WO2023145069A1 - 分散電源制御システム - Google Patents
分散電源制御システム Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a distributed power supply control system.
- renewable energy hereinafter also referred to as “renewable energy”
- the renewable energy power supply is connected to the power grid via an inverter, it does not have the inertia of a conventional synchronous generator. Therefore, in a power system where a large amount of renewable energy is interconnected and the number of synchronous generators has decreased, there is a concern that system inertia will decrease and frequency fluctuation will increase.
- the renewable energy power supply or synchronous generator has a large deviation ( ⁇ f) from the frequency reference value, or the frequency change rate (f change rate, df / dt, RoCoF: Rate of Change of Frequency) is large, It has a function to stop operation from the viewpoint of equipment protection. Therefore, when disturbances such as large-scale power outages or power line route disconnection accidents occur, the power supply and demand balance is greatly disrupted, causing a sudden drop in frequency and further disconnection of renewable energy power sources or synchronous generators. The danger of spreading to large-scale power outages will increase.
- Patent Document 1 in a battery control system that controls a plurality of batteries, the f change rate of the electric power system is measured, and when a disturbance occurs, the discharge amount or charge amount is assigned to each storage battery according to the operation delay time of each battery. Techniques are disclosed.
- the battery control system described in Patent Document 1 detects a system disturbance in a battery control system that controls a plurality of batteries and issues a control command to the storage battery via a communication network, so high-speed battery control cannot be performed. It may not be possible to mitigate frequency drops and avoid large-scale blackouts.
- the present disclosure has been made to solve the above problems, and aims to control active power of distributed power sources at high speed in a distributed power source control system.
- the distributed power source control system of the present disclosure includes a distributed power source control device that controls output power from the distributed power source to the power transmission and distribution system, and a central processing unit that sets parameters used for control by the distributed power source control device.
- the central processing unit has a response calculation unit that simulates the response of the transmission and distribution system when a disturbance occurs in the transmission and distribution system, and from the simulation results of the response calculation unit, f change rate and active power Based on the correspondence relationship between the f change rate in the power transmission and distribution system and the supply capacity shortage of active power, the f change rate in the power transmission and distribution system and the output from the distributed power supply to the power transmission and distribution system an f change rate control parameter calculation unit that calculates a correspondence relationship with the active power to be calculated as an f change rate control parameter.
- the distributed power supply control device includes an f change rate measuring unit that measures the f change rate of the own end, and an f change rate control amount that is the active power corresponding to the f change rate of the own end in the f change rate control parameter. and a power converter that controls active power output from the distributed power sources to the power transmission and distribution system based on the active power control amount determined based on the f change rate control amount.
- the active power of the distributed power supply can be controlled at high speed by the distributed power supply control device.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of an electric power system and a distributed power source control system according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a central processing unit according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a distributed power supply control device according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing changes in system frequency when system disturbance occurs;
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an output example of frequency change rate control performed by the distributed power supply control device according to Embodiment 1 when a system disturbance occurs;
- 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the supply capacity shortage ⁇ P missmatch that occurs when a system disturbance occurs and the frequency change rate in a simulation performed by the central processing unit according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the configuration of a central processing unit according to Embodiment 2;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration of a distributed power supply control device according to Embodiment 2; FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the output value and the frequency deviation of the distributed power supply control device according to Embodiment 2;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a coordinated image of outputs of frequency change rate control and frequency deviation control by the distributed power supply control device according to Embodiment 2;
- 10 is a flowchart showing a process of determining parameters for frequency change rate control and frequency deviation control by a central processing unit according to Embodiment 2;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the configuration of a central processing unit according to Embodiment 3;
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the configuration of a distributed power source control apparatus according to Embodiment 3;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a coordinated image of output of frequency change rate control and correction control by the distributed power supply control device according to Embodiment 2;
- FIG. 11 is a flow chart showing a correction control parameter determination process by a central processing unit according to a third embodiment;
- FIG. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the configuration of a central processing unit according to Embodiment 4;
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a configuration of a distributed power supply control device according to Embodiment 4;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing changes in system frequency when system disturbance occurs;
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an output example of frequency change rate reactive power control performed by the distributed power supply control device according to Embodiment 4 when a system disturbance occurs;
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the relationship between the reactive power output value and the frequency change rate of the distributed power supply control device according to the fourth embodiment;
- FIG. 12 is a flow chart showing parameter determination processing for frequency change rate control and frequency change rate reactive power control by a central processing unit according to Embodiment 4;
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the hardware configuration of a central processing unit and distributed power supply control units;
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the hardware configuration of a central processing unit and distributed power supply control units;
- FIG. 1 shows the configuration of a power system according to Embodiment 1.
- the power system includes a transmission and distribution system 1, large-scale generators 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, loads 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, a distributed power supply control system 4, a distributed power supply 7-1, 7-2, 7-3, 7-4, and a measuring device 8.
- the distributed power source control system 4 comprises a central processing unit 5 and distributed power source control devices 6-1, 6-2, 6-3 and 6-4.
- the number of large-scale generators is not limited to this. This also applies to distributed power supply controllers 6-1, 6-2, 6-3, 6-4 and distributed power supplies 7-1, 7-2, 7-3, 7-4.
- distributed power supply controllers 6-1, 6-2, 6-3, 6-4 distributed power supplies 7-1, 7-2, 7-3, 7-4.
- one measuring device 8 is shown in FIG. 1 , a plurality of measuring devices 8 may be provided in the power transmission and distribution system 1 .
- the large-scale generators 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3 are collectively referred to as the large-scale generator 2 without distinction.
- the distributed power source control devices 6-1, 6-2, 6-3, and 6-4 are collectively referred to as the distributed power source control device 6 without distinction.
- the dispersed power sources 7-1, 7-2, 7-3, and 7-4 are collectively referred to as the dispersed power sources 7 without distinction.
- the distributed power supply 7 is a power source including renewable energy such as photovoltaic power generation (PV) or wind power generation, or an electric power storage device such as a storage battery.
- renewable energy such as photovoltaic power generation (PV) or wind power generation
- electric power storage device such as a storage battery.
- the distributed power source control device 6-1 is a device that controls the power generated by the distributed power source 7-1, and includes a power converter such as an inverter circuit for interchanging power between the distributed power source 7-1 and the power transmission and distribution system 1. Including machine. Distributed power source controllers 6-2, 6-3, and 6-4 treat distributed power sources 7-2, 7-3, and 7-4 in the same way that distributed power source controller 6-1 treats dispersed power source 7-1. Each control device includes a power converter such as an inverter circuit for interchanging power between the distributed power sources 7-2, 7-3, 7-4 and the power transmission and distribution system 1. FIG.
- the central processing unit 5, the distributed power source control unit 6, and the measuring device 8 are connected to each other via a communication network.
- the communication network may be the Internet, a dedicated network, or a network using both.
- the measuring device 8 measures information on the power transmission and distribution system 1 .
- the central processing unit 5 receives measurement information from the measuring device 8 via a communication network, and uses this measurement information to grasp the status of the power transmission and distribution system 1 and perform various calculations.
- the central processing unit 5 also sets parameters used for power control of the distributed power sources 7 performed by the distributed power source control device 6, and transmits the parameters to the distributed power source control device 6 via the communication network.
- the central processing unit 5 also receives the operating status of the distributed power sources 7 from the distributed power source controller 6 via the communication network.
- the operating state of the distributed power sources 7 includes, for example, the installed capacity or the current output, and if the distributed power sources 7 have the ability to store electricity, the amount of charging power is included.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the central processing unit 5 according to the first embodiment.
- the central processing unit 5 includes a communication section 51 , a storage section 52 , an information setting section 53 , a disturbance setting section 54 , a response calculation section 55 and an f change rate control parameter calculation section 56 .
- the communication unit 51 communicates with the measuring device 8 and the distributed power source control device 6 via a communication network.
