WO2023126015A1 - 一种多层衍射光波导器件及近眼显示装置 - Google Patents
一种多层衍射光波导器件及近眼显示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023126015A1 WO2023126015A1 PCT/CN2023/074660 CN2023074660W WO2023126015A1 WO 2023126015 A1 WO2023126015 A1 WO 2023126015A1 CN 2023074660 W CN2023074660 W CN 2023074660W WO 2023126015 A1 WO2023126015 A1 WO 2023126015A1
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- diffractive microstructure
- diffractive
- microstructure
- waveguide
- outcoupling
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
- G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of optical imaging, in particular to a multilayer diffractive optical waveguide device and a near-eye display device.
- Augmented Reality (AR) technology is a technology that integrates virtual information with the real world. When using augmented reality equipment, it is necessary to ensure that both virtual information and the real external world can be observed.
- An optical waveguide is a device that can trap signal beams inside and transmit the signal light in a specific direction. At the same time, the optical waveguide has good light transmission. Based on these properties, the optical waveguide can be used as a display for augmented reality near-eye display devices.
- the optical waveguide directs the signal light projected by the projector to the human eye, so the human eye can see the image to be displayed, and because the optical waveguide has good light transmission, the human eye can clearly see the real image behind the waveguide. environment, so what the human eye finally sees is the fusion of the image to be displayed and the real environment.
- Optical waveguides can be divided into geometrical optical waveguides and diffractive optical waveguides according to different realization principles. Due to the advantages of thin thickness, light weight, and good light transmission, diffractive optical waveguides have gradually become the preferred solution for displays in augmented reality near-eye display devices.
- the diffractive optical waveguide is composed of a waveguide layer and a diffractive microstructure on the surface of the waveguide layer.
- the diffractive microstructure includes: an in-coupling area and an out-coupling area. There may be a turning area between the in-coupling area and the out-coupling area.
- the diffractive microstructures in the turning and outcoupling regions can be on the same surface of the waveguide layer, or can be located on two surfaces of the waveguide layer respectively.
- the optical waveguide in the prior art is usually a single-layer optical waveguide. Due to the limitation of the diffraction characteristics, after the signal light emitted by the optical machine is diffracted by the diffractive microstructure in the coupling area, only a small part of the beam propagates in the direction of total reflection, which can Transmitting in the waveguide layer and reaching the outcoupling region is utilized, most of the light energy is transmitted to the outside through the waveguide layer, resulting in poor display effect of the waveguide.
- the optical machine 10 shoots the light beam into the waveguide plate. Part of the light beam a in the figure finally enters the human eye 20 after a series of reflections and diffractions. The other part of the light beam c directly passes through the waveguide layer and cannot enter the waveguide layer. Reflection, low energy utilization rate, resulting in a great waste of energy, not only will lead to low brightness of the display image of the waveguide device, but also lead to The waste of efficiency is not conducive to reducing the power consumption of the near-waveguide device, and limits the battery life of the system.
- L0 in Figure 2(a) is the incident signal light, assuming that its energy is 1, and the first-order diffraction efficiency of the diffraction microstructure in the turning area is ⁇ ( ⁇ 1), then the turning light L1,
- the energies of L2 and L3 are ⁇ , (1- ⁇ ) ⁇ and (1- ⁇ ) 2 ⁇ respectively, which shows that their energies are decreasing.
- the order diffraction efficiency of the outgoing light corresponding to the diffraction microstructure in the outcoupling region is ⁇ ( ⁇ 1)
- the energy of the outcoupling light L11, L12 and L13 is ⁇ , ⁇ (1- ⁇ ) ⁇ and ⁇ (1- ⁇ ) 2 ⁇ , their energies are also decreasing.
- the length of light in Figure (a) indicates the relative energy of the outcoupling light, which shows a sequential attenuation from the upper left corner of the outcoupling area to the lower right corner of the outcoupling area. , so that the image to be displayed should be as shown in Figure 2(b), and due to the attenuation of energy, the actual displayed image is as shown in Figure 2(c), that is, the problem of uneven brightness when the waveguide displays a pure color image .
- the single-layer waveguide due to the limited path of light transmission in the single-layer waveguide, especially for large-angle incident light, the number of reflections and diffractions in the waveguide is even more limited.
- the single-layer waveguide will also lead to low light density and sparse exit pupil expansion. question.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-layer diffractive optical waveguide device and a near-eye display device, aiming at solving the problem of the single-layer optical waveguide in the prior art due to the transmission of part of the optical signal through the waveguide layer to the in-coupling region.
- the external environment leads to low energy utilization, and due to the attenuation of energy in the outcoupling area, the problem of uneven brightness and sparse exit pupil expansion occurs when the waveguide displays a pure color image.
- a multilayer diffractive optical waveguide device comprising:
- It includes: a plurality of waveguide plates, and the plurality of waveguide plates are arranged at intervals;
- a plurality of diffractive microstructure layers, a plurality of said diffractive microstructure layers include:
- the first diffractive microstructure layer is disposed on the incident side of the outermost waveguide plate
- the second diffractive microstructure layer is disposed between adjacent waveguide plates;
- the first diffractive microstructure layer and the second diffractive microstructure layer are located in the same area in the thickness direction of multiple waveguide plates, and the first diffractive microstructure layer and the second diffractive microstructure layer The area decreases or increases along the direction of beam expansion.
- a plurality of said diffractive microstructure layers also include:
- a third diffractive microstructure layer is arranged opposite to the first diffractive microstructure layer, and is located on the other outermost waveguide plate for total reflection or partial reflection;
- the areas of the first diffractive microstructure layer, the second diffractive microstructure layer and the third diffractive microstructure layer decrease or increase along the beam expansion direction.
- the plurality of waveguide plates have different thicknesses.
- the plurality of waveguide plates is set to two, namely the first waveguide plate and the second waveguide plate;
- One side of the first waveguide plate is connected to the first diffractive microstructure layer, the other side is connected to the second diffractive microstructure layer, and one side of the second waveguide plate is connected to the second diffractive microstructure layer layer, and the other side is connected to the third diffractive microstructure layer.
- the first diffractive microstructure layer includes:
- the first in-coupling diffractive microstructure and the first out-coupling diffractive microstructure, the first in-coupling diffractive microstructure and the first outcoupling diffractive microstructure are connected and arranged on the same side of the first waveguide plate, and The first in-coupling diffractive microstructure and the first out-coupling diffractive microstructure are spaced apart;
- the first diffractive microstructure layer comprises:
- the first incoupling diffractive microstructure, the first outcoupling diffractive microstructure and the first kink diffractive microstructure, the first incoupling diffractive microstructure, the first outcoupling diffractive microstructure and the first kink diffractive microstructure are all connected and arranged on the same side of the first waveguide plate, and the first in-coupling diffractive microstructure, the first out-coupling diffractive microstructure and the first inflection diffractive microstructure are arranged at intervals.
- the second diffractive microstructure layer includes: a second incoupling diffractive microstructure and a second outcoupling diffractive microstructure,
- the second incoupling diffractive microstructure and the first incoupling diffractive microstructure are arranged in the same area in the same thickness direction of the first waveguide plate, and one side of the second incoupling diffractive microstructure is connected to the the first waveguide, the other side of which is connected to the second waveguide;
- the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure and the first outcoupling diffractive microstructure are arranged in the same area in the same thickness direction of the first waveguide plate, and one side of the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure is connected to the The other side of the first waveguide plate is connected to the second waveguide plate, and the areas of the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure and the first outcoupling diffractive microstructure decrease or increase along the beam expansion direction;
- the second diffractive microstructure layer includes: a second incoupling diffractive microstructure, a second outcoupling diffractive microstructure and Second turning diffraction microstructure;
- the second incoupling diffractive microstructure and the first incoupling diffractive microstructure are arranged in the same area in the same thickness direction of the first waveguide plate, and one side of the second incoupling diffractive microstructure is connected to the the first waveguide, the other side of which is connected to the second waveguide;
- the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure and the first outcoupling diffractive microstructure are arranged in the same area in the same thickness direction of the first waveguide plate, and one side of the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure is connected to the The other side of the first waveguide plate is connected to the second waveguide plate, and the areas of the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure and the first outcoupling diffractive microstructure decrease or increase along the beam expansion direction;
- the second deflection diffractive microstructure and the first deflection diffractive microstructure are arranged in the same area in the same thickness direction of the first waveguide plate, and one side of the second deflection diffractive microstructure is connected to the first waveguide The other side is connected to the second waveguide plate, and the areas of the second deflection diffractive microstructure and the first deflection diffractive microstructure decrease or increase along the beam expansion direction.
