WO2023124588A1 - 一种防止垃圾焚烧发电厂启停炉期间臭气外溢的抽风系统 - Google Patents

一种防止垃圾焚烧发电厂启停炉期间臭气外溢的抽风系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023124588A1
WO2023124588A1 PCT/CN2022/131797 CN2022131797W WO2023124588A1 WO 2023124588 A1 WO2023124588 A1 WO 2023124588A1 CN 2022131797 W CN2022131797 W CN 2022131797W WO 2023124588 A1 WO2023124588 A1 WO 2023124588A1
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Prior art keywords
air
primary air
primary
secondary air
valve
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PCT/CN2022/131797
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汤永泉
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深圳能源环保股份有限公司
深圳市深能环保东部有限公司
深圳市深能环保城市环境服务有限公司
桂林市深能环保有限公司
单县深能环保有限公司
武汉深能环保新沟垃圾发电有限公司
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Publication of WO2023124588A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023124588A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an exhaust system for an incinerator of a waste incineration power plant, in particular to an exhaust system for preventing odor from overflowing during the start-up and shutdown of the waste incineration power plant.
  • the waste incineration power plant chooses to extract the primary air and secondary air from the garbage pool.
  • the incinerator is in normal operation, due to the high temperature of the furnace (above 850 degrees), the odor extracted from the garbage pool is pyrolyzed and processed by the subsequent flue gas treatment system, so we cannot smell the flue gas discharged from the chimney Stinky, just a faint smell of smoke.
  • the odor extracted from the garbage pool cannot be fully decomposed in the incinerator due to the low temperature of the furnace at this time, even after the follow-up flue gas treatment system , the smoke from the chimney can still smell the obvious smell of garbage ponds. Since the chimney is relatively high and the range of influence is relatively wide, the odor often floats to a range of 3 to 5 kilometers, or even farther, affecting the lives of surrounding residents. , was complained.
  • the present invention proposes a ventilation system to prevent the odor from overflowing during the start-up and shutdown of the waste incineration power plant.
  • the exhaust duct for extracting air from the boiler room (above the furnace roof).
  • the primary air exhaust system and the secondary air exhaust system are respectively switched to extract odor-free air from the boiler room.
  • the primary air exhaust system and the secondary air exhaust system switch to extracting air from the garbage pool.
  • a ventilation system for preventing odor from overflowing during the start-up and shutdown of the waste incineration power plant including a primary wind ventilation system and a secondary wind ventilation system
  • the primary wind ventilation system includes The primary air duct, and the primary air inlet filter screen, the primary air pneumatic fire damper, the primary air muffler, the first electric shut-off valve, the primary air blower, the second electric Shut-off valve, primary air preheater, secondary air preheater, third electric shut-off valve, the air in the garbage pool passes through the primary air inlet filter, primary air pneumatic fire damper, primary air muffler, The first electric shut-off valve, the primary air fan, the second electric shut-off valve, the primary air preheater, the secondary air preheater, the third electric shut-off valve, and finally enter the bottom of the grate; the secondary air
  • the exhaust system includes a secondary air duct, and a secondary air inlet filter, a secondary air pneumatic fire damper, the primary air blower, the
  • the steam pipeline of the slag extractor is connected between the second pneumatic valve and the secondary air muffler on the primary air pipeline, and the steam of the slag extractor is extracted to the In the primary air duct, a negative pressure is formed inside the slag extractor to prevent odor from overflowing.
  • a steam turbine primary steam extraction pipe is also provided, and steam flows into the primary air preheater through the steam turbine primary steam extraction pipe to heat the primary air.
  • a steam drum extraction pipeline is also provided, and the steam flows into the secondary air preheater through the steam drum extraction pipeline to heat the primary air.
  • a primary air air preheater bypass is also set, the inlet of the primary air air preheater bypass is connected to the primary air pipeline and the access point is located behind the primary air blower, the second Before the electric shut-off valve.