- the communication unit 51 receives information on the power transmission and distribution system 1 measured by the measuring device 8 .
- the information on the power transmission and distribution system 1 includes at least one of the operation state of the large-scale generator 2, the load 3, the voltage flow state, and the power flow state.
- the communication unit 51 also transmits the f change rate control parameter, which is the power control parameter calculated by the f change rate control parameter calculation unit 56 , to the distributed power source control device 6 .
- the communication unit 51 also receives the operating status of the distributed power sources 7 from the distributed power source controller 6 via the communication network.
- the storage unit 52 stores the facility information of the power transmission and distribution system 1, the measurement information of the power transmission and distribution system 1 received by the communication unit 51, the operating state of the distributed power supply 7, an information setting unit 53, a disturbance setting unit 54, and a response calculation unit 55. and the settings and calculation results used by the f change rate control parameter calculator 56 are stored.
- the information setting unit 53 configures the power transmission and distribution system 1 based on the measurement information of the power transmission and distribution system 1 and the operating state of the distributed power sources 7 received by the communication unit 51 and the facility information of the power transmission and distribution system 1 stored in the storage unit 52. Sets the current state of the .
- the disturbance setting unit 54 sets at least one possible system disturbance for the current state of the power transmission and distribution system 1 set by the information setting unit 53 .
- Grid disturbances include power dropouts, load dropouts, or power line route breaks.
- power failure means that one or more of the large-scale power generators 2 are shut down.
- the drop of the load means that one or more of the loads 3 are dropped.
- disconnection of the power line route means disconnection of a power line, which is a transmission line through which a plurality of large-scale power generators 2 are interconnected and power is sent from the interconnected large-scale power generators 2 .
- the response calculation unit 55 simulates the response of the power transmission and distribution system 1 when the system disturbance set by the disturbance setting unit 54 occurs, and aggregates the results.
- the response of the power transmission and distribution system 1 includes the system frequency, the center of inertia frequency, and the voltage/current state at one or more points of the power transmission and distribution system 1 when a system disturbance occurs, the output of the large-scale generator 2, and fluctuations in the power of the load 3 and the like.
- the f change rate control parameter calculation unit 56 calculates the f change rate, which is the time change rate of the frequency of the power transmission and distribution system 1 when the system disturbance occurs, and the active power and the supply shortage amount ⁇ P missmatch . In addition, the f change rate control parameter calculation unit 56 calculates a The active power P DER_dfdt to be output to the system 1 is calculated for each facility, and the relational expression between the f change rate and the active power P DER_dfdt to be output by the distributed power supply 7 is set.
- the relational expression between the f change rate set here and the active power P DER_dfdt to be output by the distributed power source 7 is the parameter of the f change rate control performed by the distributed power source control device 6 (hereinafter referred to as the “f change rate control parameter ”). Details of the f change rate control will be described later.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of the distributed power source control device 6 according to the first embodiment.
- the distributed power supply control device 6 includes a power converter 601, a communication unit 602, an operating state measurement unit 603, an f change rate measurement unit 604, an f change rate control amount calculation unit 605, and an f change rate control parameter storage unit 606. Configured.
- the power converter 601 is a device that performs power control for interchanging power between the distributed power sources 7 and the power transmission and distribution system 1 . Included in a converter that converts DC power from a DC power source such as a PV or storage battery to AC power, a BTB (Back-to-Back) converter for grid connection of a variable speed wind power generator, or a doubly fed induction generator
- the power converter 601 corresponds to a cycloconverter or the like.
- the communication unit 602 communicates with the central processing unit 5 via a communication network.
- the communication unit 602 receives f change rate control parameters from the central processing unit 5 .
- the communication unit 602 transmits to the central processing unit 5 the operating states of the distributed power sources 7 and the power converters 601 measured by the operating state measuring unit 603, which will be described later.
- the operating state measurement unit 603 measures the operating states of the distributed power sources 7 and the power converter 601 .
- operating conditions include, for example, installed capacity or current output.
- the distributed power supply 7 has a power storage capability, the charging power amount is included in the operating state of the distributed power supply 7 .
- the f change rate measurement unit 604 calculates the local frequency change rate, that is, the f change rate, from the measured values of the voltage and current at the end where the distributed power supply control device 6 is installed.
- the f change rate control amount calculation unit 605 controls the distributed power supply 7 based on the f change rate measured by the f change rate measurement unit 604 and the f change rate control parameter stored in the f change rate control parameter storage unit 606. calculates the active power P DER_dfdt to be output, and transmits the calculated active power P DER_dfdt to the power converter 601 as the f change rate control amount.
- the f change rate control parameter storage unit 606 stores the f change rate control parameter received by the communication unit 602 from the central processing unit 5 .
- FIG. 4 shows an example of changes in the system frequency over time when a system disturbance occurs in the power transmission and distribution system 1 .
- the dashed line indicates the case without control by the distributed power supply control device 6
- the solid line indicates the case with control by the distributed power supply control device 6 .
- FIG. 5 shows an example of temporal change in active power output in the distributed power supply 7 due to the f change rate control performed by the distributed power supply controller 6 when a system disturbance occurs in the power transmission and distribution system 1 .
- the horizontal axes in FIGS. 4 and 5 indicate time.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 4 indicates system frequency, and the vertical axis in FIG. 5 indicates active power output.
- the distributed power supply controller 6 measures a sharp frequency change when a disturbance occurs, and sharply increases the active power output to PDER_dfdt . Further, the distributed power supply controller 6 continues to output the active power output at P DER_dfdt for a certain period of time T out and then decreases it over a certain period of time T decrease .
- the active power output P DER — dfdt , the output duration T out , and the output decrease time T decrease are parameters of f change rate control (hereinafter referred to as “f change rate control parameters”).
- distributed power supply control that feeds back the deviation ( ⁇ f) of the frequency from the reference value is stable but detects disturbances slowly, and distributed power supply control that feeds back the rate of change of f detects disturbances at high speed. Although it can be done, it has the characteristic that the control tends to become unstable.
- the distributed power source controller 6 outputs active power of a constant value P DER_dfdt according to the rate of change of f, as shown in FIGS.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an example of system response when a system disturbance occurs, which is simulated by the response calculation unit 55 of the central processing unit 5.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 6 indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates system frequency.
- a portion of the large-scale power generator 2 has fallen off, causing a shortage of ⁇ P mismatch in the supply capacity, so that the grid frequency rapidly drops.
- the storage unit 52 stores the supply shortage amount ⁇ P missmatch and the f change rate calculated with respect to it from the simulation result.
- the rate of change of f is the change in system frequency that occurs during a certain period of time.
- the "constant time” that defines the rate of change of f is arbitrary and is, for example, 100 ms.
- the response calculation unit 55 performs a simulation as shown in FIG. 6 for multiple possible cases of system disturbance. Then, the storage unit 52 stores the supply shortage amount ⁇ P missmatch in the system disturbance of each case and the f change rate calculated therewith.
- FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the supply shortage amount ⁇ P missmatch and the rate of change of f in multiple cases of system disturbances stored in the storage unit 52 .
- the relationship between the supply shortage amount ⁇ P missmatch and the rate of change of f changes in a complex manner depending on the operating state of the large-scale generator 2, the voltage/power flow state of the transmission/distribution system 1, or the scale or occurrence position of the system disturbance. Therefore, it is not a simple proportional relationship.
- ⁇ P missmatch is positive, i.e., the supply capacity is insufficient
- the f change rate is negative, i.e., the system frequency decreases .
- the f change rate control parameter calculator 56 approximates the relationship between the supply shortage amount ⁇ P missmatch and the f change rate shown in FIG. 7 and expresses it as an approximate relational expression.
- the approximate relational expression may be in any form as long as it can be calculated by a computer.
- the approximate relational expression may be, for example, an approximate relational expression A having a dead zone and linear characteristics as indicated by the dotted line in FIG.
