WO2023112076A1 - Moteur électrique, compresseur et climatiseur - Google Patents

Moteur électrique, compresseur et climatiseur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023112076A1
WO2023112076A1 PCT/JP2021/045744 JP2021045744W WO2023112076A1 WO 2023112076 A1 WO2023112076 A1 WO 2023112076A1 JP 2021045744 W JP2021045744 W JP 2021045744W WO 2023112076 A1 WO2023112076 A1 WO 2023112076A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
phase coil
energization
phase
rotor
energizations
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PCT/JP2021/045744
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
大輝 岩田
篤 松岡
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三菱電機株式会社
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Priority to JP2023567274A priority Critical patent/JPWO2023112076A1/ja
Priority to PCT/JP2021/045744 priority patent/WO2023112076A1/fr
Publication of WO2023112076A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023112076A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/02—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies
    • H02K15/03—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies having permanent magnets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electric motors, compressors, and air conditioners.
  • a magnetization method in which a hard magnetic material of a rotor is magnetized using a coil (also referred to as winding) attached to a stator core (for example, Patent Document 1).
  • the conventional technology does not consider reducing the torque generated in the magnetization process.
  • the purpose of the present disclosure is to reduce the cost of the electric motor by reducing the torque generated in the magnetization process.
  • An electric motor includes: a stator having a stator core and three-phase coils attached to the stator core and having a U-phase coil, a V-phase coil, and a W-phase coil; a rotor having permanent magnets and disposed inside the stator; The permanent magnet is magnetized by energizing the three-phase coil a plurality of times, When the first energization of the plurality of energizations is energization of the U-phase coil, the V-phase coil, and the W-phase coil, the second energization of the plurality of energizations includes: energizing two selected from the U-phase coil, the V-phase coil, and the W-phase coil; When the first energization of the plurality of energizations is energization of two selected from the U-phase coil, the V-phase coil, and the W-phase coil, the energization of the plurality of energ
  • the cost of the electric motor can be reduced by reducing the torque generated in the magnetization process.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of an electric motor according to Embodiment 1;
  • FIG. FIG. 2 is a plan view schematically showing the structure of a rotor;
  • 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of a stator;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an example of wire connection of three-phase coils when three-phase energization is performed;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an example of wire connection of three-phase coils when two-phase energization is performed; It is a figure which shows the reference position in three-phase energization. It is a figure which shows the reference position in two-phase energization.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of a compressor according to Embodiment 2;
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of a refrigerating and air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 3;
  • Embodiment 1 An electric motor 1 according to Embodiment 1 will be described below.
  • the z-axis direction (z-axis) indicates a direction parallel to the axis Ax of the electric motor 1
  • the x-axis direction (x-axis) indicates a direction perpendicular to the z-axis direction.
  • the y-axis direction (y-axis) indicates a direction orthogonal to both the z-axis direction and the x-axis direction.
  • the axis Ax is the center of rotation of the rotor 2 , that is, the rotation axis of the rotor 2 .
  • the direction parallel to the axis Ax is also referred to as "the axial direction of the rotor 2" or simply “the axial direction”.
  • the radial direction is the radial direction of the rotor 2, the stator 3, or the stator core 31, and is the direction perpendicular to the axis Ax.
  • the xy plane is a plane perpendicular to the axial direction.
  • An arrow D1 indicates a circumferential direction about the axis Ax.
  • the circumferential direction of the rotor 2, stator 3, or stator core 31 is also simply called “circumferential direction”.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view schematically showing the structure of electric motor 1 according to Embodiment 1. As shown in FIG. 1
  • the electric motor 1 has a rotor 2 having a plurality of magnetic poles, a stator 3, and a shaft 4 fixed to the rotor 2.
  • the electric motor 1 is, for example, a permanent magnet synchronous motor.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view schematically showing the structure of the rotor 2.
  • the rotor 2 is rotatably arranged inside the stator 3 .
  • the rotor 2 has a rotor core 21 and at least one permanent magnet 22 that is a hard magnetic material.
  • An air gap exists between the rotor 2 and the stator 3 .
  • the rotor 2 rotates around the axis Ax.
  • the rotor core 21 has a plurality of magnet insertion holes 211 and shaft holes 212 .
  • the rotor core 21 may further have at least one flux barrier portion which is a space communicating with each magnet insertion hole 211 .
  • the rotor 2 has multiple permanent magnets 22 .
  • Each permanent magnet 22 is arranged in each magnet insertion hole 211 .
