CN109372550B - Combined template mechanism for die spraying - Google Patents
Combined template mechanism for die spraying Download PDFInfo
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- CN109372550B CN109372550B CN201811419852.9A CN201811419852A CN109372550B CN 109372550 B CN109372550 B CN 109372550B CN 201811419852 A CN201811419852 A CN 201811419852A CN 109372550 B CN109372550 B CN 109372550B
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 210000000245 forearm Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 abstract description 37
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009718 spray deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/102—Removable shuttering; Bearing or supporting devices therefor
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- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a combined template mechanism for die spraying, which comprises a template group, wherein the template group is formed by connecting more than two single templates in a horizontal and/or vertical manner in a foldable/turnover manner; the integral template formed after the template group is unfolded can be matched with an excavated rock surface to form at least one die cavity; the template group is connected to the frame/carrier, and an opening and closing control mechanism is arranged between the single templates of the template group. The whole area of a die cavity formed by the template group and the steel arch on the excavated rock surface in a surrounding mode is enlarged, and the concrete spraying amount of the template group after single movement is improved; meanwhile, the problem of concrete leakage caused by gaps between the steel arch and the rock surface and gaps between the template group and the steel arch is effectively avoided; and through the side mould mechanism of new design, make the template mechanism, side mould mechanism and rock face between directly form the die cavity, further improved the efficiency that the mould spouts and pours.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering construction, and particularly relates to a combined template mechanism for die spraying.
Background
Among existing tunnel engineering machines, a concrete sprayer is a relatively common construction machine. The working principle of the concrete sprayer is that compressed air is utilized to convey the pre-mixed concrete mixture to a nozzle of the sprayer through a pipeline, a material bundle is formed after accelerator is doped, the concrete is sprayed to a sprayed surface at a high speed under the action of the compressed air, and the accelerator enables concrete to be quickly coagulated and hardened, so that a concrete supporting layer is formed. The shotcrete technology has been widely used in various engineering fields by its simple process.
In order to ensure that the concrete supporting layer can meet the strength requirement in a certain time, a large amount of concrete accelerator needs to be added into the concrete, the sprayed concrete has high rebound rate, unnecessary waste is caused, the surface finish degree of the supporting layer after supporting and forming is poor, and the surface of the supporting layer needs to be shaped, so that the construction period is prolonged.
In the practical process of spraying or pouring forming of the tunnel primary support, the applicant finds that the rebound rate of concrete can be effectively reduced and the use of concrete accelerator can be reduced by adopting the template, and meanwhile, the problem that even the weight concrete leaks from the support die cavity is caused by the gravity of the concrete and the impact force of concrete spraying when the concrete is injected into the die cavity of the support die because the uneven condition of the tunnel excavation surface of the primary excavation is unavoidable, and gaps exist between the support surface and the excavation surface of the erected steel arch to different degrees.
In addition, how to improve the efficiency of concrete spraying on the basis of using a template for mold spraying is also a problem which has been considered by the applicant. If the template can only be horizontally clung to 2 adjacent steel arches, the template can only form an independent transverse die cavity every time when moving from bottom to top, thus definitely causing low spraying efficiency, if the template can be horizontally clung to more than 3 adjacent steel arches every time, more than two independent continuous transverse die cavities can be formed every time, the concrete spraying area after each moving of the template is improved, the spraying efficiency can definitely be greatly improved, but the problem to be solved is how to realize; moreover, if a single formwork covers a plurality of steel arches, the plurality of steel arches are not likely to be strictly kept flush in the longitudinal direction, the problem that a local gap exists after the formwork is tightly attached to the steel arches is inevitably caused, and gaps are formed between the formwork and the outermost steel arches, and concrete leakage is caused during spray casting.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: aiming at the problems in the prior art, the combined template mechanism for the template spraying is provided, the spraying construction efficiency of the primary support of the tunnel is effectively improved, the leakage phenomenon caused by gaps of a die cavity formed between a template group and a steel arch is avoided, and the template mechanism can be directly formed with the die cavity of an excavated rock surface without taking the steel arch as a basis.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: the combined template mechanism for the die spraying comprises a template group, wherein the template group is formed by connecting more than two single templates in a manner of being foldable/folding in the transverse direction and/or the vertical direction; the integral template formed after the template group is unfolded can be matched with an excavated rock surface to form at least one die cavity; the template group is connected to the frame/carrier, and an opening and closing control mechanism is arranged between the single templates of the template group.
