WO2021169383A1 - 用于呈现增强现实图像的装置和包含该装置的系统 - Google Patents

用于呈现增强现实图像的装置和包含该装置的系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021169383A1
WO2021169383A1 PCT/CN2020/126117 CN2020126117W WO2021169383A1 WO 2021169383 A1 WO2021169383 A1 WO 2021169383A1 CN 2020126117 W CN2020126117 W CN 2020126117W WO 2021169383 A1 WO2021169383 A1 WO 2021169383A1
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Prior art keywords
dimensional grating
grating array
optical waveguide
array
waveguide lens
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PCT/CN2020/126117
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
罗明辉
乔文
成堂东
李瑞彬
李玲
朱平
陈林森
Original Assignee
苏州苏大维格科技集团股份有限公司
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Priority to KR1020227029009A priority Critical patent/KR20220147595A/ko
Priority to US17/801,379 priority patent/US20230101961A1/en
Priority to JP2022536907A priority patent/JP7566355B2/ja
Publication of WO2021169383A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021169383A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1814—Diffraction gratings structurally combined with one or more further optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors, prisms or other diffraction gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1814—Diffraction gratings structurally combined with one or more further optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors, prisms or other diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1819—Plural gratings positioned on the same surface, e.g. array of gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/12007—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
    • G02B6/12009—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer comprising arrayed waveguide grating [AWG] devices, i.e. with a phased array of waveguides
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T19/00—Manipulating 3D models or images for computer graphics
    • G06T19/006—Mixed reality
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1814—Diffraction gratings structurally combined with one or more further optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors, prisms or other diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1819—Plural gratings positioned on the same surface, e.g. array of gratings
    • G02B5/1823—Plural gratings positioned on the same surface, e.g. array of gratings in an overlapping or superposed manner
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1866—Transmission gratings characterised by their structure, e.g. step profile, contours of substrate or grooves, pitch variations, materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to image display technology, in particular to a device for presenting augmented reality images and a system for realizing augmented reality display including the device.
  • Augmented reality (AR) technology is a new type of display technology that "seamlessly" integrates real world information and virtual world information. It not only displays real-world information, but also displays virtual information at the same time, so as to realize the mutual complement and superposition of the two kinds of information.
  • a head-mounted display is used to present a hybrid image in which the real world and a computer-generated virtual image are superimposed to the user.
  • the mainstream near-eye augmented reality display devices adopt the principle of optical waveguide.
  • the image on the micro-display spatial light modulator such as LCOS
  • the image on the micro-display spatial light modulator is coupled to the optical waveguide through three pantograph gratings, and then transmitted through the three optical waveguides, and finally directly in front of the human eye Coupling and outputting through the corresponding pantograph grating to project to the human eye.
  • a multilayer optical waveguide can be used.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a device for presenting augmented reality images, which has the advantages of simple structure, compactness, and low manufacturing cost.
  • An apparatus for presenting an augmented reality image according to an aspect of the present invention includes:
  • a first two-dimensional grating array located on the surface of the optical waveguide lens
  • a second two-dimensional grating array located on the surface of the optical waveguide lens
  • the positions of the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array on the surface of the optical waveguide lens are set such that the larger sides of the two face each other,
  • the first two-dimensional grating array is configured such that the light incident on the first two-dimensional grating array spreads to the entire first two-dimensional grating array on the one hand, and propagates to the second two-dimensional grating array on the other hand.
  • Grating array
  • the second two-dimensional grating array is configured such that the light propagating to the second two-dimensional grating array spreads to the entire second two-dimensional grating array on the one hand, and exits from the optical waveguide lens on the other hand,
  • the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array have the same period.
  • the first two-dimensional grating array is configured such that the light rays emitted from the first two-dimensional grating array propagate to the second second in the optical waveguide lens in a total reflection manner.
  • Dimensional grating array is configured such that the light rays emitted from the first two-dimensional grating array propagate to the second second in the optical waveguide lens in a total reflection manner.
  • the angle between the orientations of the two gratings of the first two-dimensional grating array is set to be large enough to avoid forming a high-brightness area in the middle of the second two-dimensional grating array.
  • the included angle is between 90° and 160°.
  • the grating of the second two-dimensional grating array is variable depth modulated.
  • the structural topography of the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array is one of the following types: cylindrical, conical, and square. And trapezoid.
  • the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array are substantially rectangular.
  • the middle section of the side of the first two-dimensional grating array facing the second two-dimensional grating array is farther away from the second two-dimensional grating array than the two ends.
  • the side of the first two-dimensional grating array facing the second two-dimensional grating array surrounds at least a part of the second two-dimensional grating array.
  • the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array are directly formed on the surface of the optical waveguide lens.
  • the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array are formed on the surface of the optical waveguide lens via an intermediate layer.
  • the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array are located on the same surface of the optical waveguide lens.
  • the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array are located on two opposite surfaces of the optical waveguide lens.
  • the first two-dimensional grating array includes one-dimensional grating arrays respectively located on two opposite surfaces of the optical waveguide lens, and the second two-dimensional grating array is located on the opposite One of two surfaces.
  • the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array are adjacent to each other.
  • the end surface of the optical waveguide lens is coated with a light absorbing layer.
  • the grating period of the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array is 200 nm-600 nm.
  • the grating depth of the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array is 50 nm-600 nm.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a system for realizing augmented reality display, which has an enlarged exit pupil window, so that the utilization rate of the lens surface can be improved.
  • the system for realizing augmented reality display includes:
  • An image source configured to provide light containing image information
  • the device for presenting augmented reality images as described above The device for presenting augmented reality images as described above.
  • a first two-dimensional grating array coupled into the enhanced region and a second two-dimensional grating array coupled out of the region are provided on the surface of the optical waveguide lens, wherein the first two-dimensional grating
  • the array has both an expansion role and a guiding role. Since the guiding area dedicated to guiding the light to the coupling-out area is omitted, the overall structure of the device can be made simpler and more compact, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. In addition, the omission of a dedicated guide area also helps to expand the area of the coupling-out area, thereby increasing the area of the exit pupil window and providing better visual effects.
  • 1A and 1B are respectively a top view and a three-dimensional view of an apparatus for presenting an augmented reality image according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the propagation path of light after entering the device 10 for presenting augmented reality images.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the device for presenting augmented reality images shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, and the cross-section shown is in the X-Z plane of FIG. 1B.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the device for presenting augmented reality images shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, and the cross-section shown is in the Y-Z plane of FIG. 1B.
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B are schematic cross-sectional views of an improved form of the device for presenting augmented reality images shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the diffraction effect of a two-dimensional grating array on light.
  • Fig. 7 schematically shows a situation where a bright beam of light is generated in the field of view.