  • the bypass of the primary air air preheater is also provided with a fourth electric shut-off valve.
  • the primary air exhaust system Air is drawn from the top of the furnace (due to the low temperature of the furnace, the odor cannot be cracked, so it cannot be drawn from the garbage pool); because the wind above the top of the furnace is clean, it can be discharged through the chimney without affecting the surrounding environment;
  • the incinerator When entering normal combustion (when the furnace temperature is above 850 degrees), open the primary air pneumatic fire damper of the primary air exhaust system, and then close the primary air pneumatic regulating valve of the primary air exhaust pipe on the top of the furnace, and the primary air exhaust system will draw from the garbage pool Due to the high temperature of the furnace, the odor of the garbage pool will be discharged through the chimney after high-temperature cracking and dust removal (the odor will be fully cracked by high temperature when the temperature of the incinerator
  • the primary wind draws air from the garbage pool to form a negative pressure in the garbage pool to prevent the odor from overflowing into the factory area and the surrounding environment.
  • the present invention proposes a ventilation system for preventing odor overflow during the start-up and shutdown of the waste incineration power plant, including the primary air ventilation system and the secondary air ventilation system. and secondary air furnace top exhaust duct, when the incinerator is in the closed state or in the state of just starting to burn, due to the low furnace temperature, close the pneumatic fire damper of the primary air exhaust system and the secondary air exhaust system, and then open
  • the primary air furnace top exhaust duct and the secondary air furnace top exhaust duct, the primary air exhaust system and the secondary air system extract air from the furnace roof respectively. Since the wind above the furnace top is clean, the surrounding environment will not be affected when the flue gas is discharged into the air through the chimney. It avoids obvious odor in the flue gas discharged into the air through the chimney due to the low temperature of the furnace during the start-up and shutdown of the garbage incinerator, and effectively solves the problems in the prior art.
  • Figure 1 and Figure 2 are the equipment layout diagrams of the ventilation system of the existing waste incineration power plant. Among them, Fig. 1 is the primary air exhaust system, and Fig. 2 is the secondary air exhaust system.
  • Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are equipment layout diagrams of the first embodiment of the present invention. Wherein, Fig. 3 is the primary air exhaust system, and Fig. 4 is the secondary air exhaust system.
  • Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are the equipment layout diagrams of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • a kind of exhaust system that prevents the odor from overflowing during the start-up and shutdown of the waste incineration power plant includes a primary air exhaust system 1 and a secondary air exhaust system 2;
  • the primary air exhaust system 1 includes a primary air exhaust system pipeline, and according to the direction of air flow, primary air inlet filter screen 1.1, primary air pneumatic fire damper 1.2, primary air muffler 1.3, first electric shut-off valve 1.4, primary air fan 1.5,
  • the second electric shut-off valve 1.6, the primary air preheater 1.71, the secondary air preheater 1.72, the third electric shut-off valve 1.8, the air in the garbage pool passes through the primary air inlet filter screen 1.1, the primary air pneumatic Fire damper 1.2, primary air muffler 1.3, first electric shut-off valve 1.4, primary air fan 1.5, second electric shut-off valve 1.6, primary air preheater 1.3,
  • the primary air exhaust system 1 and the secondary air exhaust system 2 respectively extract air from the garbage pool and transport it to the bottom of the fire grate and the fire hearth on the fire grate upper side of the garbage incinerator respectively.
  • the function of the primary air and the secondary air is to promote the burning of garbage. After the primary air and secondary air are burned, they are treated by the flue gas treatment system and discharged into the air through the chimney; The extracted air is burned in the furnace. Due to the high temperature of the furnace (above 850 degrees), the substances in the odor will be decomposed by pyrolysis.
  • a The primary air furnace top exhaust duct 1A the inlet of the primary air furnace top exhaust duct 1A is connected to the space above the incinerator furnace top 4 and the outlet is connected to the primary air duct and the access point is located behind the primary air pneumatic fire damper 1.2 1.
