WO2023133959A1 - 一种分布式的全电驱动系统及其装载机 - Google Patents

一种分布式的全电驱动系统及其装载机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023133959A1
WO2023133959A1 PCT/CN2022/076342 CN2022076342W WO2023133959A1 WO 2023133959 A1 WO2023133959 A1 WO 2023133959A1 CN 2022076342 W CN2022076342 W CN 2022076342W WO 2023133959 A1 WO2023133959 A1 WO 2023133959A1
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Prior art keywords
electric
electric cylinder
output end
controller
distributed
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PCT/CN2022/076342
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林添良
李雄
李钟慎
缪骋
付胜杰
任好玲
陈其怀
郭桐
段闯闯
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华侨大学
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Application filed by 华侨大学 filed Critical 华侨大学
Publication of WO2023133959A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023133959A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E02F3/36—Component parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E02F3/36—Component parts
    • E02F3/42—Drives for dippers, buckets, dipper-arms or bucket-arms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E02F3/36—Component parts
    • E02F3/42—Drives for dippers, buckets, dipper-arms or bucket-arms
    • E02F3/43—Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of loaders, in particular to a distributed all-electric drive system and a loader thereof.
  • the responsiveness and dynamics of the loader put forward very high requirements; the traditional loader mostly uses a torque converter + gearbox to reduce the speed and increase the torque.
  • the low efficiency of the hydraulic torque converter greatly reduces the efficiency of the whole vehicle; the transmission takes a long time to build up pressure during gear switching and clutch engagement, which causes a delay in the forward and reverse gear switching of the vehicle, and the response of the whole machine Sex is not guaranteed.
  • the invention discloses a distributed all-electric drive system and its loader, aiming to solve the problem of low operating efficiency of the existing loader.
  • the first embodiment of the present invention provides a distributed all-electric drive system, including: a frame, an electric drive mechanism configured on the frame, an electric steering mechanism, a working mechanism, an energy management unit, a controller, and operating mechanism;
  • the operating mechanism is electrically connected to the input end of the controller, and the output end of the controller is connected to the control end of the electric drive mechanism, the control end of the electric steering mechanism, and the control end of the working mechanism.
  • the terminal is electrically connected to the control terminal of the energy management unit, and the output terminal of the energy management unit is connected to the power input terminal of the electric driving mechanism, the power input terminal of the electric steering mechanism, and the power input terminal of the working mechanism.
  • the electric drive mechanism includes a drive assembly and a transmission mechanism; the output end of the drive assembly is connected to the transmission mechanism, and the output end of the transmission mechanism is used to connect to the driving wheel arranged on the vehicle frame;
  • the electric steering mechanism includes a bogie articulated on the vehicle frame, and an electric cylinder mechanism articulated with the bogie.
  • the energy management unit includes a power storage unit and a high voltage management unit;
  • the power storage unit is electrically connected to the output end of the controller, and the output end of the power storage unit is connected to the power input end of the electric driving mechanism and the power input end of the electric steering mechanism through the high voltage management unit .
  • the power input terminal of the working mechanism is electrically connected.
  • the operating mechanism includes a pilot handle, an electronically controlled steering gear, an electronic brake pedal, and an electronic accelerator pedal;
  • pilot handle the electronically controlled steering gear, the electronic brake pedal, and the electronic accelerator pedal are electrically connected to the input end of the controller.
  • the working mechanism includes a boom servo electric cylinder, a bucket servo electric cylinder, a movable arm, and a bucket;
  • the output end of the controller is electrically connected to the control end of the boom servo electric cylinder and the control end of the bucket servo electric cylinder, and the output end of the boom servo electric cylinder is hinged to the movable arm.
  • the output end of the bucket servo electric cylinder is hinged to the bucket, and the power input end of the boom servo electric cylinder and the power input end of the bucket servo electric cylinder are electrically connected to the output end of the high voltage management unit.
  • the electric cylinder mechanism includes a first servo electric cylinder and a second servo electric cylinder;
  • the output end of the first servo electric cylinder is hinged to the first side of the bogie, the output end of the second servo electric cylinder is hinged to the second side of the bogie, and the first servo electric cylinder
  • the control end and the control end of the second servo electric cylinder are electrically connected to the output end of the controller, and the power input end of the first servo electric cylinder and the power input end of the second servo electric cylinder are connected to the high voltage management unit Output electrical connection.