  • 8A, 8B, and 8C are schematic diagrams of two-dimensional grating arrays with different orientation angles.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a first two-dimensional grating array adopting a bow-tie design.
  • FIG. 10 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of light transmission when the two-dimensional grating array shown in FIG. 1A is used.
  • FIG. 11 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of light transmission when the two-dimensional grating array shown in FIG. 9 is used.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a first two-dimensional grating array adopting a butterfly-like design.
  • 13A and 13B are respectively a top view and a perspective view of an apparatus for presenting an augmented reality image according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the device for presenting augmented reality images shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B, and the cross-section shown is in the X-Z plane of FIG. 13B.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the device for presenting augmented reality images shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B, and the cross-section shown is in the Y-Z plane of FIG. 13B.
  • the incident light needs to be expanded horizontally and vertically to expand the field of view image, and a special turning area is used to guide the expanded light to the out-coupling area.
  • This requires the use of complex structural design and high-precision manufacturing processes.
  • a first two-dimensional grating array as a coupling and guiding area and a second two-dimensional grating array as a coupling-out area are provided on the surface of the optical waveguide lens.
  • the first two-dimensional grating array has both the function of expanding the light and guiding the light to the designated area.
  • the overall structure of the device can be made simpler and more compact, which helps to meet the needs of miniaturization applications, and also reduces the accuracy requirements.
  • the omission of a dedicated guide area is also conducive to expanding the area of the coupling-out area, thereby increasing the area of the exit pupil window.
  • the positions of the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array on the surface of the optical waveguide lens can be flexibly set, as long as there is enough light from the first two-dimensional grating array Propagate to the second two-dimensional grating array.
  • the larger sides of the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array may be opposed to each other, so that as much light as possible can propagate from the first two-dimensional grating array to the second two-dimensional grating array.
  • suitable structural parameters can be selected for the first two-dimensional grating array, so that the light emitted from the first two-dimensional grating array propagates to the second in the optical waveguide lens by total reflection.
  • Two-dimensional grating array can be selected for the first two-dimensional grating array, so that the light emitted from the first two-dimensional grating array propagates to the second in the optical waveguide lens by total reflection.
  • a two-dimensional grating array can be formed by two single-beam group superimposed exposures.
  • the position of the exposure light source and the waveguide is fixed and the first exposure is performed to form a one-dimensional grating structure; then, the position of the exposure light source is kept unchanged.
  • the rotation angle of the two exposures corresponds to the included angle between the two grating orientations of the formed two-dimensional grating array structure.
  • the included angle of the two grating orientations is 90°-160°.
  • the exposure light source provides two plane waves to form an exposure interference surface.
  • the exposure light source can provide four plane waves at the same time, which are divided into two groups, and each group corresponds to an exposure interference surface, so that a two-dimensional grating array can be obtained through one-time exposure.
  • the structure of the formed two-dimensional grating array can be in various shapes, for example, including but not limited to cylindrical, conical, square and trapezoidal, and is periodically distributed in two directions in a lattice shape, that is, a two-dimensional grating array.
  • the two grating orientations of the two grating orientations are consistent with the exposure directions of the interference surface of the two exposures.
  • the two grating orientations of the two-dimensional grating array are set as the first orientation G1 and the second orientation G2, respectively.
  • the angle between the orientation of the two gratings of the first two-dimensional grating array can be set sufficiently large (for example, the angle is set between 90° and 160° ), so as to prevent high-intensity light components in a specific direction (for example, light components emitted along the grating vector) from entering the second two-dimensional grating array and forming a high-brightness area in the middle of the second two-dimensional grating array.
  • the shape of the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array there is no limitation on the shape of the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array.
  • the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array are substantially rectangular; or alternatively, the side of the first two-dimensional grating array facing the second two-dimensional grating array can be curved or curved. Folded (for example, the middle section of the side is farther away from the second two-dimensional grating array than the two ends); or alternatively, the side of the first two-dimensional grating array facing the second two-dimensional grating array surrounds at least a part of the second two Dimensional grating array.
  • the distance between the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array there is no limitation on the distance between the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array.
  • there is a smooth waveguide area between the two which can maximize the efficiency of the decoupling area viewed by the human eye. Avoid unnecessary diffraction attenuation.
  • the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array may also be integrated or close together.
  • FIG. 1A and 1B are respectively a top view and a perspective view of an apparatus for presenting an enhanced real image according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus for presenting an augmented reality image of this embodiment may adopt the form of glasses.
  • the device 10 for presenting an augmented reality image of this embodiment includes an optical waveguide lens 110 and a first two-dimensional grating array 121 and a second two-dimensional grating array 122 disposed on the surface of the optical waveguide lens.
  • first two-dimensional grating array 121 and the second two-dimensional grating array 122 may be directly formed on the surface of the optical waveguide lens 110.
  • first two-dimensional grating array 121 and the second two-dimensional grating array 122 can also be formed on the surface of the optical waveguide lens 110 via an intermediate layer.
  • the optical waveguide lens 110 is an optical waveguide with high transmittance in the visible light band, the refractive index range is greater than 1.4, and the thickness is not greater than 2 mm.
  • the first two-dimensional grating array 121 and the second two-dimensional grating array 122 are substantially rectangular, and their positions on the optical waveguide lens 110 are set so that their respective longer sides are opposite. .
  • the first two-dimensional grating array 121 and the second two-dimensional grating array 122 have the same period.
  • a two-dimensional grating array has periodicity in two directions, so the same period mentioned here refers to the same period in both directions.
  • a suitable period is selected for the first two-dimensional grating array 121 and the second two-dimensional grating array 122 according to the diffraction efficiency of light of different wavelengths (for example, selection in the range of 200 nm-600 nm).
  • the angle between the orientations of the two gratings in the first two-dimensional grating array can be set large enough to prevent high-intensity light components in a specific direction from forming a high-brightness area in the middle of the second two-dimensional grating array.
  • the included angle can be selected in the range of 90°-160°.
  • a suitable grating depth (for example, between 50 nm and 600 nm) is selected for the first two-dimensional grating array 121 and the second two-dimensional grating array 122. Select within the range) and duty cycle.
  • the grating depth of the second two-dimensional grating array can be modulated with variable depth.
  • the structural topography of the first two-dimensional grating array 121 and the second two-dimensional grating array 122 may be various shapes, for example, including but not limited to cylindrical, conical, square, and trapezoidal.
  • the first two-dimensional grating array 121 and the second two-dimensional grating array 122 may be located on the same surface of the optical waveguide lens 110. However, it is also feasible that they are respectively located on two opposite surfaces of the optical waveguide lens 110.
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B The working principle of the device for presenting augmented reality images shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B is described below.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the propagation path of light after entering the device 10 for presenting augmented reality images.
