WO2023124632A1 - 一种紧凑型半直驱永磁同步风力发电机 - Google Patents

一种紧凑型半直驱永磁同步风力发电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023124632A1
WO2023124632A1 PCT/CN2022/132916 CN2022132916W WO2023124632A1 WO 2023124632 A1 WO2023124632 A1 WO 2023124632A1 CN 2022132916 W CN2022132916 W CN 2022132916W WO 2023124632 A1 WO2023124632 A1 WO 2023124632A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
generator
junction box
rotor
permanent magnet
grounding
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2022/132916
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
段志强
米兴社
杨杰
陈记春
俞文斌
次元平
Original Assignee
西安中车永电捷力风能有限公司
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Application filed by 西安中车永电捷力风能有限公司 filed Critical 西安中车永电捷力风能有限公司
Publication of WO2023124632A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023124632A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/40—Structural association with grounding devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H02K5/203—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium specially adapted for liquids, e.g. cooling jackets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/22—Auxiliary parts of casings not covered by groups H02K5/06-H02K5/20, e.g. shaped to form connection boxes or terminal boxes
    • H02K5/225—Terminal boxes or connection arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/02—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine
    • H02K9/04—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of wind power generators, and relates to a semi-direct drive permanent magnet wind power generator, in particular to a compact semi direct drive permanent magnet synchronous wind power generator.
  • the technical route of wind power generation includes double-fed, squirrel cage, direct-drive permanent magnet and semi-direct-drive permanent magnet.
  • the volume and weight of direct drive generators become larger and larger, making their manufacture, installation, transportation and hoisting more and more difficult; and for wind turbines with high-speed gearboxes, the manufacturing of gearboxes is difficult Bigger and bigger, less reliable.
  • the semi-direct drive permanent magnet transmission technology overcomes the shortcomings of other technical routes.
  • the volume, weight and reliability of semi-direct drive units with the same power level are superior to other technical routes, and are more adaptable to the development of wind power.
  • the generator and the gearbox are two independent components, which are coupled together through a coupling.
  • This form of transmission chain has a large layout space, large front and rear chassis, and axial The length is long, the weight of the generator is large, and the cost is high.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art and provide a compact semi-direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous wind generator.
  • the weight of the generator is reduced and the power generation time is greatly shortened.
  • the axial size of the machine and the gearbox makes the overall transmission structure super compact, takes up less space, the transmission connection is more reasonable, and the cost of the whole machine is greatly reduced.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • This compact semi-direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous wind generator includes a base and a generator body installed on the base.
  • the inner wall of the base is distributed with a cooling water jacket for cooling the stator core, and the cooling water
  • the casing adopts a double-helix waterway structure;
  • the top of the base is provided with an air-water cooler for cooling the ends of the rotor and stator windings;
  • the stator of the generator body is provided with a redundant structure of double Y windings, and the double
  • the Y winding redundant structure includes two sets of mutually independent three-phase windings;
  • a plurality of rotor pole boxes are installed on the rotor of the generator body, and each of the rotor pole boxes is in a salient pole sector structure;
  • the rear end cover is integrated with a generator brake, strong/weak current auxiliary junction box, rear cover plate, air duct sealing ring, stator lead-out copper bar and strong current junction box.
  • the output shaft of the gearbox in the generator body is connected to the generator through an adapter plate, and the adapter plate is provided with oil and gas ventilation holes and a labyrinth structure to isolate the oil and gas generated by the lubricating oil when the gearbox is running.
  • the double helix waterway structure includes symmetrically distributed first helical pipelines and second helical pipelines, the water inlet ends of the first helical pipelines and the second helical pipelines are connected, and the water is supplied by the respective water inlets. After the spiral circulation, it flows out from the water outlet end of the first spiral pipeline and the water outlet end of the second spiral pipeline respectively.
  • a plurality of permanent magnets are embedded inside the rotor pole box, and permanent magnet reinforcement ribs are arranged between adjacent permanent magnets; the bottom of the rotor pole box is provided with a first connecting portion in the radial direction, and the rotor yoke is provided with A second connection part adapted to the first connection part.
  • the rear end cover is provided with a plurality of lightening holes along the circumference.
  • generator brakes are arranged symmetrically up and down along the radial direction on the rear end cover.
  • the rear cover is provided with a brake maintenance cover, a steel wire mesh, which is used to install the first interface of the speed sensor bracket, and is used to install the second interface of the grounding device.
  • grounding devices are symmetrically distributed on the rear cover, and the grounding devices are located at the rear end of the rotor transmission chain.
  • the grounding device includes a grounding carbon brush conductive plate, a grounding carbon brush and a grounding carbon brush braid, the grounding carbon brush conductive plate is fixedly connected to the rear cover through an insulator, and the grounding carbon brush is connected to the rotor transmission chain.
  • the inner ring of the grounding slip ring extending from the rear end is in close contact with the pressure spring; the grounding device also includes a separate grounding wire, which is used to safely lead out the shaft current generated on the rotor drive chain to the rear end cover.
  • the strong current junction box includes a first junction box, a second junction box, a third junction box and a junction box cover plate, the first junction box is installed at the position where the copper bar is drawn out from the stator of the rear end cover, and the third junction box Located on the right side of the first junction box, the second junction box is located on the left side of the third junction box and the first junction box, the junction box cover is located on the left side of the second junction box; Behind the junction box cover, it is fixed by two sets of cable fixing splints arranged in the axial direction.
  • the shell material of the strong current junction box is made of low-temperature resistant steel plate, and the protection level reaches IP54.
  • the technical solution provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the semi-direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous wind generator adopts a double-three-phase, outer stator, and inner rotor structure, and the bearing part of the generator is integrated into the gear On the box, the high-speed end cover of the gearbox is integrated with the rear end cover of the generator. While reducing the weight of the generator, the axial size of the generator and the gearbox can be greatly shortened, making the overall transmission structure compact and occupying less space.
  • the stator cooling system of the generator adopts a double-helix water jacket structure, which takes away the heat of the stator through circulating coolant; and an air-water cooler is installed on the top of the generator to cool the motor rotor and the end of the stator winding.
  • the rotor poles adopt a pole box structure, and the permanent magnets are assembled first and then magnetized, which can effectively improve its manufacturing and assembly efficiency.
