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  • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
  • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
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  • C04B41/5025—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with ceramic materials
  • C04B41/5031—Alumina
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  • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
  • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
  • C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
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  • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
  • C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
  • C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
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  • C04B35/44—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminates
  • C04B35/443—Magnesium aluminate spinel
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  • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
  • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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  • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
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  • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
  • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
  • C04B41/4505—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application
  • C04B41/4535—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application applied as a solution, emulsion, dispersion or suspension
  • C04B41/4539—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application applied as a solution, emulsion, dispersion or suspension as a emulsion, dispersion or suspension
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  • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
  • C04B41/4505—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application
  • C04B41/4535—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application applied as a solution, emulsion, dispersion or suspension
  • C04B41/4543—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application applied as a solution, emulsion, dispersion or suspension by spraying, e.g. by atomising
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  • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
  • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
  • C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
  • C04B41/5025—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with ceramic materials
  • C04B41/5031—Alumina
  • C04B41/5032—Aluminates
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  • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
  • C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
  • C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
  • C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
  • C04B41/87—Ceramics
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
  • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
  • H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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  • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
  • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
  • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
  • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
  • C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
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  • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
  • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
  • C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
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  • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
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  • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
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  • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
  • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
  • C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
  • C04B2235/3244—Zirconium oxides, zirconates, hafnium oxides, hafnates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
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  • C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
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  • C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
  • C04B2235/76—Crystal structural characteristics, e.g. symmetry
  • C04B2235/762—Cubic symmetry, e.g. beta-SiC
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  • C04B2235/9669—Resistance against chemicals, e.g. against molten glass or molten salts
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

• TITLE Container coated with spinel MgAhO and corundum coating
• the present invention relates to a container whose surface of the interior walls is at least partially covered, preferably for more than 80%, with a coating and to the use of said container for the manufacture of an oxide powder comprising lithium, in particular an oxide of a metal or of several lithiated transition metals.
• lithium-ion batteries comprise a part, generally the cathode, of an oxide comprising lithium, in particular an oxide of a metal or of several lithiated transition metals, in particular LiFePO 4 (or LPF), LiMn 2 O 4 (or LMO), or a lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide (or Li-NMC).
• an oxide comprising lithium in particular an oxide of a metal or of several lithiated transition metals, in particular LiFePO 4 (or LPF), LiMn 2 O 4 (or LMO), or a lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide (or Li-NMC).
• the cathode is generally manufactured by shaping a powder of said oxide of a metal or of several lithiated transition metals.
• An object of the invention is to meet, at least partially, this need.
• this object is achieved by means of a container, the surface of the interior walls of said container being partially covered, preferably for more than 80%, and preferably on all of said interior walls, with a coating having the following crystallized phases, in percentage by mass based on the total mass of the crystallized phases:
• the coated container according to the invention exhibited lower degradation during its use, which allows a longer service life, and in particular a greater number of cycles for manufacturing oxide powder of a metal or of several lithiated transition metals.
