CN111219197A

CN111219197A - Die spraying equipment and die spraying process

Info

Publication number: CN111219197A
Application number: CN201811419772.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蓝传雯
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Sichuan Lanhai Intelligent Equipment Manufacturing Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-11-26
Filing date: 2018-11-26
Publication date: 2020-06-02
Also published as: CN118728432A; CN118793460A

Abstract

The invention discloses tunnel mold spraying equipment and a tunnel mold spraying method, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction. The tunnel mold spraying equipment comprises a spray head assembly, a template mechanism and a spraying system, wherein in the tunnel construction process, the template mechanism is matched with a tunnel excavation rock surface to form a mold cavity, the spray head assembly is arranged above the mold cavity, and the spray head faces the mold cavity; the spray head assembly is connected with a spraying system, concrete filled with an accelerating agent is pumped to the spray head assembly, and the spray head assembly sprays the concrete into the die cavity along an angle which is not vertical to the rock surface, so that the concrete is solidified in the die cavity to form a supporting layer. The invention effectively avoids the problem of concrete resilience in the process of guniting and improves the environmental quality of a construction site.

Description

Die spraying equipment and die spraying process

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, in particular to a tunnel die spraying device.

Background

In the primary support construction of the tunnel, a construction mode of directly spraying concrete to an excavation surface is adopted, wherein the concrete spraying mode is divided into mechanical arm spraying and manual spraying. The prior construction mode of directly spraying concrete has the following defects:

the rebound rate is high, 20% -40% of rebound exists in the existing construction process, and the rebound material can not be recycled, so that great waste is caused, and the main reason for higher construction cost is caused.

The accelerator is large in using amount, the construction mode of directly spraying concrete requires that the concrete is required to be bonded with the excavation surface in a short time when contacting the excavation surface, and the concrete is required to be prevented from falling after bonding. Ordinary concrete can not meet the construction requirements, at the moment, the accelerator needs to be added into plain concrete to meet the requirement of concrete solidification in a short time, and the accelerator is used in a large amount, so that the construction cost is increased.

The smooth finish of the molding surface is poor, the surface after the construction molding by the construction mode of directly spraying concrete is uneven and has poor smooth finish, and the surface of the molding surface needs to be shaped before the next process construction so as to meet the construction requirement, so that the construction process is undoubtedly increased, the construction period is prolonged, and the construction cost is increased.

Construction safety is poor, and when artifical the spraying, operating personnel can be under the face of not strutting and be under construction, has the risk of being pounded by falling the stone and the concrete that drops. In addition, the accelerator is a chemical reagent, and when the accelerator is manually sprayed, an operator is close to the spray head, so that the health of the operator is harmed after long-time operation.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: aiming at the existing problems, the tunnel die-spraying equipment is provided, and mainly solves the problems of mechanization, standardization and standardization of primary support in the tunnel construction process; effectively avoiding the problem of concrete resilience in the guniting process and improving the environmental quality of a construction site.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the tunnel mold spraying equipment comprises a spray head assembly, a template mechanism and a spraying system, wherein in the tunnel construction process, the template mechanism is matched with a tunnel excavation rock surface to form a mold cavity, the spray head assembly is arranged above the mold cavity, and the spray head faces the mold cavity; the spray head assembly is connected with a spraying system, concrete filled with an accelerating agent is pumped to the spray head assembly, and the spray head assembly sprays the concrete into the die cavity along an angle which is not vertical to the rock surface, so that the concrete is solidified in the die cavity to form a supporting layer.

According to the tunnel die spraying equipment, the spray head assembly is arranged on the spray head fine adjustment mechanism, and the spray head fine adjustment mechanism adjusts the pitching angle and/or the rotating angle or the three-dimensional angle of the spray head assembly; the spray head fine adjustment mechanism is arranged on the spray head displacement mechanism; the spray head displacement mechanism controls the displacement of the spray head assembly in space.

The invention relates to a tunnel die spraying device, wherein a spraying system comprises a concrete pumping mechanism, an accelerator pumping mechanism, compressed air supply equipment and a material-agent mixer; the concrete pumping mechanism is connected with the material-agent mixer and used for feeding concrete into the material-agent mixer; the quick-setting agent pumping mechanism is connected with the material-agent mixer and used for feeding the quick-setting agent into the material-agent mixer to be mixed with concrete, the compressed air supply equipment is connected with the material-agent mixer and used for feeding compressed air into the material-agent mixer, and the material-agent mixer is provided with a spray head assembly.

According to the tunnel die spraying equipment, the template mechanism is provided with the template adjusting mechanism, the template adjusting mechanism adjusts the distance between the template and the rock surface, and the pitching angle and/or the rotating angle or the three-dimensional angle of the template mechanism are/is adjusted, so that a die cavity is formed between the template mechanism and the rock surface.

According to the tunnel mold spraying equipment, the spray head displacement mechanism and/or the template fine adjustment mechanism are/is arranged on the supporting mechanism, and the supporting mechanism can drive the template mechanism and/or the spray head assembly to approach/depart from the excavated rock surface.

According to the tunnel die spraying equipment, the steel arch frame is arranged on the tunnel excavation rock surface, and the template mechanism, the steel arch frame and the excavation rock surface are matched to form a die cavity; or the tunnel excavation rock face is not provided with a mold cavity, and the template mechanism is directly matched with the excavation rock face to form the mold cavity; the concrete is sprayed into the mold cavity from the top of the mold cavity by the spraying system through the spray head assembly and is solidified in the mold cavity to form the supporting layer.

The tunnel die-spraying equipment is characterized in that a plurality of steel arch frames are arranged in parallel at intervals in the length direction of a tunnel, the steel arch frames are arranged on the rock wall of the tunnel in an arch shape, concrete is sprayed between any adjacent steel arch frames to form a supporting layer on the rock wall of the tunnel, and the supporting layer is of an arch structure formed by sequentially connecting a plurality of supporting blocks into a whole; the two sides of the supporting layer are respectively bonded with the steel arch, the surface of the supporting layer is an arc surface with the same radian as the steel arch, and the surface of the supporting layer is smooth.

According to the tunnel mold spraying equipment, the supporting mechanism is a supporting arm frame, the supporting arm frame is a large arm, a large arm and an auxiliary arm, two arms, three arms or a frame type arm frame structure, and the template mechanism and the spray head assembly are arranged on the supporting arm frame.

According to the tunnel die spraying equipment, the support arm frame is set to be a large arm, the support arm frame is set to be a telescopic arm structure or a folding arm structure, a wet spraying front arm is arranged at the end part of the support arm frame, and a template mechanism is arranged at the end part of the wet spraying front arm; be equipped with shower nozzle displacement mechanism on the wet blasting forearm, be equipped with shower nozzle fine-tuning on the shower nozzle displacement mechanism, be equipped with the shower nozzle subassembly on the shower nozzle fine-tuning, adjust the spatial displacement, angle and the direction of shower nozzle subassembly

In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the tunnel die spraying equipment and the method realize the die spraying operation of the tunnel support layer, compared with the traditional wet spraying manipulator, the tunnel die spraying equipment and the method can realize zero springback, the consumption of concrete can be reduced by 20-40% in the same operation range, the consumption of an accelerator is reduced, and the economic benefit and the social benefit are obvious; the surface finish is high, the later shaping is not needed, the construction period is shortened, and the production efficiency is greatly improved; the construction safety is good, the whole-process remote control operation mechanical construction can be realized, the construction safety is greatly improved, and the possibility of occupational diseases and hazards is reduced.

The tunnel mold spraying equipment and the tunnel mold spraying method can adaptively adjust and control the displacement, the angle, the direction, the height and the like of the spray head assembly based on the actual condition of the mold cavity between the template mechanism and the excavated rock wall so as to meet the control requirement of the spray head assembly in site construction.

According to the tunnel die spraying equipment and method, the whole of the spray head assembly and the template mechanism can be synchronously moved, synchronously rotated and the like, so that the coordination between the template mechanism and the spray head assembly is greatly increased in the die spraying process, the control difficulty is reduced, and the control accuracy is improved; the method ensures the realization of the die spraying operation and improves the construction efficiency and the construction quality of the tunnel initial-stage support die spraying pouring.

According to the tunnel die spraying equipment and method, the die spraying agent spraying system can quickly, fully and uniformly mix the concrete and the accelerator; then can spout the concrete after mixing into the die cavity, form a supporting layer fast, reach the quick mesh of consolidating to the tunnel rock-wall.

Drawings

The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a complete vehicle when the mold spraying equipment is a trolley;

FIG. 2 is a schematic connection diagram of a nozzle trimming mechanism;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a driving structure of a nozzle holder;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a mechanism for moving the showerhead assembly;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the connection of the showerhead traverse arm and forearm mechanism;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a forearm mechanism;

FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a forearm mechanism;

FIG. 8 is a top view of the forearm mechanism;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a rotation mechanism of the forearm mechanism;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the boom turret of the boom mechanism;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a horizontal rotation assembly of the large arm turret;

FIG. 12 is a rear view of the large arm turret;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a turret riser of the large arm turret;

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the connection between the swing arm and the moving assembly mechanism;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a large swivel arm;

FIG. 16 is an enlarged partial view of the swivel boom;

FIG. 17 is a first schematic view of a template mechanism;

FIG. 18 is a second schematic view of the template mechanism;

FIG. 19 is a first schematic view of a template;

FIG. 20 is a second schematic view of the template;

FIG. 21 is a schematic view of the position of the showerhead assembly at the entrance to the mold cavity;

FIGS. 22-23 are block diagrams of the dose delivery system;

FIG. 24 is a structural view of the feeding tube consisting of a diameter-variable hard tube and a diameter-non-variable hard tube;

FIGS. 25-28 are schematic views of the location of accelerator fill ports on the dosage mixer;

FIGS. 29-41 are views of the mechanism of the segmented plate;

42-50 are electromagnetic stencil mechanism block diagrams;

FIGS. 51-56 are views of the belt template mechanism;

FIGS. 57-60 are schematic views of pump tube guide mechanisms

FIG. 61 is a structural view of a head assembly.

Detailed Description

All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.

Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract) may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.

The tunnel mold spraying equipment has the general concept that a mold cavity is formed on an excavated rock surface through a template mechanism, and then concrete is sprayed into the mold cavity, so that the concrete is quickly solidified in the mold cavity to form an initial support layer.

Therefore, the tunnel mold spraying equipment comprises a spray head assembly, a template mechanism and a spraying system, wherein in the tunnel construction process, the template mechanism is matched with a tunnel excavation rock surface to form a mold cavity, the spray head assembly is arranged above the mold cavity, and the spray head faces the mold cavity; the spray head assembly is connected with a spraying system, concrete filled with an accelerating agent is pumped to the spray head assembly, and the spray head assembly sprays the concrete into the die cavity along an angle which is not vertical to the rock surface, so that the concrete is solidified in the die cavity to form a supporting layer.

The sprayer assembly is arranged on the sprayer fine adjustment mechanism, and the sprayer fine adjustment mechanism adjusts the pitching angle and/or the rotating angle or the three-dimensional angle of the sprayer assembly; the spray head fine adjustment mechanism is arranged on the spray head displacement mechanism; the spray head displacement mechanism controls the displacement of the spray head assembly in space.

The injection system comprises a concrete pumping mechanism, an accelerator pumping mechanism, compressed air supply equipment and a feed agent mixer; the concrete pumping mechanism is connected with the material-agent mixer and used for feeding concrete into the material-agent mixer; the quick-setting agent pumping mechanism is connected with the material-agent mixer and used for feeding the quick-setting agent into the material-agent mixer to be mixed with concrete, the compressed air supply equipment is connected with the material-agent mixer and used for feeding compressed air into the material-agent mixer, and the material-agent mixer is provided with a spray head assembly.

The template mechanism is provided with a template adjusting mechanism, the template adjusting mechanism adjusts the distance between the template and the rock surface, and adjusts the pitching angle and/or the rotating angle or the three-dimensional angle of the template mechanism, so that a mold cavity/demolding is formed between the template mechanism and the rock surface. The spray head displacement mechanism and/or the template fine adjustment mechanism are/is arranged on the supporting mechanism, and the supporting mechanism can drive the template mechanism and/or the spray head assembly to be close to/far away from the excavated rock face.

The tunnel excavation rock face is provided with a steel arch, and the template mechanism, the steel arch and the excavation rock face are matched to form a mold cavity; or the tunnel excavation rock face is not provided with a mold cavity, and the template mechanism is directly matched with the excavation rock face to form the mold cavity; the concrete is sprayed into the mold cavity from the top of the mold cavity by the spraying system through the spray head assembly and is solidified in the mold cavity to form the supporting layer.

The steel arches are arranged on the tunnel rock wall in an arch shape, concrete is sprayed between any adjacent steel arches to form a supporting layer on the tunnel rock wall, and the supporting layer is of an arch structure formed by sequentially connecting a plurality of supporting blocks into a whole; the two sides of the supporting layer are respectively bonded with the steel arch, the surface of the supporting layer is an arc surface with the same radian as the steel arch, and the surface of the supporting layer is smooth.

The device is also provided with a control system, and the control system comprises a template adjusting module, a spray head fine-tuning module, a spray head displacement module, an injection module and a control module; the template adjusting module is used for receiving a template adjusting signal sent by the control module and controlling the rotation, the pitching angle and the like of the template/template mechanism so as to control a mold cavity/demolding between the template mechanism and a rock surface; the spray head displacement module is used for receiving the spray displacement signal sent by the control module, controlling the displacement of the spray head in the transverse and longitudinal directions and adjusting the spray head to be above the mold cavity; the spray head fine adjustment module is used for receiving the template fine adjustment signal sent by the control module and controlling the rotation, the pitching angle and the like of the spray head/spray head assembly so as to control the angle/direction of the spray head and ensure that concrete sprayed by the spray head is not vertical to a rock surface; the spraying module is used for receiving the spraying signal sent by the control module and controlling the mixing and pumping of the concrete and the accelerator; and the control module is used for controlling the work of each module of the whole system, can be connected to a remote control end in a wireless/wired mode, receives a control signal of the remote control end and respectively sends the control signal to each module.

The initial tunnel supporting layer is manufactured through the tunnel die-spraying equipment, wherein the initial tunnel supporting layer is particularly related to a tunnel, and the initial tunnel supporting layer comprises a plurality of steel arch frames which are arranged in parallel at intervals in the length direction of the tunnel, the steel arch frames are arranged on the rock wall of the tunnel in an arch shape and used for supporting the rock wall of the tunnel, concrete is sprayed between any adjacent steel arch frames to form the supporting layer on the rock wall of the tunnel, and the supporting layer is of an arch structure formed by sequentially connecting a plurality of supporting blocks into a whole; the two sides of the supporting layer are respectively bonded with the steel arch, the surface of the supporting layer is an arc surface with the same radian as the steel arch, and the surface of the supporting layer is smooth. The matching of the concrete and the steel supply frame can ensure the structural strength of the primary support layer, and the surface of the primary support layer is smooth, so that the secondary support layer can be conveniently sprayed on the surface of the primary support layer, the bonding of the concrete of the secondary support layer is convenient, the thickness distribution of the secondary support layer is more uniform, and the bearing force of the secondary support layer is facilitated; meanwhile, the uneven part of the primary support layer is prevented from being knocked off when the secondary support layer is arranged, and the primary support layer is prevented from being damaged to influence the stress of the primary support layer. The integral construction of the primary support layer is difficult, and the whole surface of the primary support layer is difficult to ensure to be smooth in the integral construction; therefore, the supporting layer is formed by connecting a plurality of supporting blocks, so that the construction of the primary supporting layer is facilitated, and the surface flatness of the whole supporting layer can be further ensured under the condition that the surface of each supporting block is flat through independent construction.

The supporting layer comprises a side wall supporting block and a top supporting block; wherein the top support block is positioned in the middle area of the top of the tunnel; the side wall supporting block is positioned on the side wall of the tunnel, and is connected with the top supporting block in the middle area of the top of the tunnel to form a whole; the side wall supporting blocks are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the top supporting block. And a plurality of sections of side wall supporting blocks are arranged on the side wall of the tunnel, so that the side wall supporting blocks extend from the bottom of the side wall of the tunnel to the middle area of the top of the tunnel for connection. Because the tunnel top structure is special, the top supporting block is not easy to construct; therefore, the side wall supporting blocks are arranged on the two sides of the tunnel to support the tunnel, and then the top of the tunnel is constructed; during construction, a top supporting block can be arranged in the middle area of the top of the tunnel and connected with side wall supporting blocks on two sides to support the tunnel together; or the top support block is not arranged, the concrete is directly sprayed in the middle area of the top of the tunnel by adopting the existing spraying mode to connect the support blocks at the two sides of the tunnel, and the surface of the spraying area is relatively flat due to the short spraying area. The width of the supporting layer is equal to the distance between the two steel arches, and the width of the supporting layer is 500-1500 mm; the thickness of the supporting layer is the distance from the arch surface of two adjacent steel arches to the rock wall of the tunnel.

In the length direction of the tunnel, at least two steel arches have the same interval; so that at least two supporting layers have the same shape and size. The surface of the supporting layer is flush with the surface of the steel arch frame; or the surface of the supporting layer exceeds the surface of the steel arch frame; or the surface of the steel arch frame exceeds the surface of the support layer. The steel arch frame is I-shaped steel, a flower arch frame or a round pipe. In this embodiment, the steel arch is an i-shaped steel, that is, the section of the steel arch is i-shaped as shown in the figure; concrete is filled between the adjacent I-beams, and the grooves of the two I-beams are filled to form the supporting layer. Due to the fact that the tunnel rock wall is not flat, gaps can be formed between the steel arch frames and the tunnel rock wall, a plurality of arch supporting layers are formed in the length direction of the tunnel, the arch supporting layers are spaced by the steel arch frames, and any adjacent supporting layers are connected into a whole from the gaps between the steel arch frames and the tunnel rock wall 1.

The sprayed concrete is added with fiber yarns, so that the formed supporting layer 2 contains a plurality of fiber yarns. The cellosilk is filiform, bonds on cliff, steel bow member 3, can carry the setting speed and the toughness of soil supporting layer, also can make more firm the bonding of concrete on steel bow member and cliff. The invention provides a tunnel primary support layer structure, which is smooth in surface, can facilitate spraying of a secondary support layer and ensures bearing force of the secondary support layer.

In addition, in the invention, the support mechanism is required to be a support arm frame, the support arm frame is designed to be a large arm, a large arm and an auxiliary arm, two arms, three arms or a frame type arm frame structure, and the template mechanism and the spray head assembly are arranged on the support arm frame.

For example: the support arm frame is set to be a large arm, the support arm frame is set to be a telescopic arm structure or a folding arm structure, a front arm mechanism is arranged at the end part of the support arm frame, and a template mechanism is arranged at the end part of the front arm mechanism; the spray head fine adjustment mechanism is characterized in that a spray head displacement mechanism is arranged on the front arm mechanism, a spray head fine adjustment mechanism is arranged on the spray head displacement mechanism, a spray head assembly is arranged on the spray head fine adjustment mechanism, and the spatial displacement, the angle and the direction of the spray head assembly are adjusted.

For example: the large arm is arranged on the large arm rotary table and can rotate on a vertical surface relative to the large arm rotary table; the large arm rotary table is arranged on the carrier and can rotate relative to the carrier on a horizontal plane; based on the relative rotation among the large arm, the large arm turntable and the carrier; the template mechanism is moved with the front end of the boom and the distance and/or angle between the template mechanism and the rock face is controlled.

For example: a track mechanism is laid on the carrier, a moving seat mechanism is matched on the track mechanism, the large-arm rotating table is arranged on the moving seat mechanism, the moving seat mechanism moves along the laying direction of the track mechanism, and the large arm drives the template mechanism to move in the direction of the track mechanism; a hose guide mechanism is arranged on one side of the track mechanism, the hose guide mechanism comprises a guide groove and a moving mechanism arranged on the guide groove, and the moving mechanism moves in a reciprocating manner along the length direction of the guide groove; and a hose is arranged in the guide groove, bypasses the moving mechanism and is connected to the moving mechanism to move along with the moving mechanism in the guide groove.

The carrier is a trolley, the track mechanism is laid on the top of the trolley, and the trolley is a wheel type, crawler type or frame type track; the chassis of the trolley adopts an automobile chassis, a crawler chassis or an engineering chassis, the engineering chassis is a four-wheel drive mechanism and adopts four-wheel steering, front-wheel drive front-wheel steering or rear-wheel drive rear-wheel steering; the trolley adopts a supporting and hanging type walking mode or a self-walking mode, and the self-walking mode adopts a wheel type walking mechanism, a crawler type walking mechanism, a rail type walking mechanism and a walking type walking mechanism; the power of the trolley can adopt a diesel engine, a pure electric engine or a diesel-electric double-acting mixed power source. The trolley is provided with a cab, and the cab is fixed on the trolley; or the cab is rotatably arranged on the trolley, the cab is fixed on the trolley by adopting a mode that the shell is fixed on the trolley, and the internal operation platform can rotate relative to the trolley; or the whole cab can rotate 180 degrees relative to the trolley; or the cab can rotate by taking one point of the trolley as a center, so that the head and the tail of the trolley cab are exchanged. The trolley is provided with a cab lifting platform, and the cab is arranged on the cab lifting platform and lifted along with the cab lifting platform; the driver can conveniently adjust the position according to the requirement.

When the carrier mechanism is a trolley, the engine of the trolley can be a diesel engine or an electric engine, and the diesel engine and the electric engine can be matched for use.

The trolley can travel in a roller mode, a crawler mode or a rail mode.

Still be provided with the steel bow member on the platform truck and lift the arm of stretching, the steel bow member lifts the arm and can rotates on the horizontal plane relatively the platform truck, also can vertical plane class rotate. The steel arch frame lifting arm can stretch, a steel arch frame supporting platform is arranged at the front end of the steel arch frame lifting arm, and a steel arch frame gripper is arranged on the steel arch frame supporting platform; when the steel arch is arranged on the steel arch supporting platform, the steel arch gripper catches the steel arch, and the steel arch lifting arm can lift the steel arch and erect the steel arch on the tunnel rock wall, so that the steel arch is convenient to install.