  • the stator winding is connected to the grid through a full power converter
  • the rotor pole is a permanent magnet structure
  • the rotation of the impeller drives the rotor to rotate
  • the rotation of the rotor cuts the stator winding to generate an electromotive force, thereby turning the blade
  • the transmitted mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy whose frequency and voltage change with the change of wind speed.
  • the voltage is boosted and incorporated into the grid, thereby realizing the conversion of wind energy and electrical energy.
  • Fig. 1 is the integrated design diagram of the cooling water jacket of the machine base provided by the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the structural diagram of the double-helix cooling water jacket provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the integrated design of the machine base cooling water jacket provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the cooling air path inside the generator provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the rotor pole box provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the magnetic pole box provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the rear end cap provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is an integrated schematic diagram of the rear end cap provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a position distribution diagram of the generator grounding device provided by the present invention on the rear cover;
  • Fig. 10 is a design drawing of axis current and axis voltage suppression provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic structural view of the rear cover provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is an integrated schematic diagram of the rear cover provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the integrated design of the strong current junction box provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 14 is the front view of Fig. 13;
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the oil and gas isolation design of the generator and the gearbox lubricating oil provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 16 is a structural schematic diagram of a compact semi-direct drive permanent magnet synchronous wind power generator provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 17 is a side view of Fig. 16 with the terminal box and gear box end cover removed;
  • Fig. 18 is a rear view of the compact semi-direct drive permanent magnet synchronous wind generator provided by the present invention.
  • Machine base 2. Cooling water jacket; 3. Air water cooler; 4. Rotor pole box; 5. Permanent magnet; 6. First connection part; 7. Lightening hole; 8. Rear end cover; 9. Generator brake; 10. Strong current auxiliary junction box; 11. Weak current auxiliary junction box; 12. Brake disc; 13.
  • Rotor bracket grounding device; 17, grounding carbon brush conductive plate; 18, grounding carbon brush; 19, insulator; 20, rotor drive chain; 21, grounding slip ring; 22, grounding wire; 23, grounding carbon brush braid; 24, brake Maintenance cover plate; 25, steel wire mesh; 26, main frame; 27, brake oil inlet pipe sheath; 28, first interface; 29, second interface; 30, speed sensor bracket; 31, grounding slip ring bracket; 32, the second 1 junction box; 33, the second junction box; 34, the third junction box; 35, the cable fixing splint; 36, the junction box cover; 37, the rotor; Box output shaft; 41. Labyrinth structure; 42. Integrated strong current junction box; 43. Rotor assembly; 44. Iron core coil assembly; 45. Ground slip ring support ring.
  • the present invention provides a compact semi-direct drive permanent magnet synchronous wind generator, including a base 1 and a generator body installed on the base 1, the base 1
  • the inner wall is distributed with a cooling water jacket 2 for cooling the stator core, and the cooling water jacket 2 adopts a double-helix waterway structure;
  • the top of the base 1 is provided with an air-water cooler 3 for cooling the rotor 37 and the end of the stator winding
  • the stator of the generator body is provided with a double Y winding redundant structure, and the double Y winding redundant structure includes two sets of mutually independent three-phase windings;
  • the rotor 37 of the generator body is equipped with a plurality of rotor poles box 4, each of the rotor magnetic pole boxes 4 has a salient pole fan-shaped structure;
  • the rear end cover 8 of the generator body is integrated with a generator brake 9, a strong current auxiliary junction box 10, a weak current auxiliary junction box 11, and a rear cover Plate 15, air duct sealing ring, stator lead
  • the double helix waterway structure includes symmetrically distributed first helical pipelines and second helical pipelines, the water inlet ends of the first helical pipelines and the second helical pipelines are connected, and the water is supplied by the respective water inlets. After the spiral circulation, it flows out from the water outlet end of the first spiral pipeline and the water outlet end of the second spiral pipeline respectively.
  • a plurality of permanent magnets 5 are embedded inside the rotor pole box 4, and permanent magnet reinforcing ribs are arranged between adjacent permanent magnets 5; the bottom of the rotor pole box 4 is provided with a first connecting portion 6 along the radial direction, and the A second connecting portion matching the first connecting portion 6 is provided on the rotor yoke.
  • the rear end cover 8 is provided with a plurality of lightening holes 7 along the circumferential direction.
  • generator brakes 9 are arranged on the rear end cover 8 along the radial direction and symmetrically up and down.
  • the rear cover 15 is provided with a brake maintenance cover 24 and a steel wire mesh 25 for installing the first interface 28 of the speed sensor bracket 30 and for installing the second interface 29 of the grounding device 16 .
  • grounding devices 16 are symmetrically distributed on the rear cover 15 , and the grounding devices 16 are located at the rear end of the rotor transmission chain 20 .
  • the grounding device 16 includes a grounding carbon brush conductive plate 17, a grounding carbon brush 18, and a grounding carbon brush braid 23, and the grounding carbon brush conductive plate 17 is fixedly connected to the rear cover plate 15 through an insulator 19.
  • the grounding carbon brush 18 is in close contact with the inner ring of the grounding slip ring 21 extending from the rear end of the rotor drive chain 20 through a compression spring; The electric current is safely drawn out to the rear end cover 8 .
  • the strong current junction box includes a first junction box 32, a second junction box 33, a third junction box 34 and a junction box cover plate 36
  • the first junction box 32 is installed on the rear end cover 8 and the stator leads the copper bars position
  • the third junction box 34 is located on the right side of the first junction box 32
  • the second junction box 33 is located on the left side of the third junction box 34 and the first junction box 32
  • the junction box cover 36 is located on the second On the left side of the junction box 33 ; after the stator lead-out cable passes through the junction box cover plate 36 , it is fixed by two sets of cable fixing splints 35 arranged along the axial direction.
  • the shell material of the strong current junction box is made of low-temperature resistant steel plate, and the protection level reaches IP54.
  • the compact semi-direct drive permanent magnet synchronous wind power generator provided by the present invention, through the integrated, intelligent and compact design, reduces the weight of the generator and greatly shortens the axial dimension of the generator and the gearbox, making the
  • the overall transmission structure is super compact, takes up less space, the transmission connection is more reasonable, and the cost of the whole machine is greatly reduced. It is specifically realized through the following structural design:
  • the stator of the generator is equipped with a redundant structure of double Y windings.