• the coating has, in percentage by mass on the basis of the crystallized phases, a spinel content greater than 30%, preferably greater than 35% and/or less than 55%, preferably less than 50%;
• the container comprises more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, preferably more than 99%, by mass, of oxide(s), carbide(s), nitride(s), oxynitride(s) ), boride(s), and mixtures thereof;
• the coating has a thickness greater than 50 ⁇ m, preferably greater than 100 ⁇ m, preferably greater than 200 ⁇ m, preferably greater than 300 ⁇ m and less than 2000 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1500 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1000 ⁇ m , preferably less than 800 ⁇ m;
• the surface of the covered inner walls includes the bottom of said container and the part of the sides in contact with said bottom;
• the surface of the interior walls is covered for more than 85%, preferably for more than 90%, preferably for more than 95%; the coating extends over substantially the entire surface of the interior walls of said container;
• the container contains more than 90%, preferably more than 95% by mass, of oxide(s),
• the container comprises Al 2 O 3 , MgO, ZrO 2 , SiO 2 , Y 2 O 3 , and their mixtures;
• the container has a content of Al 2 O 3 +MgO+ZrO 2 +SiO 2 +Y 2 O 3 greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, in percentage by mass based on the oxides;
• the container has an Al 2 O 3 content greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, in percentage by mass on the basis of the oxides;
• the container has a SiO 2 content of greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, in percentage by mass on the basis of the oxides;
• the container has a content of Al 2 O 3 + MgO greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, in percentage by mass on the basis of the oxides;
• the container has a content of Al 2 O 3 + Y 2 O 3 greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, in percentage by mass on the basis of the oxides; - the container has a content of Al 2 O 3 + MgO + SiO 2 greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, in percentage by mass on the basis of the oxides;
• the container has a content of Al 2 O 3 + ZrO 2 + SiO 2 greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, in percentage by mass on the basis of the oxides;
• the container has a content of Al 2 O 3 + ZrO 2 greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, in percentage by mass on the basis of the oxides;
• the container has a content of Al 2 O 3 + SiO 2 greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, in percentage by mass on the basis of the oxides;
• the container comprises more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, in percentages by mass on the basis of the mass of the crystallized phases, of corundum, of MgAI 2 O 4 spinel, of cordierite, of mullite, of zirconia, optionally stabilized, periclase, and mixtures thereof;
• the container comprises more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, in percentages by mass, in total and on the basis of the mass of the crystallized phases, of corundum or mullite or of a mixture of corundum and cordierite or a mixture of corundum and mullite or a mixture of corundum and spinel MgAl 2 O 4 or a mixture of corundum and cordierite and spinel, or a mixture of corundum and zirconia or a mixture of corundum and mullite and zirconia or a mixture of cordierite and mullite;
• the container comprises more than 90%, preferably more than 95% by mass, of carbide(s), nitride(s), oxynitride(s), borides and mixtures thereof;
• the container comprises more than 90%, preferably more than 95% by mass, preferably of carbide(s), of nitride(s), of SiAION and mixtures thereof;
• the container comprises more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, by mass, of silicon carbide, silicon nitride, SiAION, and mixtures thereof. ;
• the container comprises more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, by mass, of a mixture of silicon carbide and silicon nitride;
• the container has a perimeter chosen from a polygon, a circle or an ellipse
• the container has a bottom and at least one side, preferably having an average thickness of less than 20 mm and greater than 2 mm;
• the container has a volume greater than 0.1 liter and less than 25 liters.
• the invention also relates to the use of a coated container according to the invention for the manufacture of an oxide powder comprising lithium, in particular an oxide of a metal or of several lithiated transition metals. Definitions
• ceramic we mean a product that is neither metallic nor organic. In the context of the present invention, carbon is considered a ceramic product.
• coating we mean a layer of material(s) of a different nature from the support that is the container.
• a corundum precursor of a crystallized oxide is meant one or more materials, which will lead, after heat treatment at a temperature above 1100°C, preferably in air, to said crystallized oxide.
• a corundum precursor can be a transition alumina or a boehmite or an aluminum tri-hydroxide.
• the chemical formulas of the simple oxides are used to designate the contents of these oxides in a composition.
• “MgO” or “AI 2 O 3” designate the contents of these simple oxides in the composition considered
• “magnesia” and “alumina” are used to designate the actual presence of the phases of these oxides consisting of MgO and Al 2 O 3 , respectively.
• corundum is meant conventionally an alumina in the rhombohedral crystallographic form.
• SiAION is an oxynitride compound of at least the elements Si, Al and N, in particular of a compound respecting one of the following formulas:
• - x is greater than or equal to 0, greater than 0.05, greater than 0.1 or greater than 0.2, and less than or equal to 1, less than or equal to 0.8 or less than or equal to 0.4,
• - y is greater than or equal to 0, or greater than 0.1, greater than 0.3 or greater than 0.5, and less than or equal to 1, u is greater than 0, greater than 0.1 or greater than 0 ,2, and less than or equal to 1 or less than or equal to 0.7,
• - v is greater than 0, greater than 0.1, greater than 0.2 or greater than 0.5, or greater than 0.7, and less than or equal to 1, x+y > 0, x, y, u and v being stoichiometric indices and normalized with respect to the one which is the highest, made equal to 1;
• Me x Sii2-(m+n)Al(m+n)O n Ni6-n with 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, Me a cation chosen from lanthanide cations, Fe, Y, Ca, Li and their mixtures, 0 ⁇ m ⁇ 12, 0 ⁇ n ⁇ 12 and 0 ⁇ n+m ⁇ 12, generally called "a'-SiAION" or "SiAION-a'"
• oxide contents are mass percentages based on the oxides.
