WO2023142340A1 - 一种极片及具备其的二次电池 - Google Patents

一种极片及具备其的二次电池 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023142340A1
WO2023142340A1 PCT/CN2022/099280 CN2022099280W WO2023142340A1 WO 2023142340 A1 WO2023142340 A1 WO 2023142340A1 CN 2022099280 W CN2022099280 W CN 2022099280W WO 2023142340 A1 WO2023142340 A1 WO 2023142340A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pole piece
insulating
insulating portion
tab
present application
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2022/099280
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
唐怀超
李婷
彭龙庆
牛少军
金海族
欧阳明高
吴凯
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to EP22908815.8A priority Critical patent/EP4273953A1/en
Publication of WO2023142340A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023142340A1/zh
Priority to US18/471,332 priority patent/US20240021782A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/534—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the material of the leads or tabs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/586—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries inside the batteries, e.g. incorrect connections of electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H01M50/593—Spacers; Insulating plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a pole piece and a secondary battery equipped with it, as well as a battery module, a battery pack and an electrical device.
  • lithium-ion batteries With the development of electronic and intelligent equipment, people's demand for secondary energy storage batteries, especially lithium-ion batteries with high energy density, is becoming more and more urgent. Taking lithium-ion batteries as an example, the gradual increase in energy density is often accompanied by increased safety hazards. For example, contact between pole pieces of different polarities inside the battery is easy to cause short circuit due to contact, which increases the probability of short circuit inside the battery, which in turn increases the probability of fire and other safety problems.
  • the present application was made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a pole piece, a secondary battery including the same, a battery module, a battery pack, and an electric device.
  • the pole piece has good end surface insulation protection and can improve the safety performance of the secondary battery.
  • the first aspect of the present application is to provide a pole piece, which includes a current collector and an active material layer, the current collector includes a main body and tabs, the active material layer is coated on the surface of the main body, and the tabs from The main body extends along one end of the first direction; the end surface of the main body provided with the tab is formed with a first insulating part, and the end surface of the main body not provided with a tab is formed with a second insulating part.
  • the probability of an internal short circuit caused by the end surface directly contacting the electrode of the opposite polarity increases.
  • the surface of the main body near the end of the tab is coated with a third insulating portion along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and the third insulating portion is in contact with the first insulating portion.
  • the third insulating part is made of the same material as the first insulating part, and is integrally formed. Thereby, the first insulating portion can be easily formed.
  • the surface of the tab close to the main body is coated with the third insulating part, and the end surface of the tab connected to the third insulating part is provided with the first insulating part.
  • the first insulating part comprises polymer
  • the melting point of the polymer is 80°C to 300°C.
  • the first insulating portion includes a polymer selected from at least one of polyolefins.
  • the first insulating part and the third insulating part include polymer and ceramics, the polymer is at least one selected from polyolefins, and the mass ratio of the polymer to the ceramic is 26:74 or more.
  • the first insulating portion is formed by laser processing the third insulating portion. Through laser processing, the insulating portion can be melted and re-solidified to form the first insulating portion covering the end surface, thereby enabling easy formation of the first insulating portion and further enhancing safety.
  • the first insulating part is an insulating coating layer formed on the end surface during the processing of the tab.
  • the third insulating part can be melted and resolidified on the end face of the cut to form the first insulating part covering the end face, Thereby, the first insulating portion can be easily formed, and safety is further enhanced.
  • the second aspect of the present application is to provide a secondary battery, which includes the pole piece according to the first aspect of the present application.
  • a third aspect of the present application is to provide a battery module including the secondary battery according to the second aspect of the present application.
  • a fourth aspect of the present application is to provide a battery pack, which includes the battery module according to the third aspect of the present application.
  • the fifth aspect of the present application is to provide an electric device, which includes the secondary battery according to the second aspect of the present application, the battery module according to the third aspect of the present application, and the battery pack according to the fourth aspect of the present application. at least one.
  • an internal short circuit between pole pieces of different polarities can be prevented, thereby improving safety.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the secondary battery according to one embodiment of the present application shown in FIG. 1 .
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of the wound pole piece seen from arrow A-A after removing the shell of the electrode assembly according to one embodiment of the present application shown in Fig. 2 .
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the pole piece seen from arrow B-B after the shell of the electrode assembly according to one embodiment of the present application shown in Fig. 2 is removed.
  • Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the pole piece according to an embodiment of the present application shown in Fig. 4 viewed from arrow C-C.
  • Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the pole piece according to an embodiment of the present application shown in Fig. 4 as seen from arrow D-D.
  • Fig. 7 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a pole piece before processing tabs according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is an exploded view of the battery pack according to one embodiment of the present application shown in FIG. 9 .
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an electrical device in which a secondary battery is used as a power source according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a microscope photo of the end surface of the pole piece covered with the first insulating part according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a microscope photo of the end surface of the pole piece covered with the second insulating part according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 14 is a microscope photo of the end face of a pole piece in the prior art.
  • ranges disclosed herein are defined in terms of lower and upper limits, and a given range is defined by selecting a lower limit and an upper limit that define the boundaries of the particular range. Ranges defined in this manner may be inclusive or exclusive and may be combined arbitrarily, ie any lower limit may be combined with any upper limit to form a range. For example, if ranges of 60-120 and 80-110 are listed for a particular parameter, it is understood that ranges of 60-110 and 80-120 are also contemplated. Furthermore, if the minimum range values 1 and 2 are listed, and if the maximum range values 3, 4, and 5 are listed, the following ranges are all expected: 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 2- 3, 2 ⁇ 4 and 2 ⁇ 5.
  • the numerical range “a ⁇ b” represents an abbreviated representation of any combination of real numbers between a and b, where a and b are both real numbers.
  • the numerical range "0-5" indicates that all real numbers between "0-5" have been listed in this article, and "0-5" is only an abbreviated representation of the combination of these values.
  • a certain parameter is an integer ⁇ 2
  • the term "or” is inclusive unless otherwise stated.
  • the phrase "A or B” means “A, B, or both A and B.” More specifically, the condition "A or B” is satisfied by either of the following: A is true (or exists) and B is false (or does not exist); A is false (or does not exist) and B is true (or exists) ; or both A and B are true (or exist).
  • FIG. 1 shows a secondary battery 5 having a square structure.
  • secondary batteries include lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, or magnesium-ion batteries, etc., and the concept of the present application will be described below mainly by taking lithium-ion batteries as an example. It should be understood that any other suitable type of rechargeable battery is suitable.
  • a secondary battery 5 includes a casing (including a casing 51 and a top cover assembly 53 ), and an electrode assembly 52 .
  • the housing 51 may include a bottom plate and a side plate connected to the bottom plate, and the bottom plate and the side plates enclose to form an accommodating cavity.
  • the present application has no special limitation on the shape of the housing 51 , which may be cylindrical, square or any other shape.
  • the casing 51 has an opening communicating with the accommodating cavity, and the top cover assembly 53 can cover the opening to close the accommodating cavity.
