WO2023151178A1 - B型液货舱的绝热系统及b型液货舱 - Google Patents

B型液货舱的绝热系统及b型液货舱 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023151178A1
WO2023151178A1 PCT/CN2022/086421 CN2022086421W WO2023151178A1 WO 2023151178 A1 WO2023151178 A1 WO 2023151178A1 CN 2022086421 W CN2022086421 W CN 2022086421W WO 2023151178 A1 WO2023151178 A1 WO 2023151178A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cargo tank
liquid cargo
thermal insulation
inner layer
base plate
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PCT/CN2022/086421
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈兵
胡可一
柳一点
周清华
王冰
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江南造船(集团)有限责任公司
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Publication of WO2023151178A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023151178A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of liquefied gas ships, in particular to a type B liquid cargo tank thermal insulation system and the B type liquid cargo tank.
  • the liquefied gas carrier is a special ship used to transport low-temperature liquid cargo such as liquefied petroleum gas and liquefied natural gas.
  • the liquid cargo is loaded in the liquid cargo tank of the liquefied gas carrier.
  • the liquid cargo tank is divided into three types: A type, B type and C type.
  • the A type liquid cargo tank is mainly a flat plate structure, which has a complete secondary shielding;
  • the B type liquid cargo tank is a flat plate
  • the structure is either a spherical tank structure, which has a partial secondary shielding;
  • a type C tank is a spherical tank structure, which does not require a secondary shielding.
  • the temperature of the liquid cargo in the liquid cargo tank is low, and the outside temperature is much higher than the temperature of the liquid cargo. It is necessary to install an insulation system for the liquid cargo tank to achieve heat preservation and prevent external heat from entering the cargo tank, and to reduce the temperature of the liquid cargo in the cargo tank. of evaporation. Due to the different structural characteristics and performance requirements of the three types of liquid cargo tanks, the corresponding thermal insulation systems of the three types of liquid cargo tanks are also different.
  • Type B liquid cargo tanks For Type B liquid cargo tanks, its structure is relatively complicated, and it needs to be connected with the hull through many supporting structures, which may include top anti-rolling supports, bottom anti-rolling supports, The structure of these supporting structures is relatively complicated, and the installation space on the liquid cargo tank is very narrow.
  • the construction at the supporting structure is very difficult. , so that no regular thermal insulation system will be provided at the supporting structure, so that the thermal insulation effect of the existing thermal insulation system of the Type B liquid cargo tank is relatively poor.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a type B liquid cargo tank thermal insulation system, which is less difficult to construct, and can provide thermal insulation protection for the support structure setting area on the outer wall of the liquid cargo tank, and effectively improve the thermal insulation effect of the thermal insulation system.
  • Another object is to provide a Type B liquid cargo tank, which adopts the above-mentioned thermal insulation system of the Type B liquid cargo tank.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a heat insulation system for a B-type liquid cargo tank.
  • the liquid cargo tank is located in the hull, and several support structures are separately arranged on the outer wall of the liquid cargo tank.
  • a plurality of ribs, the base plate is separated from the outer wall of the cargo tank by a preset distance, the ribs are fixed on the outer wall of the cargo tank, and correspond to the frame structure inside the cargo tank;
  • the above-mentioned thermal insulation system includes:
  • the heat-insulating inner layer is configured as a prefabricated panel and is confined between the outer wall of the cargo tank and the base plate; the inner heat-insulating layer has a top and a bottom, and the top is attached to the outer wall of the liquid cargo tank and is provided with several concave cavities, and all the concave cavities are connected to each other. Connected and jointly form a free and unimpeded channel, the bottom is located on the side of the thermal insulation inner layer close to the base plate, and is provided with multiple grooves for nesting ribs;
  • the insulating outer layer at least partially covers the insulating inner layer and the substrate.
  • the above-mentioned thermal insulation outer layer includes:
  • the panel layer is located between the thermal insulation inner layer and the substrate, and fills the gap reserved between the thermal insulation inner layer and the substrate;
  • the corner layer is connected with the panel layer and covers the lower surface of the substrate.
  • the thickness of the thermal insulation inner layer is less than or equal to half of the distance between the base plate and the outer wall of the cargo tank.
  • the thickness of the thermal insulation inner layer is equal to the distance between the base plate and the outer wall of the cargo tank.
  • a shroud is provided on the lower surface of the substrate, and the thickness of the heat insulating outer layer at the base plate beyond the shroud is 10-30 mm.
  • the coaming plate defines an annular space, and a thermal insulation pad is arranged in the annular space, and the thermal insulation pad is in contact with the inner wall of the hull; the thermal insulation outer layer is in contact with the thermal insulation pad.
  • the distance between the bottom of the concave cavity and the outer wall of the cargo tank is 10-25mm.
  • a detector for detecting a corresponding or target gas is arranged in the concave cavity.