- the third diffractive microstructure layer includes: a third incoupling diffractive microstructure and a third outcoupling diffractive microstructure;
- the third incoupling diffractive microstructure and the second incoupling diffractive microstructure are arranged in the same area in the same thickness direction of the second waveguide plate, and are connected to the second waveguide plate;
- the third outcoupling diffractive microstructure and the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure are arranged in the same area in the same thickness direction of the second waveguide plate, and are connected to the second waveguide plate, the third outcoupling The areas of the outcoupling diffractive microstructure and the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure decrease or increase along the beam expansion direction;
- the third diffractive microstructure layer includes: a third incoupling diffractive microstructure, a third outcoupling diffractive microstructure and a third inflection diffractive microstructure,
- the third incoupling diffractive microstructure and the second incoupling diffractive microstructure are arranged in the same area in the same thickness direction of the second waveguide plate, and are connected to the second waveguide plate;
- the third outcoupling diffractive microstructure and the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure are arranged in the same area in the same thickness direction of the second waveguide plate, and are connected to the second waveguide plate, the third outcoupling The areas of the outcoupling diffractive microstructure and the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure decrease or increase along the beam expansion direction;
- the third deflection diffractive microstructure and the second deflection diffractive microstructure are arranged in the same area in the same thickness direction of the second waveguide plate, and are connected to the second waveguide plate, the third deflection diffractive microstructure structure and the The area of the two-bend diffractive microstructure decreases or increases along the beam expansion direction.
- first outcoupling diffractive microstructure, the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure and the third outcoupling diffractive microstructure are all provided with one or more holes;
- first outcoupling diffractive microstructure, the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure and the third outcoupling diffractive microstructure are arranged as a plurality of discontinuous regions;
- One or more holes are provided on the first deflected diffractive microstructure, the second deflected diffractive microstructure and the third deflected diffractive microstructure;
- first deflected diffractive microstructure, the second deflected diffractive microstructure and the third deflected diffractive microstructure are arranged as a plurality of discontinuous regions.
- a reflector is arranged on the third in-coupling diffractive microstructure, and the reflector is used to reflect the light transmitted by the second in-coupling diffractive microstructure.
- a near-eye display device comprising: the above-mentioned multi-layer diffractive optical waveguide device.
- the present invention provides a multi-layer diffractive optical waveguide device and a near-eye display device.
- a plurality of diffractive microstructure layers are provided, and a plurality of said diffractive microstructure layers include: a first diffractive A microstructure layer and a second diffractive microstructure layer, the first diffractive microstructure layer is disposed on the incident side of the outermost waveguide plate, and the second diffractive microstructure layer is disposed between adjacent waveguide plates , the first diffractive microstructure layer and the second diffractive microstructure layer are located in the same area in the thickness direction of multiple waveguide plates, and the first diffractive microstructure layer and the second diffractive microstructure layer The area decreases or increases along the direction of beam expansion.
- This method of increasing the light density makes up for the problem of energy attenuation of a single light. It makes the brightness more uniform when the waveguide displays a solid color image, and increases the density of the exit pupil expansion. It can also greatly reduce the number of light beams passing through the waveguide layer, so that most of the light beams can be reflected in the waveguide layer, increase energy utilization, reduce energy waste, and solve the problem of single-layer optical waveguide in the coupling area in the prior art. Part of the optical signal is transmitted to the outside through the waveguide layer, resulting in low energy utilization, and due to energy attenuation in the outcoupling region, the problem of uneven brightness and sparse exit pupil expansion occurs when the waveguide displays a pure color image.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of light transmission in the prior art
- Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of light energy distribution in a single-layer waveguide in the prior art
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a multilayer diffractive optical waveguide device and a near-eye display device embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a multilayer diffractive optical waveguide device and a near-eye display device embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the area of each diffractive microstructure layer in an embodiment of a multilayer diffractive optical waveguide device and a near-eye display device according to the present invention
- Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of holes in each diffractive microstructure layer of an embodiment of a multilayer diffractive optical waveguide device and a near-eye display device according to the present invention
- 7-8 are schematic diagrams of light propagation in a multilayer diffractive optical waveguide device and a near-eye display device embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a multilayer diffractive optical waveguide device and a near-eye display device according to the present invention with only the first coupled-in diffractive microstructure and the second coupled-in diffractive microstructure;
- Fig. 10 is a structural schematic diagram of a multilayer diffractive optical waveguide device and a near-eye display device embodiment of the present invention having a first coupled-in diffractive microstructure, a second coupled-in diffractive microstructure and a third coupled-in diffractive microstructure;
- Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of a multilayer diffractive optical waveguide device and a near-eye display device embodiment of the present invention provided with a reflector;
- references numerals 10, optical machine; 20, human eye; 110, first waveguide plate; 120, second waveguide plate; 210, first diffractive microstructure layer; 211, first coupling-in diffractive microstructure; 212, The first outcoupling diffractive microstructure; 213, the first deflection diffractive microstructure; 220, the second diffractive microstructure layer; 221, the second incoupling diffractive microstructure; 222, the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure; 223, the second 230, the third diffractive microstructure layer; 231, the third in-coupling diffractive microstructure; 232, the third out-coupling diffractive microstructure; 233, the third deflecting diffractive microstructure; 300, the reflector.
- the present invention provides a multilayer diffractive optical waveguide device and a near-eye display device.
- a multilayer diffractive optical waveguide device and a near-eye display device.
- first and second are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features.
- the features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features.
- “plurality” means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.
- the first feature may be in direct contact with the first feature or the first and second feature may be in direct contact with the second feature through an intermediary. touch.
- “above”, “above” and “above” the first feature on the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
- “Below”, “beneath” and “beneath” the first feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less horizontally than the second feature.
- the present invention proposes a multilayer diffractive optical waveguide device, and the height direction of the multilayer diffractive optical waveguide device is defined as the thickness direction.
- the multi-layer diffractive optical waveguide device includes: multiple waveguide plates and multiple diffractive microstructure layers, the multiple waveguide plates are arranged at intervals, and the areas of the coupling regions of the multiple diffractive microstructure layers are the same,
- the plurality of diffractive microstructure layers include: a first diffractive microstructure layer 210 and a second diffractive microstructure layer 220 .
- the first diffractive microstructure layer 210 is disposed on the incident side of the outermost waveguide plate, and the second diffractive microstructure layer 220 is disposed between adjacent waveguide plates.
- the first diffractive microstructure layer 210 and the second diffractive microstructure layer 220 are located in the same area in the thickness direction of multiple waveguide plates, and the first diffractive microstructure layer 210 and the second diffractive microstructure layer The area of the structural layer 220 decreases or increases along the beam expansion direction.
- the first diffractive microstructure layer 210 and the second diffractive microstructure layer 220 are used to diffract the incident light and lead out the beam array.
- the first diffractive microstructure layer 210 and the second diffractive microstructure layer 220 decrease or increase in area along the direction of beam expansion, which can ensure that the farther the light travels, the greater the light density per unit area. This method of increasing the light density well compensates The problem of energy attenuation of a single light makes the brightness more uniform when the waveguide displays a pure color image.
- the outcoupling light density is higher. Expansion is more intensive.
- the number of waveguide plates increases, the number of beams passing through the waveguide layer can be greatly reduced, so that most of the beams can be reflected in the waveguide layer, increasing energy utilization, reducing energy waste, and improving the display of the waveguide device
- the brightness of the image reduces the waste of optical-mechanical power, which is conducive to reducing the power consumption of the near-waveguide device and improving the battery life of the system.
- the plurality of diffractive microstructure layers include: a first diffractive microstructure layer 210 and a second diffractive microstructure layer 220, so The first diffractive microstructure layer 210 is disposed on the incident side of the outermost waveguide plate, the second diffractive microstructure layer 220 is disposed between adjacent waveguide plates, and the first diffractive microstructure layer 210 The second diffractive microstructure layer 220 is located in the same area in the thickness direction of the plurality of waveguide plates, and the areas of the first diffractive microstructure layer 210 and the second diffractive microstructure layer 220 are along the beam spreading direction decrement or increment.
- This method of increasing the light density makes up for the problem of energy attenuation of a single light, making the brightness more uniform when the waveguide displays a pure color image, and increasing the output. Pupil dilation density. It can also greatly reduce the number of light beams passing through the waveguide layer, so that most of the light beams can be reflected in the waveguide layer, increase energy utilization, reduce energy waste, and solve the problem of single-layer optical waveguide in the coupling area in the prior art. Part of the optical signal is transmitted to the outside through the waveguide layer, resulting in low energy utilization, and due to energy attenuation in the outcoupling region, the problem of uneven brightness and sparse exit pupil expansion occurs when the waveguide displays a pure color image.
- a plurality of said diffractive microstructure layers also include: The third diffractive microstructure layer 230, the third diffractive microstructure layer 230 is arranged opposite to the first diffractive microstructure layer 210, and is located on the other outermost waveguide plate for total reflection or partial reflection ; The areas of the first diffractive microstructure layer 210, the second diffractive microstructure layer 220 and the third diffractive microstructure layer 230 decrease or increase along the beam expansion direction.
- the third diffractive microstructure layer 230 is used to reflect the incident light and lead out the beam array, which can prevent the light from going out from the outermost waveguide sheet, greatly reducing the number of light beams passing through the waveguide layer, so that most of the light beams can Reflecting in the waveguide layer increases energy utilization.
- a plurality of the waveguide plates have different thicknesses; a plurality of the waveguide plates are set to two, respectively the first waveguide plate 110 and the second waveguide plate 120, one side of the first waveguide 110 is connected to the first diffractive microstructure layer 210, the other side is connected to the second diffractive microstructure layer 220, one side of the second waveguide 120 is connected to the The second diffractive microstructure layer 220 is connected to the third diffractive microstructure layer 230 on the other side.