  • the light from the image source is incident on the first two-dimensional grating array 121 along a direction (for example, a direction perpendicular to the paper) at a certain angle with the paper surface, and is diffracted by the first two-dimensional grating array 121 A number of diffracted light rays of the first order and -1 order are formed, as shown in Figure 2.
  • the light coupled by the first two-dimensional grating array can be reflected between the upper and lower surfaces of the optical waveguide lens 110, thereby expanding the light in the horizontal direction (the X-axis direction in the figure) (below, with the help of Figs. 3 and 4, further description of).
  • the diffracted light rays will reach the first two-dimensional grating array 121 multiple times when propagating in the optical waveguide lens, and some of the diffracted rays will form reflections.
  • the formula diffracts and changes the azimuth angle at the same time, so as to propagate to the second two-dimensional grating array 122 (the paper surface in the figure is in the downward direction), as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the diffracted light rays will reach the second two-dimensional grating array 122 multiple times when propagating in the optical waveguide lens, and some of the diffracted light rays will be transmitted. Diffracts and changes the azimuth angle at the same time, so that the optical waveguide lens 110 is emitted or coupled out along a certain angle with the paper surface (for example, the direction perpendicular to the paper surface in the figure), so that the human eye can view the entire second two-dimensional grating array A clear image can be seen in the area of 122.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the device for presenting augmented reality images shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, and the cross-section shown is in the X-Z plane of FIG. 1B.
  • 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the device for presenting augmented reality images shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, and the cross-section shown is in the Y-Z plane of FIG. 1B.
  • the light from the image source reaches the first two-dimensional grating array 121.
  • the light After being diffracted by the first two-dimensional grating array 121, the light is coupled into the optical waveguide lens 110 to expand along the X-axis direction in FIG. 3.
  • the diffraction efficiency of light coupling can be improved.
  • FIG. 4 when the diffracted light propagates in the optical waveguide lens, under the action of the first two-dimensional grating array 121, a part of the azimuth angle is changed, so that along the Y-axis direction in FIG. 4, in the optical waveguide lens 110 After multiple reflections, the second two-dimensional grating array 122 is reached.
  • some of the diffracted light forms a transmissive diffraction and at the same time changes the azimuth angle, thereby exiting or coupling out the optical waveguide lens 110 along the Z axis in FIG.
  • the user presents an image of augmented reality.
  • the light absorbing layer 130 may be coated on the end surface or the periphery of the optical waveguide lens 110.
  • the light absorbing layer can absorb the light reaching the end surface of the optical waveguide lens, so as to prevent the end surface reflection from interfering with the light propagating in the optical waveguide lens.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the diffraction effect of the two-dimensional grating array on light, and the angle between the orientation of the two gratings of the two-dimensional grating array shown in FIG. 7 is 120°.
  • the two-dimensional grating array shown in FIG. 6 is the first two-dimensional grating array 121 and the second two-dimensional grating array 122 is located below the first two-dimensional grating array 121 (shown by the Y-axis arrow in FIG. 7). For the downward direction).
  • the two-dimensional grating array shown in FIG. 6 is the first two-dimensional grating array 121 and the second two-dimensional grating array 122 is located below the first two-dimensional grating array 121 (shown by the Y-axis arrow in FIG. 7). For the downward direction).
  • the two-dimensional grating array shown in FIG. 6 is the first two-dimensional grating array 121 and the second two-dimensional grating array 122 is located below the first two-dimensional grating array 121 (shown by the Y-axis arrow in FIG. 7). For the downward direction).
  • FIG. 6 when light 1 is incident on the array point A of the two-dimensional grating array, under the diffraction
  • the light 3 and the light 4 propagate in a direction away from the second two-dimensional grating array or the outcoupling region, and the light 5 propagates in the direction of the first orientation G1 of the grating array close to the outcoupling region.
  • the light 2 travels to the array point B along the direction of the second orientation G2 of the grating array. Under the action of the array structure, light 6, 7, 8, and 9 will be generated, which are along the second orientation of the grating array.
  • the light 7 propagating in the direction of the orientation G2 toward the out-coupling area occupies most of the energy of the light 2, and the light 6 travels away from the out-coupling area in the direction of the first orientation G1 of the grating array, and the light 9 is transmitted along the Z axis.
  • the diffraction pattern exits from the two-dimensional grating array, and the light 8 propagates along the direction of the first orientation G1 of the grating array to the array point D.
  • similar changes occur under the action of the two-dimensional diffraction grating array.
  • the light components propagating along the two grating orientations of the first two-dimensional grating array 121 and the second two-dimensional grating array 122 have greater intensity, so that in the first A two-dimensional grating array 121 and a second two-dimensional grating array 122 generate two relatively bright columnar regions.
  • the angle between the orientations of the two gratings is small, the columnar area will be located in the middle of the second two-dimensional grating array 122, which results in the obvious unevenness of brightness observed in the observation area.
  • FIG. 7 which schematically shows a situation where a bright beam of light is generated in the observation area.
  • FIG. 8A, 8B, and 8C are schematic diagrams of two-dimensional grating arrays with different orientation angles, where the two-dimensional grating array shown in FIG. 8A has two grating orientation angles of 90°, and the two-dimensional grating shown in FIG. 8B The angle between the two grating orientations of the array is 120°, and the angle between the two grating orientations of the two-dimensional grating array shown in FIG. 8C is 160°.
  • the incident light undergoes multiple total reflection and diffraction to achieve image expansion and light transmission, and the larger orientation angle meets the viewing area while avoiding the image 7 shows the phenomenon of uneven brightness in the field of view.
  • the first two-dimensional grating array and the second two-dimensional grating array are substantially rectangular.
  • the first two-dimensional grating array shown in Figs. 1A and 1B may be designed as a bow-tie type as shown in Fig. 9.
  • the second two-dimensional grating array 122 is substantially rectangular, and the longer side of the first two-dimensional grating array 121 is curved or bent.
  • the middle section of the side of the first two-dimensional grating array 121 facing the second two-dimensional grating array 122 is farther away from the second two-dimensional grating array 122 than the two ends.
  • FIG. 10 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of light transmission when the two-dimensional grating array shown in FIG. 1A is adopted
  • FIG. 11 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of light transmission when the two-dimensional grating array shown in FIG. 9 is adopted. It can be seen from comparison that as the conduction angle continues to increase, since the first two-dimensional grating array shown in Fig. 10 adopts a bow-tie design, off-center light can still be transmitted in the first two-dimensional grating array, that is, The off-center light can still be angularly deflected under the action of the first two-dimensional grating array to enter the second two-dimensional grating array, thus preventing or suppressing the escape loss of the light.