  • the generator adopts a double three-phase structure design with 37 outer stators and inner rotors; the connection mode of double Y windings is adopted. When one set of windings fails, the other set of windings of the generator can be Running alone can improve the operating capability under generator failure.
  • machine base 1 is a reel-type all-steel welded structure, and the inner cavity of machine base 1 and stator core cooling water jacket 2 are integrated in an integrated design.
  • the internal waterway of the casing adopts an optimized double helix structure, the waterway adopts two middle water inlets, and the water is discharged from both ends after the spiral circulation, which increases the heat dissipation area by about 10% compared with the traditional structure, and optimizes the temperature distribution gradient by 40%, effectively avoiding local overheating of the stator winding; It can greatly reduce the outer diameter of the generator, making the whole generator super compact, greatly reducing the weight of the whole machine, and effectively solving the cooling and heat dissipation problems of the motor.
  • the air-water cooler 3 is installed on the top of the generator to cool the motor rotor 37 and the end of the stator winding.
  • the outgoing hot air enters the air-water cooler 3, and the cooled cool air directly enters the hottest part inside the generator.
  • the rotor pole box 4 is designed with a modular and split pole compression structure: see Figure 5-6, the modular pole box structure is adopted, and the permanent magnet 5 is assembled first and then magnetized, which effectively improves the manufacturing and assembly efficiency;
  • the split magnetic pole pressure plate is pressed tightly, and the inner ring of the pressure plate is fixed on the rotor bracket 13 through the seam, which improves the assembly efficiency.
  • Each grounding device 16 is equipped with a separate grounding wire 22 to connect the shaft generated on the generator rotor drive chain 20
  • the current is safely led out to the rear end cover 8, and an equipotential cable is installed between the rear end cover 8 and the generator base 1, and the base 1 and the engine room are reliably grounded, so that the shaft current generated by the generator is safely introduced into the ground terminal .
  • the stator junction box serves as a bridge connecting the internal electrical components of the motor with the external lines. Dust, rainproof, and according to the different use occasions and dimensions of the motor, it is necessary to consider the highly integrated structural design, installation and operation space, and easy disassembly. Therefore, it is required that the internal electrical components must have sufficient safety distances and meet the corresponding voltage levels. The required safe electrical clearance and creepage distance, and the protection level of the enclosure must also meet the on-site operating conditions, and it must be convenient for disassembly and maintenance. The structural layout of each electrical component is reasonable, highly integrated, and compact.
  • the stator high-voltage junction box is divided into four parts for design-the first junction box 32, the second junction box 33, the third junction box 34 and the junction box cover 36, which are connected together by bolts to generate electricity
  • two sets of stator lead-out cables are firmly fixed by arranging two sets of cable fixing splints 35 along the axial direction.
  • the overall structure is compact and not cumbersome.
  • the junction box shell is made of low temperature resistant Steel plate, the protection level reaches IP54, which meets the requirements for use in cold and harsh environments.
  • 10Low torque ripple design By optimizing the size of the air gap, the size ratio of the minimum air gap to the maximum air gap, the slot size, the pole arc coefficient, the chute, etc., to reduce the torque ripple of the motor.
  • Size optimization of the permanent magnet 5 By optimizing the size of the permanent magnet 5, the stability of the permanent magnet 5 can be ensured when the motor is short-circuited while meeting the requirements of the air gap flux density.
  • the compact semi-direct drive permanent magnet synchronous wind power generator provided by the present invention, see Fig. 16-18, frame 1, the inner wall of frame 1 is installed with double helix water jacket and iron core coil through interference fit and welding Assembly 44 and rotor assembly 43 consisting of rotor bracket 13, magnetic pole box assembly and rotor accessories, highly integrated rear end cover 8, skeleton rear cover 15, integrated strong current junction box 42, air-water cooler 3 and other assembly accessories.
  • the whole machine components including rotor assembly 43, stator assembly, rear end cover 8, brake disc 12, generator brake 9, ground slip ring support ring 45 and ground slip ring 21 adopt vertical assembly.
  • Rotor 37 assembly includes rotor bracket 13, magnetic pole box assembly and other rotor accessories. It adopts modular and split magnetic pole compression structure design, adopts modular magnetic pole box structure, and permanent magnet 5 is assembled first and then magnetized, which effectively improves manufacturing and assembly. Efficiency: Each magnetic pole is compressed by a split magnetic pole pressure plate, and the inner ring of the pressure plate is fixed on the rotor bracket 13 through the seam to improve assembly efficiency. After the entire rotor 37 is assembled, the bolt M24x55 and the lock washer ⁇ 24 are connected to the adapter plate 39 Assembled together, the whole is connected with the output shaft system of the front end cover of the gearbox through "slip fit + bolt fastening".
  • the inner cavity of machine base 1 is equipped with a formed stator winding.
  • the core coil assembly 44 is subjected to vacuum pressure dipping, rotary baking, and water immersion test.
  • When assembling the suit take the inner circle of the transfer disc 39 as the guide reference, and the exhaust threaded hole on the transfer disc 39 is a fixed point, and the guide shaft is installed.
  • the sleeve sleeve is installed on the side spigot of the stator assembly line, and the guiding accuracy of the stator assembly is ensured through the guiding effect between the sleeve sleeve and the guide shaft.
  • the stator assembly and the gearbox spigot are assisted in alignment by guide rods.
  • Copper gap pads are placed between the stator and rotor to ensure the air gap and reduce the risk of adsorption. Use vertical tooling to position the stator when it is assembled to avoid wrong holes.
  • the two ends of machine base 1 are respectively fixed on the front end cover shared with the gearbox and the rear end cover 8 with chamfered flat washers ⁇ 24, bolts M24x110 and bolts M24x55.
  • Two sets of TRB bearings are installed on the front cover shared with the gearbox. The entire stator assembly and The rear end cover 8 cantilever installation. ,
  • the role of the brake disc 12 is to cooperate with the entire unit to brake the generator when it needs to stop in an emergency.
