WO2023151209A1 - Module de cellule solaire en couches minces, procédé de fabrication associé et dispositif électrique - Google Patents

Module de cellule solaire en couches minces, procédé de fabrication associé et dispositif électrique Download PDF

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WO2023151209A1
WO2023151209A1 PCT/CN2022/099100 CN2022099100W WO2023151209A1 WO 2023151209 A1 WO2023151209 A1 WO 2023151209A1 CN 2022099100 W CN2022099100 W CN 2022099100W WO 2023151209 A1 WO2023151209 A1 WO 2023151209A1
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groove
electrode layer
sub
solar cell
film solar
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PCT/CN2022/099100
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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郭文明
涂保
陈长松
梁伟风
陈国栋
郭永胜
欧阳楚英
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宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023151209A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023151209A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
    • H10K30/30—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising bulk heterojunctions, e.g. interpenetrating networks of donor and acceptor material domains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
    • H10K30/80—Constructional details
    • H10K30/81—Electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic radiation-sensitive element covered by group H10K30/00
    • H10K39/10—Organic photovoltaic [PV] modules; Arrays of single organic PV cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to a thin-film solar cell module, a manufacturing method thereof, and an electrical device.
  • Thin-film solar cells are photoelectric devices that use sunlight to generate electricity directly. They have the advantages of small mass, thin thickness, bendability, and low cost of raw materials.
  • solar thin-film batteries have developed rapidly, accounting for an increasing proportion in the field of photovoltaic power generation.
  • the solar thin-film battery materials that have been industrialized mainly include thin-film batteries such as cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium selenide, amorphous silicon, gallium arsenide, and perovskite.
  • perovskite solar thin film cells are a new type of battery with great potential to replace the dominance of silicon-based solar cells.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a thin-film solar cell module, its manufacturing method, and electrical device, which can reduce the distance between the first notch and the third notch, and effectively reduce the distance between the first notch and the third notch.
  • the dead area between the three grooves improves the output efficiency of the whole thin film solar cell module.
  • a thin-film solar cell assembly including a plurality of sub-cells.
  • the sub-battery includes a substrate, a first electrode layer, a first charge transport layer, a light absorption layer, a second charge transport layer and a second electrode layer stacked in sequence.
  • the thin-film solar cell assembly is provided with a plurality of first notches, a plurality of second notches and a plurality of third notches at intervals along the first direction.
  • the first groove penetrates the first electrode layer along the stacking direction, and the first groove is filled by the first charge transport layer.
  • the second groove runs through the second charge transport layer, the light absorbing layer and the first charge transport layer along the stacking direction, and the second groove is filled by the second electrode layer.
  • the second groove includes a plurality of sub-grooves arranged at intervals along the second direction, and the first direction, the stacking direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other.
  • the third groove runs through the second electrode layer, the second charge transport layer, the light absorbing layer and the first charge transport layer along the stacking direction, and the third groove includes a plurality of semi-closed regions and connecting parts arranged at intervals along the second direction, Both sides of each semi-enclosed area along the second direction are connected with a connecting portion, each semi-enclosed area at least partially surrounds a sub-groove, and the first notch is arranged toward the opening of the semi-enclosed area.
  • the distance between the first notch and the third notch can be reduced, effectively reducing the dead zone area between the first notch and the third notch, thereby increasing the effective power generation area and reducing the dead zone.
  • the current loss of the thin-film solar cell assembly caused by the area area improves the output efficiency of the entire thin-film solar cell assembly.
  • the projection of the connecting portion along the stacking direction at least partially falls into the first groove.
  • the distance between the connecting part and the first notch can be reduced, that is, the distance between the third notch and the first notch can be reduced, thereby effectively reducing the distance between the first notch and the third notch.
  • the dead zone area between the grooves increases the effective power generation area and improves the power of the thin film solar cell module.
  • the thin film solar cell module further includes a grid line electrode layer.
  • the grid line electrode layer is arranged on the top of the second electrode layer, the grid line electrode layer is connected with the second groove through the second electrode layer, the resistivity of the grid line electrode layer is smaller than the resistivity of the second electrode layer, and the third groove is also through the grid line electrode layer.
  • the setting of the grid line electrode layer can increase the transmission efficiency of the current and reduce the loss during current transmission, thereby improving the performance of the thin film solar cell.
  • the current output efficiency of the component since the resistivity of the grid line electrode layer is smaller than that of the second electrode layer, the setting of the grid line electrode layer can increase the transmission efficiency of the current and reduce the loss during current transmission, thereby improving the performance of the thin film solar cell.