  • the drive assembly includes a drive motor and a motor driver;
  • the input end of the motor driver is electrically connected to the output end of the controller, the output end of the motor driver is electrically connected to the driving motor, and the output shaft of the driving motor is connected to the transmission mechanism.
  • the drive motor is a double-extended shaft permanent magnet synchronous motor.
  • the transmission mechanism includes a front transmission shaft, a rear transmission shaft, a driving front axle, and a driving rear axle;
  • the first end of the front transmission shaft is connected to the first shaft of the double-extended shaft permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the first end of the rear transmission shaft is connected to the second shaft of the double-extended shaft permanent magnet synchronous motor. connected, the second end of the front transmission shaft is connected to the driving front axle, the second end of the rear transmission shaft is connected to the driving rear axle, and the driving front axle and the driving rear axle are connected to the Drive wheel connection.
  • the power storage unit is a lithium iron phosphate battery.
  • the second embodiment of the present invention provides a loader, including a distributed all-electric drive system as described in any one of the above.
  • the controller drives the electric drive mechanism by receiving the brake signal and acceleration signal of the operating mechanism, and the controller drives the electric drive mechanism through the The working signal of the operating mechanism drives the working mechanism, and the controller drives the electric steering mechanism through the steering signal.
  • the system cancels the hydraulic system, reduces energy consumption, improves the response speed of the whole vehicle, and improves the overall performance of the vehicle. car handling.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a distributed all-electric drive system provided by the first embodiment of the invention.
  • the invention discloses a distributed all-electric drive system and a loader thereof, aiming at solving the problem of low operation efficiency of the existing loader.
  • the first embodiment of the present invention provides a distributed all-electric drive system, including: a vehicle frame, an electric drive mechanism arranged on the vehicle frame, an electric steering mechanism, a working mechanism, and an energy management unit , controller 11, and operating mechanism;
  • the operating mechanism is electrically connected to the input end of the controller 11, and the output end of the controller 11 is connected to the control end of the electric drive mechanism, the control end of the electric steering mechanism, the working mechanism
  • the control terminal of the energy management unit is electrically connected with the control terminal of the energy management unit, and the output terminal of the energy management unit is connected with the power input terminal of the electric driving mechanism, the power input terminal of the electric steering mechanism, the working The electrical connection of the power input terminal of the mechanism;
  • the electric drive mechanism includes a drive assembly and a transmission mechanism; the output end of the drive assembly is connected to the transmission mechanism, and the output end of the transmission mechanism is used to connect to the driving wheel arranged on the vehicle frame;
  • the electric steering mechanism includes a bogie 19 articulated on the vehicle frame, and an electric cylinder mechanism articulated with the bogie 19 .
  • the controller 11 drives the electric drive mechanism by receiving the brake signal and the acceleration signal of the operating mechanism, canceling the low-efficiency hydraulic torque converter and improving the efficiency of the system;
  • the gearbox reduces the delay caused by the pressure build-up time of the gearbox during the shifting process;
  • the controller 11 drives the electric steering mechanism through the steering signal, and the controller 11 drives the electric steering mechanism through the working signal of the operating mechanism.
  • the working mechanism is driven, and the steering system and the working system are directly driven by the servo electric cylinder instead of the traditional hydraulic cylinder, which eliminates various pressure losses caused by the hydraulic system and optimizes the layout of the machine components.
  • the use of the servo electric cylinder can quickly respond to the signal sent by the controller 11 assembly, which improves the handling of the vehicle.
  • the energy management unit includes a power storage unit 18 and a high voltage management unit 6;
  • the power storage unit 18 is electrically connected to the output end of the controller 11, the output end of the power storage unit 18 is connected to the power input end of the electric drive mechanism, the electric steering mechanism through the high voltage management unit 6
  • the power input end of the power supply and the power input end of the working mechanism are electrically connected.
  • the operating mechanism includes a pilot handle 14, an electronically controlled steering gear 15, an electronic brake pedal 5, and an electronic accelerator pedal 17;
  • the pilot handle 14 , the electronically controlled steering gear 15 , the electronic brake pedal 5 , and the electronic accelerator pedal 17 are electrically connected to the input end of the controller 11 .