  • the non-supporting structure arrangement area in the outer wall of the liquid cargo tank is provided with a heat insulating plate, and the heat insulating plate is fixed on the outer wall of the liquid cargo tank by bolts.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a type B liquid cargo tank, which includes the thermal insulation system of the type B liquid cargo tank in the above embodiment.
  • the supporting structure includes a base plate and a plurality of ribs arranged on the base plate.
  • An insulating inner layer is arranged between the outer wall of the cargo tank and the base plate.
  • the cavities are connected with each other and can provide a free and unimpeded passage for the liquid cargo leaked from the cargo tank.
  • the bottom of the heat insulating inner layer is provided with a plurality of grooves for nesting ribs, and the ribs are nested in the inner heat insulating layer. In the groove, the thermal insulation protection of the support structure and the cargo tank can be realized.
  • the heat insulation system provided by the application is less difficult to construct, and can provide heat insulation protection for the area where the support structure is arranged on the outer wall of the liquid cargo tank, effectively improving the heat insulation effect of the heat insulation system.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an insulation system for a type B liquid cargo tank according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal insulation system of a type B liquid cargo tank according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an insulating inner layer according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a top view of an insulating inner layer according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a top view of an insulating inner layer according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a top view of an insulating inner layer according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a top view of an insulating inner layer according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a top view of an insulating inner layer according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a top view of an insulating inner layer according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is a top view of an insulating inner layer according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a top view of a thermal insulation inner layer according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components.
  • a liquefied gas carrier is a special ship used to transport low-temperature liquid cargo such as liquefied petroleum gas and liquefied natural gas. It includes a hull and a liquid cargo tank located in the hull, wherein the liquid cargo tank is used to load liquid cargo.
  • the liquid cargo tank is a Type B liquid cargo tank
  • several supporting structures are provided on the outer wall of the liquid cargo tank. , vertical support and combined support.
  • Each supporting structure includes a base plate and a plurality of ribs, the base plate is separated from the outer wall of the liquid cargo tank by a predetermined distance, and the ribs are arranged on the surface of the base plate facing the outer wall of the liquid cargo tank and fixed on the outer wall of the liquid cargo tank.
  • the ribs correspond to the frame structure inside the cargo tank.
  • the inventors filled the thermal insulation inner layer between the liquid cargo tank and the base plate.
  • the bottom of the thermal insulation inner layer is provided with a plurality of grooves for nesting ribs, and the ribs are nested in the inner thermal insulation layer. In the groove, the heat insulation protection of the support structure and the liquid cargo tank can be realized, which reduces the construction difficulty, and can provide heat insulation protection for the support structure setting area on the outer wall of the liquid cargo tank, and improves the heat insulation effect of the heat insulation system.
  • a type B cargo tank insulation system is provided.
  • the liquid cargo tank 100 is located in the hull 400, and several support structures 200 are separately arranged on the outer wall of the liquid cargo tank 100.
  • Each support structure 200 includes a base plate 210 and a plurality of ribs 220 arranged on the upper surface of the base plate 210.
  • the base plate 210 and The outer walls of the liquid cargo tank 100 are separated by a predetermined distance, and the ribs 220 are fixed on the outer walls of the liquid cargo tank 100 and correspond to the frame structure 110 inside the liquid cargo tank 100 .
  • the insulation system 300 includes an insulating inner layer 310 and an insulating outer layer 320 .
  • the insulating inner layer 310 is configured as a prefabricated panel, preferably made of rigid polyurethane or polystyrene material; the insulating inner layer 310 is confined between the outer wall of the cargo tank 100 and the base plate 210 .
  • the heat-insulating inner layer 310 has a top and a bottom. The top refers to the side of the heat-insulating inner layer 310 facing the liquid cargo tank 100. The bottom refers to the side of the heat-insulating inner layer 310 facing the base plate 210.
  • all the concave cavities 311 in the heat-insulating inner layer 310 communicate with each other and jointly form a free and unimpeded passage, which can prevent the leakage of the liquid cargo tank 100 when the liquid cargo tank 100 leaks slightly.
  • the liquid cargo is discharged into the collection container at the bottom of the hull 400 ; the bottom is located on the side of the thermal insulation inner layer 310 close to the base plate 210 , and is provided with a plurality of grooves 312 for nesting ribs 220 .
  • the heat insulating outer layer 320 at least partially covers the heat insulating inner layer 310 and the substrate 210 .
  • a heat-insulating inner layer 310 is provided between the outer wall surface of the liquid cargo tank 100 and the base plate 210, and the top of the heat-insulating inner layer 310 is attached to the outer wall surface of the liquid cargo tank 100, and several concave cavities 311 are arranged.
  • the above-mentioned concave cavities 311 can be liquid
  • the liquid cargo leaked from the cargo tank 100 provides a free and unimpeded passage to avoid blocking when the liquid cargo tank 100 leaks slightly;
  • the bottom of the heat-insulating inner layer 310 is provided with a plurality of grooves 312 for nesting the ribs 220, and the ribs
  • the plate 220 is nested in the groove 312 in the thermal insulation inner layer 310 , so as to realize the thermal insulation protection of the support structure 200 and the liquid cargo tank 100 .