  • the current output efficiency of the component since the resistivity of the grid line electrode layer is smaller than that of the second electrode layer, the setting of the grid line electrode layer can increase the transmission efficiency of the current and reduce the loss during current transmission, thereby improving the performance of the thin film solar cell.
  • the gate line electrode layer includes main gate lines and sub gate lines. One end of the main grid line is connected to the sub-groove through the second electrode layer.
  • the sub-gate line is connected to the main gate line, and the sub-gate line is used to transmit the collected current to the main gate line.
  • the sub-gate line can collect current, and transmit the collected current to the main gate line, so as to increase the transmission efficiency of the current.
  • One end of the busbar is connected to the sub-groove through the second electrode layer, so that the current of the busbar can be transmitted to the sub-groove through the second electrode layer, and then transmitted to the first electrode layer to realize the interconnection of adjacent sub-cells.
  • the number of busbars is greater than or equal to the number of sub-grooves, and each sub-groove is connected to at least one busbar.
  • each sub-groove is connected to at least one main grid line, each main grid line can collect current, and can transmit the collected current to the adjacent sub-groove, effectively reducing the transmission path of the current, The current loss is reduced, and the transmission efficiency of the current is increased.
  • a transmission medium can be provided for the current in various parts, reducing the probability of current transmission on the second electrode layer, thereby reducing the loss during current transmission and increasing the power of the thin film solar cell module.
  • the shape of the sub-groove is at least one of cylindrical and prismatic.
  • the distance between the first groove and the third groove in the first direction is 0 ⁇ m ⁇ 200 ⁇ m.
  • the distance value is greatly reduced, which can effectively reduce the dead area between the first notch and the third notch, thereby increasing the effective power generation area and improving the power generation of the thin film solar cell module.
  • the plurality of first notches, the plurality of second notches and the plurality of third notches are uniformly arranged in the first direction.
  • each sub-battery has the same size along the first direction, which facilitates the formation of sub-batteries with the same specification.
  • a method for manufacturing a thin-film solar cell module comprising the following steps:
  • a base is provided, a first electrode layer is stacked on the base, a plurality of first grooves are etched at intervals along a first direction on the first electrode layer, and the first grooves penetrate the first electrode layer along the stacking direction.
  • a first charge transport layer, a light absorption layer and a second charge transport layer are sequentially deposited on the first electrode layer, and the first charge transport layer is filled in the first groove.
  • a plurality of second grooves separating the second charge transport layer, the light absorption layer and the first charge transport layer are etched at intervals along the first direction, and the second grooves include a plurality of sub-grooves arranged at intervals along the second direction.
  • a second electrode layer is deposited on the second charge transport layer, and the second electrode layer is filled in the second groove.
  • the third grooves cutting off the second electrode layer, the second charge transport layer, the light absorbing layer and the first charge transport layer are etched at intervals along the first direction.
  • the third notch includes a plurality of semi-enclosed areas and connecting parts arranged at intervals along the second direction, each semi-enclosed area is connected with a connecting part on both sides along the second direction, and each semi-enclosed area at least partially surrounds One sub-groove, the first groove is arranged towards the opening of the semi-closed area.
  • an electrical device including the thin-film solar cell assembly in the first aspect, and the thin-film solar cell assembly is used to provide electric energy for the electrical device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a thin-film solar cell module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the first notch in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the first notch and the second notch in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the first notch, the second notch and the third notch in FIG. 1 .
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another thin-film solar cell module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a thin-film solar cell module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • orientation words appearing in the following description are all directions shown in the figure, and are not intended to limit the specific structure of the thin-film solar cell module of the present application.
  • the orientation or positional relationship indicated by “left”, “right”, etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must Having a particular orientation, being constructed and operating in a particular orientation, and therefore not to be construed as limiting the application.
  • multiple means more than two (including two), and similarly, “multiple groups” means more than two (including two).
  • connection or “connection” of mechanical structures It may refer to a physical connection, for example, a physical connection may be a fixed connection, such as a fixed connection through a fixture, such as a fixed connection through screws, bolts or other fasteners; a physical connection may also be a detachable connection, such as Mutual clamping or clamping connection; the physical connection may also be an integral connection, for example, welding, bonding or integrally formed connection for connection.
  • connection or “connection” of the circuit structure may not only refer to a physical connection, but also an electrical connection or a signal connection, for example, it may be a direct connection, that is, a physical connection, or an indirect connection through at least one intermediate component, As long as the circuit is connected, it can also be the internal connection of two components; besides the signal connection through the circuit, the signal connection can also refer to the signal connection through the media medium, for example, radio waves.
  • laser or mechanical scribing is often used to scribe to realize the division and interconnection of cells.