- the approximate relational expression may be an approximate relational expression B represented by a step function as indicated by the dashed line in FIG.
- the approximate relational expression may be a relational expression represented by a polynomial. Any method can be used to create the approximate relational expression, but a technique such as the least squares method may be used, for example.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of the f change rate control parameter.
- the f change rate control parameter is a correspondence relationship between the active power P DER_dfdt to be output from the distributed power source 7 to the power transmission and distribution system 1 and the f change rate.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 8 indicates the rate of change, and the vertical axis indicates the active power P DER_dfdt to be output from the distributed power source 7 to the power transmission/distribution system 1 .
- the active power P DER_dfdt to be output from the distributed power sources 7 to the power transmission and distribution system 1 is defined as a function of the f change rate.
- the relationship between the active power P DER_dfdt to be output from the distributed power sources 7 to the power transmission and distribution system 1 and the f change rate is preferably the same as the relationship between the supply shortage amount ⁇ P missmatch and the f change rate.
- the f change rate control parameter calculator 56 determines an f change rate control parameter for each distributed power source control device 6 based on an approximate relational expression between the supply shortage amount ⁇ P missmatch and the f change rate.
- the active power P DER_dfdt to be output from the distributed power source 7 to the power transmission and distribution system 1 is determined by, for example, the following method.
- the first is a method of equally distributing the supply shortage amount ⁇ P missmatch in all distributed power source control devices 6 .
- the second is a method of allocating the supply shortage amount ⁇ P missmatch according to the rated capacity ratio of the distributed power supply control device 6 .
- the third is a method of allocating the supply shortage amount ⁇ P missmatch according to the ratio of the free capacity of the active power output of the distributed power supply control device 6 .
- dfdt is the f change rate
- ⁇ P mismatch (dfdt) is the relational expression between the supply shortage amount ⁇ P missmatch and the f change rate
- P DER_dfdt(i) (dfdt) is the f change rate control parameter of the distributed power supply controller 6-i.
- the active power P DER_dfdt to be output from the distributed power source 7 to the power transmission and distribution system 1 in the f change rate control parameter may be defined by any one of the following equations (1), (2), and (3).
- the central processing unit 5 determines the f change rate control parameter as described above, and transmits it from the communication unit 51 to each distributed power supply control device 6 .
- the output continuation time T out and the output decrease time T decrease are also included in the f change rate control parameters, these two parameters do not have to be changed according to the magnitude of the system disturbance. That is, the output continuation time T out and the output decrease time T decrease may be constant values regardless of the f change rate detected by the distributed power supply controller 6 . For example, from the occurrence of a system disturbance until the output of the large-scale power generator 2 is sufficiently increased by governor-free operation based on its frequency control characteristics, the distributed power supply control device 6 supplies active power from the distributed power supply 7 to the power transmission and distribution system 1. Both the output duration time T out and the output decrease time T decrease may be about several tens of seconds.
- the communication unit 602 receives the f change rate control parameter from the central processing unit 5 and stores it in the f change rate control parameter storage unit 606 .
- the distributed power source control device 6 detects the disturbance from the f change rate measured by the f change rate measurement unit 604 .
- the f change rate control amount calculation unit 605 stores the f change rate control parameter stored in the f change rate control parameter storage unit 606, and the distributed power source corresponding to the f change rate measured by the f change rate measurement unit 604.
- the active power P DER_dfdt to be output from 7 is calculated as the f change rate control amount P DER_dfdt .
- the power converter 601 sets the active power output from the distributed power source 7 to the power transmission and distribution system 1 to the f change rate control amount P DER_dfdt for the output duration time T out and then reduces it to 0 over the output decrease time T decrease . I do.
- FIG. 9 is a flow chart showing the process of determining parameters for f change rate control by the central processing unit 5 .
- step S101 the communication unit 51 receives the measurement information of the power transmission and distribution system 1 measured by the measuring device 8 via the communication network.
- step S102 the disturbance setting unit 54 sets the system disturbance assumed to occur in the power transmission and distribution system 1.
- step S103 the response calculation unit 55 simulates the response of the power transmission and distribution system 1 when the system disturbance set by the disturbance setting unit 54 occurs.
- step S104 the central processing unit 5 determines whether or not the response of the power transmission and distribution system 1 has been simulated for all system disturbances. If there is an unprocessed system disturbance in step S104, the response calculation unit 55 selects an unprocessed assumed disturbance in step S105, and the process of the central processing unit 5 returns to step S103.
- step S104 the process of the central processing unit 5 proceeds to step S106.
- step S106 the f change rate control parameter calculation unit 56 sets a relational expression between the supply shortage amount ⁇ P missmatch caused by the system disturbance and the f change rate from the system disturbance simulation result.
- the f change rate control parameter calculator 56 sets the f change rate control parameter based on the relational expression set in step S106.
- the f change rate control parameter includes the correspondence relationship between the active power output P DER_dfdt to be output from the distributed power source 7 to the power transmission and distribution system 1 and the f change rate, the output duration T out , and the output decrease time T decrease . .
- step S108 the communication unit 51 transmits the f change rate control parameter to the distributed power supply control device 6 via the communication network.
- the central processing unit 5 may repeat the processing of the flowchart shown in FIG. 9 at regular intervals.
- the implementation period is arbitrary, but considering that the start/stop plan for the large-scale power generator 2 is decided every 30 minutes, for example, it may be about 30 minutes.
- the current state of the power transmission and distribution system 1 can be reflected in the f change rate control parameter determined by the central processing unit 5 .
- the distributed power source control system 4 of the first embodiment includes a distributed power source control device 6 that controls the output power from the distributed power source 7 to the power transmission and distribution system 1, and a central processing unit that sets parameters used for control by the distributed power source control device 6. a device 5;
- the central processing unit 5 has a response calculation unit 55 that simulates the response of the power transmission and distribution system 1 when a disturbance occurs in the power transmission and distribution system 1, and the frequency change rate in the power transmission and distribution system 1 from the simulation result of the response calculation unit 55.
- the correspondence relationship between the f change rate and the active power supply shortage amount is obtained, and based on the correspondence relationship between the f change rate and the active power supply shortage amount in the power transmission and distribution system 1, the f change rate in the power transmission and distribution system 1 and the and an f change rate control parameter calculation unit 56 that calculates a correspondence relationship between the dispersed power sources 7 and the active power to be output to the power transmission and distribution system 1 as an f change rate control parameter.
- the distributed power supply control device 6 includes an f change rate measuring unit 604 that measures the f change rate of the own end, and an f A change rate control amount calculator 605 and a power converter 601 that controls the active power output from the distributed power sources to the power transmission and distribution system based on the active power control amount determined based on the f change rate control amount.
- the active power control amount is the f change rate control amount.
- Embodiment 2 > ⁇ B-1. Configuration>
- the power system of the second embodiment is the same as the power system of the first embodiment shown in FIG. , 6-4 are replaced with distributed power supply controllers 6A-1, 6A-2, 6A-3, and 6A-4.
- the distributed power source control devices 6A-1, 6A-2, 6A-3, and 6A-4 are collectively referred to as the distributed power source control device 6A.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the central processing unit 5A according to the second embodiment.
- the central processing unit 5A includes a ⁇ f control parameter calculation unit 57 in addition to the configuration of the central processing unit 5 of the first embodiment.
- the ⁇ f control parameter calculation unit 57 receives information such as the operating state of the large-scale generator 2 and the size of the load 3 received by the communication unit 51, and Based on the response, the active power P DER_ ⁇ f to be output by the distributed power sources 7 is set for each facility with respect to the deviation ⁇ f of the system frequency from the reference value.