- the plurality of waveguide plates have different thicknesses, because light rays of the same angle have different light densities when they are transmitted in the waveguide plates of different thicknesses, the thinner the waveguide plates are, the light rays complete a total reflection in the waveguide plates The smaller the period, the denser the light.
- the combination of waveguide plates with different thicknesses is used for optimization, which increases the degree of freedom of optimization and is beneficial to obtain outcoupling light with more uniform energy distribution.
- the plurality of waveguide plates can be set as two, respectively: the first waveguide plate 110 and the second waveguide plate 120, light can enter the first waveguide plate 110 through the first diffractive microstructure layer 210, Part of the light is reflected in the first waveguide 110 and enters the human eye 20 through the first diffractive microstructure layer 210; part of the light passes through the first waveguide 110 and enters the second diffractive microstructure layer 220, reflect in the second waveguide plate 120, enter the human eye 20 through the second diffractive microstructure layer 220; part of the light enters through the second waveguide plate 120 and enters the third diffractive microstructure layer 230, the third diffractive microstructure layer 230 reflects it into the second waveguide plate 120, reflects in the second waveguide plate 120, and enters the human eye 20 through the second diffractive microstructure layer 220 .
- the first waveguide 110 and the second waveguide 120 improve the utilization rate of light, and compared with the single-layer waveguide, energy attenuation can be reduced.
- the thickness of the first waveguide 110 is different from that of the second waveguide 120, and the thickness of the first waveguide 110 can be greater than the thickness of the second waveguide 120, or can be smaller than the thickness of the second waveguide.
- the thickness of the sheet 120 can be optimized for the multilayer diffractive optical waveguide device. It is easy to imagine that for the thickness of multiple waveguides, also It can be set freely according to needs, and it is not necessary to decrease or increase the thickness along the beam expansion direction.
- the first diffractive microstructure layer 210 includes: a first in-coupling diffractive microstructure 211 and a first out-coupling diffractive microstructure 212, the first in-coupling The diffractive microstructure 211 and the first outcoupling diffractive microstructure 212 are connected and arranged on the same side of the first waveguide plate 110, and the first incoupling diffractive microstructure 211 and the first outcoupling diffractive microstructure Structures 212 are spaced apart.
- the first diffractive microstructure layer 210 includes: a first incoupling diffractive microstructure 211, a first outcoupling diffractive microstructure 212 and a first deflection diffractive microstructure 213, the first incoupling diffractive microstructure 211, the The first outcoupling diffractive microstructure 212 and the first inflection diffractive microstructure 213 are connected and arranged on the same side of the first waveguide plate 110, and the first incoupling diffractive microstructure 211, the first The outcoupling diffractive microstructure 212 and the first inflection diffractive microstructure 213 are arranged at intervals.
- the light enters the first waveguide plate 110 from the first incoupling diffractive microstructure 211, enters the first deflection diffractive microstructure 213 again, and then The first deflection diffractive microstructure 213 diffracts into multiple beams of light, enters the first outcoupling diffractive microstructure 212 through the first waveguide 110, and finally enters the human eye 20 to form a beam to be displayed on the retina.
- the image ensures that the human eye 20 can observe the virtual information.
- the situation without the first kink diffractive microstructure 213 will not be described in detail.
- the second diffractive microstructure layer 220 includes: a second incoupling diffractive microstructure 221 and a second outcoupling diffractive microstructure 222, and the second incoupling
- the diffractive microstructure 221 and the first incoupling diffractive microstructure 211 are arranged in the same region in the same thickness direction of the first waveguide plate 110, and one side of the second incoupling diffractive microstructure 221 is connected to the first The other side of the waveguide 110 is connected to the second waveguide 120; the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure 222 and the first outcoupling diffractive microstructure 212 are arranged in the same thickness direction of the first waveguide 110 In the same region of the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure 222, one side is connected to the first waveguide plate 110, and the other side is connected to the second waveguide plate 120.
- the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure 222 The area of the first outcoupling diffractive microstructure 212 decreases or increases along the beam expansion direction.
- the second diffractive microstructure layer 220 includes: a second incoupling diffractive microstructure 221 , a second outcoupling diffractive microstructure 222 and a second inflection diffractive microstructure 223 .
- the second in-coupling diffractive microstructure 221 and the first in-coupling diffractive microstructure 211 are arranged in the same area in the same thickness direction of the first waveguide plate 110, and the second in-coupling diffractive microstructure 221 side It is connected to the first waveguide 110 , and the other side is connected to the second waveguide 120 .
- the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure 222 and the first outcoupling diffractive microstructure 212 are arranged in the same region in the same thickness direction of the first waveguide plate 110, and the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure 222 side connected to the first waveguide 110, and the other side is connected to the Referring to the second waveguide plate 120, the areas of the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure 222 and the first outcoupling diffractive microstructure 212 decrease or increase along the beam expansion direction.
- the second deflection diffractive microstructure 223 and the first deflection diffractive microstructure 213 are arranged in the same area in the same thickness direction of the first waveguide plate 110, and one side of the second deflection diffractive microstructure 223 is connected to the The other side of the first waveguide plate 110 is connected to the second waveguide plate 120, and the areas of the second deflection diffractive microstructure 223 and the first deflection diffractive microstructure 213 decrease or increase along the direction of beam expansion.
- the first waveguide 110 when there is the second deflection diffractive microstructure 223 (the situation without the second deflection diffractive microstructure 223 will not be described in detail here), in the first waveguide 110, light from the The first incoupling diffractive microstructure 211 enters the first waveguide plate 110, and a part of it directly enters the first deflection diffractive microstructure 213, and is diffracted into multiple beams of light in the first deflection diffractive microstructure 213, passing through the The first waveguide plate 110 enters the first outcoupling diffractive microstructure 212, and finally enters the human eye 20; the other part is incident on the surface of the second incoupling diffractive microstructure 221 for reflection, and at the second turning The diffraction microstructure 223 is diffracted into multiple beams of light, enters the second outcoupling diffraction microstructure 222 through the first waveguide 110, and finally enters the human eye 20; finally forms an image to be displayed on the retina, making the human The eye 20 is able to
- the areas of the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure 222 and the first outcoupling diffractive microstructure 212 decrease or increase along the beam expansion direction;
- the area of the turning diffractive microstructure 213 decreases or increases along the direction of beam expansion. Compared with the grating with the same area of all turning regions and all outcoupling regions, it can make the light propagate in the turning and outcoupling regions as the distance becomes farther, so that the unit The density of light that is turned and coupled out within the area becomes larger.
- the transmission also includes the transmission of light in the second waveguide 120 , and finally enters the human eye 20 through the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure 222 to form an image to be displayed on the retina.
- the third diffractive microstructure layer 230 includes: a third incoupling diffractive microstructure 231 and a third outcoupling diffractive microstructure 232, and the third incoupling
- the diffractive microstructure 231 and the second in-coupling diffractive microstructure 221 are arranged in the same area in the same thickness direction of the second waveguide plate 120, and connected to the second waveguide plate 120;
- the third outcoupling diffractive microstructure 232 and the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure 222 are arranged in the same area in the same thickness direction of the second waveguide plate 120, and connected In the second waveguide 120 , the areas of the third outcoupling diffractive microstructure 232 and the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure 222 decrease or increase along the beam expansion direction.
- the third diffractive microstructure layer 230 includes: a third incoupling diffractive microstructure 231 , a third outcoupling diffractive microstructure 232 and a third inflection diffractive microstructure 233 .
- the third in-coupling diffractive microstructure 231 and the second in-coupling diffractive microstructure 221 are disposed in the same region in the same thickness direction of the second waveguide plate 120 and connected to the second waveguide plate 120 .
- the third outcoupling diffractive microstructure 232 and the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure 222 are arranged in the same area in the same thickness direction of the second waveguide plate 120 and connected to the second waveguide plate 120, so The areas of the third outcoupling diffractive microstructure 232 and the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure 222 decrease or increase along the beam expansion direction.
- the third deflection diffractive microstructure 233 and the second deflection diffractive microstructure 223 are arranged in the same area in the same thickness direction of the second waveguide plate 120 and connected to the second waveguide plate 120, the first The areas of the three-bend diffractive microstructure 233 and the second deflection diffractive microstructure 223 decrease or increase along the beam expansion direction.
- the light from the The first incoupling diffractive microstructure 211 enters the first waveguide plate 110, and a part of it directly enters the first deflection diffractive microstructure 213, and is diffracted into multiple beams of light in the first deflection diffractive microstructure 213, passing through the The first waveguide plate 110 enters the first outcoupling diffractive microstructure 212, and finally enters the human eye 20; the other part is incident on the surface of the second incoupling diffractive microstructure 221 for reflection, and at the second turning The diffractive microstructure 223 is diffracted into multiple beams of light, which enter the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure 222 through the first waveguide 110 , and finally enter the human eye 20 .