  • the process flow is as follows: deposit the bottom electrode on the substrate, perform the first scribing by laser or mechanical scribing, and complete the division of sub-cells. Then, deposit the functional thin film layer, and perform the second scribing by laser or mechanical scribing to complete the scribing of the series channel of the sub-cells. Finally, the top electrode film layer is deposited, and the third scribing is performed by laser or mechanical scribing to complete the division of the front electrode.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a thin-film solar cell module, through the special design of the second notch and the third notch, the distance between the first notch and the third notch can be reduced, and the first notch can be effectively reduced.
  • the dead zone area between the groove and the third groove increases the effective power generation area and improves the power of the thin film solar battery module.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a thin-film solar cell module provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of the first notch P1 in Figure 1
  • Figure 3 is the first notch P1 and the second notch in Figure 1
  • FIG. 4 is the structure diagram of the first notch P1, the second notch P2 and the third notch P3 in FIG. 1 .
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a thin film solar cell assembly, which includes a plurality of sub-cells 1 .
  • the sub-cell 1 includes a substrate 11 , a first electrode layer 12 , a first charge transport layer 13 , a light absorption layer 14 , a second charge transport layer 15 and a second electrode layer 16 stacked in sequence.
  • the thin film solar cell assembly is provided with a plurality of first grooves P1 , a plurality of second grooves P2 and a plurality of third grooves P3 at intervals along the first direction X.
  • the first groove P1 penetrates the first electrode layer 12 along the stacking direction Y, and the first groove P1 is filled by the first charge transport layer 13 .
  • the second groove P2 runs through the second charge transport layer 15 , the light absorbing layer 14 and the first charge transport layer 13 along the stacking direction Y, and the second groove P2 is filled by the second electrode layer 16 .
  • the second groove P2 includes a plurality of sub-grooves P21 arranged at intervals along the second direction Z, and the first direction X, the stacking direction Y and the second direction Z are perpendicular to each other.
  • the third groove P3 runs through the second electrode layer 16, the second charge transport layer 15, the light absorbing layer 14, and the first charge transport layer 13 along the stacking direction Y, and the third groove P3 includes multiple grooves arranged at intervals along the second direction Z.
  • a semi-enclosed area P31 and a connecting portion P32, each semi-enclosed area P31 is connected to a connecting portion P32 on both sides along the second direction Z, each semi-enclosed area P31 at least partially surrounds a sub-groove P21, the first quarter
  • the groove P1 is provided toward the opening of the semi-enclosed area P31.
  • the base 11 is also called a substrate or a substrate.
  • the material of the substrate 11 can be glass, tempered glass, quartz, carbon, silicon, organic flexible materials, and the like.
  • the substrate 11 can also be transparent conductive glass, stainless steel conductive flexible substrate, polyethylene terephthalate (polyethylene glycol terephthalate, PET) conductive flexible substrate, etc.
  • the first electrode layer 12 is also called a bottom electrode layer, a top electrode, a conductive layer, a transparent conductive oxide layer, a metal back reflection layer, and the like.
  • the material of the first electrode layer 12 can be transparent conductive oxide (transparent conductive oxide, TCO), indium doped tin oxide (indium doped tin oxide, ITO), fluorine doped tin oxide (fluorine doped tin oxide, FTO) and aluminum doped tin oxide.
  • Zinc aluminum doped zinc oxide, AZO
  • the first charge transport layer 13 , the light absorbing layer 14 and the second charge transport layer 15 are functional layers of the sub-cell 1 , wherein the first charge transport layer 13 and the second charge transport layer 15 are carrier transport layers.
  • the first charge transport layer 13 is also called a front charge transport layer or the like.
  • the second charge transport layer 15 is also called a rear charge transport layer or the like. If the battery is a reverse structure system, then the first charge transport layer 13 is a hole transport layer, and the second charge transport layer 15 is an electron transport layer.
  • the first charge transport layer 13 includes any material that can be used as a hole
  • the second charge transport layer 15 includes any organic or inorganic material that can be used as an electron transport layer.
  • the first charge transport layer 13 is an electron transport layer
  • the second charge transport layer 15 is a hole transport layer.
  • the first charge transport layer 13 includes any material that can be used as an electron transport layer.
  • the second charge transport layer 15 includes any organic or inorganic material that can be used as a hole transport layer.
  • the material of the electron transport layer can be zinc oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, carbon 60 (ie, C60) and fullerene derivatives (ie, PCBM), etc., holes
  • the material of the transmission layer can be nickel oxide, poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (Poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) )amine], PTAA), 3-hexylthiophene polymer (abbreviation, P3HT), 2,2',7,7'-tetra[N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9 , 9'-spirobifluorene (abbreviation, Sprio-OMeTAD) and so on.