  • the electrode assembly 52 is packaged in the containing cavity. Electrolyte is infiltrated in the electrode assembly 52 .
  • the number of electrode assemblies 52 contained in the secondary battery 5 can be one or more, and those skilled in the art can select according to specific actual needs.
  • the electrode assembly 52 is the core component for the secondary battery to realize the charging and discharging function.
  • the electrode assembly 52 includes a first pole piece 6 , a second pole piece 7 and a diaphragm 9 separating the first pole piece 6 and the second pole piece 7 .
  • the lithium-ion battery mainly relies on lithium ions moving between the first pole piece 6 and the second pole piece 7 via the separator 9 to work.
  • the electrode assembly 52 can be a wound structure. Specifically, both the first pole piece 6 and the second pole piece 7 are one, and the first pole piece 6 and the second pole piece 7 are strip-shaped structures. The first pole piece 6 , the separator 9 and the second pole piece 7 are sequentially laminated and wound more than two times to form an electrode assembly 52 .
  • the electrode assembly 52 may be flat.
  • the electrode assembly 52 can also be a laminated structure. Specifically, multiple first pole pieces 6 are provided, multiple second pole pieces 7 are provided, multiple first pole pieces 6 and second pole pieces 7 are alternately stacked, and a diaphragm 9 connects the first pole piece 6 and the second pole piece. The pole pieces 7 are separated.
  • Two electrode terminals 55 are provided on the top cover assembly 53 .
  • There are two connecting members 54 one connecting member 54 connects one electrode terminal 55 and the first pole piece 6 of the electrode assembly 52 , and the other connecting member 54 connects the other electrode terminal 55 and the second pole piece 7 of the electrode assembly 52 .
  • the present application proposes a pole piece 6, 7, including a current collector 120 and an active material layer 100, and the current collector 120 includes a main body 121 and a tab 122,
  • the active material layer 100 is coated on the surface of the main body 121, and the tab 122 extends from one end of the main body 121 along the first direction Z; the end surface of the main body 121 provided with the tab 122 is formed with a first insulating part 200, and the main body A second insulating portion 210 different from the first insulating portion 200 is formed on the end surface of 121 not provided with the tab 122 .
  • the pole piece is generally in the shape of a sheet and has multiple surfaces, wherein the two oppositely arranged surfaces with the largest area are called 'surfaces', and the other surfaces are called 'end surfaces'.
  • the end surface of the current collector is exposed, which increases the probability that the end surface directly contacts the electrode of the opposite polarity and causes an internal short circuit.
  • aluminum foil is used as the positive electrode current collector.
  • the surface is covered with positive electrode active material, but its end face is directly exposed to the electrolyte, which increases the probability of short circuit caused by direct contact of the end face aluminum foil with the negative electrode.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the pole pieces 6 and 7 before the lugs are processed.
  • the pole pieces 6 , 7 include a main body 121 and a tab region 123 .
  • the tab region 123 is disposed on one side of the main body 121 in the first direction Z.
  • the active material layer 100 is coated on the main body portion 121 .
  • the third insulating portion 110 described later is coated across the main body portion 121 and the tab region 123 .
  • the tabs 122 are formed by cutting the pole pieces 6 and 7 along the cutting line 124 or by laser processing.
  • the first insulating portion 200 is, for example, an insulating coating layer formed on the end surface of the tab 122 during or after the tab 122 is processed.
  • the second insulating part 210 is, for example, an insulating coating layer formed on the end surface by means of coating or the like after the pole pieces are cut.
  • the insulating part can be prepared by polymer coating, oxidation treatment, atomic layer deposition or vapor deposition, and the like.
  • the surface of the main body portion 121 near the end of the tab 122 is coated with a third insulating portion 110 along a second direction X perpendicular to the first direction Z, and the third insulating portion 110 is insulated from the first insulating portion 110 .
  • Part 200 is connected.
  • the third insulating part 110 and the first insulating part 200 are made of the same material and formed as one body. In this way, the first insulating portion 200 can be easily formed, and the integrated structure is relatively compact, which can further effectively protect the end surface of the pole piece exposed during the cutting of the tab, and further enhance safety.
  • the surface of the tab 122 close to the main body 121 is coated with the third insulating portion 110 , and the end surface of the tab 122 connected to the third insulating portion 110 is provided with the first insulating portion 200 .
  • the exposed end face of the pole piece during the cutting of the tab can be further effectively protected, further enhancing safety.
  • the first insulating part 200 includes a polymer selected from at least one of polyolefins.
  • the above polymer has a melting point of 80°C to 300°C.
  • the polymer can be melted and then solidified during the processing of the tab 122, thereby further densely covering the end faces of the pole pieces 6, 7, and further enhancing safety. sex.
  • the first insulating part 200 and the third insulating part 110 include polymer and ceramics, the polymer is at least one selected from polyolefins, and the mass ratio of the polymer to the ceramic is 26:74 or more.
  • the first insulating part 200 and the third insulating part 110 contain polymers and ceramics, which can improve the compactness of the insulating parts, so as to ensure the insulation of the end faces of the pole pieces on the one hand and avoid damage to the insulating parts on the other hand.
  • the first insulating part 200 is formed by performing laser processing on the third insulating part 110 .
  • the third insulating portion 110 can be melted and resolidified on the end face of the cut to form the first covering end face 121a.
  • the pole pieces shown in FIGS. 4-6 can be used as positive pole pieces or negative pole pieces. Since the aluminum foil as the positive electrode current collector is more prone to internal short circuit, it is preferable to apply the above structure to the positive electrode sheet.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode film layer disposed on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the positive electrode film layer includes the positive electrode active material according to the first aspect of the present application.
  • the positive electrode current collector has two opposing surfaces in its own thickness direction, and the positive electrode film layer is disposed on any one or both of the two opposing surfaces of the positive electrode current collector.
  • a metal foil or a composite current collector can be used as the positive electrode current collector.
  • aluminum foil can be used as the metal foil.
  • the composite current collector may include a polymer material base and a metal layer formed on at least one surface of the polymer material base.
  • the composite current collector can be formed by forming metal materials (aluminum, aluminum alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver and silver alloy, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalic acid It is formed on substrates such as ethylene glycol ester (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), etc.).
  • PP polypropylene
  • PET polyethylene glycol ester
  • PBT polybutylene terephthalate
  • PS polystyrene
  • PE polyethylene
  • the positive electrode active material may be a positive electrode active material known in the art for batteries.
  • the positive electrode active material may include at least one of the following materials: olivine-structured lithium-containing phosphate, lithium transition metal oxide, and their respective modified compounds.