  • the primary air aerodynamic regulating valve 1A1 is also set on the primary wind furnace top exhaust duct 1A; the secondary air furnace top exhaust duct 2A is also set, and the secondary air furnace top exhaust duct 2A
  • the inlet is connected to the space 4 above the furnace top of the incinerator, and the outlet is connected to the secondary air duct, and the access point is located after the secondary air pneumatic fire damper 2.2 and before the secondary air silencer 2.3.
  • a secondary air pneumatic control valve 2A1 is also provided on the top exhaust duct 2A.
  • the steam pipe 1B of the slagging machine is connected between the primary air pneumatic fire damper 1.2 and the primary air muffler 1.3 on the primary air pipe, and the steam of the slag discharging machine passes through the slag discharging machine.
  • the machine steam pipe 1B is extracted into the primary air pipe, thereby forming a negative pressure inside the slag extractor to prevent odor from overflowing.
  • a steam turbine primary steam extraction pipeline 1C is also provided, and steam flows into the primary air preheater 1.71 through the steam turbine primary steam extraction pipeline 1C to heat the primary air.
  • a steam drum extraction pipeline 1D is also provided, and steam flows into the secondary air preheater 1.72 through the steam drum extraction pipeline 1D to heat the primary air.
  • a primary air air preheater bypass 1E is also provided, the inlet of the primary air air preheater bypass 1E is connected to the primary air duct and the access point is located at the primary air After the fan 1.5, before the second electric shut-off valve 1.6.
  • the primary air air preheater bypass 1E is also provided with a fourth electric shut-off valve 1E1.
  • the primary air pneumatic fire damper 1.2 of the primary air exhaust system is closed due to the low furnace temperature, and then the primary air pneumatic fire damper 1.2 of the primary air exhaust duct 1A on the furnace top is opened.
  • Regulating valve 1A1 primary air exhaust system 1 draws air from the furnace top (due to the low temperature of the furnace, the odor cannot be cracked, so it cannot be drawn from the garbage pool); since the air above the furnace top is clean, it can be discharged through the chimney, Does not affect the surrounding environment.
  • the incinerator When the incinerator enters normal combustion (when the furnace temperature is above 850 degrees), open the primary air pneumatic fire damper 1.2 of the primary air exhaust system 1, and then close the primary air pneumatic regulating valve 1A1 of the primary air exhaust duct 1A on the top of the furnace,
  • the primary air exhaust system 1 draws air from the garbage pool. Due to the high temperature of the furnace, the odor in the garbage pool will be discharged through the chimney after high-temperature pyrolysis and dust removal (the odor will be fully cracked by high temperature when the furnace temperature of the incinerator is above 850 degrees. After that, it will no longer contain odor, and will not affect the external environment after discharge).
  • the primary air system 1 draws air from the garbage pool to form a negative pressure over the garbage pool 3, thereby preventing the odor from overflowing into the factory area and the surrounding environment.