  • Each rib 220 is corresponding to a groove 312 , and the shape of the groove 312 matches the shape of the corresponding rib 220 , so that the heat insulation system 300 can be applied to support structures 200 of different types or structures.
  • the adiabatic system 300 is less difficult to construct, and can provide adiabatic protection for the area where the support structure is arranged on the outer wall of the liquid cargo tank 100 , effectively improving the adiabatic effect of the adiab
  • the insulating outer layer 320 includes a panel layer 321 and a corner layer 322 .
  • the panel layer 321 is located between the heat insulating inner layer 310 and the base plate 210 , and fills the gap reserved between the heat insulating inner layer 310 and the base plate 210 to restrict the heat insulating inner layer 310 from moving toward the liquid cargo tank 100 or toward the base plate 210 .
  • the corner layer 322 is connected to the panel layer 321 and covers the lower surface of the substrate 210 .
  • both the panel layer 321 and the corner layer 322 are foamed layers formed of foamed polyurethane or polystyrene foam, which can further improve the thermal insulation performance of the thermal insulation system 300 .
  • the thickness of the thermal insulation inner layer 310 is preferably less than or equal to half of the distance between the base plate 210 and the outer wall of the liquid cargo tank 100 . Keeping the thermal insulation inner layer 310 at an appropriate thickness can not only provide a free and unimpeded passage for the liquid cargo leaked from the liquid cargo tank 100, but also further fill the panel layer 321 between the thermal insulation inner layer 310 and the base plate 210 to improve the thermal insulation system. 300 insulation performance.
  • an anti-crack mesh layer 350 is provided between the panel layer 321 and the heat-insulating inner layer 310.
  • the material of the anti-crack mesh layer 350 is preferably a glass fiber grid, and the main component of the glass fiber grid is silicon oxide, which has a stable Excellent physical and chemical properties, high strength, high modulus, high wear resistance, excellent cold resistance and excellent thermal stability.
  • the anti-crack mesh layer 350 embeds and restricts the panel layer 321 to improve the low-temperature shrinkage resistance of the panel layer 321 .
  • the panel layer 321 provides a shape-fixed net, which can prevent the panel layer 321 from deforming, and can improve the low-temperature shrinkage performance of the panel layer 321, reducing the possibility of shrinkage cracks in the panel layer 321, thereby ensuring the thermal insulation effect and extension of the thermal insulation system 300 Stability of the insulation system 300 .
  • the thickness of the thermal insulation inner layer 310 is equal to the distance between the base plate 210 and the outer wall of the liquid cargo tank 100, in other words, the thermal insulation inner layer 310 is completely filled in the space formed by the base plate 210 and the outer wall of the liquid cargo tank 100. , the bottom of the heat insulating inner layer 310 is in contact with the upper surface of the substrate 210 .
  • the heat insulating outer layer 320 is located on the periphery of the heat insulating inner layer 310 and at least partially covers the heat insulating inner layer 310 and the substrate 210 .
  • the thermal insulation outer layer 320 is a foam layer formed of foamed polyurethane or polystyrene foam, which can further improve the thermal insulation performance of the thermal insulation system 300 .
  • the above-mentioned thermal insulation system 300 has the advantages of convenient construction and easy disassembly and assembly. When the thermal insulation inner layer 310 needs to be replaced, it is only necessary to dig out the thermal insulation outer layer 320 around the thermal insulation inner layer 310, take out the original thermal insulation inner layer 310, and install it in its original position The new heat-insulating inner layer 310 can be filled with a new heat-insulating outer layer 320 .
  • each rib 220 in the supporting structure 200 corresponds to a groove 312 , and the shape of the groove 312 matches the shape of the corresponding rib 220 . Since the structures of different ribs 220 in the support structure 200 are different, the structures of the grooves 312 corresponding to different ribs 220 are also different.
  • the thermal insulation system 300 it only needs to be based on For the structure of the ribs 220 , it is only necessary to provide the grooves 312 corresponding to the ribs 220 on the thermal insulation inner layer 310 , so that the thermal insulation system 300 can be applied to support structures 200 of different types or structures.
  • the grooves 312 can be further divided into short grooves and long grooves.
  • the distance between the bottom surface of the concave cavity 311 and the outer wall surface of the liquid cargo tank 100 is preferably 10-25 mm.
  • a detector (not shown in the figure) for detecting a corresponding or target gas is arranged in the cavity 311 .
  • a certain space is still reserved in the cavity 311 where the detector is disposed, so as to facilitate the circulation of gas in the cavity 311 .
