WO2023122960A1 - 电池系统的充放电方法及装置、电池系统与电动车辆 - Google Patents

电池系统的充放电方法及装置、电池系统与电动车辆 Download PDF

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WO2023122960A1
WO2023122960A1 PCT/CN2021/142094 CN2021142094W WO2023122960A1 WO 2023122960 A1 WO2023122960 A1 WO 2023122960A1 CN 2021142094 W CN2021142094 W CN 2021142094W WO 2023122960 A1 WO2023122960 A1 WO 2023122960A1
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Prior art keywords
voltage battery
low
battery
soc value
load
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PCT/CN2021/142094
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English (en)
French (fr)
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左希阳
王潇
李向涛
李宝
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宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Priority to CN202180101346.9A priority Critical patent/CN117751478A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2021/142094 priority patent/WO2023122960A1/zh
Publication of WO2023122960A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023122960A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a method and device for charging and discharging a battery system, a battery system and an electric vehicle.
  • Lithium-ion batteries have the advantages of high cell voltage, large specific energy, and long cycle life. Therefore, lithium-ion batteries are widely used in electric vehicles, consumer electronics, energy storage systems and other fields. Among them, in electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries generally include low-voltage batteries and high-voltage batteries.
  • electric vehicles generally include low-voltage loads and high-voltage loads.
  • the low-voltage load can be powered by the high-voltage battery after being stepped down, or can be directly powered by the low-voltage battery.
  • the output mode of competitive power supply is usually used to supply power to low-voltage loads, that is, the voltage after stepping down the high-voltage battery is compared with the voltage provided by the low-voltage battery, and the one with the higher voltage is selected to supply power to the low-voltage load. .
  • both the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery have the risk of being damaged due to over-discharge.
  • the present application aims to provide a charging and discharging method and device for a battery system, a battery system and an electric vehicle, which can reduce the risk of over-discharging of high-voltage batteries and low-voltage batteries, and prolong the service life of high-voltage batteries and low-voltage batteries.
  • the present application provides a method for charging and discharging a battery system in a first aspect, wherein the battery system includes a low-voltage battery and a high-voltage battery, wherein both the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery are used to connect to a load.
  • the method includes: obtaining the first power when the load is working.
  • the first SOC value of the low-voltage battery and the second SOC value of the high-voltage battery are acquired. According to the first power, the first SOC value and the second SOC value, the charging and discharging processes of the high voltage battery and the low voltage battery are controlled.
  • the charging and discharging process can help avoid the risk of overcharging or overdischarging of high-voltage batteries and low-voltage batteries, thereby prolonging the service life of high-voltage batteries and low-voltage batteries.
  • the battery that can meet the load demand can be selected according to the current state of the low-voltage battery and the high-voltage battery, thereby improving the stability of the load operation and enabling The performance of the low-voltage battery and the high-voltage battery is brought into full play.
  • the battery system is applied to an electric vehicle, it is beneficial to increase the available power of the low-voltage battery and the high-voltage battery, so as to improve the battery life of the vehicle.
  • controlling the charging and discharging process of the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery according to the first power, the first SOC value, and the second SOC value includes: if the maximum power output by the low-voltage battery is less than the first power, then Control the high-voltage battery to discharge the load, or control the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery to discharge the load at the same time.
  • the maximum power output by the low-voltage battery is less than the first power, it should be switched to make the high-voltage battery supply power to the load, or the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery supply power to the load at the same time, so as to ensure that the load can obtain the voltage and current required for normal operation, which is beneficial Improve the stability of load work.
  • the low-voltage battery is controlled to stop discharging the load.
  • the low-voltage battery When using a low-voltage battery for discharge, as long as the first SOC value of the low-voltage battery is detected to be less than the first SOC threshold, the low-voltage battery should be controlled to stop discharging to reduce the risk of over-discharge of the low-voltage battery, so as to protect the low-voltage battery It is beneficial to prolong the service life of the low-voltage battery.
  • controlling the charging and discharging process of the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery includes: if the maximum power output by the low-voltage battery is not less than the first power , then control the low-voltage battery to discharge the load. According to the first SOC value and the second SOC value, the charging and discharging processes of the high voltage battery and the low voltage battery are controlled.
  • the low-voltage battery should supply power to the load.
  • the low-voltage battery can work in the platform area, and the voltage change of the low-voltage battery is relatively slow, that is, the voltage of the low-voltage battery is in a relatively stable state, so that the work of the load is also more stable.
  • controlling the charging and discharging process of the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery according to the first SOC value and the second SOC value includes: if the first SOC value is greater than the second SOC threshold and the first SOC value is not is greater than the third SOC threshold, the low-voltage battery is controlled to discharge the load.
  • the second SOC value and the third SOC value By setting the second SOC value and the third SOC value accordingly, when the first SOC value is greater than the second SOC value and not greater than the third SOC value, the abnormality of overdischarging or overcharging of the low-voltage battery can be avoided.
  • the low-voltage battery can be used to power the load, and the stability and efficiency of the entire power supply process are high.
  • the low-voltage battery can be kept in a state of shallow charge and shallow discharge, which is also beneficial to prolong the service life of the low-voltage battery.
  • controlling the charging and discharging process of the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery according to the first SOC value and the second SOC value further includes: if the first SOC value is not greater than the second SOC threshold, and the second SOC If the value is greater than the fourth SOC threshold, the high voltage battery is controlled to discharge the load. And controlling the high-voltage battery to charge the low-voltage battery until the SOC value of the low-voltage battery is the third SOC threshold.
  • the discharge process of the low-voltage battery should be stopped to avoid over-discharge abnormality of the low-voltage battery.
  • the second SOC value is greater than the fourth SOC threshold, the high-voltage battery has sufficient power, and the high-voltage battery can be used to supply power to the load and charge the low-voltage battery, which not only ensures the normal operation of the load, but also can charge the low-voltage battery in time. for subsequent use.
  • controlling the charging and discharging process of the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery according to the first SOC value and the second SOC value further includes: if the first SOC value is not greater than the second SOC threshold, and the second SOC If the value is not greater than the fourth SOC threshold, a prompt for charging the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery is output.
  • both the low-voltage battery and the high-voltage battery have the risk of over-discharging.
  • a prompt for charging the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery should be output, so that the user can take corresponding processing measures in time.
  • it can avoid the abnormal situation that the user misuses the low-voltage battery or the high-voltage battery and causes damage to it when the low-voltage battery and the high-voltage battery are insufficient, so as to further reduce the risk of over-discharging the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery, and extend the life of the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery. service life.
  • the method further includes: controlling the low-voltage battery to discharge the load if the high-voltage power-down signal is received.
  • the load can be powered by a low-voltage battery. If the battery system is applied to an electric vehicle, at this time, the low-voltage battery can supply power to the load, so that the electric vehicle can avoid obstacles during operation or run to a safe place to wait for rescue, which improves the safety and convenience of the electric vehicle sex.
  • the battery system further includes a bidirectional DC/DC module, and the bidirectional DC/DC module is respectively connected to the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery.
  • the method also includes: controlling the bidirectional DC/DC module so that the high-voltage battery Charge the battery, or let the low-voltage battery charge the high-voltage battery, or let the high-voltage battery discharge the load.
  • the power transmission process can be flexibly selected to keep the low-voltage battery and high-voltage battery in a better state, which is beneficial to prolong the service life of the low-voltage battery and high-voltage battery.
  • the present application provides a charging and discharging device for a battery system, wherein the battery system includes a low-voltage battery and a high-voltage battery, wherein both the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery are used to connect to a load, and the device includes: a power acquisition unit for Obtain the first power when the load is working.
  • the SOC value obtaining unit is used to obtain the first SOC value of the low-voltage battery and the second SOC value of the high-voltage battery.
  • the charging and discharging control unit is used for controlling the charging and discharging process of the high voltage battery and the low voltage battery according to the first power, the first SOC value and the second SOC value.
  • the present application provides a main control unit, including: a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, where the processor is configured to execute the method in the first aspect based on instructions stored in the memory.
  • the main control unit includes a vehicle controller, a low-voltage battery control unit, a logic control unit of a bidirectional DC/DC module, and a high-voltage battery control unit.
  • the vehicle controller is used to control the low-voltage battery control unit, the logic control unit of the bidirectional DC/DC module and the high-voltage battery control unit.
  • the low-voltage battery control unit is used to control the charging and discharging of the low-voltage battery.
  • the logic control unit of the bidirectional DC/DC module is used for Control the bidirectional DC/DC module, and the high-voltage battery control unit is used to control the charging and discharging of the high-voltage battery.