  • adjust the brake with plug gauges The distance between the lower half brake and the brake disc 12 is strictly controlled at 3 ⁇ 0.5mm, and the distance can be adjusted by installing an adjusting gasket between the brake and the rear end cover 8, and finally the upper half brake of the brake is installed, and the upper half brake needs to be tested in the same way
  • the rear end cover 8 is highly integrated design, through the highly integrated design of generator brake 9, strong current junction box, auxiliary junction box, rear cover plate 15, air duct sealing ring and other key generator components on the rear end cover 8,
  • the stator lead-out copper bar is led out through the outlet window designed by the rear end cover 8, which not only plays the role of support, protection, fixation and sealing, but also is designed as a skeleton welding structure under the premise of satisfying its own strength, so as to minimize the weight of the parts themselves , greatly reducing the occupied space and axial space size of the generator parts, and the overall layout of the generator structure is more compact and more beautiful.
  • the integrated rear cover 15 adopts a "skeleton" welding structure, the main frame 26 is welded and formed by channel steel, and the window is spot-welded on the main frame 26 with a steel wire mesh 25.
  • the "weight reduction design” ensures the strength of the parts themselves. Based on this, the weight of the components themselves is minimized.
  • "Highly integrated design” is to integrate four sets of grounding devices 16 of the generator, four sets of speed sensor brackets 30, user slip ring brackets and slip rings, brake maintenance cover 24, brake oil inlet pipe, etc. on the rear cover 15. User maintenance Or when replacing the generator brake 9, you only need to remove the cover plates at 6 o’clock and 12 o’clock and you can work normally.
  • grounding devices 16 are designed at the rear end (end) of the generator rotor drive chain 20: the grounding carbon brush conductive plate 17 and the rear cover plate 15 are fixedly connected through an insulator 19 to ensure that the grounding device 16 is disconnected from the rear end cover 8.
  • the grounding carbon brush 18 is in close contact with the inner ring of the grounding slip ring 21 extending from the end of the rotor drive chain 20 through a compression spring.
  • each grounding device 16 is equipped with a separate grounding wire 22, which safely leads the shaft current generated on the generator rotor drive chain 20 to the rear end cover 8, and the rear end cover 8 is connected to the power generation
  • An equipotential cable is installed between the base 1 of the generator, and the base 1 and the cabin of the unit are reliably grounded, so that the shaft current generated by the generator is safely introduced into the ground terminal.
  • the external air-water cooler 3 is firmly fixed on the top of the generator base 1 by bolts M12x30, spring washers ⁇ 12, and flat washers ⁇ 12 to cool the motor rotor 37 and the end of the stator winding.
  • the hot air flowing out from inside the generator enters the air-water cooler 3, and the cool wind after cooling directly enters the hottest part inside the generator.