  • the light absorbing layer 14 is also called a photosensitive layer. If the material of the light-absorbing layer 14 is perovskite, the light-absorbing layer 14 can also be called a perovskite layer or a perovskite light-absorbing layer, and the formed thin film solar cell module is called a perovskite solar cell module. Wherein, the material of the perovskite layer may be lead iodide methylamine, lead iodine formamidine, cesium lead iodine, and the like. Similarly, if the material of the light absorbing layer 14 is CIGS, the formed thin film solar cell module is called CIGS solar cell module. If the light absorbing layer 14 is made of cadmium telluride, the formed thin film solar cell assembly is called a cadmium telluride solar cell assembly.
  • the second electrode layer 16 is also called a top electrode layer, a back electrode layer, a metal electrode layer, a transparent conductive front electrode, and the like.
  • the material of the second electrode layer 16 is mainly a conductive oxide material, for example, ITO (indium tin oxide), AZO (azo), BZO (benzodiazepine), IZO (indium zinc oxide) and the like. It should be noted here that at least one of the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 16 may be a transparent conductive layer to ensure the light transmittance of the thin film solar cell module.
  • the first groove P1 is a scribe line carved through the first electrode layer 12 along the stacking direction Y
  • the second groove P2 is cut through the second charge transport layer 15, the light absorbing layer 14, and the first charge transport layer along the stacking direction Y.
  • the third groove P3 is a scribe line carved through the second electrode layer 16 , the second charge transport layer 15 , the light absorbing layer 14 and the first charge transport layer 13 along the stacking direction Y.
  • the substrate 11, the first electrode layer 12, the first charge transport layer 13, the light absorbing layer 14, the second charge transport layer 15 and the second electrode layer 16 are stacked from bottom to top, and the first The groove P1, the second groove P2 and the third groove P3 are all etched and scribed from top to bottom, so the stacking direction Y in the embodiment of the present application refers to the direction from top to bottom as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the processing method of the first groove P1, the second groove P2 and the third groove P3 may be laser marking or mechanical marking.
  • the first direction X is arranged at intervals, and the thin-film solar cell module is divided into a plurality of sub-cells 1 along the first direction X.
  • the first direction X may be the length direction or the width direction of the thin film solar cell module.
  • the first groove P1 is used to divide the first electrode layer 12 to form a plurality of sub-cells 1, and the first groove P1 is filled with the first charge transport layer 13, so that the first charge transport layer 13 passes through the first groove P1 and The substrate 11 is connected.
  • the second groove P2 is filled by the second electrode layer 16, and the second groove P2 connects the second electrode layer 16 of the adjacent previous sub-cell 1 with the first electrode layer 12 of the next sub-cell 1, realizing front-to-back The interconnection between adjacent sub-batteries 1 .
  • the third groove P3 divides the second electrode layer 16 of the adjacent sub-cell 1 to form a complete sub-cell structure.
  • the first groove P1 may be a square groove, a trapezoidal groove, a circular groove, etc. parallel to the second direction Z, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the second groove P2 is not continuous in the second direction Z, but is composed of a plurality of sub-grooves P21 arranged at intervals, and the plurality of sub-grooves P21 They may be equally spaced and evenly distributed along the second direction Z.
  • the third groove P3 includes a plurality of semi-closed regions P31 and connecting parts P32 arranged at intervals, and the number of semi-closed regions P31 can be compared with the number of sub-regions.
  • the number of grooves P21 is the same, and the plurality of semi-closed regions P31 may correspond to the plurality of sub-grooves P21 one-to-one.
  • the semi-enclosed area P31 has an opening, and each semi-enclosed area P31 can at least partially surround the corresponding sub-groove P21.
  • the connecting portion P32 can be a square groove, trapezoidal groove, circular groove, etc. parallel to the second direction Z or the first groove P1.
  • the third notch P3 shown in FIG. 4 is zigzag.
  • the second direction Z is the width direction of the thin film solar cell assembly; when the first direction X is the width direction of the thin film solar cell assembly, the second direction Z is The length direction of the thin film solar cell module.
  • the working principle of the thin-film solar cell assembly is: based on the photoelectric effect, sunlight is incident on the light-absorbing layer 14 from the first electrode layer 12 and/or the second electrode layer 16, and the light-absorbing layer 14 absorbs the sun. After the light is excited to generate electron-hole pairs, the electron transport layer in the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 16 extracts the electrons and transports the electrons to the first electrode layer 12, and the hole transport layer transports the holes to the second electrode layer 16.