  • the shaft 4 is fixed in the shaft hole 212 .
  • Each permanent magnet 22 provided in the electric motor 1 as a finished product is a hard magnetic material 22 magnetized by energizing the three-phase coil 32 of the stator 3 multiple times. That is, each permanent magnet 22 is magnetized by energizing the three-phase coils 32 of the stator 3 a plurality of times.
  • the permanent magnet 22 in each magnet insertion hole 211 forms one magnetic pole of the rotor 2 , that is, the north pole or south pole that functions with respect to the stator 3 .
  • two or more permanent magnets 22 in each magnet insertion hole 211 may form one magnetic pole of the rotor 2 .
  • each magnetic pole of the rotor 2 In the xy plane, the center of each magnetic pole of the rotor 2 is located at the center of each magnetic pole of the rotor 2 (that is, the north pole or south pole of the rotor 2).
  • Each magnetic pole of the rotor 2 (also simply referred to as “each magnetic pole” or “magnetic pole”) means an area that serves as an N pole or an S pole of the rotor 2 .
  • the rotor 2 has six permanent magnets 22 and has six magnetic poles. Therefore, the rotor 2 has three pole pairs.
  • the number of pole pairs of the rotor 2 may be a number other than three.
  • each magnetic pole centerline M1 passes through the center of the permanent magnet 22 forming one magnetic pole of the rotor 2 and the axis Ax in the xy plane. That is, in the example shown in FIG. 2, the center of each magnetic pole of rotor 2 includes the center of permanent magnet 22 forming one magnetic pole.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of the stator 3. As shown in FIG.
  • the stator 3 has a stator core 31 and three-phase coils 32 .
  • the three-phase coil 32 is attached to the stator core 31.
  • the three-phase coil 32 has at least one U-phase coil 32U, at least one V-phase coil 32V, and at least one W-phase coil 32W. That is, the three-phase coil 32 has a first phase, a second phase, and a third phase.
  • the first phase is the W phase
  • the second phase is the V phase
  • the third phase is the U phase.
  • Each of U-phase coil 32U, V-phase coil 32V, and W-phase coil 32W is also referred to as "each phase coil".
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an example of wire connection of the three-phase coil 32 when three-phase energization is performed.
  • Three-phase energization means energization of the U-phase coil 32U, the V-phase coil 32V, and the W-phase coil 32W.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an example of wire connection of the three-phase coil 32 when two-phase energization is performed.
  • Two-phase energization means energization to two selected from the U-phase coil 32U, the V-phase coil 32V, and the W-phase coil 32W.
  • the U-phase coil 32U, the V-phase coil 32V, and the W-phase coil 32W are connected by star connection (also referred to as "Y connection"). be.
  • star connection also referred to as "Y connection”
  • the U-phase coil 32U, the V-phase coil 32V, and the W-phase coil 32W are connected by star connection as shown in FIG.
  • the U-phase coil 32U, the V-phase coil 32V, and the W-phase coil 32W may be connected before the three-phase coil 32 is attached to the stator core 31.
  • a U-phase coil 32U, a V-phase coil 32V, and a W-phase coil 32W connected to each other may be attached to the stator core 31 .
  • the rotor 2 having hard magnetic bodies 22 that are not magnetized is arranged inside the stator 3 (specifically, the stator core 31).
  • a current flows from a magnetizing power supply (also simply referred to as a "power supply") to one of the three phases (the U phase in this embodiment), and the current flows from the other two phases. It is divided into phases (V phase and W phase in this embodiment). Therefore, since current flows in all phases, the magnetic flux generated in the stator is distributed evenly. When the locations where the magnetic flux is generated become uniform, the force (referred to as reluctance torque) by which the magnetic flux from the stator and the rotor attract each other tends to increase. Therefore, the torque generated in the first magnetization process is increased.
  • the second energization should preferably be three-phase energization, and if the first energization is three-phase energization, the second energization should be two-phase energization. desirable.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a reference position in three-phase energization.
  • the rotor 2 is arranged at the reference position.
  • the reference position is a position where the center M1 of the magnetic poles to be magnetized of the rotor 2 coincides with the center of the magnetic poles of the three-phase coil 32 on the xy plane.
  • the center of the magnetic pole of the three-phase coil 32 is the center of the magnetic pole of the three-phase coil formed when current flows from the power supply to the three-phase coil.