- the relationship between ⁇ f and the active power P DER_ ⁇ f of the distributed power sources 7 is the parameter of the ⁇ f control performed by the distributed power source control device 6A (hereinafter referred to as " ⁇ control parameter"). Details of the ⁇ f control will be described later.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a distributed power supply control device 6A according to the second embodiment.
- the distributed power source control device 6A includes a ⁇ f measurement unit 607, a ⁇ f control amount calculation unit 608, a ⁇ f control parameter storage unit 609, and a cooperation unit 610 in addition to the configuration of the distributed power source control device 6 of the first embodiment.
- the ⁇ f measurement unit 607 calculates ⁇ f based on the measurement information of the voltage and current at the point where the distributed power supply control device 6A is installed, that is, at its own end.
- the ⁇ f control amount calculation unit 608 sets the active power P DER_ ⁇ f corresponding to ⁇ f measured by the ⁇ f measurement unit 607 in the ⁇ f control parameter stored in the ⁇ f control parameter storage unit 609 as the ⁇ f control amount P DER_ ⁇ f . Send P DER_ ⁇ f to the coordination unit 610 .
- the ⁇ f control parameter storage unit 609 stores the ⁇ f control parameters received from the communication unit 602 .
- Coordination section 610 calculates the active power control amount by coordinating the f change rate control amount calculated by f change rate control amount calculation section 605 and the f change rate control amount calculated by ⁇ f control amount calculation section 608 . and transmit to power converter 601 .
- the power converter 601 controls the active power output of the distributed power sources 7 to the active power control amount calculated by the coordinator 610 .
- the ⁇ f control performed in the distributed power source control device 6A will be described.
- the ⁇ f control is to control the active power output by the distributed power sources 7 according to ⁇ f at the end of the distributed power source control device 6A.
- FIG. 12 shows an example of ⁇ f control.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 12 indicates ⁇ f, and the vertical axis indicates the active power output P DER_ ⁇ f .
- the distributed power supply control device 6A decreases the active power P DER_ ⁇ f when ⁇ f is positive, that is, there is excess supply capacity, and increases the active power P DER_ ⁇ f when ⁇ f is negative, that is, there is insufficient supply capacity.
- a dead band for ⁇ f may be provided, and P DER_ ⁇ f may be 0 within the dead band.
- the change in P DER_ ⁇ f with respect to the change in ⁇ f may be linear.
- the change of P DER_ ⁇ f with respect to the change of ⁇ f is arbitrary, but for example, from the speed arbitration rate of the governor-free operation of the large-scale generator 2 or the frequency characteristics of the load 3, over-control and under-control do not occur, and hunting occurs. It is desirable that the
- FIG. 13 is an image diagram of cooperation of f change rate control and ⁇ f control by the cooperation unit 610 of the distributed power supply control device 6A. If the f change rate control amount P DER_dfdt and the ⁇ f control amount P DER_ ⁇ f have the same sign, the cooperation unit 610 outputs the larger absolute value as the active power control amount of the dispersed power sources 7 . Further, when the f change rate control amount P DER_dfdt and the ⁇ f control amount P DER_ ⁇ f have opposite signs, the cooperation unit 610 outputs the sum of both as the active power control amount of the dispersed power sources 7 . Alternatively, the coordination unit 610 may output the sum of the f change rate control amount P DER_dfdt and the ⁇ f control amount P DER_ ⁇ f as the active power control amount of the distributed power sources 7 regardless of the signs of the two.
- distributed power supply control that feeds back ⁇ f has the characteristic of being stable but slow in detecting disturbances.
- the f change rate control shown in FIG. 4 since the f change rate control amount is determined by pre-computation as described in Embodiment 1, measurement errors, unexpected disturbances, or simulation models and It is conceivable that the f change rate control amount may be excessive or insufficient due to differences in response from the actual system. Therefore, in the second embodiment, by combining f change rate control and ⁇ f control, it is possible to perform high-speed control by f change rate control and to correct the control amount by ⁇ f control. As a result, it is possible to prevent an increase in the rate of change of f, appropriately control ⁇ f, and contribute to an improvement in frequency stability.
- FIG. 14 is a flow chart showing the process of determining parameters for f change rate control and ⁇ f control by the central processing unit 5A.
- the flow of FIG. 14 is obtained by adding step S121 between steps S107 and S108 in the flow of FIG. 9 showing the parameter determination processing for f change rate control by the central processing unit 5 of the first embodiment.
- the f change rate control parameter calculator 56 sets parameters for f change rate control.
- the ⁇ f control parameter calculator 57 sets parameters for ⁇ f control.
- the communication unit 51 transmits the parameters of the f change rate control and the ⁇ f control to the distributed power supply control device 6A via the communication network.
- the central processing unit 5A determines the correspondence between ⁇ f, which is the deviation of the frequency in the power transmission/distribution system 1 from the reference frequency, and the active power to be output from the distributed power supply 7 to the power transmission/distribution system 1.
- a ⁇ f control parameter calculator 57 is provided to calculate the relationship as a ⁇ f control parameter.
- the distributed power supply control device 6A includes a ⁇ f control amount calculation unit 608 that calculates, in the f change rate control parameter, the supply shortage amount of active power corresponding to the f change rate of the own end as the ⁇ f control amount.
- the active power control amount is determined based on the f change rate control amount and the ⁇ f control amount.
- the distributed power source control device 6A can perform distributed power source control at high speed by f change rate control and correct the control amount by ⁇ f control. As a result, the frequency stability of the power transmission and distribution system 1 is improved, contributing to avoidance of large-scale blackouts.
- Embodiment 3 ⁇ C-1. Configuration>
- the power system of the third embodiment is the same as the power system of the first embodiment shown in FIG. , 6-4 are replaced with distributed power supply controllers 6B-1, 6B-2, 6B-3, and 6B-4.
- the distributed power source control devices 6B-1, 6B-2, 6B-3, and 6B-4 will be collectively referred to as the distributed power source control device 6B.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the central processing unit 5B according to the third embodiment.
- the central processing unit 5B includes a correction control amount calculation unit 58 in addition to the configuration of the central processing unit 5 of the first embodiment.
- the communication unit 51 receives information about the system disturbance, that is, system disturbance information, from the measuring device 8.
- FIG. The correction control amount calculation unit 58 calculates the supply shortage amount ⁇ P missmatch based on the system disturbance information received by the communication unit 51 . After that, the correction control amount calculator 58 calculates the correction control amount P DER_COR for each distributed power source control device 6B. The correction control amount P DER_COR calculated by the correction control amount calculation unit 58 is output by the communication unit 51 to the distributed power source control device 6B.
- the method for determining the correction control amount P DER_COR is the same as the method for determining the parameter P DER_dfdt of the f change rate control described in the first embodiment. That is, (1) a method of equally distributing the supply shortage amount ⁇ P missmatch among all distributed power supply control devices 6B, (2) a method of distributing the supply shortage amount ⁇ P missmatch according to the rated capacity ratio of the distributed power supply control devices 6B, ( 3) A method of allocating the supply shortage amount ⁇ P missmatch according to the ratio of the free capacity of the active power output of the distributed power supply control device 6B.
- FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing an example of a distributed power source control device 6B according to the third embodiment.
- the distributed power source control device 6B includes a cooperation unit 610 and a correction control amount setting unit 611 in addition to the configuration of the distributed power source control device 6 of the first embodiment.
- the cooperation unit 610 of the distributed power supply control device 6B is the same as the cooperation unit 610 of the distributed power supply control device 6A of the second embodiment.
- the correction control amount setting unit 611 stores the correction control amount ⁇ P DER_COR received by the communication unit 602 from the central processing unit 5B, and transmits the correction control amount ⁇ P DER_COR to the cooperation unit 610 .
- the coordination unit 610 coordinates the control amount ⁇ P DER_dfdt of the f change rate control calculated by the f change rate control amount calculation unit 605 and the control amount ⁇ P DER_COR of the correction control received from the correction control amount setting unit 611, An active power command value, which is a target value of active power to be output by distributed power sources 7 , is calculated, and the active power command value is transmitted to power converter 601 .