Still be provided with personnel lift platform on the platform truck, when the template that the mould was spouted moved the direction of vault gradually, the people can rise in lift platform, observes the injection condition in the mould intracavity.

The trolley is characterized in that a plurality of trolley supporting legs are arranged at the bottom of the trolley and are telescopic. When the template mechanism and the spray head assembly are in operation, the supporting legs support the ground, the stability of the trolley is guaranteed, and the position stability of the template mechanism and the spray head assembly is further guaranteed.

In the invention, the accelerator pumping mechanism and the concrete pumping mechanism in the injection system are both positioned at the front end of the trolley, so that the trolley is inconvenient to be close to the tunnel face as much as possible; therefore, the spraying system rotating platform is arranged in front of the trolley, and the spraying system rotating platform is rotated to one side of the trolley, so that the trolley is convenient to be close to the tunnel face as much as possible.

The cab shell is fixed on the cab lifting platform, and the operating platform in the cab shell can rotate. The condition outside the car can be conveniently observed by a driver, and the car can be conveniently backed when the operation platform rotates 180 degrees.

Wherein the large arm turntable 3 is fixed on the carrier platform. For construction convenience, the large-arm turntable 3 may be provided on the sliding mechanism.

The sliding mechanism comprises a track mechanism 1 laid on a carrier mechanism, a moving seat mechanism 2 is matched on the track mechanism 1, a large arm mechanism is connected to the moving seat mechanism 2, and a template mechanism 8 is arranged on the large arm mechanism; the moving seat mechanism 2 moves along the laying direction of the track mechanism 1, and the large arm mechanism drives the template mechanism 8 to move in the direction of the track mechanism 1.

The direction of the track mechanism 1 can be laid along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel and also can be laid along the transverse direction of the tunnel, when the track mechanism 1 is laid transversely, the track mechanism 1 is set to be of an arc structure matched with the arc of the tunnel, and the die spraying mechanism comprising the template mechanism 8 and the large arm mechanism is integrally arranged on the arc track mechanism 1.

In the sliding mechanism, the track mechanism 1 comprises two parallel longitudinal rails 12, and the longitudinal rails 12 are laid on the surface of a carrier; two rows of rollers 24 matched with the longitudinal rail 12 are arranged on the movable seat mechanism 2, and the rollers 24 can roll on the longitudinal rail 12; the moving seat mechanism 2 is provided with a driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism drives the moving seat mechanism 2 to move on the longitudinal rail 12; wherein the driving mechanism is an oil cylinder, an air cylinder, a gear mechanism or a chain transmission mechanism.

The large arm rotary table 3 of the large arm mechanism is arranged on the movable seat mechanism 2, the movable seat mechanism 2 is arranged on the track mechanism 1, and the large arm rotary table 3 can be driven to move in the longitudinal direction of the track mechanism 1. The large arm mechanism and the template mechanism 9, the spray head assembly 8 and other related mechanisms and assemblies which are borne by the large arm mechanism can move along with the large arm mechanism in the longitudinal direction of the excavated rock surface, so that a mold cavity formed between the template mechanism 8 and the rock surface can be adjusted along the longitudinal direction of the rock surface. For example, in the early tunnel supporting mold spraying, the rock surface can be continuously processed for multiple times under the condition of moving a carrier mechanism (such as a trolley) once. The form is spouted, has avoided the single to move the drawback that can only carry out the inferior rock face mould of single section and spout, has improved the efficiency of construction that the mould spouts greatly.

The track mechanism 1 comprises a support frame 11 and two parallel longitudinal rails 12 arranged on the support frame 11. The support frame 11 comprises two parallel and spaced support longitudinal beams 111 and a plurality of uniformly spaced support transverse beams 112 connected between the two support longitudinal beams 111, and the two longitudinal rails 12 are fixed on the tops of the support longitudinal beams 111.

The track mechanism 1 further comprises two track mechanism connecting plates 13, and the track mechanism connecting plates 13 are fixed at the bottom of the supporting longitudinal beam 111 and are equal to the supporting longitudinal beam 111 in length; the function lies in that the track mechanism 1 is fixed on the frame beam of the trolley frame I through the track mechanism connecting plate 13.

A plurality of connecting lug plates 14 which are evenly spaced are further arranged on the two track mechanism connecting plates 13, and the connecting lug plates 14 are downwards fixed on the outer sides of the track mechanism connecting plates 13 and can be fixed on the outer sides of the frame beams. The track mechanism connecting plate 13 and the connecting lug plate 14 are respectively provided with a connecting screw hole 131 and a connecting screw hole 141, and are fixed with the frame beam through connecting bolts.

The rail mechanism link plate 13 includes a link plate wide portion 131 and a link plate narrow portion 132, and the link plate wide portion 131 and the link plate narrow portion 132 are connected by a smooth transition portion 133. The clearance between the web narrow portions 132 is relatively greater to facilitate mounting of the engine assembly in the lower space thereof.

A longitudinal moving rack 15 is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the track mechanism 1 and can be meshed with a sliding driving gear on the moving seat mechanism 2, and the length of the longitudinal moving rack 15 is equal to that of the supporting longitudinal beam 111.

The longitudinal moving rack 15 is fixed on the inner side surface of any longitudinal rail 12. The specific fixing mode is that a plurality of rack fixing seats 16 are fixed on the inner side of the supporting longitudinal beam 111 below the longitudinal rail 12 at even intervals, each rack fixing seat 16 comprises a horizontal plate 161 and a vertical plate 162, the upper surface of the horizontal plate 161 is flush with the lower surface of the longitudinal rail 12, the vertical plates 162 are directly welded on the inner side of the supporting longitudinal beam 111, and a reinforcing supporting plate 163 is connected between the horizontal plate 161 and the vertical plate 162 of the rack fixing seat 16.

The track mechanism 1 is further provided with an anti-drop mechanism to prevent the moving seat mechanism 2 from transversely and longitudinally separating from the longitudinal rail 12 in the working process. Specifically, the anti-falling mechanism comprises a longitudinal anti-falling mechanism and a transverse anti-falling mechanism.

The longitudinal anti-dropping mechanism is in a specific form that two ends of the longitudinal rail 12 are respectively provided with a stop mechanism for preventing the moving seat mechanism from longitudinally dropping off the longitudinal rail 12; and two ends of the moving seat mechanism 2 are respectively provided with an anti-collision seat 25 corresponding to the stop mechanism. The same end of the two longitudinal rails 12 is provided with a stop seat 17, and the end of the stop seat forms a limit for the moving seat mechanism 2. The baffle seat 17 comprises a baffle seat horizontal plate 171, a baffle seat vertical plate 172 and a baffle seat supporting plate 173 connecting the baffle seat horizontal plate 171 and the baffle seat vertical plate 172, and the baffle seat 17 is connected with the sliding seat sliding plate 12 through a bolt. Two corresponding vertical stop blocks 18 are arranged at the other ends of the two supporting longitudinal beams 111 opposite to the stop seats 17, an installation seat 181 for installing a boom support 19 is connected between the two vertical stop blocks 18, and the vertical stop blocks 18 can be directly welded at the ends of the supporting longitudinal beams 111. The mounting seat 181 includes a mounting seat vertical plate 181a and a mounting seat horizontal plate 181b, and the mounting seat horizontal plate 181b is provided with a connecting hole 181c, and connects the arm support bracket 19 with the mounting seat horizontal plate 181b by a connecting bolt. The arm support bracket 19 is used for supporting the large rotary arm 4 after the large rotary arm 4 is retracted when the die spraying trolley stops working and needs to leave a working site. The stop seat 17 and the vertical stop block 18 are two specific forms of stop mechanisms, and can be used according to actual selection.

The specific structure of the movable seat mechanism 2 is as follows:

the moving seat mechanism 2 includes a seat body 21 and at least two sets of sliding rollers 22 located at two sides of the bottom of the seat body 21, and the sliding rollers 22 are directly disposed on the longitudinal rail 111 and can longitudinally roll along the longitudinal rail 111.

The longitudinal rail 12 is a horizontal plate-shaped structure, and hook plates 23 are further arranged on two sides of the moving seat mechanism 2 to lock the longitudinal rail 12 from the lower part of the plate-shaped longitudinal rail and prevent the moving seat mechanism from transversely separating from the longitudinal rail 12; remove the hook plate 23 that is provided with the L shape that seat mechanism 2 both sides correspond, formed glide machanism's horizontal anti-disengaging mechanism, hook plate 23 includes spacing riser 231 and spacing horizontal plate 232 to prevent to remove seat mechanism 2 and walk the in-process on longitudinal rail 111 and walk to wander away and topple, and reach the effect that wholly stabilizes to attachments such as forearm revolving stage 3 and gyration forearm 4 on removing seat mechanism 2. The limit horizontal plate 232 extends towards the inner side of the moving seat mechanism 2 and is located below the sliding roller 22, the distance from the top surface of the limit horizontal plate 232 to the sliding roller 22 is slightly larger than the thickness of the longitudinal rail 111, and the longitudinal rail 111 can be clamped between the sliding roller 22 and the limit horizontal plate 232, so that the moving seat mechanism 2 can run more stably.

The whole seat body 21 of the moving seat mechanism 2 is of a square structure and comprises two longitudinal plates 211 positioned on two sides and two transverse plates 212 positioned at two ends, sliding roller fixing plates 213 which are parallel to the longitudinal plates 211 are respectively arranged on two sides close to the longitudinal plates 211, the sliding rollers 22 on two sides are respectively installed between the trolley longitudinal plates 211 and the sliding roller fixing plates 213 on the same side, each group of sliding rollers 22 share one roller shaft 221, and the roller shafts 221 penetrate through the longitudinal plates 211 and the sliding roller fixing plates 213 on two sides.

The hook plate 23 is fixed on the outer side surface of the longitudinal plate 211 on both sides by bolts, and the hook plate 23 on each side of the cart is divided into three sections, including two end hook plates 23a and a middle hook plate 23b located between the two end hook plates 23a, the end hook plates 23a are simultaneously fixed on the ends of the roll shaft 221, having multiple functions of simultaneously reinforcing and fixing the roll shaft 221 and blocking the roll shaft 221 from the ends, and also having further effect of increasing the strength to the end hook plates 23 a.

Furthermore, the moving seat mechanism 2 is provided with two sets of sliding rollers 22, two hollow reinforcing shaft sleeves 24 are further fixed between the two sliding rollers 22 on the same side and between the trolley longitudinal plate 211 and the sliding roller fixing plate 213 on the same side, a longitudinal plate through hole (not shown in the figure) communicated with the reinforcing shaft sleeve 24 is formed at the joint of the trolley longitudinal plate 211 and the reinforcing shaft sleeve 24, a reinforcing shaft 241 is arranged on the limiting vertical plate 231 of the middle hook plate 23b corresponding to the reinforcing shaft sleeve 24, when the middle hook plate 23b is installed, the reinforcing shaft 241 is aligned to the reinforcing shaft sleeve 24 and penetrates into the reinforcing shaft sleeve 24, and then the limiting vertical plate 231 is fixed on the trolley longitudinal plate 211 through bolts from the outer side, so that the strength of the middle hook plate 23b is greatly improved. The outer side of the limiting vertical plate 231 of the middle hook plate 23b is also provided with a plurality of vertical reinforcing plates 23b1, so that the further reinforcing effect is achieved.

Furthermore, a plurality of longitudinal reinforcing plates 214 and transverse reinforcing plates 215 which are fixedly connected in a staggered manner are arranged between the two sliding roller fixing plates 213 and between the two trolley transverse plates 212, and the transverse reinforcing plates 215 are arranged between the sliding roller 22 and the reinforcing shaft sleeve 24 on the same side and between the two reinforcing shaft sleeves 24 on the same side.

The inboard (the spacing horizontal plate 232 medial surface) of hook plate 23 still is provided with abrasionproof layer 233, abrasionproof layer 233 is the preparation of copper alloy material, because the peculiar performance of copper, can effectively avoid moving seat mechanism 2 when sliding on rail mechanism 1, causes the appearance of the dead phenomenon of card.

Corresponding to the stop mechanism on the track mechanism 1, the front end and the rear end of the moving seat mechanism 2 are respectively provided with an anti-collision seat. The number of the anti-collision seats is four, two ends of the outer side of each transverse plate 212 are respectively provided with one anti-collision seat, so that the anti-collision seats correspond to the blocking seats 17 and the vertical blocking blocks 18 at two ends of the track mechanism 1 respectively, when the movable seat mechanism 2 slides to the end part of the track mechanism 1, effective blocking and limiting are formed on the movable seat mechanism, and the purpose of limiting is achieved. Further, the length of the anti-collision seat 25a facing the vertical stop block 18 is greater than the length of the anti-collision seat 25b facing the stop seat 17, so as to avoid the arm support bracket 19 from being damaged when the moving seat mechanism 2 slides to the limit position of the vertical stop block 18.

The two ends of the moving seat mechanism 1 are respectively provided with a dustproof scraper 212a, specifically, the dustproof scraper 212a is fixed on the outer side of the transverse plate 212 to scrape and remove impurities such as dust and mud falling on the top surface of the longitudinal rail 12 on the rail mechanism 1.

A motor mounting seat 26 is arranged at any end part of the moving seat mechanism 2 outwards, a driving motor 27 is arranged on the motor mounting seat 26, the rotating shaft of the driving motor 27 faces downwards, a sliding driving gear 271 is arranged at the free end of the rotating shaft, the height of the bottom surface of the sliding driving gear 271 is higher than the height of the top surfaces of the supporting longitudinal beam 111 and the supporting transverse beam 112 of the track mechanism 1, and when the moving seat mechanism 2 is arranged on the track mechanism 1, the sliding driving gear 271 can just mesh with the longitudinal moving rack 15. Further, the motor mounting seat 26 is installed at one end of the stopper seat 17 to avoid interference with other devices of the cart.

The motor mounting seat 26 comprises a fixed vertical plate 261 and a fixed transverse plate 262 which are vertically connected with each other, the fixed vertical plate 261 is fixed on the outer side of the transverse plate 212 through bolts, and the sliding driving motor 27 is fixed on the fixed transverse plate 262; the driving fixing base 26 is further provided with fixing reinforcing plates 263 connected with the fixing vertical plate 261 and the fixing transverse plate 262 at both sides.

The moving seat mechanism 2 further comprises a top plate 28 and a bottom plate 29, wherein the bottom plate 29 covers the area between the two slide roller fixing plates 213, and the top plate 28 integrally covers the area between the two transverse plates 212 and the two longitudinal plates 211. The middle of the top plate 28 is provided with a plurality of bolt holes 281 arranged in a ring shape and evenly spaced for fixing the boom turret 3.

Remove seat mechanism 2 still be provided with all around and keep off mud device, avoid the during operation concrete to drop inside the machine and on the guide rail mechanism.

The pump pipe guide mechanism (hose guide mechanism) can drive the pump pipe to move in the moving process of the moving seat mechanism 2. If the pump lines are not guided by the guide means, the pump lines can be arranged disorderly on the carrier means and can interfere with other devices on the carrier means

Therefore, as shown in fig. 57-60, the present invention discloses a pump tube guiding mechanism, which comprises a guiding groove 1, wherein a guiding moving mechanism is arranged on the guiding groove 1, and the guiding moving mechanism reciprocates along the length direction of the guiding groove 1; and a hose is arranged in the guide groove 1, bypasses the guide moving mechanism and is connected to the guide moving mechanism to move along with the guide moving mechanism in the guide groove 1. The hose comprises an inner groove section and an outer groove section; and the outer section of the groove winds from the lower part of the guide moving mechanism to the upper part of the guide moving mechanism and is fixed on the guide moving mechanism. The port of inslot section is located guide way 1, and the port of the out-of-groove section is located direction moving mechanism top, and both ends port orientation is same direction, direction moving mechanism drives the out-of-groove section and moves along guide way 1, makes the relative bending of out-of-groove section and inslot section be similar to the shape of "U" font, and the both ends point of U font, the position of hose both ends mouth constantly changes promptly.

When the guide moving mechanism is connected with the moving seat mechanism 2, the moving trolley drives the guide moving mechanism to move, so that the positions of two ports of the hose are relatively moved, when the guide moving mechanism drives the outer section of the groove to move towards the direction of the port of the inner section of the groove, the guide moving mechanism pulls part of the hose out of the guide groove 1, and when the guide moving mechanism moves back, the pulled hose returns into the guide groove 1. In the process, the lengths of the inner section and the outer section of the groove are changed with the movement of the guide moving mechanism; the guide moving mechanism drives the groove outer section to move towards the port of the groove inner section, the length of the groove inner section is gradually shortened, and the length of the groove outer section is gradually lengthened; the guide moving mechanism drives the groove outer section to move towards the port of the groove inner section in the opposite direction, the length of the groove inner section is gradually lengthened, and the length of the groove outer section is gradually shortened. In the moving process of the guide moving mechanism, the moving track of the hose is fixed, the guide moving mechanism limits the part, fixed on the hose, to swing randomly, and the guide groove 1 limits the part, in which the hose is arranged, to swing randomly.

The guide moving mechanism comprises a guide wheel 2 and a wheel carrier 3, the guide wheel 2 is rotatably arranged on the wheel carrier 3 through a rotating shaft, and the hose is also connected to the wheel carrier 3; the guide wheel 2 is rotatably arranged on the guide groove 1.

The guide wheel 2 is arranged below the wheel frame 3, and the hose is wound to the upper part of the wheel frame 3 from the lower part of the wheel frame 3 and is fixed on the wheel frame 3.

The wheel carrier 3 comprises a connecting pipe 3-2, the upper end of the connecting pipe 3-2 is provided with a hose fixing pipe 3-3, and the lower end is provided with a guide wheel connecting pipe 3-1; the guide wheel 2 is rotatably arranged on the guide wheel connecting pipe 3-1 through a rotating shaft. The hose is fixed on the hose fixing pipe 3-3 through a hoop. The movable seat mechanism 2 can be connected with the wheel carrier 3, so as to drive the wheel carrier 3 to reciprocate on the guide groove 1.

The opening of the guide groove 1 is upward, and the opening of the guide groove is outward divergent, so that the width of the opening is larger than that of the groove bottom. Make the direction moving mechanism can be more convenient pull out partial hose, and then avoid the hose to hinder the direction moving mechanism and remove, when the direction moving mechanism returns simultaneously, the hose is also convenient for return in the guide way 1.

The guide wheel 2 is arranged at the opening of the guide groove 1, and the inner side surface of the opening of the guide groove 1 is a supporting surface of the guide wheel 2.

The guide groove 1 comprises an accommodating groove and a supporting surface, the supporting surface is arranged at the opening edge of the accommodating groove, and the supporting surface inclines outwards; the hose sets up in the holding tank, the rolling surface and the support facial line contact or the face contact of guide pulley 2. In the present embodiment, the rolling surface of the guide wheel 2 is in surface contact with two oblique sides of the trapezoid.

The pump pipe guide mechanism can effectively prevent the hose from swinging randomly in the moving process of following the moving parts such as the mechanical arm, the moving platform or the moving trolley. The hose can not interfere with other structures, the abrasion of the hose is reduced, the running reliability of the equipment is improved, and the whole structure is more attractive. The pump pipe guide mechanism can be used in the field of building construction of tunnels, bridges and the like, can not be stuck like a drag chain after concrete falls into the guide groove and the guide moving mechanism, and is convenient to clean. The invention has simple structure, multiple application fields and convenient popularization and use.

For example: the support arm frame is provided with a large arm and an auxiliary arm, and the auxiliary arm is arranged on the large arm; the template mechanism is arranged at the end part of the large arm, the large arm controls the template mechanism to be close to or far away from the excavated rock surface, a template fine adjustment mechanism is preferably arranged between the large arm and the template mechanism, and a mold cavity is formed or a mold is removed between the control template mechanism and the excavated rock surface; the spray head assembly is arranged at the end part of the auxiliary arm, so that the auxiliary arm can drive the spray head assembly to adjust the displacement, the angle and the direction in space.

For example, the support arm frame is provided with two arms, wherein a template mechanism and a spray head assembly are arranged on one large arm; a grouting component for vault and leakage repair is arranged on the other arm; or a template mechanism is arranged on one big arm, and a grouting component is arranged on the other arm (the grouting component comprises a template with a grouting hole, and a guniting pipe is directly inserted into the grouting hole); or the two large arms are respectively provided with a template mechanism and a spray head assembly, and the two arms are bilaterally symmetrical, and are simultaneously sprayed to the vault from two sides of the tunnel during construction.

For example: the support arm frame is provided with three arms, and comprises a grouting arm and two die spraying arms, wherein the die spraying arms are large arms and are arranged in bilateral symmetry, and the end parts of the die spraying arms are provided with template mechanisms and spray head assemblies; a grouting component is arranged on the grouting arm; or comprises a template arm, a slurry spraying arm and a grouting arm, wherein the template arm is provided with a template mechanism, the slurry spraying arm is provided with a spray head assembly, and the grouting arm is provided with a grouting assembly; or two template arms and a slurry spraying arm are included, the template arms are arranged in bilateral symmetry and provided with template mechanisms, and the slurry spraying arm is provided with a spray head assembly.

For example: the support arm frame is a frame type mechanism, a track arranged along the arch direction of the tunnel is arranged at the top of the support arm frame, a sliding mechanism capable of moving relatively is arranged on the track, a template mechanism and a spray head assembly are arranged on the sliding mechanism, and the template mechanism forms a mold cavity on the rock surface of the tunnel along with the sliding of the sliding mechanism.

In the above examples, the support arm may be a large arm (also known as a large arm mechanism) that can be used to adjust the gap/distance between the nozzle assembly and the template mechanism to the excavated surface of the rock, thereby allowing control of the entire apparatus. Wherein the big arm or big arm mechanism can adopt the following similar or similar knot structures:

wherein big arm mechanism is including the big arm revolving stage 3 that can rotate relatively on the horizontal plane, be equipped with the big arm of gyration 4 that can rotate relatively on vertical on big arm revolving stage 3, the front end of the big arm of gyration 4 is located to forearm mechanism 5, based on the relative rotation between the base member of the big arm of gyration 4, big arm revolving stage 3 and big arm mechanism, makes template mechanism 8 remove along with the front end of the big arm of gyration 4, and controls the distance and/or the angle between template mechanism 4 and the cliff for template mechanism 8 forms the die cavity in target cliff department and target cliff.