  • the present application provides a battery system, including: a low-voltage battery, a high-voltage battery, a bidirectional DC/DC module, and the main control unit as in the third aspect.
  • the main control unit is respectively connected with the low-voltage battery, the high-voltage battery and the bidirectional DC/DC module.
  • the present application provides an electric vehicle, including: the battery system as in the fourth aspect.
  • the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, including: storing computer-executable instructions, and the computer-executable instructions are set as the method flow in the first aspect.
  • the beneficial effects of the present application are: in the charging and discharging method of the battery system provided by the present application, the first power when the load is working, the first SOC value of the low-voltage battery and the second SOC value of the high-voltage battery are obtained first. Then, according to the first power, the first SOC value and the second SOC value, the charging and discharging processes of the high voltage battery and the low voltage battery are controlled. Wherein, by detecting the first SOC value of the low-voltage battery and the second SOC value of the high-voltage battery in real time, the current states of the low-voltage battery and the high-voltage battery can be obtained in real time.
  • controlling the charging and discharging process of the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery according to the current state of the low-voltage battery and the high-voltage battery can help to avoid abnormal over-discharge of the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery, thereby prolonging the service life of the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery.
  • the battery that can meet the load demand can be selected according to the current state of the low-voltage battery and the high-voltage battery, which is not only conducive to improving the stability of the load work, but also conducive to making the low-voltage battery
  • the performance of the high-voltage battery and the high-voltage battery are more fully utilized, thereby improving the battery life of the low-voltage battery and the high-voltage battery.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an electric vehicle disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a charging and discharging method for a battery system disclosed in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a charging and discharging method for a battery system disclosed in another embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging and discharging device for a battery system disclosed in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a master control unit disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Lithium-ion batteries have the advantages of high cell voltage, large specific energy, and long cycle life. Therefore, lithium-ion batteries are widely used in electric vehicles, consumer electronics, energy storage systems and other fields. Among them, in electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries generally include low-voltage batteries and high-voltage batteries.
  • electric vehicles generally include low-voltage loads and high-voltage loads.
  • the low-voltage load can be powered by the high-voltage battery after being stepped down, or can be directly powered by the low-voltage battery.
  • the inventors of the present application found that in the related art, when it is necessary to supply power to low-voltage loads, the two methods of using a high-voltage battery to provide power after stepping down the voltage and using a low-voltage battery are usually used.
  • the output mode of competing power supply Specifically, the voltage of the high-voltage battery is compared with the voltage of the low-voltage battery, and the one with the higher voltage is selected to supply power to the low-voltage load.
  • the low-voltage battery supplies power to the external load, if the low-voltage battery is insufficient, the low-voltage battery needs to be charged by the high-voltage battery.
  • this power supply method does not take into account the actual conditions of the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery, resulting in the risk of damage to the high-voltage battery and low-voltage battery due to overcharging or over-discharging.
  • the applicant has designed a charging and discharging method for the battery system, which is based on the first power of the load, the first state of charge (State Of Charge, SOC) value of the low-voltage battery and the second state of charge of the high-voltage battery.
  • SOC State Of Charge
  • the charging and discharging process of the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery can be controlled according to the current state of the low-voltage battery and the high-voltage battery, which helps to avoid the risk of overcharging or over-discharging the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery, thereby prolonging the life of the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery. service life.
  • the battery system when the battery system is applied to an electric vehicle, it is beneficial to increase the available power of the low-voltage battery and the high-voltage battery, so as to improve the battery life of the vehicle.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device using a low-voltage battery and a high-voltage battery as power sources, wherein both the low-voltage battery and the high-voltage battery include at least one battery cell.
  • Electrical equipment can be, but not limited to, mobile phones, tablets, laptops, electric toys, electric tools, battery cars, electric vehicles, ships, spacecraft, etc.
  • electric toys may include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft may include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • an electric vehicle 10 is used as an example for illustration.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the electric vehicle 10 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the interior of the electric vehicle 10 is provided with a battery system, which includes a vehicle controller 11, a high-voltage battery control unit 12, a bidirectional DC/DC module logic control unit 13, a low-voltage battery control unit 14, a high-voltage battery 15, a bidirectional DC/DC module 16 and low voltage battery 17 .
  • the bidirectional DC/DC module 16 is connected between the high-voltage battery 15 and the low-voltage battery 17 for realizing the charging and discharging process between the high-voltage battery 15 and the low-voltage battery 17 .
  • both the high-voltage battery 15 and the low-voltage battery 17 include at least one battery cell, which is used for charging or discharging, and can be recharged repeatedly in a rechargeable manner.
  • the high-voltage battery 15 generally refers to a battery that can provide a voltage above 48V
  • the low-voltage battery 17 generally refers to a battery that can provide a voltage within 48V (including 48V).
  • the high-voltage battery 15 can be used for the power supply of high-voltage loads in vehicles
  • the low-voltage battery 17 can be used for the power supply of low-voltage loads in vehicles.
  • the vehicle controller 11 is respectively connected with the control unit 12 of the high-voltage battery, the logic control unit 13 of the bidirectional DC/DC module, and the control unit 14 of the low-voltage battery through communication lines.
  • the vehicle controller 11 can issue operation commands to the control unit 12 of the high-voltage battery, the logic control unit 13 of the bidirectional DC/DC module, and the control unit 14 of the low-voltage battery, or receive the control unit 12 of the high-voltage battery and the bidirectional DC/DC module
  • the control unit 12 of the high voltage battery is used to control the charging and discharging process of the high voltage battery 15 .
  • the control unit 14 of the low voltage battery is used to control the charging and discharging process of the low voltage battery 17 .
  • the logic control unit 13 of the bidirectional DC/DC module is used to control the bidirectional DC/DC module 16 so that the high voltage battery 15 charges the low voltage battery 17 or the low voltage battery 17 charges the high voltage battery 15 .
  • FIG. 1 is only an example for illustrating the high voltage battery 15 and the low voltage battery 17 .
  • the high-voltage battery 15 and the low-voltage battery 17 may also include more or less elements, or have different element configurations, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the high-voltage battery 15 and the low-voltage battery 17 in the embodiment of the present application can be lithium-ion batteries, lithium metal batteries, lead-acid batteries, nickel batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, lithium-air batteries or sodium-ion batteries, etc. It is not limited here.
  • the high-voltage battery 15 and the low-voltage battery 17 in the embodiment of the present application can be battery cells, or a battery module composed of multiple battery cells connected in series and/or parallel, or can be A battery pack composed of multiple battery modules connected in series and/or in parallel may also be a power supply device composed of multiple battery packs connected in parallel, which is not limited here.
  • the high-voltage battery 15 and the low-voltage battery 17 can be used in power devices such as automobiles and ships. For example, it can be applied to electric vehicles to supply power to the motors of electric vehicles as the power source of electric vehicles.
  • the battery can also supply power to other electrical devices in electric vehicles, such as in-car air conditioners and car players.
  • the hardware structure of the electric vehicle 10 shown in FIG. 1 is only an example, and the electric vehicle 10 may have more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, and two or more components may be combined. components, or may have different component configurations, the various components shown in the figures may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits.
  • control unit 14 of the low-voltage battery can be integrated with the logic control unit 13 of the bidirectional DC/DC module, and at the same time, the control unit 12 of the high-voltage battery can be integrated into the vehicle controller 11, that is, the high-voltage The charging and discharging process is controlled by the vehicle controller 11.
  • the logic control unit 13 of the bidirectional DC/DC module and the control unit 14 of the low-voltage battery can be integrated into the vehicle controller 11, while the charging and discharging process of the high-voltage battery 15 is still controlled by the high-voltage battery.
  • the control unit 12 controls.
  • control unit 12 of the high voltage battery, the logic control unit 13 of the bidirectional DC/DC module, and the control unit 14 of the low voltage battery can all be integrated into the vehicle controller 11 .
  • vehicle controller 11 the control unit 12 of the high voltage battery, the logic control unit 13 of the bidirectional DC/DC module, and the control unit 14 of the low voltage battery can be collectively referred to as the main control unit.
  • the main control unit can perform the functions of the vehicle controller 11, the control unit 12 of the high-voltage battery, the logic control unit 13 of the bidirectional DC/DC module, and the control unit 14 of the low-voltage battery, so as to calibrate the state of the low-voltage battery 17 , that is, to calibrate the health state value of the low-voltage battery 17 .
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a charging and discharging method for a battery system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery system includes a low-voltage battery and a high-voltage battery, and both the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery are used to connect with the load.
  • the charging and discharging method of the battery system includes the following steps:
  • Step 21 Obtain the first power when the load is working.