  • the center of the magnetic poles of the three-phase coil 32 is located on the magnetic pole center line C1 indicated by the dashed line, and the center of the magnetic poles to be magnetized of the rotor 2 is the magnetic pole indicated by the dashed line. It is located on the center line M1.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a reference position in two-phase energization.
  • the rotor 2 is arranged at the reference position.
  • the reference position is a position where the center M1 of the magnetic poles to be magnetized of the rotor 2 coincides with the center of the magnetic poles of the three-phase coil 32 on the xy plane.
  • the center of the magnetic pole of the three-phase coil 32 is the center of the magnetic pole of the three-phase coil formed when current flows from the power supply to the three-phase coil.
  • the center of the magnetic poles of the three-phase coil 32 is positioned on the magnetic pole center line C1 indicated by the dashed line, and the center of the magnetic poles to be magnetized of the rotor 2 is the magnetic pole indicated by the dashed line. It is located on the center line M1.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the magnetization process in the case of three-phase energization.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of the magnetization process in the case of two-phase energization.
  • the first energization that is, the first magnetization step
  • a first angle .theta.1 mechanical angle
  • a current is passed through the three-phase coil 32.
  • current is passed through the three-phase coil 32 in a state in which the center of the magnetic poles to be magnetized of the rotor 2 is rotated by a first angle ⁇ 1 in the first rotation direction of the rotor 2 from the reference position.
  • the first direction of rotation is counterclockwise about axis Ax.
  • the three-phase coils 32 are connected as shown in FIG. be.
  • the U-phase coils 32U, V This is done by passing current through the phase coil 32V and the W-phase coil 32W. That is, in a state in which the center of the magnetic pole to be magnetized of the rotor 2 is rotated by a first angle ⁇ 1 from the reference position in the first rotation direction of the rotor 2, the U-phase coil 32U, the V-phase coil 32V, and the W-phase coil 32U are rotated. A current is passed through the phase coil 32W.
  • the largest current flows through the U-phase coil 32U in the three-phase energization shown in FIG.
  • the current flowing through the U-phase coil 32U flows through the V-phase coil 32V and the W-phase coil 32W.
  • the first energization of the multiple energizations is the energization of two selected among the U-phase coil 32U, the V-phase coil 32V, and the W-phase coil 32W
  • the three-phase coil 32 The connections are those shown in FIG. In this case as well, the center of the magnetic poles of the rotor 2 is rotated by the first angle ⁇ 1 in the first rotation direction of the rotor 2 with respect to the center of the magnetic poles of the three-phase coils 32, and the U-phase coils 32U are rotated. , V-phase coil 32V, and W-phase coil 32W.
  • the current from the power source for magnetization flows through the U-phase coil 32U and the V-phase coil 32V, but does not flow through the W-phase coil 32W.
  • the second energization (that is, the second magnetization process) is performed.
  • the first energization of the multiple energizations is energization of the U-phase coil 32U, the V-phase coil 32V, and the W-phase coil 32W
  • the second energization of the multiple energizations is the U-phase It is energization to two selected among the coil 32U, the V-phase coil 32V, and the W-phase coil 32W. That is, when the first energization is three-phase energization, the second energization is two-phase energization. In this case, the connection of the three-phase coil 32 in the second energization is the connection shown in FIG.
  • the first energization of the multiple energizations is the energization of two selected among the U-phase coil 32U, the V-phase coil 32V, and the W-phase coil 32W
  • the second energization is energization to the U-phase coil 32U, the V-phase coil 32V, and the W-phase coil 32W. That is, when the first energization is two-phase energization, the second energization is three-phase energization. In this case, the connection of the three-phase coil 32 in the second energization is the connection shown in FIG.
  • the center of the magnetic poles of the rotor 2 is set at a second angle in the second rotational direction of the rotor 2 with respect to the center of the magnetic poles of the three-phase coil 32 .
  • This is done by passing a current through the three-phase coil 32 while it is rotated by ⁇ 2 (mechanical angle). That is, current is passed through the three-phase coil 32 in a state in which the center of the magnetic pole to be magnetized of the rotor 2 is rotated by a second angle ⁇ 2 in the second rotation direction of the rotor 2 from the reference position.
  • the second direction of rotation is opposite to the first direction of rotation.
  • first direction of rotation is counterclockwise about axis Ax
  • second direction of rotation is clockwise about axis Ax.
  • first direction of rotation is clockwise about axis Ax
  • second direction of rotation is counterclockwise about axis Ax.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph showing the torque generated in the electric motor 1 when the first energization is two-phase energization.