  • four support structures 200 are arranged on the outer wall of the liquid cargo tank 100, and the four support structures 200 are respectively arranged in four directions of the front, rear, left and right of the liquid cargo tank 100, and each support structure 200 Each is equipped with a detector.
  • concave cavities 311 are arranged on the top of the heat insulating inner layer 310, wherein the arrangement of the concave cavities 311 can be adjusted according to the structure at the area where the support structure is placed, and meet the above requirements, so that spilled liquid cargo does not accumulate.
  • the specific structure of the cavity 311 includes the following forms:
  • the top of the heat-insulating inner layer 310 is provided with a recessed portion that is depressed relative to the top surface of the heat-insulating inner layer 310, and the recessed portion constitutes the above-mentioned concave cavity 311, and the cavity surface of the concave cavity 311 is preferably an arc-shaped surface.
  • Adjacent cavities 311 communicate with each other through channels, and the channels between adjacent cavities 311 are not shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the top of the heat-insulating inner layer 310 is provided with protrusions that protrude relative to the top surface of the heat-insulating inner layer 310 , and the area between adjacent protrusions constitutes the above-mentioned concave cavity 311 , the bottom surface of the concave cavity 311 is a plane, and the above-mentioned convex part is in the shape of a sphere, a cylinder or a cube.
  • the concave cavity 311 has two structures, specifically including a first concave cavity and a second concave cavity, the first concave cavity is set on the top of the thermal insulation inner layer 310 relative to the thermal insulation inner layer
  • the top surface of the layer 310 is depressed, and the adjacent first cavities communicate with each other through channels, and the channels between adjacent first cavities are not shown in Fig. 10 and Fig. 11;
  • the second cavities The area between the protrusions that are provided on the top of the heat insulating inner layer 310 relative to the top surface of the heat insulating inner layer 310; the first cavity is preferably set in the second cavity ( FIG. 10 ), the first The cavity coincides with the second cavity ( Figure 11).
  • a shroud 230 is provided on the lower surface of the base plate 210, and the shroud 230 defines an annular space, and a heat insulating pad 330 is arranged in the annular space, and the heat insulating pad 330 is in contact with the inner surface of the hull 400.
  • the thermal insulation block 330 is preferably a structure with good thermal insulation performance, and it can be specifically a wooden board, which can prevent the low temperature in the liquid cargo tank 100 from being directly transmitted to the hull 400 .
  • the heat-insulating outer layer 320 is in contact with the heat-insulating pad 330 , and the thickness of the heat-insulating outer layer 320 at the base plate 210 beyond the enclosure 230 is preferably 10-30 mm. In this embodiment, the thickness of the heat-insulating outer layer 320 at the substrate 210 beyond the surrounding plate 230 is 15 mm.
  • the non-supporting structure arrangement area in the outer wall of the cargo tank 100 is provided with a thermal insulation panel 340, and the thermal insulation panel 340 is configured as a prefabricated panel, which is preferably made of rigid polyurethane or polystyrene material. production.
  • the heat insulation board 340 is fixed on the outer wall surface of the liquid cargo tank 100 by bolts, and can provide thermal insulation protection for the non-supporting structure setting area on the outer wall surface of the liquid cargo tank 100 .
  • the heat insulating outer layer 320 also partially covers the heat insulating board 340 at the non-supporting structure setting area.
  • the outer surface of the heat insulating outer layer 320 is provided with a protective layer, and the material of the protective layer includes but is not limited to aluminum foil, plastic, glass fiber reinforced plastic or polyurea.
  • the material of the protective layer is preferably aluminum foil.
  • a type B liquid cargo tank which includes the thermal insulation system of the type B liquid cargo tank in the above embodiments.
  • the supporting structure 200 includes a base plate 210 and a plurality of ribs 220 arranged on the base plate 210, and an insulating inner layer 310 is arranged between the outer wall surface of the liquid cargo tank 100 and the base plate 210, and the top of the insulating inner layer 310 Adhere to the outer wall of the liquid cargo tank 100 and set several concave cavities 311, the above concave cavities 311 communicate with each other and can provide a free and unimpeded passage for the liquid cargo leaked from the liquid cargo tank 100, the bottom of the heat insulating inner layer 310 is provided with There are a plurality of grooves 312 for nesting the ribs 220 , and the ribs 220 are nested in the grooves 312 in the heat insulating inner layer 310 , so as to realize the heat insulation protection of the support structure 200 and the liquid cargo tank 100 .