  • the integrated stator junction box is an important part of the generator structure. According to the requirements of the generator cable direction, the stator high-voltage junction box is divided into four parts for design-the first junction box 32, the second junction box 33, and the third junction box.
  • the box 34 and the junction box cover 36 are connected together by bolts. After the generator stator lead-out cables pass through the junction box cover 36, two sets of cable fixing splints 35 are arranged along the axial direction to firmly fix the two sets of stator lead-out cables.
  • the overall structure is compact and not cumbersome, the material of the junction box shell is made of low-temperature resistant steel plate, and the protection level reaches IP54, which meets the requirements of low-cold and harsh environments.
  • the compact semi-direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous wind power generator provided by the present invention aims at the market demand of "grid parity” and takes the "30.60 carbon neutral target” as a guide to carry out the research on the key technology of compact and integrated design of the generator , in line with the development direction of the wind power market, and can effectively drive the coordinated development of the entire system industry chain, which is of great significance to the coordinated research and development of the wind power industry, and will generate considerable economic benefits.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)

Abstract

本发明属于风力发电机技术领域，涉及一种紧凑型半直驱永磁同步风力发电机，该电机采用双三相，外定子、内转子的结构，将发电机的轴承部分集成到齿轮箱上，使齿轮箱高速端端盖与发电机后端盖集成为一体，在减少发电机重量的同时，可大大缩短发电机与齿轮箱轴向尺寸，使得整体传动结构紧凑，占用空间缩小。同时，发电机定子冷却系统采用双螺旋水套结构，通过循环冷却液带走定子热量；且发电机顶部外置空水冷却器，实现对电机转子和定子绕组端部进行冷却。此外，转子磁极采用磁极盒结构，永磁体先装配后充磁，可有效提升其制造及装配效率。

Description

一种紧凑型半直驱永磁同步风力发电机 技术领域
本发明属于风力发电机技术领域，涉及半直驱永磁风力发电机，具体涉及一种紧凑型半直驱永磁同步风力发电机。
背景技术
随着风力发电技术的发展，机组单机功率越来越大，成本与可靠性面临前所未有的挑战。相比标杆电价时代，各个主机厂商都在深挖每一个细节，依托管理和技术降本，降低风力发电机度电成本。为了适应风电行业的降本增效需求，对现有技术路线结构进行优化，开发高度集成紧凑型风力发电机，对我国风电行业提高国际竞争力，探索全新领域技术，降低产品成本，实现高质量发展具有重大的意义。
目前，风力发电技术路线包括双馈、鼠笼、直驱永磁及半直驱永磁。随着单机功率逐渐加大，直驱发电机体积和重量越来越大，其制造、安装、运输及吊装难度越来越大；且对于带有高速齿轮箱的风电机组，齿轮箱的制造难度越来越大，可靠性越来越低。半直驱永磁传动技术克服了其它技术路线的缺点，同等功率等级的半直驱机组，体积、重量及可靠性优于其它技术路线，更能适应风电的发展。然而，现有的半直驱永磁传动技术，发电机与齿轮箱为独立的两个组件，通过联轴器耦合在一起，该形式传动链布局空间大，前、后底盘较大，轴向长度长，发电机重量大，成本高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的缺点，提供一种紧凑型半直驱永磁同步风力发电机，通过集成化、智能化、紧凑化设计，减少发电机重量的同时，大大缩短了发电机与齿轮箱的轴向尺寸，使整体传动结构超级紧凑，占用空间更小，传动连接更为合理，整机成本大幅降低。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下技术方案：
这种紧凑型半直驱永磁同步风力发电机，包括机座和安装于所述机座上的发电机本体，所述机座的内壁分布有用以冷却定子铁心的冷却水套，且冷却水套采用双螺旋水路结构；所述机座的顶部设置有用于对转子和定子绕组端部进行冷却的空水冷却器；所述发电机本体的定子设置有双Y绕组冗余结构，所述双Y绕组冗余结构包括两套相互独立的三相绕组；所述发电机本体的转子上安装有多个转子磁极盒，每个所述转子磁极盒呈凸极扇形结构；所述发电机本体的后端盖上集成有发电机制动器、强/弱电辅助接线盒、后盖板、风道密封环、定子引出铜排和强电接线盒，所述后盖板上设置有相串联的四个接地装置；所述发电机本体中齿轮箱输出轴与发电机通过转接盘连接，所述转接盘上设置有油气透气孔及迷宫结构，用以隔离齿轮箱运转时润滑油产生的油气。
进一步，所述双螺旋水路结构包括对称分布的第一螺旋管路和第二 螺旋管路，所述第一螺旋管路和第二螺旋管路的进水端相连通，水由各自的进水端进入、螺旋循环后分别从第一螺旋管路的出水端、第二螺旋管路的出水端流出。
进一步，所述转子磁极盒的内部嵌入多个永磁体，相邻永磁体之间设置永磁体加强筋；所述转子磁极盒的底部沿径向开设第一连接部，所述转子轭上开设有与第一连接部相适配的第二连接部。
进一步，所述后端盖沿周向开设有多个减重孔。
进一步，所述后端盖上沿径向方向、上下对称设置有发电机制动器。
进一步，所述后盖板上设置有制动器维护盖板，钢丝网，用以安装测速传感器支架的第一接口，用以安装接地装置的第二接口。