  • the first power is the actual power of the load when it is working, and may also be the power consumed by the load when it is working.
  • the load here mainly refers to a low-voltage load, that is, a load directly connected to a low-voltage battery, and can be directly powered by the low-voltage battery.
  • a low-voltage load that is, a load directly connected to a low-voltage battery, and can be directly powered by the low-voltage battery.
  • the voltage of the high-voltage battery must be stepped down before the load can be powered to prevent the load from being damaged due to overvoltage.
  • Step 22 Obtain the first SOC value of the low-voltage battery and the second SOC value of the high-voltage battery.
  • the SOC value is the ratio of the remaining power of the battery to the nominal capacity of the battery.
  • the SOC (state of charge, state of charge) value of the battery can be the ratio of the remaining charge of the battery to the nominal capacity of the battery, or the ratio of the remaining charge of the battery to the current nominal capacity of the battery. Ratio; the nominal capacity of the battery can be a preset fixed value (such as the value determined by the battery manufacturer when the battery leaves the factory), or it can be the sum of the remaining charge of the battery and the amount of electricity that the battery has discharged.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit how to determine the SOC of the battery, and any existing or future implementations of determining the SOC of the battery can be applied to one or more embodiments provided in the present disclosure.
  • the first SOC value is the SOC value of the low-voltage battery detected in real time
  • the second SOC value is the SOC value of the high-voltage battery detected in real time
  • Step 23 Control the charging and discharging process of the high voltage battery and the low voltage battery according to the first power, the first SOC value and the second SOC value.
  • the current states of the low-voltage battery and the high-voltage battery can be obtained in real time. Then, the charging and discharging process of the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery can be controlled according to the current state of the low-voltage battery and the high-voltage battery. life.
  • the battery that can meet the load requirement can be selected according to the current state of the low-voltage battery and the high-voltage battery. It can not only improve the stability of the load work, but also enable the performance of the low-voltage battery and the high-voltage battery to be more fully utilized, that is, it is beneficial to improve the available power of the low-voltage battery and the high-voltage battery.
  • the battery life of electric vehicles is stronger.
  • the specific implementation process of step 23 includes: if the maximum power output by the low-voltage battery is less than the first power, then controlling the high-voltage battery to discharge the load, or controlling the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery to discharge the load simultaneously.
  • the maximum output power of the low-voltage battery is the maximum power that the low-voltage battery can provide. If the maximum power output by the low-voltage battery is less than the first power required by the load, it means that the low-voltage battery cannot supply power to the load alone. At this time, it should be switched to use the high-voltage battery to power the load after being reduced, or use the high-voltage battery to power the load together with the low-voltage battery after the voltage is reduced. Thus, the load can obtain the voltage and current required for work, and the load can maintain normal operation, which is conducive to maintaining the stability of the load operation. Of course, it can also reduce the risk of low-voltage battery over-discharge to a certain extent.
  • the discharge process of the low voltage battery needs to be further controlled. Specifically, in one embodiment, if the acquired first SOC value of the low-voltage battery is not greater than the first SOC threshold, the low-voltage voltage is controlled to stop discharging the load.
  • the first SOC threshold may be set according to actual application conditions, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the first SOC value can be set as the SOC value corresponding to the cut-off voltage when the low-voltage battery is discharged, in other words, when the low-voltage battery is discharged to less than or equal to the cut-off voltage, it is determined that the low-voltage battery is in an over-discharge state .
  • the first SOC value of the low-voltage battery is found to be less than or equal to the first SOC threshold during the discharge process of the low-voltage battery, the output of electric energy by the low-voltage battery will be stopped immediately. Therefore, the risk of over-discharge of the low-voltage battery can be reduced, so as to protect the low-voltage battery and help prolong the service life of the low-voltage battery.
  • step 23 further includes: if the maximum power output by the low-voltage battery is not less than the first power, controlling the low-voltage battery to discharge the load. According to the first SOC value and the second SOC value, the charging and discharging process of the high voltage battery and the low voltage battery is controlled.
  • the discharge process of the battery can be mainly divided into three stages.
  • the first stage is a stage in which the voltage drops rapidly
  • the second stage is a stage in which the voltage changes slowly
  • the third stage is a stage in which the voltage is nearly discharged.
  • the low-voltage battery should supply power to the load to provide a more stable voltage for the load, which is conducive to improving the operating efficiency of the load. stability.
  • the low-voltage battery should be selected first, which is conducive to higher efficiency. Therefore, in this embodiment, when the maximum output power of the low-voltage battery is not less than the first power, the low-voltage battery is controlled to discharge the load, which is more efficient.
  • step 23 further includes: if the first SOC value is greater than the second SOC threshold and the first SOC value is not greater than the third SOC threshold, controlling the low-voltage battery to discharge the load.
  • both the second SOC threshold and the third SOC threshold can be set according to actual application conditions, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • any value in (0, 30%) can be used as the second SOC threshold, and any value in (70%, 100%) can be used as the third SOC threshold.
  • the second SOC threshold can be set as the SOC value corresponding to the cut-off voltage when the low-voltage battery is discharged
  • the third SOC threshold can be set as the SOC value corresponding to the maximum voltage when the low-voltage battery is charged.
  • the voltage of the low-voltage battery can also be boosted to charge the high-voltage battery, so that the high-voltage battery can maintain the power supply for the high-voltage load, so as to maintain the normal state of the high-voltage load.
  • step 23 further includes: if the first SOC value is not greater than the second SOC threshold and the second SOC value is greater than the fourth SOC threshold, controlling the high voltage battery to discharge the load. And controlling the high-voltage battery to charge the low-voltage battery until the SOC value of the low-voltage battery is the third SOC threshold.
  • the fourth SOC threshold may be set according to actual application conditions, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the second SOC threshold can be set to the SOC value corresponding to the cut-off voltage of the high-voltage battery when it is discharged. In other words, when it is detected in real time that the high-voltage battery is discharged until its second SOC value is less than or equal to the SOC value corresponding to the cut-off voltage, it is determined that the low-voltage battery is in an over-discharge state.
  • the high-voltage battery has sufficient power, which can be used to charge the battery or supply power to the load.
  • the electric energy of the low-voltage battery decreases, that is, the detected first SOC value of the low-voltage battery also decreases. Then, when the first SOC value decreases to less than or equal to the second SOC threshold, if the second SOC value of the high-voltage battery is greater than the fourth SOC threshold, that is, the high-voltage battery has relatively sufficient power.
  • the load from the low-voltage battery The power supply is switched to be powered by the high-voltage battery to maintain the normal operation of the load.
  • the high-voltage battery charges the low-voltage battery at the same time, so as to charge the SOC value of the low-voltage battery to the third SOC threshold, and then switch to the low-voltage battery as the load power again to improve efficiency.
  • step 23 further includes: if the first SOC value is not greater than the second SOC threshold, and the second SOC value is not greater than the fourth SOC threshold, outputting a prompt for charging the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery .
  • the low-voltage battery and the high-voltage battery should first stop outputting electric energy, and at the same time, a prompt for charging the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery should be output, so that the user can take corresponding measures in time.
  • the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery are charged by a charging device such as a charging pile.
  • the low-voltage battery and the high-voltage battery are insufficient, it can avoid the abnormal situation of over-discharge caused by the user's misuse of the low-voltage battery or high-voltage battery, so as to further reduce the risk of over-discharge of the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery, and extend the life of the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery. battery life.
  • the charging and discharging method of the battery system further includes: if a high voltage power down signal is received, controlling the low voltage battery to discharge the load.
  • the high-voltage power-off signal is a signal output when the high-voltage battery loses power. At this time, the high-voltage battery may no longer be able to supply power due to abnormalities such as battery loss. In this case, the voltage of the low-voltage battery can be boosted to temporarily supply power to the high-voltage load.
  • the battery system when the battery system is applied to an electric vehicle, it can keep the electric vehicle powered for a short time, so as to assist the user to drive the electric vehicle to avoid obstacles during operation, or drive the electric vehicle to run to a safe place and wait rescue. It not only brings convenience to users, but also improves the safety of electric vehicles.
  • the battery system further includes a bidirectional DC/DC module, and the bidirectional DC/DC module is respectively connected to the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery.
  • the structure of the battery system can refer to the above-mentioned specific description for FIG. 1 , which will not be repeated here. repeat.
  • the charging and discharging method of the battery system further includes: controlling the bidirectional DC/DC module, so that the high voltage battery charges the low voltage battery, or the low voltage battery charges the high voltage battery, or the high voltage battery discharges the load.