The large arm rotating platform 3 comprises a rotating platform frame 31, a horizontal rotating assembly and a vertical rotating assembly, the rotating platform frame 31 is fixed on a carrier mechanism through the horizontal rotating assembly and can horizontally rotate on the carrier mechanism, and the large rotating arm 4 is installed on the rotating platform frame 31 through the vertical rotating assembly and can rotate in a vertical plane by taking the vertical rotating assembly as a center.

The rotary table frame 31 is of an L-shaped structure integrally and comprises a rotary table bottom plate 311 and a rotary table vertical plate 312; the horizontal rotation assembly includes a horizontal large gear 32 and a horizontal rotation driving gear 323 engaged with the horizontal large gear 32. The horizontal bull gear 32 comprises a second bull gear ring 321 and a second ring gear shaft 322, and the horizontal bull gear 32 is directly fixed on the bolt hole 281 of the top plate 28 through a bolt; the turntable base plate 311 is fixed to the second ring gear shaft 322 of the horizontal large gear 32 by bolts. Bolt connecting holes 321a are formed in the second large gear ring 321 at uniform intervals in the circumferential direction, and bolt connecting holes 322a are also formed in the first ring gear shaft 322 at uniform intervals in the circumferential direction.

The horizontal rotation driving gear 323 is mounted on a rotation shaft of a horizontal rotation driving motor 324, and the horizontal rotation driving motor 324 is fixed to the turntable base plate 311 in a downward direction. The turntable base plate 311 comprises a motor mounting part 311a which exceeds the outer side of the horizontal bull gear 32, the horizontal rotation driving motor 324 is fixed on the motor mounting part 311a, and the motor mounting part 311a is connected with the main body of the turntable base plate 311 in a smooth transition manner.

The vertical rotation assembly includes a vertical large gear 33 and a vertical rotation driving gear 333 engaged with the vertical large gear 33. The vertical large gear 33 further comprises a first large gear ring 331 and a first annular gear shaft 332, the first annular gear shaft 332 is fixed on the turntable vertical plate 312, and the rotary large arm 4 is directly fixed on the first large gear ring 331. A plurality of bolt through holes 331a and bolt through holes 332a for fixing are respectively arranged on the first large gear ring 331 and the first ring gear shaft 331 at uniform intervals in the circumferential direction, that is, the first large gear ring 331 and the rotary large arm 4 are fixedly connected by bolts, and the first ring gear shaft 332 and the turntable vertical plate 312 are also fixedly connected by bolts.

The vertical rotation drive gear 333 is mounted on the turret riser 312 by a vertical rotation drive motor 334. The vertical rotation driving gears 333, one or more, are distributed around the first large gear ring 331 while being engaged therewith. Further, there are four vertical rotation driving gears 333 symmetrically disposed at left and right sides of the first large gear ring 331, respectively.

A fixing operation through hole 312a is formed in the rotating circumference of the turntable vertical plate 312, which is opposite to the bolt through hole 331a of the first large gear ring 331, so that bolts can be fed from the back of the turntable vertical plate 312 through the fixing operation through hole 312a, and the rotation between the rotary large arm 4 and the first large gear ring 331 is completed.

And a plurality of reinforced vertical plates 313 are connected between the turntable bottom plate 311 and the turntable vertical plate 312. The back of the rotary table vertical plate 312 is provided with pipeline supports 314 facing to two sides and used for supporting and fixing the pump pipe.

The big rotary arm 4 is of a telescopic structure, the front arm mechanism 5 is installed at the front end of the big rotary arm 4, the rear end of the big rotary arm 4 is fixed on the first large gear ring 331 of the big rotary table 3, and the maximum rotation angle of the big rotary arm 4 in the vertical plane is larger than 240 degrees.

The rotary large arm 4 is of a multi-section structure and is controlled to stretch and retract through a hydraulic part. In the present embodiment, the three sections are included, and include a swing rear arm 41, a swing middle arm 42, and a swing front arm 43. The tail end of the rear arm 41 of the large revolving arm 4 is provided with a box joint 412, a large arm connecting disc 411 is fixed on the box joint 412, and the large arm connecting disc 411 is provided with a connecting disc bolt through hole 411a corresponding to the bolt through hole 331a on the second large gear ring 331.

The rear swing arm 41 is provided with a pipe clamp 413 along the longitudinal direction for fixing a concrete delivery pipe, a hydraulic pipe, a high pressure air pipe and the like. The pipe clamps 413 comprise two pipe clamps, which are respectively fixed at the front end and the rear end of the side surface of the rear rotating arm 41, and each pipe clamp 413 is fixed on the rear rotating arm through a pipe clamp support 413 a.

The hose guide 44 is disposed at the same side of the front end of the middle rotary arm 42 and the pipe clamp 413 to support the relevant hose on the large rotary arm 4, and similarly, the hose guide 44 may also be disposed on the front rotary arm 43, but the front rotary arm 43 and the middle rotary arm 42 are preferably not disposed at the same time, because after the large rotary arm 4 is integrally recovered, the relevant hose clamp 44 may be clamped between the two hose guides, which affects the complete recovery of the front rotary arm 4. The hose guide 44 includes a guide cross member 441, and a bracket 442 fixed to the guide cross member 441. The cradle 442 may be provided with more than two hoses to space different functions or orientations. Each bracket 442 includes two downward facing bracket risers 443 secured to the guide frame cross member 441 and a bracket cross tube 444 connecting the two bracket risers 443 at the bottom. The bracket vertical pipe 443 and the bracket horizontal pipe 444 are sleeved with bracket rollers 445 to reduce friction damage to the related hoses and enable the related hoses to be guided more smoothly.

The front end of the rotary front arm 43 is provided with an upward rotary front arm elbow 431, the top surface of the rotary front arm elbow 431 is provided with an upward rotary front arm connecting seat 432, and a plurality of connecting holes 432a are uniformly arranged on the rotary front arm connecting seat 432 at intervals in the circumferential direction, so that the template mechanism 8 and the spray head assembly 9 can be conveniently installed.

Further, the front end of gyration forearm mechanism 5 is connected with to the big arm 4 of gyration, on forearm mechanism 5 was all located to template mechanism 8 and shower nozzle subassembly 9, just forearm mechanism 5 was connected through rotary mechanism 51 and the front end of gyration big arm 4, and specific joinable was on gyration forearm connecting seat 432, and template mechanism 8 and shower nozzle subassembly 9 can be rotatory around rotary mechanism 51 under rotary mechanism 51's effect.

The large rotary arm is also provided with a large rotary arm expansion amount detection sensor which is arranged on a hydraulic part, wherein the hydraulic part is a hydraulic oil cylinder and is used for detecting the expansion amount of the hydraulic oil cylinder.

In the above-mentioned supporting arm frame example, the supporting arm frame is designed to be a large arm, a large arm and an auxiliary arm, two arms, three arms or a frame-type arm frame structure, wherein when the large arm is used, the structure of the large arm mechanism or the similar structure can be used; in addition, when a non-large arm or an auxiliary arm is adopted, a spray head assembly, a template mechanism and the like are similar to those of the previous example, if the spray head assembly is connected to a spraying system for spraying concrete, the auxiliary arm can drive the spray head assembly to move in three dimensions, and the spray head assembly can be ensured to be inserted into or sprayed into the concrete above a mold cavity.

In the invention, the accelerator and the concrete are required to be mixed and then sprayed out of the die cavity through the spray head assembly, so that a spraying system is required to be set as an independent pumping system (independent spraying system), or a plurality of pumping systems are arranged in parallel and are connected to a material-agent mixer in a gathering manner; in the spraying system, the concrete conveying hose/accelerator conveying pipe is arranged on the automatic pump pipe supply mechanism, and the automatic pump pipe supply mechanism can wind, collect or discharge the conveying pipe.

The die spraying agent injection system comprises a concrete pumping mechanism, an accelerator pumping mechanism, compressed air supply equipment and an agent mixer; the concrete pumping mechanism is connected with the material-agent mixer and used for feeding concrete into the material-agent mixer; the compressed air supply equipment is connected with the material-agent mixer and sends compressed air into the material-agent mixer, so that the concrete and the accelerator are quickly, fully and uniformly mixed in the material-agent mixer and power is provided for the ejection of the concrete; the feed mixer is connected with a spray head assembly 9. The spray head assembly 9 sprays concrete mixed with an accelerator into the mold cavity. As shown in fig. 21, the spray head assembly 9 is disposed at the inlet above the mold cavity.

The feed mixer II-4 is of a hollow structure, the outlet end of the feed mixer II-4 is connected with the spray head assembly 9, and the inlet end of the feed mixer II-4 is connected with a concrete pumping mechanism; and a plurality of accelerator filling ports are formed in the side wall of the material-agent mixer 4, and the accelerator filling ports are connected with an accelerator pumping mechanism so that an accelerator and concrete are mixed in the material-agent mixer II-4. And a gas filling port is also formed in the inlet end or the side wall of the material-agent mixer and is connected with compressed air supply equipment.

And a plurality of accelerator filling ports are arranged on the outer wall of the material-agent mixer II-4, and at least two accelerator filling ports are arranged on the material-agent mixer II-4 at equal intervals.

As shown in fig. 25, the accelerator filler openings are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.

As shown in fig. 26, the accelerator filling ports are arranged at intervals in the oblique direction, and the interval of the accelerator filling ports is b from the rear section of the front end of the admixture mixer ii-4; in the circumferential direction, the interval of each accelerator filling port is a; the connecting line of each accelerator filling port is in a spiral line on the side wall of the material-agent mixer II-4.

The concrete pumping mechanism comprises pumping equipment II-1, a feeding pipe II-2 and a hose II-3, wherein the pumping equipment II-1 is connected with the feeding pipe II-2, and the feeding pipe II-2 is connected to the inlet end of a material-agent mixer II-4 through the hose II-3; the diameter of the inlet end of the feeding pipe II-2 is equal to that of the outlet end of the pumping equipment II-1, the diameter of the outlet end of the feeding pipe II-2 is equal to that of the inlet end of the hose II-3, and the diameter of the inlet end of the feeding pipe II-2 is larger than that of the outlet end of the feeding pipe II-2.

The feeding pipe II-2 comprises a plurality of reducing hard pipes; the reducing hard pipes are sequentially butted along the extension direction of the feeding pipe II-2, so that the diameter of the inlet end of the feeding pipe II-2 is larger than that of the outlet end of the feeding pipe II-2; wherein, along the extension direction of the feeding pipe II-2, the diameter of each diameter-variable hard pipe is gradually reduced from the inlet end to the outlet end.

Along the extension direction of the feeding pipes, the diameter of the inlet end of each hard pipe is equal to that of the outlet end of the previous hard pipe; the diameter of the outlet end of each hard tube is equal to the diameter of the inlet end of the next hard tube; the butt joint of each hard pipe is connected in a pipe clamp or threaded connection mode.

The accelerator pumping mechanism comprises an accelerator storage tank II-7, an accelerator pump and an accelerator filling pipe II-6, wherein an accelerator is stored in the accelerator storage tank II-7, the accelerator pump is configured on the accelerator storage tank II-7, the accelerator pump is connected with the accelerator filling pipe II-6, and the accelerator filling pipe II-6 is connected to an accelerator filling opening.

Furthermore, two accelerator storage tanks II-7 are arranged, so that more accelerators can be stored in the reservoirs, and the whole trolley can be weighted simultaneously, thereby playing a role of killing two birds with one stone

The compressed air supply equipment comprises a gas compressor II-9 and a gas filling pipe II-8, wherein the gas compressor II-9 is connected with a gas filling port on the material-agent mixer through the gas filling pipe II-8.

In addition, it is also possible to provide: the accelerator is firstly uniformly mixed with the compressed air and then injected into the material mixer, so that the accelerator can have certain pressure, can be more fully mixed with the concrete, and also provides power for the ejection of the concrete. As shown in fig. 23, the accelerator pumping mechanism is connected with the mixer II-10, and the accelerator is fed into the mixer II-10; the compressed air supply equipment is connected with the flow mixer II-10, compressed air is sent into the flow mixer II-10 to be mixed with the accelerating agent, and the flow mixer II-10 is connected with the material agent mixer, and the accelerating agent mixed with the compressed air is sent into the material agent mixer to be mixed with concrete.

The feed-mixing device II-4 is of a hollow structure, the outlet end of the feed-mixing device II-4 is connected with a spray head II-5, and the inlet end of the feed-mixing device II-4 is connected with a concrete pumping mechanism; and a plurality of accelerator filling ports are formed in the side wall of the material-agent mixer II-4, the accelerator filling ports are connected with a mixer II-10, and the mixer II-10 is respectively connected with an accelerator pumping mechanism and compressed air supply equipment.

The accelerator pumping mechanism comprises an accelerator storage tank II-7, an accelerator pump (wherein the accelerator can be a liquid accelerator, a powder accelerator, an alkali accelerator or an alkali-free accelerator), and an accelerator filling pipe II-6, the accelerator is stored in the accelerator storage tank II-7, the accelerator pump is configured on the accelerator storage tank II-7, the accelerator pump is connected with the accelerator filling pipe II-6, and the accelerator filling pipe II-6 is connected to the mixer II-10; and the mixer II-10 is connected to an accelerator filling port on the material-agent mixer through a filling pipe II-11.

The compressed air supply equipment comprises a gas compressor II-9 and a gas filling pipe II-8, wherein the gas compressor II-9 is connected to a mixer II-10 through the gas filling pipe II-8, and the mixer II-10 is connected to an accelerator filling opening on the material-agent mixer through a filling pipe II-11.

In addition, it is also possible to provide: and one or more groups of accelerator filling ports are arranged on the outer wall of the material-agent mixer II-4, wherein the accelerator filling ports of the same group are positioned on the same circumference.

When the accelerator filling ports are a group of accelerator filling ports, the accelerator filling ports are located on the same circumference and are arranged at equal intervals; as shown in fig. 24.

When a plurality of groups of accelerator filling ports are arranged, at least two groups of accelerator filling ports are arranged at equal intervals from the inlet end to the outlet end of the material-agent mixer II-4, and the accelerator filling ports in the same group are arranged at equal intervals on the same circumference; as shown in fig. 27 and 28.

In this embodiment, the accelerator filling ports are provided in multiple groups, and any two adjacent accelerator filling ports are circumferentially aligned or staggered with respect to each other. As shown in fig. 27, the accelerator fill ports are aligned.

As shown in fig. 28, the accelerator filler ports are arranged offset from each other.

In addition, it is also possible to provide: the feeding pipe II-2 comprises a plurality of reducing hard pipes and non-reducing hard pipes; the reducing hard pipe and the non-reducing hard pipe are sequentially butted along the extension direction of the feeding pipe II-2, so that the diameter of the inlet end of the feeding pipe II-2 is larger than that of the outlet end of the feeding pipe II-2; wherein, along the extension direction of the feeding pipe II-2, the diameter of each diameter-variable hard pipe is gradually reduced from the inlet end to the outlet end.

As shown in fig. 24, in this embodiment, the feeding pipe ii-2 includes five sections of hard pipes, i.e., a first hard pipe ii-21, a second hard pipe ii-22, a third hard pipe ii-23, a fourth hard pipe ii-24, and a fifth hard pipe ii-25, which are connected in sequence, and are all steel pipes, wherein the first hard pipe ii-21 and the third hard pipe ii-23 are bent pipes, the first hard pipe ii-21 is a non-reducing pipe, an inlet end of the first hard pipe ii-21 is connected to the pumping mechanism 1, an outlet end of the first hard pipe ii-21 is connected to the second reducing pipe, the third hard pipe ii-23 is a reducing pipe or a non-reducing pipe, and the fourth hard pipe ii-24 and the fifth hard pipe ii-25 are reducing pipes. The diameter of the whole feeding pipe II-2 is reduced from the inlet end to the outlet end in sequence. And the butt joint of each hard pipe is connected through a pipe clamp. The inlet end of the feeding pipe II-2 is connected to the pumping mechanism, and the outlet end of the feeding pipe II-2 is connected to the spray head assembly 9 through a hose II-3. The hose II-3 is a non-reducing pipe.

The invention can be provided with one or more material agent injection systems; with each charge injection system including one or more pumping mechanisms.

On the basis of the material agent spraying system, the accelerator pump is arranged in the accelerator barrel to save the space of the whole vehicle;

a sensor is added on the accelerator barrel or a pipeline at the inlet of the accelerator pump to detect whether the accelerator exists or not, so that the idling of the pump when the accelerator does not exist is prevented;

the accelerator pump is provided with an accelerator pump abrasion degree detection device, the abrasion condition of the accelerator pump is detected, and when the abrasion condition is serious, maintenance or replacement is carried out;

the mixer also has a cleaning function, and the probability of blockage of the mixer is reduced. The mixer is connected with a water pipe and an accelerator pipe in parallel, when the mixer is cleaned, the accelerator is cut off, and water is opened.

According to the invention, the spray system is connected with a spray head assembly, the first spray head scheme comprises a spray head body, the spray head body is provided with a spray head inlet and a spray head outlet which are communicated, and the opening size of the spray head outlet is larger than that of the spray head inlet, so that concrete entering the spray head inlet in a columnar shape is sprayed out in a conical shape which diverges outwards after passing through the spray head outlet. The sprayer inlet is positioned at the front end of the sprayer body, the sprayer outlet is positioned at the rear end of the sprayer body, and a cavity communicated with the sprayer inlet and the sprayer outlet is arranged in the sprayer body; the caliber of the cavity is gradually increased from the front end to the rear end of the spray head; the radial size of the nozzle body can be unchanged from the front end to the rear end, namely a cylinder or a prism; of course, the radial dimension of the spray head body may also gradually increase from the front end to the rear end of the spray head.

The sprayer body is conical, the sprayer inlet and the sprayer outlet are both circular, and the diameter of the sprayer outlet is larger than that of the sprayer inlet; the cavity in the spray head body is a conical cavity which communicates the spray head inlet with the spray head outlet. Because shower nozzle export opening size is greater than shower nozzle import opening size, and the cavity in the shower nozzle body is coniform, consequently make shower nozzle export spun can be the divergent formula blowout of coniform, can spread along the width direction and the thickness direction of die cavity, quick abundant filling die cavity.

In addition, the structure can also be adopted, and the spray head comprises a spray head body and a plurality of spray pipes; the front end of the spray head body is provided with a spray head inlet, the spray pipe is arranged at the rear end of the spray head body, and concrete enters the spray head body from the spray head inlet and then is sprayed out from the spray pipe.

The spray pipes are arranged in a row or a plurality of rows at the rear end of the spray head body, or arranged in a plurality of concentric circles at the rear end of the spray head body.

When the spray pipes are arranged in one or more rows, the spray pipes are gradually bent outwards from the center of each row to the two ends of each row, the bending radian is gradually increased, so that a part of concrete is sprayed towards the two ends of each row after being sprayed out of the spray pipes, namely towards the width direction of the mold cavity, and a part of concrete is sprayed towards the front. Because each row of spray pipes are gradually bent outwards towards two ends, a plurality of bent pipes are combined together, and the concrete is sprayed out in a fan-shaped manner.

When the spray pipes are arranged into a plurality of concentric circles, the spray pipes are gradually bent outwards like petals from the circle outwards, and the bending radian is larger at the edge. Under the guiding action of a plurality of spray pipes, the concrete is sprayed outwards in a conical shape.

In this embodiment, the concrete is directed by the bending of the nozzle so that the concrete is sprayed over a designated area, rather than being concentrated in one area. So that the concrete can be quickly and fully filled in each corner of the die cavity. Ensuring the filling effect and the filling speed.

In addition, the structure can also be adopted, the spray head comprises a spray head body, a spray head inlet and a spray head outlet which are communicated with each other are arranged on the spray head body, the spray head outlet is flat, the opening width of the cross section of the spray head outlet is greater than the opening height, and concrete is diffused towards the opening width direction after being sprayed out from the spray head outlet. The opening width and the opening height of the cross section of the nozzle inlet are equal; the opening width of the cross section of the outlet of the spray head is larger than that of the cross section of the inlet of the spray head; the height of the opening of the cross section of the outlet of the spray head is less than that of the opening of the cross section of the inlet of the spray head. The spray nozzle inlet is positioned at the front end of the spray nozzle body, and the spray nozzle outlet is positioned at the rear end of the spray nozzle body; the shower nozzle import and the shower nozzle export are through the cavity intercommunication in the shower nozzle body, the shower nozzle body is from front end to rear end, and its width crescent, the height reduces gradually, and its interior cavity width also crescent, and interior cavity height also reduces gradually. The cross section of the nozzle inlet is circular, and the cross section of the nozzle outlet is elliptical, rectangular or elongated. The spray head body comprises a connecting section and a flat nozzle; the spray nozzle inlet is located at the front end of the connecting section, the spray nozzle outlet is located at the rear end of the spray nozzle, the rear end of the connecting section is connected with the front end of the spray nozzle, the shape and the size of the outlet of the connecting section are matched with the shape and the size of the inlet of the spray nozzle, and the connecting section and the spray nozzle are integrally formed or can be detachably connected. From the front end to the rear end, the width and the height of the connecting section 1 are gradually reduced, and the width and the height of a cavity in the connecting section, which is communicated with the front end and the rear end of the connecting section, are also gradually reduced; from the front end to the rear end, the width of the nozzle is gradually increased, the height of the nozzle is gradually reduced, the width of a cavity which is arranged in the nozzle and connected with the front end and the rear end of the nozzle is gradually increased, and the height of the cavity is also gradually reduced.