  • pilot handle 14 the electronically controlled steering gear 15, the electronic brake pedal 5, and the electronic accelerator pedal 17 respectively provide the controller 11 with operation signals, steering signals, braking signals and acceleration signals;
  • the controller 11 drives the electric steering mechanism according to the steering signal provided by the electric steering gear 15;
  • the controller 11 drives the electric drive mechanism according to the acceleration signal and the braking signal provided by the electronic brake pedal 5 and the electronic accelerator pedal 17;
  • the controller 11 drives the working mechanism according to the working signal provided by the pilot handle 14 .
  • the working mechanism includes a boom servo electric cylinder 12, a bucket servo electric cylinder 13, a movable arm, and a bucket;
  • the output end of the controller 11 is electrically connected to the control end of the boom servo electric cylinder 12 and the control end of the bucket servo electric cylinder 13, and the output end of the boom servo electric cylinder 12 is connected to the movable
  • the arm is hinged, the output end of the bucket servo electric cylinder 13 is hinged to the bucket, the power input end of the boom servo electric cylinder 12, the power input end of the bucket servo electric cylinder 13 are connected to the high voltage management unit 6's output terminals are electrically connected.
  • the pilot handle 14 is divided into four major directions: front, rear, left, and right.
  • the controller 11 controls the boom servo electric cylinder 12 and the bucket servo electric cylinder 13 respectively.
  • Control to realize the action of raising and lowering the boom, retracting and unloading the bucket, respectively controlling the displacement of different servo electric cylinders to extend or retract through the signal value of the pilot handle 14, it should be understood that the pilot handle 14 provides The signal can be an analog control signal or a CAN control signal, which is not specifically limited here.
  • the electric cylinder mechanism includes a first servo electric cylinder 2 and a second servo electric cylinder 3;
  • the output end of the first servo electric cylinder 2 is hinged to the first side of the bogie 19, the output end of the second servo electric cylinder 3 is hinged to the second side of the bogie 19, and the first The control end of the servo electric cylinder 2 and the control end of the second servo electric cylinder 3 are electrically connected to the output end of the controller 11, the power input end of the first servo electric cylinder 2, the power supply of the second servo electric cylinder 3 The input end is electrically connected with the output end of the high voltage management unit 6 .
  • the electronically controlled steering gear 15 can rotate left or right, and then send a steering signal to the controller 11, and the controller 11 generates a corresponding control signal to the first servo electric cylinder 2 ,
  • the second servo electric cylinder 3 realizes the left and right steering of the loader;
  • the drive assembly includes a drive motor 1 and a motor driver 4;
  • the input end of the motor driver 4 is electrically connected to the output end of the controller 11
  • the output end of the motor driver 4 is electrically connected to the drive motor 1
  • the output shaft of the drive motor 1 is connected to the Transmission mechanism connection.
  • the electronic brake pedal 5 and the electronic accelerator pedal 17 are used to provide the controller 11 with a braking signal and an acceleration signal, and the controller 11 judges whether the electronic braking is performed according to the braking signal and the acceleration signal.
  • the opening of the pedal 5 and the electronic accelerator pedal 17 generates a corresponding control signal to the motor driver 4, and then drives the drive motor 1 through the motor driver 4, specifically: the electronic brake pedal 5 and the electronic accelerator pedal
  • the control signal of 17 is mainly aimed at driving the motor 1 .
  • the opening degree of the electronic brake pedal 5 corresponds to the braking torque of the driving motor 1; the electronic accelerator pedal 17 corresponds to the driving torque of the driving motor 1; The machine moves forward and backward.
  • the advantages of the all-electric drive system are fully utilized. Under the condition of near zero speed or peak load, the strong overload capacity of the motor is used to output instantaneous high torque to meet the driving needs of extreme conditions; secondly, under the condition of braking the whole vehicle, according to the braking signal of the brake pedal Apply braking torque to the traveling motor, and electrically recover the braking energy of the vehicle while braking; it should be understood that energy recovery means that when the loader is braking, the control gives the motor controller 11 an excitation Torque, the motor will be in the state of generating electricity. Energy recovery is performed at this time.
  • the drive motor 1 is a double-extended shaft permanent magnet synchronous motor.