  • the first two-dimensional grating array shown in FIG. 12 may also be substituted for the first two-dimensional grating array shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B.
  • the second two-dimensional grating array 122 is substantially rectangular, and the side of the first two-dimensional grating array 121 facing the second two-dimensional grating array 122 surrounds at least a part of the second two-dimensional grating array.
  • the second two-dimensional grating array shown in Figure 12 similar to the bow-tie design shown in Figure 9, off-center light rays can still be angularly deflected under the action of the first two-dimensional grating array and enter the second two-dimensional The grating array therefore prevents or suppresses the escape loss of light.
  • FIGS. 13A and 13B are respectively a top view and a perspective view of an apparatus for presenting an augmented reality image according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus for presenting an augmented reality image of this embodiment may adopt the form of glasses.
  • the device 10 for presenting an augmented reality image of this embodiment includes an optical waveguide lens 110 and a first two-dimensional grating array 121 and a second two-dimensional grating array 122 disposed on the surface of the optical waveguide lens.
  • the difference from the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B is that in this embodiment, the two one-dimensional grating arrays 121A and 121B included in the first two-dimensional grating array 121 are respectively located on two opposite sides of the optical waveguide lens 110.
  • the one-dimensional grating arrays 121A and 121B have different orientations.
  • the second two-dimensional grating array 122 is located on one of the two opposite surfaces (for example, the upper surface of the optical waveguide lens in the figure).
  • this embodiment can adopt various features of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B. To avoid repetition, the following mainly describes the aspects related to the differences.
  • the light from the image source is incident on the one-dimensional grating array 121A located on the upper surface of the optical waveguide lens 110, and diffracted light is formed by the diffraction effect of the one-dimensional grating array.
  • These coupled diffracted rays can be reflected between the upper and lower surfaces of the optical waveguide lens 110, thereby expanding the rays in the horizontal direction (the X-axis direction in the figure).
  • the diffracted light rays will reach the one-dimensional grating array 121A multiple times when propagating in the optical waveguide lens, and some of the diffracted light rays will form reflective diffraction and change the azimuth angle at the same time, so as to propagate to the second two-dimensional grating array 122.
  • part of the light from the image source reaches the one-dimensional grating array 121B on the lower surface without being diffracted by the one-dimensional grating array 121A, and forms diffracted light by the diffraction of the one-dimensional grating array 121B.
  • These diffracted light rays can also be reflected between the upper and lower surfaces of the optical waveguide lens 110, thereby expanding the light rays in the horizontal direction (the X-axis direction in the figure), and propagating to the second two-dimensional grating array 122 due to changing the azimuth angle.