进一步，四个所述接地装置对称分布在后盖板上，所述接地装置位于转子传动链的后端。
进一步，所述接地装置包括接地碳刷导电板、接地碳刷及接地碳刷刷辫，所述接地碳刷导电板与后盖板之间通过绝缘子固定连接，所述接地碳刷与转子传动链后端延伸出来的接地滑环内环通过压簧密切接触；所述接地装置还包括单独的接地线，用以将转子传动链上产生的轴电流安全引出到后端盖。
进一步，所述强电接线盒包括第一接线盒、第二接线盒、第三接线盒和接线盒盖板，所述第一接线盒安装于后端盖定子引出铜排位置，第三接线盒位于第一接线盒的右侧，所述第二接线盒位于第三接线盒及第一接线盒的左侧，所述接线盒盖板位于第二接线盒的左侧；定子引出线电缆穿出所述接线盒盖板后，通过沿轴向布置的两组电缆固定夹板固定。
进一步，所述强电接线盒的外壳材质均选用耐低温型钢板，防护等级达到IP54。
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的技术方案具有以下有益效果：该半直驱永磁同步风力发电机采用双三相，外定子、内转子的结构，将发电机的轴承部分集成到齿轮箱上，使齿轮箱高速端端盖与发电机后端盖集成为一体，在减少发电机重量的同时，可大大缩短发电机与齿轮箱轴向尺寸，使得整体传动结构紧凑，占用空间缩小。同时，发电机定子冷却系统采用双螺旋水套结构，通过循环冷却液带走定子热量；且发电机顶部外置空水冷却器，实现对电机转子和定子绕组端部进行冷却。此外，转子磁极采用磁极盒结构，永磁体先装配后充磁，可有效提升其制造及装配效率。
因此，这种半直驱永磁同步风力发电机，定子绕组通过全功率变流器与电网连接，转子磁极为永磁体结构，叶轮旋转带动转子旋转，转子旋转切割定子绕组产生电动势，从而将叶片传递的机械能转换为频率和电压随风速变化而变化的电能，变流器将频率和电压转换为与电网同步的电能后，升压并入电网，从而实现风能与电能的转化。
附图说明
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，与说明书一起用于解释本发明的原理。
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，对于本领域普通技术人员而言，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明提供的机座冷却水套集成化设计图；
图2为本发明提供的双螺旋冷却水套的结构图；
图3为本发明提供的机座冷却水套集成化设计剖面图；
图4为本发明提供的发电机内部的冷却风路示意图；
图5为本发明提供的转子磁极盒的结构示意图；
图6为本发明提供的磁极盒装配示意图；
图7为本发明提供的后端盖的结构示意图；
图8为本发明提供的后端盖的集成示意图；
图9为本发明提供的发电机接地装置位于后盖板上的位置分布图；
图10为本发明提供的轴电流、轴电压抑制设计图；
图11为本发明提供的后盖板的结构示意图；
图12为本发明提供的后盖板的集成示意图；
图13为本发明提供的强电接线盒集成化设计示意图；
图14为图13的主视图；
图15为本发明提供的发电机与齿轮箱润滑油油气隔离设计示意图；
图16为本发明提供的紧凑型半直驱永磁同步风力发电机的结构示意图；
图17为图16去掉接线盒、齿轮箱端盖的侧视图；
图18为本发明提供的紧凑型半直驱永磁同步风力发电机的后视图。
其中：1、机座；2、冷却水套；3、空水冷却器；4、转子磁极盒；5、永磁体；6、第一连接部；7、减重孔；8、后端盖；9、发电机制动器；10、强电辅助接线盒；11、弱电辅助接线盒；12、刹车盘；13、转子支架；14、定子引出铜排和强电接线盒；15、后盖板；16、接地装置；17、接地碳刷导电板；18、接地碳刷；19、绝缘子；20、转子传动链；21、接地滑环；22、接地线；23、接地碳刷刷辫；24、制动器维护盖板；25、钢丝网；26、主体框架；27、制动器进油管护套；28、第一接口；29、第二接口；30、测速传感器支架；31、接地滑环支架；32、第一接线盒；33、第二接线盒；34、第三接线盒；35、电缆固定夹板；36、接线盒盖板；37、转子；38、油气透气孔；39、转接盘；40、齿轮箱输出轴；41、迷宫结构；42、集成化强电接线盒；43、转子装配；44、铁心线圈装配；45、接地滑环支撑环。
具体实施方式
这里将详细地对示例性实施例进行说明，其示例表示在附图中。下 面的描述涉及附图时，除非另有表示，不同附图中的相同数字表示相同或相似的要素。以下示例性实施例中所描述的实施方式并不代表与本发明相一致的所有实施方式。相反，它们仅是与所附权利要求书中所详述的、本发明的一些方面相一致的装置的例子。
为了使本领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
实施例1
参见图1-15所示，本发明提供了一种紧凑型半直驱永磁同步风力发电机，包括机座1和安装于所述机座1上的发电机本体，所述机座1的内壁分布有用以冷却定子铁心的冷却水套2，且冷却水套2采用双螺旋水路结构；所述机座1的顶部设置有用于对转子37和定子绕组端部进行冷却的空水冷却器3；所述发电机本体的定子设置有双Y绕组冗余结构，所述双Y绕组冗余结构包括两套相互独立的三相绕组；所述发电机本体的转子37上安装有多个转子磁极盒4，每个所述转子磁极盒4呈凸极扇形结构；所述发电机本体的后端盖8上集成有发电机制动器9、强电辅助接线盒10、弱电辅助接线盒11、后盖板15、风道密封环、定子引出铜排和强电接线盒14，所述后盖板15上设置有相串联的四个接地装置16；所述发电机本体中齿轮箱输出轴40与发电机通过转接盘39连接，所述转接盘39上设置有油气透气孔38及迷宫结构41，用以隔离齿轮箱运转时润滑油产生的油气。
进一步，所述双螺旋水路结构包括对称分布的第一螺旋管路和第二螺旋管路，所述第一螺旋管路和第二螺旋管路的进水端相连通，水由各自的进水端进入、螺旋循环后分别从第一螺旋管路的出水端、第二螺旋管路的出水端流出。
进一步，所述转子磁极盒4的内部嵌入多个永磁体5，相邻永磁体5之间设置永磁体加强筋；所述转子磁极盒4的底部沿径向开设第一连接部6，所述转子轭上开设有与第一连接部6相适配的第二连接部。
进一步，所述后端盖8沿周向开设有多个减重孔7。
进一步，所述后端盖8上沿径向方向、上下对称设置有发电机制动器9。
进一步，所述后盖板15上设置有制动器维护盖板24，钢丝网25，用以安装测速传感器支架30的第一接口28，用以安装接地装置16的第二接口29。
进一步，四个所述接地装置16对称分布在后盖板15上，所述接地装置16位于转子传动链20的后端。
进一步，所述接地装置16包括接地碳刷导电板17、接地碳刷18及接地碳刷刷辫23，所述接地碳刷导电板17与后盖板15之间通过绝缘子19固定连接，所述接地碳刷18与转子传动链20后端延伸出来的接地滑环21内环通过压簧密切接触；所述接地装置16还包括单独的接地线22， 用以将转子传动链20上产生的轴电流安全引出到后端盖8。
进一步，所述强电接线盒包括第一接线盒32、第二接线盒33、第三接线盒34和接线盒盖板36，所述第一接线盒32安装于后端盖8定子引出铜排位置，第三接线盒34位于第一接线盒32的右侧，所述第二接线盒33位于第三接线盒34及第一接线盒32的左侧，所述接线盒盖板36位于第二接线盒33的左侧；定子引出线电缆穿出所述接线盒盖板36后，通过沿轴向布置的两组电缆固定夹板35固定。
进一步，所述强电接线盒的外壳材质均选用耐低温型钢板，防护等级达到IP54。