  • the present application is not limited to these materials, and other conventional materials that can be used as positive electrode active materials of batteries can also be used. These positive electrode active materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • lithium transition metal oxides may include, but are not limited to, lithium cobalt oxides (such as LiCoO2), lithium nickel oxides (such as LiNiO2), lithium manganese oxides (such as LiMnO2, LiMn2O4), lithium nickel cobalt oxides, lithium Manganese cobalt oxide, lithium nickel manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (such as LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (also referred to as NCM333), LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (also referred to as NCM523), LiNi0 .5Co0.25Mn0.25O2 (also abbreviated as NCM211), LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (also abbreviated as NCM622), LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (also abbreviated as NCM811)), lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide At least one of substances (such as LiNi0.85Co0.15Al0.05O2) and its modified compounds
  • lithium-containing phosphates with an olivine structure may include, but are not limited to, lithium iron phosphate (such as LiFePO4 (also referred to as LFP for short)), composite materials of lithium iron phosphate and carbon, lithium manganese phosphate (such as LiMnPO4), lithium manganese phosphate At least one of composite materials with carbon, lithium iron manganese phosphate, and composite materials with lithium iron manganese phosphate and carbon.
  • lithium iron phosphate such as LiFePO4 (also referred to as LFP for short)
  • composite materials of lithium iron phosphate and carbon such as LiMnPO4
  • LiMnPO4 lithium manganese phosphate
  • LiMnPO4 lithium manganese phosphate
  • the positive electrode film layer further includes a binder.
  • the binder may include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-propylene terpolymer, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene At least one of meta-copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer and fluorine-containing acrylate resin.
  • the positive electrode film layer further includes a conductive agent.
  • the conductive agent may include at least one of superconducting carbon, acetylene black, carbon black, Ketjen black, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon nanofibers.
  • the positive electrode sheet can be prepared in the following manner: the above-mentioned components used to prepare the positive electrode sheet, such as positive electrode active material, conductive agent, binder and any other components, are dispersed in a solvent (such as N -methylpyrrolidone) to form a positive electrode slurry; the positive electrode slurry is coated on the positive electrode current collector, and after drying, cold pressing and other processes, the positive electrode sheet can be obtained.
  • a solvent such as N -methylpyrrolidone
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode film layer arranged on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode film layer includes a negative electrode active material.
  • the negative electrode current collector has two opposing surfaces in its own thickness direction, and the negative electrode film layer is disposed on any one or both of the two opposing surfaces of the negative electrode current collector.
  • a metal foil or a composite current collector can be used as the negative electrode current collector.
  • copper foil can be used as the metal foil.
  • the composite current collector may include a base layer of polymer material and a metal layer formed on at least one surface of the base material of polymer material.
  • Composite current collectors can be formed by metal materials (copper, copper alloys, nickel, nickel alloys, titanium, titanium alloys, silver and silver alloys, etc.) on polymer material substrates (such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalic acid It is formed on substrates such as ethylene glycol ester (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), etc.).
  • the negative electrode active material can be a negative electrode active material known in the art for batteries.
  • the negative electrode active material may include at least one of the following materials: artificial graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, silicon-based material, tin-based material, lithium titanate, and the like.
  • the silicon-based material may be selected from at least one of elemental silicon, silicon-oxygen compounds, silicon-carbon composites, silicon-nitrogen composites, and silicon alloys.
  • the tin-based material can be selected from at least one of simple tin, tin oxide and tin alloy.
  • the present application is not limited to these materials, and other conventional materials that can be used as negative electrode active materials of batteries can also be used. These negative electrode active materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the negative electrode film layer further includes a binder.
  • the binder can be selected from styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polyacrylic acid (PAA), sodium polyacrylate (PAAS), polyacrylamide (PAM), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium alginate (SA), polymethyl At least one of acrylic acid (PMAA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS).
  • the negative electrode film layer further includes a conductive agent.
  • the conductive agent can be selected from at least one of superconducting carbon, acetylene black, carbon black, Ketjen black, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene and carbon nanofibers.
  • the negative electrode film layer further includes other additives, such as thickeners (such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na)) and the like.
  • thickeners such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na)
  • the negative electrode sheet can be prepared in the following manner: the above-mentioned components used to prepare the negative electrode sheet, such as negative electrode active material, conductive agent, binder and any other components, are dispersed in a solvent (such as deionized water) to form a negative electrode slurry; the negative electrode slurry is coated on the negative electrode current collector, and after drying, cold pressing and other processes, the negative electrode sheet can be obtained.
  • a solvent such as deionized water
  • the electrolyte plays the role of conducting ions between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece.
  • the present application has no specific limitation on the type of electrolyte, which can be selected according to requirements.
  • electrolytes can be liquid, gel or all solid.
  • the electrolyte is an electrolytic solution.
  • the electrolytic solution includes electrolyte salts and solvents.
  • the electrolyte salt may be selected from lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium bisfluorosulfonyl imide, lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonyl imide, trifluoromethane At least one of lithium sulfonate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium difluorooxalate borate, lithium difluorooxalate borate, lithium difluorodifluorooxalatephosphate and lithium tetrafluorooxalatephosphate.
  • the solvent may be selected from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, Butylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, methyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate At least one of ester, 1,4-butyrolactone, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfone, methyl ethyl sulfone and diethyl sulfone.
  • the electrolyte also includes additives.
  • additives may include negative electrode film-forming additives, positive electrode film-forming additives, and additives that can improve certain performances of the battery, such as additives that improve battery overcharge performance, additives that improve high-temperature or low-temperature performance of batteries, and the like.
  • a separator is further included in the secondary battery.
  • the present application has no particular limitation on the type of the isolation membrane, and any known porous structure isolation membrane with good chemical stability and mechanical stability can be selected.
  • the material of the isolation film can be selected from at least one of glass fiber, non-woven fabric, polyethylene, polypropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride.
  • the separator can be a single-layer film or a multi-layer composite film, without any particular limitation. When the separator is a multilayer composite film, the materials of each layer may be the same or different, and there is no particular limitation.
  • the positive pole piece, the negative pole piece and the separator can be made into an electrode assembly through a winding process or a lamination process.
  • the secondary battery may include an outer package.
  • the outer package can be used to package the above-mentioned electrode assembly and electrolyte.
  • the outer packaging of the secondary battery may be a hard case, such as a hard plastic case, aluminum case, steel case, and the like.
  • the outer packaging of the secondary battery may also be a soft bag, such as a bag-type soft bag.
  • the material of the soft case may be plastic, and examples of the plastic include polypropylene, polybutylene terephthalate, polybutylene succinate, and the like.
  • the secondary battery can be assembled into a battery module, and the number of secondary batteries contained in the battery module can be one or more, and the specific number can be selected by those skilled in the art according to the application and capacity of the battery module.
  • FIG. 8 is a battery module 4 as an example.
  • a plurality of secondary batteries 5 may be arranged in sequence along the length direction of the battery module 4 .
  • the plurality of secondary batteries 5 may be fixed by fasteners.
  • the battery module 4 may further include a case having an accommodation space in which a plurality of secondary batteries 5 are accommodated.