- the microstructure 221 enters into the second waveguide plate 120, which is the same as the light transmission in the first waveguide plate 110, and the light in the second waveguide plate 120 will pass through the second in-coupling diffraction microstructure 221, the The second kink diffractive microstructure 223, the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure 222, the third incoupling diffractive microstructure 231, the third outcoupling diffractive microstructure 232, the third kink diffractive microstructure 233 and the reflection and diffraction of the second waveguide plate 120 itself enters the human eye 20, forms an image to be displayed on the retina, and then observes virtual information.
- the areas of the third outcoupling diffractive microstructure 232 and the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure 222 are The beam expansion direction decreases or increases, and at the same time, the areas of the third bending diffraction microstructure 233 and the second bending diffraction microstructure 223 decrease or increase along the beam expansion direction, relative to the same area of all turning regions and all outcoupling regions
- the grating can make light propagate in the turning and outcoupling area, and as the distance becomes longer, the turning and outcoupling light density in a unit area becomes larger.
- the first outcoupling diffractive microstructure 212, the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure 222 and the third outcoupling diffractive microstructure 232 One or more holes are arranged on each; or the first outcoupling diffractive microstructure 212, the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure 222 and the third outcoupling diffractive microstructure 232 are arranged as a plurality of discontinuous regions .
- the first outcoupling diffractive microstructure 212, the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure 222 and the third outcoupling diffractive microstructure 232 are provided with holes or discontinuous regions, it is equivalent to The holes of the first waveguide plate 110 and the second waveguide plate 120 connected by the first outcoupling diffractive microstructure 212, the second outcoupling diffractive microstructure 222 and the third outcoupling diffractive microstructure 232 Or there is no grating diffraction microstructure on the discontinuous area, at this time, the light will continue to reflect in the first waveguide 110 and the second waveguide 120 until reaching one of the outcoupling gratings.
- the energy distribution of the light can be freely adjusted, and more energy can be transferred to the back section of the light propagation path to ensure the uniformity of brightness when the light is coupled out.
- first outcoupling diffractive microstructure 212 can be in any shape such as a rectangle or a sector, and can be set as required.
- the first refracted diffractive microstructure 213, the second refracted diffractive microstructure 223 and the third refracted diffractive microstructure 233 are all provided with There are one or more holes; or the first deflected diffractive microstructure 213 , the second deflected diffractive microstructure 223 and the third deflected diffractive microstructure 233 are arranged as a plurality of discontinuous regions.
- first deflected diffractive microstructure 213, the second deflected diffractive microstructure 223 and the third deflected diffractive microstructure 233 it is equivalent to There is no hole or discontinuous area of the first waveguide 110 and the second waveguide 120 connected by the bend diffractive microstructure 213, the second bend diffractive microstructure 223 and the third bend diffractive microstructure 233
- the grating diffraction microstructure is set, at this time, the light will continue to reflect in the first waveguide 110 and the second waveguide 120 until reaching one of the turning gratings.
- the energy distribution of the light can be freely adjusted, and more energy can be transferred to the back section of the light propagation path to ensure the uniformity of brightness when the light is coupled out.
- first deflection diffractive microstructure 213 the second deflection diffractive microstructure 223 and the third deflection diffractive microstructure 233 can be in any shape such as rectangle, trapezoid, sector, etc., and can be set as required.
- the principle of the turning region is the same.
- the light in the outcoupling area is totally reflected on the surface of the waveguide plate without the diffractive microstructure layer, and diffracted on the surface of the waveguide plate with the diffractive microstructure layer, part of the diffracted light is coupled out of the optical waveguide, and the rest continues propagate in the waveguide.
- the light When the light propagates to the region where the diffractive microstructure layer exists on both sides of the waveguide, the light will be diffracted on both sides of the waveguide, at this time the density of outcoupled light increases, and the outcoupled light energy per unit area also increases accordingly To ensure that the light density is higher in the place where the energy of a single light is weaker in the outcoupling area, so that the brightness difference in the waveguide display area can be reduced, and the uniformity of the overall brightness of the multilayer diffractive optical waveguide device can be improved.
- R0 is the incident light.
- the first coupling diffractive microstructure 211 cannot couple all the incident light into the first diffractive microstructure layer 210. waveguide 110, therefore there will be energy waste R1.
- multiple layers of the waveguide plate and multiple layers of the diffractive microstructure layer are used, and the second in-coupling diffractive microstructure 221 can convert the 0th-order diffracted light R1 that the first in-coupling diffractive microstructure 211 cannot use Coupled into the first waveguide plate 110 and the second waveguide plate 120 again, avoiding leakage to the outside and generating some energy waste.
- the multilayer diffractive optical waveguide device can realize efficient utilization of light energy emitted by the optical machine 10 .
- a reflector 300 is provided on the third in-coupling diffractive microstructure 231, and the reflector 300 is used to reflect the second in-coupling diffractive microstructure 221 transmitted light.
- a reflector 300 is provided on the surface of the second waveguide plate 120 at the outermost side of the third in-coupling diffractive microstructure 231, the reflector 300 reflects R2, and the reflected light R3 enters the second in-coupling again.
- the diffractive microstructure 221 is coupled into the second waveguide plate 120 , and then reflected or diffracted, which can maximize the use of the outgoing light energy of the optical machine 10 .
- the reflector 300 can be a mirror, a reflective coating, a diffractive microstructure with a reflective function, a metasurface with a reflective function, or a combination of optical elements with a reflective function, as long as it can realize the reflective function of the present invention.
- the present invention also provides a near-eye display device, which is characterized in that it includes: the multilayer diffractive optical waveguide device as described in Embodiment 1.
- the use of the multilayer diffractive optical waveguide device enables most of the light beams to be reflected in the waveguide layer, increasing the energy utilization rate of the near-eye display device, reducing energy waste, and improving the display image of the near-eye display device Brightness, reducing the waste of power of the optical machine 10, is conducive to reducing the power consumption of the near-eye display device and improving the battery life of the system.
- the present invention proposes a multi-layer diffractive optical waveguide device and a near-eye display device.
- a plurality of diffractive microstructure layers are provided, and a plurality of said diffractive microstructure layers include : a first diffractive microstructure layer 210 and a second diffractive microstructure layer 220, the first diffractive microstructure layer 210 is arranged on the incident side of the outermost waveguide plate, and the second diffractive microstructure layer 220 is arranged on Between the adjacent waveguide plates, the first diffractive microstructure layer 210 and the second diffractive microstructure layer 220 are located in the same area in the thickness direction of multiple waveguide plates, and the first diffractive microstructure layer The areas of the layer 210 and the second diffractive microstructure layer 220 decrease or increase along the beam expansion direction.
- This method of increasing the light density makes up for the problem of energy attenuation of a single light. It makes the brightness more uniform when the waveguide displays a solid color image, and increases the density of the exit pupil expansion. It can also greatly reduce the number of light beams passing through the waveguide layer, so that most of the light beams can be reflected in the waveguide layer, increase energy utilization, reduce energy waste, and solve the problem of single-layer optical waveguide in the coupling area in the prior art. Part of the optical signal is transmitted to the outside through the waveguide layer, resulting in low energy utilization, and due to energy attenuation in the outcoupling region, the problem of uneven brightness and sparse exit pupil expansion occurs when the waveguide displays a pure color image.