本发明提供的这种紧凑型半直驱永磁同步风力发电机，通过集成化、智能化、紧凑化设计，减少发电机重量的同时，大大缩短了发电机与齿轮箱的轴向尺寸，使整体传动结构超级紧凑，占用空间更小，传动连接更为合理，整机成本大幅降低。其具体通过如下结构设计来实现：
①发电机定子设置双Y绕组冗余结构，发电机采用双三相，外定子、内转子37的结构设计；采用双Y绕组连接方式，当一套绕组故障时，发电机另外一套绕组可单独运行，可提升发电机故障下的运行能力。
②机座1与冷却水套2集成化设计：参见图1-3，机座1为卷筒式全钢板焊接结构，机座1内腔与定子铁心冷却水套2集成化设计为一体，水套内部水路采用优化双螺旋结构，水路采用中间两路进水，螺旋循环后分别从两端出水，较传统结构散热面积增加约10％，温度分布梯度优化40％，有效避免定子绕组局部过热；可大大减小发电机外径尺寸，使得整个发电机超级紧凑，整机重量大大减轻，并有效解决了电机的冷却、散热问题。
③整体采用独立的密封冷却风路设计：参见图4，发电机顶部外置空水冷却器3，对电机转子37和定子绕组端部进行冷却，通过设计低风阻导风部件，从发电机内部流出的热风进入空水冷却器3，冷却后的凉风直接输入发电机内部最热部位。
④转子磁极盒4采用模块化和分体式磁极压紧结构设计：参见图5-6，采用模块化磁极盒结构，永磁体5先装配后充磁，有效提升制造及装配效率；每档磁极通过分体式磁极压板压紧，压板内圈通过止口固定在转子支架13上，提升装配效率。
⑤集成化后端盖8设计：参见图7-8，通过将发电机制动器9、强电接线盒、辅助接线盒、后盖板15、风道密封环等发电机关键零部件高度集成设计到后端盖8上，定子引出铜排通过后端盖8设计的出线窗口引出，不仅起到支撑、防护、固定和密封等作用，同时在满足自身强度前提下，设计成骨架式焊接结构，最大限度减少零部件自身重量，大大减少发电机零部件的占用空间和轴向空间尺寸，发电机结构整体布局更紧凑、更美观。
⑥轴电流、轴电压抑制设计：参见图9-10，为抑制发电机运行时转 子传动链20上产生的轴电流、轴电压，在发电机转子传动链20后端(末端)设计有四个接地装置16；其中接地碳刷导电板17与后盖板15之间通过绝缘子19固定连接，保证接地装置16与后端盖8之间的导电断开，接地碳刷18与转子传动链20末端延伸出来的接地滑环21内环通过压簧密切接触，保证碳刷与接地滑环21内经接触良好，每个接地装置16配备单独的接地线22，将发电机转子传动链20上产生的轴电流安全引出到后端盖8，后端盖8与发电机机座1之间安装有等电位线缆，机座1与机组机舱又可靠接地，进而将发电机产生的轴电流安全引入接地端。
⑦后盖板15的集成设计：参见图11-12，后盖板15采用“骨架式”焊接结构，主体框架26采用槽钢进行焊接成型，窗口处采用钢丝网25点焊在主体框架26上，“减重设计”在保证零部件本身强度的基础上，最大限度的减少零部件本身重量。“高度集成设计”是将发电机四组接地装置16、四组测速传感器支架30、用户滑环支架及滑环、制动器维护盖板24、制动器进油管等集成在后盖板15上，用户维护或更换发电机制动器9时，只需将6点钟和12点钟盖板拆除即可正常作业，6点钟制动器盖板设有进油管防护护套，避免进油管与盖板剐蹭。整个发电机后端零部件布局紧凑而不杂乱无章，零部件走线布置直观而不失大雅。
⑧强电接线盒集成化设计：参见图13-14，定子接线盒作为发电机结构中的一个重要组成部分，作为电机内部电气元器件与外部线路联接的桥梁，最基本要求是防触电、防尘、防雨水，另根据电机不同使用场合及外形尺寸，需要考虑结构设计高度集成化、安装操作空间及拆解方便，因此要求其内部电气元件布置既要有足够的安全距离，满足相应电压等级所需的安全电气间隙和爬电距离，其外壳防护等级也要满足现场运行工况，更要方便拆解检修，各电气元器件结构布局合理、高度集成化，并且结构紧凑。根据发电机电缆走向需求，将定子强电接线盒分为四部分设计-第一接线盒32、第二接线盒33、第三接线盒34和接线盒盖板36，通过螺栓连接在一起，发电机定子引出电缆穿出接线盒盖板36后，又通过沿轴向布置两组电缆固定夹板35牢牢固定两套定子引出电缆，整体结构紧凑而又不繁琐，接线盒外壳材质选用耐低温型钢板，防护等级达到IP54，满足低寒恶劣环境使用要求。
⑨发电机与齿轮箱润滑油油气隔离设计：参见图15所示，发电机与齿轮箱输出轴40通过转接盘39连接，转接盘39与齿轮箱输出轴40之间设计有迷宫结构41和油气透气孔38，通过这两种结构可以完全隔离齿轮箱运转时润滑油产生的油气，使其不会进到发电机内部对发电机绝缘造成破坏。
⑩低转矩脉动设计：通过优化气隙尺寸、最小气隙和最大气隙尺寸比、槽型尺寸、极弧系数、斜槽等，以降低电机转矩脉动。永磁体5尺寸优化：通过优化永磁体5尺寸，在满足气隙磁密要求的同时，可保证电机短路故障时的永磁体5的稳定性。
实施例2
本发明提供的这种紧凑型半直驱永磁同步风力发电机，参见图16-18，机座1，机座1的内壁通过过盈配合与焊接的方式安装有双螺旋水套、铁心线圈装配44和含有转子支架13、磁极盒装配及转子附件组成的转子装配43，高度集成化设计的后端盖8，骨架式后盖板15，集成化强电接线盒42、空水冷却器3和其它总装附件构成。整机部件(包含转子装配43、定子装配、后端盖8、刹车盘12、发电机制动器9、接地滑环支撑环45和接地滑环21采用立式装配。
转子37装配包括转子支架13、磁极盒装配及其它转子附件，采用模块化和分体式磁极压紧结构设计，采用模块化磁极盒结构，永磁体5先装配后充磁，有效提升制造及装配效率；每档磁极通过分体式磁极压板压紧，压板内圈通过止口固定在转子支架13上，提升装配效率，整个转子37装配完成后，通过螺栓M24x55和防松垫圈φ24与转接盘39装配为一起，整体再与齿轮箱共用前端盖输出轴系通过“止口配合+螺栓紧固”方式连接在一起。转接盘39与齿轮箱输出轴40之间设计有迷宫结构41和油气透气孔38，通过两种方式，可以完全隔离齿轮箱运转时润滑油产生的油气，使其不会进到发电机内部对发电机绝缘造成破坏。
机座1内腔内设有成型定子绕组即将铁心线圈装配44进行真空压力浸漆、旋转烘焙、浸水试验后热套于机座1，进而形成定子装配；定子装配需通过专用工装套装，即定子装配套装时以转接盘39内圆为导向基准，转接盘39上排气螺纹孔为固定点，安装导向轴。定子装配联线侧止口安装套装滑套，通过套装滑套与导向轴之间的导正作用保证定子装配的导向精度。定子装配与齿轮箱止口通过导向棒辅助导正。定转子之间垫放铜制间隙垫条，以保证气隙、降低两者吸附风险。使用垂线工装对定子装配在套装时进行定位，避免出现错孔。机座1两端分别用倒角平垫圈φ24、螺栓M24x110和螺栓M24x55固定于与齿轮箱共用前端盖、后端盖8上，两组TRB轴承安装于与齿轮箱共用前端盖，整个定子装配及后端盖8悬臂安装。、
刹车盘12作用是配合整个机组遇到紧急情况需要急停时对发电机进行刹车制动，首先安装制动器下半闸，再将刹车盘12安装在转子支架13上，此时通过塞规调整制动器下半闸与刹车盘12的距离，严格控制在3±0.5mm，可以通过在制动器与后端盖8之间安装调整垫片来调整距离，最后安装制动器上半闸，同理需要检测上半闸与刹车盘12的距离，最后安装接地滑环支撑环45，最后通过螺栓M24x80和防松垫圈φ24将转子37支架13、刹车盘12和接地滑环21支撑环连接在一起。
后端盖8高度集成化设计，通过将发电机制动器9、强电接线盒、辅助接线盒、后盖板15、风道密封环等发电机关键零部件高度集成设计到后端盖8上，定子引出铜排通过后端盖8设计的出线窗口引出，不仅起到支撑、防护、固定和密封等作用，同时在满足自身强度前提下，设 计成骨架式焊接结构，最大限度减少零部件自身重量，大大减少发电机零部件的占用空间和轴向空间尺寸，发电机结构整体布局更紧凑、更美观。