  • the above-mentioned battery modules can also be assembled into a battery pack, and the number of battery modules contained in the battery pack can be one or more, and the specific number can be selected by those skilled in the art according to the application and capacity of the battery pack.
  • the battery pack 1 may include a battery box and a plurality of battery modules 4 disposed in the battery box.
  • the battery box includes an upper box body 2 and a lower box body 3 , the upper box body 2 can cover the lower box body 3 and form a closed space for accommodating the battery module 4 .
  • Multiple battery modules 4 can be arranged in the battery box in any manner.
  • the present application also provides an electric device, which includes at least one of the secondary battery, battery module, or battery pack provided in the present application.
  • a secondary battery, a battery module, or a battery pack can be used as a power source of a power consumption device, and can also be used as an energy storage unit of the power consumption device.
  • Electric devices can include mobile devices (such as mobile phones, laptops, etc.), electric vehicles (such as pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, electric bicycles, electric scooters, electric golf carts, electric trucks, etc.), electric trains, ships and satellites, energy storage systems, etc., but not limited thereto.
  • secondary batteries, battery modules, or battery packs can be selected according to their usage requirements.
  • Fig. 11 is an example of an electrical device.
  • the electric device is a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, or a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle.
  • a battery pack or a battery module may be used.
  • a device may be a cell phone, tablet, laptop, or the like.
  • the device is generally required to be light and thin, and a secondary battery can be used as a power source.
  • Example 1 the preparation method of the positive electrode sheet includes the following steps (1)-(4).
  • Step (1) Preparation of polymer slurry
  • PE polyethylene
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • NMP N,N-dimethylformamide
  • Step (2) Preparation of the positive pole piece area and the third insulating part 110
  • NCM nickel cobalt manganese
  • PVDF binder polyvinylidene fluoride
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • Step (3) Preparation of the second insulating part 210
  • the polymer slurry is coated on the end faces 121b, 121c, 121d of the positive pole piece area, and after being dried, the second insulating part is obtained.
  • Step (4) Preparation of the first insulating part 200
  • Cut the third insulating part 110 and the positive electrode current collector with an industrial laser power 80 watts (W), feed speed 10 meters/minute (m/min), frequency 200-300 kilohertz (kHz)
  • the sheet edge preparation forms the first insulating part 200 with a thickness of 1 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
  • SEM scanning electron microscope
  • the positive pole piece and the negative pole made in the above 1 are respectively connected to the positive and negative poles of the battery with a capacity of 2.2 ampere hours (Ah) and a voltage of 4.2 volts (V), and the 200 or 210 positions of the positive pole piece are directly contacted with the negative pole ( Referring to Table 2), observe whether there are sparks. At the same time, a variety of overlapping points are selected, and the overlapping methods are consistent each time to verify the protective effect.
  • Example 2-6, 8-9 except that the types and contents of each raw material were changed as shown in Table 1, the same preparation method as in Example 1 was used to obtain positive electrode sheets.