  • the thin film solar cell is connected to a load, electrons are transported to the second electrode layer 16 through the load, and recombine with holes. If there is continuous sunlight incident, the thin-film solar cell module will provide a continuous and stable current for the load to drive the load to work.
  • whether sunlight enters the light absorbing layer 14 from the first electrode layer 12 or the second electrode layer 16 depends on the light transmittance of the materials of the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 16 . Assuming that both the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 16 are made of transparent materials, sunlight can enter the light absorbing layer 14 from the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 16 . If only the first electrode layer 12 is made of a transparent material, then sunlight only enters the light absorbing layer 14 from the first electrode layer 12 .
  • the second groove P2 is a plurality of sub-grooves P21 arranged at intervals along the second direction Z, the semi-closed area P31 of the third groove P3 at least partially surrounds one sub-groove P21, and the first groove P1 Set towards the opening of the semi-enclosed area P31, so that the distance between the first groove P1 and the third groove P3 can be reduced, effectively reducing the dead area between the first groove P1 and the third groove P3, Therefore, the effective power generation area is increased, the current loss of the thin-film solar cell assembly caused by the dead area is reduced, and the output efficiency of the entire thin-film solar cell assembly is improved.
  • the projection of the connecting portion P32 along the stacking direction Y at least partially falls into the first groove P1 .
  • the connecting portion P32 is connected to both sides of the opening of the semi-enclosed region P31 along the second direction Z, and the connecting portion P32 may be parallel to the first groove P1.
  • the connecting portion P32 may be disposed as close to the first notch P1 as possible.
  • the projection of the connecting portion P32 along the stacking direction Y may at least partially fall into the first groove P1.
  • the projection of the connecting portion P32 along the stacking direction Y coincides with the first groove P1 .
  • the projection of the connecting portion P32 along the stacking direction Y at least partially falls into the first notch P1, which can reduce the distance between the connecting portion P32 and the first notch P1, that is, the third notch is reduced.
  • the distance between the groove P3 and the first groove P1 can effectively reduce the dead area between the first groove P1 and the third groove P3, increase the effective power generation area, and increase the power of the thin film solar cell module.
  • the distance between the first groove P1 and the third groove P3 in the first direction X is 0 ⁇ m ⁇ 200 ⁇ m.
  • the third groove P3 includes a plurality of semi-closed regions P31 and connecting parts P32 arranged at intervals along the second direction Z, the semi-closed regions P31 at least partially surround the sub-grooves P21, and each semi-closed region P31 along the Both sides of the second direction Z are connected with a connecting portion P32 , it can be seen that the distances between different parts of the third notch P3 and the first notch P1 are different.
  • the distance between the connecting portion P32 and the first notch P1 in the third notch P3 is the smallest, and the distance between the semi-closed area P31 and the first notch P1 is relatively large.
  • the distance between the first notch P1 and the third notch P3 in the first direction X is the smallest, and the minimum distance may be equal to zero.
  • the distance between the first groove P1 and the third groove P3 in the first direction X is 0 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, compared with the distance between the first groove P1 and the third groove P3 in the first direction X
  • the spacing on the X is 300 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, which greatly reduces the spacing value, which can effectively reduce the dead zone area between the first groove P1 and the third groove P3, thereby increasing the effective power generation area and improving the power generation of thin-film solar cell modules power.
  • the thin film solar cell module may further include a grid line electrode layer 17 .
  • the gate line electrode layer 17 is arranged above the second electrode layer 16, the gate line electrode layer 17 is connected to the second groove P2 through the second electrode layer 16, and the resistivity of the gate line electrode layer 17 is smaller than the resistance of the second electrode layer 16.
  • the third groove P3 also penetrates through the gate line electrode layer 17 .
  • the resistivity of the grid electrode layer 17 is lower than that of the second electrode layer 16, and the grid electrode layer 17 is arranged on the second electrode layer 16 to increase the transmission efficiency of current.
  • the gate line electrode layer 17 may partially cover the second electrode layer 16 instead of completely covering the second electrode layer 16, so that the second electrode layer 16 can be ensured to have sufficient light transmittance while increasing the current transmission efficiency.
  • the gate line electrode layer 17 is disposed above the second electrode layer 16, and the third groove P3 can be carved after the gate line electrode layer 17 is laid, so that the third groove P3 penetrates the gate line electrode layer 17 along the lamination direction Y. , the second electrode layer 16 , the second charge transport layer 15 , the light absorbing layer 14 and the first charge transport layer 13 , so that the thin film solar cell assembly is divided into a plurality of sub-cells 1 along the first direction X.