- the control amount ⁇ P DER_COR of the correction control maintains a constant value for a certain period of time and then decreases.
- the time during which ⁇ P DER_COR maintains a constant value is arbitrary. It is considered that the distributed power supply control device 6B should output until the output of the large-scale power generator 2 increases sufficiently, and the output duration may be several minutes.
- FIG. 17 is an image diagram of cooperation of f change rate control and correction control by the cooperation unit 610 of the distributed power supply control device 6B.
- the cooperation unit 610 takes the larger absolute value as the active power command value for the distributed power sources 7 .
- the coordinating unit 610 sets the sum of both as the active power command value for the distributed power sources 7 .
- the cooperation unit 610 may set the sum of the control amount ⁇ P DER_dfdt of the f change rate control and the control amount ⁇ P DER_COR of the correction control as the active power command value of the distributed power sources 7 to the distributed power sources 7 regardless of the signs of the control amount ⁇ P DER_dfdt and the correction control. .
- the central processing unit 5B detects a system disturbance, determines the control amount of the distributed power supply control device 6B, and transmits the control amount from the central processing unit 5B to the distributed power supply control device 6B via a communication network
- high-speed In order to perform control, it is necessary to use a very expensive and high-speed communication network.
- the f change rate control amount since the f change rate control amount is determined by pre-computation as described in Embodiment 1, measurement errors, occurrence of unexpected disturbances, or differences in response between the simulation model and the actual system For example, the f change rate control amount may be excessive or insufficient.
- Embodiment 3 by combining f change rate control and correction control that can be realized using a relatively slow communication network, high-speed control is performed by f change rate control, while control is performed by correction control. Amount corrections can be made. As a result, it contributes to the improvement of frequency stability.
- FIG. 18 is a flow chart showing the correction control parameter determination process by the central processing unit 5B.
- step S201 when a system disturbance occurs in the power transmission and distribution system 1, the communication unit 51 receives the measurement information of the power transmission and distribution system 1 measured by the measuring device 8 via the communication network.
- step S ⁇ b>202 the correction control amount calculation unit 58 calculates the supply shortage amount ⁇ P missmatch that has occurred in the power transmission and distribution system 1 .
- step S203 the correction control amount calculator 58b determines the correction control amount P DER_COR for each distributed power source control device 6B based on the supply shortage amount ⁇ P missmatch .
- step S204 the communication unit 51 transmits the correction control amount P DER_COR to the distributed power source control device 6B via the communication network.
- the central processing unit 5B calculates the active power supply shortage amount ⁇ P missmatch that occurred in the power transmission and distribution system 1 when a disturbance occurred, and the amount of active power that occurred in the power transmission and distribution system 1
- a correction control amount calculation unit 58 is provided for calculating the active power to be output from the distributed power source 7 to the power transmission and distribution system 1 as a correction control amount based on the supply shortage amount.
- the active power control amount is determined based on the f change rate control amount and the correction control amount.
- the distributed power source control device 6B detects the f change rate at its own end at high speed and performs f change rate control for performing active power control,
- the f change rate control amount can be corrected by the correction control amount. This improves the frequency stability of the power transmission and distribution system 1 and contributes to the avoidance of large-scale blackouts.
- the load 3 of the power system has voltage characteristics. That is, the power consumption of the load 3 increases as the voltage increases, and the power consumption decreases as the voltage decreases.
- the reactive power of the distributed power supply 7 it is possible to increase or decrease the voltage of the load 3, change the power consumption of the load 3, and contribute to the improvement of frequency stability.
- the distributed power source 7 has a low active power control capability, for example, a PV without a power storage device, a wind power generation system, a storage battery system with no charging power amount or charging free capacity, etc.
- a low active power control capability for example, a PV without a power storage device, a wind power generation system, a storage battery system with no charging power amount or charging free capacity, etc.
- the power system of the fourth embodiment includes a central processing unit 5C instead of the central processing unit 5 in the power system of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 6C-1, 6C-2, 6C-3, and 6C-4 in place of -3 and 6-4.
- the distributed power source control devices 6C-1, 6C-2, 6C-3, and 6C-4 are collectively referred to as the distributed power source control device 6C.
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the central processing unit 5C according to the fourth embodiment.
- the central processing unit 5C includes an f rate of change reactive power control parameter calculation unit 59 in addition to the configuration of the central processing unit 5 of the first embodiment.
- the f change rate reactive power control parameter calculation unit 59 performs power transmission and distribution based on the relationship between the f change rate and the active power supply shortage amount ⁇ P missmatch when the system disturbance occurs, which is calculated by the f change rate control parameter calculation unit 56.
- the distributed power supply controller 6C calculates the reactive power ⁇ Q DER_dfdt to be output to the power transmission/distribution system 1 for each facility.
- the f change rate reactive power control parameter calculation unit 59 sets the relational expression between the f change rate and the reactive power ⁇ Q DER_dfdt , and uses this as a parameter of the f change rate reactive power control performed by the distributed power supply control device 6C. do.
- the details of the f change rate reactive power control will be described later.
- FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing an example of a distributed power source control device 6C according to the fourth embodiment.
- the distributed power source control device 6C includes an f change rate reactive power control amount calculation unit 612 and an f change rate reactive power control parameter storage unit 613 in addition to the configuration of the distributed power source control device 6 of the first embodiment.
- the f change rate reactive power control amount calculation unit 612 calculates the f change rate measured by the f change rate measurement unit 604 and the f change rate reactive power control parameter stored in the f change rate reactive power control parameter storage unit 613.
- the distributed power supply controller 6C calculates the reactive power ⁇ Q DER_dfdt to be output to the power transmission and distribution system 1, and transmits the calculated value to the power converter 601 as the f change rate reactive power control amount.
- the power converter 601 converts the output power of the distributed power supply 71 and controls the reactive power thereof to the f change rate reactive power control amount ⁇ Q DER_dfdt .
- the f change rate reactive power control parameter storage unit 613 stores the f change rate reactive power control parameter received by the communication unit 602 from the central processing unit 5C.
- FIG. 21 shows an example of the time change of the system frequency when system disturbance occurs in the power transmission/distribution system 1 .
- the dashed line indicates the case without control by the distributed power source control device 6, and the solid line indicates the case with control by the distributed power source control device 6.
- the dashed line indicates the case without control by the distributed power source control device 6
- the solid line indicates the case with control by the distributed power source control device 6.
- FIG. 22 shows an example of temporal change in reactive power output in the distributed power supply 7 due to the f change rate reactive power control performed by the distributed power supply controller 6 when a system disturbance occurs in the power transmission and distribution system 1 .
- the horizontal axes in FIGS. 21 and 22 indicate time.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 21 indicates system frequency, and the vertical axis in FIG. 22 indicates reactive power output.
- the distributed power supply control device 6C measures a sharp frequency change when a disturbance occurs, and sharply reduces the reactive power output to Q DER_dfdt . Further, the distributed power supply controller 6C continues to output the reactive power output at Q DER_dfdt for a certain period of time T out and then decreases it over a certain period of time T decrease .
- the reactive power output QDER_dfdt , the output duration Tout , and the output decrease time Tdecrease are parameters of f-rate reactive power control (hereinafter referred to as "f-rate reactive power control parameters").
- FIG. 23 shows an example of the f rate of change reactive power control parameter.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 23 indicates the rate of change of f, and the vertical axis indicates the reactive power Q DER_dfdt to be output from the distributed power source 7 to the power transmission/distribution system 1 .
- the reactive power Q DER_dfdt to be output from the distributed power source 7 to the power transmission and distribution system 1 is defined as a function of the f change rate.
- the relationship between the reactive power Q DER_dfdt to be output from the distributed power sources 7 to the power transmission and distribution system 1 and the f change rate is preferably the same as the relationship between the supply shortage amount ⁇ P missmatch and the f change rate.