  • FIG. 12 is a photomicrograph of the end face of the pole piece of Example 1 covered with the first insulating portion 200 .
  • FIG. 13 is a photomicrograph of the end surface of the pole piece of Example 1 covered with the second insulating portion 210 .
  • FIG. 14 is a micrograph of the end surface of a pole piece without insulating coating. As shown in FIGS. 11-13 , the end face of the pole piece with the first insulating part 200 and the second insulating part 210 is obviously different from the comparative example, and the protective effect is obvious. Moreover, the end surface with the first insulating portion 200 is more densely insulated and covered, and a more excellent short-circuit prevention effect can be obtained.
  • the ratio of the polymer to the ceramic in the insulating slurry is more than 26:74, which can further prevent the end face formed with the tab.
  • the internal short circuit of the pole piece significantly improves the protection effect.
  • the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • the above-mentioned embodiments are merely examples, and within the scope of the technical solutions of the present application, embodiments that have substantially the same configuration as the technical idea and exert the same effects are included in the technical scope of the present application.
  • various modifications conceivable by those skilled in the art are added to the embodiments, and other forms constructed by combining some components in the embodiments are also included in the scope of the present application. .

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Abstract

本申请提供一种极片及具备其的二次电池。极片包括集流体和活性物质层，集流体包括主体部和极耳，活性物质层涂覆于主体部的表面，极耳从主体部沿第一方向的一端延伸；主体部的设置有极耳的端面形成有第一绝缘部，主体部的未设置有极耳的端面形成有与第一绝缘部不同的第二绝缘部。本申请的极片具有良好的端面绝缘防护，能够改善二次电池的安全性能。

Description

一种极片及具备其的二次电池
交叉引用
本申请引用于2022年01月29日递交的名称为“一种极片及具备其的二次电池”的第202210110205.X号中国专利申请，其通过引用被全部并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池领域，尤其涉及一种极片及具备其的二次电池、以及电池模块、电池包和用电装置。
背景技术
随着电子化和智能化设备的发展，人们对二次储能电池，尤其是对高能量密度锂离子电池的需求越来越迫切。以锂离子电池为例，能量密度逐步提高，往往伴随着安全隐患的加剧。例如，电池内部不同极性的极片之间容易由于接触而导致短路，增大了电池内部短路的概率，继而增大起火等安全问题发生的概率。
发明内容
本申请是鉴于上述课题而进行的，其目的在于，提供一种极片及具备其的二次电池、以及电池模块、电池包和用电装置。该极片具有良好的端面绝缘防护，能够改善二次电池的安全性能。
为了实现上述目的，本申请第一方面在于提供一种极片，其中，包括集流体和活性物质层，集流体包括主体部和极耳，活性物质层涂覆于主体部的表面，极耳从主体部沿第一方向的一端延伸；主体部的设置有极耳的端面形成有第一绝缘部，主体部的未设置有极耳的端面形成有第二绝缘部。
由于切割集流体以及加工极耳的过程中，集流体的端面露出，当端面直接暴露在电解液中时，增大了端面直接与相反极性的电极接触而导致内部短路的概率。通过在设置有极耳的端面形成第一绝缘部，在未设置极耳的端面形成第二绝缘部，能够有效防止相反极性的极片间的接触，从而抑制内部短路，增强安全性能。
在一些实施方式中，主体部的靠近极耳的端部的表面，沿垂直于第一方向的第二方向涂覆有第三绝缘部，第三绝缘部与第一绝缘部相接。通过使第三绝缘部与第一绝缘部相接，能够有效防护极片在切割极耳过程中露出的端面，进一步增强安全性。
在一些实施方式中，第三绝缘部与第一绝缘部由相同材料形成，并形成为一体。由此，能够容易地形成第一绝缘部。
在一些实施方式中，极耳的靠近主体部的表面涂覆有第三绝缘部，极耳的与第三绝缘部连接的端面设置有第一绝缘部。由此，能够进一步有效防护极片在切割极耳过程中露出的端面，进一步增强安全性。
在一些实施方式中，第一绝缘部包括聚合，聚合物的熔点为80℃～300℃。通过采用具有上述熔点范围的聚合物来形成第一绝缘部，在极耳加工过程中能够使聚合物熔融后再固化，从而进一步致密地包覆极片的端面，进一步增强安全性。
在一些实施方式中，第一绝缘部包括聚合物，聚合物选自聚烯烃中的至少一种。通过采用上述聚合物来形成第一绝缘部，能够致密地包覆极片的端面，进一步增强安全性。
在一些实施方式中，第一绝缘部和第三绝缘部包含聚合物和陶瓷，聚合物选自聚烯烃中的至少一种，聚合物与陶瓷的质量比为26：74以上。通过第一绝缘部和第三绝缘部包含聚合物和陶瓷，能够提升绝缘部的致密性，从而一方面保证极片端面绝缘性，另一方面避免绝缘部的破损。
在一些实施方式中，第一绝缘部通过对第三绝缘部进行激光加工而形成。通过激光加工，可以使得绝缘部熔融再固化，以形成包覆端面的第一绝缘部，由此能够容易地形成第一绝缘部，并进一步增强安全性。
在一些实施方式中，第一绝缘部是极耳加工时形成于端面的绝缘包覆层。由此，通过在涂覆有第三绝缘部的极片上利用激光加工切割出极耳的同时，能够在切口的端面使第三绝缘部熔融再固化，以形成包覆端面的第一绝缘部，由此能够容易地形成第一绝缘部，并进一步增强安全性。
本申请第二方面在于提供一种二次电池，该二次电池包括根据本申请第一方面的极片。
本申请第三方面在于提供一种电池模块，该电池模块包括根据本申请第二方面的二次电池。
本申请第四方面在于提供一种电池包，该电池包包括根据本申请第三方面的电池模块。
本申请第五方面在于提供一种用电装置，该用电装置包括根据本申请第二方面的二次电池、根据本申请第三方面的电池模块和根据本申请第四方面的电池包中的至少一种。
根据本申请，能够防止不同极性的极片间的内部短路，从而提高安全性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请一实施方式的二次电池的示意图。
图2是图1所示的本申请一实施方式的二次电池的分解图。
图3是将图2所示的本申请一实施方式的电极组件的外壳去除后，从箭头A-A看到的卷绕极片的示意俯视图。
图4是将图2所示的本申请一实施方式的电极组件的外壳去除后，从箭头B-B看到的极片的示意截面图。
图5是图4所示本申请一实施方式的极片的从箭头C-C看到的截面图。
图6是图4所示本申请一实施方式的极片的从箭头D-D看到的截面图。
图7示出了本申请一实施方式的极片的加工极耳前的截面示意图。
图8是本申请一实施方式的电池模块的示意图。
图9是本申请一实施方式的电池包的示意图。
图10是图9所示的本申请一实施方式的电池包的分解图。