  • the second groove P2 is filled by the second electrode layer 16, the grid line electrode layer 17 can be connected with the second groove P2 through the second electrode layer 16, and the current collected by the grid line electrode layer 17 can pass through the second electrode layer 16, The second groove P2 flows to the first electrode layer 12 .
  • the gate line electrode layer 17 is arranged above the second electrode layer 16. Since the resistivity of the gate line electrode layer 17 is smaller than the resistivity of the second electrode layer 16, the setting of the gate line electrode layer 17 can be increased. The current transmission efficiency reduces the loss during current transmission, thereby improving the current output efficiency of the thin film solar cell module.
  • the gate line electrode layer 17 may include main gate lines 171 and sub gate lines 172 .
  • One end of the main gate line 171 is connected to the sub-groove P21 through the second electrode layer 16 .
  • the sub-gate line 172 is connected to the main gate line 171 , and the sub-gate line 172 is used to transmit the collected current to the main gate line 171 .
  • the main grid line 171 and the sub-grid line 172 are made of metal materials.
  • the materials of the main grid line 171 and the sub-grid line 172 include but are not limited to any of gold, silver, copper, aluminum, nickel, zinc, tin, iron, etc. One and its combination or alloy.
  • the main grid lines 171 and the sub grid lines 172 can be integrally formed by screen printing, vacuum sputtering or vacuum evaporation techniques, and the industrial preparation techniques are diversified.
  • the thickness of the main gate line 171 and the sub gate line 172 may be 20nm ⁇ 200nm.
  • the width of the main gate line 171 may be 20 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m, and the width of the sub gate line 172 may be 10 ⁇ m ⁇ 20 ⁇ m.
  • the busbar 171 may be arranged parallel to the first direction X, or may have a non-zero angle with the first direction X, for example, the angle may be 60°, 85°, 90°, etc.
  • the sub-gate line 172 is connected to the main gate line 171 , the end of the sub-gate line 172 may be connected to the main gate line 171 , or the part of the sub-gate line 172 except the end may be connected to the main gate line 171 .
  • the sub-gate line 172 is connected to the main gate line 171, not only the current can be collected through the main gate line 171, the sub-gate line 172 can also collect current, and the collected current can be transmitted to the main gate line 171, so as to increase current transfer efficiency.
  • One end of the main gate line 171 is connected to the sub-groove P21 through the second electrode layer 16, so that the current of the main gate line 171 can be transmitted to the sub-groove P21 through the second electrode layer 16, and then transmitted to the first electrode layer 12, realizing The interconnection of adjacent sub-batteries 1.
  • the number of main gate lines 171 may be greater than or equal to the number of sub-grooves P21 , and each sub-groove P21 is connected to at least one main gate line 171 .
  • Each sub-groove P21 may be connected to at least one main gate line 171 through the second electrode layer 16 .
  • the number of main gate lines 171 connected to different sub-grooves P21 may be the same, or of course may be different. For example, if a certain second groove P2 includes 4 sub-grooves P21 along the second direction Z, then the first sub-groove P21 can be connected with a main gate line 171, and the second and third sub-grooves P21 can be respectively Two main gate lines 171 are connected, and the fourth sub-groove P21 may be connected with four main gate lines 171 .
  • This example does not constitute a limitation to the solution of this application.
  • each sub-groove P21 is connected to at least one main grid line 171, each main grid line 171 can collect current, and can transmit the collected current to the adjacent sub-groove P21, effectively reducing the The transmission path of the current reduces the current loss and increases the transmission efficiency of the current.
  • each main gate line 171 is connected with a plurality of sub-gate lines 172 at intervals.
  • the distances between multiple sub-gate lines 172 connected to each main gate line 171 may be the same or different, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • Various parts on the second electrode layer 16 may generate current, and connecting a plurality of sub-grid lines 172 to the main grid line 171 at intervals can provide a transmission medium for the current of each part, reducing the transmission of current on the second electrode layer 16 chance, thereby reducing the loss during current transmission and increasing the power of thin-film solar cell modules.
  • the shape of the sub-groove P21 may be at least one of a cylindrical shape and a prismatic shape.
  • the plurality of sub-grooves P21 may be independently spaced cylindrical grooves, prismatic grooves, or the like.
  • the shapes of the plurality of sub-grooves P21 included in the second groove P2 along the second direction Z may be the same or different, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • Multiple spaced sub-groove P21 interconnection regions can be obtained by reducing the laser pulse repetition frequency and increasing the etching speed of the process, which increases the tact of the process.
