a plurality of sub notch grooves arranged at intervals in a second direction; each third notch groove comprises a plurality of semi-closed areas and connecting parts which are arranged at intervals in the second direction; a connecting part is connected to each of two sides of each semi-closed area in the second direction; each semi-closed area at least partially surrounds one sub notch groove; and each first notch groove is arranged towards the opening of each semi-closed area. According to the present application, a distance between each first notch groove and each third notch groove can be reduced, and the dead zone area between the first notch groove and the third notch groove is effectively reduced, such that the effective power generation area is increased, and the current loss of the thin-film solar cell module caused by the dead zone area is reduced, thereby improving the output efficiency of the whole thin-film solar cell module.

Description

Thin-film solar cell module, manufacturing method thereof, and electrical device

Cross References to Related Applications

This application claims priority to Chinese patent application 202210116895.X, filed on February 8, 2022, entitled "Thin-Film Solar Cell Module and Its Fabrication Method, and Electric Device", the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference middle.

technical field

The embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to a thin-film solar cell module, a manufacturing method thereof, and an electrical device.

Background technique

Thin-film solar cells are photoelectric devices that use sunlight to generate electricity directly. They have the advantages of small mass, thin thickness, bendability, and low cost of raw materials. In recent years, solar thin-film batteries have developed rapidly, accounting for an increasing proportion in the field of photovoltaic power generation. At present, the solar thin-film battery materials that have been industrialized mainly include thin-film batteries such as cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium selenide, amorphous silicon, gallium arsenide, and perovskite. With the development of the photovoltaic field in recent years, perovskite solar thin film cells are a new type of battery with great potential to replace the dominance of silicon-based solar cells.

In the prior art, when perovskite solar cell components are cut and scribed multiple times to form sub-cells, a large dead zone will be formed. Since photoelectric conversion cannot be generated in the dead zone, the power of perovskite solar cell components will be affected. Boost doesn't contribute.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above problems, embodiments of the present application provide a thin-film solar cell module, its manufacturing method, and electrical device, which can reduce the distance between the first notch and the third notch, and effectively reduce the distance between the first notch and the third notch. The dead area between the three grooves improves the output efficiency of the whole thin film solar cell module.

According to a first aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a thin-film solar cell assembly is provided, including a plurality of sub-cells. The sub-battery includes a substrate, a first electrode layer, a first charge transport layer, a light absorption layer, a second charge transport layer and a second electrode layer stacked in sequence. The thin-film solar cell assembly is provided with a plurality of first notches, a plurality of second notches and a plurality of third notches at intervals along the first direction.

Wherein, the first groove penetrates the first electrode layer along the stacking direction, and the first groove is filled by the first charge transport layer. The second groove runs through the second charge transport layer, the light absorbing layer and the first charge transport layer along the stacking direction, and the second groove is filled by the second electrode layer. The second groove includes a plurality of sub-grooves arranged at intervals along the second direction, and the first direction, the stacking direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other. The third groove runs through the second electrode layer, the second charge transport layer, the light absorbing layer and the first charge transport layer along the stacking direction, and the third groove includes a plurality of semi-closed regions and connecting parts arranged at intervals along the second direction, Both sides of each semi-enclosed area along the second direction are connected with a connecting portion, each semi-enclosed area at least partially surrounds a sub-groove, and the first notch is arranged toward the opening of the semi-enclosed area.

Through the above scheme, the distance between the first notch and the third notch can be reduced, effectively reducing the dead zone area between the first notch and the third notch, thereby increasing the effective power generation area and reducing the dead zone. The current loss of the thin-film solar cell assembly caused by the area area improves the output efficiency of the entire thin-film solar cell assembly.

In some embodiments, the projection of the connecting portion along the stacking direction at least partially falls into the first groove.

Through the above solution, the distance between the connecting part and the first notch can be reduced, that is, the distance between the third notch and the first notch can be reduced, thereby effectively reducing the distance between the first notch and the third notch. The dead zone area between the grooves increases the effective power generation area and improves the power of the thin film solar cell module.

In some embodiments, the thin film solar cell module further includes a grid line electrode layer. The grid line electrode layer is arranged on the top of the second electrode layer, the grid line electrode layer is connected with the second groove through the second electrode layer, the resistivity of the grid line electrode layer is smaller than the resistivity of the second electrode layer, and the third groove is also through the grid line electrode layer.

Through the above scheme, since the resistivity of the grid line electrode layer is smaller than that of the second electrode layer, the setting of the grid line electrode layer can increase the transmission efficiency of the current and reduce the loss during current transmission, thereby improving the performance of the thin film solar cell. The current output efficiency of the component.

In some embodiments, the gate line electrode layer includes main gate lines and sub gate lines. One end of the main grid line is connected to the sub-groove through the second electrode layer. The sub-gate line is connected to the main gate line, and the sub-gate line is used to transmit the collected current to the main gate line.

Through the above solution, not only the current can be collected through the main gate line, but also the sub-gate line can collect current, and transmit the collected current to the main gate line, so as to increase the transmission efficiency of the current. One end of the busbar is connected to the sub-groove through the second electrode layer, so that the current of the busbar can be transmitted to the sub-groove through the second electrode layer, and then transmitted to the first electrode layer to realize the interconnection of adjacent sub-cells.

In some embodiments, the number of busbars is greater than or equal to the number of sub-grooves, and each sub-groove is connected to at least one busbar.

Through the above scheme, each sub-groove is connected to at least one main grid line, each main grid line can collect current, and can transmit the collected current to the adjacent sub-groove, effectively reducing the transmission path of the current, The current loss is reduced, and the transmission efficiency of the current is increased.