  • the heat insulation system 300 provided by the present application is less difficult to construct, and can provide heat insulation protection for the area where

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

一种B型液货舱的绝热系统及B型液货舱，包括设于液货舱（100）外壁面的支撑结构（200），支撑结构（200）包括基板（210）和肋板（220）；绝热系统（300）包括绝热内层（310）和绝热外层（320），绝热内层（310）被限制在液货舱（100）外壁面与基板（210）之间；绝热内层（310）具有顶部和底部，顶部与液货舱（100）外壁面贴合并设置有若干个凹腔（311），所有凹腔（311）相互连通形成可自由畅通的通道，底部位于绝热内层（310）靠近基板（210）的一侧，并设置有多个用于嵌套肋板（220）的凹槽（312）；绝热外层（320）至少部分覆盖绝热内层（310）以及基板（210）。该绝热系统施工难度较小，且可对液货舱外壁面上的支撑结构设置区域提供绝热保护。

Description

B型液货舱的绝热系统及B型液货舱 技术领域
本申请涉及液化气船技术领域，尤其涉及一种B型液货舱的绝热系统及B型液货舱。
背景技术
液化气船是用于运输液化石油气、液化天然气等低温液货的专用船舶，液货装载在液化气船中的液货舱内。根据所装载液货的类型和工作场景，液货舱分为三种类型：A型、B型和C型，A型液货舱主要是平板结构，其具有完整的次屏蔽；B型液货舱是平板结构或者是球罐式结构，其具有局部的次屏蔽；C型液货舱是球罐式结构，其不需要次屏蔽。液货舱内液货的温度较低，外界的温度远远大于液货的温度，则需为液货舱设置绝热系统来达到保温和防止外部热量进行液货舱的目的，并减少液货舱舱内液货的蒸发量。由于三种液货舱的结构特性和性能要求不同，三种液货舱所对应的绝热系统也不同。
对于B型液货舱来说，其结构较为复杂，需通过众多支撑结构与船体相连，上述众多支撑结构可包括顶面防横摇支座、底面防横摇支座、防纵摇支座、垂向支座以及组合支座等等，这些支撑结构的结构较为复杂，并且在液货舱上的安装空间非常狭小，当为B型液货舱设置绝热系统时，因在支撑结构处的施工难度很高，从而不会在支撑结构处设置规则的绝热系统，使得现有B型液货舱的绝热系统的绝热效果较差。
因此，如何提供一种B型液货舱的绝热系统及B型液货舱，以对液货舱上的复杂支撑结构设置区域提供绝热保护，并提高绝热系统的整体绝热效果，成为本领域亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请的目的是提供一种B型液货舱的绝热系统，其施工难度较小，且可对液货舱外壁面上的支撑结构设置区域提供绝热保护，有效提高绝热系统的绝热效果。
另一目的还在于提供一种B型液货舱，其采用上述的B型液货舱的绝热系统。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种B型液货舱的绝热系统，液货舱位于船体内，若干支撑结构分设于液货舱的外壁面上，每个支撑结构包括基板以及设置在基板上表面的多个肋板，基板与液货舱外壁面相隔预设距离，肋板固定在液货舱外壁面上，并与液货舱内部的框架结构相对应；上述绝热系统包括：
绝热内层，被配置为预制板，且被限制在液货舱外壁面与基板之间；绝热内层具有顶部和底部，顶部与液货舱外壁面贴合并设置有若干个凹腔，所有凹腔相互连通并共同形成可自由畅通的通道，底部位于绝热内层靠近基板的一侧，并设置有多个用于嵌套肋板的凹槽；
绝热外层，至少部分覆盖绝热内层以及基板。
在一种可能的实施方案中，上述绝热外层包括：
面板层，位于绝热内层与基板之间，并填充绝热内层与基板之间所预留的空隙；
角隅层，与面板层连接，并覆盖基板的下表面。
在一种可能的实施方案中，绝热内层的厚度小于等于基板与液货舱外壁面之间间距的二分之一。
在一种可能的实施方案中，绝热内层的厚度等于基板与液货舱外壁面之间的间距。
在一种可能的实施方案中，基板下表面设置有围板，基板处的绝热外层所超出围板的厚度为10～30mm。
在一种可能的实施方案中，围板限定出一环形空间，该环形空间内设置有绝热垫块，绝热垫块与船体的内壁面抵接；绝热外层与绝热垫块抵接。
在一种可能的实施方案中，凹腔的底面距液货舱外壁面的间距为10～25mm。
在一种可能的实施方案中，凹腔内设置有用于检测相应或目标气体的探测器。
在一种可能的实施方案中，液货舱外壁面中的非支撑结构设置区域设置有绝热板，绝热板通过螺栓固定在液货舱外壁面上。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种B型液货舱，其包括上述实施例中的B型液货舱的绝热系统。
与现有技术相比，本申请的有益效果至少如下：