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Abstract
一种多层衍射光波导器件及近眼显示装置,多层衍射光波导器件包括:多个波导片(110、 120)和多个衍射微结构层(210、 220、 230),多个波导片(110、 120)间隔设置。多个衍射微结构层(210、 220、 230)包括:第一衍射微结构层(210)和第二衍射微结构层(220)。第一衍射微结构层(210)设置在最外侧的波导片(110)的入射侧;第二衍射微结构层(220)设置在相邻波导片(110、 120)之间。第一衍射微结构层(210)与第二衍射微结构层(220)位于多个波导片(110、 120)厚度方向的相同区域内,且第一衍射微结构层(210)与第二衍射微结构层(220)的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增。解决单层光波导在耦入区由于部分光信号透过波导层传输到外界导致能量利用率低,以及在耦出区由于能量的衰减,导致波导显示纯色图像时出现亮度不均匀和出瞳扩展较为稀疏的问题。
Description
本发明涉及光学成像技术领域,尤其涉及的是一种多层衍射光波导器件及近眼显示装置。
增强现实(Augmented Reality,AR)技术是一种将虚拟信息与真实世界融合的技术,增强现实设备在使用时,既要保证能够观察到虚拟信息,还要保证观察到真实的外部世界。
光波导是一种可将信号光束缚在其内部,并使信号光朝着特定方向传输的器件,同时光波导具有良好的透光性。基于这些特性,光波导可以作为增强现实近眼显示装置的显示器。光波导将投影光机投出的信号光定向传输到人眼中,因此人眼可以看到待显示的图像,又因光波导具有良好的透光性,人眼还可以清晰看到波导后的真实环境,因此人眼最终看到的是待显示图像和真实环境的融合。
光波导按照不同的实现原理可分为几何光波导,衍射光波导等种类。衍射光波导因其厚度薄、重量轻、透光性好等优点,逐渐成为增强现实近眼显示装置中显示器的优选方案。所述衍射光波导由一层波导层以及波导层表面的衍射微结构组成,衍射微结构包括:耦入区和耦出区,耦入区和耦出区之间可以存在转折区,耦入、转折和耦出区的衍射微结构可以在波导层的同一表面、也可分别位于波导层的两个表面。
现有技术中的光波导通常为单层光波导,受衍射特性的限制,光机出射的信号光被耦入区的衍射微结构衍射后,只有少部分光束的传播方向满足全反射条件,能够在波导层内传输并到达耦出区被利用,大部分光能量透过波导层传输到外界,导致波导显示效果差。
如图1所示,光机10将光束射入波导片内,图中部分光束a,经过一系列反射和衍射最终进入人眼20,另一部分光束c直接穿出波导层,无法在波导层内反射,能量利用率低,造成极大的能量浪费,不仅会导致波导装置的显示图像亮度低,还会导致光机功
率的浪费、不利于降低近波导装置的功耗、限制了系统的续航时间。
如图2所示,图2(a)中L0为入射信号光,假设其能量为1,转折区衍射微结构对该光线的1级衍射效率为α(α<1),则转折光线L1、L2和L3的能量分别为α、(1-α)α和(1-α)2α,可见其能量是递减的。同理,在耦出区,耦出区衍射微结构对应的出射光线级次衍射效率为β(β<1),则耦出光线L11、L12和L13的能量为αβ、α(1-β)β和α(1-β)2β,其能量也是递减的,图(a)中光线长度表示了耦出光线相对能量的大小,呈现出从耦出区左上角向耦出区右下角依次衰减的趋势,使得待显示图像应如图2(b)所示,而由于能量的衰减,导致实际显示图像如图2(c)所示,也就是导致波导显示纯色图像时出现亮度不均匀的问题。
此外,由于单层波导内光线传输的路径有限,尤其对应大角度的入射光,在波导内被反射和衍射的次数更是有限,单层波导还会导致光线密度低,出瞳扩展较为稀疏的问题。
因此,现有技术还有待于改进和发展。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术的不足,本发明目的在于提供一种多层衍射光波导器件及近眼显示装置,旨在解决现有技术中单层光波导在耦入区由于部分光信号透过波导层传输到外界导致能量利用率低,以及在耦出区由于能量的衰减,导致波导显示纯色图像时出现亮度不均匀和出瞳扩展较为稀疏的问题。
本发明解决技术问题所采用的技术方案如下:一种多层衍射光波导器件,包括:
包括:多个波导片,多个所述波导片间隔设置;
多个衍射微结构层,多个所述衍射微结构层包括:
第一衍射微结构层,所述第一衍射微结构层设置在最外侧的所述波导片的入射侧;
第二衍射微结构层,所述第二衍射微结构层设置在相邻所述波导片之间;
所述第一衍射微结构层与所述第二衍射微结构层位于多个所述波导片厚度方向的相同区域内,且所述第一衍射微结构层与所述第二衍射微结构层的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增。
进一步,多个所述衍射微结构层还包括:
第三衍射微结构层,所述第三衍射微结构层与所述第一衍射微结构层相对立设置,并位于另一最外侧的所述波导片上,用于全反射或部分反射;
所述第一衍射微结构层,所述第二衍射微结构层与所述第三衍射微结构层的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增。
进一步,多个所述波导片厚度不同。
进一步,多个所述波导片设置为两个,分别为第一波导片和第二波导片;
所述第一波导片一侧连接于所述第一衍射微结构层,另一侧连接于所述第二衍射微结构层,所述第二波导片一侧连接于所述第二衍射微结构层,另一侧连接于所述第三衍射微结构层。
进一步,所述第一衍射微结构层包括:
第一耦入衍射微结构和第一耦出衍射微结构,所述第一耦入衍射微结构和所述第一耦出衍射微结构均连接设置在所述第一波导片的同一侧,且所述第一耦入衍射微结构和所述第一耦出衍射微结构间隔设置;
或者,所述第一衍射微结构层包括:
第一耦入衍射微结构、第一耦出衍射微结构和第一转折衍射微结构,所述第一耦入衍射微结构、所述第一耦出衍射微结构和所述第一转折衍射微结构均连接设置在所述第一波导片的同一侧,且所述第一耦入衍射微结构、所述第一耦出衍射微结构和所述第一转折衍射微结构间隔设置。
进一步,所述第二衍射微结构层包括:第二耦入衍射微结构和第二耦出衍射微结构,
所述第二耦入衍射微结构与所述第一耦入衍射微结构设置在所述第一波导片同一厚度方向的相同区域内,所述第二耦入衍射微结构一侧连接于所述第一波导片,另一侧连接于所述第二波导片;
所述第二耦出衍射微结构与所述第一耦出衍射微结构设置在所述第一波导片同一厚度方向的相同区域内,所述第二耦出衍射微结构一侧连接于所述第一波导片,另一侧连接于所述第二波导片,所述第二耦出衍射微结构与所述第一耦出衍射微结构的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增;
或者所述第二衍射微结构层包括:第二耦入衍射微结构、第二耦出衍射微结构和
第二转折衍射微结构;
所述第二耦入衍射微结构与所述第一耦入衍射微结构设置在所述第一波导片同一厚度方向的相同区域内,所述第二耦入衍射微结构一侧连接于所述第一波导片,另一侧连接于所述第二波导片;
所述第二耦出衍射微结构与所述第一耦出衍射微结构设置在所述第一波导片同一厚度方向的相同区域内,所述第二耦出衍射微结构一侧连接于所述第一波导片,另一侧连接于所述第二波导片,所述第二耦出衍射微结构与所述第一耦出衍射微结构的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增;
所述第二转折衍射微结构与所述第一转折衍射微结构设置在所述第一波导片同一厚度方向的相同区域内,所述第二转折衍射微结构一侧连接于所述第一波导片,另一侧连接于所述第二波导片,所述第二转折衍射微结构与所述第一转折衍射微结构的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增。
进一步,所述第三衍射微结构层包括:第三耦入衍射微结构和第三耦出衍射微结构;
所述第三耦入衍射微结构与所述第二耦入衍射微结构设置在所述第二波导片同一厚度方向的相同区域内,并连接于所述第二波导片;
所述第三耦出衍射微结构与所述第二耦出衍射微结构设置在所述第二波导片同一厚度方向的相同区域内,并连接于所述第二波导片,所述第三耦出衍射微结构与所述第二耦出衍射微结构的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增;
或者所述第三衍射微结构层包括:第三耦入衍射微结构、第三耦出衍射微结构和第三转折衍射微结构,
所述第三耦入衍射微结构与所述第二耦入衍射微结构设置在所述第二波导片同一厚度方向的相同区域内,并连接于所述第二波导片;
所述第三耦出衍射微结构与所述第二耦出衍射微结构设置在所述第二波导片同一厚度方向的相同区域内,并连接于所述第二波导片,所述第三耦出衍射微结构与所述第二耦出衍射微结构的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增;
所述第三转折衍射微结构与所述第二转折衍射微结构设置在所述第二波导片同一厚度方向的相同区域内,并连接于所述第二波导片,所述第三转折衍射微结构与所述第
二转折衍射微结构的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增。
进一步,所述第一耦出衍射微结构、所述第二耦出衍射微结构和所述第三耦出衍射微结构上均设置有一个或多个孔洞;
或者所述第一耦出衍射微结构、所述第二耦出衍射微结构和所述第三耦出衍射微结构设置为多个非连续区域;
所述第一转折衍射微结构、所述第二转折衍射微结构和所述第三转折衍射微结构上均设置有一个或多个孔洞;
或者所述第一转折衍射微结构、所述第二转折衍射微结构和所述第三转折衍射微结构设置为多个非连续区域。
进一步,所述第三耦入衍射微结构上设置有反射器,所述反射器用于反射所述第二耦入衍射微结构透射的光。
一种近眼显示装置,包括:如上所述的多层衍射光波导器件。
