WO2023110000A1

WO2023110000A1 - Method and production system for automated production of a thin-wall concrete component by means of a spray-concrete method and a shuttering mould

Info

Publication number: WO2023110000A1
Application number: PCT/DE2022/100802
Authority: WO
Inventors: Hendrik Lindemann; Roman Gerbers
Original assignee: AEDITIVE GmbH
Priority date: 2021-12-17
Filing date: 2022-10-28
Publication date: 2023-06-22
Also published as: DE102021133597A1; EP4448240A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for automated production of a thin-wall concrete component (114) by means of a spray-concrete method, comprising the following steps performed by a handling system (104): positioning a frame-like shuttering mould (140) on a base element (112), spraying concrete such that the shuttering mould (140) defines a peripheral contour of the concrete component (114) at least in part, and removing the shuttering mould (140) immediately after the spraying has ended, so that the peripheral contour of the concrete component (114) is unaffected.

Description

Process and production system for the automated production of a thin-walled concrete component using a shotcrete process and formwork tool

The invention relates to a method and a production system for the automated production of a thin-walled concrete component using a shotcrete method and a formwork tool for use in such a method and/or in such a production system. Processes for the production of thin-walled concrete components are known in principle. Thin-walled concrete components can be manufactured using known formwork techniques. For this purpose, a formwork is designed and manufactured, then assembled and prepared, for example by oiling. The formwork is then filled with concrete, the concrete is compacted and the formwork is removed. In order to reuse the formwork, the formwork is cleaned. In addition to the high preparation effort, compacting the concrete in thin-walled concrete components is a source of error.

In addition, thin-walled concrete components can be produced with a formwork table that has concrete basins to be filled with concrete. The concrete is poured into the formwork and then hardened. However, the process is characterized by a high cycle time. Furthermore, the formwork table is occupied over a long period of time, so that a large number of cost-intensive formwork tables are required to reduce the cycle times.

In the case of thin-walled concrete components in particular, the ratio of the formwork area to the concrete volume used is large. This leads, among other things, to the fact that a high level of manual effort and thus high labor costs are required for providing the formwork for each concrete component.

In addition, thin-walled concrete components can currently not be functionalized or only to a limited extent, since the concrete components usually have a flat surface. This means that the concrete components are heavier than technically required. Furthermore, the sustainability of such concrete components is negatively influenced by the fact that more concrete is used than is technically necessary.

US Pat. No. 8,801,415 B2, EP 2 886 277 B1, WO 2019/121316 A1, AT 17186 U1, DE 10 2019 133 755 A1, DE 10 2019 204 259 A1 and AT 385 550 B disclose concrete components and methods for producing concrete components in.

A requirement from the construction industry is to increase the degree of automation. In particular, a shortage of skilled workers affects productivity and there is a risk that there will not be enough skilled workers to meet demand in the future.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method and a production system for the automated production of a thin-walled concrete component using a shotcrete method and a formwork tool for use in such a method and/or in such a production system, which reduce or eliminate one or more of the disadvantages mentioned . In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide a solution that enables automated production of thin-walled concrete components. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a solution that enables more sustainable production of concrete components. This object is achieved with a method, a production system and a formwork tool according to the features of the independent patent claims. Further advantageous refinements of these aspects are specified in the respective dependent patent claims. The features listed individually in the patent claims and the description can be combined with one another in any technologically meaningful way, with further embodiment variants of the invention being shown.

According to a first aspect, the object is achieved by a method for the automated production of a thin-walled concrete component with a shotcrete method, comprising the steps carried out by a handling system: positioning a frame-shaped formwork tool on a base element, spraying a concrete such that the formwork tool has a peripheral contour of the concrete component defined at least in sections and removal of the formwork tool immediately after the end of spraying in such a way that the peripheral contour of the concrete component is unaffected.

The invention is based, inter alia, on the finding that thin-walled concrete components can be produced in an advantageous manner using a shotcrete method and a frame-shaped formwork tool. Thanks to the reusable, frame-shaped formwork tool and the immediate removal of the formwork tool after spraying is complete, rapid, sequential production of thin-walled concrete components is made possible.

The invention is also based on the finding that the spraying of the concrete is essential, since the spraying and a targeted setting of an accelerator quantity enable an advantageous distribution and hardening of the concrete without additional distribution steps being necessary. With conventional methods of supplying the concrete, either the concrete is not sufficiently fluid for distribution or the formwork tool cannot be removed immediately after the spraying is completed because the concrete does not have sufficient strength at that time.