In some embodiments, there are multiple sub-gate lines, and multiple sub-gate lines are connected at intervals on each main gate line.

Through the above scheme, a transmission medium can be provided for the current in various parts, reducing the probability of current transmission on the second electrode layer, thereby reducing the loss during current transmission and increasing the power of the thin film solar cell module.

In some embodiments, the shape of the sub-groove is at least one of cylindrical and prismatic.

Through the above solution, while ensuring the interconnection of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, the flexibility and diversity of setting the sub-grooves are improved.

In some embodiments, the distance between the first groove and the third groove in the first direction is 0 μm˜200 μm.

Through the above solution, the distance value is greatly reduced, which can effectively reduce the dead area between the first notch and the third notch, thereby increasing the effective power generation area and improving the power generation of the thin film solar cell module.

In some embodiments, the plurality of first notches, the plurality of second notches and the plurality of third notches are uniformly arranged in the first direction.

Through the above solution, the distances between adjacent first notches along the first direction are the same, the distances between adjacent second notches along the first direction are the same, and the distances between adjacent third notches along the first direction are the same. In this way, each sub-battery has the same size along the first direction, which facilitates the formation of sub-batteries with the same specification.

According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a method for manufacturing a thin-film solar cell module is provided, the method comprising the following steps:

A base is provided, a first electrode layer is stacked on the base, a plurality of first grooves are etched at intervals along a first direction on the first electrode layer, and the first grooves penetrate the first electrode layer along the stacking direction.

A first charge transport layer, a light absorption layer and a second charge transport layer are sequentially deposited on the first electrode layer, and the first charge transport layer is filled in the first groove.

A plurality of second grooves separating the second charge transport layer, the light absorption layer and the first charge transport layer are etched at intervals along the first direction, and the second grooves include a plurality of sub-grooves arranged at intervals along the second direction.

A second electrode layer is deposited on the second charge transport layer, and the second electrode layer is filled in the second groove.

The third grooves cutting off the second electrode layer, the second charge transport layer, the light absorbing layer and the first charge transport layer are etched at intervals along the first direction. Wherein, the third notch includes a plurality of semi-enclosed areas and connecting parts arranged at intervals along the second direction, each semi-enclosed area is connected with a connecting part on both sides along the second direction, and each semi-enclosed area at least partially surrounds One sub-groove, the first groove is arranged towards the opening of the semi-closed area.

According to a third aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is provided an electrical device, including the thin-film solar cell assembly in the first aspect, and the thin-film solar cell assembly is used to provide electric energy for the electrical device.

The above description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application. In order to understand the technical means of the embodiments of the present application more clearly, it can be implemented according to the contents of the description, and in order to make the above and other purposes, features and characteristics of the embodiments of the present application The advantages can be more obvious and understandable, and the specific implementation manners of the present application are enumerated below.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application. For Those of ordinary skill in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without making creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a thin-film solar cell module provided in an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the first notch in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the first notch and the second notch in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the first notch, the second notch and the third notch in FIG. 1 .

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another thin-film solar cell module provided by an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a thin-film solar cell module provided in an embodiment of the present application.

Explanation of reference signs:

1-subcell, 11-substrate, 12-first electrode layer, 13-first charge transport layer, 14-light absorption layer, 15-second charge transport layer, 16-second electrode layer, 17-grid electrode layer, 171-main grid line, 172-sub grid line,

P1-first groove, P2-second groove, P21-sub-groove, P3-third groove, P31-semi-closed area, P32-connection,

X-first direction, Y-stacking direction, Z-second direction.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments It is a part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of this application.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field of the application; the terms used herein in the description of the application are only to describe specific embodiments purpose, and is not intended to limit the application.

The terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification, claims and descriptions of the drawings of this application are intended to cover but not exclude other contents. The word "a" or "an" does not exclude the presence of a plurality.

Reference herein to an "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearances of the phrase "an embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood explicitly and implicitly by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

The term "and/or" in this article is just an association relationship describing associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and/or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and there exists alone B these three situations. In addition, the character "/" in this article generally indicates that the contextual objects are an "or" relationship.

The orientation words appearing in the following description are all directions shown in the figure, and are not intended to limit the specific structure of the thin-film solar cell module of the present application. For example, in the description of this application, the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "left", "right", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must Having a particular orientation, being constructed and operating in a particular orientation, and therefore not to be construed as limiting the application.

In addition, expressions such as the X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction used to describe the operation and configuration of the various components of the thin-film solar cell module of the present embodiment are not absolute but relative, and although each of the battery packs These indications are appropriate when the components are in the positions shown in the figures, but when these positions are changed, these directions shall be interpreted differently to correspond to said changes.

In addition, the terms "first" and "second" in the specification and claims of the present application or the above drawings are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order, and may explicitly or implicitly include a or more of this feature.

In the description of the present application, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means more than two (including two), and similarly, "multiple groups" means more than two (including two).

In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example, "connection" or "connection" of mechanical structures It may refer to a physical connection, for example, a physical connection may be a fixed connection, such as a fixed connection through a fixture, such as a fixed connection through screws, bolts or other fasteners; a physical connection may also be a detachable connection, such as Mutual clamping or clamping connection; the physical connection may also be an integral connection, for example, welding, bonding or integrally formed connection for connection. The "connection" or "connection" of the circuit structure may not only refer to a physical connection, but also an electrical connection or a signal connection, for example, it may be a direct connection, that is, a physical connection, or an indirect connection through at least one intermediate component, As long as the circuit is connected, it can also be the internal connection of two components; besides the signal connection through the circuit, the signal connection can also refer to the signal connection through the media medium, for example, radio waves. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application in specific situations.