  • FIG. 11 is a graph showing the torque generated in the electric motor 1 when the second energization is two-phase energization. As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, compared to the torque generated in the electric motor 1 when the first energization is two-phase energization, the torque generated when the second energization is two-phase energization is generally higher. , the torque generated in the electric motor 1 is larger.
  • FIG. 12 is a graph showing the torque generated in the electric motor 1 when the first energization is three-phase energization.
  • FIG. 13 is a graph showing the torque generated in the electric motor 1 when the second energization is three-phase energization.
  • the torque generated in the magnetization process can be reduced.
  • the second and subsequent energizations may be three-phase energization.
  • the third energization is three-phase energization.
  • the second and subsequent energizations may be two-phase energization.
  • the third energization is two-phase energization.
  • FIG. 16 is a graph showing the relationship between the torque generated in the second energization and the second angle ⁇ 2 [degrees]. As shown in FIG. 16, when ⁇ 16 degrees ⁇ 2 ⁇ 16 degrees, the torque generated by three-phase energization is smaller than the torque generated by two-phase energization. In three-phase energization, the torque is smaller than 92 Nm when ⁇ 13 degrees ⁇ 2 ⁇ 13 degrees.
  • the first angle ⁇ 1 and the second angle ⁇ 2 are ⁇ 16 degrees ⁇ 1 ⁇ 16 degrees and ⁇ 16 degrees ⁇
  • ⁇ 2 ⁇ 16 degrees the torque generated in the magnetization process can be reduced.
  • the relationship between the number of pole pairs Pn, the first angle ⁇ 1, and the second angle ⁇ 2 is ⁇ 16 ⁇ 3/Pn ⁇ 1 ⁇ 16 ⁇ 3/Pn and ⁇ 16 ⁇ It is desirable to satisfy 3/Pn ⁇ 2 ⁇ 16 ⁇ 3/Pn. In this case, the torque generated in the magnetizing process can be reduced.
  • the relationship between the polar logarithm Pn, the first angle ⁇ 1, and the second angle ⁇ 2 is ⁇ 16 ⁇ 3/Pn ⁇ 1 ⁇ 16 ⁇ 3/Pn and ⁇ 13 ⁇ 3/Pn ⁇ 2 ⁇ 13 ⁇ 3/Pn.
  • the torque generated in the magnetization process can be reduced. It is possible to reduce the strength of fixing by a jig for fixing. As a result, the cost of the electric motor 1 can be reduced.
  • FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of compressor 300. As shown in FIG.
  • the compressor 300 has an electric motor 1 as an electric element, a sealed container 307 as a housing, and a compression mechanism 305 as a compression element (also referred to as a compression device).
  • compressor 300 is a scroll compressor.
  • compressor 300 is not limited to a scroll compressor.
  • Compressor 300 may be a compressor other than a scroll compressor, such as a rotary compressor.
  • the electric motor 1 in the compressor 300 is the electric motor 1 described in the first embodiment. Electric motor 1 drives compression mechanism 305 .
  • the compressor 300 further includes a subframe 308 that supports the lower end of the shaft 4 (that is, the end opposite to the compression mechanism 305 side).
  • the compression mechanism 305 is arranged inside the sealed container 307 .
  • the compression mechanism 305 includes a fixed scroll 301 having a spiral portion, an orbiting scroll 302 having a spiral portion forming a compression chamber between the spiral portion of the fixed scroll 301 and a compliance frame 303 holding the upper end of the shaft 4 . and a guide frame 304 that is fixed to the sealed container 307 and holds the compliance frame 303 .
  • a suction pipe 310 that penetrates the sealed container 307 is press-fitted into the fixed scroll 301 . Further, the sealed container 307 is provided with a discharge pipe 306 for discharging the high-pressure refrigerant gas discharged from the fixed scroll 301 to the outside.
  • the discharge pipe 306 communicates with an opening provided between the compression mechanism 305 of the sealed container 307 and the electric motor 1 .
  • the electric motor 1 is fixed to the closed container 307 by fitting the stator 3 into the closed container 307 .
  • the configuration of the electric motor 1 is as described above.
  • a glass terminal 309 for supplying electric power to the electric motor 1 is fixed to the sealed container 307 by welding.
  • the compressor 300 Since the compressor 300 has the electric motor 1 described in the first embodiment, it has the advantages described in the first embodiment.
  • the compressor 300 since the compressor 300 has the electric motor 1 described in Embodiment 1, it is possible to provide the compressor 300 with low manufacturing cost.