图11是本申请一实施方式的二次电池用作电源的用电装置的示意图。
图12是本申请一实施例的极片的包覆有第一绝缘部的端面的显微镜照片。
图13是本申请一实施例的极片的包覆有第二绝缘部的端面的显微镜照片。
图14是现有技术的极片的端面的显微镜照片。
附图标记说明：
1电池包；2上箱体；3下箱体；4电池模块；5二次电池；51壳体；52电极组件；53顶盖组件；6第一极片；7第二极片；9隔膜；54连接构件；55电极端子；100活 性物质层；120集流体；121主体部；122极耳；123极耳区；124切割线；200第一绝缘部；210第二绝缘部；121a,121b,121c,121d端面；110第三绝缘部。
具体实施方式
以下，适当地参照附图详细说明具体公开了本申请的极片、二次电池、电池模块、电池包和电学装置的实施方式。但是会有省略不必要的详细说明的情况。例如，有省略对已众所周知的事项的详细说明、实际相同结构的重复说明的情况。这是为了避免以下的说明不必要地变得冗长，便于本领域技术人员的理解。此外，附图及以下说明是为了本领域技术人员充分理解本申请而提供的，并不旨在限定权利要求书所记载的主题。
本申请所公开的“范围”以下限和上限的形式来限定，给定范围是通过选定一个下限和一个上限进行限定的，选定的下限和上限限定了特别范围的边界。这种方式进行限定的范围可以是包括端值或不包括端值的，并且可以进行任意地组合，即任何下限可以与任何上限组合形成一个范围。例如，如果针对特定参数列出了60～120和80～110的范围，理解为60～110和80～120的范围也是预料到的。此外，如果列出的最小范围值1和2，和如果列出了最大范围值3，4和5，则下面的范围可全部预料到：1～3、1～4、1～5、2～3、2～4和2～5。在本申请中，除非有其他说明，数值范围“a～b”表示a到b之间的任意实数组合的缩略表示，其中a和b都是实数。例如数值范围“0～5”表示本文中已经全部列出了“0～5”之间的全部实数，“0～5”只是这些数值组合的缩略表示。另外，当表述某个参数为≥2的整数，则相当于公开了该参数为例如整数2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12等。
如果没有特别的说明，本申请的所有实施方式以及可选实施方式可以相互组合形成新的技术方案。
如果没有特别的说明，本申请的所有技术特征以及可选技术特征可以相互组合形成新的技术方案。
如果没有特别的说明，本申请所提到的“包括”和“包含”表示开放式，也可以是封闭式。例如，“包括”和“包含”可以表示还可以包括或包含没有列出的其他组分，也可以仅包括或包含列出的组分。
如果没有特别的说明，在本申请中，术语“或”是包括性的。举例来说，短语“A或B”表示“A，B，或A和B两者”。更具体地，以下任一条件均满足条件“A或B”： A为真(或存在)并且B为假(或不存在)；A为假(或不存在)而B为真(或存在)；或A和B都为真(或存在)。
[二次电池]
图1示出方形结构的二次电池5。本申请中，二次电池包括锂离子电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，下文中将主要以锂离子电池为例来描述本申请的构思。应当理解的是，其他任意适当类型的可充电电池都是适用的。
参照图2，本申请一实施例的二次电池5包括外壳(包括壳体51和顶盖组件53)、电极组件52。其中，壳体51可包括底板和连接于底板上的侧板，底板和侧板围合形成容纳腔。本申请对壳体51的形状没有特别的限制，其可以是圆柱形、方形或其他任意的形状。壳体51具有与容纳腔连通的开口，顶盖组件53能够盖设于开口，以封闭容纳腔。电极组件52封装于容纳腔内。电解液浸润于电极组件52中。二次电池5所含电极组件52的数量可以为一个或多个，本领域技术人员可根据具体实际需求进行选择。
电极组件52是二次电池实现充放电功能的核心构件。参照图3，电极组件52包括第一极片6、第二极片7和隔膜9，隔膜9将第一极片6和第二极片7隔开。锂离子电池主要依靠锂离子经由隔膜9在第一极片6和第二极片7之间移动来工作。
电极组件52可为卷绕式结构。具体地，第一极片6和第二极片7均为一个，且第一极片6和第二极片7为带状结构。将第一极片6、隔膜9和第二极片7依次层叠并卷绕两圈以上以形成电极组件52。电极组件52可为扁平状。
可替代地，电极组件52也可为叠片式结构。具体地，第一极片6设置为多个，第二极片7设置为多个，多个第一极片6和第二极片7交替层叠，隔膜9将第一极片6和第二极片7隔开。
电极端子55为两个且设置于顶盖组件53。连接构件54为两个，一个连接构件54连接一个电极端子55和电极组件52的第一极片6，另一个连接构件54连接另一个电极端子55和电极组件52的第二极片7。
[极片结构]
如图4～6所示，本申请的一个实施方式中，本申请提出了一种极片6,7，包括集流体120和活性物质层100，集流体120包括主体部121和极耳122，活性物质层100涂覆于主体部121的表面，极耳122从主体部121沿第一方向Z的一端延伸；主体部121的 设置有极耳122的端面形成有第一绝缘部200，主体部121的未设置有极耳122的端面形成有与第一绝缘部200不同的第二绝缘部210。
具体的，极片一般呈片状，具有多个面，其中相对设置的两个面积最大的面称为‘表面’，其他面称为‘端面’。
本申请人发现：切割集流体以及加工极耳的过程中，集流体的端面露出，增大了端面直接与相反极性的电极接触而导致内部短路的概率，例如，铝箔作为正极集流体，其表面覆盖有正极活性物质，但是其端面却直接暴露在电解液当中，增大了端面铝箔直接与负极接触而导致短路的概率。通过在设置有极耳的端面121a形成第一绝缘部200，在未设置极耳的端面121b,121c,121d形成第二绝缘部210，能够有效防止相反极性的极片间的接触，从而抑制内部短路，增强安全性能。
图7示出了极片6,7加工极耳前的截面示意图。如图7所示，极片6,7包括主体部121和极耳区123。极耳区123设置于主体部121的第一方向Z的一侧。在主体部121涂覆有活性物质层100。此外，在一些实施例中，后述的第三绝缘部110以跨越主体部121和极耳区123的方式涂布。此外，极耳122通过沿切割线124对极片6,7进行切割或激光加工的方式形成。
在一些实施方式中，第一绝缘部200例如是极耳122加工时或极耳122加工后形成于端面的绝缘包覆层。第二绝缘部210例如是在分切极片后利用涂覆等手段而形成于端面的绝缘包覆层。例如，绝缘部可以通过聚合物包覆、氧化处理、原子层沉积或蒸镀等进行制备。
在一些实施方式中，主体部121的靠近极耳122的端部的表面，沿垂直于第一方向Z的第二方向X涂覆有第三绝缘部110，第三绝缘部110与第一绝缘部200相接。通过使第三绝缘部110与第一绝缘部200相接，能够有效防护极片6,7在切割极耳过程中露出的端面，进一步增强安全性。
在一些实施方式中，第三绝缘部110与第一绝缘部200由相同材料形成，并形成为一体。由此，能够容易地形成第一绝缘部200，一体结构较为致密，能够进一步有效防护极片在切割极耳过程中露出的端面，进一步增强安全性。
在一些实施方式中，极耳122的靠近主体部121的表面涂覆有第三绝缘部110，极耳122的与第三绝缘部110连接的端面设置有第一绝缘部200。由此，能够进一步有效防护极片在切割极耳过程中露出的端面，进一步增强安全性。
在一些实施方式中，第一绝缘部200包括聚合物，聚合物选自聚烯烃中的至少一种。通过采用上述聚合物来形成第一绝缘部200，能够致密地包覆极片6,7的端面，进一步增强安全性。
在一些实施方式中，上述聚合物的熔点为80℃～300℃。通过采用具有上述熔点范围的聚合物来形成第一绝缘部200，在极耳122加工过程中能够使聚合物熔融后再固化，从而进一步致密地包覆极片6,7的端面，进一步增强安全性。
在一些实施方式中，第一绝缘部200和第三绝缘部110包含聚合物和陶瓷，聚合物选自聚烯烃中的至少一种，聚合物与陶瓷的质量比为26：74以上。通过第一绝缘部200和第三绝缘部110包含聚合物和陶瓷，能够提升绝缘部的致密性，从而一方面保证极片端面绝缘性，另一方面避免绝缘部的破损。
在一些实施方式中，第一绝缘部200通过对第三绝缘部110进行激光加工而形成。由此，通过在涂覆有第三绝缘部110的极片上利用激光加工切割出极耳122的同时，能够在切口的端面使第三绝缘部110熔融再固化，以形成包覆端面121a的第一绝缘部200，由此能够容易地形成第一绝缘部，并进一步增强安全性。
在一些实施方式中，图4～6所示的极片可以作为正极极片或负极极片使用。由于作为正极集流体的铝箔更容易产生内部短路的情况，所以优选将上述结构应用于正极极片。
以下，对正负极极片、电解质、隔离膜等的材料和通用结构进行说明。
[正极极片]
正极极片包括正极集流体以及设置在正极集流体至少一个表面的正极膜层，正极膜层包括本申请第一方面的正极活性材料。
作为示例，正极集流体具有在其自身厚度方向相对的两个表面，正极膜层设置在正极集流体相对的两个表面的其中任意一者或两者上。