  • the power transmission process can be flexibly selected, so that the low-voltage battery and high-voltage battery can be kept in a better state, which is beneficial to prolong the service life of the low-voltage battery and high-voltage battery.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a charging and discharging method for a battery system provided in another embodiment of the present application.
  • the low-voltage load can be powered by the low-voltage battery alone, specifically by comparing whether the maximum power output by the low-voltage battery can match the first power required by the low-voltage load. If they can match, the low-voltage load can be powered by the low-voltage battery alone, otherwise the low-voltage load cannot be powered by the low-voltage battery alone.
  • the low-voltage load cannot be powered by the low-voltage battery alone, the high-voltage battery is used to power the low-voltage load after voltage reduction, or the low-voltage battery and the high-voltage battery are used to power the low-voltage load after voltage reduction. If the low-voltage load can be powered solely by the low-voltage battery, first use the low-voltage battery to power the low-voltage load, and obtain the first SOC value of the low-voltage battery and the second SOC value of the high-voltage battery. It can be understood that, during the discharge process of the low-voltage battery, if the first SOC value of the low-voltage battery is less than the first SOC threshold, the low-voltage battery is controlled to stop supplying power.
  • the low-voltage battery After using the low-voltage battery to supply power to the low-voltage load, if the first SOC value is greater than the second SOC value, and the first SOC value is less than or equal to the third SOC value, then the low-voltage battery is still kept to supply power to the low-voltage load. Until the first SOC value is not greater than the second SOC threshold, the low-voltage battery stops supplying power to the low-voltage load.
  • the second SOC value is greater than the fourth SOC threshold. If the second SOC value is greater than the fourth SOC value threshold, use the high-voltage battery to step down to supply power to the low-voltage load, and at the same time use the high-voltage battery to charge the low-voltage battery to charge the low-voltage battery until the SOC value of the low-voltage battery reaches the third SOC threshold. And if the second SOC value is less than or equal to the fourth SOC threshold, the power supply of the low-voltage battery and the high-voltage battery are both stopped, and a prompt for charging the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery is output.
  • detecting the first SOC value of the low-voltage battery and the second SOC value of the high-voltage battery can be implemented to determine the states of the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery. And according to the state of the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery, the charging and discharging process of the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery can be controlled, which can help to avoid the abnormal overcharging or over-discharging of the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery, thereby prolonging the service life of the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery .
  • the battery that can meet the load demand is selected, which can not only provide the load with the required voltage and current to maintain the stability of the load, but also enable the low-voltage battery and high-voltage battery.
  • the performance is brought into full play, and the usable power of the low-voltage battery and the high-voltage battery is improved.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a charging and discharging device for a battery system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery system includes a low-voltage battery and a high-voltage battery, wherein both the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery are used to connect to the load.
  • the charge and discharge device 400 of the battery system includes: a power acquisition unit 401 , an SOC value acquisition unit 402 and a charge and discharge control unit 403 .
  • the power acquisition unit 401 is configured to acquire the first power when the load is working.
  • the SOC value obtaining unit 402 is used to obtain the first SOC value of the low-voltage battery and the second SOC value of the high-voltage battery.
  • the charging and discharging control unit 403 is used for controlling the charging and discharging process of the high voltage battery and the low voltage battery according to the first power, the first SOC value and the second SOC value.
  • the above-mentioned product can execute the method provided by the embodiment of the present application shown in FIG. 2 , and has corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects for executing the method.
  • FIG. 2 For technical details not described in detail in this embodiment, refer to the method provided in the embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of a master control unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the main control unit 500 includes one or more processors 501 and a memory 502 .
  • one processor 501 is taken as an example in FIG. 5 .
  • the processor 501 and the memory 502 may be connected through a bus or in other ways, and connection through a bus is taken as an example in FIG. 5 .
  • the memory 502 as a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store non-volatile software programs, non-volatile computer-executable programs and modules, such as the charging and discharging method of the battery system in the embodiment of the present application.
  • program instructions/modules for example, each unit described in FIG. 4 .
  • the processor 501 executes various functional applications and data processing of the charging and discharging device of the battery system by running the non-volatile software programs, instructions and modules stored in the memory 502, that is, realizes the battery system in the above-mentioned method embodiments.
  • the charging and discharging method and the functions of each unit of the above-mentioned device embodiment can be used to store non-volatile software programs, non-volatile computer-executable programs and modules, such as the charging and discharging method of the battery system in the embodiment of the present application. program instructions/modules (for example, each unit described in FIG. 4 ).
  • the processor 501 executes various functional
  • the memory 502 may include a high-speed random access memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state storage devices.
  • the memory 502 may optionally include memory that is remotely located relative to the processor 501, and these remote memories may be connected to the processor 501 through a network. Examples of the aforementioned networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.
  • the program instructions/modules are stored in the memory 502, and when executed by the one or more processors 501, perform the charging and discharging method of the battery system in any of the above method embodiments, for example, execute the above-described diagram 2 and each step shown in Figure 3; also can realize the function of each unit described in Figure 4.
  • the main control unit includes a vehicle controller, a low-voltage battery control unit, a logic control unit of a bidirectional DC/DC module, and a high-voltage battery control unit.
  • the vehicle controller is used to control the low-voltage battery control unit, the logic control unit of the bidirectional DC/DC module and the high-voltage battery control unit, the low-voltage battery control unit is used to control the charging and discharging of the low-voltage battery, and the logic control unit of the bidirectional DC/DC module It is used to control the bidirectional DC/DC module, and the high-voltage battery control unit is used to control the charging and discharging of the high-voltage battery.
  • the main control unit reference may be made to the above specific description for FIG. 1 , and details are not repeated here.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a battery system, including a low-voltage battery, a high-voltage battery, a bidirectional DC/DC module, and the main control unit in any one of the above embodiments.
  • the main control unit is respectively connected with the low-voltage battery, the high-voltage battery and the bidirectional DC/DC module.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides an electric device, including a load and the battery system in any one of the above embodiments, where the battery system is used to supply power to the load.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a non-volatile computer storage medium, the computer storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, and the computer-executable instructions are executed by one or more processors, which can make the above-mentioned one or more processors
  • the charging and discharging method of the battery system in any of the above method embodiments may be implemented. For example, execute the various steps shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 described above; the functions of the various units described in FIG. 4 can also be realized.
  • the device or device embodiments described above are only illustrative, and the unit modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as modular units may or may not be physical units , which can be located in one place, or can be distributed to multiple network module units. Part or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
  • each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus a general hardware platform, and of course also by hardware.