• a mass content of an oxide of a metallic element is refers to the total content of this element expressed in the form of the most stable oxide, according to the usual industry convention.
• the container is preferably ceramic.
• the container comprises more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5%, by mass, of oxide(s), of carbide(s), nitride(s), oxynitride(s), boride(s), and mixtures thereof.
• the container comprises more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5%, by mass: of oxide(s), or
• the container comprises more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5%, by mass of oxide(s).
• said oxide(s) are chosen from or comprise Al 2 O 3 , MgO, ZrO 2 , SiO 2 , Y 2 O 3 , and mixtures thereof.
• the container has a content of Al 2 O 3 +MgO+ZrO 2 +SiO 2 +Y 2 O 3 greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, preferably greater than 98%, in percentage by mass on the basis of oxides.
• the container has a content of Al 2 O 3 +MgO+ZrO 2 +SiO 2 greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, preferably greater than 98%, in percentage by mass based on the oxides.
• the container has a content of Al 2 O 3 +MgO+SiO 2 greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, preferably greater than 98%, in percentage by mass on the basis of the oxides.
• the container has an Al 2 O 3 content greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, preferably greater than 98%, preferably greater than 99%, in percentage by mass based on oxides.
• the container has a SiO 2 content greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, preferably greater than 98%, preferably greater than 99%, in percentage by mass on the basis of oxides.
• the container has an Al 2 O 3 + MgO content greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, preferably greater than 98%, preferably greater than 99%, in mass percentage based on oxides.
• the container has an Al 2 O 3 + Y 2 O 3 content greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, preferably greater than 98%, preferably greater than 99 %, in percentage by mass on the basis of the oxides.
• the container has a content of Al 2 O 3 + MgO + SiO 2 greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, preferably greater than 98%, preferably greater than 99 %, in percentage by mass on the basis of the oxides.
• the container has a content of Al 2 O 3 + ZrO 2 + SiO 2 greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, preferably greater than 98%, preferably greater than 99%, in percentage by mass on the basis of the oxides.
• the container has an Al 2 O 3 + ZrO 2 content greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, preferably greater than 98%, preferably greater than 99%, in percentage by mass on the basis of the oxides.
• the container has an Al 2 O 3 + SiO 2 content greater than 90%, preferably greater than 95%, preferably greater than 98%, preferably greater than 99%, in percentage by mass on the basis of the oxides.
• the container comprises more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, in total, in percentages by mass based on the mass of the crystallized phases, of corundum, of spinel MgAl 2 O 4 , of cordierite, of mullite , zirconia, optionally stabilized, periclase, and mixtures thereof. More preferably, the container comprises more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5%, in total, in mass percentages based on the mass of crystallized phases, corundum, MgA 2 C spinel, cordierite, mullite, zirconia, optionally stabilized, and mixtures thereof.
• the container comprises more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, in percentages by mass based on the mass of the crystallized phases, of corundum or mullite or of a mixture of corundum and cordierite or a mixture of corundum and mullite or a mixture of corundum and spinel MgAl 2 C>4 or a mixture of corundum and cordierite and spinel, or a mixture of corundum and zirconia or a mixture of corundum and mullite and zirconia or a mixture of cordierite and mullite.
• the container comprises more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, preferably more than 99%, preferably more than 99.5%, of carbide(s), nitride(s), oxynitride(s), borides and mixtures thereof, preferably carbide(s), nitride(s), oxynitride(s) and mixtures thereof, preferably carbide(s), nitride(s) , SiAION and mixtures thereof.