The frame-shaped formwork tool, the spraying of the concrete and the removal of the Shuttering tool enables series production of thin-walled concrete components. In industrial applications, after removal of the formwork tool, it would be positioned in a new position on the base member or on another base member and the process steps would be performed again.

The invention is also based on the finding that a thin-walled concrete component can be produced in an advantageous manner in that part of the concrete component is defined by the formwork tool, namely the peripheral contour, and other geometries of the concrete component can be freely defined by spraying the concrete. These geometries can be functional structures, for example ribs to be produced on the upper side to reinforce the concrete component. Such ribs can advantageously be produced with a shotcrete that includes an accelerator, since these would usually run with other methods.

Automated production is understood to mean, in particular, production that can take place essentially without manual actions. In particular, positioning, spraying and removal are automated using a handling system. This does not rule out that individual steps, such as controlling or correcting the handling system, are carried out manually.

A thin-walled concrete component is understood as meaning a concrete component whose thickness is less than the extensions of the concrete component orthogonal to this thickness. Preferably this thickness is less than 50%, less than 30%, less than 15% of the extents orthogonal to the thickness.

The handling system preferably includes at least one handling unit, for example a robot. Preferably the handling system comprises two or more handling units to carry out the steps. In particular, the handling system is arranged and designed to carry out the steps autonomously.

The method includes the step of positioning the frame-shaped formwork tool on the base member. positioning means in particular that the formwork tool is arranged on the base element. This can, for example, include or be placing the formwork tool on the base element. The positioning can also include or be arranging the formwork tool in a predetermined position on the base element. The planar extent of the formwork tool is preferably aligned essentially horizontally.

A frame-shaped formwork tool is also understood to mean a part-frame-shaped formwork tool since, as will be described below, one side of the formwork tool can be designed to be open.

The shuttering tool can be rectangular, for example, so that the peripheral contour of the concrete component is also rectangular. In addition, the formwork tool can also define round and/or free-form peripheral contours of the concrete component.

The base element can be any base for positioning the formwork tool. It is preferred that the base element is a pallet. In addition, the base element can consist of metal and/or plastic and/or concrete and/or comprise these materials. The top of the base element is preferably oriented essentially horizontally.

The method also includes the step of spraying the concrete. The spraying of the concrete takes place in such a way that the formwork tool defines a circumferential contour of the concrete component at least in sections. A peripheral contour is understood to mean, in particular, a contour of the concrete component in horizontal planes. The peripheral contour can be an edge of the concrete component. During the process, the formwork tool can act as a border around the concrete component to be produced.

A sectional definition of the peripheral contour means that at least one side of the concrete component is defined by the formwork tool. For example, one, two or more sides of the formwork tool can also be open. Provision is made in particular for an upper side of the concrete component to be free of the formwork tool, so that the upper side can be freely defined by spraying the concrete. In particular, the definition of the peripheral contour by the formwork tool and the free formation of functional structures, such as ribs on the upper side of the concrete component, make it possible to manufacture the concrete component in an automated and moreover efficient manner.

The formwork tool is removed immediately after the end of spraying, ie in particular after the concrete component has been sprayed. Immediately after the end of the spraying means in particular that the formwork tool is removed after less than 10 minutes, less than 5 minutes, less than 2 minutes, less than 1 minute after the end of the spraying. In addition, immediately after the end of the spraying can mean that there is a period of time between the end of the spraying and the removal of the formwork tool which is less than 25%, less than 10%, less than 5%, less than 1% of a spraying time for the spraying of the concrete.

It is preferred that the shuttering tool is removed in a vertical direction. In addition, it is preferred that the formwork tool is removed with a removal movement, the removal movement having a vertical movement component. It is also preferred that the formwork tool is removed in such a way that there are no interfering contours in the direction of the lifting vector.

The fact that the peripheral contour of the concrete component is unaffected by the removal of the formwork tool means in particular that the contour is essentially unaffected. This can mean, for example, that the circumferential contour does not experience any component-relevant changes as a result of the removal of the formwork tool. Furthermore, this can mean that by removing the formwork tool essentially no post-processing of the concrete component as such is required, which would not have been necessary by another removal of the formwork tool.

It is preferred that the method includes the step of changing the formwork tool, with another formwork tool having a different shape being used, so that another circumferential contour of a concrete component can be produced. In addition, it is preferred that the method includes the step: introducing reinforcement. It is particularly preferred that the reinforcement is placed before or during the spraying of the concrete. For example, a bottom layer of the concrete can be sprayed first, on which the reinforcement is arranged and then the concrete component can be sprayed to finish.