  • the shape of the sub-grooves P21 is not limited to a specific shape, and while ensuring the interconnection of the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 16, the flexibility and diversity of setting the sub-grooves P21 are improved.
  • the plurality of first notches P1 , the plurality of second notches P2 and the plurality of third notches P3 are uniformly arranged in the first direction X.
  • the plurality of first grooves P1, the plurality of second grooves P2 and the plurality of third grooves P3 can not only be arranged at intervals along the first direction X, but also can be arranged along the first direction X Evenly spaced.
  • the distance between adjacent first grooves P1 along the first direction X is the same, the distance between adjacent second grooves P2 along the first direction X is the same, and the distance between adjacent third grooves P3 along the first direction X is the same. same. In this way, the size of each sub-battery 1 along the first direction X is the same, which facilitates the formation of sub-batteries 1 with the same specifications.
  • a plurality of first grooves P1, a plurality of second grooves P2 and a plurality of third grooves P3 may be parallel to the second direction Z, so that , it is convenient to form a regular sub-battery 1 and reduce the probability of abnormal shape of the sub-battery 1 .
  • the sub-battery 1 may further include a packaging material layer and a cover glass.
  • the cover glass is disposed above the packaging material layer.
  • the encapsulation material layer can be arranged above the second electrode layer 16; when the thin film solar cell assembly is also provided with the grid line electrode layer 17, the encapsulation material layer can be arranged on the grid line above the electrode layer 17.
  • the packaging material layer can seal the sub-battery 1 and the cover glass, provide sufficient support for the sub-battery 1, block the entry of external water vapor and air, prevent the sub-battery 1 from being oxidized and hydrolyzed, and increase the operational reliability and mechanical strength of the sub-battery 1. performance.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a method for manufacturing a thin-film solar cell module, the method includes the following steps:
  • S1 Provide the substrate 11, stack the first electrode layer 12 on the substrate 11, etch a plurality of first grooves P1 at intervals along the first direction X on the first electrode layer 12, and the first grooves P1 are along the stacking direction Y penetrating through the first electrode layer 12 .
  • the preparation method of the first electrode layer 12 may be evaporation or magnetron sputtering or CVD (chemical vapor deposition) or ALD (atomic layer deposition).
  • a line can be drawn every 6 mm-10 mm from one side of the first electrode layer 12, and the width of the line can be 10 ⁇ m-80 ⁇ m.
  • the first electrode A first groove P1 with a width of 10 ⁇ m-80 ⁇ m can be formed on the layer 12 every 6 mm-10 mm.
  • the preparation method of the first charge transport layer 13 and the second charge transport layer 15 may be vacuum sputtering, reactive plasma sputtering, vacuum thermal evaporation or wet coating, and the like.
  • the preparation method of the light absorbing layer 14 may be wet coating.
  • first direction X, the stacking direction Y and the second direction Z are perpendicular to each other.
  • the second groove P2 is an interconnection area between the second electrode layer 16 of the previous sub-cell 1 and the first electrode layer 12 of the next sub-cell 1 .
  • a sub-groove can be etched every 1 mm to 20 mm from one side of the second charge transport layer 15, the light absorption layer 14 and the first charge transport layer 13 along the second direction Z.
  • P21 , and the distance between each sub-groove P21 and the first groove P1 in the first direction X may be 10 ⁇ m ⁇ 80 ⁇ m.
  • the distance between adjacent sub-grooves P21 along the second direction Z may be 1 mm ⁇ 20 mm, and the distance between the second groove P2 and the first groove P1 along the first direction X may be 10 ⁇ m ⁇ 80 ⁇ m.
  • the second groove P2 can be formed by laser scribing or mechanical scribing.
  • S4 Deposit the second electrode layer 16 on the second charge transport layer 15, and make the second electrode layer 16 fill the second groove P2.
  • the preparation method of the second electrode layer 16 may be vacuum sputtering, reactive plasma sputtering, atomic layer deposition and the like.
  • the third notch P3 includes a plurality of semi-closed areas P31 and connecting parts P32 arranged at intervals along the second direction Z, each semi-closed area P31 is connected to a connecting part P32 on both sides along the second direction Z, each Each semi-enclosed area P31 at least partially surrounds one sub-groove P21, and the first notch P1 is disposed toward the opening of the semi-enclosed area P31.
  • the third groove P3 should closely surround the second groove P2 to divide the sub-battery 1.
  • the groove width of the third groove P3 can be 30 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the third groove P3 and the first groove P1 are in the first direction X
  • the distance above can be 0 ⁇ m ⁇ 200 ⁇ m, wherein the distance between the semi-closed region P31 in the third groove P3 and the first groove P1 is relatively larger than the distance between the connecting portion P32 and the first groove P1 .