  • the diffraction angles of these diffracted rays can satisfy the total reflection condition of the optical waveguide lens, and thus propagate in the optical waveguide lens in a total reflection mode.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the device for presenting augmented reality images shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B, and the cross-section shown is in the X-Z plane of FIG. 13B.
  • 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the device for presenting augmented reality images shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B, and the cross-section shown is in the Y-Z plane of FIG. 13B.
  • the light from the image source reaches the one-dimensional grating array 121A.
  • the diffracted light (marked by a solid line in the figure) formed by the diffraction action of the one-dimensional grating array 121A.
  • the diffracted light is reflected multiple times between the upper and lower surfaces of the optical waveguide lens 110, so as to realize the expansion of the light along the X-axis direction in FIG. 14.
  • a part of the light from the image source reaches the one-dimensional grating array 121B without being diffracted by the one-dimensional grating array 121A.
  • This part of the light also forms diffracted light by the diffraction of the one-dimensional grating array 121B (indicated by dotted lines in the figure). ), the diffracted light rays are also reflected multiple times between the upper and lower surfaces of the optical waveguide lens 110, and thus expand along the X-axis direction in FIG. 14.
  • the two-way transmission of light is realized in the waveguide lens 110, not only the scope of the observation area can be enlarged, but the display efficiency is also improved.
  • part of the diffracted light forms transmission diffraction and changes the azimuth angle at the same time, thereby exiting or coupling out the optical waveguide lens 110 along the Z-axis direction in FIG.

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Abstract

用于呈现增强现实图像的装置（10）和包含该装置（10）的用于实现增强现实显示的系统。该装置（10）包含：光波导镜片（110）；以及位于光波导镜片（110）表面的第一二维光栅阵列（121）；位于光波导镜片（110）表面的第二二维光栅阵列（122），其中，第一二维光栅阵列（121）和第二二维光栅阵列（122）在光波导镜片（110）表面上的位置被设置为使二者的较大的边相对，其中，第一二维光栅阵列（121）配置为使入射至第一二维光栅阵列（121）的光线一方面扩展至整个第一二维光栅阵列（121），另一方面传播至第二二维光栅阵列（122），其中，第二二维光栅阵列（122）配置为使传播至第二二维光栅阵列（122）的光线一方面扩展至整个第二二维光栅阵列（122），另一方面从光波导镜片（110）出射，其中，第一二维光栅阵列（121）和第二二维光栅阵列（122）具有相同的周期。

Description

用于呈现增强现实图像的装置和包含该装置的系统 技术领域
本发明涉及图像显示技术，特别涉及用于呈现增强现实图像的装置和包含该装置的用于实现增强现实显示的系统。
背景技术
增强现实(AR)技术是一种将真实世界信息和虚拟世界信息“无缝”集成在一起的新型显示技术。它不仅展现真实世界的信息，而且还将虚拟信息同时显示出来，从而实现两种信息的相互补充和叠加。在视觉化的增强现实中，利用头盔显示器将真实世界与计算机生成的虚拟图像叠加在一起的混合图像呈现给用户。
目前主流的近眼式增强现实显示设备大多采用光波导原理。例如，在典型的增强现实显示设备中，微显示空间光调制器(例如LCOS)上的图像经过三片全患光栅耦合至光波导，随后经三片光波导分别传输，最后在人眼正前方通过相应的全患光栅耦合输出以投影至人眼。为了实现彩色投影，可以采用多层光波导的方式。
在增强现实显示设备的推广应用过程中，尺寸、性能和价格是制约普及程度的重要因素。因此如何兼顾这些因素以提供高性价比的产品是业界热切关注的一个课题。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于呈现增强现实图像的装置，其具有结构简单、紧凑和制造成本低等优点。
按照本发明一个方面的用于呈现增强现实图像的装置包含：
光波导镜片；以及
位于所述光波导镜片表面的第一二维光栅阵列；
位于所述光波导镜片表面的第二二维光栅阵列，
其中，所述第一二维光栅阵列和所述第二二维光栅阵列在所述光波导镜片表面上的位置被设置为使二者的较大的边相对，
其中，所述第一二维光栅阵列配置为使入射至所述第一二维光栅阵列的光线一方面扩展至整个所述第一二维光栅阵列，另一方面传播至所述第二二维光栅阵列，
其中，所述第二二维光栅阵列配置为使传播至所述第二二维光栅阵列的光线一方面扩展至整个所述第二二维光栅阵列，另一方面从所述光波导镜片出射，
其中，所述第一二维光栅阵列和所述第二二维光栅阵列具有相同的周期。
可选地，在上述装置中，所述第一二维光栅阵列配置为使从所述第一二维光栅阵列出射的光线在所述光波导镜片内以全反射方式传播至所述第二二维光栅阵列。
可选地，在上述装置中，所述第一二维光栅阵列的两个光栅取向的夹角被设置得足够大以避免在所述第二二维光栅阵列的中部形成高亮度区域。
可选地，在上述装置中，所述夹角在90°～160°之间。
可选地，在上述装置中，所述第二二维光栅阵列的光栅是变深度调制的。
可选地，在上述装置中，所述第一二维光栅阵列和所述第二二维光栅阵列的结构形貌为由下列种类构成的组中的其中一种：圆柱形、圆锥形、方形和梯形。
可选地，在上述装置中，所述第一二维光栅阵列和所述第二二维光栅阵列大体上为矩形。
可选地，在上述装置中，所述第一二维光栅阵列的面向所述第二二维光栅阵列的边的中段与两端相比更为远离所述第二二 维光栅阵列。