支撑结构包括基板以及设置在基板上的多个肋板，于液货舱外壁面与基板之 间设置绝热内层，绝热内层的顶部与液货舱外壁面贴合并设置有若干个凹腔，上述凹腔相互连通并可为液货舱所泄漏的液货提供一个可自由畅通的通道，绝热内层的底部设置有多个用于嵌套肋板的凹槽，肋板嵌套于绝热内层中的凹槽中，即可实现支撑结构与液货舱的绝热保护。本申请所提供的绝热系统施工难度较小，且能够对液货舱外壁面上的支撑结构设置区域提供绝热保护，有效提高了绝热系统的绝热效果。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为根据本申请实施例示出的一种B型液货舱的绝热系统的结构示意图；
图2为根据本申请实施例示出的一种B型液货舱的绝热系统的结构示意图；
图3为根据本申请实施例示出的一种绝热内层的结构示意图；
图4为根据本申请实施例示出的一种绝热内层的俯视图；
图5为根据本申请实施例示出的一种绝热内层的俯视图；
图6为根据本申请实施例示出的一种绝热内层的俯视图；
图7为根据本申请实施例示出的一种绝热内层的俯视图；
图8为根据本申请实施例示出的一种绝热内层的俯视图；
图9为根据本申请实施例示出的一种绝热内层的俯视图；
图10为根据本申请实施例示出的一种绝热内层的俯视图；
图11为根据本申请实施例示出的一种绝热内层的俯视图。
图示说明：
100液货舱；110框架结构；200支撑结构；210基板；220肋板；230围板；300绝热系统；310绝热内层；311凹腔；312凹槽；320绝热外层；321面板层；322角隅层；330绝热垫块；340绝热板；350止裂网层；400船体。
具体实施方式
以下通过特定的具体实施例说明本申请的实施方式，本领域技术人员可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本申请的其他优点与功效。本申请还可 以通过另外不同的具体实施方式加以实施或营业，本申请中的各项细节也可以基于不同观点与应用，在没有背离本申请的精神下进行各种修饰或改变。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“上”、“下”、“顶”和“底”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。此外，术语“第一”和“第二”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
液化气船是用于运输液化石油气、液化天然气等低温液货的专用船舶，其包括船体以及位于船体内的液货舱，其中，液货舱用于装载液货。当液货舱为B型液货舱时，液货舱的外壁面上设置有若干支撑结构，上述支撑结构包括但不限于是顶面防横摇支座、底面防横摇支座、防纵摇支座、垂向支座以及组合支座。每个支撑结构均包括基板和多个肋板，基板与液货舱外壁面相隔预设距离，肋板设置在基板中朝向液货舱外壁面的表面上，并固定在液货舱外壁面上。肋板与液货舱内部的框架结构相对应。
由于基板与液货舱外壁面之间的距离较小，以现有施工方法、施工条件很难在液货舱外壁面上的支撑结构设置区域设置绝热系统，以为液货舱外壁面上的支撑结构设置区域提供绝热保护。但是，在液货舱外壁面上的支撑结构设置区域设置绝热系统也是很有必要的。为了解决上述技术问题，发明人通过在液货舱与基板之间填充绝热内层，绝热内层的底部设置有多个用于嵌套肋板的凹槽，肋板嵌套于绝热内层中的凹槽中，即可实现支撑结构与液货舱的绝热保护，减小施工难度，且可为液货舱外壁面上的支撑结构设置区域提供绝热保护，提高了绝热系统的绝热效果。
根据本申请的一个方面，提供了一种B型液货舱的绝热系统。其中，液货舱100位于船体400内，若干支撑结构200分设于液货舱100的外壁面上，每个 支撑结构200均包括基板210以及设置在基板210上表面的多个肋板220，基板210与液货舱100的外壁面相隔预设距离，肋板220固定在液货舱100的外壁面上，并与液货舱100内部的框架结构110相对应。
参见图1和图3，该绝热系统300包括绝热内层310和绝热外层320。绝热内层310被配置为预制板，其优选为由硬质聚氨酯或聚苯乙烯材料所制成；绝热内层310被限制在液货舱100的外壁面与基板210之间。绝热内层310具有顶部和底部，上述顶部指的是绝热内层310朝向液货舱100的侧部，上述底部指的是绝热内层310朝向基板210的侧部，顶部与液货舱100的外壁面贴合并设置有若干个凹腔311，绝热内层310中的所有凹腔311相互连通并共同形成一个可自由畅通的通道，该通道能够在液货舱100微泄漏时将液货舱100所泄漏出的液货排入至船体400底部的收集容器内；底部位于绝热内层310靠近基板210的一侧，并设置有多个用于嵌套肋板220的凹槽312。绝热外层320至少部分覆盖绝热内层310以及基板210。
于液货舱100的外壁面与基板210之间设置绝热内层310，并使绝热内层310的顶部与液货舱100的外壁面贴合并配置有若干个凹腔311，上述凹腔311可为液货舱100所泄漏的液货提供一个可自由畅通的通道，避免液货舱100发生微泄漏时出现阻塞现象；绝热内层310的底部设置有多个用于嵌套肋板220的凹槽312，肋板220嵌套于绝热内层310中的凹槽312内，即可实现支撑结构200与液货舱100的绝热保护。上述每个肋板220均对应有一个凹槽312，凹槽312的形状和与其对应的肋板220的形状匹配，以使该绝热系统300可适用于不同种类或者不同结构的支撑结构200。上述绝热系统300的施工难度较小，能够对液货舱100外壁面上的支撑结构设置区域提供绝热保护，有效提高了绝热系统300的绝热效果。