- the f change rate reactive power control parameter calculator 59 determines a parameter Q DER_dfdt for f change rate reactive power control for each distributed power supply controller 6C based on an approximate relational expression between the supply shortage amount ⁇ P missmatch and the f change rate.
- the f change rate reactive power control parameter calculator 59 calculates the load power change sensitivity for reactive power control using one of the methods described below.
- the first is a simulation-based method. That is, a simulation is performed in which the reactive power output is changed by a certain amount for each distributed power supply controller 6C, and the change in the active power of the load 3 at that time is calculated.
- the second is a method using a voltage sensitivity matrix.
- the active power and reactive power flowing into a node in the power system are represented by the node voltage and the system admittance, and this equation is called the power flow equation.
- the inverse matrix of the matrix (Jacobian matrix) created by partially differentiating the power flow equation of each node with respect to the voltage magnitude and phase angle of each node is the node is called the voltage sensitivity matrix.
- the f change rate reactive power control parameter calculation unit 59 determines the active power control amount handled by the distributed power supply control device 6C, and then calculates the f change rate reactive power control parameter based on the relationship between the reactive power output and the active power change of the load 3. Determine the power control parameter Q DER_dfdt .
- Methods for determining the amount of active power controlled by the distributed power source control device 6C include, for example, (1) a method of equally distributing the supply shortage amount ⁇ P missmatch among all distributed power source control devices 6C, and (2) a method of distributing the supply shortage amount ⁇ P missmatch . There are a method of allocating according to the rated capacity ratio of the distributed power supply controller 6C, and a method of allocating (3) the supply shortage amount ⁇ P missmatch according to the ratio of the available capacity of the active power output of the distributed power supply controller 6C.
- the central processing unit 5 ⁇ /b>C determines the f change rate control parameter P DER_dfdt and the f change rate reactive power control parameter Q DER_dfdt as described above, and transmits them from the communication unit 51 to each distributed power source control device 6 .
- the output continuation time T out and the output decrease time T decrease are also parameters of the f change rate control and the f change rate reactive power control, but these two parameters do not necessarily need to be changed according to the magnitude of the system disturbance. . That is, the output continuation time T out and the output decrease time T decrease may be constant values without being changed according to the detected rate of change of f.
- the output continuation time T out and the output decrease time T decrease may be set to different values in the f change rate control and the f change rate reactive power control.
- the output continuation time T out in f change rate reactive power control may be set to several seconds, and the output decrease time T decrease may be set to a sufficiently small value.
- Distributed power supply control device 6C receives f change rate control parameter and f change rate reactive power control parameter determined by central processing unit 5C as described above in communication unit 602, and stores f change rate control parameter storage unit 606 and f change rate control parameter storage unit 606, respectively. Stored in the f change rate reactive power control parameter storage unit 613 .
- the distributed power source control device 6C detects a steep frequency change in the f change rate measurement unit 604. FIG. Then, based on the f change rate control parameter stored in the f change rate control parameter storage unit 606, the distributed power source control device 6C calculates the active power output P DER_dfdt of the distributed power sources 7 in the f change rate control amount calculation unit 605. .
- the distributed power source control device 6C calculates the reactive power of the distributed power sources 7 in the f change rate reactive power control amount calculation unit 612. Compute the output Q DER_dfdt . Then, the power converter 601 continues the active power output or the reactive power output at P DER_dfdt for the output duration time T out , and then performs control to decrease to 0 over the output decrease time T decrease . Note that the distributed power supply control device 6C gives priority to controlling the active power output when the distributed power supply 7 has the active power control capability, and controls the reactive power output when the distributed power supply 7c does not have the active power control capability. may take precedence.
- FIG. 24 is a flowchart showing the process of determining the f change rate control parameter and the f change rate reactive power control parameter by the central processing unit 5C.
- the flowchart of FIG. 24 is the flowchart showing the parameter determination process of the f change rate control by the central processing unit 5 of Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. Step S132 is added between S107 and S108.
- step S106 the f change rate control parameter calculation unit 56 sets a relational expression between the supply shortage amount ⁇ P missmatch caused by the disturbance and the f change rate calculated with respect to the supply shortage amount ⁇ P missmatch from the system disturbance simulation result.
- step S131 the f change rate reactive power control parameter calculator 59 calculates the amount of change in the active power of the load 3 when the distributed power source control device 6C performs reactive power control by the method described above.
- step S107 the f change rate control parameter calculation unit 56 calculates the active power output P DER_dfdt , the output duration T out , and the output decrease time T, which are the f change rate control parameters, based on the relational expression set in step S106. Set decline .
- the f change rate reactive power control parameter calculator 59 sets the f change rate reactive power control parameter using the method described above.
- the f change rate reactive power control parameter is the correspondence relationship between the reactive power to be output from the distributed power source 7 to the power transmission and distribution system 1 and the f change rate in the power transmission and distribution system 1, the output duration T out , and the output decrease time T decrease . include.
- the state of the power transmission and distribution system 1, for example, the operating state of the large-scale generator 2, the size of the load 3, the voltage/power flow state, etc., the assumed accident of the power system and the determined f change rate control parameter and f change rate invalid Power control parameters vary. Therefore, the central processing unit 5C may repeat the processing of the flowchart of FIG. 24 at regular intervals. Although the implementation cycle is arbitrary, it may be about 30 minutes in view of the fact that the start/stop plan for the large-scale power generator 2 is decided every 30 minutes. As a result, the current state of the power transmission and distribution system 1 can be reflected in the f change rate control parameter and the f change rate reactive power control parameter.
- the central processing unit 5C calculates the f change rate in the power transmission and distribution system 1 and the An f change rate reactive power control parameter calculation unit 59 is provided for calculating a correspondence relationship between the distributed power source 7 and the reactive power to be output to the power transmission and distribution system 1 as an f change rate reactive power control parameter.
- the distributed power supply control device 6C includes an f change rate reactive power control amount calculation unit 612 that sets the reactive power corresponding to the f change rate of the own end in the f change rate reactive power control parameter as the f change rate reactive power control amount.
- the power converter 601 controls the active power output from the distributed power source 7 to the power transmission and distribution system based on the f change rate reactive power control amount.
- the distributed power source control device 6C controls the reactive power of the distributed power source 7. This can contribute to improving the frequency stability of the distribution system 1 .
- the above-described central processing units 5, 5A, 5B, 5C and distributed power source control units 6, 6A, 6B, 6C are implemented by a processing circuit 81 shown in FIG. That is, the processing circuit 81 includes the components of the central processing units 5, 5A, 5B, 5C and distributed power supply control units 6, 6A, 6B, 6C.
- Dedicated hardware may be applied to the processing circuit 81, or a processor that executes a program stored in a memory may be applied.
- a processor is, for example, a central processing unit, a processing unit, an arithmetic unit, a microprocessor, a microcomputer, a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), or the like.
- the processing circuit 81 may be, for example, a single circuit, a composite circuit, a programmed processor, a parallel programmed processor, an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), or a combination thereof.
- ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
- FPGA Field-Programmable Gate Array
- the processing circuit 81 When the processing circuit 81 is a processor, the function of each component of the central processing units 5, 5A, 5B, 5C and the distributed power supply controllers 6, 6A, 6B, 6C is software, etc. (software, firmware, or software and firmware). It is realized by a combination of Software or the like is written as a program and stored in memory. As shown in FIG. 26, a processor 82 applied to a processing circuit 81 reads out and executes a program stored in a memory 83 to realize functions of each section. Communication units 51 of central processing units 5, 5A, 5B, and 5C and communication units 602 of distributed power supply control units 6, 6A, 6B, and 6C are realized by communication I/F 84. FIG.