• the container comprises more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, by mass, of silicon carbide, silicon nitride, SiAION, and their mixtures.
• the container comprises more than 90% silicon carbide and the remainder comprises metallic silicon.
• the container comprises more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, by mass, of silicon carbide, silicon nitride, and mixtures thereof.
• the container comprises more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, by mass, of silicon carbide.
• the container comprises more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, preferably more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, by mass, of a mixture of silicon and silicon nitride, preferably, the mass ratio of the amount of silicon carbide to the amount of silicon nitride being greater than 1, preferably greater than 2 and less than 10, preferably less than 8, preferably less than 6.
• the container comprises more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, in total, in percentages by mass based on the mass of the crystallized phases: corundum, MgALC spinel, cordierite, mullite, zirconia, optionally stabilized, periclase, and mixtures thereof, preferably corundum, MgALC spinel, cordierite, mullite, zirconia, optionally stabilized, and mixtures thereof , preferably corundum, spinel, cordierite and mixtures thereof, or silicon carbide, silicon nitride, and mixtures thereof.
• the container can have any shape.
• the perimeter of said container according to the invention can be chosen from a polygon, in particular a rectangle and a square, a circle or an ellipse.
• the container according to the invention comprises a bottom and at least one side, preferably having an average thickness, preferably less than 20 mm, preferably less than 15 mm, or even less than 10 mm, or/or preferably greater than 2 mm, preferably greater than 4 mm, preferably greater than 5 mm.
• the bottom of said container has a greater thickness than that of its side, preferably 10% greater, preferably 20% greater, preferably 30% greater.
• the bottom and the side of said container have a thickness difference of less than 10%, preferably less than 5%.
• the bottom of said container has a thickness substantially identical to that of its side.
• the thickness of the walls is not constant.
• the thickness of the sides is greater on the container bottom side.
• the part of the sides located in contact with the bottom of the container has a thickness 10% greater than the thickness of the part of the sides located opposite the bottom of the container.
• the container has a length, that is to say a greater length of less than 500 mm, preferably less than 400 mm, or/or preferably greater than 100 mm, preferably greater than 200 mm, and a width, that is to say the smallest dimension measured perpendicular to the length, less than 500 mm, preferably less than 400 mm, or/or preferably greater than 100 mm, preferably greater than 200 mm .
• the angle between the bottom of the container and said at least one side is equal to 90°. In one embodiment said angle is greater than 90° and less than 100°.
• the container has a diameter of less than 500 mm, preferably less than 400 mm, or/or preferably greater than 100 mm, preferably greater than 200 mm.
• the container has a volume greater than 0.1 liter, preferably greater than 1 liter, preferably greater than 2 liters, preferably greater than 3 liters and/or preferably less than 25 liters, preferably less than 20 liters, preferably less than 15 liters.
• the bottom and sides of the container form a monolithic whole.
• said bottom and sides are one and the same piece, the connection between the bottom and the sides comprising a radius, preferably greater than 5 mm, preferably greater than 10 mm, preferably greater than 20 mm.
• the container is an assembly of different parts, for example plates, the connection between said different parts being able in particular to be made using a mortise and tenon type joint, and/or an assembly in hanger, and/or embedding (using in particular notches or grooves), and/or ceramic dowels, and/or ceramic screws and/or ceramic rivets, and/or ceramic keys.
• the coating has the following crystallized phases, in percentage by mass based on the crystallized phases:
• the crystallized phases present in the coating can conventionally be revealed by X-ray diffraction on said coating.
• the acquisition of the diffraction diagram is carried out with a device of the D8 Endeavor type from the company Bruker, over an angular range 20 of between 5° and 80°, with a step of 0.01°, and a counting time of 0 .34 s/step.
• the front optic has a 0.30 primary slit and a 2.5° Soller slit.
• the sample is rotating on itself at a speed equal to 5 rpm, with use of the automatic knife.
• the rear optics have a 2.5° Soller slit, a 0.0125 mm nickel filter and a 1 D detector with an aperture equal to 4°.