In recent years, new thin-film solar cells represented by perovskite and organic thin-film solar cells have made subversive progress. Due to their advantages of high efficiency, low cost, and simple process, they have become the most potential substitutes for silicon-based solar cells.

For large-area thin-film solar cell modules, in order to obtain appropriate voltage and current output, laser or mechanical scribing is often used to scribe to realize the division and interconnection of cells. The process flow is as follows: deposit the bottom electrode on the substrate, perform the first scribing by laser or mechanical scribing, and complete the division of sub-cells. Then, deposit the functional thin film layer, and perform the second scribing by laser or mechanical scribing to complete the scribing of the series channel of the sub-cells. Finally, the top electrode film layer is deposited, and the third scribing is performed by laser or mechanical scribing to complete the division of the front electrode.

The inventors found that the three dashed lines in the related art are parallel to each other, and a relatively large area of ineffective power generation is formed between the first dashed line and the third dashed line, which is usually called a dead zone. Photocurrent cannot be generated in this area, resulting in a reduction in the effective power generation area on the thin film solar cell module, which ultimately affects the power output efficiency of the thin film solar cell module.

Based on this, the embodiment of the present application provides a thin-film solar cell module, through the special design of the second notch and the third notch, the distance between the first notch and the third notch can be reduced, and the first notch can be effectively reduced. The dead zone area between the groove and the third groove increases the effective power generation area and improves the power of the thin film solar battery module.

The thin film solar cell module provided by the embodiment of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of a thin-film solar cell module provided by an embodiment of the present application, Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of the first notch P1 in Figure 1, and Figure 3 is the first notch P1 and the second notch in Figure 1 The structure diagram of P2, FIG. 4 is the structure diagram of the first notch P1, the second notch P2 and the third notch P3 in FIG. 1 . As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 , the embodiment of the present application provides a thin film solar cell assembly, which includes a plurality of sub-cells 1 . The sub-cell 1 includes a substrate 11 , a first electrode layer 12 , a first charge transport layer 13 , a light absorption layer 14 , a second charge transport layer 15 and a second electrode layer 16 stacked in sequence. The thin film solar cell assembly is provided with a plurality of first grooves P1 , a plurality of second grooves P2 and a plurality of third grooves P3 at intervals along the first direction X.

Wherein, the first groove P1 penetrates the first electrode layer 12 along the stacking direction Y, and the first groove P1 is filled by the first charge transport layer 13 . The second groove P2 runs through the second charge transport layer 15 , the light absorbing layer 14 and the first charge transport layer 13 along the stacking direction Y, and the second groove P2 is filled by the second electrode layer 16 . The second groove P2 includes a plurality of sub-grooves P21 arranged at intervals along the second direction Z, and the first direction X, the stacking direction Y and the second direction Z are perpendicular to each other. The third groove P3 runs through the second electrode layer 16, the second charge transport layer 15, the light absorbing layer 14, and the first charge transport layer 13 along the stacking direction Y, and the third groove P3 includes multiple grooves arranged at intervals along the second direction Z. A semi-enclosed area P31 and a connecting portion P32, each semi-enclosed area P31 is connected to a connecting portion P32 on both sides along the second direction Z, each semi-enclosed area P31 at least partially surrounds a sub-groove P21, the first quarter The groove P1 is provided toward the opening of the semi-enclosed area P31.

The base 11 is also called a substrate or a substrate. The material of the substrate 11 can be glass, tempered glass, quartz, carbon, silicon, organic flexible materials, and the like. The substrate 11 can also be transparent conductive glass, stainless steel conductive flexible substrate, polyethylene terephthalate (polyethylene glycol terephthalate, PET) conductive flexible substrate, etc.

The first electrode layer 12 is also called a bottom electrode layer, a top electrode, a conductive layer, a transparent conductive oxide layer, a metal back reflection layer, and the like. The material of the first electrode layer 12 can be transparent conductive oxide (transparent conductive oxide, TCO), indium doped tin oxide (indium doped tin oxide, ITO), fluorine doped tin oxide (fluorine doped tin oxide, FTO) and aluminum doped tin oxide. Zinc (aluminum doped zinc oxide, AZO), etc.

The first charge transport layer 13 , the light absorbing layer 14 and the second charge transport layer 15 are functional layers of the sub-cell 1 , wherein the first charge transport layer 13 and the second charge transport layer 15 are carrier transport layers. The first charge transport layer 13 is also called a front charge transport layer or the like. The second charge transport layer 15 is also called a rear charge transport layer or the like. If the battery is a reverse structure system, then the first charge transport layer 13 is a hole transport layer, and the second charge transport layer 15 is an electron transport layer. In this case, the first charge transport layer 13 includes any material that can be used as a hole The organic or inorganic material of the transport layer, the second charge transport layer 15 includes any organic or inorganic material that can be used as an electron transport layer. If the battery is a formal structural system, the first charge transport layer 13 is an electron transport layer, and the second charge transport layer 15 is a hole transport layer. In this case, the first charge transport layer 13 includes any material that can be used as an electron transport layer. The second charge transport layer 15 includes any organic or inorganic material that can be used as a hole transport layer. Regardless of whether the battery is a trans-structure system or a formal structure system, the material of the electron transport layer can be zinc oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, carbon 60 (ie, C60) and fullerene derivatives (ie, PCBM), etc., holes The material of the transmission layer can be nickel oxide, poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (Poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) )amine], PTAA), 3-hexylthiophene polymer (abbreviation, P3HT), 2,2',7,7'-tetra[N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9 , 9'-spirobifluorene (abbreviation, Sprio-OMeTAD) and so on.