可选地，在上述装置中，所述第一二维光栅阵列的面向所述第二二维光栅阵列的边包围至少一部分所述第二二维光栅阵列。
可选地，在上述装置中，所述第一二维光栅阵列和所述第二二维光栅阵列直接形成于所述光波导镜片的表面。
可选地，在上述装置中，所述第一二维光栅阵列和所述第二二维光栅阵列借助中间层形成于所述光波导镜片的表面。
可选地，在上述装置中，所述第一二维光栅阵列和所述第二二维光栅阵列位于所述光波导镜片的同一表面。
可选地，在上述装置中，所述第一二维光栅阵列和所述第二二维光栅阵列位于所述光波导镜片的相对的两个表面。
可选地，在上述装置中，所述第一二维光栅阵列包含分别位于所述光波导镜片的相对的两个表面的一维光栅阵列，所述第二二维光栅阵列位于所述相对的两个表面的其中一个。
可选地，在上述装置中，所述第一二维光栅阵列和所述第二二维光栅阵列之间具有间距。
可选地，在上述装置中，所述第一二维光栅阵列和所述第二二维光栅阵列是紧邻在一起的。
可选地，在上述装置中，所述光波导镜片的端面涂覆光吸收层。
可选地，在上述装置中，所述第一二维光栅阵列和所述第二二维光栅阵列的光栅周期为200nm-600nm。
可选地，在上述装置中，所述第一二维光栅阵列和所述第二二维光栅阵列的光栅深度为50nm-600nm。
本发明的还有一个目的是提供一种用于实现增强现实显示的系统，其具有增大的出瞳视窗，从而能够提高镜片表面的利用率。
按照本发明另一个方面的用于实现增强现实显示的系统包含：
图像源，配置为提供包含图像信息的光线；以及
如上所述的用于呈现增强现实图像的装置。
在按照本发明的一个或多个实施例中，在光波导镜片的表面设置作为耦入增强区域的第一二维光栅阵列和耦出区域的第二二维光栅阵列，其中第一二维光栅阵列兼具扩展作用和引导作用。由于省去了专门用于将光线导向耦出区域的引导区域，因此可使装置的总体结构更为简单、紧凑并降低了制造成本。另外，省去专用的引导区域也有助于扩大耦出区域的面积，从而增大出瞳视窗面积，提供更好的视觉效果。此外，通过将第一二维光栅阵列中的两个光栅取向的夹角设置得足够大，能够避免特定方向上的高强度光线分量进入第二二维光栅阵列的中部，抑制或消除视场图像的光学效率不均衡的问题。
附图说明
图1A和1B分别为按照本发明一个实施例的用于呈现增强现实图像的装置的俯视图和立体图。
图2为光线进入用于呈现增强现实图像的装置10之后的传播路径示意图。
图3为图1A和1B所示的用于呈现增强现实图像的装置的剖面示意图，所示剖面位于图1B的X-Z平面内。
图4为图1A和1B所示的用于呈现增强现实图像的装置的剖面示意图，所示剖面位于图1B的Y-Z平面内。
图5为图1A和1B所示用于呈现增强现实图像的装置的改进形式的剖面示意图。
图6为二维光栅阵列对光线的衍射作用的示意图。
图7示意性地示出了在视场内产生明亮光柱的情形。
图8A、8B和8C为具有不同取向夹角的二维光栅阵列的示意图。
图9为采用蝴蝶结型设计的第一二维光栅阵列的示意图。
图10为采用图1A所示二维光栅阵列时光线传导的立体示意图。
图11为采用图9所示二维光栅阵列时光线传导的立体示意图。
图12为采用类蝶型设计的第一二维光栅阵列的示意图。
图13A和13B分别为按照本发明另一个实施例的用于呈现增强现实图像的装置的俯视图和立体图。
图14为图13A和13B所示的用于呈现增强现实图像的装置的剖面示意图，所示剖面位于图13B的X-Z平面内。
图15为图13A和13B所示的用于呈现增强现实图像的装置的剖面示意图，所示剖面位于图13B的Y-Z平面内。
具体实施方式
下面参照其中图示了本发明示意性实施例的附图更为全面地说明本发明。但本发明可以按不同形式来实现，而不应解读为仅限于本文给出的各实施例。给出的上述各实施例旨在使本文的披露全面完整，以将本发明的保护范围更为全面地传达给本领域技术人员。
在本说明书中，诸如“包含”和“包括”之类的用语表示除了具有在说明书和权利要求书中有直接和明确表述的单元和步骤以外，本发明的技术方案也不排除具有未被直接或明确表述的其它单元和步骤的情形。
诸如“第一”和“第二”之类的用语并不表示单元在时间、空间、大小等方面的顺序而仅仅是作区分各单元之用。
在现有技术中，需要对入射光线进行水平和垂直方向的扩展以扩大视场图像，并且采用专门的转折区域将扩展后的光线导向耦出区域。这要求采用复杂的结构设计和高精度的制造工艺。
在本发明的一个或多个实施例中，在光波导镜片的表面设置作为耦入与引导区域的第一二维光栅阵列和作为耦出区域的第二二维光栅阵列。当光线入射至第一二维光栅阵列时，在第一二维光栅阵列的作用下，光线一方面扩展至整个第一二维光栅阵列，另一方面向第二二维光栅阵列传播。也就是说，第一二维光栅阵列兼具扩展光线的作用和将光线导向指定区域的作用。由于省去了专门用于将光线导向耦出区域的引导区域或光学功能结构，因此可以使装置的总体结构更为简单、紧凑，有助于满足微型化的应用需求，同时也降低了精度要求。另外，省去专用的引导区域也有利于扩大耦出区域的面积，从而增大出瞳视窗的面积。
在本发明的一个或多个实施例中，第一二维光栅阵列和第二二维光栅阵列在光波导镜片表面上的位置可灵活设置，只要使得有足够的光线从第一二维光栅阵列传播至第二二维光栅阵列。可选地，可以使第一二维光栅阵列和第二二维光栅阵列的较大的边相对，从而使尽可能多的光线从第一二维光栅阵列传播至第二二维光栅阵列。
在本发明的一个或多个实施例中，可以通过为第一二维光栅阵列选择合适的结构参数，使得从第一二维光栅阵列出射的光线在光波导镜片内以全反射方式传播至第二二维光栅阵列。
二维光栅阵列可以通过两次单光束组叠加曝光形成，示例性地，首先固定曝光光源与波导位置并进行第一次曝光，从而形成一维光栅结构；接着在保持曝光光源位置不变的情况下将波导沿中心旋转预定的角度，然后完成第二次曝光以形成二维光栅阵列结构。两次曝光旋转的角度与所形成的二维光栅阵列结构的两个光栅取向之间的夹角对应，可选地，两个光栅取向的夹角为90°～160°。
可选地，在上述两次单光束组叠加曝光的工艺中，曝光光源提供两束平面波以形成一曝光干涉面。需要指出的是，也可以采 用其它工艺来形成二维光栅阵列。例如可以由曝光光源同时提供四束平面波，它们被分为两组，每组对应于一个曝光干涉面，由此可以通过一次性曝光而获得二维光栅阵列。所形成的二维光栅阵列的结构形貌可以是各种形状，例如包括但不限于圆柱形、圆锥形、方形和梯形，并在两个方向上呈点阵状周期分布，即二维光栅阵列的两个光栅取向，该两个光栅取向与两次曝光干涉面的曝光方向一致，为了便于理解，设定二维光栅阵列的两个光栅取向分别为第一取向G1和第二取向G2。
在本发明的一个或多个实施例中，可以通过将第一二维光栅阵列的两个光栅取向的夹角设置得足够大(例如将夹角设置在夹角在90°～160°之间)，从而避免特定方向的高强度光线分量(例如沿光栅矢量出射的光线分量)在进入第二二维光栅阵列后，于第二二维光栅阵列的中部形成高亮度区域。
需要指出的是，在本发明的一个或多个实施例中，对于第一二维光栅阵列和第二二维光栅阵列的形状并无限制。可选地，第一二维光栅阵列和第二二维光栅阵列大体上为矩形；或者可选地，可以使第一二维光栅阵列的面向第二二维光栅阵列的边是弯曲的或弯折的(例如边的中段与两端相比更为远离第二二维光栅阵列)；或者可选地，第一二维光栅阵列的面向第二二维光栅阵列的边包围至少一部分第二二维光栅阵列。
还需要指出的是，在本发明的一个或多个实施例中，对于第一二维光栅阵列和第二二维光栅阵列之间间距并无限制。可选地，第一二维光栅阵列与第二二维光栅阵列之间可以存在间距，此时二者之间存在光滑的波导区域，这能够使人眼观看的耦出区域的效率最大化，避免不必要的衍射衰减。可选地，第一二维光栅阵列与第二二维光栅阵列也可以是一体化的或紧邻在一起的。
以下借助附图描述本发明的实施例。
图1A和1B分别为按照本发明一个实施例的用于呈现增强现 实图像的装置的俯视图和立体图。示例性地，本实施例的用于呈现增强现实图像的装置可以采用眼镜的形式。
参见图1A和1B，本实施例的用于呈现增强现实图像的装置10包括光波导镜片110和设置于光波导镜片表面的第一二维光栅阵列121和第二二维光栅阵列122。
可选地，第一二维光栅阵列121和第二二维光栅阵列122可直接形成于光波导镜片110的表面。或者可选地，第一二维光栅阵列121和第二二维光栅阵列122也可借助中间层形成于光波导镜片110的表面。