The combined type template mechanism is characterized in that the template group is formed by more than two single templates which are connected in a foldable/folding way in the transverse direction, the adjacent single templates are mutually hinged and connected through an opening and closing control mechanism, and the opening and closing control mechanism can adjust the opening and closing of the adjacent single templates.
According to the combined template mechanism, the opening and closing control mechanism is a lateral oil cylinder, and a cylinder body and a piston rod of the lateral oil cylinder are respectively hinged to two adjacent templates; the template sets are attached to the frame/carrier by template holders.
The combined template mechanism provided by the invention further comprises a pitching angle adjusting mechanism and/or a rotating angle adjusting mechanism, wherein the rotating angle adjusting mechanism can adjust the rotating angle of the template, and the pitching angle adjusting mechanism can adjust the pitching angle of the template.
According to the combined type template mechanism, any single template can be hinged on the template support, and the pitching angle adjusting mechanism is set to be a template pitching oil cylinder; the cylinder body of the template pitching cylinder is hinged on the template support, and the piston rod of the template pitching cylinder is hinged on a single template connected with the template support, so that the template pitching cylinder stretches and contracts to control the pitching angle of the template.
According to the combined template mechanism, the template mechanism is connected with the frame/carrier through the forearm mechanism, the template group is connected to the forearm mechanism, and the forearm mechanism is connected with the template support through the rotation adjusting mechanism, so that the rotation angle of the template group can be controlled.
The combined type template mechanism is characterized in that a side template mechanism is arranged at the transverse edge of the template group, the side template mechanism comprises a side template component, and the side template component can stretch in the direction perpendicular to a single template connected with the side template component to be attached to an excavation surface of a tunnel, so that the template group, the excavation rock surface and the side template mechanism can be matched with each other to form a die cavity.
According to the combined type template mechanism, the side template assembly is formed by arranging a plurality of side template units in the vertical direction, and each side template unit is respectively connected with the telescopic mechanism, so that any side template unit can independently and telescopically move.
The combined type template mechanism further comprises a side template support, wherein the side template support is fixed at the transverse edge of the template group and is perpendicular to the template group, and the side template units are attached to the side surfaces of the transverse edge of the side template mechanism and are arranged in relative telescopic movement of the side template support.
The side template unit comprises an inner stroke frame, a side template cover and a telescopic mechanism, wherein the side template cover is slidably sleeved on the inner stroke frame, the telescopic mechanism is an oil cylinder, an air cylinder, a gear mechanism or a chain transmission mechanism, and the telescopic mechanism is connected with the side template cover and the inner stroke frame and controls the side template cover to slide on the inner stroke frame.