- central processing units 5, 5A, 5B, 5C and distributed power source control devices 6, 6A, 6B, 6C are executed by processing circuit 81, central processing units 5, 5A, 5B, 5C and distributed power source control A memory 83 is provided for storing the program resulting in the execution of each process of the devices 6, 6A, 6B, 6C.
- this program can be said to cause the computer to execute each process of the central processing units 5, 5A, 5B, 5C and distributed power supply control units 6, 6A, 6B, 6C.
- the memory 83 is, for example, RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Non-volatile or Volatile semiconductor memory, HDD (Hard Disk Drive), magnetic disk, flexible disk, optical disk, compact disk, mini disk, DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) and its drive device, etc., or any storage medium that will be used in the future may
- the processing circuit 81 can implement each of the functions described above by means of hardware, software, etc., or a combination thereof.
- Storage unit 52 , f change rate control parameter storage unit 606 , ⁇ f control parameter storage unit 609 , and f change rate reactive power control parameter storage unit 613 are configured from memory 83 .
- 1 Transmission and distribution system 2 large-scale generator, 3 load, 4 distributed power supply control system, 5, 5A, 5B, 5C central processing unit, 6, 6A, 6B, 6C distributed power supply control device, 7 distributed power supply, 8 measurement device , 51 communication unit, 52 storage unit, 53 information setting unit, 54 disturbance setting unit, 55 response calculation unit, 56 f change rate control parameter calculation unit, 57 ⁇ f control parameter calculation unit, 58 correction control amount calculation unit, 58b correction control Quantity calculation unit 59 f change rate reactive power control parameter calculation unit 81 processing circuit 82 processor 83 memory 84 communication I/F 601 power converter 602 communication unit 603 operation state measurement unit 604 f change rate Measurement unit 605 f change rate control amount calculation unit 606 f change rate control parameter storage unit 607 ⁇ f measurement unit 608 ⁇ f control amount calculation unit 609 ⁇ f control parameter storage unit 610 cooperation unit 611 correction control amount setting unit , 612 f change rate reactive power control amount calculation unit, 613 f change rate reactive power control parameter storage unit.
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Abstract
Description
<A-1.構成>
図1は、実施の形態1に係る電力系統の構成を示している。電力系統は、送配電系統1、大規模発電機2-1,2-2,2-3、負荷3-1,3-2,3-3、分散電源制御システム4、分散電源7-1,7-2,7-3,7-4、および計測装置8を備えて構成される。分散電源制御システム4は、中央演算装置5および分散電源制御装置6-1,6-2,6-3,6-4を備えて構成される。
図4は、送配電系統1に系統擾乱が発生した場合の系統周波数の時間変化の一例を示している。図4において破線は分散電源制御装置6による制御なしの場合を示し、実線は分散電源制御装置6による制御ありの場合を示している。
実施の形態1の分散電源制御システム4は、分散電源7から送配電系統1への出力電力を制御する分散電源制御装置6と、分散電源制御装置6による制御に用いられるパラメータを設定する中央演算装置5と、を備える。中央演算装置5は、送配電系統1に擾乱が発生した際の送配電系統1の応動をシミュレーションする応動演算部55と、応動演算部55のシミュレーション結果から送配電系統1における周波数変化率であるf変化率と有効電力の供給力不足量との対応関係を求め、送配電系統1におけるf変化率と有効電力の供給力不足量との対応関係に基づき、送配電系統1におけるf変化率と分散電源7から送配電系統1へ出力すべき有効電力との対応関係をf変化率制御パラメータとして算出するf変化率制御パラメータ演算部56と、を備える。分散電源制御装置6は、自端のf変化率を計測するf変化率計測部604と、f変化率制御パラメータにおいて自端のf変化率に対応する有効電力をf変化率制御量とするf変化率制御量演算部605と、f変化率制御量に基づき定められた有効電力制御量に基づき、分散電源から送配電系統に出力される有効電力を制御する電力変換器601と、を備える。実施の形態1において、有効電力制御量はf変化率制御量である。以上の構成により、分散電源制御装置6は、f変化率に基づき擾乱を高速に検出し、分散電源7の有効電力を安定的に制御することができる。従って、分散電源制御システム4によれば、高速な通信ネットワークを用いることなく、送配電系統1の周波数安定性を向上させ、大規模停電を抑制することができる。
<B-1.構成>
実施の形態2の電力系統は、図1に示される実施の形態1の電力系統において、中央演算装置5に代えて中央演算装置5A、分散電源制御装置6-1,6-2,6-3,6-4に代えて分散電源制御装置6A-1,6A-2,6A-3,6A-4を備えたものである。以下、分散電源制御装置6A-1,6A-2,6A-3,6A-4を区別せず総称する場合に分散電源制御装置6Aと称する。
分散電源制御装置6Aにおいて行われるΔf制御について説明する。Δf制御とは、分散電源制御装置6Aの自端におけるΔfに応じて分散電源7が出力する有効電力を制御することである。図12は、Δf制御の一例を示している。図12の横軸はΔf、縦軸は有効電力出力PDER_Δfを示している。分散電源制御装置6Aは、Δfが正、すなわち供給力過剰の場合に有効電力PDER_Δfを減少させ、Δfが負、すなわち供給力不足の場合に有効電力PDER_Δfを増加させる。分散電源制御装置6Aが小さなΔfに対して過剰に有効電力PDER_Δfを変動しないようにするため、Δfに対する不感帯が設けられ、不感帯内でPDER_Δfが0であってもよい。Δfの変化に対するPDER_Δfの変化は線形であってもよい。Δfの変化に対するPDER_Δfの変化は任意であるが、例えば、大規模発電機2のガバナフリー運転の速度調停率または負荷3の周波数特性などから、過制御および不足制御とならず、ハンチングが生じないように定められることが望ましい。
実施の形態2の分散電源制御システム4において、中央演算装置5Aは、送配電系統1における周波数の基準周波数に対する偏差であるΔfと分散電源7から送配電系統1へ出力すべき有効電力との対応関係をΔf制御パラメータとして算出するΔf制御パラメータ演算部57を備える。分散電源制御装置6Aは、f変化率制御パラメータにおいて、自端のf変化率に対応する有効電力の供給不足量をΔf制御量として算出するΔf制御量演算部608を備える。有効電力制御量は、f変化率制御量とΔf制御量とに基づき定められる。以上の構成により、分散電源制御装置6Aは、f変化率制御により分散電源制御を高速に行いつつ、Δf制御により制御量の補正を行うことができる。その結果、送配電系統1の周波数安定性が向上し、大規模停電の回避に寄与する。