Abstract

一种防止垃圾焚烧发电厂启停炉期间臭气外溢的抽风系统，包括一次风抽风系统及二次风抽风系统，由于还设置了一次风炉顶抽风管道和二次风炉顶抽风管道，当焚烧炉处于关闭状态或处于刚启动燃烧的状态时，由于炉膛温度较低，关闭所述一次风抽风系统及二次风抽风系统的气动防火阀，然后打开一次风炉顶抽风管道和二次风炉顶抽风管道，一次风抽风系统及二次风系统分别从炉顶上空抽风。由于炉顶上空的风是清洁干净的，通过烟囱向空中排放烟气时不影响周围环境。避免在垃圾焚烧炉启停炉期间由于炉膛温度较低，通过烟囱向空中排放的烟气含有明显臭味，有效地解决现有技术问题。

Description

一种防止垃圾焚烧发电厂启停炉期间臭气外溢的抽风系统 技术领域
本发明涉及垃圾焚烧发电厂焚烧炉抽风系统，尤其涉及一种防止垃圾焚烧发电厂启停炉期间臭气外溢的抽风系统。
 背景技术
目前，垃圾焚烧发电厂为了维持垃圾池负压防止臭气外溢，一次风、二次风均选取从垃圾池抽取。在焚烧炉正常运行时，由于炉温较高（在850度以上）从垃圾池抽取的臭气经过高温分解，加之后续烟气处理系统处理，所以从烟囱排出的烟气中我们是闻不到臭气的，只有淡淡的烟味。但是在焚烧炉启停过程中如果一、二次风仍然从垃圾池抽取，此时由于炉温较低，从垃圾池抽取的臭气无法在焚烧炉内充分分解，即使经过后续烟气处理系统，从烟囱飘出来的烟气仍然能闻到明显的垃圾池臭味，由于烟囱较高影响范围还比较广，臭气往往会飘至3至5公里范围外，甚至更远，影响周边居民生活，遭至投诉。
 技术问题
为了克服现有技术问题，本发明提出一种防止垃圾焚烧发电厂启停炉期间臭气外溢的抽风系统，在焚烧炉一、二次风从垃圾池抽空气的同时，还分别增加一路可以从锅炉房（炉顶上空）抽取空气的抽风管道，在该焚烧炉启停过程中，一次风抽风系统及二次风抽风系统分别切换至从锅炉房抽取无臭味空气，待焚烧炉正常燃烧并且炉温达到850度以上后，一次风抽风系统及二次风抽风系统再切换至从垃圾池抽取空气。解决了现有垃圾焚烧炉在启停炉过程中通过烟囱向空中排放臭气的技术问题。
 技术解决方案
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种防止垃圾焚烧发电厂启停炉期间臭气外溢的抽风系统，包括一次风抽风系统及二次风抽风系统；所述一次风抽风系统包括一次风管道，以及按照空气流动方向在所述一次风管道上还依次设置一次风进口滤网、一次风气动防火阀、一次风消音器、第一电动关断阀、一次风风机、第二电动关断阀、一级空气预热器、二级空气预热器、第三电动关断阀，垃圾池内的空气依次经所述一次风进口滤网、一次风气动防火阀、一次风消音器、第一电动关断阀、一次风风机、第二电动关断阀、一级空气预热器、二级空气预热器、第三电动关断阀，最后进入炉排底下；所述二次风抽风系统包括二次风管道，以及按照空气流动方向在所述二次风管道上还依次设置二次风进口滤网、二次风气动防火阀、二次风消音器、电动关断阀、二次风风机，垃圾池内的空气依次经所述二次风进口滤网、二次风气动防火阀、二次风消音器、电动关断阀、二次风机，最后进入炉膛；其特征是，还设置一次风炉顶抽风管道，所述一次风炉顶抽风管道的入口为炉顶上空而出口接入到所述一次风管道并且接入点位于所述一次风气动防火阀之后、一次风消音器之前，在所述一次风炉顶抽风管道上还设置一次风气动调节阀；还设置二次风炉顶抽风管道，所述二次风炉顶抽风管道的入口为炉顶而出口接入到所述二次风管道并且接入点位于二次风气动防火阀之后、二次风消音器之前，在所述二次风炉顶抽风管道上还设置二次风气动调节阀。
优选的，在所述一次风管道上位于第二气动阀与二次风消音器之间还接入出渣机蒸汽管道，出渣机的蒸汽经所述出渣机蒸汽管道被抽取到所述一次风管道中，由此使所述出渣机内部形成负压，防止臭气外溢。