可选地。光波导镜片110为可见光波段下具有高透过率的光波导，折射率范围大于1.4，厚度不大于2mm。
如图1A和1B所示，第一二维光栅阵列121和第二二维光栅阵列122大体上为矩形，它们在光波导镜片110上的位置被设置为使它们各自的较长边是相对的。
在本实施例中，第一二维光栅阵列121和第二二维光栅阵列122具有相同的周期。一个二维光栅阵列在两个方向上具有周期性，因此这里所述的相同的周期指的是在两个方向上均具有相同的周期。可选地，根据不同波长光线的衍射效率为第一二维光栅阵列121和第二二维光栅阵列122选择合适的周期(例如在200nm-600nm的范围选择)。
如上所述，可以通过将第一二维光栅阵列中的两个光栅取向的夹角设置得足够大来避免特定方向的高强度光线分量在第二二维光栅阵列的中部形成高亮度区域。在本实施例中，可选地，该夹角可以在90°-160°的范围内选择。
在本实施例中，可选地，根据光栅深度和占空比对衍射效率的影响，为第一二维光栅阵列121和第二二维光栅阵列122选择合适的光栅深度(例如在50nm-600nm的范围内选择)和占空比。此外，为了均衡第二二维光栅阵列的亮度，可以对第二二维光栅 阵列的光栅深度进行变深度的调制。
在本实施例中，可选地，第一二维光栅阵列121和第二二维光栅阵列122的结构形貌可以是各种形状，例如包括但不限于圆柱形、圆锥形、方形和梯形。
在本实施例中，可选地，第一二维光栅阵列121和第二二维光栅阵列122可以位于光波导镜片110的同一表面。但是它们分别位于光波导镜片110两个相对的表面也是可行的。
以下描述图1A和1B所示的用于呈现增强现实图像的装置的工作原理。
图2为光线进入用于呈现增强现实图像的装置10之后的传播路径示意图。在本实施例中，来自图像源的光线沿与纸面呈一定夹角的方向(例如垂直于纸面的方向)入射到第一二维光栅阵列121，经第一二维光栅阵列121的衍射形成多个1级和-1级衍射光线，如图2所示。这些经第一二维光栅阵列耦入的光线可在光波导镜片110的上下表面之间反射，从而沿水平方向(图中的X轴方向)对光线进行扩展(下面借助图3和4作进一步的描述)。
另一方面，由于第一二维光栅阵列121位于光波导镜片110的表面，因此衍射光线在光波导镜片内传播时将多次到达第一二维光栅阵列121，其中有部分衍射光线将形成反射式衍射并且同时改变方位角，从而向第二二维光栅阵列122传播(图中纸面向下的方向)，如图2所示。
沿靠近第二二维光栅阵列122方向传播的光线到达第二二维光栅阵列122后，在光波导镜片110的上下表面之间反射，从而沿水平方向对光线进行扩展(下面借助图3和4作进一步的描述)。
另一方面，由于第二二维光栅阵列122位于光波导镜片110的表面，因此衍射光线在光波导镜片内传播时将多次到达第二二维光栅阵列122，其中有部分衍射光线将形成透射式衍射并且同 时改变方位角，从而沿与纸面呈一定夹角的方向(例如图中垂直于纸面的方向)出射或耦出光波导镜片110，因而人眼可在整个第二二维光栅阵列122的区域观看到清晰的图像。
图3为图1A和1B所示的用于呈现增强现实图像的装置的剖面示意图，所示剖面位于图1B的X-Z平面内。图4为图1A和1B所示的用于呈现增强现实图像的装置的剖面示意图，所示剖面位于图1B的Y-Z平面内。
参见图3，来自图像源的光线到达第一二维光栅阵列121。经过第一二维光栅阵列121的衍射，光线被耦入光波导镜片110，从而沿图3中的X轴方向扩展。通过使第一二维光栅阵列121以适当的角度倾斜，可以提高光线耦入的衍射效率。如图4所示，衍射光线在光波导镜片内传播时，在第一二维光栅阵列121的作用下，有一部分改变方位角，从而沿图4中的Y轴方向，在光波导镜片110内经过多次反射而到达第二二维光栅阵列122。
参见图4，在第二二维光栅阵列122的作用下，有部分衍射光线形成透射式衍射并且同时改变方位角，从而沿图4中的Z轴方向出射或耦出光波导镜片110，由此向用户呈现增强现实的图像。
在本实施例中，如图5所示，可以在光波导镜片110的端面或四周涂覆光吸收层130。该光吸收层可吸收到达光波导镜片端面的光线，从而避免端面反射对光波导镜片内传播的光线造成干扰。
图6为二维光栅阵列对光线的衍射作用的示意图，图7所示的二维光栅阵列的两个光栅取向的夹角为120°。
在下面的描述中假设图6所示的二维光栅阵列为第一二维光栅阵列121并且第二二维光栅阵列122位于第一二维光栅阵列121的下方(图7中Y轴箭头所示为向下的方向)。如图6所示，当光线1入射到二维光栅阵列的阵列点A时，在光栅的衍射作用下，将产生四个方向的衍射光线，分别为沿着光栅阵列的第一 取向G1的方向的光线3和光线5和沿着光栅阵列第二取向G2的方向的光线2和光线4。在图6所示的情形下，光线3、光线4向着远离第二二维光栅阵或耦出区域的方向传播，光线5沿着光栅阵列第一取向G1接近耦出区域的方向传播。与此同时，光线2沿着光栅阵列第二取向G2的方向传播至阵列点B，在阵列结构的作用下，将产生光线6、光线7、光线8、光线9，其沿着光栅阵列第二取向G2的方向向耦出区域的方向传播的光线7占有光线2的绝大部分能量，光线6沿着光栅阵列第一取向G1的方向远离耦出区域的方向传播，光线9沿Z轴以透射式衍射方式从二维光栅阵列出射，光线8沿着光栅阵列第一取向G1的方向传播，直至阵列点D。对于图6中的其它光线，其在二维衍射光栅阵列的作用下也发生类似的变化。
在图6所示的情形下，相对于反射式衍射，沿着第一二维光栅阵列121和第二二维光栅阵列122的两个光栅取向传播的光线分量具有较大的强度，从而在第一二维光栅阵列121和第二二维光栅阵列122产生两个较为明亮的柱状区域。当两个光栅取向的夹角较小时，柱状区域将位于第二二维光栅阵列122的中部，从而导致在观察区域内观察到亮度明显不均匀的现象。参见图7，其示意性地示出了在观察区域内产生明亮光柱的情形。
图8A、8B和8C为具有不同取向夹角的二维光栅阵列的示意图，其中图8A所示的二维光栅阵列的两个光栅取向的夹角为90°，图8B所示的二维光栅阵列的两个光栅取向的夹角为120°，图8C所示的二维光栅阵列的两个光栅取向的夹角为160°。在图8A-8C所示的二维光栅阵列中，入射光线经过多次全反射和衍射，实现了图像扩展和光线传导，并且较大的取向夹角在满足观察区域观看的同时，避免了图7所示的视场亮度不均匀的现象。
在本实施例中，第一二维光栅阵列和第二二维光栅阵列大体上为矩形。可选地，图1A和1B中所示的第一二维光栅阵列可 以设计为如图9所示的蝴蝶结型。
参见图9，第二二维光栅阵列122大体上为矩形，第一二维光栅阵列121的较长边是弯曲的或弯折的。特别是，第一二维光栅阵列121面向第二二维光栅阵列122的边的中段与两端相比更为远离第二二维光栅阵列122。
图10为采用图1A所示二维光栅阵列时光线传导的立体示意图，而图11为采用图9所示二维光栅阵列时光线传导的立体示意图。通过比较可见，随着传导角度的不断变大，由于图10所示的第一二维光栅阵列采用蝴蝶结型设计，偏离中心的光线依然可以在第一二维光栅阵列内传导，也就是说，偏离中心的光线依然可以在第一二维光栅阵列的作用下发生角度偏转而进入第二二维光栅阵列，因此防止或抑制了光线的逸散损失。
在本实施例中，可选地，还可以如图12所示的第一二维光栅阵列来替代图1A和1B中所示的第一二维光栅阵列。
参见图12，第二二维光栅阵列122大体上为矩形，第一二维光栅阵列121的面向第二二维光栅阵列122的边包围至少一部分第二二维光栅阵列。在图12所示的第二二维光栅阵列中，与图9所示的蝴蝶结型设计类似，偏离中心的光线依然可在第一二维光栅阵列的作用下发生角度偏转而进入第二二维光栅阵列，因此防止或抑制了光线的逸散损失。
图13A和13B分别为按照本发明另一个实施例的用于呈现增强现实图像的装置的俯视图和立体图。示例性地，本实施例的用于呈现增强现实图像的装置可以采用眼镜的形式。
参见图13A和13B，本实施例的用于呈现增强现实图像的装置10包括光波导镜片110和设置于光波导镜片表面的第一二维光栅阵列121和第二二维光栅阵列122。与图1A和1B所示的实施例不同的是，在本实施例中，第一二维光栅阵列121所包含的两个一维光栅阵列121A、121B分别位于光波导镜片110的相对 的两个表面(图中的光波导镜片的上下表面)，其中一维光栅阵列121A、121B具有不同的取向。如图13A和13B所示，第二二维光栅阵列122位于相对的两个表面的其中一个(例如图中的光波导镜片的上表面)。