  • the transmission mechanism includes a front drive shaft 10, a rear drive shaft 9, a drive front axle 7, and a drive rear axle 8;
  • the first end of the front transmission shaft 10 is connected to the first shaft of the double-extended shaft permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the first end of the rear transmission shaft 9 is connected to the first shaft of the double-extended shaft permanent magnet synchronous motor.
  • the two shafts are connected, the second end of the front transmission shaft 10 is connected with the driving front axle 7, the second end of the rear transmission shaft 9 is connected with the driving rear axle 8, and the driving front axle 7 and the driving front axle 7 are connected.
  • the driving rear axle 8 is connected with the driving wheels.
  • front transmission shaft 10, the rear transmission shaft 9, the driving front axle 7, and the driving rear axle 8 are used to transmit the output of the driving motor 1 to the driving wheels, so as to drive the loader.
  • the power storage unit 18 is a lithium iron phosphate battery.
  • the servo electric cylinder is used to replace the traditional hydraulic cylinder to directly drive the steering system and the working system, which eliminates various pressure losses caused by the hydraulic system and optimizes the layout of the machine components.
  • the use of the servo electric cylinder can quickly respond to the signal sent by the controller 11 assembly, which improves the handling of the vehicle.
  • the second embodiment of the present invention provides a loader, including a distributed all-electric drive system as described in any one of the above.
  • the controller 11 drives the electric drive mechanism by receiving the brake signal and acceleration signal of the operating mechanism, and the controller 11 drives the electric drive mechanism through The working signal of the operating mechanism drives the working mechanism, and the controller 11 drives the electric steering mechanism through the steering signal.
  • the system cancels the hydraulic system, reduces energy consumption, and improves the response speed of the vehicle. Improve the handling of the vehicle.