本发明中提供了一种多层衍射光波导器件及近眼显示装置,通过设置多个所述波导片间隔设置,设置多个衍射微结构层,多个所述衍射微结构层包括:第一衍射微结构层和第二衍射微结构层,所述第一衍射微结构层设置在最外侧的所述波导片的入射侧,所述第二衍射微结构层设置在相邻所述波导片之间,所述第一衍射微结构层与所述第二衍射微结构层位于多个所述波导片厚度方向的相同区域内,且所述第一衍射微结构层与所述第二衍射微结构层的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增。可保证光线传播距离越远,单位面积内光线密度越大,这种通过增加光线密度的方法很好的弥补了单根光线能量衰减的问题。使得波导显示纯色图像时亮度更均匀,并增加出瞳扩展密度。还能够大大减少穿出波导层光束的数量,使得大部分光束均能在在波导层内反射,增大能量利用率,减少能量浪费,解决了现有技术中单层光波导在耦入区由于部分光信号透过波导层传输到外界导致能量利用率低,以及在耦出区由于能量的衰减,导致波导显示纯色图像时出现亮度不均匀和出瞳扩展较为稀疏的问题。
图1是现有技术中光线传输示意图;
图2是现有技术中光能量在单层波导内分布示意图;
图3是本发明一种多层衍射光波导器件及近眼显示装置实施例多层衍射光波导器件的结构示意图;
图4是本发明一种多层衍射光波导器件及近眼显示装置实施例多层衍射光波导器件的立体示意图;
图5是本发明一种多层衍射光波导器件及近眼显示装置实施例每个衍射微结构层面积的结构示意图;
图6是本发明一种多层衍射光波导器件及近眼显示装置实施例每个衍射微结构层孔洞的结构示意图;
图7-图8是本发明一种多层衍射光波导器件及近眼显示装置实施例光线传播的示意图;
图9是本发明一种多层衍射光波导器件及近眼显示装置实施例只有第一耦入衍射微结构和第二耦入衍射微结构的结构示意图;
图10是本发明一种多层衍射光波导器件及近眼显示装置实施例有第一耦入衍射微结构、第二耦入衍射微结构和第三耦入衍射微结构的结构示意图;
图11是本发明一种多层衍射光波导器件及近眼显示装置实施例设有反射器的结构示意图;
附图标记说明:10、光机;20、人眼;110、第一波导片;120、第二波导片;210、第一衍射微结构层;211、第一耦入衍射微结构;212、第一耦出衍射微结构;213、第一转折衍射微结构;220、第二衍射微结构层;221、第二耦入衍射微结构;222、第二耦出衍射微结构;223、第二转折衍射微结构;230、第三衍射微结构层;231、第三耦入衍射微结构;232、第三耦出衍射微结构;233、第三转折衍射微结构;300、反射器。
本发明提供了一种多层衍射光波导器件及近眼显示装置,为使本发明的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚、明确,以下参照附图并举实施例对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、
“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外,术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本发明的描述中,“多个”的含义是至少两个,例如两个,三个等,除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或成一体;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系,除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本发明中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触,或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且,第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方,或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方,或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
需要说明的是,当元件被称为“固定于”或“设置于”另一个元件,它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件,它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的,并不表示是唯一的实施方式。
实施例一:
如图3和图4所示,本发明提出一种多层衍射光波导器件,将所述多层衍射光波导器件的高度方向定义为厚度方向。所述多层衍射光波导器件包括:多个波导片和多个衍射微结构层,多个所述波导片间隔设置,多个所述衍射微结构层的耦入区面积均相同,
多个所述衍射微结构层包括:第一衍射微结构层210和第二衍射微结构层220。所述第一衍射微结构层210设置在最外侧的所述波导片的入射侧,所述第二衍射微结构层220设置在相邻所述波导片之间。所述第一衍射微结构层210与所述第二衍射微结构层220位于多个所述波导片厚度方向的相同区域内,且所述第一衍射微结构层210与所述第二衍射微结构层220的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增。
可以理解,所述第一衍射微结构层210与所述第二衍射微结构层220用于衍射入射光线,并导出光束阵列,随着波导片数量的增加,处于所述第一衍射微结构层210和所述第二衍射微结构层220的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增,可保证光线传播距离越远,单位面积内光线密度越大,这种通过增加光线密度的方法很好的弥补了单根光线能量衰减的问题,使得波导显示纯色图像时亮度更均匀。由于采用多层波导传输光线,不同厚度波导片内光线传播周期不同,最终各层波导内光线在耦出区一起耦出,因此相较于单层波导片,耦出光线密度更高,出瞳扩展更密集。另外,随着波导片数量的增加,还能够大大减少穿出波导层光束的数量,使得大部分光束均能在在波导层内反射,增大能量利用率,减少能量浪费,提高波导装置的显示图像亮度,减少光机功率的浪费、有利于降低近波导装置的功耗、提高系统的续航时间。
上述方案中,通过设置多个所述波导片间隔设置,设置多个衍射微结构层,多个所述衍射微结构层包括:第一衍射微结构层210和第二衍射微结构层220,所述第一衍射微结构层210设置在最外侧的所述波导片的入射侧,所述第二衍射微结构层220设置在相邻所述波导片之间,所述第一衍射微结构层210与所述第二衍射微结构层220位于多个所述波导片厚度方向的相同区域内,且所述第一衍射微结构层210与所述第二衍射微结构层220的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增。可保证光线传播距离越远,单位面积内光线密度越大,这种通过增加光线密度的方法很好的弥补了单根光线能量衰减的问题,使得波导显示纯色图像时亮度更均匀,并增加出瞳扩展密度。还能够大大减少穿出波导层光束的数量,使得大部分光束均能在在波导层内反射,增大能量利用率,减少能量浪费,解决了现有技术中单层光波导在耦入区由于部分光信号透过波导层传输到外界导致能量利用率低,以及在耦出区由于能量的衰减,导致波导显示纯色图像时出现亮度不均匀和出瞳扩展较为稀疏的问题。
如图3和图4所示,在本发明进一步的实施例中,多个所述衍射微结构层还包括:
第三衍射微结构层230,所述第三衍射微结构层230与所述第一衍射微结构层210相对立设置,并位于另一最外侧的所述波导片上,用于全反射或部分反射;所述第一衍射微结构层210,所述第二衍射微结构层220与所述第三衍射微结构层230的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增。
可以理解,所述第三衍射微结构层230用于反射入射光线并导出光束阵列,可以防止光线从最外侧的波导片上传出,大大减少穿出波导层光束的数量,使得大部分光束均能在在波导层内反射,增大能量利用率。
如图3和图4所示,在本发明进一步的实施例中,多个所述波导片厚度不同;多个所述波导片设置为两个,分别为第一波导片110和第二波导片120,所述第一波导片110一侧连接于所述第一衍射微结构层210,另一侧连接于所述第二衍射微结构层220,所述第二波导片120一侧连接于所述第二衍射微结构层220,另一侧连接于所述第三衍射微结构层230。
可以理解,多个所述波导片厚度不同,由于相同角度的光线在不同厚度的所述波导片内传输时光线密度不同,所述波导片越薄,光线在所述波导片内完成一次全反射的周期越小,光线越密。此外,使用不同厚度的所述波导片配合进行优化,增加了优化的自由度,有利于得到能量分布更均匀的耦出光线。
进一步,多个所述波导片可设置为两个,分别为:第一波导片110和第二波导片120,光线可通过所述第一衍射微结构层210进入所述第一波导片110,部分光线在所述第一波导片110内进行反射,并通过所述第一衍射微结构层210进入人眼20;部分光线穿过所述第一波导片110进入所述第二衍射微结构层220,在所述第二波导片120内进行反射,通过所述第二衍射微结构层220进入人眼20;部分光线进入穿过所述第二波导片120进入所述第三衍射微结构层230,所述第三衍射微结构层230将其反射至所述第二波导片120内,在所述第二波导片120内进行反射,通过所述第二衍射微结构层220进入人眼20。所述第一波导片110和所述第二波导片120提升了对光线的利用率,相较于单层所述波导片,能够减少能量的衰减。
具体的,所述第一波导片110与所述第二波导片120厚度不同,所述第一波导片110的厚度可以大于所述第二波导片120的厚度,也可以小于所述第二波导片120的厚度,均能对所述多层衍射光波导器件进行优化。易于想到,对于多个所述波导片的厚度,也
可以根据需要自由设置,不必沿光束扩展方向将厚度递减或递增。
如图3所示,在本发明进一步的实施例中,所述第一衍射微结构层210包括:第一耦入衍射微结构211和第一耦出衍射微结构212,所述第一耦入衍射微结构211和所述第一耦出衍射微结构212均连接设置在所述第一波导片110的同一侧,且所述第一耦入衍射微结构211和所述第一耦出衍射微结构212间隔设置。或者所述第一衍射微结构层210包括:第一耦入衍射微结构211、第一耦出衍射微结构212和第一转折衍射微结构213,所述第一耦入衍射微结构211、所述第一耦出衍射微结构212和所述第一转折衍射微结构213均连接设置在所述第一波导片110的同一侧,且所述第一耦入衍射微结构211、所述第一耦出衍射微结构212和所述第一转折衍射微结构213间隔设置。