  • the essence of the above technical solutions or the part that contributes to related technologies can be embodied in the form of software products, and the computer software products can be stored in computer-readable storage media, such as ROM/RAM, disk , optical disc, etc., including several instructions for a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

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  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供一种电池系统的充放电方法及装置、电池系统与电动车辆，其中，电池系统包括低压电池与高压电池，高压电池与低压电池均用于与负载连接。电池系统的充放电方法包括获取负载工作时的第一功率。获取低压电池的第一SOC值，以及高压电池的第二SOC值。根据第一功率、第一SOC值与第二SOC值，控制高压电池与低压电池的充放电过程。通过上述方式，能够降低高压电池与低压电池过放的风险，延长高压电池与低压电池的使用寿命。

Description

电池系统的充放电方法及装置、电池系统与电动车辆 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池系统的充放电方法及装置、电池系统与电动车辆。
背景技术
锂离子电池具有单体电压高、比能量大、循环寿命长等优点，因此锂离子电池被广泛应用于电动车辆、消费电子、储能系统等领域中。其中，在电动车辆中，锂离子电池通常包括低压电池与高压电池。
目前，在电动车辆中通常包括低压负载与高压负载。其中，低压负载可以由高压电池降压后进行供电，也可以由低压电池直接供电。并且，在现有技术中，通常采用竞争供电的输出方式以对低压负载供电，即根据高压电池降压后的电压与低压电池提供的电压进行比较，并从中选择电压较高者为低压负载供电。
然而，对于该种供电方式而言，高压电池与低压电池均存在过放而损坏的风险。
发明内容
本申请旨在提供一种电池系统的充放电方法及装置、电池系统与电动车辆，能够降低高压电池与低压电池过放的风险，延长高压电池与低压电池的使用寿命。
为实现上述目的，第一方面，本申请提供一种电池系统的充放电方 法，其中，电池系统包括低压电池与高压电池，其中，高压电池与低压电池均用于与负载连接。该方法包括：获取负载工作时的第一功率。获取低压电池的第一SOC值，以及高压电池的第二SOC值。根据第一功率、第一SOC值与第二SOC值，控制高压电池与低压电池的充放电过程。
一方面，通过实时检测低压电池的第一SOC值与高压电池的第二SOC值，能够实时获得低压电池与高压电池当前的状态，并根据低压电池与高压电池当前的状态控制高压电池与低压电池的充放电过程，可有助于避免高压电池与低压电池出现过充或过放的风险，从而可延长高压电池与低压电池的使用寿命。另一方面，还一并结合负载工作时所需的第一功率，则能够根据低压电池与高压电池当前的状态选择可满足负载需求的电池，从而既能够提高负载工作的稳定性，也能够使低压电池与高压电池的性能得到更为充分的发挥。当该电池系统应用于电动车辆时，则有利于提高低压电池与高压电池的可使用电量，以提高整车的续航能力。
在一种可选的方式中，根据第一功率、第一SOC值与第二SOC值，控制高压电池与低压电池的充放电过程，包括：若低压电池输出的最大功率小于第一功率，则控制高压电池对负载放电，或者，控制高压电池与低压电池同时对负载放电。
在低压电池输出的最大功率小于第一功率时，应切换为使高压电池为负载供电，或高压电池与低压电池同时为负载供电，以保证负载能够获得正常工作所需的电压与电流，有利于提高负载工作的稳定性。
在一种可选的方式中，当控制高压电池与低压电池同时对负载放电时，若第一SOC值不大于第一SOC阈值，则控制低压电池停止对负载放电。
在使用到低压电池进行放电时，只要检测到低压电池的第一SOC值小于第一SOC阈值，应控制低压电池停止放电，以降低低压电池出现过放 的风险，从而能够对低压电池起到保护作用，有利于延长低压电池的使用寿命。
在一种可选的方式中，根据第一功率、第一SOC值与第二SOC值，控制所高压电池与低压电池的充放电过程，包括：若低压电池输出的最大功率不小于第一功率，则控制低压电池对负载放电。根据第一SOC值与第二SOC值，控制高压电池与低压电池的充放电过程。
在低压电池输出的最大功率不小于第一功率时，低压电池能够满足负载的供电需求，则应由低压电池对负载进行供电。此时，低压电池可工作在平台区，低压电池的电压变化较为缓慢，即低压电池的电压处于较为稳定的状态，从而负载的工作也更加的稳定。
在一种可选的方式中，根据第一SOC值与第二SOC值，控制高压电池与低压电池的充放电过程，包括：若第一SOC值大于第二SOC阈值，且第一SOC值不大于第三SOC阈值，则控制低压电池对负载放电。
通过对第二SOC值与第三SOC值进行相应的设置，可在第一SOC值大于第二SOC值且不大于第三SOC值时，避免低压电池出现过放或过充的异常。在该种情况下，可使用低压电池为负载供电，整个供电过程的稳定性与效率均较高。此外，通过保持第一SOC值大于第二SOC值且不大于第三SOC值，可保持低压电池一直处于浅充浅放的状态，也有利于延长低压电池的使用寿命。
在一种可选的方式中，根据第一SOC值与第二SOC值，控制高压电池与低压电池的充放电过程，还包括：若第一SOC值不大于第二SOC阈值，且第二SOC值大于第四SOC阈值，则控制高压电池对负载放电。以及控制高压电池为低压电池充电，直至低压电池的SOC值为第三SOC阈值。
在第一SOC值小于或等于第二SOC阈值时，应停止低压电池的放电 过程，以避免低压电池出现过放异常。此时，若第二SOC值大于第四SOC阈值，则高压电池的电量充足，可使用高压电池为负载供电并为低压电池充电，既保证了负载的正常运行，又能够及时为低压电池充电，以待后续使用。
在一种可选的方式中，根据第一SOC值与第二SOC值，控制高压电池与低压电池的充放电过程，还包括：若第一SOC值不大于第二SOC阈值，且第二SOC值不大于第四SOC阈值，则输出对高压电池与低压电池充电的提示。
在该种情况下，低压电池与高压电池均存在过放的风险。此时，在停止低压电池与高压电池输出电能的同时，应输出对高压电池与低压电池充电的提示，以使用户能够及时采取相应的处理措施。从而，能够避免在低压电池与高压电池电量不足时，用户误使用低压电池或高压电池而导致其损坏的异常情况发生，以进一步降低高压电池与低压电池过放的风险，延长高压电池与低压电池的使用寿命。
在一种可选的方式中，方法还包括：若接收到高压掉电信号，则控制低压电池对负载放电。
在任意时刻，若接收到高压掉电信号，可通过低压电池为负载供电。若该电池系统应用于电动车辆中，此时，低压电池通过为负载供电，可使电动车辆在运行过程中避开障碍物或者是运行到安全地方等待救援，提高了电动车辆的安全性与便利性。
在一种可选的方式中，电池系统还包括双向DC/DC模块，双向DC/DC模块分别与高压电池以及低压电池连接，方法还包括：控制双向DC/DC模块，以使高压电池为低压电池充电，或使低压电池为高压电池充电，或使高压电池对负载放电。
通过设置双向DC/DC模块，可实现多个不同的电能传输过程，包括高压电池为低压电池充电、低压电池为高压电池充电、高压电池对负载放电。继而，可根据低压电池、高压电池及负载当前的状态，灵活选择电能传输过程，以使低压电池与高压电池保持一个较佳的状态，有利于延长低压电池与高压电池的使用寿命。
第二方面，本申请提供一种电池系统的充放电装置，其中，电池系统包括低压电池与高压电池，其中，高压电池与低压电池均用于与负载连接，装置包括：功率获取单元，用于获取所述负载工作时的第一功率。SOC值获取单元，用于获取低压电池的第一SOC值，以及高压电池的第二SOC值。充放电控制单元，用于根据第一功率、第一SOC值与第二SOC值，控制高压电池与低压电池的充放电过程。
第三方面，本申请提供一种主控单元，包括：存储器；以及耦接至存储器的处理器，处理器被配置为基于存储在存储器中的指令，执行如第一方面中的方法。
在一种可选的方式中，主控单元包括整车控制器、低压电池控制单元、双向DC/DC模块的逻辑控制单元与高压电池控制单元。整车控制器用于控制低压电池控制单元、双向DC/DC模块的逻辑控制单元与高压电池控制单元，低压电池控制单元用于控制低压电池的充放电，双向DC/DC模块的逻辑控制单元用于控制双向DC/DC模块，高压电池控制单元用于控制高压电池的充放电。
第四方面，本申请提供一种电池系统，包括：低压电池、高压电池、双向DC/DC模块以及如第三方面中的主控单元。主控单元分别与低压电池、高压电池以及双向DC/DC模块连接。
第五方面，本申请提供一种电动车辆，包括：如第四方面中的电池 系统。
第六方面，本申请提供一种计算机可读存储介质，包括：存储有计算机可执行指令，计算机可执行指令设置为如第一方面中的方法流程。