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  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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Abstract

一种分布式的全电驱动系统及装载机，包括：车架、配置在车架上的电动驱动机构、电动转向机构、工作机构、能量管理单元、控制器（11）以及操作机构；操作机构与控制器（11）的输入端电气连接，控制器（11）的输出端与电动驱动机构、电动转向机构、工作机构的控制端电气连接以及能量管理单元的控制端电气连接，能量管理单元的输出端与电动驱动机构、电动转向机构、工作机构的电源输入端电气连接；电动驱动机构包括驱动组件以及传动机构，驱动组件的输出端与传动机构连接，传动机构的输出端用于连接配置在车架上的驱动轮；电动转向机构包括铰接在车架上的转向架（19）、与转向架（19）铰接的电缸机构。该分布式的全电驱动系统及装载机解决了现有的装载机运行效率低的问题。

Description

一种分布式的全电驱动系统及其装载机 技术领域
本发明涉及装载机领域，特别涉及一种分布式的全电驱动系统及其装载机。
背景技术
由于工程机械使用数量庞大，且都是配置大排量的内燃机，因此工程机械的排放量远超于其他行业。对工程机械的节能减排技术研究具有重要的意义。工程机械的工作环境相当恶劣，负载波动巨大。要保证整车良好的节能性与操控性，对行走系统与液压系统的驱动性能提出了较高的要求，具体表现为：1、装载机在作业过程中工作机构装置需要频繁地对物料进行装斗、卸料。为了达到更高的作业效率，对工作机构装置的响应性有很高的要求；2、装载机在作业过程中是多次的循环周期重复工作，需要频繁的启停，对装载机行走驱动系统的响应性与动力性提出了很高的要求；传统的装载机中多采用由变矩器+变速箱来降转速增扭矩。液压变矩器的低效率问题，使得整车的效率大大降低；变速箱在挡位切换，离合器结合过程中建压时间长，使得车辆在前进后退档位切换中产生延时，整机的响应性得不到保证。
有鉴于此，提出本申请。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种分布式的全电驱动系统及其装载机，旨在解决现有 的装载机运行效率低的问题。
本发明第一实施例提供了一种分布式的全电驱动系统，包括：车架、配置在所述车架上的电动驱动机构、电动转向机构、工作机构、能量管理单元、控制器、以及操作机构；
其中，所述操作机构的与所述控制器的输入端电气连接，所述控制器的输出端与所述电动驱动机构的控制端、所述电动转向机构的控制端、所述工作机构的控制端电气连接、以及所述能量管理单元的控制端电气连接，所述能量管理单元的输出端与所述电动驱动机构的电源输入端、所述电动转向机构的电源输入端、所述工作机构的电源输入端电气连接；
其中，所述电动驱动机构包括驱动组件、以及传动机构；所述驱动组件的输出端与所述传动机构连接，所述传动机构的输出端用于连接配置在所述车架上的驱动轮；
其中，所述电动转向机构包括铰接在所述车架上的转向架、与所述转向架铰接的电缸机构。
优选地，所述能量管理单元包括电量存储单元、高压管理单元；
所述电量存储单元与所述控制器的输出端电气连接，所述电量存储单元的输出端通过所述高压管理单元与所述电动驱动机构的电源输入端、所述电动转向机构的电源输入端、所述工作机构的电源输入端电气连接。
优选地，所述操作机构包括先导手柄、电控转向器、电子制动踏板、以及电子油门踏板；
其中，所述先导手柄、所述电控转向器、所述电子制动踏板、以及所 述电子油门踏板与所述控制器的输入端电气连接。
优选地，所述工作机构包括动臂伺服电动缸、铲斗伺服电动缸、活动臂、以及铲斗；
所述控制器的输出端与所述动臂伺服电动缸的控制端、所述铲斗伺服电动缸的控制端电气连接，所述动臂伺服电动缸的输出端与所述活动臂铰接，所述铲斗伺服电动缸的输出端与所述铲斗铰接，所述动臂伺服电动缸的电源输入端、铲斗伺服电动缸的电源输入端与所述高压管理单元的输出端电气连接。
优选地，所述电缸机构包括第一伺服电动缸、第二伺服电动缸；
所述第一伺服电动缸的输出端与所述转向架的第一侧铰接，所述第二伺服电动缸的输出端与所述转向架的第二侧铰接，所述第一伺服电动缸的控制端、第二伺服电动缸的控制端与所述控制器的输出端电气连接，所述第一伺服电动缸的电源输入端、第二伺服电动缸的电源输入端与所述高压管理单元的输出端电气连接。
优选地，所述驱动组件包括，驱动电机、电机驱动器；
其中，所述电机驱动器的输入端与所述控制器的输出端电气连接，所述电机驱动器的输出端与所述驱动电机电气连接，所述驱动电机的输出轴与所述传动机构连接。
优选地，所述驱动电机为双伸出轴永磁同步电机。
优选地，所述传动机构包括前传动轴、后传动轴、驱动前桥、以及驱动后桥；