可以理解,在有所述第一转折衍射微结构213时,光线从所述第一耦入衍射微结构211进入所述第一波导片110,再次进入所述第一转折衍射微结构213,在所述第一转折衍射微结构213内衍射为多束光,通过所述第一波导片110进入所述第一耦出衍射微结构212,最后入射至人眼20,在视网膜上形成待显示的图像,保证人眼20能够观察到虚拟信息。没有所述第一转折衍射微结构213的情况,不再详细阐述。
如图3所示,在本发明进一步的实施例中,所述第二衍射微结构层220包括:第二耦入衍射微结构221和第二耦出衍射微结构222,所述第二耦入衍射微结构221与所述第一耦入衍射微结构211设置在所述第一波导片110同一厚度方向的相同区域内,所述第二耦入衍射微结构221一侧连接于所述第一波导片110,另一侧连接于所述第二波导片120;所述第二耦出衍射微结构222与所述第一耦出衍射微结构212设置在所述第一波导片110同一厚度方向的相同区域内,所述第二耦出衍射微结构222一侧连接于所述第一波导片110,另一侧连接于所述第二波导片120,所述第二耦出衍射微结构222与所述第一耦出衍射微结构212的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增。或者所述第二衍射微结构层220包括:第二耦入衍射微结构221、第二耦出衍射微结构222和第二转折衍射微结构223。所述第二耦入衍射微结构221与所述第一耦入衍射微结构211设置在所述第一波导片110同一厚度方向的相同区域内,所述第二耦入衍射微结构221一侧连接于所述第一波导片110,另一侧连接于所述第二波导片120。所述第二耦出衍射微结构222与所述第一耦出衍射微结构212设置在所述第一波导片110同一厚度方向的相同区域内,所述第二耦出衍射微结构222一侧连接于所述第一波导片110,另一侧连接于所
述第二波导片120,所述第二耦出衍射微结构222与所述第一耦出衍射微结构212的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增。所述第二转折衍射微结构223与所述第一转折衍射微结构213设置在所述第一波导片110同一厚度方向的相同区域内,所述第二转折衍射微结构223一侧连接于所述第一波导片110,另一侧连接于所述第二波导片120,所述第二转折衍射微结构223与所述第一转折衍射微结构213的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增。
可以理解,在有所述第二转折衍射微结构223时(没有所述第二转折衍射微结构223的情况,此处不再详细阐述),在所述第一波导片110内,光线从所述第一耦入衍射微结构211进入所述第一波导片110,一部分直接进入所述第一转折衍射微结构213,在所述第一转折衍射微结构213内衍射为多束光,通过所述第一波导片110进入所述第一耦出衍射微结构212,最后入射至人眼20;另一部分入射至所述第二耦入衍射微结构221的表面进行反射,在所述第二转折衍射微结构223内衍射为多束光,通过所述第一波导片110进入所述第二耦出衍射微结构222,最后入射至人眼20;最终在视网膜上形成待显示的图像,使得人眼20能够观察到虚拟信息。
具体的,所述第二耦出衍射微结构222与所述第一耦出衍射微结构212的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增,同时,所述第二转折衍射微结构223与所述第一转折衍射微结构213的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增,相对于所有转折区和所有耦出区面积相同的光栅,能够使得光线在转折和耦出区传播时,随着距离变远,使得单位面积内转折和耦出的光线密度变大。
而在所述第一波导片110和所述第二波导片120内,除了上述的在所述第一耦入衍射微结构211、所述第一耦出衍射微结构212、所述第一转折衍射微结构213、所述第二耦入衍射微结构221、所述第二耦出衍射微结构222、所述第二转折衍射微结构223和所述第一波导片110内反射和衍射的光线传输,还包括光线在所述第二波导片120内的传输,最后通过所述第二耦出衍射微结构222入射至人眼20,在视网膜上形成待显示的图像。
如图3所示,在本发明进一步的实施例中,所述第三衍射微结构层230包括:第三耦入衍射微结构231和第三耦出衍射微结构232,所述第三耦入衍射微结构231与所述第二耦入衍射微结构221设置在所述第二波导片120同一厚度方向的相同区域内,并
连接于所述第二波导片120;所述第三耦出衍射微结构232与所述第二耦出衍射微结构222设置在所述第二波导片120同一厚度方向的相同区域内,并连接于所述第二波导片120,所述第三耦出衍射微结构232与所述第二耦出衍射微结构222的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增。或者所述第三衍射微结构层230包括:第三耦入衍射微结构231、第三耦出衍射微结构232和第三转折衍射微结构233。所述第三耦入衍射微结构231与所述第二耦入衍射微结构221设置在所述第二波导片120同一厚度方向的相同区域内,并连接于所述第二波导片120。所述第三耦出衍射微结构232与所述第二耦出衍射微结构222设置在所述第二波导片120同一厚度方向的相同区域内,并连接于所述第二波导片120,所述第三耦出衍射微结构232与所述第二耦出衍射微结构222的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增。所述第三转折衍射微结构233与所述第二转折衍射微结构223设置在所述第二波导片120同一厚度方向的相同区域内,并连接于所述第二波导片120,所述第三转折衍射微结构233与所述第二转折衍射微结构223的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增。
可以理解,在有所述第三转折衍射微结构233时(没有所述第三转折衍射微结构233的情况,此处不再详细阐述),在所述第一波导片110内,光线从所述第一耦入衍射微结构211进入所述第一波导片110,一部分直接进入所述第一转折衍射微结构213,在所述第一转折衍射微结构213内衍射为多束光,通过所述第一波导片110进入所述第一耦出衍射微结构212,最后入射至人眼20;另一部分入射至所述第二耦入衍射微结构221的表面进行反射,在所述第二转折衍射微结构223内衍射为多束光,通过所述第一波导片110进入所述第二耦出衍射微结构222,最后入射至人眼20。在所述第二波导片120内,经过所述第二耦入衍射微结构221的光线,除了被反射回所述第一波导片110内的光线,还有一部分通过所述第二耦入衍射微结构221进入所述第二波导片120内,与所述第一波导片110内光线传输相同,光线在所述第二波导片120内会经过所述第二耦入衍射微结构221、所述第二转折衍射微结构223、所述第二耦出衍射微结构222、所述第三耦入衍射微结构231、所述第三耦出衍射微结构232、所述第三转折衍射微结构233以及所述第二波导片120自身的反射和衍射进入人眼20,在视网膜上形成待显示的图像,进而观察到虚拟信息。
具体的,所述第三耦出衍射微结构232与所述第二耦出衍射微结构222的面积沿光
束扩展方向递减或递增,同时,所述第三转折衍射微结构233与所述第二转折衍射微结构223的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增,相对于所有转折区和所有耦出区面积相同的光栅,能够使得光线在转折和耦出区传播时,随着距离变远,使得单位面积内转折和耦出的光线密度变大。
如图5和图6所示,在本发明进一步的实施例中,所述第一耦出衍射微结构212、所述第二耦出衍射微结构222和所述第三耦出衍射微结构232上均设置有一个或多个孔洞;或者所述第一耦出衍射微结构212、所述第二耦出衍射微结构222和所述第三耦出衍射微结构232设置为多个非连续区域。
可以理解,当所述第一耦出衍射微结构212、所述第二耦出衍射微结构222和所述第三耦出衍射微结构232上设置有孔洞或者非连续区域时,相当于在所述第一耦出衍射微结构212、所述第二耦出衍射微结构222和所述第三耦出衍射微结构232连接的所述第一波导片110和所述第二波导片120的孔洞或者非连续区域上没有设置光栅衍射微结构,此时,光线会在所述第一波导片110和所述第二波导片120内继续反射,直至到达其中一个耦出光栅。而设置孔洞或者非连续区域,可以自由调控光线的能量分布,将更多的能量传递到光线传播路径的后段,保证光线耦出时的亮度均匀性。
进一步,所述第一耦出衍射微结构212、所述第二耦出衍射微结构222和所述第三耦出衍射微结构232可以为长方形、扇形等任意形状,根据需要设置即可。
如图5和图6所示,在本发明进一步的实施例中,所述第一转折衍射微结构213、所述第二转折衍射微结构223和所述第三转折衍射微结构233上均设置有一个或多个孔洞;或者所述第一转折衍射微结构213、所述第二转折衍射微结构223和所述第三转折衍射微结构233设置为多个非连续区域。
可以理解,当所述第一转折衍射微结构213、所述第二转折衍射微结构223和所述第三转折衍射微结构233上设置有孔洞或者非连续区域时,相当于在所述第一转折衍射微结构213、所述第二转折衍射微结构223和所述第三转折衍射微结构233连接的所述第一波导片110和所述第二波导片120的孔洞或者非连续区域上没有设置光栅衍射微结构,此时,光线会在所述第一波导片110和所述第二波导片120内继续反射,直至到达其中一个转折光栅。而设置孔洞或者非连续区域,可以自由调控光线的能量分布,将更多的能量传递到光线传播路径的后段,保证光线耦出时的亮度均匀性。
进一步,所述第一转折衍射微结构213、所述第二转折衍射微结构223和所述第三转折衍射微结构233可以为长方形、梯形、扇形等任意形状,根据需要设置即可。