优选的，还设置汽轮机一级抽汽管道，蒸汽经所述汽轮机一级抽汽管道流入所述一级空气预热器对一次风进行加热。
优选的，还设置汽包抽汽来管道，蒸汽经所述汽包抽汽来管道流入所述二级空气预热器对一次风进行加热。
优选的，还设置一次风空气预热器旁路，所述一次风空气预热器旁路的入口接入到所述一次风管道并且接入点位于所述一次风风机之后、所述第二电动关断阀之前。
优选的，所述一次风空气预热器旁路上还设置有第四电动关断阀。
当焚烧炉刚启动燃烧或停止燃烧时，由于炉膛温度较低，关闭所述一次风抽风系统的一次风气动防火阀，然后打开一次风炉顶抽风管道的一次风气动调节阀，一次风抽风系统从炉顶上空抽风（由于炉膛温度较低，臭气不能裂解，因此不能从垃圾池抽风）；由于炉顶上空的风是清洁干净的，因此可以通过烟囱排放，不影响周围环境；当焚烧炉进入正常燃烧时（炉温在850度以上时），打开所述一次风抽风系统的一次风气动防火阀，然后关闭一次风炉顶抽风管道的一次风气动调节阀，一次风抽风系统从垃圾池抽风，由于炉膛温度较高，垃圾池的臭气经高温裂解和除尘处理之后再经烟囱排出（臭气在焚烧炉炉温850度以上时将被高温充分裂解，之后不再含有臭味，排放后不影响外部环境）。
另一方面，一次风从垃圾池抽气可以使垃圾池形成负压防止臭气外溢至厂区内部及周围环境。
 有益效果
本发明的有益效果是，本发明提出一种防止垃圾焚烧发电厂启停炉期间臭气外溢的抽风系统，包括一次风抽风系统及二次风抽风系统，由于还设置了一次风炉顶抽风管道和二次风炉顶抽风管道，当焚烧炉处于关闭状态或处于刚启动燃烧的状态时，由于炉膛温度较低，关闭所述一次风抽风系统及二次风抽风系统的气动防火阀，然后打开一次风炉顶抽风管道和二次风炉顶抽风管道，一次风抽风系统及二次风系统分别从炉顶上空抽风。由于炉顶上空的风是清洁干净的，通过烟囱向空中排放烟气时不影响周围环境。避免在垃圾焚烧炉启停炉期间由于炉膛温度较低，通过烟囱向空中排放的烟气含有明显臭味，有效地解决现有技术问题。
 附图说明
图1、图2为现有垃圾焚烧发电厂抽风系统的设备布置图。其中，图1为一次风抽风系统，图2为二次风抽风系统。
图3、图4为本发明第一实施例的设备布置图。其中，图3为一次风抽风系统，图4为二次风抽风系统。
图中：1. 一次风抽风系统；1.1一次风进口滤网、1.2一次风气动防火阀、1.3一次风消音器、1.4第一电动关断阀、1.5一次风风机、1.6第二电动关断阀、1.71一级空气预热器、1.72二级空气预热器、1.8第三电动关断阀；1A一次风炉顶抽风管道，1A1一次风气动调节阀，1A2炉顶上空；1B出渣机蒸汽管道；1C汽轮机一级抽汽管道；1D汽包抽汽来管道；1E空气预热器旁路，1E1第四电动关断阀；2. 二次风抽风系统；2.1二次风进口滤网、2.2二次风气动防火阀、2.3二次风消音器、2.4电动关断阀、2.5二次风风机；2A一次风炉顶抽风管道，2A1二次风气动调节阀；3垃圾池；4炉顶上空。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
图1、图2为本发明第一实施例的设备布置图。图中显示，本例中，一种防止垃圾焚烧发电厂启停炉期间臭气外溢的抽风系统，包括一次风抽风系统1及二次风抽风系统2；所述一次风抽风系统1包括一次风管道，以及按照空气流动方向在所述一次风管道上还依次设置一次风进口滤网1.1、一次风气动防火阀1.2、一次风消音器1.3、第一电动关断阀1.4、一次风风机1.5、第二电动关断阀1.6、一级空气预热器1.71、二级空气预热器1.72、第三电动关断阀1.8，垃圾池内的空气依次经所述一次风进口滤网1.1、一次风气动防火阀1.2、一次风消音器1.3、第一电动关断