集成化后盖板15采用“骨架式”焊接结构，主体框架26采用槽钢进行焊接成型，窗口处采用钢丝网25点焊在主体框架26上，“减重设计”在保证零部件本身强度的基础上，最大限度的减少零部件本身重量。“高度集成设计”是将发电机四组接地装置16、四组测速传感器支架30、用户滑环支架及滑环、制动器维护盖板24、制动器进油管等集成在后盖板15上，用户维护或更换发电机制动器9时，只需将6点钟和12点钟盖板拆除即可正常作业，6点钟制动器盖板设有进油管防护护套，避免进油管与盖板剐蹭。为抑制发电机运行时转子传动链20上产生的轴电流、轴电压，在发电机转子传动链20后端(末端)设计有四个接地装置16：其中接地碳刷导电板17与后盖板15之间通过绝缘子19固定连接，保证接地装置16与后端盖8之间的导电断开，接地碳刷18与转子传动链20末端延伸出来的接地滑环21内环通过压簧密切接触，保证碳刷与接地滑环21内经接触良好，每个接地装置16配备单独的接地线22，将发电机转子传动链20上产生的轴电流安全引出到后端盖8，后端盖8与发电机机座1之间安装有等电位线缆，机座1与机组机舱又可靠接地，进而将发电机产生的轴电流安全引入接地端。
外置空水冷却器3，通过螺栓M12x30、弹簧垫圈φ12、平垫圈φ12牢牢固定在发电机机座1顶部，对电机转子37和定子绕组端部进行冷却，通过设计低风阻导风部件，从发电机内部流出的热风进入空水冷却器3，冷却后的凉风直接输入发电机内部最热部位。
集成化定子接线盒作为发电机结构中的一个重要组成部分，根据发电机电缆走向需求，将定子强电接线盒分为四部分设计-第一接线盒32、第二接线盒33、第三接线盒34和接线盒盖板36，通过螺栓连接在一起，发电机定子引出电缆穿出接线盒盖板36后，又通过沿轴向布置两组电缆固定夹板35，牢牢固定两套定子引出电缆，整体结构紧凑而又不繁琐，接线盒外壳材质选用耐低温型钢板，防护等级达到IP54，满足低寒恶劣环境使用要求。
本发明提供的这种紧凑型半直驱永磁同步风力发电机，针对“平价上网”的市场需求，以“30.60碳中和目标”为指引，进行发电机紧凑化、集成化设计关键技术研究，符合风电市场的发展方向，同时可以有效带动整个系统产业链的协同发展，对风电产业的协同研发具有重要意义，同时会产生可观的经济效益。
以上所述仅是本发明的具体实施方式，使本领域技术人员能够理解或实现本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。
应当理解的是，本发明并不局限于上述已经描述的内容，并且可以在不脱离其范围进行各种修改和改变。本发明的范围仅由所附的权利要求来限制。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种紧凑型半直驱永磁同步风力发电机，包括机座(1)和安装于所述机座(1)上的发电机本体，其特征在于，所述机座(1)的内壁分布有用以冷却定子铁心的冷却水套(2)，且冷却水套(2)采用双螺旋水路结构；所述机座(1)的顶部设置有用于对转子(37)和定子绕组端部进行冷却的空水冷却器(3)；所述发电机本体的定子设置有双Y绕组冗余结构，所述双Y绕组冗余结构包括两套相互独立的三相绕组；所述发电机本体的转子(37)上安装有多个转子磁极盒(4)，每个所述转子磁极盒(4)呈凸极扇形结构；所述发电机本体的后端盖(8)上集成有发电机制动器(9)、强电辅助接线盒(10)、弱电辅助接线盒(11)、后盖板(15)、风道密封环、定子引出铜排和强电接线盒(14)，所述后盖板(15)上设置有相串联的四个接地装置(16)；所述发电机本体中齿轮箱输出轴(40)与发电机通过转接盘(39)连接，所述转接盘((39)上设置有油气透气孔(38)及迷宫结构(41)，用以隔离齿轮箱运转时润滑油产生的油气。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的紧凑型半直驱永磁同步风力发电机，其特征在于，所述双螺旋水路结构包括对称分布的第一螺旋管路和第二螺旋管路，所述第一螺旋管路和第二螺旋管路的进水端相连通，水由各自的进水端进入、螺旋循环后分别从第一螺旋管路的出水端、第二螺旋管路的出水端流出。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的紧凑型半直驱永磁同步风力发电机，其特征在于，所述转子磁极盒(4)的内部嵌入多个永磁体(5)，相邻永磁体(5)之间设置永磁体加强筋；所述转子磁极盒(4)的底部沿径向开设第一连接部(6)，所述转子轭上开设有与第一连接部(6)相适配的第二连接部。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的紧凑型半直驱永磁同步风力发电机，其特征在于，所述后端盖(8)沿周向开设有多个减重孔(7)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的紧凑型半直驱永磁同步风力发电机，其特征在于，所述后端盖(8)上沿径向方向、上下对称设置有发电机制动器(9)。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的紧凑型半直驱永磁同步风力发电机，其特征在于，所述后盖板(15)上设置有制动器维护盖板(24)，钢丝网(25)，用以安装测速传感器支架(30)的第一接口(28)，用以安装接地装置(16)的第二接口(29)。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的紧凑型半直驱永磁同步风力发电机，其特征在于，四个所述接地装置(16)对称分布在后盖板(15)上，所述接地装置(16)位于转子传动链(20)的后端。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的紧凑型半直驱永磁同步风力发电机，其特征在于，所述接地装置(16)包括接地碳刷导电板(17)、接地碳刷(18)及接地碳刷刷辫(23)，所述接地碳刷导电板(17)与后盖板(15)之间通过绝缘子(19)固定连接，所述接地碳刷(18)与转子传动链(20)后端延伸出来的接地滑环(21)内环通过压簧密切接触；所述接地装置(16)还包括单独的接地线(22)，用以将转子传动链(20)上产生的轴电流安全引出到后端盖(8)。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的紧凑型半直驱永磁同步风力发电机，其特征 在于，所述强电接线盒包括第一接线盒(32)、第二接线盒(33)、第三接线盒(34)和接线盒盖板(36)，所述第一接线盒(32)安装于后端盖(8)的定子引出铜排位置，第三接线盒(34)位于第一接线盒(32)的右侧，所述第二接线盒(33)位于第三接线盒(34)及第一接线盒(32)的左侧，所述接线盒盖板(36)位于第二接线盒(33)的左侧；定子引出线电缆穿出所述接线盒盖板(36)后，通过沿轴向布置的两组电缆固定夹板(35)固定。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的紧凑型半直驱永磁同步风力发电机，其特征在于，所述强电接线盒的外壳材质均选用耐低温型钢板，防护等级达到IP54。
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