  • the gate line electrode layer 17 can also be provided above the second electrode layer 16, and then the step S5 will change into etching the gate line electrode layer 17, the second electrode layer 17, and the second electrode layer along the first direction X.
  • the layer 16, the second charge transport layer 15, the light absorbing layer 14 and the first charge transport layer 13 are cut off by a third groove P3.
  • the grid line electrode layer 17 can be prepared by techniques such as screen printing, vacuum sputtering or vacuum evaporation.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides an electric device, including the thin film solar cell assembly in the foregoing embodiments, and the thin film solar cell assembly is used to provide electric energy for the electric device.
  • the electrical device can be wearable devices such as solar backpacks, hats, helmets, clothing, etc., and can also be space vehicles, near-Earth vehicles, field photovoltaic power plants, etc.
  • the thin-film solar cell module provided by the embodiment of the application can also be applied to building roofs, External walls, tents, etc., have strong shape adaptability, easy installation and layout, and can be made into light-transmitting or partially light-transmitting according to needs, which can not only realize photoelectric conversion, but also have a good heat insulation effect.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a thin-film solar cell module, including a plurality of first grooves P1 and a plurality of first grooves P1 arranged equidistantly along the first direction X.
  • the plurality of first grooves P1 , second grooves P2 and third grooves P3 divide the thin-film solar cell module into a plurality of sub-cells 1 of the same width connected in series end to end.
  • Each sub-cell 1 includes a substrate 11 , a first electrode layer 12 , a first charge transport layer 13 , a light absorbing layer 14 , a second charge transport layer 15 , a second electrode layer 16 and a grid line electrode layer 17 from bottom to top.
  • the width of each sub-battery 1 may be 6 mm-10 mm, wherein the width of the sub-battery 1 is the dimension of the sub-battery 1 along the first direction X.
  • the first groove P1 penetrates the first electrode layer 12 along the stacking direction Y, and the first groove P1 is filled by the first charge transport layer 13 .
  • the second groove P2 runs through the second charge transport layer 15, the light absorbing layer 14, and the first charge transport layer 13 along the stacking direction Y, and the second groove P2 is filled by the second electrode layer 16; the second groove P2 includes A plurality of sub-grooves P21 arranged at intervals in the two directions Z.
  • the third groove P3 runs through the gate line electrode layer 17, the second electrode layer 16, the second charge transport layer 15, the light absorbing layer 14 and the first charge transport layer 13 along the lamination direction Y, and the third groove P3 includes A plurality of semi-enclosed areas P31 and connecting parts P32 arranged at intervals in the direction Z, each semi-enclosed area P31 is connected to a connecting part P32 along both sides of the second direction Z, and each semi-enclosed area P31 at least partially surrounds a sub-section Groove P21, the first notch P1 is disposed toward the opening of the semi-enclosed area P31.

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Abstract

Des modes de réalisation de la présente demande se rapportent au domaine technique des cellules solaires, et concernent un module de cellule solaire en couches minces, un procédé de fabrication associé et un dispositif électrique. Le module de cellule solaire en couches minces est pourvu d'une pluralité de premières rainures d'encoche, d'une pluralité de deuxièmes rainures d'encoche et d'une pluralité de troisièmes rainures d'encoche à des intervalles dans une première direction. Chaque deuxième rainure d'encoche comprend une pluralité de sous-rainures d'encoche agencées à des intervalles dans une seconde direction ; chaque troisième rainure d'encoche comprend une pluralité de zones semi-fermées et de parties de liaison qui sont agencées à des intervalles dans la seconde direction ; une partie de liaison est reliée à chacun des deux côtés de chaque zone semi-fermée dans la seconde direction ; chaque zone semi-fermée entoure au moins partiellement une sous-rainure d'encoche ; et chaque première rainure d'encoche est agencée vers l'ouverture de chaque zone semi-fermée. Selon la présente demande, une distance entre chaque première rainure d'encoche et chaque troisième rainure d'encoche peut être réduite, et la zone d'angle mort entre la première rainure d'encoche et la troisième rainure d'encoche est efficacement réduite, de sorte que la zone de génération d'énergie efficace soit augmentée et que la perte de courant du module de cellule solaire en couches minces provoquée par la zone d'angle mort soit réduite, améliorant ainsi l'efficacité de sortie de l'ensemble du module de cellule solaire en couches minces.
PCT/CN2022/099100 2022-02-08 2022-06-16 Module de cellule solaire en couches minces, procédé de fabrication associé et dispositif électrique WO2023151209A1 (fr)

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