According to the concrete sprayer for die spraying, the opening width of the cross section of the outlet of the sprayer is larger than the opening height, so that concrete is sprayed out from the outlet of the sprayer and then spreads in the width direction, when the sprayer is applied to die cavity spraying on a tunnel, the concrete can be dispersed in a die cavity and distributed towards the two sides of the die cavity as far as possible, and the die cavity and the corners of the die cavity are quickly, fully and uniformly filled with the concrete; as shown in figure 3, the spray head avoids the situation that materials are all concentrated in the middle of the width direction of the die cavity, so that the shape and the force bearing effect of the concrete support layer are influenced due to uneven distribution of concrete in the die cavity. The nozzle can enable concrete to be rapidly filled in the die cavity and the corners of the die cavity.

The nozzle outlet can also be provided with a guide plate, and the guide plate is used for changing the spraying direction of the concrete sprayed out from the nozzle outlet. One side of the guide plate is in butt joint with one side of the nozzle outlet, so that the radian of the plate surface of the guide plate is consistent with the radian of the butt joint edge of the nozzle outlet. An included angle is formed between the surface of the guide plate and the end face of the nozzle outlet, and the included angle ranges from 60 degrees to 120 degrees; when in use, the angle can be 60 degrees, 90 degrees or 120 degrees; preferably 85. Because the tunnel is arched, a certain inclination angle exists between the die cavity and the rock wall; therefore, when the common nozzle is adopted to spray in the mold cavity, concrete slurry can directly impact the rock wall; and be provided with the deflector in the exit, the deflector is located the top during use, and the breach is located the below, and when the export will be spouted to the concrete, the concrete can strike on the deflector, then kick-backs downwards, has avoided concrete impact pressure too big, leads to the phenomenon emergence that the cliff was broken by washing, too much when also having avoided the concrete blowout simultaneously to disperse and then run out from the die cavity upper end. The included angle of adjustment deflector and nozzle end face, the angle of adjusting the deflector promptly and detaining in to the shower nozzle exit, what make the concrete can be better sprays to the assigned direction, avoids causing the impact to the cliff.

The nozzle outlet can be also internally provided with a separator which divides the nozzle outlet into a plurality of independent spray holes. The partition piece divides the nozzle outlet into a plurality of circular hole nozzles.

In addition, in order to match the spray head assembly/spray head with the template/mold cavity for concrete injection, fine adjustment needs to be carried out on the spray head assembly before injection or in the injection process, so that a spray head fine adjustment mechanism can be arranged, wherein the spray head fine adjustment mechanism comprises a spray head pitching fine adjustment mechanism and a spray head rotating fine adjustment mechanism, and the spray head assembly is connected to the spray head pitching fine adjustment mechanism and/or the spray head rotating fine adjustment mechanism; the nozzle pitching fine adjustment mechanism can adjust the pitching angle/direction of the nozzle assembly; the rotating fine adjustment mechanism of the spray head can adjust the rotating angle/direction of the spray head component; the nozzle pitching fine adjustment mechanism and the nozzle rotating fine adjustment mechanism are connected and matched with each other, and the angle/direction of the nozzle assembly relative to the mold cavity is adjusted. So as to ensure the effect and quality of the injection casting.

The fine adjustment mechanism also comprises a spray head fixing seat 7, and the rotary fine adjustment mechanism is fixed on the spray head fixing seat 7; the pitching fine adjustment mechanism and the spray head assembly 9 are both arranged on the rotary fine adjustment mechanism, and the whole pitching fine adjustment mechanism and the spray head assembly 9 rotate under the action of the rotary fine adjustment mechanism. The pitching fine adjustment mechanism is arranged as an oil cylinder, an air cylinder, a gear mechanism or a chain transmission mechanism so as to adjust the front and back angles/directions of the spray head assembly 9 relative to the mold cavity; the rotary fine adjustment mechanism is an oil cylinder, an air cylinder, a gear mechanism or a chain transmission mechanism so as to adjust the left and right angles/directions of the spray head assembly relative to the die cavity.

Further, the rotation fine adjustment mechanism is a rotation oil cylinder 73, and a nozzle support plate 74 is fixed on a rotating shaft of the rotation oil cylinder 73; the pitching fine adjustment mechanism is a pitching oil cylinder 75, the pitching oil cylinder 75 is hinged on the nozzle support plate 74, a piston rod 752 of the pitching oil cylinder 75 is hinged with the nozzle assembly 9, and the nozzle assembly 9 is hinged on the nozzle support plate 74 (specifically hinged at a hinge support 741 at the lower end), so that the pitching oil cylinder 75 controls the pitching angle/direction of the nozzle assembly 9.

The nozzle fine adjustment mechanism comprises a pitching fine adjustment mechanism and a rotating fine adjustment mechanism, wherein the nozzle assembly 9 is connected to the pitching fine adjustment mechanism and/or the rotating fine adjustment mechanism; the pitching fine adjustment mechanism can adjust the pitching angle/direction of the spray head assembly 9; the rotary fine adjustment mechanism can adjust the rotation angle/direction of the spray head assembly 9; the pitching fine adjustment mechanism and the rotating fine adjustment mechanism are connected and matched with each other, and the angle/direction of the spray head assembly 9 relative to the mold cavity is adjusted, so that the injection casting effect and quality are ensured.

The template and the template mechanism need to be matched with a rock surface and a steel arch to form a mold cavity, so the template mechanism can be designed into a plate template, a combined template, a side template, an electromagnetic template, an air bag type template, a belt template and/or a chain plate type template.

The plate template (also called flat template) 8 comprises a template 81, a template rotation adjusting mechanism and/or a template pitching adjusting mechanism, the surface of the template 81 is an arc-shaped surface, and the template 81 is arranged on the template rotation adjusting mechanism and/or the template pitching adjusting mechanism; wherein the rotation adjusting mechanism can adjust the rotation angle of the template 81, and the template pitch adjusting mechanism can adjust the pitch angle of the template 81. The template 81 is hinged to the template support 85, the template support 85 is connected with a template pitching adjusting mechanism, and the template pitching adjusting mechanism is connected to the template 81, so that the template pitching adjusting mechanism can adjust the pitching angle of the template 81 relative to the template support 85. The hinged point of the template support 85 and the template 81 and the connecting point of the template pitching angle adjusting mechanism and the template 81 are both positioned at different heights of the template 81 in the same vertical direction; the template pitching angle adjusting mechanism is arranged as an oil cylinder, an air cylinder, a gear mechanism or a chain transmission mechanism.

Further, the template pitch angle adjusting mechanism is a template pitch cylinder 86, a cylinder body 861 of the template pitch cylinder 86 is hinged on the template support 85, and a piston rod 862 of the template pitch cylinder is hinged on the template 81; wherein the hinged point of the piston rod 862 to the template 81 is located below the hinged point of the template support 85 to the template 81, so that the extension and retraction of the template pitch cylinder 86 controls the pitch angle of the template 81 relative to the template support 85.

The template support 85 is connected to the forearm mechanism 5 through a template rotation adjusting mechanism, so that the template rotation adjusting mechanism can adjust the rotation angle of the template 81. The template rotation adjusting mechanism is a gear mechanism which is meshed with each other, and the gear mechanism enables the template support 85 and the front arm mechanism 5 to rotate relatively for a certain angle, so that the rotation angle of the template can be adjusted. The template rotation adjusting mechanism is not specifically shown in the drawing, but the existing rotating mechanism can be applied to the template rotation adjusting mechanism to realize the rotation control of the template support 85 by taking the axis of the front arm mechanism as the central line, so that the control of the template mechanism 8 is more accurate, and the adaptability to the working condition is stronger. The specific implementation of the template rotation adjusting mechanism can refer to the rotating oil cylinder 73 of the nozzle fine adjustment mechanism, and is taken as a specific implementation.

The arc-shaped surface of the template 81 has the same radian as the steel arches arranged in the tunnel, and when the template is attached to more than two adjacent steel arches, more than one die cavity is formed between the template 81 and the steel arches including the rock wall. The surface of the formwork 81 is provided with an interlayer 811, and when the concrete is injected into the formwork cavity, the interlayer 811 is arranged between the concrete and the surface of the formwork 81, so that the concrete does not directly contact the surface of the formwork 81.

The template mechanism 8 comprises a template body 81, and transverse reinforcing rib plates 82 and longitudinal reinforcing rib plates 83 which are arranged on the back of the template body 81 in a staggered mode; the radian of the template body 81 is the same as that of the steel arch frames, and more than two adjacent steel arch frames are tightly attached to the outer plate surface of the template body 81. The purpose that sets up like this is that, when template body 81 covers two adjacent rows of steel arches simultaneously in the vertical in tunnel, just can enclose between template body 81 and the two rows of steel arches and close and form a horizontal die cavity of waiting to spray and pouring, when template body 81 covers many adjacent steel arches, will form a plurality of horizontal die cavities at same height, then template mechanism 8 is once upwards removed from the steel arch bottom, can form bigger area that can spray and pour, with the efficiency of construction that effectively improves the mould and spout and pour.

The stencil mechanism 8 and the showerhead assembly 9 are both mounted on the forearm mechanism 5, with the showerhead assembly 9 positioned above the stencil mechanism 8. Therefore, the spraying direction of the wet spraying nozzle can be ensured to be sprayed from the top of the transverse mold cavity, and the spraying and pouring quality can be ensured.

The back of the template body 81 is provided with a first hinged support 84, the first hinged support 84 is connected with a template support 85, and the template support 85 can be connected and fixed with the forearm mechanism.

The template support 85 includes a support elbow 851, a support connection plate 852 and a template connection seat 853, and the support connection plate 852 is fixed to the horizontal top end of the support elbow 851, has the same shape as the forearm connection plate 53, and is connected thereto by bolts.

The template connecting seat 853 comprises a template horizontal seat plate 853a and a template vertical seat plate 853b, the template horizontal seat plate 853a is fixed at the vertical bottom end of the support elbow 851, and the template vertical seat plates 853b are fixed at two sides of the template horizontal seat plate 853a and connected with the template hinged support 84 through a rotating shaft.

A template pitching cylinder 86 is further connected between the back of the template body 81 and the template support 85 for adjusting the pitching angle of the template mechanism 8.

A cylinder body hinged support 854 is arranged between the two template vertical base plates 853b at the bottom of the template horizontal base plate 853a so as to be connected with a cylinder body 861 of the template pitching cylinder 86; and a second hinge support 87 of the template pitch cylinder 86 is arranged at the back of the template body 81 and below the first hinge support 84 so as to be connected with a piston rod 862 of the template pitch cylinder 86. Further, the second hinge support 87 is arranged on the template body 81

The seat plate of the template hinged support 84 and two longitudinal reinforcing rib plates 83 positioned at the center are integrally formed.

And the side faces of the seat boards of all the hinged supports are provided with seat board reinforcing rib plates.

The interlayer 811 arranged on the outer surface of the template body 81 is a replaceable wear-resistant plastic layer and can be replaced very conveniently.

In actual use, the template mechanism 8 can be manufactured into finished products with different dimensions and specifications, and can be selectively used in different construction sites to meet different customer requirements. Specifically, the template mechanism 8 can be made into one (can cover two adjacent steel arches simultaneously), two (can cover three adjacent steel arches simultaneously) or three (can cover four adjacent steel arches simultaneously) or more, and all the template mechanisms 8 are provided with the template support 85, and can be conveniently connected and fixed with the forearm connecting plate 83 of the forearm mechanism 5 through the template support 85, so that the replacement operation of the template mechanism 8 is convenient and rapid.

The die spraying method can realize zero springback, the consumption of concrete can be reduced by 20-40% in the same operation range, the consumption of the accelerator is reduced, and the economic benefit and the social benefit are obvious; the surface finish is high, the later shaping is not needed, the construction period is shortened, and the production efficiency is greatly improved; the construction safety is good, the whole-range remote control operation mechanical construction is realized, and the construction safety is greatly improved.

The concrete structure of the template in the template mechanism is described, the template comprises a template body 81, the edge profile of the template body 81 is rectangular, the working surface of the template body 81 is an arc surface with the middle part protruding outwards, and the arc profile of the working surface is in the length direction of the template body. In the length direction of the working surface of the template body 81, the radian is set to be matched with the radian of the steel arch in the tunnel. Or, the working surface of the template body 81 is an arc surface, and the arc surface is arranged along the length direction of the template body 81. The non-working surface of the template body 81 is further provided with a first hinged support 84 connected with the control frame and a second hinged support 87 connected with the pitching angle adjusting mechanism, and the second hinged support 87 and the first hinged support 84 are both located on the same vertical direction of the template at different heights. Further, the second hinge support 87 of the template is positioned below the first hinge support 84.

An interlayer 811 is arranged on the working surface of the formwork, and when the concrete is sprayed into the formwork cavity, the interlayer 811 is arranged between the concrete and the surface of the formwork, so that the concrete does not directly contact the surface of the formwork. The interlayer 811 is made of flexible plastic, and the template is also provided with an interlayer continuous replacement mechanism.

The upper end and the lower end of the template are respectively provided with a release reel 88 and a recovery reel 89 of a plastic interlayer, and the length of the plastic interlayer 811 is longer than the height of the template and not less than the width of the template; a plastic interlayer 811 is wound on the release reel 88 and is wound on the recovery reel 89 after passing around the front surface of the form; and the recovery reel 89 is connected with a driving device (not shown in the figure, which can be a rotary oil cylinder) to enable the recovery reel 89 to automatically rotate to recover the damaged plastic interlayer, and the release reel 88 is provided with an automatic locking mechanism (not shown in the figure) which can automatically lock the plastic interlayer in front of the surface of the template after being updated.

Furthermore, the template is of a combined structure and is formed by connecting a plurality of single templates in a foldable/foldable manner in the transverse/longitudinal direction; any two adjacent single templates are arranged at intervals or connected together through hinges.

The invention also discloses a die spraying method for constructing the tunnel supporting layer by using the template, which comprises the following steps:

s1: the large arm mechanism controls the template mechanism and the spray head assembly to be close to the target rock wall of the tunnel together, and the template pitching cylinder adjusts the angle of the template body relative to the rock wall, so that the template body, the rock surface and other auxiliary mechanisms/auxiliary structures are matched to form a die cavity for pouring;

s2: on the template mechanism, the front-back position and the transverse position of the spray head assembly relative to the mold cavity are adjusted through the spray head displacement mechanism, so that the spray head assembly is positioned right above the mold cavity; then, the pitching angle and the transverse angle of the spray head assembly relative to the mold cavity are adjusted through the spray head fine adjustment mechanism, so that the spray head assembly can face a pouring opening at the top of the mold cavity at the optimal angle;

s3: starting a material agent injection system, conveying concrete to the sprayer assembly, and injecting the concrete into the mold cavity by a nozzle of the sprayer assembly until the pouring of the mold cavity is completed;

s4: when the concrete in the mold cavity is solidified, the template mechanism is released and moves upwards along the tunnel rock wall, a new mold cavity is formed according to the method of the step S1, the bottom of the template is overlapped with the solidified concrete adjacent to the lower part, and the bottom of the new mold cavity is closed by the solidified concrete; and repeating the steps S2 and S3, and completing the pouring of the new mold cavity.

S5: repeating the step S4 to finish the mould-spraying pouring of the supporting layer from the bottom to the top of the single-side rock wall of the section;

or spraying the left rock wall for a section and then spraying the right rock wall to the vault alternatively; or the left rock wall is sprayed with a section, then the right rock wall is directly sprayed to the vault, and then the left rock wall is sprayed to the vault.

S6: and simultaneously turning the template mechanism and the spray head assembly to the other side of the same section of the tunnel, and repeating the steps S1-S5 to finish the mould spraying and pouring of the rock wall on the other side of the section.

And step S7, overlapping the supporting concrete layers poured on the left side wall and the right side wall of the same section of the tunnel at the top of the tunnel, supporting and strickling the overlapping parts by using templates after the overlapping parts are filled, and integrally completing the mold-jet pouring of the tunnel profile of the section.

And after the mold spraying pouring of the rock wall of one section is finished, repeating the step SI-S7 to continuously perform the mold spraying pouring to the depth of the tunnel.

The formwork is attached to more than two adjacent steel arches, so that a formwork cavity to be poured is formed among the formwork, the rock wall, the steel arches and the bottom surface of the tunnel or the adjacent lower solidified concrete.

In the process of forming the first-layer die cavity at the bottom of each section of the secondary rock wall of the tunnel, the bottom of the template is in contact with the bottom surface of the tunnel, and the bottom surface of the tunnel is sealed against the bottom of the first-layer die cavity.

According to the distance between the target rock wall and the large arm rotary table, the template mechanism and the spray head assembly are preliminarily adjusted through the expansion of the rotary large arm and the rotation control of the vertical rotating assembly of the large arm rotary table so as to approach the target rock wall.

When a transverse included angle exists between the template and the rock wall, the rotating mechanism controls the front arm mechanism to drive the template to rotate at a low speed until the template and the target rock wall are parallel to compensate the included angle between the template and the rock wall.

After the unilateral rock wall mold spraying of the same section is finished, the rotary large arm, the spray head assembly and the template mechanism are driven to rotate to the other side for mold spraying and pouring under the action of the horizontal rotating assembly of the large arm rotary table.

After the integral die-spraying pouring of the rock wall of one section is finished, the large arm mechanism, the template mechanism and the sprayer assembly on the large arm mechanism are driven to integrally and longitudinally move towards the tunnel through the sliding of the moving seat mechanism of the sliding mechanism, so that the large arm mechanism is suitable for the die-spraying pouring of the next rock wall section at the longitudinal position of the tunnel.

When the movable seat mechanism slides to the end of the track mechanism and is combined with the rotation compensation of the large-arm rotary table, the telescopic compensation of the rotary large arm and the rotation compensation accumulation of the rotary mechanism can not enable the template and the next rock wall to form a castable mold cavity, the movable seat mechanism can be retreated to the initial position of the track mechanism, and the trolley is moved forward once.

As the stencil assembly moves upwardly, the angle between the stencil and the forearm assembly decreases, causing the distance between the top of the stencil assembly and the showerhead assembly to increase, and the longitudinal showerhead slide may be correspondingly adjusted to slide forwardly relative to the forearm assembly so that the distance between the showerhead assembly and the newly formed mold cavity remains within a desired range.

In the process of continuously spraying the spray head assembly to the mold cavity, the spray head fixing seat continuously moves left and right transversely on the transverse moving arm, so that the spray head assembly on the spray head fixing seat continuously moves left and right at the top of the mold cavity.

The shower nozzle subassembly is at the injection in-process that is continuous to the die cavity, and when the shower nozzle subassembly moved the both sides that are close the die cavity, shower nozzle fine-tuning control shower nozzle subassembly small-angle left and right sides was rotatory to guarantee the concrete placement quality of die cavity at the inboard junction of steel bow member, avoid appearing the hollowing in the junction.

In addition, besides the construction method, the method can also be used; a plurality of cavities are formed at a time by a form body or a plurality of form bodies, each cavity having a spray head assembly for spraying concrete into the cavity. It is also possible to spray concrete gradually from one nozzle to several cavities.

The template body can be further provided with a vibration mechanism, so that the concrete can be sprayed and vibrated at the same time, and the concrete is more compact in the cavity.

The template and the agent injection system can also be independently arranged on two independent carriers to form two devices. The construction of the supporting layer is realized through the cooperation of the two devices.

The formwork body may be provided in a foldable multi-stage formwork, and after the multi-stage formwork is unfolded by folding, a plurality of cavities may be formed between two steel arches. So that the mold cavity is directly distributed on the left side wall, the right side wall and the top of the tunnel. The construction speed is improved.

In addition, the template mechanism can also adopt a combined template, and the invention also provides another template mechanism and a construction method using the template mechanism.

As shown in fig. 29-41, the combined shuttering mechanism of the present invention includes a shuttering set, wherein the shuttering set is formed by connecting more than two single shuttering in a manner of being foldable/foldable in the horizontal direction and/or the vertical direction; the integral template formed by unfolding the template group can be matched with an excavated rock surface to form at least one mold cavity; the template group is connected to the frame/carrier, and an opening and closing control mechanism is arranged between the single templates of the template group.

Furthermore, the template group is formed by connecting more than two single templates in a foldable/foldable manner in the transverse direction, adjacent single templates are hinged with each other and connected through an opening and closing control mechanism, and the opening and closing control mechanism can adjust the opening and closing of the adjacent single templates. The opening and closing control mechanism is a lateral oil cylinder 6, and a cylinder body and a piston rod of the lateral oil cylinder 6 are respectively hinged on two adjacent templates; the set of templates is connected to the frame/carrier by means of a template holder 4. The template set further comprises a pitching angle adjusting mechanism and/or a rotating angle adjusting mechanism, wherein the rotating angle adjusting mechanism can adjust the rotating angle of the template, and the pitching angle adjusting mechanism can adjust the pitching angle of the template.

Any single template can be hinged on the template support 4, and the pitching angle adjusting mechanism is set as a template pitching oil cylinder 5; the cylinder body of the template pitching cylinder 5 is hinged on the template support 4, and the piston rod of the template pitching cylinder is hinged on the single template connected with the template support, so that the template pitching cylinder 5 stretches out and draws back to control the pitching angle of the template.

The template mechanism is connected with the frame/carrier through a front arm mechanism, the template group is connected on the front arm mechanism, and the front arm mechanism is connected with the template support through a rotary adjusting mechanism (not shown in the figure), so that the rotating angle of the template group can be controlled.

In addition, the combined template can also have the following structure: the template group is formed by connecting more than two single templates in a foldable/foldable manner in the transverse direction, adjacent single templates are hinged with each other and connected through an opening and closing control mechanism, and the opening and closing control mechanism can adjust the opening and closing of the adjacent single templates. The utility model discloses a tunnel construction method, including template group, excavation rock face and side form mechanism, the horizontal limit portion department of the single mode board at template group's both ends is equipped with side form mechanism 3, side form mechanism 3 includes the side template subassembly, the side template subassembly can stretch out and draw back and paste in the excavation face in tunnel on the single mode board direction that the perpendicular to is connected, makes can mutually support between template group, excavation rock face and the side template mechanism and form the die cavity.

The side template assembly is formed by arranging a plurality of side template units 31 in the vertical direction, and each side template unit 31 is connected with a telescopic mechanism respectively, so that any side template unit can relatively independently perform telescopic motion.