The light absorbing layer 14 is also called a photosensitive layer. If the material of the light-absorbing layer 14 is perovskite, the light-absorbing layer 14 can also be called a perovskite layer or a perovskite light-absorbing layer, and the formed thin film solar cell module is called a perovskite solar cell module. Wherein, the material of the perovskite layer may be lead iodide methylamine, lead iodine formamidine, cesium lead iodine, and the like. Similarly, if the material of the light absorbing layer 14 is CIGS, the formed thin film solar cell module is called CIGS solar cell module. If the light absorbing layer 14 is made of cadmium telluride, the formed thin film solar cell assembly is called a cadmium telluride solar cell assembly.

The second electrode layer 16 is also called a top electrode layer, a back electrode layer, a metal electrode layer, a transparent conductive front electrode, and the like. The material of the second electrode layer 16 is mainly a conductive oxide material, for example, ITO (indium tin oxide), AZO (azo), BZO (benzodiazepine), IZO (indium zinc oxide) and the like. It should be noted here that at least one of the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 16 may be a transparent conductive layer to ensure the light transmittance of the thin film solar cell module.

The first groove P1 is a scribe line carved through the first electrode layer 12 along the stacking direction Y, and the second groove P2 is cut through the second charge transport layer 15, the light absorbing layer 14, and the first charge transport layer along the stacking direction Y. 13 , the third groove P3 is a scribe line carved through the second electrode layer 16 , the second charge transport layer 15 , the light absorbing layer 14 and the first charge transport layer 13 along the stacking direction Y. It should be noted here that the substrate 11, the first electrode layer 12, the first charge transport layer 13, the light absorbing layer 14, the second charge transport layer 15 and the second electrode layer 16 are stacked from bottom to top, and the first The groove P1, the second groove P2 and the third groove P3 are all etched and scribed from top to bottom, so the stacking direction Y in the embodiment of the present application refers to the direction from top to bottom as shown in FIG. 1 .

The processing method of the first groove P1, the second groove P2 and the third groove P3 may be laser marking or mechanical marking. There are multiple first grooves P1, second grooves P2 and third grooves P3, and the multiple first grooves P1, the multiple second grooves P2 and the multiple third grooves P3 are respectively along the The first direction X is arranged at intervals, and the thin-film solar cell module is divided into a plurality of sub-cells 1 along the first direction X. Wherein, the first direction X may be the length direction or the width direction of the thin film solar cell module. Specifically, the first groove P1 is used to divide the first electrode layer 12 to form a plurality of sub-cells 1, and the first groove P1 is filled with the first charge transport layer 13, so that the first charge transport layer 13 passes through the first groove P1 and The substrate 11 is connected. The second groove P2 is filled by the second electrode layer 16, and the second groove P2 connects the second electrode layer 16 of the adjacent previous sub-cell 1 with the first electrode layer 12 of the next sub-cell 1, realizing front-to-back The interconnection between adjacent sub-batteries 1 . The third groove P3 divides the second electrode layer 16 of the adjacent sub-cell 1 to form a complete sub-cell structure.

The first groove P1 may be a square groove, a trapezoidal groove, a circular groove, etc. parallel to the second direction Z, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 3, different from the first groove P1, the second groove P2 is not continuous in the second direction Z, but is composed of a plurality of sub-grooves P21 arranged at intervals, and the plurality of sub-grooves P21 They may be equally spaced and evenly distributed along the second direction Z. As shown in Figure 4, different from the first groove P1 and the second groove P2, the third groove P3 includes a plurality of semi-closed regions P31 and connecting parts P32 arranged at intervals, and the number of semi-closed regions P31 can be compared with the number of sub-regions. The number of grooves P21 is the same, and the plurality of semi-closed regions P31 may correspond to the plurality of sub-grooves P21 one-to-one. The semi-enclosed area P31 has an opening, and each semi-enclosed area P31 can at least partially surround the corresponding sub-groove P21. It can be square, arc-shaped, trapezoidal, etc., and the connecting portion P32 can be a square groove, trapezoidal groove, circular groove, etc. parallel to the second direction Z or the first groove P1. The third notch P3 shown in FIG. 4 is zigzag. Wherein, when the first direction X is the length direction of the thin film solar cell assembly, the second direction Z is the width direction of the thin film solar cell assembly; when the first direction X is the width direction of the thin film solar cell assembly, the second direction Z is The length direction of the thin film solar cell module.

The working principle of the thin-film solar cell assembly provided by the embodiment of the present application is: based on the photoelectric effect, sunlight is incident on the light-absorbing layer 14 from the first electrode layer 12 and/or the second electrode layer 16, and the light-absorbing layer 14 absorbs the sun. After the light is excited to generate electron-hole pairs, the electron transport layer in the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 16 extracts the electrons and transports the electrons to the first electrode layer 12, and the hole transport layer transports the holes to the second electrode layer 16. When the thin film solar cell is connected to a load, electrons are transported to the second electrode layer 16 through the load, and recombine with holes. If there is continuous sunlight incident, the thin-film solar cell module will provide a continuous and stable current for the load to drive the load to work. Wherein, whether sunlight enters the light absorbing layer 14 from the first electrode layer 12 or the second electrode layer 16 depends on the light transmittance of the materials of the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 16 . Assuming that both the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 16 are made of transparent materials, sunlight can enter the light absorbing layer 14 from the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 16 . If only the first electrode layer 12 is made of a transparent material, then sunlight only enters the light absorbing layer 14 from the first electrode layer 12 .