阀1.4、一次风风机1.5、第二电动关断阀1.6、一级空气预热器1.71、二级空气预热器1.72、第三电动关断阀1.8，最后进入炉排底下；所述二次风抽风系统2包括二次风管道，以及按照空气流动方向在所述二次风管道2上还依次设置二次风进口滤网2.1、二次风气动防火阀2.2、二次风消音器2.3、电动关断阀2.4、二次风风机2.5，垃圾池内的空气依次经所述二次风进口滤网2.1、二次风气动防火阀2.2、二次风消音器2.3、电动关断阀2.4、二次风机2.5，最后进入炉膛;在垃圾焚烧发电厂日常运行过程中，为了防止垃圾池臭气外溢，必须维持垃圾池的空气负压。因此，一次风抽风系统1及二次风抽风系统2分别从垃圾池抽取空气然后分别输至送垃圾焚烧炉的炉排底下及炉排上侧的炉膛中。一次风及二次风的作用是促进垃圾燃烧。一次风及二次风经燃烧之后，经过烟气处理系统的处理之后经烟囱排向空中;在垃圾焚烧发电厂日常运行过程中，一次风抽风系统1及二次风抽风系统2从垃圾池3抽取的空气在炉膛中燃烧，由于炉温较高（在850度以上），臭气中的物质发后高温分解，燃烧后的烟气经过后续烟气处理系统的处理之后，从烟囱排出的烟气中我们是闻不到臭气的，只有淡淡的烟味；但是在焚烧炉开始启动燃烧，或焚烧炉停运过程中，如果一次风抽风系统1及二次风抽风系统2仍然继续从垃圾池3抽取空气，此时由于炉温较低，从垃圾池抽取的臭气无法在焚烧炉内充分分解，即使经过后续烟气处理系统的处理，从烟囱飘出来的烟气仍然能闻到明显的垃圾臭味。由于烟囱较高，因此影响范围较广，臭气往往会飘至3至5公里外的周围，严重影响周边环境的空气卫生；为了解决现有技术问题，图中显示，本例中，还设置一次风炉顶抽风管道1A，所述一次风炉顶抽风管道1A的入口接入到焚烧炉炉顶上空4而出口接入到所述一次风管道并且接入点位于一次风气动防火阀1.2之后、一次风消音器1.3之前，在所述一次风炉顶抽风管道1A上还设置一次风气动调节阀1A1；还设置二次风炉顶抽风管道2A，所述二次风炉顶抽风管道2A的入口接入到焚烧炉炉顶上空4而出口接入到所述二次风管道并且接入点位于二次风气动防火阀2.2之后、二次风消音器2.3之前，在所述二次风炉顶抽风管道2A上还设置有二次风气动调节阀2A1。
图中显示，作为优选的，在所述一次风管道上位于一次风气动防火阀1.2与一次风消音器1.3之间还接入出渣机蒸汽管道1B，出渣机的蒸汽经所述出渣机蒸汽管道1B被抽取到所述一次风管道中，由此使所述出渣机内部形成负压，防止臭气外溢。
图中显示，作为优选的，还设置汽轮机一级抽汽管道1C，蒸汽经所述汽轮机一级抽汽管道1C流入所述一级空气预热器1.71对一次风进行加热。
图中显示，作为优选的，还设置汽包抽汽来管道1D，蒸汽经所述汽包抽汽来管道1D流入所述二级空气预热器1.72对一次风进行加热。
图中显示，作为优选的，还设置一次风空气预热器旁路1E，所述一次风空气预热器旁路1E的入口接入到所述一次风管道并且接入点位于所述一次风风机1.5之后、所述第二电动关断阀1.6之前。一次风空气预热器旁路1E上还设置有第四电动关断阀1E1。
 工业实用性
本发明提出的技术方案中，当焚烧炉刚启动燃烧时，由于炉膛温度较低，关闭所述一次风抽风系统的一次风气动防火阀1.2，然后打开一次风炉顶抽风管道1A的一次风气动调节阀1A1，一次风抽风系统1从炉顶抽风（由于炉膛温度较低，臭气不能裂解，因此不能从垃圾池抽风）；由于炉顶上空的风是清洁干净的，因此可以通过烟囱排放，不影响周围环境。
当焚烧炉进入正常燃烧时（炉温在850度以上时），打开所述一次风抽风系统1的一次风气动防火阀1.2，然后关闭一次风炉顶抽风管道1A的一次风气动调节阀1A1，一次风抽风系统1从垃圾池抽风，由于炉膛温度较高，垃圾池的臭气经高温裂解和除尘处理之后再经烟囱排出（臭气在焚烧炉炉温850度以上时将被高温充分裂解，之后不再含有臭味，排放后不影响外部环境）。