A further preferred embodiment of the method includes the step: cleaning, in particular automatic cleaning, of the formwork tool in a cleaning station after the formwork tool has been removed. In addition, it is preferred that the method comprises the step: automatic application of formwork oil to the formwork tool after the cleaning described above. In addition, the method can include the step of changing at least one edge length and repeating the steps of positioning, spraying and removing. A different concrete component can thus be produced with the same formwork tool by enlarging or reducing the formwork tool.

A preferred variant of the method is characterized in that it comprises the step of spraying the concrete in such a way that at least one functional structure is formed, with the concrete forming the functional structure having a higher proportion of accelerator than the concrete adjoining the functional structure. The accelerator content describes the proportion of an accelerator in the concrete. An accelerator is a concrete admixture that hardens concrete faster. The functional structure can be a thickening, for example, so that a static requirement for the concrete component is met.

A preferred variant of the method is characterized in that the concrete to be sprayed is provided in a flowable state and an accelerator is added.

A free-flowing concrete is advantageous in that the frame-shaped formwork tool can be easily filled with it. The accelerator has an advantageous effect in that the concrete filling the formwork tool hardens quickly and, as a result, the formwork tool can advantageously be removed immediately after the spraying has ended. A further advantageous embodiment of the method is characterized in that an accelerator component of the accelerator in the concrete is varied depending on the position.

Thus, individual sections of the concrete component can be freely formed. In particular, the formation of ribs or reinforcements is possible in that a higher proportion of the accelerator is used here and the concrete solidifies quickly in the sprayed position.

In a further preferred variant of the method, it is provided that the formwork tool has at least one open formwork side and the formwork tool is positioned in such a way that the open formwork side is closed by means of a formwork element arranged on the base element.

The formwork element can be any element suitable for closing the open formwork side of the formwork tool. The formwork element can be made of metal or wood, for example, or can include these materials. It can be preferred that the formwork element can be arranged or is arranged fixedly on the base element. For example, the formwork element can be designed as a vertical wall. It is also preferred that the base element has a large number of formwork elements, in particular on vertical walls, on which the formwork tool can be arranged with the open formwork side, so that the concrete component can be produced in an advantageous manner. The open side of the formwork tool allows for improved removal of the formwork tool after spraying is complete. Closing the open formwork side also means partial closing.

A further preferred embodiment of the method is characterized in that the height of the concrete component is brought about by a varying feed rate. By adding the accelerator, a varying spray layer thickness and a height of the concrete component can also be influenced by the varying feed rate. According to a further aspect, the object mentioned at the outset is achieved by a production system for the automated production of a thin-walled concrete component using a shotcrete method, comprising a frame-shaped formwork tool, a handling system for positioning the frame-shaped formwork tool and for spraying a concrete, and a control device coupled to the handling system in terms of signals, which is set up to control the handling system in such a way that the formwork tool is positioned on a base element, the concrete is sprayed in such a way that the formwork tool defines a peripheral contour of the concrete component at least in sections, and the formwork tool is removed immediately after the end of spraying in such a way that the peripheral contour of the concrete component is unaffected.

The features of the components of the manufacturing system described above, in particular the frame-shaped formwork tool and the handling system, with regard to the method apply analogously with regard to the manufacturing system.

A preferred embodiment variant of the production system is characterized in that the formwork tool has an open formwork side and the base element has a formwork element for closing the open formwork side. The formwork element is preferably wall-shaped. The advantage of such a production system consists in particular in an improved removability of the formwork tool after the component has been injected.

A further preferred embodiment variant of the production system is characterized in that it comprises a nozzle unit which is arranged and designed to vary the proportion of accelerator in the concrete and the control device being set up to adjust the proportion of accelerator depending on the position. It is preferred that the handling system includes the nozzle unit.

A production system designed in this way can improve the distribution of the concrete within the formwork tool and, in addition, functional structures can be used to reduce the weight of the concrete component be introduced by, for example, reducing the feed rate at these positions and increasing the proportion of the accelerator.

A preferred development of the production system is characterized in that it comprises a vibration unit which is arranged and designed to induce vibration in the frame-shaped formwork tool in order to reduce adhesion of the concrete to the formwork tool. With such a vibration unit, the removal of the formwork tool from the concrete component can be simplified, in particular so that the peripheral contour of the concrete component is unaffected. In addition, the vibration unit can be used to clean the formwork tool.