本申请的有益效果是：本申请所提供的电池系统的充放电方法中，首先获取负载工作时的第一功率、低压电池的第一SOC值以及高压电池的第二SOC值。继而，根据第一功率、第一SOC值与第二SOC值，控制高压电池与低压电池的充放电过程。其中，通过实时检测低压电池的第一SOC值与高压电池的第二SOC值，能够实时获得低压电池与高压电池当前的状态。接着，根据低压电池与高压电池当前的状态控制高压电池与低压电池的充放电过程，可有助于避免高压电池与低压电池出现过放的异常，从而能够延长高压电池与低压电池的使用寿命。同时，还进一步结合负载工作时所需的第一功率，则能够根据低压电池与高压电池当前的状态选择可满足负载需求的电池，既有利于提高负载工作的稳定性，也有利于使低压电池与高压电池的性能得到更为充分的发挥，从而提高低压电池与高压电池的续航能力。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请一实施例公开的电动车辆的结构示意图；
图2是本申请一实施例公开的电池系统的充放电方法的流程图；
图3是本申请另一实施例公开的电池系统的充放电方法的流程图；
图4是本申请一实施例公开的电池系统的充放电装置的结构示意图；
图5是本申请一实施例公开的主控单元的结构示意图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
锂离子电池具有单体电压高、比能量大、循环寿命长等优点，因此锂离子电池被广泛应用于电动车辆、消费电子、储能系统等领域中。其中，在电动车辆中，锂离子电池通常包括低压电池与高压电池。
目前，在电动车辆中通常包括低压负载与高压负载。其中，低压负载可以由高压电池降压后进行供电，也可以由低压电池直接供电。
本申请的发明人在实现本申请的过程中，发现：在相关技术中，当 需要为低压负载供电时，对于采用高压电池降压后进行供电与采用低压电池这两种方式而言，通常采用竞争供电的输出方式。具体为，将高压电池降压后与低压电池的电压进行比较，并从中选择电压较高者为低压负载供电。此外，在低压电池对外负载供电后，若低压电池电量不足，则需通过高压电池为低压电池充电。
然而，该种供电方式并未考虑到高压电池与低压电池实际情况，导致高压电池与低压电池存在过充或过放而损坏的风险。
基于此，申请人设计了一种电池系统的充放电方法，该方法通过根据负载工作时的第一功率、低压电池的第一荷电状态(State Of Charge,SOC)值与高压电池的第二SOC值，控制高压电池与低压电池的充放电过程。继而，可根据低压电池与高压电池当前的状态控制高压电池与低压电池的充放电过程，有助于避免高压电池与低压电池出现过充或过放的风险，从而能够延长高压电池与低压电池的使用寿命。同时，还能够根据低压电池与高压电池当前的状态选择可满足负载需求的电池，既可提高负载工作的稳定性，也可使低压电池与高压电池的性能得到更为充分的发挥。同时，当该电池系统应用于电动车辆时，则有利于提高低压电池与高压电池的可使用电量，以提高整车的续航能力。
本申请实施例提供一种使用低压电池与高压电池作为电源的用电设备，其中，低压电池与高压电池均包括至少一个电芯。用电设备可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请一实施例的一种用电设备为电动车辆10为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的电动车辆的结构示意图。该电动车辆10可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。电动车辆10的内部设置有电池系统，该电池系统包括整车控制器11、高压电池的控制单元 12、双向DC/DC模块的逻辑控制单元13、低压电池的控制单元14、高压电池15、双向DC/DC模块16与低压电池17。其中，双向DC/DC模块16连接于高压电池15与低压电池17之间，用于实现高压电池15与低压电池17之间的充放电过程。
其中，高压电池15与低压电池17均包括至少一个电芯，电芯用于充电或放电，且可以采用可循环再充电的方式反复充电。高压电池15通常指可提供48V以上电压的电池，低压电池17通常指可提供48V以内(包括48V)的电池。高压电池15可以用于车辆中高压负载的供电，低压电池17可用于车辆中低压负载的供电，例如，高压电池15可以作为车辆中空调的电源，低压电池17可以作为车辆中指示灯的电源。
整车控制器11通过通信线分别与高压电池的控制单元12、双向DC/DC模块的逻辑控制单元13、低压电池的控制单元14连接。整车控制器11可下发操作指令至高压电池的控制单元12、双向DC/DC模块的逻辑控制单元13、低压电池的控制单元14，或接收高压电池的控制单元12、双向DC/DC模块的逻辑控制单元13、低压电池的控制单元14所上传的指令。高压电池的控制单元12用于控制高压电池15的充放电过程。低压电池的控制单元14用于控制低压电池17的充放电过程。双向DC/DC模块的逻辑控制单元13用于控制双向DC/DC模块16，以使高压电池15为低压电池17充电，或使低压电池17为高压电池15充电。
需要说明的是，图1仅为举例说明高压电池15与低压电池17。在其他的实施例中，高压电池15与低压电池17也可以包括更多或更少的元件，或者具有不同的元件配置，本申请实施例对此不作限制。比如，本申请实施例中的高压电池15与低压电池17可以为锂离子电池、锂金属电池、铅酸电池、镍隔电池、镍氢电池、锂硫电池、锂空气电池或者钠离子电池等，在此不做限定。从规模而言，本申请实施例中的高压电池15与低压电池17可以为电芯单体，也可以是为由多个电芯单体串联和/或并联组成的电池模组，又可以是由多个电池模组串联和/或并联组成的电池包，还可以为由多个电池包并联组成的供电装置，在此不做限定。从应用场景而言，该高压电池15与低压电池17可应用于汽车、轮船等动力装置内。例 如，可以应用于动力汽车，以为动力汽车的电机供电，作为电动汽车的动力源。该电池还可为电动汽车中的其他用电器件供电，比如为车内空调、车载播放器等供电。
同时，如图1所示的电动车辆10的硬件结构仅是一个示例，并且，电动车辆10可以具有比图中所示出的更多的或者更少的部件，可以组合两个或更多的部件，或者可以具有不同的部件配置，图中所示出的各种部件可以在包括一个或多个信号处理和/或专用集成电路在内的硬件、软件、或硬件和软件的组合中实现。
例如，在一实施例中，可将低压电池的控制单元14与双向DC/DC模块的逻辑控制单元13集成，同时，将高压电池的控制单元12集成至整车控制器11，即高压电压15的充放电过程由整车控制器11控制。
又如，在另一实施例中，可将双向DC/DC模块的逻辑控制单元13、低压电池的控制单元14均集成至整车控制器11，而高压电池15的充放电过程仍由高压电池的控制单元12控制。
再如，在又一实施例中，还可将高压电池的控制单元12、双向DC/DC模块的逻辑控制单元13、低压电池的控制单元14均集成至整车控制器11。此时，整车控制器11、高压电池的控制单元12、双向DC/DC模块的逻辑控制单元13、低压电池的控制单元14可合并称之为主控单元。该主控单元能够执行整车控制器11、高压电池的控制单元12、双向DC/DC模块的逻辑控制单元13、低压电池的控制单元14的功能，以用于对低压电池17的状态进行校准，即校准低压电池17的健康状态值。
请参阅图2，图2为本申请实施例提供的电池系统的充放电方法的流程图。其中，电池系统包括低压电池与高压电池，高压电池与低压电池均用于与负载连接。该电池系统的充放电方法包括以下步骤：
步骤21：获取负载工作时的第一功率。
其中，第一功率即为负载在工作时的实际功率，也可以为负载工作时所需消耗的功率。
可以理解的是，在该实施例中，这里的负载主要指低压负载，即与低压电池直接连接的负载，可由低压电池直接供电。而若需要使用高压电 池，则需先将高压电池的电压进行降压，才可为该负载供电，以防止负载因过压而损坏。
步骤22：获取低压电池的第一SOC值，以及高压电池的第二SOC值。
其中，SOC值为电池剩余电量与电池标称容量的比值。本领域技术人员能够理解，电池的SOC(stateofcharge，荷电状态)值可以是电池的电荷余量与电池的标称容量的比值，还可以是电池的电荷余量与电池的当前标称容量的比值；电池的标称容量可以是预设的固定值(例如电池生产厂家在电池出厂时确定的值)，还可以是电池的电荷余量与电池已经放出电量之和。本公开实施例对于如何确定电池的SOC不作限定，任何现有的、将来的确定电池的SOC的实施方式均能够应用到本公开提供的一个或多个实施例。
第一SOC值为实时检测到的低压电池的SOC值，第二SOC值为实时检测到的高压电池的SOC值。
步骤23：根据第一功率、第一SOC值与第二SOC值，控制高压电池与低压电池的充放电过程。
其中，通过实时检测低压电池的第一SOC值与高压电池的第二SOC值，能够实时获得低压电池与高压电池当前的状态。继而，可根据低压电池与高压电池当前的状态控制高压电池与低压电池的充放电过程，有利于避免高压电池与低压电池出现过充或过放的风险，从而可延长高压电池与低压电池的使用寿命。
其次，通过进一步结合负载工作时所需的第一功率，则能够根据低压电池与高压电池当前的状态选择可满足负载需求的电池。既能够提高负载工作的稳定性，也能够使低压电池与高压电池的性能得到更为充分的发挥，即有利于提高提高低压电池与高压电池的可使用电量，当该电池系统应用于电动车辆时，电动车辆的续航能力更强。
可见，相对于相关技术中采用竞争供电的输出方式，本申请所提供的方案是一种更为合理的选择方式，在降低高压电池与低压电池过充或过放风险的同时，还可提高低压电池与高压电池供电的效率。
在一实施例中，步骤23的具体实现过程包括：若低压电池输出的 最大功率小于第一功率，则控制高压电池对负载放电，或者，控制高压电池与低压电池同时对所述负载放电。