The side die mechanism further comprises a side die support 32, the side die support 32 is fixed at the transverse side part of the connected single die plate, the side die support 32 is arranged perpendicular to the connected single die plate, and the side die plate unit 31 is attached to the side surface of the transverse side part of the side die mechanism and is arranged in the side die support to move in a relatively telescopic mode.

Side form unit 31 includes interior stroke frame 311, side mold cover 312 and telescopic machanism, side mold cover 312 slidable cover is established on interior stroke frame 311, telescopic machanism establishes to hydro-cylinder, gear mechanism or chain drive mechanism, side mold cover and interior stroke frame are connected to telescopic machanism to slide on the stroke frame including the control side mold cover.

In addition, the combined template can also have the following structure: the template group comprises a main template 1, an auxiliary template 2, a side template assembly 3, a template support 4, a pitching oil cylinder 5, a lateral oil cylinder 6 and a hinged support 7, wherein the main template 1 is hinged on the template support 4, and two transverse edges of the main template 1 are respectively hinged with the auxiliary template 2. The lateral oil cylinder 6 is used as an opening and closing control mechanism and arranged on the middle template 1 and is respectively connected with and controls the opening and closing of the two auxiliary templates 2; the integral template group formed by the three templates is matched with the excavated rock surface to form 1 or more mold cavities.

That is, the formwork group is formed by three single formworks, which are connected in a foldable/foldable manner in the transverse direction, namely a main formwork 1 in the middle and sub formworks 2 positioned at both sides of the main formwork. The combined template mechanism can integrally cover more than two adjacent steel arches erected on the tunneling surface of the tunnel at any height; the main template 1 and the auxiliary template 2 are hinged together through a hinged support 7; the piston rod of the lateral oil cylinder 6 is connected with the auxiliary template 2 through a hinged support 21, the back parts of two sides of the main template 1 are respectively provided with a lateral oil cylinder hinged support plate 13 which is vertically protruded out of the main template 1, and the cylinder body of the lateral oil cylinder 6 is connected with the lateral oil cylinder hinged support plate 13 through a hinged support 14, so that the lateral included angle between the auxiliary template 2 and the main template 1 can be controlled by controlling the extension and contraction of the piston rod of the lateral oil cylinder 6, and the combined template mechanism can be used for tightly attaching the steel arch centering forming the die cavity to a section to be sprayed.

The width of the main template 1 is larger than that of the auxiliary template 2, and the width of the main template 1 is also larger than the distance between the outer sides of two adjacent steel arches, so that three-truss type template groups can adapt to the fluctuation among a plurality of steel arches, and the probability of gaps between the template groups and the steel arches is reduced as much as possible.

The template group comprises a main template 1 and two auxiliary templates 2 positioned on two sides of the main template, the total width of the template group can cover four adjacent continuous steel arches, so that three mold cavities to be poured are formed between the template group and the four steel arches, and when the template group moves from bottom to top on a tunnel excavation surface, the template group can simultaneously spray and pour three transversely continuous mold cavities once moving, so that the spraying and pouring construction efficiency is improved undoubtedly and greatly. The template set is designed into a combined structure, mainly because every two or more adjacent steel arches are not strictly in the same plane due to the steel arches arranged in the excavated tunnel, if a single large-span main template is adopted to cover a plurality of steel arches (such as more than three), a closed die cavity cannot be formed between the main template and the steel arches to the maximum extent, so that gaps are formed at partial joint positions, and further, concrete can leak outwards in the spray casting process. And adopt the template group structure of combination, can carry out angle adjustment in certain extent between master template 1 and the vice template 2, master template 1 can carry out complete laminating with two steel arches of center department, simultaneously through the angle between the vice template 2 of adjustment both sides and master template 1, also can furthest let steel arch and the vice template in the outside form good laminating, has reduced the probability that the gap appears, has reduced the leakage loss volume of concrete, has improved the construction quality who spouts and waters.

The front surfaces of the main template 1 and the auxiliary template 2 are cambered surfaces, the radian of the cambered surfaces is the same as or similar to that of a steel arch frame as far as possible, and the back of the main template 1 is provided with transverse reinforcing rib plates 15 and longitudinal reinforcing rib plates 16 in a staggered manner; the back of the auxiliary template 2 is also provided with transverse reinforcing rib plates 22 and longitudinal reinforcing rib plates 23 in a staggered manner so as to enhance the overall strength of the main template 1 and the auxiliary template 2.

The back of the main template 1 is hinged with a template support 4 and can be connected with a carrier, such as a rotary large arm of a die spraying trolley, through the template support 4. And the main template 1 is also provided with a pitching oil cylinder 5, and two ends of the pitching oil cylinder 5 are respectively hinged with the template support 4 and the back of the main template 1 and used for adjusting the integral pitching angle of the template set.

Specifically, the back of the main template 1 is provided with a template hinged support 11, and the template hinged support 11 is connected with the template support 4 and can be fixedly connected with the rotary large arm through the template support 4. The template support 4 comprises a support elbow 41, a support connecting plate 42 and a template connecting seat 43, wherein the support connecting plate 42 is fixed at the horizontal top end of the support elbow 41 so as to be connected with a large rotary arm conveniently. The formwork connecting seat 43 comprises a formwork horizontal seat plate 43a and a formwork vertical seat plate 43b, the formwork horizontal seat plate 43a is fixed at the vertical bottom end of the support elbow 41, and the formwork vertical seat plate 43b is fixed at two sides of the formwork horizontal seat plate 43a and connected with the formwork hinge support 11 through a rotating shaft. A cylinder body hinged support 44 is arranged between the two template vertical seat plates 43b at the bottom of the template horizontal seat plate 43a to connect the cylinder body of the pitching cylinder 5; and a piston rod hinged support 12 of the pitching oil cylinder 5 is arranged at the back of the main template 1 and below the template hinged support 11 so as to be connected with a piston rod of the pitching oil cylinder 5. Therefore, when the die spraying trolley drives the die plate group to move to different heights on the steel arch frame through the rotary large arm, the pitch angle of the whole die plate group can be freely adjusted by controlling the extension and contraction of the piston rod of the pitch oil cylinder 5, so that the die plate group and the steel arch frame are attached to the best state, and the best die spraying effect is achieved.

Preferably, the seat plate of the template hinged support 11 and the two longitudinal reinforcing rib plates positioned at the center are integrally formed; the side faces of the seat plates of all the hinged supports are provided with seat plate reinforcing rib plates; the outer side surfaces of the main template 1 and the auxiliary template 2 are provided with a layer of wear-resistant plastic interlayer so as to effectively protect the surface of the template group, and when the wear-resistant plastic interlayer does not meet the surface quality requirement, the wear-resistant plastic interlayer can be conveniently replaced.

In addition, the combined template can also have the following structure: on the basis of embodiment 3, the side form mechanism 3 is arranged on two sides (namely the free side ends of the auxiliary forms on two sides) of the form group consisting of the three forms, the side form mechanism 3 for concrete mold spraying comprises a side form support 32 and a telescopic side form module, the side form support 32 is fixed on the side part of the connected form, the side form module is arranged on the side form support 32 and can be telescopic in the direction perpendicular to the connected form, the extended side form module can be supported on the excavated rock surface of the tunnel, and the excavated rock surface, the form and the side form module can be matched with each other to form a form cavity.

The sideform assembly is composed of a plurality of sideform units 31 arranged in series, and each sideform unit 31 can perform independent telescopic movement. The side die plate unit 31 comprises an inner stroke frame 311, a side die cover 312 and a telescopic mechanism, wherein the side die cover 312 is slidably sleeved on the inner stroke frame 311; the telescopic mechanism is an oil cylinder, an air cylinder, a gear mechanism or a chain transmission mechanism, and is used for controlling the side mold cover 312 to slide on the inner stroke frame. Further, the telescopic mechanism is a telescopic cylinder 313, a cylinder of the telescopic cylinder 313 is connected to the inner stroke frame 311, and a piston rod of the telescopic cylinder 313 is connected to the side die cover 312 and slides relative to the inner stroke frame 311 by controlling the telescopic movement of the piston rod to control the side die cover 312. The telescopic cylinder 313 is arranged inside the inner stroke frame 311, and a plurality of sliding blocks 314 are arranged between the inner stroke frame 311 and the side mold cover 312 at uniform intervals. The sliding blocks 314 are installed on the outer side surfaces of the inner stroke frame 311, a sliding block installation groove 314a is formed in the installation position of each sliding block 314 of the inner stroke frame 311, and the sliding blocks 314 are fixed in the sliding block installation grooves 314a through bolts. The sliding block 314 is made of a polytetrafluoroethylene plate, and the sliding block 314 made of the polytetrafluoroethylene plate has the characteristics of high strength and low friction coefficient, so that the side die cover 313 and the inner stroke frame 311 can slide more smoothly, and the problem of large friction resistance caused by direct contact between metals is avoided. Meanwhile, the slider group consisting of the sliders 314 makes the contact area with the inner surface of the side mold cover 313 smaller, further reducing the frictional resistance. The inner stroke frame 311 and the side mold cover 312 are both of hollow rectangular structures, and are respectively provided with a longitudinal inner stroke frame opening and a longitudinal side mold cover opening on the same side, a fixed seat 315 is arranged in the inner stroke frame, and a cylinder body of the telescopic cylinder 313 is arranged on the fixed seat 315; the fixed seat 315 is connected to the side die holder 32 at the side of the opening of the inner stroke frame 311. Further, the front end and the rear end of the inner stroke frame 311 are respectively provided with a fixing seat 315, and a cylinder mounting hole 315b is formed in the front end fixing seat and the rear end fixing seat, and the cylinder body of the telescopic cylinder 313 is fixed on the fixing seat 315 through the cylinder mounting hole 315 b. Specifically, a plurality of cylinder connecting screw holes 315c are uniformly spaced around a cylinder through hole 315b of the front end fixing base 315, and a cylinder connecting seat plate 313a is disposed at the front end of the cylinder body of the side die cylinder 313 and fixed with the front end fixing base 315 through bolts. The bottom end of the fixed seat 315 is in a shape like a Chinese character 'tu', and is fixed on the inner surface of the inner stroke frame 311, the top end of the fixed seat extends out of the inner stroke frame opening of the inner stroke frame 311, and is provided with a fixed transverse plate 315a, and the inner stroke frame 311 is connected with the side mold bracket 32 through the fixed transverse plate 315 a.

The inner cavity of the inner stroke frame 311 is uniformly provided with a plurality of U-shaped reinforcing rib plates 316 at intervals to enhance the overall strength of the inner stroke frame 311, and the U-shaped inner stroke frame is designed to facilitate the installation of the side die cylinder 313.

The front end of the inner wall of the side mold cover 312 is provided with a piston rod connecting seat 312a which is connected with the top of a piston rod of the telescopic cylinder 313. The front end of the side mold cover 312 is closed to prevent soil and subsequently sprayed concrete from entering the side mold cover 312 after the side mold cover 312 extends out to contact with the excavated surface of the tunnel, which affects the normal operation of the side formwork unit 31. Further preferably, the side mold cover 312 may include a detachable side mold cover 312b fixed to the outer side of the side mold cover 312, specifically, the side mold cover 312 may be fixedly connected by welding a plurality of connection nuts 312c at regular intervals to the outer side of the side mold cover 312, and the side mold cover 312b is correspondingly provided with screw holes, and then the side mold cover 312b is fixed to the side mold cover 312 by bolts; the side mold cover 312b has the same shape as the side mold cover 312, and at this time, the front end of the side mold cover 312 may not be closed, but only the front end of the side mold cover 312b needs to be closed. The side mold cover 312b has the functions of effectively protecting the side mold cover 312, reducing direct abrasion of the side mold cover 312, prolonging the service life of the side mold cover 312, and facilitating replacement of the side mold cover 312b to reduce the use cost. The side die support 32 comprises a fixed beam 322 and a mounting rack 321, wherein the mounting rack 321 comprises a front mounting beam 321a and a rear mounting beam 321b which are vertically parallel and are respectively used for mounting a front end fixed seat and a rear end fixed seat; the fixing beam 322 is flush with the mounting front beam 321a, and the side mold bracket 32 is mounted on the side of the connected sub-mold 2 through the fixing beam 322.

The mounting back beam 321b is provided with a plurality of connecting plates 321c for connecting the fixing cross plates 315a of the rear fixing seats 315 by bolts.

In general, after the side die mechanisms 3 are symmetrically mounted at the two side ends of the die plate set, it is necessary to ensure that the working surfaces (non-open vertical surfaces) of the side die outer covers 312b of the side die plate units 31 at the two ends are opposite, specifically, the straight working surfaces of all the side die outer covers 312b at the same side form a combined side die plate, which can be tightly attached to the outer side of the steel arch frame and the tunnel excavation surface when integrally extending out, so that the gap between the steel arch frame and the uneven tunnel excavation surface can be effectively compensated. In use, the stroke volume that each side form unit of homonymy stretched out is mainly decided according to the unevenness condition of its front end excavation face, and not "flush to go ahead and go in the wrong place", such modular structure for remedy to the die cavity seals more closely, has avoided adopting monoblock side form, because of adaptation controllability is poor, can have the drawback in gap equally. In addition, after the side form unit 31 is installed on the side form bracket 32, the top surface and the bottom surface of two adjacent side form outer covers 312a on the same side can be kept in weak contact or have small slits so as not to influence the respective independent sliding, and simultaneously, the large leakage of concrete from the side form outer covers can be effectively avoided due to the large slits.

In addition, the main function of the introduced side die mechanism 3 is that when the die spraying is carried out, the erection of a steel arch is not needed as a precondition, the extended side die plate unit 31 and the die plate group are matched with the excavated rock surface to form a die cavity naturally, so that the adaptability of die spraying and pouring is stronger, and the die spraying and pouring mechanism is suitable for various different working conditions.

Based on the principle of the template mechanism in the present invention, the sideforms, the flat template/single template may be provided as air bags or supported and controlled by air bags.

Therefore, the die spraying method based on the combined template is as follows:

and based on the working condition that the steel arch is erected on the rock surface of the tunnel, the combined template mechanism is used for carrying out the mold spraying method for the primary support of the tunnel, and the combined value template mechanism is arranged on the trolley and is combined with the trolley for carrying out the mold spraying construction. The method specifically comprises the following steps:

s1: the mold spraying trolley travels to the section of the tunnel to be sprayed, the trolley is started to unfold the rotary large arm, and the rotary large arm carries the template mechanism to be close to the bottoms of the four continuous steel arches on one side of the excavation surface.

S2: adjusting the left and right positions of the template mechanism to ensure that the template mechanism can transversely cover the four steel arches; simultaneously, the pitching angle of the template mechanism is adjusted, so that the outer surface of the template mechanism is matched with the radian of the steel arch frame to the maximum extent; and then, tightly attaching the outer surface of the template mechanism to the steel arch frame, and ensuring that the bottom edge of the template mechanism is in contact with the tunnel excavation bottom surface, so that the template mechanism, the steel arch frame and the tunnel bottom surface are enclosed to form three continuous transverse mold cavities with top openings.

Step S2 further includes the steps of, when adjusting the left and right positions of the formwork mechanism, extending all the side mold covers of the inner end side mold assembly of the formwork mechanism at the tunnel excavation end in a small-scale integral manner, adjusting the working surfaces of the side mold covers to be in close contact with the outer side surfaces of the innermost steel arches, and then adjusting the pitch angle; in the process of tightly attaching the template mechanism to the steel arches, the main template is tightly attached to the middle two steel arches, and then the included angle between the auxiliary templates at the two ends and the main template is adjusted through the lateral oil cylinder, so that the auxiliary templates are kept tightly attached to the two steel arches at the outer sides; and after the pitching angle is adjusted, continuously extending all the side mold covers of the inner end side mold assembly until the top ends of the side mold covers tightly push the excavation surfaces at the front ends respectively.

S3: and adjusting the spray head assembly, and spraying rapid-hardening concrete downwards from the openings at the tops of the three transverse mold cavities in sequence.

S4: after the concrete at the bottom of the die cavity is solidified, the large rotary arm drives the supporting die to gradually move upwards along the steel arch; when the supporting mold moves, the spray head assembly continuously sprays rapid hardening concrete into a newly formed mold cavity in the moving process of the supporting mold, and the mold cavity sequentially moves to the vault, so that primary supporting pouring of the single-side excavation face of the section is completed.

S5: after the top concrete is solidified, removing the supporting function of the template mechanism, rotating the rotary big arm, adjusting to enable the template mechanism to face the other side of the tunnel at the same section, repeating the steps S2-S4, and completing primary support pouring of the other side; the primary support concrete layers poured on the left side and the right side of the tunnel are lapped at the top of the tunnel, and are supported and strickled by using a template after the lapped part is filled, so that the support of the tunnel profile of the section is completed;

when the template mechanism rotates to the other side, the side mold covers of the outer end side mold assembly on the side are all retracted, and the steps S2-S4 are repeated.

The template mechanism in actual use may be a single-truss type, other than the three-truss type in the present embodiment, and is generally used to form a single mold cavity with two adjacent steel arches; the template mechanism can also be in a double-truss mode, namely a main template is connected with a secondary template and is generally used for forming two continuous die cavities with three adjacent steel arches, and the template mechanism can also adopt a structural form with more than three trusses and can be flexibly selected and used under the thought, but corresponding improvements are needed during the manufacturing and using operations of the template mechanism, so that the new problems are difficult to avoid. In addition, the two sides of the single-frame or two-frame or three-frame template mechanism in the embodiment can be provided with the side mold mechanisms to control the leakage of concrete in the mold cavity in the spraying operation. Two side die mechanisms of a single template mechanism are arranged at two end sides of the main template at the same time, two side die assemblies of two template mechanisms are respectively arranged at the free end sides of the main template and the auxiliary template, and the three template mechanisms in the embodiment are arranged at the free end sides of the two auxiliary templates.

In addition, the template mechanism in the invention can also adopt an electromagnetic template mechanism, and the structure is as follows:

as shown in fig. 42-50, the device is spouted to mould with electromagnetism template, the device is spouted to mould includes forearm mechanism 1, support frame 2, template shore 3, electromagnetism template 4 and spray gun 5, forearm mechanism 1 is used for rotatable the installation on the big arm of platform truck gyration, and support frame 2 is fixed at the front end of forearm mechanism 1, and template shore 3 is fixed at the front end of support frame 2, and electromagnetism template 4 installs electro-magnet 43, and accessible electro-magnet adsorbs on the tunnel steel bow member under the circular telegram state for form the die cavity between electromagnetism template 4 and the steel bow member, spray gun 5 can be to the die cavity injection temporary support that forms between electromagnetism template 4 and the steel bow member and use the concrete.

The electromagnetic form 4 is a curtain-type rollable structure, and the whole can be similar to a rolling door. The electromagnetic template 4 consists of a plurality of template units which are connected into the whole electromagnetic template 4 through more than two mutually parallel chains 44 on the back; each template unit is provided with an independent electromagnet 43 and an independent power supply loop; the curtain type electromagnetic template 4 is normally rewound and stored on the driving roller 24, and after the electromagnet of each template unit is electrified, two ends of the electromagnet can be simultaneously adsorbed on two adjacent steel arches.

The template unit comprises a template main unit 41 and template sub units 42 connected to two ends of the template main unit 41, and the electromagnets 43 are mounted on the template sub units 42 at the two ends.

The template main unit 41 and the template auxiliary unit 42 are both of rectangular structures and are connected through a ball head.

The template secondary unit 42 comprises a secondary unit U-shaped plate 421 and a ball stud 422 connected to the connecting end of the secondary unit U-shaped plate 421, the ball stud 422 comprises a ball head plate 422a and a ball head 422b fixed on the ball head plate 422a, and the ball head plate 422a can be fixed in the end groove of the secondary unit U-shaped plate 421 through welding.

Two ends of the secondary unit U-shaped plate 421 are also fixed with L-shaped fixing seat plates 423 which can be fixed by welding; the electromagnet 43 is fixed to the fixed seat plate 423 by a countersunk head bolt. The electromagnet 43 has an outward adsorption surface and can be directly adsorbed on the steel arch frame.

The template main unit 41 includes a main unit U-shaped plate 411, and a hemispherical head seat 412 is provided in a groove at both ends of the main unit U-shaped plate 411, and a ball head 422b is fixed by a ball head cap 413.

A main unit cover plate 414 is disposed between the hemispherical heads 412 at both ends of the open side of the main unit U-shaped plate 411. The main unit cover 414 may be a flat plate or a U-shaped plate, and is fixed by welding flush with the opening of the main unit U-shaped plate 411.

The length of the template main unit 41 is greater than the length of the template sub unit 42.

The back parts of the template main unit 41 and the template sub units 42 at the two ends of the curtain type electromagnetic template 4 are respectively provided with a chain fixing hole 45, the chain 44 is composed of a plurality of chain units 441, each chain unit 441 is welded with a chain fixing plate 442, and the chain fixing plates 442 are fixed on the corresponding chain fixing holes 45 through bolts.

When the template unit is of an integral structure, when two adjacent steel arches are staggered, the electromagnets at the two ends of the integral template unit are in line contact with the steel arches, the acting force of magnetic adsorption is reduced, and a gap can be formed between the electromagnetic template 4 and the steel arches, so that concrete leakage is caused. The template unit is set to be a three-section structure, the electromagnets 43 are installed on the template auxiliary units 42 at two ends, and the template auxiliary units 42 are connected with the template main unit 41 through the ball heads, so that the template auxiliary units 42 can have a certain adjusting space relative to the template main unit 41, even if the adjacent steel arches have dislocation fluctuation, adaptive adjustment can be carried out, the electromagnets 43 are kept in surface contact with the steel supports, the adsorption force is increased, and good sealing performance is kept.

The formwork top bracing frame 3 comprises more than two vertical top bracing plates 31 which are parallel to each other, and a plurality of top bracing rollers 32 are arranged on the front side of each top bracing plate 31 at even vertical intervals.