同时，一次风系统1从垃圾池抽气可以使垃圾池3上空形成负压，从而防止臭气外溢至厂区内部及周围环境。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种防止垃圾焚烧发电厂启停炉期间臭气外溢的抽风系统，包括一次风抽风系统及二次风抽风系统；
    所述一次风抽风系统包括一次风管道，以及按照空气流动方向在所述一次风管道上还依次设置一次风进口滤网、一次风气动防火阀、一次风消音器、第一电动关断阀、一次风风机、第二电动关断阀、一级空气预热器、二级空气预热器、第三电动关断阀，垃圾池内的空气依次经所述一次风进口滤网、一次风气动防火阀、一次风消音器、第一电动关断阀、一次风风机、第二电动关断阀、一级空气预热器、二级空气预热器、第三电动关断阀，最后进入炉排底下；
    所述二次风抽风系统包括二次风管道，以及按照空气流动方向在所述二次风管道上还依次设置二次风进口滤网、二次风气动防火阀、二次风消音器、电动关断阀、二次风风机，垃圾池内的空气依次经所述二次风进口滤网、二次风气动防火阀、二次风消音器、电动关断阀、二次风机，最后进入炉膛；
    其特征是，还设置一次风炉顶抽风管道，所述一次风炉顶抽风管道的入口为炉顶上空而出口接入到所述一次风管道并且接入点位于所述一次风气动防火阀之后、一次风消音器之前，在所述一次风炉顶抽风管道上还设置一次风气动调节阀；
    还设置二次风炉顶抽风管道，所述二次风炉顶抽风管道的入口为炉顶而出口接入到所述二次风管道并且接入点位于二次风气动防火阀之后、二次风消音器之前，在所述二次风炉顶抽风管道上还设置二次风气动调节阀。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种防止垃圾焚烧发电厂启停炉期间臭气外溢的抽风系统，其特征是，在所述一次风管道上位于第二气动阀与二次风消音器之间还接入出渣机蒸汽管道，出渣机的蒸汽经所述出渣机蒸汽管道被抽取到所述一次风管道中，由此使所述出渣机内部形成负压，防止臭气外溢。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种防止垃圾焚烧发电厂启停炉期间臭气外溢的抽风系统，其特征是，还设置汽轮机一级抽汽管道，蒸汽经所述汽轮机一级抽汽管道流入所述一级空气预热器对一次风进行加热。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种防止垃圾焚烧发电厂启停炉期间臭气外溢的抽风系统，其特征是，还设置汽包抽汽来管道，蒸汽经所述汽包抽汽来管道流入所述二级空气预热器对一次风进行加热。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种防止垃圾焚烧发电厂启停炉期间臭气外溢的抽风系统，其特征是，还设置一次风空气预热器旁路，所述一次风空气预热器旁路的入口接入到所述一次风管道并且接入点位于所述一次风风机之后、所述第二电动关断阀之前。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种防止垃圾焚烧发电厂启停炉期间臭气外溢的抽风系统，其特征是，所述一次风空气预热器旁路上还设置有第四电动关断阀。
PCT/CN2022/131797 2021-12-27 2022-11-15 一种防止垃圾焚烧发电厂启停炉期间臭气外溢的抽风系统 WO2023124588A1 (zh)

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