<C-1.構成>
実施の形態3の電力系統は、図1に示される実施の形態1の電力系統において、中央演算装置5に代えて中央演算装置5B、分散電源制御装置6-1,6-2,6-3,6-4に代えて分散電源制御装置6B-1,6B-2,6B-3,6B-4を備えたものである。以下、分散電源制御装置6B-1,6B-2,6B-3,6B-4を区別せず総称する場合に分散電源制御装置6Bと称する。
図17は、分散電源制御装置6Bの協調部610によるf変化率制御および補正制御の協調のイメージ図である。協調部610は、f変化率制御の制御量ΔPDER_dfdtと補正制御の制御量ΔPDER_CORとが同符号の場合、絶対値が大きい方を分散電源7への有効電力指令値とする。また、協調部610は、f変化率制御の制御量ΔPDER_dfdtと補正制御の制御量ΔPDER_CORとが異符号の場合、両者の和を分散電源7への有効電力指令値とする。あるいは、協調部610は、f変化率制御の制御量ΔPDER_dfdtおよび補正制御の制御量ΔPDER_CORの符号に関わらず、両者の和を分散電源7の分散電源7への有効電力指令値としてもよい。
実施の形態3の分散電源制御システム4において、中央演算装置5Bは、擾乱発生時に送配電系統1に生じた有効電力の供給不足量ΔPmissmatchを算出し、送配電系統1に生じた有効電力の供給不足量に基づき、分散電源7が送配電系統1へ出力すべき有効電力を補正制御量として算出する補正制御量演算部58を備える。有効電力制御量は、f変化率制御量と補正制御量とに基づき定められる。以上の構成により、実施の形態3の分散電源制御システム4において、分散電源制御装置6Bは、自端でf変化率を高速に検出して有効電力制御を実施するf変化率制御を行いつつ、f変化率制御量を補正制御量によって補正することができる。これにより、送配電系統1の周波数安定性が向上し、大規模停電の回避に寄与する。
<D-1.構成>
電力系統の系統周波数は有効電力の需給バランスが崩れることによって変動する。そのため、有効電力を制御することにより系統周波数を制御することが一般的である。
図21は、送配電系統1に系統擾乱が発生した場合の系統周波数の時間変化の一例を示している。図21において破線は分散電源制御装置6による制御なしの場合を示し、実線は分散電源制御装置6による制御ありの場合を示している。
実施の形態4の分散電源制御システム4において、中央演算装置5Cは、送配電系統1におけるf変化率と有効電力の供給力不足量との対応関係に基づき、送配電系統1におけるf変化率と分散電源7から送配電系統1へ出力すべき無効電力との対応関係をf変化率無効電力制御パラメータとして算出するf変化率無効電力制御パラメータ演算部59を備える。分散電源制御装置6Cは、f変化率無効電力制御パラメータにおいて自端のf変化率に対応する無効電力をf変化率無効電力制御量とするf変化率無効電力制御量演算部612を備える。電力変換器601は、f変化率無効電力制御量に基づき、分散電源7から送配電系統に出力される有効電力を制御する。以上の構成により、実施の形態4の分散電源制御システム4では、分散電源制御装置6Cが分散電源7の無効電力を制御するため、有効電力の制御能力のない分散電源7であっても、送配電系統1の周波数安定性の向上に寄与することができる。
上述した中央演算装置5,5A,5B,5Cおよび分散電源制御装置6,6A,6B,6Cは、図25に示す処理回路81により実現される。すなわち、処理回路81は、中央演算装置5,5A,5B,5Cおよび分散電源制御装置6,6A,6B,6Cの各構成要素を備える。処理回路81には、専用のハードウェアが適用されても良いし、メモリに格納されるプログラムを実行するプロセッサが適用されても良い。プロセッサは、例えば中央処理装置、処理装置、演算装置、マイクロプロセッサ、マイクロコンピュータ、DSP(Digital Signal Processor)等である。
Claims (12)
- 分散電源から送配電系統への出力電力を制御する分散電源制御装置と、
前記分散電源制御装置による制御に用いられるパラメータを設定する中央演算装置と、を備え、
前記中央演算装置は、
前記送配電系統に擾乱が発生した際の前記送配電系統の応動をシミュレーションする応動演算部と、
前記応動演算部のシミュレーション結果から前記送配電系統における周波数変化率であるf変化率と有効電力の供給力不足量との対応関係を求め、前記送配電系統におけるf変化率と有効電力の供給力不足量との対応関係に基づき、前記送配電系統におけるf変化率と前記分散電源から前記送配電系統へ出力すべき有効電力との対応関係をf変化率制御パラメータとして算出するf変化率制御パラメータ演算部と、を備え、
前記分散電源制御装置は、
自端のf変化率を計測するf変化率計測部と、
前記f変化率制御パラメータにおいて前記自端のf変化率に対応する有効電力をf変化率制御量とするf変化率制御量演算部と、
前記f変化率制御量に基づき定められた有効電力制御量に基づき、前記分散電源から前記送配電系統に出力される有効電力を制御する電力変換器と、を備える、
分散電源制御システム。 - 前記応動演算部は、複数ケースの擾乱について前記送配電系統の応動をシミュレーションし、
前記f変化率制御量演算部は、前記送配電系統におけるf変化率と有効電力の供給力不足量との対応関係を近似関係式で表す、
請求項1に記載の分散電源制御システム。 - 前記電力変換器は、前記送配電系統の擾乱発生時に、前記分散電源から前記送配電系統に出力される有効電力を、一定時間前記有効電力制御量とし、その後、一定時間をかけて減少させる、
請求項1または請求項2に記載の分散電源制御システム。 - 前記中央演算装置は、
前記送配電系統における周波数の基準周波数に対する偏差であるΔfと前記分散電源から前記送配電系統へ出力すべき有効電力との対応関係をΔf制御パラメータとして算出するΔf制御パラメータ演算部を備え、
前記分散電源制御装置は、
前記f変化率制御パラメータにおいて、前記自端のf変化率に対応する有効電力の供給不足量をΔf制御量として算出するΔf制御量演算部を備え、
前記有効電力制御量は、前記f変化率制御量と前記Δf制御量とに基づき定められる、
請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の分散電源制御システム。 - 前記有効電力制御量は、前記f変化率制御量と前記Δf制御量とが同符号である場合に、前記f変化率制御量と前記Δf制御量とのうち絶対値が大きい方であり、前記f変化率制御量と前記Δf制御量とが異符号である場合に、前記f変化率制御量と前記Δf制御量との和である、
請求項4に記載の分散電源制御システム。 - 前記中央演算装置は、
擾乱発生時に前記送配電系統に生じた有効電力の供給不足量を算出し、前記送配電系統に生じた有効電力の供給不足量に基づき、前記分散電源が前記送配電系統へ出力すべき有効電力を補正制御量として算出する補正制御量演算部を備え、
前記有効電力制御量は、前記f変化率制御量と前記補正制御量とに基づき定められる、
請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の分散電源制御システム。 - 前記有効電力制御量は、前記f変化率制御量と前記補正制御量とが同符号である場合に、前記f変化率制御量と前記補正制御量とのうち絶対値が大きい方であり、前記f変化率制御量と前記補正制御量とが異符号である場合に、前記f変化率制御量と前記補正制御量との和である、
請求項6に記載の分散電源制御システム。 - 前記中央演算装置は、
前記送配電系統におけるf変化率と有効電力の供給力不足量との対応関係に基づき、前記送配電系統におけるf変化率と前記分散電源から前記送配電系統へ出力すべき無効電力との対応関係をf変化率無効電力制御パラメータとして算出するf変化率無効電力制御パラメータ演算部を備え、
前記分散電源制御装置は、
前記f変化率無効電力制御パラメータにおいて前記自端のf変化率に対応する無効電力をf変化率無効電力制御量とするf変化率無効電力制御量演算部を備え、
前記電力変換器は、前記f変化率無効電力制御量に基づき、前記分散電源から前記送配電系統に出力される有効電力を制御する、
請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の分散電源制御システム。 - 前記f変化率無効電力制御パラメータ演算部は、前記送配電系統におけるf変化率と有効電力の供給力不足量との対応関係と、前記分散電源の無効電力の変化に応じて前記送配電系統の負荷有効電力がどの程度変化するかを表す負荷電力変化感度とに基づき、前記f変化率無効電力制御パラメータを算出する、
請求項8に記載の分散電源制御システム。 - 前記f変化率無効電力制御パラメータ演算部は、前記分散電源の無効電力出力を変化させたときの前記負荷有効電力の変化をシミュレーションすることにより前記負荷電力変化感度を算出する、
請求項9に記載の分散電源制御システム。 - 前記f変化率無効電力制御パラメータ演算部は、電力潮流方程式のJacobian行列の逆行列を用いて前記負荷電力変化感度を算出する、
請求項9に記載の分散電源制御システム。 - 前記電力変換器は、前記送配電系統の擾乱発生時に、前記分散電源から前記送配電系統に出力される無効電力を、一定時間前記f変化率無効電力制御量とし、その後、一定時間をかけて減少させる、
請求項8から請求項11のいずれか1項に記載の分散電源制御システム。
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