所述前传动轴的第一端与所述双伸出轴永磁同步电机的第一轴连接， 所述后传动轴的第一端与所述双伸出轴永磁同步电机的第二轴连接，所述前传动轴的第二端与所述驱动前桥连接，所述后传动轴的第二端与所述驱动后桥连接，所述驱动前桥和所述驱动后桥与所述驱动轮连接。
优选地，所述电量存储单元为磷酸铁锂蓄电池。
本发明第二实施例提供了一种装载机，包括如上任意一项所述的一种分布式的全电驱动系统。
基于本发明提供的一种分布式的全电驱动系统及其装载机，所述控制器通过接收所述操作机构的制动信号和加速信号驱动所述电动驱动机构，所述控制器通过所述操作机构的工作信号来驱动所述工作机构，所述控制器通过所述转向信号来驱动电动转向机构，系统取消了液压系统，减少了能量的消耗，提高了整车的响应速度，提升了整车的操控性。
附图说明
图1是发明第一实施例提供的一种分布式的全电驱动系统的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施方式的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施方式中的附图，对本发明实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施方式是本发明一部分实施方式，而不是全部的实施方式。基于本发明中的实施方式，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都属于本发明保护的范围。因此，以下对在附图中提供的本发明的实施方式的详细描述并非旨在 限制要求保护的本发明的范围，而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施方式。基于本发明中的实施方式，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都属于本发明保护的范围。
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施例做详细说明。
本发明公开了一种分布式的全电驱动系统及其装载机，旨在解决现有的装载机运行效率低的问题。
请参阅图1，本发明第一实施例提供了一种分布式的全电驱动系统，包括：车架、配置在所述车架上的电动驱动机构、电动转向机构、工作机构、能量管理单元、控制器11、以及操作机构；
其中，所述操作机构的与所述控制器11的输入端电气连接，所述控制器11的输出端与所述电动驱动机构的控制端、所述电动转向机构的控制端、所述工作机构的控制端电气连接、以及所述能量管理单元的控制端电气连接，所述能量管理单元的输出端与所述电动驱动机构的电源输入端、所述电动转向机构的电源输入端、所述工作机构的电源输入端电气连接；
其中，所述电动驱动机构包括驱动组件、以及传动机构；所述驱动组件的输出端与所述传动机构连接，所述传动机构的输出端用于连接配置在所述车架上的驱动轮；
其中，所述电动转向机构包括铰接在所述车架上的转向架19、与所述转向架19铰接的电缸机构。
需要说明的是，在现有技术中，装载机大都配置采用采用由变矩器和变速箱来降转速增扭矩，液压变矩器的低效率问题，使得整车的效率大大 降低；变速箱在挡位切换，离合器结合过程中建压时间长，使得车辆在前进后退档位切换中产生延时，整机的响应性得不到保证。
在本实施例中，所述控制器11通过接收所述操作机构的制动信号和加速信号驱动所述电动驱动机构，取消了效率较低的液力变矩器，提升系统的效率；同时取消了变速箱，减少了换挡过程变速箱建压时间带来的延时；所述控制器11通过所述转向信号来驱动电动转向机构，所述控制器11通过所述操作机构的工作信号来驱动所述工作机构，通过伺服电动缸取代传统的液压油缸直接驱动转向系统与工作系，消除了液压系统所带来的各类压力损失，优化的整机部件的布置。使用伺服电动缸能够快速的响应控制器11总成发出的信号，提升了整车的操控性。
优选地，所述能量管理单元包括电量存储单元18、高压管理单元6；
所述电量存储单元18与所述控制器11的输出端电气连接，所述电量存储单元18的输出端通过所述高压管理单元6与所述电动驱动机构的电源输入端、所述电动转向机构的电源输入端、所述工作机构的电源输入端电气连接。
在本发明一个可能的实施例中，所述操作机构包括先导手柄14、电控转向器15、电子制动踏板5、以及电子油门踏板17；
其中，所述先导手柄14、所述电控转向器15、所述电子制动踏板5、以及所述电子油门踏板17与所述控制器11的输入端电气连接。
需要说明的是，所述先导手柄14、电控转向器15、电子制动踏板5、以及电子油门踏板17分别向所述控制器11提供操作信号、转向信号、制动信号和加速信号；
所述控制器11根据所述电控转向器15提供的所述转向信号，驱动所述电动转向机构；
所述控制器11根据所述电子制动踏板5、以及电子油门踏板17提供的所述加速信号和所述制动信号，驱动所述电动驱动机构；
所述控制器11根据所述先导手柄14提供的所述工作信号，驱动所述工作机构。