作为示例，参见图1，绝热外层320包括面板层321和角隅层322。面板层321位于绝热内层310与基板210之间，并填充绝热内层310与基板210之间所预留的空隙中，以限制绝热内层310向液货舱100侧或者向基板210侧移动。角隅层322与面板层321连接，并覆盖基板210的下表面。
较佳地，面板层321和角隅层322均为由发泡式聚氨酯或者聚苯乙烯泡沫所形成的发泡层，其可进一步提高绝热系统300的绝热性能。
较佳地，绝热内层310的厚度优选为小于等于基板210与液货舱100外壁面之间间距的二分之一。使绝热内层310保持合适的厚度，既可以为液货舱100所泄漏的液货提供可自由畅通的通道，又可以进一步在绝热内层310与基板210之间填充面板层321，以提高绝热系统300的绝热性能。
较佳地，面板层321与绝热内层310之间设有止裂网层350，止裂网层350的材质优选为玻璃纤维格栅，玻璃纤维格栅的主要成份为氧化硅，其具有稳定的理化性能、高强度、高模量、高的耐磨性、优异的对寒性以及优异的热稳定性。止裂网层350使面板层321嵌锁和限制，以提高面板层321的抗低温收缩性能。
向绝热内层310与基板210之间所预留的空隙喷涂面板层321，并在上述面板层321冷却固定后，止裂网层350与面板层321粘合，止裂网层350相当于向面板层321提供了一个形状固定网，能够避免面板层321变形，并可提高面板层321的低温收缩性能，减小面板层321发生收缩裂纹的可能性，从而保证绝热系统300的绝热效果和延长绝热系统300的稳定性。
作为示例，参见图2，绝热内层310的厚度等于基板210与液货舱100外壁面之间的间距，换言之，绝热内层310完全填充于基板210与液货舱100的外壁面所形成的空间内，绝热内层310的底部与基板210的上表面抵接。绝热外层320位于绝热内层310的外围并至少部分覆盖绝热内层310以及基板210。
较佳地，绝热外层320为由发泡式聚氨酯或者聚苯乙烯泡沫所形成的发泡层，其可进一步提高绝热系统300的绝热性能。上述绝热系统300具有施工方便，拆装方便的优点，当需更换绝热内层310时，只需将绝热内层310外围的绝热外层320挖除，取出原绝热内层310，并在原位置安装新的绝热内层310，填充新的绝热外层320即可。
作为示例，支撑结构200中的每个肋板220均对应有一个凹槽312，且凹槽312的形状和与其对应的肋板220的形状匹配。由于支撑结构200中不同肋板220之间的结构不同，不同肋板220所对应的凹槽312的结构也不同，则为不同种类或者不同结构的支撑结构200设置绝热系统300时，只需根据肋板220的结构在绝热内层310上设置与肋板220对应的凹槽312即可，因此，使该绝热系统300可适用于不同种类或者不同结构的支撑结构200。在本实施例中，如图3所示，上述凹槽312可进一步分为短凹槽和长凹槽。
作为示例，凹腔311的底面距液货舱100外壁面的间距优选为10～25mm。凹腔311内设置有用于检测相应或目标气体的探测器(图中未示出)。设置有探测器的凹腔311仍预留有一定的空间，以便于气体在该凹腔311内流通。在本实施例中，液货舱100的外壁面上设置有四个支撑结构200，四个支撑结构200分设在液货舱100的前、后、左、右四个方向上，且每个支撑结构200中均配置有一个探测器。
作为示例，根据泄漏量和泄漏速率的要求，在绝热内层310的顶部布置若干凹腔311，其中，凹腔311的布置方式可根据支撑结构设置区域处的结构进行调整，并满足上述要求，以使泄漏的液货不会发生积聚。凹腔311的具体结构包括下面几种形式：
例如，如图4所示，绝热内层310的顶部设置有相对于绝热内层310的顶面凹陷的凹陷部，该凹陷部构成上述凹腔311，凹腔311的腔面优选为弧形面。相邻凹腔311之间通过沟道相互连通，图4中未示出相邻凹腔311之间的沟道。
又如，如图5～图9所示，绝热内层310的顶部设置有相对于绝热内层310的顶面凸起的凸起部，相邻凸起部之间的区域构成上述凹腔311，凹腔311的底面为平面，上述凸起部呈球形、圆柱形或者立方体状。
又如，如图10和图11所示，凹腔311有两种结构，具体包括第一凹腔和第二凹腔，第一凹腔为绝热内层310的顶部所设置的相对于绝热内层310的顶面凹陷的凹陷部，相邻第一凹腔之间通过沟道相互连通，图10和图11中均未示出相邻第一凹腔之间的沟道；第二凹腔为绝热内层310的顶部所设置的相对于绝热内层310的顶面凸起的凸起部之间的区域；第一凹腔优选为设置在第二凹腔内(图10)，第一凹腔与第二凹腔重合(图11)。
作为示例，参见图1和图2，基板210的下表面设置有围板230，围板230限定出一环形空间，该环形空间内设置有绝热垫块330，绝热垫块330与船体400的内壁面抵接。绝热垫块330优选为具有良好绝热性能的结构，其具体可为木板，能够防止液货舱100中的低温直接传递给船体400。