More than one supporting beam 33 is arranged behind the vertical top supporting plate 31, the supporting beam 33 and each vertical top supporting plate 31 are connected through a pressing oil cylinder 331, meanwhile, a compensating spring 332 is connected, and the compensating spring 332 is sleeved on a piston rod of the pressing oil cylinder 331. More than two guide beams 34 are further arranged behind the vertical top supporting plate 31, each guide beam 34 is provided with a guide bearing 341 corresponding to each vertical top supporting plate 31, and the guide bearings 341 are sleeved on guide shafts 311 correspondingly fixed on the vertical top supporting plates 31. The supporting beam 33 is positioned behind the guide beams 34, and the hold-down cylinder 331 passes through a gap between two adjacent guide beams 34.

More specifically, in this embodiment, the formwork top bracket 3 includes 4 vertical top supporting plates 31, wherein an upper connecting roller shaft 312 and a lower connecting roller shaft 313 are connected between the top and the bottom of two middle adjacent vertical top supporting plates 31, an upper guide roller 312a is installed on the upper connecting roller shaft 312, a lower guide roller 313a is installed on the lower connecting roller shaft 313, the outer diameter of the lower guide roller 313a is equal to the outer diameter of the roller 32, the outer diameter of the upper guide roller 312a is greater than the outer diameter of the top supporting roller 32, but the guide roller 312a and the front end arc surface of the top supporting roller 32 located on the same top supporting plate 31 are kept flush. Thus, the middle two adjacent vertical top supporting plates 31 are connected into a whole to form a middle top supporting unit which is mainly used for supporting the template main unit 41 of the electromagnetic template 4; and the vertical top supporting plates 31 at both sides form side top supporting units independent from the middle top supporting unit, respectively for supporting the template sub-units 42 of the electromagnetic template 4. The purpose is that when a certain dislocation exists between two adjacent steel arches, the side shoring unit can still prop the template auxiliary units 42 at two ends of the curtain type electromagnetic template 4 on the two adjacent steel arches to form a powerful support, so that the magnetic adhesion between the electromagnetic template 4 and the steel arches is more close and stable, the occurrence of 'mold explosion' is avoided, and concrete cannot leak from two ends; and the middle top bracing unit forms strong support for the main die plate unit 41 in the central part of the electromagnetic die plate 4, so that the formed die cavity has stronger stability.

The tops of the two vertical top supporting plates 31 on the outer side are respectively provided with the same large guide rollers 321, and the outer diameters of the large guide rollers 321 are the same as the outer diameter of the upper guide roller 312 a.

Preferably, the front side of the vertical top supporting plate 31 is provided with an arc shape adapted to the steel arch frame; the distance between two rows of supporting rollers 32 on the two outer vertical top supporting plates 31 is equal to the distance between two adjacent steel arches.

Preferably, the middle parts of the upper guide roller 312a and the lower guide roller 313a are respectively provided with an annular groove 312b and an annular groove 313b for accommodating a middle chain 43 at the back of the electromagnetic template 4, and two chains at two ends of the electromagnetic template 4 are positioned in a gap between the outer two vertical top support plates 31 and the adjacent vertical top support plates 31.

Preferably, the guide roller 26 is provided with an annular groove (not shown) corresponding to the chain 43 of the electromagnetic die plate 4.

The support frame 2 comprises a connecting beam 21 connected with the lower part of the front end of the front arm mechanism 1, the connecting beam 21 is connected with the front arm mechanism 1 through a rotary hinged support 211 fixed at the center of the top of the connecting beam, a lateral rotating oil cylinder 212 is connected with any one side of the connecting beam 21 and the front end of the front arm mechanism 1 at the same side, and the lateral rotating oil cylinder 212 can be used for adjusting the lateral angle of the support frame 2; the support frame 2 further comprises two longitudinal main beams 22 which are parallel to each other, and the rear ends of the two longitudinal main beams 22 are connected with the two end sides of the connecting cross beam 21 through a rotating shaft 213; the top parts of the front ends of two longitudinal main beams 22 of the support frame 2 are respectively provided with a supporting vertical beam 23 which are parallel to each other, two ends of the supporting cross beam 33 are directly fixed on the supporting vertical beams 23, two ends of the guiding cross beam 34 are respectively fixed on front supporting beams 231 which are welded on the front end surfaces of the supporting vertical beams 23, and a reinforcing oblique supporting beam 221 is connected between the longitudinal main beams 22 and the supporting vertical beams 23.

A driving roller 24 is further disposed between the front ends of the two longitudinal main beams 22 of the supporting frame 2, and the driving roller 24 can rotate forward or backward under the action of a driving motor 241. The driving roller 24 is used to store the curtain-type electromagnetic form 4 when it rotates in the forward direction and to release the curtain-type electromagnetic form 4 when it rotates in the reverse direction.

Two auxiliary vertical supporting beams 25 which are parallel and upward are respectively arranged at the back of the vertical supporting beams 23 and are vertical to the two longitudinal main beams 22, a guide roller 26 is arranged between the top ends of the two auxiliary vertical supporting beams 25, and two annular blocking pieces 261 are fixed at the two sides of the guide roller 26 and are used for guiding the orientation of the curtain type electromagnetic template 4 and avoiding the electromagnetic template from becoming oblique during the traveling.

Two front and back rotary oil cylinders 27 are connected between the connecting beam 21 and the auxiliary supporting vertical beam 25 and used for adjusting the pitching angle of the supporting frame 2 so as to adapt to the arrangement of the electromagnetic templates 4 at the steel arches with different heights. Specifically, two downward lower beams 214 are arranged near the two lower end faces of the connecting beam 21, two inward side beams 251 are arranged in the middle of the two auxiliary supporting vertical beams 25, and the two ends of the front and rear rotary cylinders 27 are respectively connected to the lower beams 214 and the side beams 251.

Spray gun support 6 is installed to forearm mechanism 1's upper end, spray gun 5 (aka shower nozzle subassembly) is installed on spray gun support 6 to spray gun 5 can slide around the automation and the horizontal slip, still pitch rotation angle and horizontal rotation angle around the automatic adjustment, it is specific, forearm mechanism 1's top is provided with longitudinal slide rail 11, and spray gun support 6 is fixed through longitudinal slide 61 on the longitudinal slide rail 11.

The spray gun support 6 further comprises a transverse slide rail 62 and a spray gun arm 63 arranged longitudinally, the spray gun arm 63 is fixed on the transverse slide rail through a transverse slide seat 631, and the spray gun 5 is rotatably fixed at the front end of the spray gun arm 63 through a spray gun hinged support 51.

And a spray gun oil cylinder 52 is connected between the rear end of the spray gun 5 and the spray gun arm 63 and is used for adjusting the pitch angle of the spray gun 5.

Fig. 9 is a concrete structure of the mold spraying trolley, which comprises a trolley frame I, a sliding frame II, a sliding trolley III, a large arm rotating platform IV, a rotary large arm V and a pumping mechanism VI. The front arm mechanism 1 is rotatably arranged at the front end part of the rotary large arm V through a front arm connecting seat 12, and under the driving of the rotary large arm V, the wet spraying nozzle 5 and the electromagnetic template 4 can synchronously move under the action of the front arm mechanism 1.

The tail end of the large rotary arm V is mounted on a large arm rotary table IV, and the large arm rotary table IV comprises a vertical rotary assembly and can drive the large rotary arm V to rotate back and forth in a vertical plane; the big arm rotating table IV further comprises a horizontal rotating assembly which can drive the rotary big arm V to rotate horizontally.

The vertical rotating assembly of the large arm rotary table IV is a gear rotating assembly, and the rotating angle of the rotary large arm V in a vertical plane can be driven to exceed 240 degrees. Compared with the traditional large arm of an engineering vehicle which is supported by a hydraulic oil cylinder and provides rotary power, the rotary angle of the traditional large arm on one side can only reach about 60 degrees, and the requirement that the full-angle die spraying of each section of a tunnel is required by the die spraying trolley can not be met.

A sliding frame II is longitudinally arranged on the trolley frame I along the trolley body, a sliding trolley III is arranged on the sliding frame II, and the large-arm rotary table IV is rotatably arranged on the sliding trolley III; the sliding trolley III carries the large-arm rotary table IV and can slide along the longitudinal direction of the sliding frame II.

The distance that the sliding trolley III can longitudinally slide on the sliding frame II is more than III-IV times of the distance between two adjacent rows of steel arches. Specifically, the length of the sliding frame ii can be equal to the width of three steel arches, that is, equal to the distance between two steel arches on the outer sides of the adjacent four steel arches (in terms of engineering practice, the distance between the two adjacent steel arches is generally 1 meter, and the length of the sliding frame ii is 3 meters), so that the moving distance of the sliding trolley iii on the sliding frame ii can be ensured to at least reach the distance between the two steel arches on the outer sides of the adjacent three steel arches. The width of the main electromagnetic template 4 can only transversely cover two adjacent steel arches, so that the continuous three-truss wet spraying template mold spraying construction can be met under the condition that a vehicle is not moved in the conventional tunnel construction, and the influence on the construction progress caused by frequent vehicle moving is avoided. For wider wet spraying templates, three wet spraying templates, such as those invented by the applicant, can cover three transverse cavities formed by adjacent four rows of steel arches, so that the design is not necessary. Of course, the length of the sliding frame II is not limited to be equal to the width of three steel arches, and theoretically, the sliding frame II can be processed to be longer along with the length of the trolley frame I, so that the aim of spraying a wider tunnel surface by moving the trolley once can be fulfilled. The mould spraying trolley also comprises a pumping mechanism VI which can automatically convey concrete wet spraying materials to the wet spraying nozzle 5.

The working process of the die spraying device is as follows: in the construction process, the front arm mechanism, the electromagnetic template, the template top bracing frame and the like are adjusted to enable the electromagnetic template to be adsorbed on the steel arch frame to form a die cavity with the height of about one meter (the height of the template top bracing frame), the angle of the spray head is adjusted to start to spray concrete into the die cavity, the more concrete is accumulated in the spraying process, the front arm mechanism starts to move along the steel arch frame, the driving motor rotates while the front arm mechanism moves, the electromagnetic template on the winding drum is released at the same time, the electromagnetic template is pressed on the steel arch frame through the pressing oil cylinder, the top bracing plate, the spring compensation and other devices, the electromagnetic template is electrified to be adsorbed on the steel arch frame, and a new die cavity is formed again. According to the moving mode, the supporting frame is continuously moved, the formwork is released, a new mold cavity is gradually formed, the spray head continuously sprays concrete, the mold spraying support is continuously carried out, when the arch crown is reached, the concrete spraying is stopped, after the sprayed concrete is completely solidified, the electromagnets are powered off from the arch crown to the lower end one by one, meanwhile, the motor is driven to rotate reversely, the arm support synchronously moves downwards, the recovery of the electromagnet formwork is completed, and the continuous primary support without resilience and dust is realized.

The die spraying method using the electromagnetic template comprises the following steps:

s1: the mould spraying trolley travels to the section of the tunnel to be sprayed and poured, the trolley is started to unfold the rotary big arm, and the rotary big arm carries the supporting frame and the curtain type electromagnetic template to be close to the bottoms of the two adjacent steel arches on one side of the excavation surface.

S2: and (3) tightly attaching a section of the electromagnetic template positioned in front of the support frame to the two steel arches from the bottom, and forming a die cavity to be poured with the steel arches.

S3: and adjusting the position and the angle of the spray gun, opening the spray gun and spraying the quick-setting concrete downwards from the opening at the top of the transverse mold cavity to finish the pouring of the initial section concrete.

S4: and after the initial section of concrete at the bottom of the mold cavity is solidified, the mold plate units of the electromagnetic mold plate extend upwards and are attached to the two steel arch frames to form a new mold cavity, and when the electromagnetic mold plate extends, the spray gun continuously sprays quick-setting concrete into the newly-formed mold cavity formed by the released mold plate units and the steel arch frames until reaching the arch crown so as to finish the initial supporting and pouring of the single-side excavation surface of the section.

S5, after the top concrete is solidified, the rotary big arm drives the support frame and the electromagnetic template to gradually move downwards, and simultaneously drives the roller to rotate reversely to recover the curtain type electromagnetic template; and (4) horizontally rotating the rotary large arm with the support frame and the electromagnetic template to enable the electromagnetic template to face the other side of the same section of the tunnel, and repeating the steps S1-S4 to finish primary support pouring of the other side of the tunnel of the section.

In steps S1 and S2, the driving roller is rotated forward by the driving motor, the electromagnetic curtain template is released, so that the free end of the electromagnetic curtain template hangs down until the bottom of the free end of the electromagnetic curtain template is flush with the bottom of the top supporting frame of the template, and the left and right positions of the supporting frame are adjusted to ensure that the electromagnetic curtain template can transversely cover the two steel arches; and then, the outer surface of the released electromagnetic template positioned in front of the support frame is tightly attached to the steel arch frame, and the bottom edge of the electromagnetic template is ensured to be in contact with the tunnel excavation bottom surface, so that the electromagnetic template, the steel arch frame and the tunnel bottom surface are enclosed to form a transverse mold cavity with an opening at the top.

In step S2: sequentially switching on an electrifying loop of the electromagnet of the template unit from bottom to top so that the template unit in contact with the steel arch is magnetically adsorbed on the steel arch; and simultaneously, the pitching angle of the support frame is adjusted, so that the outer surface of the electromagnetic template is matched with the radian of the steel arch frame to the maximum extent, and the rotary large arm is adjusted, so that the template top support frame is propped against the joint section of the electromagnetic template and the steel arch frame.

In step S4, after the concrete in the initial section of the bottom of the mold cavity is solidified, the swing boom drives the supporting frame to gradually move upward along the steel arch, and at the same time, the driving roller is again started and continuously rotates forward to continuously release the template unit of the curtain-type electromagnetic template.

In step S4, the release speed of the electromagnetic form is equal to the upward movement speed of the steel arch, and the newly released form unit is ensured to be in contact with the steel arch, and the charged electromagnet is immediately electrified and adsorbed on the steel arch.

In the process that the support frame moves upwards along the steel arch, the jacking idler wheels on the template jacking frame roll over the back of the electromagnetic template, and meanwhile, in the rolling process, the electromagnetic template is directly supported.

In the releasing and recovering process of the electromagnetic template, a middle chain at the back of the electromagnetic template slides through the annular grooves of the upper guide roller and the lower guide roller; the chains on the two sides are positioned between the middle top support unit and the side top support unit and slide.

And overlapping the primary support concrete layers poured on the left side and the right side of the tunnel of the same section, and supporting and strickling the overlapped part by using a template to complete the support of the tunnel profile of the section.

In addition, the template mechanism in the invention can also adopt a belt template/crawler template mechanism, and the structure is as follows:

as shown in fig. 51-56, the belt template assembly for spraying the initial tunnel supporting mold can be integrally installed on a rotary large arm of a mold spraying trolley, and comprises a flexible annular belt template 2 and a template support 1, wherein a plurality of belt supporting rollers 3 are transversely installed side by side on the front side of the template support 1, the belt template 1 is sleeved on the belt supporting rollers 3, and the front-end belt template 2 can be tightly attached to two adjacent steel arches, so that a mold cavity to be poured is formed between the belt template 2 and the steel arches.

An upper turning roller 31 and a lower turning roller 32 are respectively arranged at the top end and the bottom end of the inner side of the belt template 2 on the template support 1; and the diameters of the upper turning roller 31 and the lower turning roller 32 are larger than the diameter of the belt supporting roller 3, and the front side cambered surfaces of the upper turning roller 31, the lower turning roller 32 and the belt supporting roller 3 are kept flush. The formwork support 1 comprises rectangular side frames 11 located on two sides, and an upper connecting beam 12 and a lower connecting beam 13 are arranged at the rear ends of the two side frames 11. The upper and lower ends of the both side frames 11 are provided with an upper bracket 11a and a lower bracket 11b, respectively, for fixing the upper and lower direction-changing

rollers

31 and 32, respectively.

The roller shaft of the lower turning roller 32 is connected with a driving motor 321, and the lower turning roller 32 with the driving motor 321 can drive the belt template 2 to rotate forwards or backwards. In practical design, the driving motor can also be connected to the upper direction-changing roller 31 to achieve the same technical effect.

A tensioning main roller 33 is arranged on the template bracket 1 and positioned at the inner side of the rear end belt template 2, and can push and extend the belt template 2 backwards to achieve the effect of tensioning the belt template 2; further, a tension sub-roller 34 is respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the tension main roller 33 on the formwork support 1 to enhance the tension effect by matching with the tension main roller 33.

The belt supporting roller 3 is fixed on the side frames 11 at two sides through the supporting roller seat 4, the supporting roller seat 4 comprises a first seat plate 41 and a first hole ear plate 42, the first hole ear plate 42 is vertically fixed at the front side of the first seat plate 41 and used for fixing a roller shaft of the supporting roller 3, and the first seat plate 41 is fixed on the side frames 11 through a first supporting cylinder 43. The side frame 11 comprises a front vertical beam 111 and a rear vertical beam 112, an auxiliary vertical beam 14 is fixed on the inner side of the side frame rear vertical beam 112, the cylinder body of the first support cylinder 43 is fixed on the front side surface of the auxiliary vertical beam 14, and the piston rod is fixed with the rear side surface of the first seat plate 41.

The backup roller holder 4 further includes a first guide shaft 44 vertically connected to a rear side of the first seat plate 41, and the first guide shaft 44 is inserted into a first guide boss 45 fixed to the side frame front vertical beam 111.

The junction of the front vertical side frame beam 111 and the first guide shaft sleeve 45 is provided with a first through hole 111a communicated with the inner hole of the first guide shaft sleeve 45, and the first guide shaft 44 can penetrate through the first through hole 111a to enter between the front vertical side frame beam 111 and the rear vertical side frame beam 112. The formwork support 1 is made more compact without the support rollers 3 being too far forward and the overall stability of the formwork assembly being reduced because the first guide shaft 44 has to reach the corresponding stroke.

The main roller housing 5 of the tension main roller 33, like the backup roller housing 4, includes a second seat plate 51, a second holed ear plate 52, a second backup cylinder 53, and a second guide shaft 54, which function in the same manner as in the backup roller housing. However, the specific installation manner is different, the main roller seat 5 of the tension main roller 33 is installed in the middle of the two side frames 11, and the L-shaped seat plate 56 of the second support cylinder 53 for fixing the main roller seat 5 is welded on the front side of the front vertical beam 111 of the side frame. The L-shaped seat plate 56 includes a fixing plate 56a and a connecting plate 56b, the fixing plate 56a is directly and vertically welded to the front side surface of the side frame front vertical beam 111, and the connecting plate 56b is parallel to the front side surface of the side frame front vertical beam 111 and extends between the two side frames 11 so that the free end thereof exceeds the inner side surface of the connected side frame front vertical beam 111.

Further, the second seat plate 51 of the main roller seat 5 is located outside the rear side of the side frame rear vertical beam 112, the second holed ear plate 52 thereof is fixed on the rear side of the second seat plate 51, the auxiliary vertical beam 14 is provided with a fracture 141 at a position opposite to the tensioning main roller 33 so as to divide each auxiliary vertical beam 14 into two sections, the second support cylinder 53 passes through the fracture 141, the cylinder body thereof is fixed on the connecting plate 56b, and the piston rod is fixed on the front side of the second seat plate 51.

Further, a second guide shaft sleeve 55 is fixed between the side frame front vertical beam 111 and the side frame rear vertical beam 112 corresponding to the position of the second guide shaft 54 of the main roller stand 5, and a second through hole 111b and a third through hole 112a penetrating through the inner hole of the second guide shaft sleeve 55 are respectively arranged at corresponding positions on the side frame front vertical beam 111 and the side frame rear vertical beam 112. Here, the second guide bush 55 also serves to reinforce the strength of the side frame 11.

Corresponding to the tension main roller 33, the tension sub roller 34 is installed at the front side of both ends of the break 141 of the auxiliary vertical beam 14 through a sub roller mount 341. The sub-roller 341 includes only the third seat plate 341a and the third ear plate 341b without connecting the cylinder and the guide shaft.

The number of the upper connecting beams 12 is two, a template hinged support 15 is fixed in the middle of each of the two upper connecting beams 12, the template hinged support 15 is hinged to the template support 6, and the template support 1 is fixed at the front end of a rotary large arm of the die spraying trolley through the template support 6. And a pitching oil cylinder 7 is connected between the middle part of the lower connecting beam 13 and the template support 6 and used for adjusting the pitching angle of the template support 1.

The template support 6 comprises a support elbow 61, a support connecting plate 62 and a template connecting seat 63, the support connecting plate 62 is fixed at the horizontal top end of the support elbow 61, and the template support 6 can be fixed at the front end of the rotary large arm of the trolley through the support connecting plate 62.

The template connecting seat 63 comprises a template horizontal seat plate 63a and a template vertical seat plate 63b, the template horizontal seat plate 63a is fixed at the vertical bottom end of the support elbow 61, and the two template vertical seat plates 63b are respectively fixed at two sides of the template horizontal seat plate 63a and connected with the template hinged support 15 through a rotating shaft.

A cylinder body hinged support 64 is arranged between the two template vertical seat plates 63b at the bottom of the template horizontal seat plate 63a to connect the cylinder body of the pitching cylinder 7; and a piston rod hinged support 16 of the pitching oil cylinder 7 is arranged at the back of the wet spraying template 8 and below the template hinged support 15 so as to be connected with a piston rod of the pitching oil cylinder 7.

FIG. 6 is a concrete structure of a mold spraying trolley, which comprises a trolley frame I, a sliding frame II, a sliding trolley III, a large arm rotating table IV, a rotary large arm V, a wet spraying front arm VI and a pumping mechanism VII. Wet blasting forearm VI passes through the rotatable preceding tip of installing at big arm of gyration V of forearm connecting seat VI-1, under big arm of gyration V's drive, through wet blasting forearm VI's effect, wet blasting shower nozzle (not shown in the figure) accessible shower nozzle removes assembly mechanism (not shown in the figure) and installs the top at wet blasting forearm VI, belt template subassembly passes through template support 6 and installs the front end at wet blasting forearm VI, make wet blasting shower nozzle can keep more than the top of belt template subassembly, belt template subassembly and wet blasting shower nozzle can be along with wet blasting forearm VI whole removal together or rotate at any time like this. The wet spraying nozzle can move longitudinally along the wet spraying front arm VI, can also move transversely on the nozzle moving assembly mechanism, can also independently adjust the pitching angle, and can also automatically rotate to meet various operation requirements in the die spraying process.