In the embodiment of the present application, the second groove P2 is a plurality of sub-grooves P21 arranged at intervals along the second direction Z, the semi-closed area P31 of the third groove P3 at least partially surrounds one sub-groove P21, and the first groove P1 Set towards the opening of the semi-enclosed area P31, so that the distance between the first groove P1 and the third groove P3 can be reduced, effectively reducing the dead area between the first groove P1 and the third groove P3, Therefore, the effective power generation area is increased, the current loss of the thin-film solar cell assembly caused by the dead area is reduced, and the output efficiency of the entire thin-film solar cell assembly is improved.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4 , the projection of the connecting portion P32 along the stacking direction Y at least partially falls into the first groove P1 .

The connecting portion P32 is connected to both sides of the opening of the semi-enclosed region P31 along the second direction Z, and the connecting portion P32 may be parallel to the first groove P1. In order to further reduce the distance between the first notch P1 and the third notch P3, the connecting portion P32 may be disposed as close to the first notch P1 as possible. For example, the projection of the connecting portion P32 along the stacking direction Y may at least partially fall into the first groove P1. In FIG. 4 , the projection of the connecting portion P32 along the stacking direction Y coincides with the first groove P1 .

In this embodiment, the projection of the connecting portion P32 along the stacking direction Y at least partially falls into the first notch P1, which can reduce the distance between the connecting portion P32 and the first notch P1, that is, the third notch is reduced. The distance between the groove P3 and the first groove P1 can effectively reduce the dead area between the first groove P1 and the third groove P3, increase the effective power generation area, and increase the power of the thin film solar cell module.

In some embodiments, the distance between the first groove P1 and the third groove P3 in the first direction X is 0 μm˜200 μm.

Based on the previous embodiment, the third groove P3 includes a plurality of semi-closed regions P31 and connecting parts P32 arranged at intervals along the second direction Z, the semi-closed regions P31 at least partially surround the sub-grooves P21, and each semi-closed region P31 along the Both sides of the second direction Z are connected with a connecting portion P32 , it can be seen that the distances between different parts of the third notch P3 and the first notch P1 are different.

As shown in FIG. 4 , the distance between the connecting portion P32 and the first notch P1 in the third notch P3 is the smallest, and the distance between the semi-closed area P31 and the first notch P1 is relatively large. When the projection of the connecting portion P32 along the stacking direction Y at least partially falls into the first notch P1 , the distance between the first notch P1 and the third notch P3 in the first direction X is the smallest, and the minimum distance may be equal to zero. There is a maximum distance between the semi-closed area P31 and the first groove P1 in the first direction X, and the maximum distance may be 200 μm.

In this embodiment, the distance between the first groove P1 and the third groove P3 in the first direction X is 0 μm to 200 μm, compared with the distance between the first groove P1 and the third groove P3 in the first direction X The spacing on the X is 300 μm to 500 μm, which greatly reduces the spacing value, which can effectively reduce the dead zone area between the first groove P1 and the third groove P3, thereby increasing the effective power generation area and improving the power generation of thin-film solar cell modules power.

In some embodiments, when the second electrode layer 16 is a transparent conductive layer, the resistivity of the second electrode layer 16 is relatively large, and the collected current is lost during transmission. In order to improve the conductivity of the thin film solar cell module, As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 5 , the thin film solar cell module may further include a grid line electrode layer 17 . The gate line electrode layer 17 is arranged above the second electrode layer 16, the gate line electrode layer 17 is connected to the second groove P2 through the second electrode layer 16, and the resistivity of the gate line electrode layer 17 is smaller than the resistance of the second electrode layer 16. The third groove P3 also penetrates through the gate line electrode layer 17 .

The resistivity of the grid electrode layer 17 is lower than that of the second electrode layer 16, and the grid electrode layer 17 is arranged on the second electrode layer 16 to increase the transmission efficiency of current. The gate line electrode layer 17 may partially cover the second electrode layer 16 instead of completely covering the second electrode layer 16, so that the second electrode layer 16 can be ensured to have sufficient light transmittance while increasing the current transmission efficiency.

The gate line electrode layer 17 is disposed above the second electrode layer 16, and the third groove P3 can be carved after the gate line electrode layer 17 is laid, so that the third groove P3 penetrates the gate line electrode layer 17 along the lamination direction Y. , the second electrode layer 16 , the second charge transport layer 15 , the light absorbing layer 14 and the first charge transport layer 13 , so that the thin film solar cell assembly is divided into a plurality of sub-cells 1 along the first direction X.

The second groove P2 is filled by the second electrode layer 16, the grid line electrode layer 17 can be connected with the second groove P2 through the second electrode layer 16, and the current collected by the grid line electrode layer 17 can pass through the second electrode layer 16, The second groove P2 flows to the first electrode layer 12 .

In this embodiment, the gate line electrode layer 17 is arranged above the second electrode layer 16. Since the resistivity of the gate line electrode layer 17 is smaller than the resistivity of the second electrode layer 16, the setting of the gate line electrode layer 17 can be increased. The current transmission efficiency reduces the loss during current transmission, thereby improving the current output efficiency of the thin film solar cell module.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5 , the gate line electrode layer 17 may include main gate lines 171 and sub gate lines 172 . One end of the main gate line 171 is connected to the sub-groove P21 through the second electrode layer 16 . The sub-gate line 172 is connected to the main gate line 171 , and the sub-gate line 172 is used to transmit the collected current to the main gate line 171 .

The main grid line 171 and the sub-grid line 172 are made of metal materials. For example, the materials of the main grid line 171 and the sub-grid line 172 include but are not limited to any of gold, silver, copper, aluminum, nickel, zinc, tin, iron, etc. One and its combination or alloy.