除了上述不同之处以外，本实施例可以采用图1A和1B所示实施例的各种特征。为避免赘述，以下主要描述与不同之处相关的方面。
参见图13B，来自图像源的光线入射到位于光波导镜片110上表面的一维光栅阵列121A，经该一维光栅阵列的衍射作用而形成衍射光线。这些耦入的衍射光线可在光波导镜片110的上下表面之间反射，从而沿水平方向(图中的X轴方向)对光线进行扩展。衍射光线在光波导镜片内传播时将多次到达一维光栅阵列121A，其中有部分衍射光线将形成反射式衍射并且同时改变方位角，从而向第二二维光栅阵列122传播。
另一方面，来自图像源的光线有一部分未经一维光栅阵列121A的衍射作用而到达位于下表面的一维光栅阵列121B，并经一维光栅阵列121B的衍射作用而形成衍射光线。这些衍射光线同样可在光波导镜片110的上下表面之间反射，从而沿水平方向(图中的X轴方向)对光线进行扩展，并且因改变方位角而向第二二维光栅阵列122传播。
通过为一维光栅阵列121A和121B选择合适的结构参数，可使这些衍射光线的衍射角满足光波导镜片的全反射条件，从而在光波导镜片内以全反射方式传播。
图14为图13A和13B所示的用于呈现增强现实图像的装置的剖面示意图，所示剖面位于图13B的X-Z平面内。图15为图13A和13B所示的用于呈现增强现实图像的装置的剖面示意图，所示剖面位于图13B的Y-Z平面内。
参见图14，来自图像源的光线到达一维光栅阵列121A。经 过一维光栅阵列121A的衍射作用而形成的衍射光线(图中以实线标示)。该衍射光线在光波导镜片110的上下表面之间发生多次反射，从而实现光线沿图14中的X轴方向的扩展。另一方面，一部分来自图像源的光线未经一维光栅阵列121A的衍射作用而到达一维光栅阵列121B，该部分光线经一维光栅阵列121B的衍射作用也形成衍射光线(图中以虚线标示)，该衍射光线也在光波导镜片110的上下表面之间发生多次反射，从而沿图14中的X轴方向扩展。
如图15所示，经一维光栅阵列121A、121B的作用而形成的衍射光线在光波导镜片110内传播时，在一维光栅阵列121A、121B的作用下，有一部分改变方位角。改变方位角的光线分量在光波导镜片110内经过多次反射而到达第二二维光栅阵列122。
由于在波导镜片110内实现了光线的双向传导，因而不仅可增大观察区域范围，而且也提高了显示效率。
继续参见图15，在第二二维光栅阵列122的作用下，有部分衍射光线形成透射式衍射并且同时改变方位角，从而沿图15中的Z轴方向出射或耦出光波导镜片110，由此向用户呈现增强现实的图像。
上文描述了本发明的原理和较佳实施例。然而，本发明不应被解释为限于所讨论的具体实施例。上述较佳实施例应该被认为是说明性的，而不是限制性的，并且应当理解的时，本领域的技术人员在不偏离下面的权利要求书所限定的本发明的范围的前提下，可以在这些实施例中作出变化。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种用于呈现增强现实图像的装置，其特征在于，包含：
    光波导镜片；以及
    位于所述光波导镜片表面的第一二维光栅阵列；
    位于所述光波导镜片表面的第二二维光栅阵列，
    其中，所述第一二维光栅阵列和所述第二二维光栅阵列在所述光波导镜片表面上的位置被设置为使二者的较大的边相对，
    其中，所述第一二维光栅阵列配置为使入射至所述第一二维光栅阵列的光线一方面扩展至整个所述第一二维光栅阵列，另一方面传播至所述第二二维光栅阵列，
    其中，所述第二二维光栅阵列配置为使传播至所述第二二维光栅阵列的光线一方面扩展至整个所述第二二维光栅阵列，另一方面从所述光波导镜片出射，
    其中，所述第一二维光栅阵列和所述第二二维光栅阵列具有相同的周期。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述第一二维光栅阵列配置为使从所述第一二维光栅阵列出射的光线在所述光波导镜片内以全反射方式传播至所述第二二维光栅阵列。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述第一二维光栅阵列的两个光栅取向的夹角被设置得足够大以避免在所述第二二维光栅阵列的中部形成高亮度区域。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的装置，其中，所述夹角在90°～160°之间。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述第二二维光栅阵列的光栅是变深度调制的。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述第一二维光栅阵列和所述第二二维光栅阵列的结构形貌为由下列种类构成的组 中的其中一种：圆柱形、圆锥形、方形和梯形。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述第一二维光栅阵列和所述第二二维光栅阵列大体上为矩形。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述第一二维光栅阵列的面向所述第二二维光栅阵列的边的中段与两端相比更为远离所述第二二维光栅阵列。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的装置，其中，所述第一二维光栅阵列的面向所述第二二维光栅阵列的边包围至少一部分所述第二二维光栅阵列。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述第一二维光栅阵列和所述第二二维光栅阵列直接形成于所述光波导镜片的表面。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述第一二维光栅阵列和所述第二二维光栅阵列借助中间层形成于所述光波导镜片的表面。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述第一二维光栅阵列和所述第二二维光栅阵列位于所述光波导镜片的同一表面。
  13. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述第一二维光栅阵列和所述第二二维光栅阵列位于所述光波导镜片的相对的两个表面。
  14. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述第一二维光栅阵列包含分别位于所述光波导镜片的相对的两个表面的一维光栅阵列，所述第二二维光栅阵列位于所述相对的两个表面的其中一个。
  15. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述第一二维光栅阵列和所述第二二维光栅阵列之间具有间距。
  16. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述第一二维光栅阵列和所述第二二维光栅阵列是紧邻在一起的。
  17. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述光波导镜片的端 面涂覆光吸收层。
  18. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述第一二维光栅阵列和所述第二二维光栅阵列的光栅周期为200nm-600nm。
  19. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述第一二维光栅阵列和所述第二二维光栅阵列的光栅深度为50nm-600nm。
  20. 一种用于实现增强现实显示的系统，其特征在于，包含：
    图像源，配置为提供包含图像信息的光线；以及
    如权利要求1-19中任意一项所述的用于呈现增强现实图像的装置。
PCT/CN2020/126117 2020-02-28 2020-11-03 用于呈现增强现实图像的装置和包含该装置的系统 WO2021169383A1 (zh)

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