  • FIG. 18 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of a refrigerating and air-conditioning device 7 according to Embodiment 3. As shown in FIG.
  • the refrigerating and air-conditioning device 7 is capable of cooling and heating operations, for example.
  • the refrigerant circuit diagram shown in FIG. 18 is an example of a refrigerant circuit diagram of an air conditioner capable of cooling operation.
  • a refrigerating and air-conditioning apparatus 7 according to Embodiment 3 has an outdoor unit 71 , an indoor unit 72 , and a refrigerant pipe 73 connecting the outdoor unit 71 and the indoor unit 72 .
  • the outdoor unit 71 has a compressor 300, a condenser 74 as a heat exchanger, an expansion device 75, and an outdoor fan 76 (first fan).
  • Condenser 74 condenses the refrigerant compressed by compressor 300 .
  • the expansion device 75 reduces the pressure of the refrigerant condensed by the condenser 74 and adjusts the flow rate of the refrigerant.
  • the throttle device 75 is also called a decompression device.
  • the indoor unit 72 has an evaporator 77 as a heat exchanger and an indoor fan 78 (second fan).
  • the evaporator 77 evaporates the refrigerant decompressed by the expansion device 75 to cool the indoor air.
  • refrigerant is compressed by compressor 300 and flows into condenser 74 .
  • the refrigerant is condensed by the condenser 74 and the condensed refrigerant flows into the expansion device 75 .
  • the refrigerant is depressurized by the throttle device 75 and the depressurized refrigerant flows into the evaporator 77 .
  • the refrigerant evaporates in the evaporator 77 and the refrigerant (specifically, refrigerant gas) flows into the compressor 300 of the outdoor unit 71 again.
  • the configuration and operation of the refrigerating and air-conditioning device 7 described above are examples, and are not limited to the above-described examples.
  • the refrigerating and air-conditioning apparatus 7 according to Embodiment 3 has the advantages described in Embodiments 1 and 2.
  • the refrigerating and air-conditioning apparatus 7 according to Embodiment 3 has the compressor 300 according to Embodiment 2, it is possible to provide the refrigerating and air-conditioning apparatus 7 with low manufacturing cost.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un moteur électrique (1) qui comprend un stator (3) ayant des bobines triphasées (32) et un rotor (2) ayant des aimants permanents (22). Les bobines triphasées (32) comprennent une bobine en phase U (32U), une bobine en phase V (32V) et une bobine en phase W (32W). Les aimants permanents (22) sont magnétisés par excitation répétée des bobines triphasées (32). Lorsqu'une première mise sous tension permet d'exciter la bobine en phase U (32U), la bobine en phase V (32V) et la bobine en phase W (32W), une seconde mise sous tension permet d'exciter deux bobines parmi les bobines en phase U (32U), en phase V (32V) et en phase W (32W). Lorsque la première mise sous tension permet d'exciter deux bobines parmi les bobines en phase U (32U), en phase V (32V) et en phase W (32W), la seconde mise sous tension permet d'exciter les bobines en phase U (32U), en phase V (32V) et en phase W (32W).
PCT/JP2021/045744 2021-12-13 2021-12-13 Moteur électrique, compresseur et climatiseur WO2023112076A1 (fr)

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JP2023567274A JPWO2023112076A1 (fr) 2021-12-13 2021-12-13
PCT/JP2021/045744 WO2023112076A1 (fr) 2021-12-13 2021-12-13 Moteur électrique, compresseur et climatiseur

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000152569A (ja) * 1998-09-07 2000-05-30 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Ｄｃブラシレスモ―タの組込着磁方法及び着磁装置、圧縮機用ｄｃブラシレスモ―タの組込着磁方法、圧縮機、並びに冷凍サイクル装置
WO2020240617A1 (fr) * 2019-05-24 2020-12-03 三菱電機株式会社 Procédé de fabrication d'un moteur électrique, moteur électrique, compresseur, et climatiseur

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000152569A (ja) * 1998-09-07 2000-05-30 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Ｄｃブラシレスモ―タの組込着磁方法及び着磁装置、圧縮機用ｄｃブラシレスモ―タの組込着磁方法、圧縮機、並びに冷凍サイクル装置
WO2020240617A1 (fr) * 2019-05-24 2020-12-03 三菱電機株式会社 Procédé de fabrication d'un moteur électrique, moteur électrique, compresseur, et climatiseur

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