The main grid lines 171 and the sub grid lines 172 can be integrally formed by screen printing, vacuum sputtering or vacuum evaporation techniques, and the industrial preparation techniques are diversified. The thickness of the main gate line 171 and the sub gate line 172 may be 20nm˜200nm. The width of the main gate line 171 may be 20µm˜100µm, and the width of the sub gate line 172 may be 10µm˜20µm.

The busbar 171 may be arranged parallel to the first direction X, or may have a non-zero angle with the first direction X, for example, the angle may be 60°, 85°, 90°, etc. FIG. The sub-gate line 172 is connected to the main gate line 171 , the end of the sub-gate line 172 may be connected to the main gate line 171 , or the part of the sub-gate line 172 except the end may be connected to the main gate line 171 . There may be any included angle between the sub-grid line 172 and the main gate line 171 , for example, the included angle may be 50°, 75°, 90° and so on.

In this embodiment, the sub-gate line 172 is connected to the main gate line 171, not only the current can be collected through the main gate line 171, the sub-gate line 172 can also collect current, and the collected current can be transmitted to the main gate line 171, so as to increase current transfer efficiency. One end of the main gate line 171 is connected to the sub-groove P21 through the second electrode layer 16, so that the current of the main gate line 171 can be transmitted to the sub-groove P21 through the second electrode layer 16, and then transmitted to the first electrode layer 12, realizing The interconnection of adjacent sub-batteries 1.

In some embodiments, the number of main gate lines 171 may be greater than or equal to the number of sub-grooves P21 , and each sub-groove P21 is connected to at least one main gate line 171 .

Each sub-groove P21 may be connected to at least one main gate line 171 through the second electrode layer 16 . The number of main gate lines 171 connected to different sub-grooves P21 may be the same, or of course may be different. For example, if a certain second groove P2 includes 4 sub-grooves P21 along the second direction Z, then the first sub-groove P21 can be connected with a main gate line 171, and the second and third sub-grooves P21 can be respectively Two main gate lines 171 are connected, and the fourth sub-groove P21 may be connected with four main gate lines 171 . This example does not constitute a limitation to the solution of this application.

Under the condition that the light transmission requirement of the second electrode layer 16 is met, the more the number of main gate lines 171 connected to each sub-groove P21 is, the higher the current transmission efficiency is. After the main gate line 171 collects the current, it can be transmitted to the adjacent sub-groove P21 through the second electrode layer 16 , which reduces the transmission path of the current and increases the transmission efficiency of the current.

In this embodiment, each sub-groove P21 is connected to at least one main grid line 171, each main grid line 171 can collect current, and can transmit the collected current to the adjacent sub-groove P21, effectively reducing the The transmission path of the current reduces the current loss and increases the transmission efficiency of the current.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5 , there may be multiple sub-gate lines 172 , and each main gate line 171 is connected with a plurality of sub-gate lines 172 at intervals.

The distances between multiple sub-gate lines 172 connected to each main gate line 171 may be the same or different, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.

Various parts on the second electrode layer 16 may generate current, and connecting a plurality of sub-grid lines 172 to the main grid line 171 at intervals can provide a transmission medium for the current of each part, reducing the transmission of current on the second electrode layer 16 chance, thereby reducing the loss during current transmission and increasing the power of thin-film solar cell modules.

In some embodiments, the shape of the sub-groove P21 may be at least one of a cylindrical shape and a prismatic shape.

The plurality of sub-grooves P21 may be independently spaced cylindrical grooves, prismatic grooves, or the like. For a certain second groove P2, the shapes of the plurality of sub-grooves P21 included in the second groove P2 along the second direction Z may be the same or different, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.

Multiple spaced sub-groove P21 interconnection regions can be obtained by reducing the laser pulse repetition frequency and increasing the etching speed of the process, which increases the tact of the process.

In this embodiment, the shape of the sub-grooves P21 is not limited to a specific shape, and while ensuring the interconnection of the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 16, the flexibility and diversity of setting the sub-grooves P21 are improved.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 , the plurality of first notches P1 , the plurality of second notches P2 and the plurality of third notches P3 are uniformly arranged in the first direction X.

On the basis of the previous embodiments, the plurality of first grooves P1, the plurality of second grooves P2 and the plurality of third grooves P3 can not only be arranged at intervals along the first direction X, but also can be arranged along the first direction X Evenly spaced.

In other words, the distance between adjacent first grooves P1 along the first direction X is the same, the distance between adjacent second grooves P2 along the first direction X is the same, and the distance between adjacent third grooves P3 along the first direction X is the same. same. In this way, the size of each sub-battery 1 along the first direction X is the same, which facilitates the formation of sub-batteries 1 with the same specifications.

Further, in some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 , a plurality of first grooves P1, a plurality of second grooves P2 and a plurality of third grooves P3 may be parallel to the second direction Z, so that , it is convenient to form a regular sub-battery 1 and reduce the probability of abnormal shape of the sub-battery 1 .

In some embodiments, the sub-battery 1 may further include a packaging material layer and a cover glass.

The cover glass is disposed above the packaging material layer. When the thin film solar cell assembly does not have the grid line electrode layer 17, the encapsulation material layer can be arranged above the second electrode layer 16; when the thin film solar cell assembly is also provided with the grid line electrode layer 17, the encapsulation material layer can be arranged on the grid line above the electrode layer 17.

Regardless of whether the encapsulation material layer is disposed on the second electrode layer 16 or the gate line electrode layer 17 , the encapsulation material will cover the third groove P3 . The packaging material layer can seal the sub-battery 1 and the cover glass, provide sufficient support for the sub-battery 1, block the entry of external water vapor and air, prevent the sub-battery 1 from being oxidized and hydrolyzed, and increase the operational reliability and mechanical strength of the sub-battery 1. performance.