在本发明一个可能的实施例中，所述工作机构包括动臂伺服电动缸12、铲斗伺服电动缸13、活动臂、以及铲斗；
所述控制器11的输出端与所述动臂伺服电动缸12的控制端、所述铲斗伺服电动缸13的控制端电气连接，所述动臂伺服电动缸12的输出端与所述活动臂铰接，所述铲斗伺服电动缸13的输出端与所述铲斗铰接，所述动臂伺服电动缸12的电源输入端、铲斗伺服电动缸13的电源输入端与所述高压管理单元6的输出端电气连接。
需要说明的是，所述先导手柄14分为前、后、左、右四个大方向，所述控制器11接收到工作信号之后分别对动臂伺服电动缸12、铲斗伺服电动缸13进行控制，实现动臂升、降，收斗、卸斗的动作，通过先导手柄14的信号值大小分别控制不同伺服电动缸的伸出或收回的位移，应当理解的是，所述先导手柄14提供的信号可以是模拟量控制信号或者CAN控制信号，这里不做具体限定。
在本发明一个可能的实施例中，所述电缸机构包括第一伺服电动缸2、第二伺服电动缸3；
所述第一伺服电动缸2的输出端与所述转向架19的第一侧铰接，所述 第二伺服电动缸3的输出端与所述转向架19的第二侧铰接，所述第一伺服电动缸2的控制端、第二伺服电动缸3的控制端与所述控制器11的输出端电气连接，所述第一伺服电动缸2的电源输入端、第二伺服电动缸3的电源输入端与所述高压管理单元6的输出端电气连接。
需要说明的是，所述电控转向器15可以向左或者向右旋转，进而发出转向信号至所述控制器11，所述控制器11生成对应的控制信号至所述第一伺服电动缸2、第二伺服电动缸3，实现装载机的左、右转向；
在本发明一个可能的实施例中，所述驱动组件包括，驱动电机1、电机驱动器4；
其中，所述电机驱动器4的输入端与所述控制器11的输出端电气连接，所述电机驱动器4的输出端与所述驱动电机1电气连接，所述驱动电机1的输出轴与所述传动机构连接。
需要说明的是，电子制动踏板5与电子油门踏板17用于向所述控制器11提供制动信号和加速信号，所述控制器11根据所述制动信号和加速信号来判断电子制动踏板5与电子油门踏板17的开度大小，生成对应的控制信号至所述电机驱动器4，进而通过所述电机驱动器4驱动所述驱动电机1，具体地：电子制动踏板5与电子油门踏板17的控制信号主要是针对驱动电机1。电子制动踏板5开度对应驱动电机1的制动扭矩；电子油门踏板17对应驱动电机1的驱动扭矩；控制器11总成通过整机的挡位信号，从而控制行走电机正反转，实现整机前进与后退。
本实施例中，充分发挥全电驱动系统的优势。在近零转速或峰值负载工况下，利用电机的强过载能力输出瞬时大扭矩，满足极限工况的驱动需求；其次，在整车制动的工况下，根据制动踏板的制动信号给行走电机施 加制动力矩，制动的同时对整车的制动能量进行电气式回收；应当理解，能量回收就是装载机在进行制动的情况下，所述控制给电机控制器11一个励磁扭矩，电机就会处于发电的状态。此时进行能量回收。
在本发明一个可能的实施例中，所述驱动电机1为双伸出轴永磁同步电机。
需要说明的是，在其他实施例中，还可以采用其他类型的驱动电机1，这里不做具体限定，但这些方案均在本发明的保护范围内。
在本发明一个可能的实施例中，所述传动机构包括前传动轴10、后传动轴9、驱动前桥7、以及驱动后桥8；
所述前传动轴10的第一端与所述双伸出轴永磁同步电机的第一轴连接，所述后传动轴9的第一端与所述双伸出轴永磁同步电机的第二轴连接，所述前传动轴10的第二端与所述驱动前桥7连接，所述后传动轴9的第二端与所述驱动后桥8连接，所述驱动前桥7和所述驱动后桥8与所述驱动轮连接。
需要说明的是，所述前传动轴10、后传动轴9、驱动前桥7、以及驱动后桥8用于将所述驱动电机1的输出传递给驱动轮，以实现对装载机的驱动。
在本发明一个可能的实施例中，所述电量存储单元18为磷酸铁锂蓄电池。
需要说明的是，在其他实施例中，还可以采用其他类型的电池作为储能单元，这里不做具体限定，但这些方案均在本发明的保护范围内。
本实施例与现有技术相比具有明显的优点和有益效果，具体而言，由 上述技术方案可知：
(1)在行走驱动方面主要为双伸出轴行走电机驱动直接驱动，取消了效率较低的液力变矩器，提升系统的效率；同时取消了变速箱，减少了换挡过程变速箱建压时间带来的延时，提升系统响应性的同时也利用了电机的强过载能力。电机双伸出轴输出，同时驱动前后驱动桥；利用电机的正反转功能实现整车的前进与后退行走。此外，装载机在作业过程中伴随着频繁的制动，在制动过程中通过行走电机回收制动能，提高系统的能量利用率。
(2)在转向系统与工作系统方面。装载机无论是转向液压系统还是工作液压系统，都存在大量的溢流损失、节流损失等等。本实施例利用伺服电动缸取代传统的液压油缸直接驱动转向系统与工作系，消除了液压系统所带来的各类压力损失，优化的整机部件的布置。使用伺服电动缸能够快速的响应控制器11总成发出的信号，提升了整车的操控性。
本发明第二实施例提供了一种装载机，包括如上任意一项所述的一种分布式的全电驱动系统。