• the diffraction patterns are then qualitatively analyzed using EVA software and the ICDD2016 database.
• the diffraction diagrams are quantitatively analyzed with the High Score Plus software by Rietveld refinement according to the following strategy: - A refinement of the background signal is carried out using the “treatment”, “determine background” function with the following choices: “bending factor” equal to 1 and “granularity” equal to 40;
• the inventors have demonstrated that such a coating makes it possible to increase the service life of the container during the manufacture of an oxide powder comprising lithium, in particular an oxide of a metal or of several transition metals lithiated.
• the inventors have also demonstrated that a coating having a spinel MgAl 2 O 4 content greater than 60% exhibited cracking and/or detachment of the surface of the container during the rise to the temperature of use which did not allow not the container with such a coating to have an improved life.
• a coated container comprising a coating having a spinel MgAl 2 O 4 content of less than 10% does not have an improved service life.
• the coating has a content of spinel MgAl 2 O 4 greater than 30%, preferably greater than 35%, and preferably less than 55%, preferably less than 50%, in percentage by mass on the basis of the phases crystallized.
• the coating has a content of crystallized phases other than spinel MgAl 2 O 4 and corundum of less than 8%, preferably less than 5%, as a percentage by weight based on the crystallized phases.
• the coating has a substantially zero content of crystallized phases other than spinel MgAl 2 O 4 and corundum.
• the coating has a quantity of amorphous phases of less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, preferably substantially zero.
• the coating has the following chemical composition, in percentage by mass on the basis of the oxides:
• - MgO > 2.8%, preferably > 4%, preferably > 5.5%, preferably > 7%, preferably > 8.5%, and preferably ⁇ 16.9%, preferably ⁇ 15 .5%, preferably ⁇ 14%, and/or - Al 2 O 3 : > 73.1%, preferably > 75%, preferably > 78%, preferably > 80%, preferably > 83%, and preferably ⁇ 97%, preferably ⁇ 95%, of preference ⁇ 92%, preference ⁇ 90%, and/or
• Oxides other than MgO and Al 2 O 3 ⁇ 10%, preferably ⁇ 8%, preferably ⁇ 6%, preferably ⁇ 5%, preferably ⁇ 3%, preferably ⁇ 1%, preferably ⁇ 0, 5%.
• the coating consists for more than 90%, preferably for more than 95%, preferably for more than 98%, preferably for more than 99%, preferably for more than 99.5% by mass of oxides.
• the coating consists essentially of oxides.
• the thickness of said coating is preferably greater than 50 ⁇ m, preferably greater than 100 ⁇ m, preferably greater than 200 ⁇ m, preferably greater than 300 ⁇ m, or even greater than 400 ⁇ m, or even greater than 500 ⁇ m, or even greater than 600 ⁇ m. ⁇ m and/or preferably less than 2000 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1500 ⁇ m, preferably less than 1000 ⁇ m, preferably less than 800 ⁇ m.
• the surface of the covered inner walls comprises the bottom of the container and the part of the sides in contact with said bottom.
• the coating extends over the inner lower part of the sides of the container, the container being considered in its operating position, said part being that in contact with the powders during use of said container.
• the surface of the interior walls of the container is covered for more than 85%, preferably for more than 90%, preferably for more than 95%, preferably for more than 96%, preferably for more than 98%, preferably for more than 99% of said coating.
• the coating extends over substantially the entire surface of the interior walls of the container.
• At least a part, preferably the entire surface of the outer wall of the bottom is covered with the coating.
• more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, preferably more than 99%, of the total surface of the walls of the container is covered with the coating.
• the coating can be applied to at least part of the surface of the inner walls of the container using any technique known to those skilled in the art, in particular by application with a brush, by spraying, in particular wet spraying, by vacuum impregnation, by immersion.
• the coating is by wet spraying of a suspension comprising one or more MgAl 2 C>4 spinel powders and one or more corundum or corundum precursor powders.
• the suspension does not comprise corundum precursor powders.