According to some embodiments of the present application, as shown in FIG. 6, the embodiment of the present application also provides a method for manufacturing a thin-film solar cell module, the method includes the following steps:

S1: Provide the substrate 11, stack the first electrode layer 12 on the substrate 11, etch a plurality of first grooves P1 at intervals along the first direction X on the first electrode layer 12, and the first grooves P1 are along the stacking direction Y penetrating through the first electrode layer 12 .

The preparation method of the first electrode layer 12 may be evaporation or magnetron sputtering or CVD (chemical vapor deposition) or ALD (atomic layer deposition).

When etching the first groove P1 on the first electrode layer 12, a line can be drawn every 6 mm-10 mm from one side of the first electrode layer 12, and the width of the line can be 10 μm-80 μm. In this way, the first electrode A first groove P1 with a width of 10 μm-80 μm can be formed on the layer 12 every 6 mm-10 mm.

S2: Depositing the first charge transport layer 13 , the light absorbing layer 14 and the second charge transport layer 15 sequentially on the first electrode layer 12 , and filling the first charge transport layer 13 in the first groove P1 .

The preparation method of the first charge transport layer 13 and the second charge transport layer 15 may be vacuum sputtering, reactive plasma sputtering, vacuum thermal evaporation or wet coating, and the like. The preparation method of the light absorbing layer 14 may be wet coating.

S3: Etching at intervals along the first direction X a plurality of second grooves P2 that cut off the second charge transport layer 15, the light absorbing layer 14 and the first charge transport layer 13, the second grooves P2 include A plurality of sub-grooves P21 arranged at intervals.

Wherein, the first direction X, the stacking direction Y and the second direction Z are perpendicular to each other.

The second groove P2 is an interconnection area between the second electrode layer 16 of the previous sub-cell 1 and the first electrode layer 12 of the next sub-cell 1 . When etching the second groove P2, a sub-groove can be etched every 1 mm to 20 mm from one side of the second charge transport layer 15, the light absorption layer 14 and the first charge transport layer 13 along the second direction Z. P21 , and the distance between each sub-groove P21 and the first groove P1 in the first direction X may be 10 μm˜80 μm. That is to say, the distance between adjacent sub-grooves P21 along the second direction Z may be 1 mm˜20 mm, and the distance between the second groove P2 and the first groove P1 along the first direction X may be 10 μm˜80 μm.

The second groove P2 can be formed by laser scribing or mechanical scribing.

S4: Deposit the second electrode layer 16 on the second charge transport layer 15, and make the second electrode layer 16 fill the second groove P2.

The preparation method of the second electrode layer 16 may be vacuum sputtering, reactive plasma sputtering, atomic layer deposition and the like.

S5: Etching the third groove P3 separating the second electrode layer 16 , the second charge transport layer 15 , the light absorbing layer 14 and the first charge transport layer 13 at intervals along the first direction X.

Wherein, the third notch P3 includes a plurality of semi-closed areas P31 and connecting parts P32 arranged at intervals along the second direction Z, each semi-closed area P31 is connected to a connecting part P32 on both sides along the second direction Z, each Each semi-enclosed area P31 at least partially surrounds one sub-groove P21, and the first notch P1 is disposed toward the opening of the semi-enclosed area P31.

The third groove P3 should closely surround the second groove P2 to divide the sub-battery 1. The groove width of the third groove P3 can be 30 μm to 100 μm. The third groove P3 and the first groove P1 are in the first direction X The distance above can be 0 μm˜200 μm, wherein the distance between the semi-closed region P31 in the third groove P3 and the first groove P1 is relatively larger than the distance between the connecting portion P32 and the first groove P1 .

In some embodiments, after the step S4, the gate line electrode layer 17 can also be provided above the second electrode layer 16, and then the step S5 will change into etching the gate line electrode layer 17, the second electrode layer 17, and the second electrode layer along the first direction X. The layer 16, the second charge transport layer 15, the light absorbing layer 14 and the first charge transport layer 13 are cut off by a third groove P3.

Wherein, the grid line electrode layer 17 can be prepared by techniques such as screen printing, vacuum sputtering or vacuum evaporation.

After etching the third groove P3, edge cleaning, testing, lamination and packaging can be performed to obtain a thin film solar cell module.

According to some embodiments of the present application, the embodiment of the present application further provides an electric device, including the thin film solar cell assembly in the foregoing embodiments, and the thin film solar cell assembly is used to provide electric energy for the electric device.

The electrical device can be wearable devices such as solar backpacks, hats, helmets, clothing, etc., and can also be space vehicles, near-Earth vehicles, field photovoltaic power plants, etc. The thin-film solar cell module provided by the embodiment of the application can also be applied to building roofs, External walls, tents, etc., have strong shape adaptability, easy installation and layout, and can be made into light-transmitting or partially light-transmitting according to needs, which can not only realize photoelectric conversion, but also have a good heat insulation effect.

According to some embodiments of the present application, as shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 , the embodiment of the present application further provides a thin-film solar cell module, including a plurality of first grooves P1 and a plurality of first grooves P1 arranged equidistantly along the first direction X. The second notch P2 and the third notch P3. The plurality of first grooves P1 , second grooves P2 and third grooves P3 divide the thin-film solar cell module into a plurality of sub-cells 1 of the same width connected in series end to end. Each sub-cell 1 includes a substrate 11 , a first electrode layer 12 , a first charge transport layer 13 , a light absorbing layer 14 , a second charge transport layer 15 , a second electrode layer 16 and a grid line electrode layer 17 from bottom to top. The width of each sub-battery 1 may be 6 mm-10 mm, wherein the width of the sub-battery 1 is the dimension of the sub-battery 1 along the first direction X.