其中，低压电池输出的最大功率即为低压电池所能够提供的最大功率。若低压电池输出的最大功率小于负载工作所需的第一功率，意味着低压电池不能够为负载单独供电。此时，应切换为使用高压电池在降低后为负载供电，或使用高压电池在降压后与低压电池一起为负载供电。从而，负载能够获得工作所需的电压与电流，负载得以维持正常工作，有利于保持负载工作的稳定性，当然，也能够在一定程度上降低低压电池过放的风险。
可理解，对于使用高压电池在降压后与低压电池一起为负载供电的方案而言，为了避免低压电池出现过放，则还需进一步对低压电池的放电过程进行控制。具体地，在一实施例中，若获取到低压电池的第一SOC值不大于第一SOC阈值，则控制低压电压停止对负载放电。
其中，第一SOC阈值可根据实际应用情况进行设置，本申请实施例对此不作具体限制。例如，在一实施例中，第一SOC值可设置为低压电池放电时的截止电压所对应的SOC值，换言之，当低压电池放电至小于或等于该截止电压时，确定低压电池处于过放状态。在该种情况下，只要在低压电池放电过程中，发现低压电池的第一SOC值已小于或等于第一SOC阈值，即立刻停止低压电池输出电能。从而，可降低低压电池出现过放的风险，以对低压电池起到保护作用，有利于延长低压电池的使用寿命。
在一实施例中，步骤23的具体实现过程还包括：若低压电池输出的最大功率不小于第一功率，则控制低压电池对负载放电。根据第一SOC值与第二SOC值，控制高压电池与所述低压电池的充放电过程。
由电池放电时的OCV-SOC曲线可知，电池的放电过程主要可分为三个阶段。第一个阶段是电压快速下降的阶段，第二个阶段是电压缓慢变化的阶段，第三个阶段是电压接近放完的阶段。其中，当电池处于第二个阶段时，电池工作在平台区，此时电池的电压较为稳定。所以，在电池的使用过程中，应尽可能保持电池工作在平台区。
从而，在低压电池输出的最大功率不小于第一功率时，低压电池能 够满足负载的供电需求，则应由低压电池对负载进行供电，以为负载提供更为稳定的电压，有利于提高负载工作的稳定性。
综上可知，在高压电池与低压电池均能够满足负载的供电需求时，应优先选择低压电池，有利于使效率更高。所以，在此实施例中，在低压电池输出的最大功率不小于第一功率时，则控制低压电池对负载放电，效率更高。
在另一实施例中，步骤23的具体实现过程还包括：若第一SOC值大于第二SOC阈值，且第一SOC值不大于第三SOC阈值，则控制低压电池对负载放电。
其中，第二SOC阈值与第三SOC阈值均可根据实际应用情况进行设置，本申请实施例对此不作具体限制。
例如，在一实施例中，可将(0，30％)中的任一数值作为第二SOC阈值，并将(70％，100％)中的任一数据作为第三SOC阈值。
又如，在另一实施例中，第二SOC阈值可设置为低压电池放电时的截止电压所对应的SOC值，第三SOC阈值可设置为低压电池充电时的最大电压所对应的SOC值。此时，在该实施例中，通过保持实时检测到的第一SOC值大于第二SOC值且不大于第三SOC值，可避免低压电池出现过放或过充的异常，换言之，即保持低压电池一直处于浅充浅放的状态，有利于低压电池的使用寿命。同时，在该种情况下，若使用低压电池为负载供电，则可使整个供电过程的稳定性与效率均较高。
当然，在该种情况下，若高压电池的电流不足，还可对低压电池的的电压进行升压后为高压电池充电，以使高压电池能够保持为高压负载的供电，以保持高压负载的正常工作。
在一实施中，步骤23的具体实现过程还包括：若第一SOC值不大于第二SOC阈值，且第二SOC值大于第四SOC阈值，则控制高压电池对负载放电。以及控制高压电池为低压电池充电，直至低压电池的SOC值为第三SOC阈值。
其中，第四SOC阈值可根据实际应用情况进行设置，本申请实施例对此不作具体限制。例如，在一实施例中，第二SOC阈值可设置为高压电 池放电时的截止电压所对应的SOC值。换言之，当实时检测到高压电池放电至其第二SOC值小于或等于该截止电压所对应的SOC值时，确定低压电池处于过放状态。反之，若实时检测到高压电池的第二SOC值大于截止电压所对应的SOC值，可确定高压电池的电量较为充足，既可用于为电池充电，也可用于为负载供电。
在此实施例中，随着低压电池为负载供电，低压电池的电能减小，即所检测到的低压电池的第一SOC值也在减小。继而，在第一SOC值减小至小于或等于第二SOC阈值时，若高压电池的第二SOC值大于第四SOC阈值，即高压电池具有较为充足的电量，一方面，从低压电池为负载供电切换为由高压电池为负载供电，以保持负载的正常运行。另一方面，高压电池同时为低压电池充电，以将低压电池的SOC值充电至第三SOC阈值，接着，又可再次切换为由低压电池为负载功率，以提供效率。
在一实施例中，步骤23的具体实现过程还包括：若第一SOC值不大于第二SOC阈值，且第二SOC值不大于第四SOC阈值，则输出对高压电池与低压电池充电的提示。
在低压电池的放电过程中，在低压电池的第一SOC值减小至小于或等于第二SOC阈值时，若高压电池的第二SOC值不大于第四SOC阈值，则高压电池与低压电池均存在过放的风险。此时，首先应停止低压电池与高压电池输出电能，同时应输出对高压电池与低压电池充电的提示，以使用户能够及时采取相应的处理措施。例如，通过充电桩等充电装置对高压电池与低压电池进行充电。从而，在低压电池与高压电池电量不足时，能够避免用户误使用低压电池或高压电池而导致其过放的异常情况发生，以进一步降低高压电池与低压电池过放的风险，延长高压电池与低压电池的使用寿命。
在一实施例中，该电池系统的充放电方法还包括：若接收到高压掉电信号，则控制低压电池对负载放电。
其中，高压掉电信号即高压电池掉电时所输出的信号，此时高压电池可能因为电池损耗等异常而无法再进行供电。在该种情况下，可通过对低压电池的电压进行升压，以短暂的为高压负载供电。
继而，当该电池系统应用于电动车辆时，能够使电动车辆保持短时的动力，以辅助用户可驱动电动车辆在运行过程中避开障碍物，或者是驱动电动车辆以运行到安全的地点等待救援。既为用户带来了便利性，也提升了电动车辆的安全性。
在一实施例中，电池系统还包括双向DC/DC模块，双向DC/DC模块分别与高压电池以及低压电池连接，这里，电池系统的结构则可以参考上述针对图1的具体描述，这里不再赘述。
该电池系统的充放电方法还包括：控制双向DC/DC模块，以使高压电池为低压电池充电，或使低压电池为所述高压电池充电，或使高压电池对负载放电。
通过设置双向DC/DC模块，可实现多个不同的电能传输过程，包括高压电池的电压降压后为低压电池充电、低压电池的电压升压后为高压电池充电、高压电池的电压降压后对负载放电。继而，可根据低压电池、高压电池及负载当前的状态，灵活选择电能传输过程，以使低压电池与高压电池能够保持在一个较佳的状态，有利于延长低压电池与高压电池的使用寿命。
在一实施例中，请参照图3，图3为本申请另一实施例提供的电池系统的充放电方法的流程图。
如图3所示，首先，判断低压负载是否能由低压电池单独供电，具体可通过比较低压电池输出的最大功率是否能够与低压负载所需的第一功率匹配。若能够匹配，则低压负载可由低压电池单独供电，反之则低压负载无法由低压电池单独供电。
继而，若低压负载无法由低压电池单独供电，则使用高压电池在降压后为低压负载供电，或者使用低压电池以及高压电池在降压后一起为低压负载供电。若低压负载可由低压电池单独供电，则首先使用低压电池为低压负载供电，并获取低压电池的第一SOC值与高压电池的第二SOC值。可理解，在低压电池的放电过程中，若低压电池的第一SOC值小于第一SOC阈值，则控制低压电池停止供电。
接着，在使用低压电池为低压负载供电之后，若第一SOC值大于第 二SOC值，且第一SOC值小于或等于第三SOC值，则仍保持低压电池为低压负载供电。直至，第一SOC值不大于第二SOC阈值，停止低压电池为低压负载供电。
在该种情况下，则进一步判断第二SOC值是否大于第四SOC阈值。若第二SOC值大于第四SOC值阈值，采用高压电池降压后为低压负载供电，同时采用高压电池降压后为低压电池充电，以将低压电池充电至低压电池的SOC值为第三SOC阈值。而若第二SOC值小于或等于第四SOC阈值，则低压电池与高压电池的供电均停止，并输出对高压电池与低压电池充电的提示。
在此实施例中，能够实施检测低压电池的第一SOC值与高压电池的第二SOC值，以确定高压电池与低压电池的状态。并根据高压电池与低压电池的状态控制高压电池与低压电池的充放电过程，可有助于避免高压电池与低压电池出现过充或过放的异常，从而可延长高压电池与低压电池的使用寿命。同时，还根据低压电池与高压电池当前的状态选择可满足负载需求的电池，既能够为负载提供工作所需的电压与电流，以保持负载工作的稳定性，也能够使低压电池与高压电池的性能得到更为充分的发挥，提高了低压电池与高压电池的可使用电量。
请参见图4，其示出了本申请实施例提供的一种电池系统的充放电装置的结构示意图。其中，电池系统包括低压电池与高压电池，其中，高压电池与低压电池均用于与负载连接。电池系统的充放电装置400包括：功率获取单元401、SOC值获取单元402及充放电控制单元403。
功率获取单元401用于获取负载工作时的第一功率。
SOC值获取单元402用于获取低压电池的第一SOC值，以及高压电池的第二SOC值。
充放电控制单元403用于根据第一功率、第一SOC值与第二SOC值，控制高压电池与低压电池的充放电过程。
上述产品可执行图2所示的本申请实施例所提供的方法，具备执行方法相应的功能模块和有益效果。未在本实施例中详尽描述的技术细节，可参见本申请实施例所提供的方法。