在一些实施方式中，正极集流体可采用金属箔片或复合集流体。例如，作为金属箔片，可采用铝箔。复合集流体可包括高分子材料基层和形成于高分子材料基层至少一个表面上的金属层。复合集流体可通过将金属材料(铝、铝合金、镍、镍合金、钛、钛合金、银及银合金等)形成在高分子材料基材(如聚丙烯(PP)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚乙烯(PE)等的基材)上而形成。
在一些实施方式中，正极活性材料可采用本领域公知的用于电池的正极活性材料。作为示例，正极活性材料可包括以下材料中的至少一种：橄榄石结构的含锂磷酸盐、锂 过渡金属氧化物及其各自的改性化合物。但本申请并不限定于这些材料，还可以使用其他可被用作电池正极活性材料的传统材料。这些正极活性材料可以仅单独使用一种，也可以将两种以上组合使用。其中，锂过渡金属氧化物的示例可包括但不限于锂钴氧化物(如LiCoO2)、锂镍氧化物(如LiNiO2)、锂锰氧化物(如LiMnO2、LiMn2O4)、锂镍钴氧化物、锂锰钴氧化物、锂镍锰氧化物、锂镍钴锰氧化物(如LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2(也可以简称为NCM333)、LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2(也可以简称为NCM523)、LiNi0.5Co0.25Mn0.25O2(也可以简称为NCM211)、LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2(也可以简称为NCM622)、LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2(也可以简称为NCM811))、锂镍钴铝氧化物(如LiNi0.85Co0.15Al0.05O2)及其改性化合物等中的至少一种。橄榄石结构的含锂磷酸盐的示例可包括但不限于磷酸铁锂(如LiFePO4(也可以简称为LFP))、磷酸铁锂与碳的复合材料、磷酸锰锂(如LiMnPO4)、磷酸锰锂与碳的复合材料、磷酸锰铁锂、磷酸锰铁锂与碳的复合材料中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中，正极膜层还包括粘结剂。作为示例，粘结剂可以包括聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、偏氟乙烯-四氟乙烯-丙烯三元共聚物、偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯-四氟乙烯三元共聚物、四氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚物及含氟丙烯酸酯树脂中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中，正极膜层还包括导电剂。作为示例，导电剂可以包括超导碳、乙炔黑、炭黑、科琴黑、碳点、碳纳米管、石墨烯及碳纳米纤维中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中，可以通过以下方式制备正极极片：将上述用于制备正极极片的组分，例如正极活性材料、导电剂、粘结剂和任意其他的组分分散于溶剂(例如N-甲基吡咯烷酮)中，形成正极浆料；将正极浆料涂覆在正极集流体上，经烘干、冷压等工序后，即可得到正极极片。
[负极极片]
负极极片包括负极集流体以及设置在负极集流体至少一个表面上的负极膜层，负极膜层包括负极活性材料。
作为示例，负极集流体具有在其自身厚度方向相对的两个表面，负极膜层设置在负极集流体相对的两个表面中的任意一者或两者上。
在一些实施方式中，负极集流体可采用金属箔片或复合集流体。例如，作为金属箔片，可以采用铜箔。复合集流体可包括高分子材料基层和形成于高分子材料基材至少一 个表面上的金属层。复合集流体可通过将金属材料(铜、铜合金、镍、镍合金、钛、钛合金、银及银合金等)形成在高分子材料基材(如聚丙烯(PP)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚乙烯(PE)等的基材)上而形成。
在一些实施方式中，负极活性材料可采用本领域公知的用于电池的负极活性材料。作为示例，负极活性材料可包括以下材料中的至少一种：人造石墨、天然石墨、软炭、硬炭、硅基材料、锡基材料和钛酸锂等。硅基材料可选自单质硅、硅氧化合物、硅碳复合物、硅氮复合物以及硅合金中的至少一种。锡基材料可选自单质锡、锡氧化合物以及锡合金中的至少一种。但本申请并不限定于这些材料，还可以使用其他可被用作电池负极活性材料的传统材料。这些负极活性材料可以仅单独使用一种，也可以将两种以上组合使用。
在一些实施方式中，负极膜层还包括粘结剂。粘结剂可选自丁苯橡胶(SBR)、聚丙烯酸(PAA)、聚丙烯酸钠(PAAS)、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、海藻酸钠(SA)、聚甲基丙烯酸(PMAA)及羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCS)中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中，负极膜层还包括导电剂。导电剂可选自超导碳、乙炔黑、炭黑、科琴黑、碳点、碳纳米管、石墨烯及碳纳米纤维中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中，负极膜层还包括其他助剂，例如增稠剂(如羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na))等。
在一些实施方式中，可以通过以下方式制备负极极片：将上述用于制备负极极片的组分，例如负极活性材料、导电剂、粘结剂和任意其他组分分散于溶剂(例如去离子水)中，形成负极浆料；将负极浆料涂覆在负极集流体上，经烘干、冷压等工序后，即可得到负极极片。
[电解质]
电解质在正极极片和负极极片之间起到传导离子的作用。本申请对电解质的种类没有具体的限制，可根据需求进行选择。例如，电解质可以是液态的、凝胶态的或全固态的。
在一些实施方式中，电解质采用电解液。电解液包括电解质盐和溶剂。
在一些实施方式中，电解质盐可选自六氟磷酸锂、四氟硼酸锂、高氯酸锂、六氟砷酸锂、双氟磺酰亚胺锂、双三氟甲磺酰亚胺锂、三氟甲磺酸锂、二氟磷酸锂、二氟草酸硼酸锂、二草酸硼酸锂、二氟二草酸磷酸锂及四氟草酸磷酸锂中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中，溶剂可选自碳酸亚乙酯、碳酸亚丙酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二丙酯、碳酸甲丙酯、碳酸乙丙酯、碳酸亚丁酯、氟代碳酸亚乙酯、甲酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯、丙酸丙酯、丁酸甲酯、丁酸乙酯、1,4-丁内酯、环丁砜、二甲砜、甲乙砜及二乙砜中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中，电解液还包括添加剂。例如添加剂可以包括负极成膜添加剂、正极成膜添加剂，还可以包括能够改善电池某些性能的添加剂，例如改善电池过充性能的添加剂、改善电池高温或低温性能的添加剂等。
[隔离膜]
在一些实施方式中，二次电池中还包括隔离膜。本申请对隔离膜的种类没有特别的限制，可以选用任意公知的具有良好的化学稳定性和机械稳定性的多孔结构隔离膜。
在一些实施方式中，隔离膜的材质可选自玻璃纤维、无纺布、聚乙烯、聚丙烯及聚偏二氟乙烯中的至少一种。隔离膜可以是单层薄膜，也可以是多层复合薄膜，没有特别限制。在隔离膜为多层复合薄膜时，各层的材料可以相同或不同，没有特别限制。
在一些实施方式中，正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜可通过卷绕工艺或叠片工艺制成电极组件。
在一些实施方式中，二次电池可包括外包装。该外包装可用于封装上述电极组件及电解质。
在一些实施方式中，二次电池的外包装可以是硬壳，例如硬塑料壳、铝壳、钢壳等。二次电池的外包装也可以是软包，例如袋式软包。软包的材质可以是塑料，作为塑料，可列举出聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯以及聚丁二酸丁二醇酯等。
以下适当参照附图对本申请的电池模块、电池包和装置进行说明。
[电池模块]
在一些实施方式中，二次电池可以组装成电池模块，电池模块所含二次电池的数量可以为一个或多个，具体数量本领域技术人员可根据电池模块的应用和容量进行选择。