The first groove P1 penetrates the first electrode layer 12 along the stacking direction Y, and the first groove P1 is filled by the first charge transport layer 13 . The second groove P2 runs through the second charge transport layer 15, the light absorbing layer 14, and the first charge transport layer 13 along the stacking direction Y, and the second groove P2 is filled by the second electrode layer 16; the second groove P2 includes A plurality of sub-grooves P21 arranged at intervals in the two directions Z. The third groove P3 runs through the gate line electrode layer 17, the second electrode layer 16, the second charge transport layer 15, the light absorbing layer 14 and the first charge transport layer 13 along the lamination direction Y, and the third groove P3 includes A plurality of semi-enclosed areas P31 and connecting parts P32 arranged at intervals in the direction Z, each semi-enclosed area P31 is connected to a connecting part P32 along both sides of the second direction Z, and each semi-enclosed area P31 at least partially surrounds a sub-section Groove P21, the first notch P1 is disposed toward the opening of the semi-enclosed area P31.

Those skilled in the art will understand that although some embodiments herein include certain features included in other embodiments but not others, combinations of features from different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the application and form different examples. For example, in the claims, any one of the claimed embodiments can be used in any combination.

As mentioned above, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and are not intended to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: it can still understand the foregoing The technical solutions described in each embodiment are modified, or some of the technical features are equivalently replaced; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the application.

Claims (11)

1. A thin-film solar cell assembly, comprising a plurality of sub-cells, characterized in that the sub-cells include a substrate, a first electrode layer, a first charge transport layer, a light absorption layer, a second charge transport layer and a second electrode stacked in sequence layer; the thin film solar cell assembly is provided with a plurality of first notches, a plurality of second notches and a plurality of third notches at intervals along the first direction, the plurality of first notches, the plurality of first notches The second groove and the plurality of third grooves divide the thin-film solar cell module into several sub-cells connected in series;

   The first groove runs through the first electrode layer along the stacking direction, and the first groove is filled by the first charge transport layer;

   The second groove runs through the second charge transport layer, the light absorbing layer, and the first charge transport layer along the stacking direction, and the second groove is filled by the second electrode layer; The second groove includes a plurality of sub-grooves arranged at intervals along the second direction, the first direction, the stacking direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other;

   The third groove runs through the second electrode layer, the second charge transport layer, the light absorbing layer, and the first charge transport layer along the stacking direction, and the third groove includes A plurality of semi-enclosed areas and connecting parts arranged at intervals in the second direction, each of the semi-enclosed areas is connected to one of the connecting parts on both sides of the second direction, and each of the semi-enclosed areas is at least partially Surrounding one of the sub-grooves, the first notch is arranged toward the opening of the semi-enclosed area.
2. The thin-film solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein a projection of the connecting portion along the stacking direction at least partially falls into the first groove.
3. The thin film solar cell module according to claim 1, further comprising:

   a gate line electrode layer, disposed above the second electrode layer, the gate line electrode layer is connected to the second groove through the second electrode layer, and the resistivity of the gate line electrode layer is lower than the the resistivity of the second electrode layer;

   The third groove also runs through the gate line electrode layer.
4. The thin film solar cell module according to claim 3, wherein the grid line electrode layer comprises:

   a main grid line, one end of the main grid line is connected to the sub-groove through the second electrode layer;

   The sub-gate line is connected to the main gate line, and the sub-gate line is used to transmit the collected current to the main gate line.
5. The thin-film solar cell module according to claim 4, wherein the number of the main grid lines is greater than or equal to the number of the sub-grooves, and each of the sub-grooves is connected to at least one main grid Wire.
6. The thin-film solar cell module according to claim 4 or 5, wherein there are multiple sub-grid lines, and a plurality of sub-grid lines are connected to each main grid line at intervals.
7. The thin film solar cell module according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the shape of the sub-groove is at least one of a cylinder and a prism.
8. The thin film solar cell module according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the distance between the first groove and the third groove in the first direction is 0 μm˜200 μm.
9. The thin film solar cell module according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, a plurality of the first notches, a plurality of the second notches and a plurality of the third notches are in the Evenly distributed in the first direction.
10. A method for manufacturing a thin-film solar cell module, comprising:

    A base is provided, and a first electrode layer is stacked on the base, and a plurality of first grooves are etched at intervals along a first direction on the first electrode layer, and the first grooves penetrate through the first groove along the stacking direction. an electrode layer;

    sequentially depositing a first charge transport layer, a light absorbing layer and a second charge transport layer on the first electrode layer, and filling the first charge transport layer in the first groove;

    Etching at intervals along the first direction a plurality of second grooves that cut off the second charge transport layer, the light absorbing layer and the first charge transport layer, the second grooves include a plurality of sub-grooves arranged at intervals in directions, the first direction, the stacking direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other;

    depositing a second electrode layer on the second charge transport layer, and filling the second electrode layer in the second groove;

    Etching third grooves separating the second electrode layer, the second charge transport layer, the light absorbing layer and the first charge transport layer at intervals along the first direction, the third grooves The groove includes a plurality of semi-closed areas and connecting parts arranged at intervals along the second direction, each of the semi-closed areas is connected to one of the connecting parts on both sides along the second direction, each of the semi-closed areas The closed area at least partially surrounds one of the sub-grooves, the first groove is disposed toward the opening of the semi-closed area, the plurality of first grooves, the plurality of second grooves and the third The grooves divide the thin-film solar cell assembly into several sub-cells connected in series.
11. An electrical device, characterized in that it comprises the thin-film solar cell assembly according to any one of claims 1-9, and the thin-film solar cell assembly is used to provide electric energy.

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