The distance that the sliding trolley III can longitudinally slide on the sliding frame II is 2-3 times larger than the distance between two adjacent rows of steel arches. Specifically, the length of the sliding frame ii can be equal to the width of three steel arches, that is, equal to the distance between two steel arches on the outer sides of the adjacent four steel arches (in terms of engineering practice, the distance between the two adjacent steel arches is generally 1 meter, and the length of the sliding frame ii is 3 meters), so that the moving distance of the sliding trolley iii on the sliding frame ii can be ensured to at least reach the distance between the two steel arches on the outer sides of the adjacent three steel arches. The width of the main belt formwork 2 can only transversely cover two adjacent steel arches, so that the continuous three-truss wet spraying formwork can meet the requirement of mold spraying construction under the condition of not moving a vehicle in the conventional tunnel construction, and the influence on the construction progress caused by frequent vehicle moving is avoided. For wider wet spraying templates, three wet spraying templates, such as those invented by the applicant, can cover three transverse cavities formed by adjacent four rows of steel arches, so that the design is not necessary. Of course, the length of the sliding frame II is not limited to be equal to the width of three steel arches, and theoretically, the sliding frame II can be processed to be longer along with the length of the trolley frame I, so that the aim of spraying a wider tunnel surface by moving the trolley once can be fulfilled. The mould spraying trolley also comprises a pumping mechanism VI which can automatically convey concrete wet spraying materials to the wet spraying nozzle.

The work flow of the belt template component is as follows: in the construction process, the rotary large arm, the template support and the like are adjusted to enable the belt template to be tightly attached to the lowest ends of two adjacent steel arches, so that a mold cavity with the height of about one meter (the upper height and the lower height of the belt template) is formed between the belt template and the two steel arches, the angle of the spray head is adjusted, the concrete is sprayed into the mold cavity, the more the concrete is accumulated, the rotary large arm drives the template support to move upwards along the steel arches after the concrete is solidified, the motor is driven to rotate forwards while the wet spraying front arm moves, the front end of the belt template is driven to rotate from top to bottom, the rotation speed of the belt template is kept consistent with the moving speed of the template support, and the belt template is equivalent to a walking crawler belt to move from bottom to top on the steel arches; when moving, the flexible end through the big arm of gyration is constantly adjusted in succession to combine the adjustment of every single move hydro-cylinder, make the horizontal both ends of belt template keep hugging closely all the time on two steel bow members, just so constantly form new die cavity, the shower nozzle sprays concrete in succession simultaneously, the continuous mould that carries on spouts is strutted, when reaching tunnel section top, accomplish this sectional unilateral in tunnel and spout and water, when waiting to solidify at last, retrieve template support and belt template through the big arm of gyration, realize no resilience, the continuous preliminary bracing of no dust.

The method for spraying the initial tunnel supporting mold by using the belt template assembly comprises the following specific steps:

s1: the mould spouts the platform truck and advances to wait to spout the tunnel section of watering, starts the platform truck, expandes the big arm of gyration, and the big arm of gyration is taken template support and belt template and is close the bottom of two adjacent steel bow members at excavation face wherein one side.

S2: the template support is used for driving the belt template to be tightly attached to the two steel arches from the bottom, and the belt template and the steel arches form a mold cavity to be poured.

S3: and adjusting the position and the angle of the spray head, opening the spray head, and spraying the quick-setting concrete downwards from the opening at the top of the transverse mold cavity to finish the pouring of the initial section of concrete.

S4: after the initial section of concrete at the bottom of the mold cavity is solidified, under the action of the rotary big arm, the mold plate support drives the belt mold plate to slowly move along the steel arch frames from bottom to top, in the moving process, the front end face of the belt mold plate is always kept to be tightly attached to the two steel arch frames at the same time, so that a new mold cavity is continuously formed, the spray head continuously sprays quick-setting concrete into the newly formed mold cavity and continuously reaches the arch crown, and the initial supporting and pouring of the single-side excavation surface of the section is completed.

And S5, after the concrete on the top is solidified, rotating the large arm to withdraw the template support and the belt template, driving the template support and the belt template to horizontally rotate, enabling the template support to face the other side of the same section of the tunnel, repeating the steps S1-S4, and finishing primary support pouring of the other side of the tunnel.

In step S4, the drive motor is always kept rotating in the forward direction during the movement of the pattern plate holder, so that the front end of the belt pattern plate can be kept rotating from the top to the bottom.

In step S4, the rotation speed of the belt template and the moving speed of the template holder are equal during the movement of the template holder.

In step S4, during the movement of the template support, the rotating arm slowly extends forward continuously, and the piston rod of the pitch cylinder is continuously retracted, so as to adaptively adjust the pitch angle between the template support and the rotating arm, and to make the belt template fit with the radian of the steel arch to the maximum extent.

In the steps S3 and S4, the jacking function of the template supporting roller on the front end of the belt template is always kept, and under the action of the supporting cylinder, the advance fluctuation of the template support caused by the unevenness of the steel arch can be effectively buffered, the belt template is kept to be always attached to the steel arch, and the sprayed concrete is prevented from leaking from two sides.

In steps S3 and S4, under the action of the main tensioning roller and the auxiliary tensioning roller, the change in the tightness of the belt template caused by the expansion and contraction of the support cylinder can be effectively compensated, so that the whole process of the belt template can be maintained within a certain tensioning range.

In step S4, the holding die plate supporting roller rolls on the inner side of the front end of the belt die plate during the rotation of the belt die plate, and forms a strong top support for the belt die plate.

Step S6, overlapping the primary support concrete layers poured on the left side and the right side of the same section of the tunnel at the top of the tunnel, filling the overlapped part, and then supporting and strickling by using a template to complete the support of the section of the tunnel profile; after the die-spraying casting of the arc-shaped area between two adjacent steel arches (the area between two adjacent steel arches is one) is finished, the sliding trolley bearing the rotary large arm can move forwards 2 times along the sliding frame on the trolley, the moving distance of each time is equal to the width between two adjacent steel arches, and the steps S1-S5 are repeated each time.

After the continuous three-arch area is finished by one-time vehicle moving, the trolley is moved forward by the distance of the sliding frame length (or the width of the three-arch), and the steps S1-S6 are repeated until the initial mold-spraying support of the whole tunnel is finished.

In practice, the length of the sliding frame of the die spraying trolley is generally designed to be the width of three steel arches, namely the distance between two steel arches on the outer sides of four continuous steel arches, and the trolley moves to realize one-time trolley moving of the trolley, so that die spraying pouring of three continuous steel arches can be met, the number of times of trolley moving is reduced, and die spraying efficiency is improved. In theory the carriage could be designed longer but is limited by the length of the trolley and the tunnel curvature and cannot be made too long, with higher demands and possible troubles for subsequent operations.

The belt/belt mechanism in the belt template can be replaced by a track or a crawler mechanism.

In addition, when one or more support arms are adopted, the spray head fine adjustment mechanism and the end part of the support arm can be provided with a spray head displacement mechanism, so that the spray head fine adjustment mechanism and the spray head displacement mechanism are combined to form a spray head displacement assembly. The sprayer assembly is arranged on the transverse moving mechanism, and the transverse moving mechanism drives the sprayer assembly to move transversely; the transverse moving mechanism is arranged on the longitudinal moving mechanism, and the longitudinal moving mechanism drives the transverse moving mechanism and the spray head assembly to integrally and longitudinally move. The spray head component 9 can be connected to the forearm mechanism 5 through a spray head fine adjustment mechanism or a spray head displacement mechanism; control of the position and angle of the spray head assembly 9 relative to the die plate mechanism/die cavity is achieved.

For example:

the spray head displacement mechanism comprises a longitudinal movement mechanism and a transverse movement mechanism; the longitudinal moving mechanism and/or the transverse moving mechanism are/is provided with a spray head assembly 9, the longitudinal moving mechanism can adjust the displacement of the spray head assembly in the longitudinal direction, and the transverse moving mechanism can adjust the displacement of the spray head assembly in the transverse direction; the longitudinal moving mechanism and the transverse moving mechanism are mutually connected and matched to control the spray head assembly to move to any displacement point on the same plane.

The spray head assembly 9 is arranged on the transverse moving mechanism, and the transverse moving mechanism drives the spray head assembly to move transversely; the transverse moving mechanism is arranged on the longitudinal moving mechanism, and the longitudinal moving mechanism drives the transverse moving mechanism and the spray head assembly to integrally and longitudinally move.

Wherein the spray head displacement assembly. Or the sprayer fine adjustment mechanism and the sprayer displacement mechanism can be connected to form a sprayer displacement assembly, and the displacement of the sprayer component 9 relative to the template mechanism 8/the die cavity is controlled. So that the showerhead fine adjustment mechanism and the showerhead displacement mechanism constitute a showerhead displacement assembly mechanism for controlling the longitudinal and lateral distance relationship between the showerhead assembly 9 relative to the mold cavity, as well as the angular/directional relationship relative to the mold cavity.

For example:

the spray head displacement mechanism comprises a longitudinal movement mechanism and a transverse movement mechanism; the longitudinal moving mechanism and/or the transverse moving mechanism are/is provided with a spray head fine adjustment mechanism, the longitudinal moving mechanism can adjust the displacement of the spray head fine adjustment mechanism and the spray head assembly 9 in the longitudinal direction, and the transverse moving mechanism can adjust the displacement of the spray head fine adjustment mechanism and the spray head assembly 9 in the transverse direction; the longitudinal moving mechanism and the transverse moving mechanism are mutually connected and matched to control the spray head assembly 9 to move to any displacement point on the same plane.

The longitudinal movement mechanism adjusts the displacement of the spray head assembly 9 in the longitudinal direction by controlling the spray head fine adjustment mechanism; the transverse moving mechanism adjusts the displacement of the spray head assembly 9 in the transverse direction by controlling the spray head fine adjustment mechanism; the longitudinal movement mechanism and the transverse movement mechanism are connected with each other and are matched with each other to control the spray head assembly 9 to move to any displacement point on the same plane. By the comprehensive control of the spray head displacement mechanism and the spray head fine adjustment mechanism, the spray head component 9 is optimal in spraying position and spraying angle/direction relative to the mold cavity, the best mold spraying effect is achieved, and the mold spraying efficiency can be effectively improved.

The transverse moving mechanism comprises a transverse moving arm 6 and a spray head fixing seat 7, wherein a transverse guide piece and a transverse moving driving piece are distributed on the transverse moving arm 6, the transverse guide piece is a transverse groove rail, a transverse sliding groove or a transverse sliding block, and the transverse moving driving piece is a transverse moving rack, a chain, an air cylinder, an oil cylinder or a steel rope; the nozzle fixing base 7 is provided with guide wheels/blocks/grooves matched with the transverse guide pieces and a driving piece matched with the transverse moving driving piece, so that the nozzle assembly can move in the transverse direction relative to the transverse moving arm 6.

The spray head fine adjustment mechanism is arranged on a spray head fixing seat 7, the spray head fixing seat 7 is arranged on the transverse moving arm 6 and can drive the spray head fine adjustment mechanism and the spray head assembly 9 to move on the transverse moving arm 6 in the transverse direction. Mainly solved the removal problem of the horizontal longer distance of shower nozzle subassembly 9, the shower nozzle of traditional wet blasting manipulator does not have the sideslip function, so there is very high sideslip demand in this patent technique, mainly because, template mechanism 8 and excavation cliff form treat the die cavity of pouring after, just need make shower nozzle subassembly 9 transversely carry out removal on a large scale to pour when carrying out the ability of large-width and covering whole die cavity, and then improve and spray and pour efficiency.

The longitudinal movement mechanism is arranged on the front arm mechanism 5, the front arm mechanism 5 is provided with a longitudinal movement seat 56, the transverse movement arm 6 is arranged on the longitudinal movement seat 56, and the front arm mechanism 5 can control the longitudinal movement seat 56 and the transverse movement mechanism, the spray head fine adjustment mechanism and the spray head assembly 9 on the longitudinal movement seat 56 to move in the longitudinal direction of the front arm mechanism 5. The forearm mechanism 5 and the longitudinal displacement seat 56 thus constitute an implementation of the longitudinal displacement mechanism, but are not limited thereto.

The transverse moving arm 6 further comprises a transverse groove rail 61, the spray head fixing seat 7 comprises a roller connecting seat 71, a roller 711 is mounted on the roller connecting seat 71, and the spray head fixing seat 7 is integrally connected to the transverse moving arm 6 through the roller connecting seat 71.

Further, the traverse arm 6 is provided with two mutually parallel transverse groove rails 61, including a transverse groove rail 611 at the top end of the traverse arm 6 and a transverse lower groove rail 612 at the bottom end of the traverse arm 6, and the lengths of the transverse groove rail 611 and the transverse lower groove rail 612 are equal to the length of the traverse arm 6. The roller connection seat 71 further includes a roller connection plate 712, and two rows of upper and lower rollers 711 fixed on the roller connection plate 712, and the upper and lower rollers 711 roll in the transverse groove rail 611 and the transverse groove rail 612, respectively.

The traverse arm 6 is provided with a traverse rack 63 and engaged with a traverse driving gear 713 installed on the roller link 71. The traverse arm 6 further comprises a detachable traverse front cover 621, the traverse front cover 621 is provided with a cover strip-shaped hole 621a along a transverse center line, and the traverse rack 63 is fixed on the inner side of the traverse front cover 624. The traverse rack 63 may be fixed to the inner side of the traverse front cover 621 by bolts and positioned above or below the cover strip hole 621 a.

The nozzle fixing seat 7 comprises a square section 7a and a hollow cylindrical section 7b which are fixedly connected by welding, a traverse driving motor 714 is arranged in the inner cavity of the hollow cylindrical section 7b, the rotating shaft of the traverse driving motor 714 penetrates through the roller connecting plate 712 and extends into the traverse arm 6 from the cover plate strip-shaped hole 621a of the traverse front cover plate 621, and the traverse driving gear 713 is fixed at the free end of the rotating shaft of the traverse driving motor 714 and is meshed with the traverse driving rack 63.

The outer diameter of the traverse driving gear 713 is smaller than the width of the cover sheet linear hole 621 a. This further enhances the lateral stability of the nozzle holder 7. The traverse arm 6 is further provided with a cover 622 for protecting the transverse groove rail 611 and preventing impurities from entering the transverse groove rail 611.

The forearm mechanism 5 comprises a forearm beam 52 and a rotating mechanism 51, the bottom of the forearm beam 52 is connected with the rotating mechanism 51, and the rotating mechanism 51 is arranged in the forearm mechanism, so that the forearm beam 52 can rotate in a plane by taking the rotating mechanism 51 as a fulcrum; and the front arm beam 51 is provided with a template mechanism 8 and a longitudinal moving mechanism, the longitudinal moving mechanism is provided with a spray head assembly 9, and the spray head assembly 9 can be controlled to longitudinally move on the front arm mechanism 5. The front arm beam 52 is provided with a slide rail/chute/slide block and a longitudinal moving seat 56, wherein the slide rail/chute/slide block is arranged on the top and/or inside of the front arm beam 52, and the longitudinal moving seat 56 is arranged on the slide rail/chute/slide block in a matching way and can carry the spray head assembly 9 to move in the longitudinal direction relative to the front arm beam.

In addition, between shower nozzle displacement mechanism, shower nozzle displacement assembly and big arm mechanism tip, can also be connected with forearm mechanism 5, connect shower nozzle displacement mechanism on the forearm mechanism 5, shower nozzle displacement mechanism is including indulging and move mechanism and sideslip mechanism, indulge move the mechanism locate on forearm mechanism 5, sideslip mechanism locates on indulging moving the mechanism, and fine-tuning is located on the sideslip mechanism, and fine-tuning includes pitch angle control mechanism and rotation angle control mechanism.

The forearm mechanism 5 includes a forearm beam 52 and a rotating mechanism 51, a rotating support 58 is mounted at the bottom of the forearm beam 52, a connecting plate 581 is disposed at the bottom of the rotating support 58, the connecting plate 581 can be fixed to the rotating mechanism 51 (the rotating mechanism 51 of the embodiment is a rotary speed reducer), and the rotating mechanism can be disposed on a carrier mechanism i and other similar carriers. In the present invention, the rotating mechanism is disposed on the boom mechanism.

The forearm mechanism 5 comprises a forearm beam 52, and a longitudinal moving seat 56 and a transmission member 57 which are fixed on the forearm beam 52, wherein the longitudinal moving seat 56 can slide along the longitudinal direction of the forearm mechanism 5 under the driving of the transmission member 57 so as to meet the requirement of adjusting the front and rear positions of the spray head assembly 9. The transverse moving mechanism of the spray head moving assembly mechanism is integrally fixed on the longitudinal moving seat 56 and can move along with the longitudinal moving seat.

The front end portion of the front arm beam 52 is provided with a front arm attachment plate 53 for attaching a template holder 85 of the template mechanism 8. The front arm beam 52 is a hollow structure, the top end of the front arm beam is covered with a beam top plate 54, two longitudinal slide rails 55 are arranged in parallel along the longitudinal two sides of the beam top plate 54, and a longitudinal moving seat 56 is matched with the two longitudinal slide rails 55 and can slide along the longitudinal slide rails 55. Further, the longitudinal slide 55 can be replaced by two longitudinal slides, the outer side of which needs to be beyond the corresponding outer side of the beam top plate 54 in order to snap the longitudinal slides into the slide slots of the longitudinal slide seat 56.

The transmission member 57 is installed inside the front arm beam 52, and the beam top plate 54 is provided with a top plate strip-shaped hole 541 along the central line thereof, so that the transmission member 57 performs a traction motion on the longitudinal moving base 56.

The transmission piece 57 is a chain transmission mechanism; if other transmission mechanisms can achieve the same transmission function, the front arm mechanism 5 can also be applied, such as oil cylinder transmission, air cylinder transmission, gear transmission, rack transmission, belt transmission or rope transmission and the like.

Further, the chain transmission mechanism comprises two chains 571, a guide wheel set, a transmission frame 574 and a driving oil cylinder 576. Two chains 571 are respectively connected with the longitudinal moving seat 56 from the front end and the rear end thereof, the connector can be positioned on the top plate strip-shaped hole 541, the chains 571 form front and rear oblique pulling transmission for the longitudinal moving seat 56, the longitudinal moving seat 56 has longitudinal pulling force at the same time, and has downward traction force, so that the longitudinal moving seat 56 is more stably fixed on the front arm mechanism 5, and the chain transmission has extremely high buffer effect on irregular vibration of the spray head assembly 9 during spraying, thereby having better protection effect on the power mechanism.

The guide wheel group includes two fixed guide wheels and two moving guide wheels, that is, a fixed guide front wheel 573a and a fixed guide rear wheel 573b, which are respectively installed at the front end and the rear end inside the front arm beam 52, and the chain drive wheel is located between the fixed guide front wheel 573a and the fixed guide rear wheel 573 b.

The movement guide wheels are a movement guide front wheel 572a and a movement guide rear wheel 572b, respectively; the chain comprises a front zipper strip 571a and a rear zipper strip 571 b; the moving guide front wheel 572a and the moving guide rear wheel 572b can synchronously slide between the fixed guide front wheel 573a and the fixed guide rear wheel 573 b.

One end of the front zipper strip 571a is connected with the front end part of the longitudinal moving seat 56, and the other end is changed in direction by the fixed guide front wheel 573a, and then is tensioned and fixed at the front end of the inner wall of the front arm beam 52 after bypassing the moving guide front wheel 572 a; one end of the similar rear tension chain 571b is connected to the rear end of the longitudinal moving base 56, and the other end is turned by the fixed guide rear wheel 573b, passes around the moving guide rear wheel 572b, and is fixed to the rear end of the inner wall of the front arm beam 52 in a tensioned state.

The moving guide front wheel 572a and the moving guide rear wheel 572b are simultaneously fixed on a transmission frame 574, the transmission frame 574 comprises two transmission frame beams 574a at two sides, the moving guide front wheel 572a and the moving guide rear wheel 572b are positioned between the two transmission frame beams 574a, and driving frame sliding grooves 575 for the driving frames to slide are respectively arranged on the inner walls at two sides of the front arm beam 52.

Further, the driving rack sliding groove on each side is composed of an upper grooved plate 575a and a lower grooved plate 575b which are fixed on the inner wall of the front arm beam 52 and are parallel to each other.

The wheel shafts of the chain drive front wheel 572a and the chain drive rear wheel 572b penetrate through the transmission frame beams 574a on both sides, so that both ends of the wheel shafts are simultaneously arranged in the driving frame sliding grooves 575 on both sides, and the wheel shafts play a role of guide shafts.

Further, the free ends of the axles of the front and rear moving

guide wheels

572a and 572b are provided with rollers 578, so that the movement of the driving bracket 574 is smoother.

The power source of the chain transmission mechanism is provided by a driving oil cylinder 576, and any end of the transmission frame 574 is connected with a piston rod 576b of the driving oil cylinder 576 to provide the sliding power of the transmission frame 574. In this embodiment, the cylinder body 576a of the chain drive cylinder 576 is mounted at the rear end within the front arm beam 52 because the rear end has a longer mounting space for mounting and driving.

The chain drive cylinder 576 is connected to two drive frame beams 574a of the drive frame 574 by a connecting shaft 577.

The above is a complete solution of the chain transmission mechanism, and the special design of the scheme can keep the front zipper strip 571a and the rear zipper strip 571b in a tensioning state in the sliding process of the longitudinal moving seat 56 on the front arm mechanism 5, so as to form a balanced front and rear restraining force on the longitudinal moving seat 56, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of locking in the sliding process, ensuring more stable sliding and effectively reducing the failure rate.