In a preferred embodiment variant of the production system, it is also provided that the handling system has a first robot, in particular a first articulated-arm robot, and a second robot, in particular a second articulated-arm robot, and the first robot for spraying the concrete and the second robot for positioning and removing the Formwork tool is arranged and formed. The efficiency of the process can be further increased by using two robots and the systematic separation of spraying and handling activities, namely positioning and removal. It is preferred that the first robot and/or the second robot is/are arranged such that it can be moved on a rail, so that a large base element can also be used.

According to a further aspect, the object mentioned at the outset is achieved by a formwork tool for use in a method according to one of the embodiment variants mentioned above and/or in a production system according to one of the embodiment variants described above, comprising a formwork frame that defines a formwork area in which a concrete component can be sprayed and a handling section coupled to the formwork frame for coupling to a handling system.

The formwork frame defines the formwork area. The formwork area can be closed or open on one, two or more sides. The formwork area is designed in particular such that a peripheral contour of the concrete component can be defined with this, in particular can be defined in sections.

A preferred variant of the formwork tool is characterized in that the formwork tool has at least one open formwork side. An open formwork side means in particular that a section of the formwork frame is designed to be open. An open formwork side allows for improved formwork tool removal.

A further preferred development of the formwork tool is characterized in that the formwork tool has at least one adjustable edge length. Furthermore, it is preferred that the shuttering tool has an actuator, in particular an adjustable cylinder, which is arranged and designed to adjust the edge length. For this purpose, one, two or more components of the formwork frame preferably have a telescopic function.

A further preferred variant of the formwork tool is characterized in that a contour element covering the formwork area is arranged on at least one upper edge of the formwork frame. The contour element can be designed, for example, in the form of strips or rods, in particular with an angular cross section. The spraying of the concrete can lead to spattering, particularly at the edge areas of the formwork frame, which reduces the edge quality of the concrete component. The edges of the concrete component can be formed precisely by means of such a contour element.

Another preferred variant of the formwork tool is characterized in that it has an adhesion-reducing surface. It is particularly preferred that surfaces of the formwork tool facing the formwork area have the adhesion-reducing surface. The adhesion-reducing surface can be a polished steel surface, for example. Furthermore, the adhesion-reducing surface can be formed by a coating, for example a plastic coating or a lacquer. The adhesion-reducing surface is designed to be particularly durable, so that it can be used for a large number of formwork processes. For further advantages, design variants and design details of the individual aspects and their possible developments, reference is also made to the description given for the further aspects, the corresponding features and developments.

Preferred exemplary embodiments are explained by way of example with reference to the enclosed figures. Show it:

FIG. 1: a schematic, three-dimensional view of an exemplary embodiment of a production system;

FIG. 2: a schematic, three-dimensional view of an exemplary embodiment of a base element;

FIG. 3: a schematic, three-dimensional view of an exemplary embodiment of a formwork tool;

Figure 4: a schematic view of a method for automated

Manufacture of a thin-walled concrete component using a shotcrete method;

FIG. 5: a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of the method shown in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6: a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of the method shown in FIG. 4; and

FIG. 7: a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of the method shown in FIG.

In the figures, identical or essentially functionally identical or similar elements are denoted by the same reference symbols.

FIG. 1 shows a production system 100 for the automated production of a thin-walled concrete component 114 using a shotcrete method. The production system 100 includes a frame-shaped formwork tool 140 which is used as a template for the concrete components 114 . In addition, the manufacturing system 100 includes a handling system 104. The Handling system 104 is adapted for positioning the frame-shaped formwork tool 140 and for spraying the concrete. For this purpose, the handling system 104 includes a first robot 106 and a second robot 108. The robots 106, 108 are arranged on rails 132, 134, so that the robots 106, 108 can be moved in translation.

A nozzle unit 136 with which the concrete is sprayed is arranged distally on the first robot 106 . The nozzle unit 136 is designed in particular to vary an accelerator content in the concrete. The second robot 108 is arranged and configured for positioning and removing the formwork tool 140 . For this purpose, the second robot 108 is designed distally in order to interact with an interface 170 of the formwork tool 140 .

The base element 112 is arranged between the rails 132 , 134 and thus between the robots 106 , 108 . The base element 112 is plate-shaped and comprises a multiplicity of wall-shaped and vertically positioned formwork elements 116. The base element 112 is arranged in an interchangeable manner. For example, the production system 100 can have a roller system on which the base element can be arranged.