• the coating has undergone a heat treatment before its use, the maximum temperature reached during said heat treatment being preferably higher than 1100°C, preferably higher than 1200°C, and preferably lower than 1500°C, preferably lower at 1400°C.
• the holding time at said maximum temperature is greater than 0.5 hours, and less than 5 hours, preferably less than 2 hours.
• tiles with dimensions of 50 ⁇ 50 ⁇ 10 mm 3 are machined on the 6 faces in plates of N-Durance product marketed by the company Saint-Gobain Performance Ceramics and Refractories.
• a large face of each tile is then wet spray coated with a slurry.
• the suspensions making it possible to obtain the various coatings are manufactured in the following manner.
• a mixture M of alumina powders of mass purity greater than 99% and of an aluminum hydroxide powder is produced.
• Said mixture M has a median size D 50 equal to 7 ⁇ m and a D 90 equal to 51 ⁇ m.
• the whole is placed in a container and rotated on a jar turner for 10 minutes to mix the different ingredients.
• the can is closed and then rotated on a jar turner for 8 hours to obtain a homogeneous suspension.
• the beads are then separated from the suspension by sieving.
• the suspension is then placed in a compressed air gun and projected on a large face of a tile, so as to obtain a coating of substantially uniform thickness and equal to 300 ⁇ m after the step of consolidation by sintering.
• the coated tile is then dried in an oven for 12 hours at 70°C.
• the coated tile undergoes the following consolidation heat treatment, in an electric oven, under air:
• the resistance to degradation by a powder of a lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide Li-NMC is evaluated on the tiles coated previously described according to examples 1 to 4, the surface of the tile in contact with the powder being the surface having the coating previously described.
• the lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide powder used is manufactured as follows:
• a powder of Ni 0.8Coo ,iMn 0.i (OH) 2 is obtained by coprecipitation of an aqueous solution of nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate and manganese nitrate, present in a stoichiometric ratio of 0.8:0 , 1:0.1, with the addition of NaOH and NH 4 OH, at a temperature equal to 50° C., with stirring.
• LiOH.H 2 O is added to the Ni 0.8Coo.iMn 0.i (OH) 2 powder in a molar ratio of LiOH.H 2 O to Ni 0.8Coo.iMn 0.i (OH ) 2 equal to 1.03, the whole being then mixed vigorously. Then, the assembly is then heat-treated at 480° C. for 4 hours.
• the powder obtained after heat treatment is lumped in an agate mortar.
• the powder obtained at the end of the lump breaking is the powder used in the degradation resistance test.
• the tiles are then placed in an electric tube furnace, the tube being made of alumina, to undergo the following heat treatment cycle:
• oxygen circulation is set up in the tube, with a flow rate equal to 20 I/min.
• the tiles are then diverted.
• the powder present on top of the tile is removed, and 4.5 g of new powder are again placed on the central part of the tile to be tested, taking care not to cover the surface of the periphery of said tile with powder.
• the tiles are then placed in the electric tube furnace, the tube being made of alumina, to undergo a second heat treatment cycle identical to the first.
• the tiles are then diverted.
• the powder present on the top of the tile is eliminated.
• the same protocol as previously described is repeated three more times so that each tile undergoes a total of five heat treatment cycles in the presence of the powder described above.
• each tile is then diverted and each tile is cut to obtain a slice of the central area of said tile. Said edge is coated with resin and polished mirror. Then each polished sample is observed using a scanning electric microscope, using magnifications between x200 and x500.
• Examples 1 and 2 to 4 show that the coating of Examples 2 to 4 is still present after the degradation resistance test, unlike the coating of Example 1 which has almost completely disappeared.
• a comparison of examples 2 to 4 shows, however, that the coating of example 2, which has a quantity of spinel equal to 15%, has several cracks, present from the outer surface of the coating to the interface coating - support tile .
• Example 3 having a quantity of spinel equal to 30%, has, after degradation resistance test, some cracks present on the outer surface of the coating and not extending to the coating interface - backing tile
• the products according to the invention are not limited to particular shapes or dimensions.

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• 2021
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