The forearm mechanism 5 needs to be arranged on the carrier mechanism, so that the connection mechanisms such as the spray head assembly 9, the template mechanism 8, the related spray head displacement mechanism, the spray head fine adjustment mechanism and the like can be subjected to integral deflection and integral movement, and a more refined control purpose is realized.

The sprayed concrete is added with the fiber yarns, so that the formed supporting layer contains a plurality of fiber yarns.

In addition, the die spraying equipment is also provided with a control system, and the die spraying equipment is provided with a die spraying control system which comprises a template fine adjustment module, a spray head displacement module, a spraying module and a control module; the template fine-tuning module is used for receiving a template fine-tuning signal sent by the control module, controlling the rotation, the pitching angle and the like of the template/template mechanism, and controlling a mold cavity formed between the template and the arch centering, so that the mold cavity formed by the template, the arch centering and the rock surface forms a better sealing effect, and the concrete is prevented from leaking in a large range in the process of being sprayed into the mold cavity; the spray head displacement module is used for receiving the spray displacement signal sent by the control module and controlling the displacement of the spray head in the transverse and longitudinal directions so as to ensure that the spray head can be adjusted to the upper part of the mold cavity through a large-range movement when the spray head is far away from the rock surface; the nozzle fine-tuning module is used for receiving a template fine-tuning signal sent by the control module and controlling the rotation, pitching angle and the like of the nozzle/nozzle assembly so as to control the angle and direction of the nozzle, ensure that the nozzle faces the inside of the mold cavity from the upper part of the mold cavity, ensure that the concrete sprayed by the nozzle is not perpendicular to the rock surface, and preferably control the direction of the nozzle to be perpendicular to the opening part of the mold cavity and to be aligned with the inner bottom of the mold cavity; the spraying module is used for receiving the spraying signal sent by the control module and controlling the spraying of the concrete and the accelerator, the spraying metering, the pressure intensity and the like so as to fully mix the concrete and the accelerator and achieve the best concrete spraying effect; the control of a concrete pumping mechanism is respectively included, and the concrete is controlled to be sprayed into the die cavity; the concrete accelerator is characterized by also comprising an accelerator pumping mechanism, a concrete spraying mechanism and a concrete spraying mechanism, wherein the accelerator pumping mechanism is used for controlling the spraying amount of an accelerator to the cavity of the mold, so that the concrete and the accelerator are accurately controlled to be mixed, and then can be mixed in an express way and solidified in the mold cavity in an express way; in the pumping mechanism of the accelerator, pumping equipment of the accelerator is controlled by a frequency converter, and the flow of the accelerator pump is regulated by controlling the rotating speed of a motor by the frequency converter; of course, the accelerator pump flow rate is regulated by the hydraulic motor. Similarly, the spraying of concrete can also be controlled using similar principles. The control module is used for controlling the components of the whole system, can be connected to a remote control end in a wireless/wired mode, can be remotely controlled through the remote control end, for example, is in signal connection with a controller on the die spraying equipment through a wireless remote controller, transmits a control signal to the controller on the die spraying equipment through the wireless remote controller, and controls the action of each mechanism through the controller on the die spraying equipment to realize the control of the action of the die spraying equipment.

The automatic guniting module is based on the image technology, the image technology is adopted to detect the concrete spraying state in different mould spraying modes (for example, a camera is arranged at the upper end of a template or the nozzle of a nozzle and used for monitoring the spraying state of the concrete), a signal is sent to the control module to be judged, when the judgment is needed, the control module sends a signal to the nozzle fine-adjustment module in time, the spraying angle or the spraying position of the nozzle is adjusted, and therefore efficient guniting is achieved. In addition, the module can include one, two, three or more according to the number of the die cavities, so that the automatic guniting template is firstly matched according to the number of the die cavities, if three die cavities are adopted, concrete is sprayed to the three die cavities one by one, when the first die cavity is about to reach a full position, whether the sprayed concrete reaches a full state is judged through sensors of the template or sensors of infrared rays and the like (the template/template mechanism is provided with the sensors or the sensors of infrared rays and the like at the mouth part/inlet part of the die cavity formed by the rock surface), and collected data are used for instructing guniting to be finished and changing the next die cavity. In addition, the automatic guniting module can also realize the functions of automatically aligning the template and guniting by three-dimensional scanning of the section and intelligent control of the arm support. The mold cavity full spraying detection module is used for detecting whether the mold cavity is full of concrete or not, a sensor can be additionally arranged on a spray head or above a template to detect whether the material in the mold cavity is full of concrete or not, when the full spraying is detected, a full spraying signal is sent to the control module, and the control module rapidly controls the spraying control system and the control module thereof to close the spraying of the accelerating agent and the concrete, so that manual observation is replaced, and the waste of the concrete and the accelerating agent is reduced; meanwhile, the damage or safety accident caused by concrete overflow to the site construction can be avoided. The detection module of whitewashing pipe material, increase the sensor on the whitewashing pipe, whether there is one of them section that does not have the material in the detection whitewashing pipe, if detect that there is not the material in the whitewashing pipe, send the signal that the whitewashing pipe does not have the material to control module, control module then controls the accelerator pumping system among the injection system and sends the close signal, thereby close the pump sending of accelerator, promptly cut off the supply of accelerator promptly, when detecting that the whitewashing pipe has the material, then send the signal that the whitewashing pipe has the material to control module, control module then controls the accelerator pumping system among the injection system and sends the turn-on signal, resume the supply of accelerator immediately. The concrete pump comprises an accelerator monitoring module, a control module and a concrete pump delivery module, wherein the accelerator monitoring module mainly comprises a sensor arranged at the mixing front section of an accelerator pipe and an air pipe, and is used for detecting whether an accelerator exists in a pipeline or not, sending an alarm signal to the control module when no accelerator exists in the pipeline, and sending a pumping stopping signal to the concrete pump delivery module by the control module so as to stop pumping concrete; thereby preventing the whole body from falling off because of no accelerator.

And the support time module is mainly used for presetting a proportioning relation and a time relation according to the mixing amount of the accelerator, so that supports are really supported, inputting the mixing amount of the accelerator when spraying is carried out, automatically generating support time according to the preset corresponding relation between the proportioning of the accelerator and the support time, starting from the spraying time or the full spraying time when the concrete is sprayed in the cavity, and sending a signal to the control module when the support time reaches the preset time, so that the control module sends prompt information. In addition, in daily use, the arch sections of the arch are usually partitioned, when the arch is used, the arch sections can be selected in the control module in advance, and the control module prompts the mixing amount of the accelerating agent and the supporting time according to a pre-stored system or relationship. Meanwhile, the support time module has the function of automatically determining the demoulding time; the method comprises the following steps that a detection device (such as a sensor, a hardness sensor and the like) is arranged on a template, the concrete solidification condition can be detected, the detection device monitors that the condition of concrete in a mold cavity is compared with a preset condition (such as strength, hardness, fluidity and the like), if the preset condition is met, a signal is fed back to a control module, and the control module sends a signal to a template mechanism to automatically demold the mold or prompts an operator to demold the mold; and the construction difficulty is reduced.

On one hand, the template module is automatically aligned, a hydraulic pressure sensor is arranged for monitoring and feeding back a hydraulic pressure value to judge whether the template is attached to the arch centering, and if the fed back hydraulic pressure value reaches a preset value or interval, a signal is sent to a control module to close further attachment between the template and the arch centering; thereby protecting the form from plastic deformation. On the other hand, when the template/template mechanism of the whole mold spraying equipment stops at the tunnel face, the position is fixed, the internal condition of the tunnel is scanned through an image technology, a position sensor or a sensor is arranged on the template, template distance information is gathered through sensing the distance between the template and an excavated rock face and is transmitted to an automatic template module, the template module is automatically scanned according to the image technology, the imaging of the arch frame is converted into data analysis, the analog forming module performs analog imaging, the automatic template module sends an automatic alignment signal to an execution module through comparing the position relation (the position and the distance can be sensed through the sensor) of the imaging and the equipment, and the execution module controls the template/template module to adjust so as to repeatedly control and realize automatic template alignment removal. Two main requirements are noted, namely, the first point, that the equipment is fixed on the tunnel face and the position is fixed. And the second point is used for finding a reference point on the equipment, and the position from the reference point to the arch frame and the position from the reference point to the template surface have a mutual relation, so that the requirement for the template automatically is met.

The automatic nozzle alignment module is in signal connection with the control module, and comprises a detection function module, a judgment function module and an adjustment function module, wherein the detection function module detects the parallel relation between a nozzle assembly and a template/template mechanism in real time, transmits information to the judgment function module, compares and judges the information detected in real time with on-line information, sends out an unadjusted signal to the adjustment function module if the information is parallel to each other, sends out an adjustment signal to the adjustment function module if the information is not parallel to each other, the adjustment function module passes through the positions of the nozzle and the module, and automatically aligns the parallel positions of the nozzle after the template is aligned.

In addition, a monitoring system is required to be arranged in the die spraying equipment, and the monitoring system is mainly used for monitoring the equipment state and recording parameters in real time, including recording the state of the die spraying equipment, the using amount of the accelerator and the real-time recording of an equipment experiment in real time, uploading the real-time recording to a network, and leaving related data and providing data support for the future; certainly, the monitoring template can also be arranged on the mold spraying equipment and is mainly used for off-line monitoring and recording, and the monitoring template is uniformly stored after the tunnel is constructed for a certain distance; or according to the prior chip technology, a chip is preset on the primary support of the tunnel, and the chip stores data information of all tunnel constructions, so that the data support is provided for the convenience of future maintenance/repair and repair.

In the mould spouts equipment, can also set up the closed-loop control system that accelerator discharge capacity was adjusted, also set up adjustment mechanism in injection system promptly, accessible current control this adjustment mechanism's rotational speed forward adjustment, the accelerator pump export increases the flowmeter, through actual test flow data transfer to the injection control module in, the injection control module is compared with theoretical value through actual test feedback, constantly revises, realizes the accurate control that accelerator discharge capacity was adjusted.

In addition, the control system can also be provided with a charging module which has the functions of prepayment of the expenses and the preset time, the expenses are timed or calculated from the starting time, the preset time value is reduced through a deduction module preset in the control system until the prepayment of the expenses/the preset time is used up, and the vehicle is stopped until the prepayment of the next time and the preset time can be continuously used.

In the die spraying equipment, most of the oil cylinders are adopted to realize the functions of displacement, rotation, fine adjustment and the like, so that the possibility of leakage of hydraulic oil is possible in the use process of the equipment, a hydraulic oil monitoring module is required to be arranged, for example, a liquid level sensor is added in a hydraulic oil tank to detect the liquid level and monitor the consumption of the hydraulic oil, when the hydraulic oil reaches a preset value or is less than the preset value, an alarm signal is sent to a control module immediately,

(II) control mode

1. Manual control, all actions of the die spraying equipment are controlled manually; all actions such as rotation, movement, adjustment, displacement and the like on the whole die spraying equipment can be completed by adopting an oil cylinder, an air cylinder, a motor driving chain, a motor driving gear or other similar driving mechanisms, so that control buttons/control keys and the like of all moving mechanisms can be integrated together and the actions can be manually controlled; although manual control is needed, all the moving mechanisms can be integrated into a control system of the die spraying equipment, and certainly, in the case of manual control, a control module is used for controlling components of the whole system, the control module can be connected to a remote control end in a wireless/wired mode, remote control is performed through the remote control end, for example, the control module is in signal connection with a controller on the die spraying equipment through a wireless remote controller, the wireless remote controller transmits a control signal to the controller on the die spraying equipment, and the controller on the die spraying equipment controls the action of each mechanism to realize the control of the action of the die spraying equipment.

2. The full-automatic control system sets a control module of the whole control system as an automatic control system, and always comprises an automatic operation technology of a template mechanism and/or a spray head assembly and an automatic driving technology of a trolley/frame body; the automatic operation of the template mechanism and/or the spray head assembly can be realized by arranging shooting equipment such as an image camera, a magnetic induction camera and the like on a template or a spray head, the shape of the steel arch is shot in advance through an image technology, the shooting equipment is in signal connection with a simulation forming module, the simulation forming module is in signal connection with a calculation module, when the shooting equipment shoots corresponding image information, the corresponding image information is transmitted to the simulation forming module, and the simulation forming module is used for simulating and imaging based on the three-dimensional fitting of the appearance of the arch; then the information of the simulated imaging is transmitted to a calculation module, and the calculation module calculates the actual motion track of the template by calculating various parameters of the calculation module; the calculation module is in signal connection with the execution module, transmits an execution command to the execution module, and drives the template to move according to a track through the electronic control hydraulic control element; thereby enabling control of the automated operation of the platen mechanism and/or the spray head assembly. Still be provided with the module of rectifying in this automatic control system, when template mechanism is at the operation in-process, the image that shooting equipment was shot compares the deviation with the actual template removal in-process, and the module of rectifying this moment can send the signal of rectifying to the execution module through image feedback, adjusts the removal orbit of template simultaneously to realize closed-loop control, can the removal orbit of high progress control template. The intelligent control can be realized by adopting a remote control (mobile phone, pad and the like) control device and a monitoring device or by communication connection control through a mobile network and the internet.

Certainly if the mould of this patent spouts equipment adopts the mould to spout the platform truck or the mould spouts the support body, it also can match the setting according to current autopilot technique, makes this car ability automatic operation.

In addition, in order to ensure the construction safety, the equipment also has a shutdown locking function. When the detected equipment is abnormal, the manufacturer and the equipment service can lock the equipment by one key, so that the equipment stops working.

And (4) carrying out die spraying on a trolley. When the die spraying device is used, the die spraying trolley is adopted to the great extent, the trolley needs to be driven into a tunnel for field construction, so that the cab needs to be designed to rotate for controlling the die cavity, for example, the motor drives the gear to control the cab to rotate, and the automatic steering of the cab in the automatic steering mode can be realized by controlling the motor. When the trolley enters the tunnel, a neutral position sensor can be arranged on the trolley and used for controlling and monitoring steering automatic centering or semi-automatic centering so as to center wheels; the tunnel is located in the middle of the tunnel, so that construction and vault operation on two sides of the tunnel are facilitated at the same time. The brake control system, the service brake one-way control system, the brake control system, the service brake double-loop control system and the brake system adopt the design of electronic hand brake and under-voltage alarm for parking, and can adopt the existing system to design.

The equipment is shut down and locked, and when the equipment is detected to be abnormal, a manufacturer and an equipment owner can lock the equipment by one key to stop the equipment.

3. Semi-automatic control, in order to realize man-machine integration construction, can spout the mode that equipment adopted full-automatic and manual control intercombination with the mould, some inconvenient location or control, or the higher action of the degree of difficulty is by manual control, simple action then is accomplished by equipment is automatic, if can adjust the fine-tuning of shower nozzle through manual control and adjust the position back that shower nozzle mechanism was adjusted, the automatic movable mould of rethread spouts equipment to realize that the shower nozzle subassembly spouts the effect of concrete to the mould intracavity automation. The spray head and the arm support are controlled to be switched, the spray head and the arm support can be manually and automatically controlled to be switched, all actions of guniting are automatically controlled after the spray head and the arm support are manually adjusted in place, and operation difficulty is reduced.

The tunnel die spraying process comprises the following steps:

step 1, controlling a template mechanism to be close to an excavated rock wall, and adjusting the pitching and rotating angles of the template mechanism to enable a template body, the rock wall and other auxiliary mechanisms/auxiliary structures to be matched to form a mold cavity for pouring;

step 2, moving the spray head assembly above the mold cavity, and adjusting the angle of the spray head assembly relative to the mold cavity to enable the spray head assembly not to be perpendicular to the rock wall and to face a pouring opening at the top of the mold cavity at an optimal angle;

step 3, starting a concrete pumping mechanism, an accelerator pumping mechanism and compressed air supply equipment of the injection system, conveying the concrete, the accelerator and the compressed air to a material-agent mixer, controlling the mixing proportion of the concrete and the accelerator, and injecting the concrete mixed with the accelerator into the mold cavity by the compressed air after the material-agent mixer is mixed until the mold cavity is full of the concrete;

and 4, forming a supporting layer after the concrete to be sprayed reaches the supporting time, such as 30 seconds to 10 minutes, and controlling the template mechanism to be far away from the supporting layer to finish the mold spraying.

In addition, in the invention, the tunnel is divided into an edge arch section and a top arch section from the arch direction, when the mold spraying is carried out, the mold spraying is carried out by taking the bottom of the tunnel as a support, after the front edge arch section is subjected to the mold spraying and forms a supporting layer, the support is taken as the bottom support of the next edge arch section, and the like is carried out, from bottom to top, until the top arch section is subjected to the mold spraying; when the top arch section is used, the spray head assembly is selected to be subjected to a guniting process to complete or the guniting assembly is arranged to spray so as to connect the side arch sections and the top arch section on two sides into a whole.

In the process of die spraying, the template mechanism forms one die cavity with one of two steel arches, or forms two or three die cavities with two or three of a plurality of steel arches, and the concrete can be sprayed to the number of the die cavities from left to right and from the middle to two sides.

The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.

Claims

1. Tunnel mould spouts equipment, its characterized in that: the tunnel construction system comprises a spray head assembly, a template mechanism and a spraying system, wherein in the tunnel construction process, the template mechanism is matched with a tunnel excavation rock surface to form a mold cavity, the spray head assembly is arranged above the mold cavity, and a spray head faces the mold cavity; the spray head assembly is connected with a spraying system, concrete filled with an accelerating agent is pumped to the spray head assembly, and the spray head assembly sprays the concrete into the die cavity along an angle which is not vertical to the rock surface, so that the concrete is solidified in the die cavity to form a supporting layer.

2. The tunnel die spraying apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the sprayer assembly is arranged on the sprayer fine adjustment mechanism, and the sprayer fine adjustment mechanism adjusts the pitching angle and/or the rotating angle or the three-dimensional angle of the sprayer assembly; the spray head fine adjustment mechanism is arranged on the spray head displacement mechanism; the spray head displacement mechanism controls the displacement of the spray head assembly in space.

3. The tunnel die spraying apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the injection system comprises a concrete pumping mechanism, an accelerator pumping mechanism, compressed air supply equipment and a material-agent mixer; the concrete pumping mechanism is connected with the material-agent mixer and used for feeding concrete into the material-agent mixer; the quick-setting agent pumping mechanism is connected with the material-agent mixer and used for feeding the quick-setting agent into the material-agent mixer to be mixed with concrete, the compressed air supply equipment is connected with the material-agent mixer and used for feeding compressed air into the material-agent mixer, and the material-agent mixer is provided with a spray head assembly.

4. The tunnel die spraying apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the template mechanism is provided with a template adjusting mechanism, the template adjusting mechanism adjusts the distance between the template and the rock surface, and adjusts the pitching angle and/or the rotating angle or the three-dimensional angle of the template mechanism, so that a mold cavity/demolding is formed between the template mechanism and the rock surface.

5. The tunnel die spraying apparatus of one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the spray head displacement mechanism and/or the template fine adjustment mechanism are/is arranged on the supporting mechanism, and the supporting mechanism can drive the template mechanism and/or the spray head assembly to be close to/far away from the excavated rock face.

6. The tunnel die spraying apparatus of one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: a steel arch is arranged on the tunnel excavation rock surface, and the template mechanism, the steel arch and the excavation rock surface are matched to form a mold cavity; or the tunnel excavation rock face is not provided with a mold cavity, and the template mechanism is directly matched with the excavation rock face to form the mold cavity; the concrete is sprayed into the mold cavity from the top of the mold cavity by the spraying system through the spray head assembly and is solidified in the mold cavity to form the supporting layer.

7. The tunnel die spraying apparatus of claim 6, wherein: the method comprises the following steps that a plurality of steel arch frames are arranged in parallel at intervals in the length direction of a tunnel, the steel arch frames are arranged on the rock wall of the tunnel in an arch shape, concrete is sprayed between any adjacent steel arch frames to form a supporting layer on the rock wall of the tunnel, and the supporting layer is of an arch structure formed by sequentially connecting a plurality of supporting blocks into a whole; the two sides of the supporting layer are respectively bonded with the steel arch, the surface of the supporting layer is an arc surface with the same radian as the steel arch, and the surface of the supporting layer is smooth.

8. The tunnel die spraying apparatus of one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the device is also provided with a control system, wherein the control system comprises a template adjusting module, a spray head fine-tuning module, a spray head displacement module, an injection module and a control module; the template adjusting module is used for receiving a template adjusting signal sent by the control module and controlling the rotation, the pitching angle and the like of the template/template mechanism so as to control a mold cavity/demolding between the template mechanism and a rock surface; the spray head displacement module is used for receiving the spray displacement signal sent by the control module, controlling the displacement of the spray head in the transverse and longitudinal directions and adjusting the spray head to be above the mold cavity; the spray head fine adjustment module is used for receiving the template fine adjustment signal sent by the control module and controlling the rotation, the pitching angle and the like of the spray head/spray head assembly so as to control the angle/direction of the spray head and ensure that concrete sprayed by the spray head is not vertical to a rock surface; the spraying module is used for receiving the spraying signal sent by the control module and controlling the mixing and pumping of the concrete and the accelerator; and the control module is used for controlling the work of each module of the whole system, can be connected to a remote control end in a wireless/wired mode, receives a control signal of the remote control end and respectively sends the control signal to each module.

9. The tunnel die spraying apparatus of claim 5, wherein: the support mechanism is a support arm frame, the support arm frame is a large arm, an auxiliary arm, two arms, three arms or a frame type arm frame structure, and the template mechanism and the spray head assembly are arranged on the support arm frame.

10. The tunnel die spraying apparatus of claim 9, wherein: the support arm frame is set to be a large arm, the support arm frame is set to be a telescopic arm structure or a folding arm structure, a wet spraying front arm is arranged at the end part of the support arm frame, and a template mechanism is arranged at the end part of the wet spraying front arm; be equipped with shower nozzle displacement mechanism on the wet blasting forearm, be equipped with shower nozzle fine-tuning on the shower nozzle displacement mechanism, be equipped with the shower nozzle subassembly on the shower nozzle fine-tuning, adjust the spatial displacement, angle and the direction of shower nozzle subassembly.