The production system 100 also includes a control device 110, which is set up to control the handling system 104 in such a way that the formwork tool 140 is positioned on the base element 112, the concrete is sprayed in such a way that the formwork tool 140 forms a peripheral contour of the concrete component 114 at least in sections defined and the formwork tool 140 is removed immediately after the end of spraying in such a way that the peripheral contour of the concrete component 114 is unaffected.

Details of the base element 112 are shown in FIG. The base element 112 extends from a first base element end 122 to a second base element end 124. Orthogonally to this, the base element 112 extends from a first base element side 126 to a second base element side 128. These extensions form the planar side of the base element 112. The base member 112 is rectangular. The base element 112 has a total of 13 formwork elements 116 . The formwork elements 116 each have a first formwork side 118, which faces away from the viewer, and a second formwork side 120, which faces the viewer. The formwork tool 140 can be arranged with the open formwork side 156 on the formwork sides 118, 120, so that the formwork elements 116 close the open formwork side 156. The formwork elements 116 are arranged on the top side 130 of the base element.

FIG. 3 shows the formwork tool 140. The formwork tool 140 has a formwork frame 142 which defines a formwork area 144. Formwork frame 142 extends from a first end 146 to a second end 148. Formwork frame 142 is formed by a first transverse frame member 150 at first end 146 and a second transverse frame member 152 at second end 148. The transverse frame members 150, 152 are aligned parallel to one another.

The first transverse frame member 150 and the second transverse frame member 152 are connected to each other with a longitudinal frame member 154 . The side of the formwork frame 142 opposite the longitudinal frame element 154 is designed as an open formwork side 156 .

The open formwork side 156 is formed in particular by providing a bracket unit 158 with a clear height above the formwork area 144 on this side. The bracket assembly 158 is formed by a first spar member 160 adjacent the first end 146, a second spar member 162 adjacent the second end 148, and a support member 164 connecting the spar members 160,162.

Also provided on the carrier element 164 is a handling section 166 which has a handling element 168 . An interface 170 is provided on the handling element 168 with which the formwork tool 140 can be coupled to a handling system 104 and in particular to a second robot 108 . Contour elements 172 , 174 , 176 are provided on the transverse frame elements 150 , 152 and on the longitudinal frame element 154 . The contour elements 172, 174, 176 enable the formation of a defined concrete component edge without spatter and the like occurring. In normal operation, the formwork tool 140 is arranged with the open formwork side 156 on one of the formwork elements 116 shown in FIG. Concrete is then injected into the formwork frame 142, in particular into the formwork area 144, so that the formwork tool defines the peripheral contour of the concrete component 114. When the formwork tool 140 is arranged on a formwork element 116 so that all four sides of the formwork frame 142 are closed, a complete peripheral contour of the concrete component can be formed. After the concrete component 114 has been completely sprayed, the formwork tool 140 can be removed immediately.

FIG. 4 shows a method for the automated production of a thin-walled concrete component 114 using a shotcrete method with three steps carried out by a handling system 104. In step 200 the frame-shaped formwork tool 140 is positioned on a base element 112 . Subsequently, in step 202, concrete is sprayed in such a way that the formwork tool 140 defines a peripheral contour of the concrete component 114 at least in sections. If the formwork tool 140 is designed according to FIG. 3 and a corresponding arrangement of the formwork tool 140 on a formwork element 118, the peripheral contour of the concrete component is completely defined.

In step 204, the formwork tool 140 is removed immediately after the spraying has ended, so that the peripheral contour of the concrete component 114 is unaffected. Immediately after stopping spraying can mean immediately or also less than 10 minutes, less than 5 minutes, less than 2 minutes, less than 1 minute.

FIG. 5 shows a preferred variant of the method shown in FIG. In step 210 the frame-shaped formwork tool 140 is positioned and in step 212 the concrete is sprayed as in step 202 . In step 214 the amount of accelerator in the concrete is varied and then sprayed again in step 212 with this varied amount of accelerator. The The loop between steps 212 and 214 can be repeated any number of times. Then, in step 216, as in step 204, the shuttering tool 140 is removed.

Steps 212 and 214 are combined in FIG. 6, since the quantity of accelerator is varied in parallel with the spraying of the concrete. Varying the amount of accelerator is also optional in this process variant, since this may not be absolutely necessary depending on the component.

A preferred method is shown in FIG. Step 222 of spraying is preferably designed such that functional structures are formed, in particular by a varying spray layer thickness that can be generated by a varying feed rate of robot 106 . Functional structures of this type can, for example, be thickened portions that structurally strengthen the component. This avoids the concrete component 114 having a correspondingly high thickness at all component positions, but only at those where this is statically necessary.