请参见图5，其示出本申请实施例提供一种主控单元的结构示意图。如图5所示，主控单元500包括一个或多个处理器501以及存储器502。其中，图5中以一个处理器501为例。
处理器501和存储器502可以通过总线或者其他方式连接，图5中以通过总线连接为例。
存储器502作为一种非易失性计算机可读存储介质，可用于存储非易失性软件程序、非易失性计算机可执行程序以及模块，如本申请实施例中的电池系统的充放电方法对应的程序指令/模块(例如，附图4所述的各个单元)。处理器501通过运行存储在存储器502中的非易失性软件程序、指令以及模块，从而执行电池系统的充放电装置的各种功能应用以及数据处理，即实现上述方法实施例中的电池系统的充放电方法以及上述装置实施例的各个单元的功能。
存储器502可以包括高速随机存取存储器，还可以包括非易失性存储器，例如至少一个磁盘存储器件、闪存器件、或其他非易失性固态存储器件。在一些实施例中，存储器502可选包括相对于处理器501远程设置的存储器，这些远程存储器可以通过网络连接至处理器501。上述网络的实例包括但不限于互联网、企业内部网、局域网、移动通信网及其组合。
所述程序指令/模块存储在所述存储器502中，当被所述一个或者多个处理器501执行时，执行上述任意方法实施例中的电池系统的充放电方法，例如，执行以上描述的图2和图3所示的各个步骤；也可实现附图4所述的各个单元的功能。
在一实施例中，该主控单元包括整车控制器、低压电池控制单元、双向DC/DC模块的逻辑控制单元与高压电池控制单元。其中，整车控制器用于控制低压电池控制单元、双向DC/DC模块的逻辑控制单元与高压电池控制单元，低压电池控制单元用于控制低压电池的充放电，双向DC/DC模块的逻辑控制单元用于控制双向DC/DC模块，高压电池控制单元用于控制高压电池的充放电。这里，主控单元的结构则可以参考上述针对图1的具体描述，这里不再赘述。
本申请实施例还提供一种电池系统，包括低压电池、高压电池、 双向DC/DC模块以及如上任一实施例中的主控单元。其中，主控单元分别与低压电池、高压电池以及双向DC/DC模块连接。
本申请实施例还提供一种用电设备，包括负载以及上述任一实施例中的电池系统，电池系统用于为负载供电。
本申请实施例还提供了一种非易失性计算机存储介质，计算机存储介质存储有计算机可执行指令，该计算机可执行指令被一个或多个处理器执行，可使得上述一个或多个处理器可执行上述任意方法实施例中的电池系统的充放电方法。例如，执行以上描述的图2和图3所示的各个步骤；也可实现附图4所述的各个单元的功能。
以上所描述的装置或设备实施例仅仅是示意性的，其中所述作为分离部件说明的单元模块可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为模块单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络模块单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部模块来实现本实施例方案的目的。
通过以上的实施方式的描述，本领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到各实施方式可借助软件加通用硬件平台的方式来实现，当然也可以通过硬件。基于这样的理解，上述技术方案本质上或者说对相关技术做出贡献的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，如ROM/RAM、磁碟、光盘等，包括若干指令用于一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行各个实施例或者实施例的某些部分所述的方法。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种电池系统的充放电方法，其中，所述电池系统包括低压电池与高压电池，其中，所述高压电池与所述低压电池均用于与负载连接，所述方法包括：
    获取所述负载工作时的第一功率；
    获取所述低压电池的第一SOC值，以及所述高压电池的第二SOC值；
    根据所述第一功率、所述第一SOC值与所述第二SOC值，控制所述高压电池与所述低压电池的充放电过程。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述根据所述第一功率、所述第一SOC值与所述第二SOC值，控制所述高压电池与所述低压电池的充放电过程，包括：
    若所述低压电池输出的最大功率小于所述第一功率，则控制所述高压电池对所述负载放电，或者，控制所述高压电池与所述低压电池同时对所述负载放电。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，当控制所述高压电池与所述低压电池同时对所述负载放电时，若所述第一SOC值不大于第一SOC阈值，则控制所述低压电池停止对所述负载放电。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述根据所述第一功率、所述第一SOC值与所述第二SOC值，控制所述高压电池与所述低压电池的充放电过程，包括：
    若所述低压电池输出的最大功率不小于所述第一功率，则控制所述低压电池对所述负载放电；
    根据所述第一SOC值与所述第二SOC值，控制所述高压电池与所述低压电池的充放电过程。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中，所述根据所述第一SOC值与所述第二SOC值，控制所述高压电池与所述低压电池的充放电过程，包括：
    若所述第一SOC值大于第二SOC阈值，且所述第一SOC值不大于第三SOC阈值，则控制所述低压电池对所述负载放电。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中，所述根据所述第一SOC值与所述第二SOC值，控制所述高压电池与所述低压电池的充放电过程，还包括：
    若所述第一SOC值不大于所述第二SOC阈值，且所述第二SOC值大于第四SOC阈值，则控制所述高压电池对所述负载放电；
    以及控制所述高压电池为所述低压电池充电，直至所述低压电池的SOC值为所述第三SOC阈值。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中，所述根据所述第一SOC值与所述第二SOC值，控制所述高压电池与所述低压电池的充放电过程，还包括：
    若所述第一SOC值不大于所述第二SOC阈值，且所述第二SOC值不大于所述第四SOC阈值，则输出对所述高压电池与所述低压电池充电的提示。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括：
    若接收到高压掉电信号，则控制所述低压电池对所述负载放电。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任意一项所述的方法，其中，所述电池系统还包括双向DC/DC模块，所述双向DC/DC模块分别与所述高压电池以及所述低压电池连接，所述方法还包括：
    控制所述双向DC/DC模块，以使所述高压电池为所述低压电池充电，或使所述低压电池为所述高压电池充电，或使所述高压电池对所述负载放电。
  10. 一种电池系统的充放电装置，其中，所述电池系统包括低压电池与高压电池，其中，所述高压电池与所述低压电池均用于与负载连接，所述装置包括：
    功率获取单元，用于获取所述负载工作时的第一功率；
    SOC值获取单元，用于获取所述低压电池的第一SOC值，以及所述高压电池的第二SOC值；
    充放电控制单元，用于根据所述第一功率、所述第一SOC值与所述第二SOC值，控制所述高压电池与所述低压电池的充放电过程。
  11. 一种主控单元，包括：
    存储器；以及耦接至所述存储器的处理器，所述处理器被配置为基于存储在所述存储器中的指令，执行如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的主控单元，其中，所述主控单元包括整车控制器、低压电池控制单元、双向DC/DC模块的逻辑控制单元与高压电池控制单元；
    所述整车控制器用于控制所述低压电池控制单元、所述双向DC/DC模块的逻辑控制单元与所述高压电池控制单元，所述低压电池控制单元用于控制所述低压电池的充放电，所述双向DC/DC模块的逻辑控制单元用于控制所述双向DC/DC模块，所述高压电池控制单元用于控制所述高压电池的充放电。
  13. 一种电池系统，包括：低压电池、高压电池、双向DC/DC模块以及如权利要求11或12所述的主控单元；
    所述主控单元分别与所述低压电池、所述高压电池以及所述双向DC/DC模块连接。
  14. 一种电动车辆，包括：负载以及如权利要求13所述的电池系统，所述电池系统用于为所述负载供电。
  15. 一种计算机可读存储介质，包括：存储有计算机可执行指令，所述计算机可执行指令设置为如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法流程。
PCT/CN2021/142094 2021-12-28 2021-12-28 电池系统的充放电方法及装置、电池系统与电动车辆 WO2023122960A1 (zh)

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