较佳地，绝热外层320与绝热垫块330抵接，基板210处的绝热外层320所超出围板230的厚度优选为10～30mm。在本实施例中，基板210处的绝热外层320所超出围板230的厚度为15mm。
作为示例，参见图1和图2，液货舱100外壁面中的非支撑结构设置区域设置有绝热板340，绝热板340被配置为预制板，其优选为由硬质聚氨酯或聚苯乙烯材料所制成。上述绝热板340通过螺栓固定在液货舱100的外壁面上，能够为液货舱100外壁面上的非支撑结构设置区域提供绝热保护。
较佳地，绝热外层320还局部覆盖在非支撑结构设置区域处的绝热板340上。
作为示例，绝热外层320的外表面设置有保护层，保护层的材料包括但不限于是铝箔、塑料、玻璃钢或聚脲。在本实施例中，保护层的材料优选为铝箔。
根据本申请的一个方面，提供了一种B型液货舱，其包括上述实施例中的B型液货舱的绝热系统。
由以上的技术方案可知，支撑结构200包括基板210以及设置在基板210上的多个肋板220，于液货舱100的外壁面与基板210之间设置绝热内层310，绝热内层310的顶部与液货舱100的外壁面贴合并设置有若干个凹腔311，上述凹腔311相互连通并可为液货舱100所泄漏的液货提供一个可自由畅通的通道，绝热内层310的底部设置有多个用于嵌套肋板220的凹槽312，肋板220嵌套于绝热内层310中的凹槽312内，即可实现支撑结构200与液货舱100的绝热保护。本申请所提供的绝热系统300施工难度较小，且能够对液货舱100外壁面上的支撑结构设置区域提供绝热保护，有效提高了绝热系统300的绝热效果。
以上所述仅是本申请的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和替换，这些改进和替换也应视为本申请的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种B型液货舱的绝热系统，液货舱位于船体内，若干支撑结构分设于所述液货舱的外壁面上，每个所述支撑结构包括基板以及设置在所述基板上表面的多个肋板，所述基板与所述液货舱外壁面相隔预设距离，所述肋板固定在所述液货舱外壁面上，并与所述液货舱内部的框架结构相对应；其特征在于，所述绝热系统包括：
    绝热内层，被配置为预制板，且被限制在所述液货舱外壁面与所述基板之间；所述绝热内层具有顶部和底部，所述顶部与所述液货舱外壁面贴合并设置有若干个凹腔，所有凹腔相互连通并共同形成可自由畅通的通道，所述底部位于所述绝热内层靠近基板的一侧，并设置有多个用于嵌套所述肋板的凹槽；
    绝热外层，至少部分覆盖所述绝热内层以及所述基板。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的B型液货舱的绝热系统，其特征在于，所述绝热外层包括：
    面板层，位于所述绝热内层与所述基板之间，并填充所述绝热内层与所述基板之间所预留的空隙；
    角隅层，与所述面板层连接，并覆盖所述基板的下表面。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的B型液货舱的绝热系统，其特征在于，所述绝热内层的厚度小于等于所述基板与液货舱外壁面之间间距的二分之一。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的B型液货舱的绝热系统，其特征在于，所述绝热内层的厚度等于所述基板与液货舱外壁面之间的间距。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的B型液货舱的绝热系统，其特征在于，所述基板下表面设置有围板，基板处的所述绝热外层所超出围板的厚度为10～30mm。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的B型液货舱的绝热系统，其特征在于，所述围板限定出一环形空间，所述环形空间内设置有绝热垫块，所述绝热垫块与所述船体的内壁面抵接；所述绝热外层与所述绝热垫块抵接。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的B型液货舱的绝热系统，其特征在于，所述凹腔的底面距所述液货舱外壁面的间距为10～25mm。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的B型液货舱的绝热系统，其特征在于，所述凹腔 内设置有用于检测相应或目标气体的探测器。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的B型液货舱的绝热系统，其特征在于，所述液货舱外壁面中的非支撑结构设置区域设置有绝热板，所述绝热板通过螺栓固定在所述液货舱外壁面上。
  10. 一种B型液货舱，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1～9中任一项所述的B型液货舱的绝热系统。
PCT/CN2022/086421 2022-02-10 2022-04-12 B型液货舱的绝热系统及b型液货舱 WO2023151178A1 (zh)

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