With the method described above, the production system 100 and the formwork tool 140, an efficient and at the same time sustainable production of concrete components 114 is possible. Through the use of a frame-shaped formwork tool 140 in the shotcreting process and the immediate removal of the formwork tool 140 after spraying, a thin concrete component 114 can be produced in an efficient manner.

This process is made possible by the peculiarities of the shotcrete process, in particular the possibility of setting the hardening time in a targeted manner. Concrete components 114 that can be produced in this way are also sustainable, since they require a reduced concrete volume, since free-form concrete component structures, such as thickenings, can be used as static elements. REFERENCE MARKS

crafting system

Handling system first robot second robot

control device

base element

concrete component

Formwork element first formwork side second formwork side first base element end second base element end first base element side second base element side

Base element top first rail second rail

nozzle unit

vibration unit

formwork tool

formwork frame

Formwork area first end 148 second end

150 first transverse frame member

152 second transverse frame member

154 longitudinal frame element 156 open formwork side

158 ironing unit

160 first rafter element

162 second rafter element

164 carrier element 166 handling section

168 handling element

170 interface

172 first contour element

174 second contour element 176 third contour element

Claims

EXPECTATIONS

1. A method for the automated manufacture of a thin-walled concrete component (114) using a shotcrete method, comprising the steps carried out by a handling system (104):

positioning a frame-shaped formwork tool (140) on a base element (112),

Spraying a concrete in such a way that the shuttering tool (140) defines a peripheral contour of the concrete component (114) at least in sections, and

Removing the formwork tool (140) immediately after the end of spraying in such a way that the peripheral contour of the concrete component (114) is unaffected.

2. The method according to claim 1, comprising the step:

Spraying the concrete in such a way that at least one functional structure is formed, the concrete forming the functional structure having a higher proportion of accelerator than the concrete adjoining the functional structure.

3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the concrete to be sprayed is provided flowable and added with an accelerator.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein an accelerator portion of the accelerator in the concrete is varied depending on the position.

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the formwork tool (140) has at least one open formwork side (156) and the formwork tool (140) is positioned in such a way that the open formwork side (156) is arranged by means of a formwork element on the base element (112). (116) is closed.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a height of the concrete component (114) is effected by a varying feed rate.

7. Production system (100) for the automated production of a thin-walled concrete component (114) with a shotcrete method, comprising a frame-shaped formwork tool (140), a handling system (104) for positioning the frame-shaped formwork tool (140) and for spraying a concrete, and one with the Handling system (104) signal-coupled control device (110), which is set up to

to control the handling system (104) in such a way that

formwork tool (140) is positioned on a base element (112), the concrete is sprayed in such a way that the formwork tool (140) defines a circumferential contour of the concrete component (114) at least in sections, and the formwork tool (140) is removed in this way immediately after spraying is complete that the peripheral contour of the concrete component (114) is unaffected.

8. Manufacturing system (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the formwork tool (140) has an open formwork side (156), and the base element (112) has a formwork element (116) for closing the open formwork side (156).

9. Production system (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a nozzle unit (136) arranged and adapted to vary an accelerator content in the concrete, and

- Wherein the control device (110) is set up to adjust the accelerator portion depending on the position.

10. Production system (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a vibration unit (138) which is arranged and configured to induce vibration in the frame-shaped formwork tool (140) in order to reduce adhesion of the concrete to the formwork tool (140). .

11. Production system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the handling system (104) has a first robot (106), in particular a first articulated robot, and a second robot (108), in particular a second articulated robot, and the first robot ( 106) for spraying the concrete and the second robot (108) for positioning and removing the formwork tool (140) is arranged and designed.

12. formwork tool (140) for use in a method according to any one of the preceding claims and / or in a production system (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a formwork frame (142) which defines a formwork area (144) in which a concrete component (114) can be sprayed, and a handling section (166) coupled to the formwork frame (142) for coupling to a handling system.

13. formwork tool (140) according to the preceding claim, wherein the formwork tool (140) has at least one open formwork side (156).

14. formwork tool (140) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the formwork tool (140) has at least one adjustable edge length, and - 22 - the shuttering tool (140) preferably has an actuator, in particular an adjustable cylinder, which is arranged and designed to adjust the edge length.

15. Formwork tool (140) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a contour element (172, 174, 176) covering the formwork area (144) is arranged on at least one upper edge of the formwork frame.

16. formwork tool (140) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising an adhesion-reducing surface.