基于本发明提供的一种分布式的全电驱动系统及其装载机，所述控制器11通过接收所述操作机构的制动信号和加速信号驱动所述电动驱动机构，所述控制器11通过所述操作机构的工作信号来驱动所述工作机构，所述控制器11通过所述转向信号来驱动电动转向机构，系统取消了液压系统，减少了能量的消耗，提高了整车的响应速度，提升了整车的操控性。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式，本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例，凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种分布式的全电驱动系统,其特征在于，包括：车架、配置在所述车架上的电动驱动机构、电动转向机构、工作机构、能量管理单元、控制器、以及操作机构；
    其中，所述操作机构与所述控制器的输入端电气连接，所述控制器的输出端与所述电动驱动机构的控制端、所述电动转向机构的控制端、所述工作机构的控制端电气连接、以及所述能量管理单元的控制端电气连接，所述能量管理单元的输出端与所述电动驱动机构的电源输入端、所述电动转向机构的电源输入端、所述工作机构的电源输入端电气连接；
    其中，所述电动驱动机构包括驱动组件、以及传动机构；所述驱动组件的输出端与所述传动机构连接，所述传动机构的输出端用于连接配置在所述车架上的驱动轮；
    其中，所述电动转向机构包括铰接在所述车架上的转向架、与所述转向架铰接的电缸机构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种分布式的全电驱动系统,其特征在于，所述能量管理单元包括电量存储单元、高压管理单元；
    所述电量存储单元与所述控制器的输出端电气连接，所述电量存储单元的输出端通过所述高压管理单元与所述电动驱动机构的电源输入端、所述电动转向机构的电源输入端、所述工作机构的电源输入端电气连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种分布式的全电驱动系统,其特征在于，所述操作机构包括先导手柄、电控转向器、电子制动踏板、以及电子油门踏板；
    其中，所述先导手柄、所述电控转向器、所述电子制动踏板、以及所述电子油门踏板与所述控制器的输入端电气连接。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种分布式的全电驱动系统,其特征在于，所述工作机构包括动臂伺服电动缸、铲斗伺服电动缸、活动臂、以及铲斗；
    所述控制器的输出端与所述动臂伺服电动缸的控制端、所述铲斗伺服电动缸的控制端电气连接，所述动臂伺服电动缸的输出端与所述活动臂铰接，所述铲斗伺服电动缸的输出端与所述铲斗铰接，所述动臂伺服电动缸的电源输入端、铲斗伺服电动缸的电源输入端与所述高压管理单元的输出端电气连接。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的一种分布式的全电驱动系统,其特征在于，所述电缸机构包括第一伺服电动缸、第二伺服电动缸；
    所述第一伺服电动缸的输出端与所述转向架的第一侧铰接，所述第二伺服电动缸的输出端与所述转向架的第二侧铰接，所述第一伺服电动缸的控制端、第二伺服电动缸的控制端与所述控制器的输出端电气连接，所述第一伺服电动缸的电源输入端、第二伺服电动缸的电源输入端与所述高压管理单元的输出端电气连接。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的一种分布式的全电驱动系统,其特征在于，所述驱动组件包括，驱动电机、电机驱动器；
    其中，所述电机驱动器的输入端与所述控制器的输出端电气连接，所述电机驱动器的输出端与所述驱动电机电气连接，所述驱动电机的输出轴与所述传动机构连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种分布式的全电驱动系统,其特征在于， 所述驱动电机为双伸出轴永磁同步电机。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种分布式的全电驱动系统,其特征在于，所述传动机构包括前传动轴、后传动轴、驱动前桥、以及驱动后桥；
    所述前传动轴的第一端与所述双伸出轴永磁同步电机的第一轴连接，所述后传动轴的第一端与所述双伸出轴永磁同步电机的第二轴连接，所述前传动轴的第二端与所述驱动前桥连接，所述后传动轴的第二端与所述驱动后桥连接，所述驱动前桥和所述驱动后桥与所述驱动轮连接。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的一种分布式的全电驱动系统,其特征在于，所述电量存储单元为磷酸铁锂蓄电池。
  10. 一种装载机，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至9任意一项所述的一种分布式的全电驱动系统。
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