图8是作为一个示例的电池模块4。参照图8，在电池模块4中，多个二次电池5可以是沿电池模块4的长度方向依次排列设置。当然，也可以按照其他任意的方式进行排布。进一步可以通过紧固件将该多个二次电池5进行固定。
在一些实施例中，电池模块4还可以包括具有容纳空间的外壳，多个二次电池5容纳于该容纳空间。
[电池包]
在一些实施方式中，上述电池模块还可以组装成电池包，电池包所含电池模块的数量可以为一个或多个，具体数量本领域技术人员可根据电池包的应用和容量进行选择。
图9和图10是作为一个示例的电池包1。参照图9和图10，在电池包1中可以包括电池箱和设置于电池箱中的多个电池模块4。电池箱包括上箱体2和下箱体3，上箱体2能够盖设于下箱体3，并形成用于容纳电池模块4的封闭空间。多个电池模块4可以按照任意的方式排布于电池箱中。
[用电装置]
另外，本申请还提供一种用电装置，用电装置包括本申请提供的二次电池、电池模块、或电池包中的至少一种。二次电池、电池模块、或电池包可以用作用电装置的电源，也可以用作用电装置的能量存储单元。用电装置可以包括移动设备(例如手机、笔记本电脑等)、电动车辆(例如纯电动车、混合动力电动车、插电式混合动力电动车、电动自行车、电动踏板车、电动高尔夫球车、电动卡车等)、电气列车、船舶及卫星、储能系统等，但不限于此。
作为用电装置，可以根据其使用需求来选择二次电池、电池模块或电池包。
图11是作为一个示例的用电装置。该用电装置为纯电动车、混合动力电动车、或插电式混合动力电动车等。为了满足该用电装置对二次电池的高功率和高能量密度的需求，可以采用电池包或电池模块。
作为另一个示例的装置可以是手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑等。该装置通常要求轻薄化，可以采用二次电池作为电源。
实施例
以下，说明本申请的实施例。下面描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件的，按照本领域内的文 献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
<实施例1>
①正极极片的制备
在实施例1中，正极极片的制备方法包括以下工序(1)～(4)。
工序(1)：聚合物浆料的制备
在相对湿度小于2％的室温环境，按表1中的质量比称取聚乙烯(PE)颗粒和聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)，慢加入一定的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(NMP)液，在25℃下以800rpm的转速搅拌2小时以上，形成均匀、稳定的浆料。其中，聚乙烯颗粒的粒径分布为1-15微米。
工序(2)：正极极片区及第三绝缘部110的制备
将锰酸锂正极活性材料、镍钴锰(NCM)三元材料、导电剂碳黑、粘结剂聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)按重量比为67.34：30：28.86：2.7：1.1搅拌混合均匀，得到正极浆料；之后将聚合物浆料与正极浆料并行且均匀涂覆于正极集流体上，其中聚合物浆料位于正极浆料边缘。之后经过烘干、冷压、分切，得到正极极片区及第三绝缘部110。
工序(3)：第二绝缘部210的制备
在正极极片区的端面121b,121c,121d涂布聚合物浆料，经烘干后，得到第二绝缘部。
工序(4)：第一绝缘部200的制备
将工业用激光器(功率80瓦(W)、进给速度10米/分钟(m/min)、频率200-300千赫兹(kHz))切割第三绝缘部110和正极集流体，可在正极极片边缘制备形成厚度为1微米至30微米的第一绝缘部200。
②性能评价
对于上述①中制得的极片，通过下述方法进行性能测试。
(i)形貌测试
使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)(例如ZEISS Sigma 300)，对极片的端面拍摄照片，可以确认绝缘状态。
(ii)极片搭接测试
采用将上述①中制得的正极极片和负极分别与容量2.2安时(Ah)、电压4.2伏(V)的电池正负极连接，将正极极片的200或210位置直接与负极接触(参考表2)，观察是否有花火出现。同时，选取多种搭接点，每次搭接方式一致，以验证防护效果。
<实施例2>～<实施例9>
在实施例2～6、8～9中，除了如表1所示变更各原料的种类和含量以外，采用与实施例1相同的制备方法，由此得到正极极片。
<对比例1>
在对比例1中，不进行上述的工序(3)、(4)，得到没有第一绝缘部200和第二绝缘部210的常规极片。
[表1]
Figure PCTCN2022099280-appb-000001
[表2]
Figure PCTCN2022099280-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2022099280-appb-000003
图12是实施例1的极片的包覆有第一绝缘部200的端面的显微镜照片。图13是实施例1的极片的包覆有第二绝缘部210的端面的显微镜照片。图14是未进行绝缘包覆的极片的端面的显微镜照片。如图11-13所示，具有第一绝缘部200和第二绝缘部210的极片端面，明显区别于对比例，防护效果明显。而且，具有第一绝缘部200的端面被更致密地绝缘包覆，能够得到更优异的防短路效果。
结合上述表1、2可以看出如下：
由实施例1～9和对比例1的对比可知，本申请的极片中，通过在极片端面设置第一绝缘部200和第二绝缘部210，能够有效防止极片的内部短路，提高防护效果。
由实施例1～5和实施例6的对比可知，本申请的极片中，通过绝缘浆料中的聚合物与陶瓷的比例在26：74以上，能够更进一步在形成有极耳的端面防止极片的内部短路，显著提高防护效果。
需要说明的是，本申请不限定于上述实施方式。上述实施方式仅为示例，在本申请的技术方案范围内具有与技术思想实质相同的构成、发挥相同作用效果的实施方式均包含在本申请的技术范围内。此外，在不脱离本申请主旨的范围内，对实施方式施加本领域技术人员能够想到的各种变形、将实施方式中的一部分构成要素加以组合而构筑的其它方式也包含在本申请的范围内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种极片，包括集流体和活性物质层，
    所述集流体包括主体部和极耳，
    所述活性物质层涂覆于主体部的表面，所述极耳从所述主体部沿第一方向的一端延伸；
    所述主体部的设置有极耳的端面形成有第一绝缘部，
    所述主体部的未设置有极耳的端面形成有第二绝缘部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的极片，其中，
    所述主体部的靠近所述极耳的端部的表面，沿垂直于所述第一方向的第二方向涂覆有第三绝缘部，
    所述第三绝缘部与所述第一绝缘部相接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的极片，其中，
    所述第三绝缘部与所述第一绝缘部由相同材料形成，并形成为一体。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的极片，其中，
    所述第一绝缘部和所述第三绝缘部包含聚合物和陶瓷，
    所述聚合物选自聚烯烃中的至少一种，
    所述聚合物与所述陶瓷的质量比为26：74以上。
  5. 根据权利要求1～4中任一项所述的极片，其中，
    所述极耳的靠近所述主体部的一部分的表面涂覆有所述第三绝缘部，
    所述极耳的与所述第三绝缘部连接的端面设置有所述第一绝缘部。
  6. 根据权利要求1～5中任一项所述的极片，其中，
    所述第一绝缘部包括聚合物，所述聚合物的熔点为80℃～300℃。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的极片，其中，
    所述聚合物选自聚烯烃中的至少一种。
  8. 根据权利要求2～4中任一项所述的极片，其中，
    所述第一绝缘部通过对所述第三绝缘部进行激光加工而形成。
  9. 根据权利要求8的极片，其中，
    第一绝缘部是极耳加工时形成于端面的绝缘包覆层。
  10. 一种二次电池，
    包括如权利要求1～9中任一项所述的极片。
  11. 一种电池模块，
    包括权利要求10所述的二次电池。
  12. 一种电池包，
    包括权利要求11所述的电池模块。
  13. 一种用电装置，
    包括选自权利要求10所述的二次电池、权利要求11所述的电池模块或权利要求12所述的电池包中的至少一种。
PCT/CN2022/099280 2022-01-29 2022-06-16 一种极片及具备其的二次电池 WO2023142340A1 (zh)

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