进一步,如图7和图8所示,以耦出区为例,转折区原理与之相同。耦出区的光线在没有所述衍射微结构层的波导片的表面发生全反射,在附有所述衍射微结构层的波导片的表面发生衍射,衍射光一部分被耦出光波导,其余部分继续在波导内传播。当光线传播至波导片的两面均有所述衍射微结构层的区域时,光线在波导片的两面均会发生衍射,此时耦出光线密度增加,单位面积内耦出的光能也相应提升,确保耦出区内单根光线能量越弱的地方光线密度越大,因此能够减小波导显示区亮度差异,提升所述多层衍射光波导器件整体亮度的均匀性。
如图9所示,R0为入射光,对于仅有所述第一衍射微结构层210的单层波导,所述第一耦入衍射微结构211无法将所有入射光耦入进所述第一波导片110,因此会存在能量浪费R1。本发明中采用多层所述波导片和多层所述衍射微结构层,所述第二耦入衍射微结构221可将所述第一耦入衍射微结构211无法利用的0级衍射光R1再次耦入进所述第一波导片110和所述第二波导片120内,避免泄露到外界,产生一些能量浪费。
进一步,如图10所示,在设置所述第一耦入衍射微结构211、所述第二耦入衍射微结构221和所述第三耦入衍射微结构231的情况下,所述第二耦入衍射微结构221无法耦合进所述第二波导片120的0级衍射光R2被所述第三耦入衍射微结构231再次利用,并被耦合进所述第二波导片120内,最终仅有所述第三耦入衍射微结构231的0级衍射光R3透过所述第二波导片120泄露到外界,降低了能量浪费。由于R3<R1,因此所述多层衍射光波导器件能够实现对光机10出射光能的高效利用。
如图11所示,在本发明进一步的实施例中,所述第三耦入衍射微结构231上设置有反射器300,所述反射器300用于反射所述第二耦入衍射微结构221透射的光。
可以理解,在所述第三耦入衍射微结构231最外侧所述第二波导片120的表面设置反射器300,所述反射器300将R2反射,反射光R3再次入射所述第二耦入衍射微结构221并被耦入所述第二波导片120内,进而被反射或者衍射,能够最大限度的利用光机10的出射光能。进一步,所述反射器300可以是反射镜、反射镀层、具有反射功能的衍射微结构、具有反射功能超表面,还可以是具有反射功能的光学元件组合,能够实现本发明的反射功能即可。
实施例二:
在实施例一的基础上,本发明还提供一种近眼显示装置,其特征在于,包括:如实施例一所述的多层衍射光波导器件。可以理解,使用所述多层衍射光波导器件,使得大部分光束均能在在波导层内反射,增大所述近眼显示装置能量利用率,减少能量浪费,提高所述近眼显示装置的显示图像亮度,减少光机10功率的浪费、有利于降低近所述近眼显示装置的功耗、提高系统的续航时间。
综上所述,本发明提出的一种多层衍射光波导器件及近眼显示装置,通过设置多个所述波导片间隔设置,设置多个衍射微结构层,多个所述衍射微结构层包括:第一衍射微结构层210和第二衍射微结构层220,所述第一衍射微结构层210设置在最外侧的所述波导片的入射侧,所述第二衍射微结构层220设置在相邻所述波导片之间,所述第一衍射微结构层210与所述第二衍射微结构层220位于多个所述波导片厚度方向的相同区域内,且所述第一衍射微结构层210与所述第二衍射微结构层220的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增。可保证光线传播距离越远,单位面积内光线密度越大,这种通过增加光线密度的方法很好的弥补了单根光线能量衰减的问题。使得波导显示纯色图像时亮度更均匀,并增加出瞳扩展密度。还能够大大减少穿出波导层光束的数量,使得大部分光束均能在在波导层内反射,增大能量利用率,减少能量浪费,解决了现有技术中单层光波导在耦入区由于部分光信号透过波导层传输到外界导致能量利用率低,以及在耦出区由于能量的衰减,导致波导显示纯色图像时出现亮度不均匀和出瞳扩展较为稀疏的问题。
应当理解的是,本发明的应用不限于上述的举例,对本领域普通技术人员来说,可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换,所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (10)
- 一种多层衍射光波导器件,其特征在于,包括:多个波导片,多个所述波导片间隔设置;多个衍射微结构层,多个所述衍射微结构层包括:第一衍射微结构层,所述第一衍射微结构层设置在最外侧的所述波导片的入射侧;第二衍射微结构层,所述第二衍射微结构层设置在相邻所述波导片之间;所述第一衍射微结构层与所述第二衍射微结构层位于多个所述波导片厚度方向的相同区域内,且所述第一衍射微结构层与所述第二衍射微结构层的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增。
- 根据权利要求1所述的多层衍射光波导器件,其特征在于,多个所述衍射微结构层还包括:第三衍射微结构层,所述第三衍射微结构层与所述第一衍射微结构层相对立设置,并位于另一最外侧的所述波导片上,用于全反射或部分反射;所述第一衍射微结构层,所述第二衍射微结构层与所述第三衍射微结构层的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增。
- 根据权利要求1所述的多层衍射光波导器件,其特征在于,多个所述波导片厚度不同。
- 根据权利要求2所述的多层衍射光波导器件,其特征在于,多个所述波导片设置为两个,分别为第一波导片和第二波导片;所述第一波导片一侧连接于所述第一衍射微结构层,另一侧连接于所述第二衍射微结构层,所述第二波导片一侧连接于所述第二衍射微结构层,另一侧连接于所述第三衍射微结构层。
- 根据权利要求4所述的多层衍射光波导器件,其特征在于,所述第一衍射微结构层包括:第一耦入衍射微结构和第一耦出衍射微结构,所述第一耦入衍射微结构和所述第一耦出衍射微结构均连接设置在所述第一波导片的同一侧,且所述第一耦入衍射微结构和所述第一耦出衍射微结构间隔设置;或者,所述第一衍射微结构层包括:第一耦入衍射微结构、第一耦出衍射微结构和第一转折衍射微结构,所述第一耦 入衍射微结构、所述第一耦出衍射微结构和所述第一转折衍射微结构均连接设置在所述第一波导片的同一侧,且所述第一耦入衍射微结构、所述第一耦出衍射微结构和所述第一转折衍射微结构间隔设置。
- 根据权利要求5所述的多层衍射光波导器件,其特征在于,所述第二衍射微结构层包括:第二耦入衍射微结构和第二耦出衍射微结构,所述第二耦入衍射微结构与所述第一耦入衍射微结构设置在所述第一波导片同一厚度方向的相同区域内,所述第二耦入衍射微结构一侧连接于所述第一波导片,另一侧连接于所述第二波导片;所述第二耦出衍射微结构与所述第一耦出衍射微结构设置在所述第一波导片同一厚度方向的相同区域内,所述第二耦出衍射微结构一侧连接于所述第一波导片,另一侧连接于所述第二波导片,所述第二耦出衍射微结构与所述第一耦出衍射微结构的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增;或者所述第二衍射微结构层包括:第二耦入衍射微结构、第二耦出衍射微结构和第二转折衍射微结构;所述第二耦入衍射微结构与所述第一耦入衍射微结构设置在所述第一波导片同一厚度方向的相同区域内,所述第二耦入衍射微结构一侧连接于所述第一波导片,另一侧连接于所述第二波导片;所述第二耦出衍射微结构与所述第一耦出衍射微结构设置在所述第一波导片同一厚度方向的相同区域内,所述第二耦出衍射微结构一侧连接于所述第一波导片,另一侧连接于所述第二波导片,所述第二耦出衍射微结构与所述第一耦出衍射微结构的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增;所述第二转折衍射微结构与所述第一转折衍射微结构设置在所述第一波导片同一厚度方向的相同区域内,所述第二转折衍射微结构一侧连接于所述第一波导片,另一侧连接于所述第二波导片,所述第二转折衍射微结构与所述第一转折衍射微结构的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增。
- 根据权利要求6所述的多层衍射光波导器件,其特征在于,所述第三衍射微结构层包括:第三耦入衍射微结构和第三耦出衍射微结构,所述第三耦入衍射微结构与所述第二耦入衍射微结构设置在所述第二波导片同一 厚度方向的相同区域内,并连接于所述第二波导片;所述第三耦出衍射微结构与所述第二耦出衍射微结构设置在所述第二波导片同一厚度方向的相同区域内,并连接于所述第二波导片,所述第三耦出衍射微结构与所述第二耦出衍射微结构的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增;或者所述第三衍射微结构层包括:第三耦入衍射微结构、第三耦出衍射微结构和第三转折衍射微结构;所述第三耦入衍射微结构与所述第二耦入衍射微结构设置在所述第二波导片同一厚度方向的相同区域内,并连接于所述第二波导片;所述第三耦出衍射微结构与所述第二耦出衍射微结构设置在所述第二波导片同一厚度方向的相同区域内,并连接于所述第二波导片,所述第三耦出衍射微结构与所述第二耦出衍射微结构的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增;所述第三转折衍射微结构与所述第二转折衍射微结构设置在所述第二波导片同一厚度方向的相同区域内,并连接于所述第二波导片,所述第三转折衍射微结构与所述第二转折衍射微结构的面积沿光束扩展方向递减或递增。
- 根据权利要求7所述的多层衍射光波导器件,其特征在于,所述第一耦出衍射微结构、所述第二耦出衍射微结构和所述第三耦出衍射微结构上均设置有一个或多个孔洞;或者所述第一耦出衍射微结构、所述第二耦出衍射微结构和所述第三耦出衍射微结构设置为多个非连续区域;所述第一转折衍射微结构、所述第二转折衍射微结构和所述第三转折衍射微结构上均设置有一个或多个孔洞;或者所述第一转折衍射微结构、所述第二转折衍射微结构和所述第三转折衍射微结构设置为多个非连续区域。
- 根据权利要求8所述的多层衍射光波导器件,其特征在于,所述第三耦入衍射微结构上设置有反射器,所述反射器用于反射所述第二耦入衍射微结构透射的光。
- 一种近眼显示装置,其特征在于,包括:如权利要求1-9任一项所述的多层衍射光波导器件。
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