The combined template mechanism comprises three single templates which are connected in a foldable/turnover way in the transverse direction, wherein the single templates are respectively a main template in the middle and auxiliary templates positioned at two sides of the main template; the main template is hinged to the template support, and two lateral sides of the main template are respectively hinged with the auxiliary templates; the opening and closing control mechanism is arranged on the middle template and is respectively connected with and controls the opening and closing of the two auxiliary templates; and the integral template formed by the template group is matched with the excavated rock surface to form 1 or more mold cavities.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the combined template mechanism for the concrete mould spraying is specially designed, so that the integral area of a mould cavity formed by the template group and the steel arch on the excavated rock face in a surrounding mode is enlarged, the concrete spraying amount after the template group moves once is improved, and the spraying efficiency is effectively improved; meanwhile, the problem of concrete leakage caused by gaps between the steel arch and the excavation surface and gaps between the template group and the steel arch is effectively avoided; and through the side form mechanism of new design, make the die cavity of direct formation between template mechanism, side form mechanism and the rock face, and do not regard the erection of steel bow member as the precondition, enlarged template mechanism's application scope, and further improved the efficiency that the mould spouts and pours.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a modular form mechanism;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram II of a modular template mechanism;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram III of a modular template mechanism;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a modular template mechanism;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a master template;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a secondary template;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a template holder;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a sideform unit I;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram II of a sideform unit;
FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of an inner stroke frame of a sideform unit;
FIG. 12 is a second schematic illustration of an inner stroke frame of a sideform unit;
fig. 13 is a schematic view of a side mold bracket.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present technology will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The combined template mechanism for the die spraying comprises a template group, wherein the template group is formed by connecting more than two single templates in a manner of being foldable/folding in the transverse direction and/or the vertical direction; the integral template formed after the template group is unfolded can be matched with an excavated rock surface to form at least one die cavity; the template group is connected to the frame/carrier, and an opening and closing control mechanism is arranged between the single templates of the template group.
Further, the template group is formed by more than two single templates which are connected in a foldable/folding way in the transverse direction, the adjacent single templates are mutually hinged and connected through an opening and closing control mechanism, and the opening and closing control mechanism can adjust the opening and closing between the adjacent single templates. The opening and closing control mechanism is a lateral oil cylinder 6, and a cylinder body and a piston rod of the lateral oil cylinder 6 are respectively hinged to two adjacent templates; the template sets are connected to the frame/carrier by template holders 4. The template group also comprises a pitching angle adjusting mechanism and/or a rotating angle adjusting mechanism, wherein the rotating angle adjusting mechanism can adjust the rotating angle of the template, and the pitching angle adjusting mechanism can adjust the pitching angle of the template.
An arbitrary single template can be hinged on the template support 4, and the pitching angle adjusting mechanism is set as a template pitching oil cylinder 5; the cylinder body of the template pitching cylinder 5 is hinged on the template support 4, and the piston rod of the cylinder body is hinged on a single template connected with the template support, so that the template pitching cylinder 5 stretches and contracts to control the pitching angle of the template.
The template mechanism is connected with the frame/carrier through a forearm mechanism, the template group is connected to the forearm mechanism, and the forearm mechanism is connected with the template support through a rotation adjusting mechanism (not shown in the figure) to control the rotation angle of the template group.
Example 2
The template group is formed by more than two single templates which are connected in a foldable/folding way in the transverse direction, the adjacent single templates are mutually hinged and connected through an opening and closing control mechanism, and the opening and closing control mechanism can adjust the opening and closing between the adjacent single templates. The side form mechanism 3 is arranged at the transverse edge part of the single form at the two ends of the form group, the side form mechanism 3 comprises a side form component, and the side form component can stretch in the direction vertical to the connected single form to be attached to the excavation surface of the tunnel, so that the form group, the excavation rock surface and the side form mechanism can be mutually matched to form a mold cavity.
The side template assembly is formed by arranging a plurality of side template units 31 in the vertical direction, and each side template unit 31 is respectively connected with a telescopic mechanism, so that any side template unit can independently and telescopically move.
The side die mechanism further comprises a side die support 32, the side die support 32 is fixed at the transverse edge of the connected single die plate, the side die support 32 is perpendicular to the connected single die plate, and the side die plate unit 31 is attached to the side face of the transverse edge of the side die mechanism and is placed in the side die support to relatively stretch and retract.
The side template unit 31 comprises an inner stroke frame 311, a side template cover 312 and a telescopic mechanism, wherein the side template cover 312 is slidably sleeved on the inner stroke frame 311, the telescopic mechanism is an oil cylinder, an air cylinder, a gear mechanism or a chain transmission mechanism, and the telescopic mechanism is connected with the side template cover and the inner stroke frame and controls the side template cover to slide on the inner stroke frame.
Example 3
The combined template mechanism for concrete template spraying comprises a main template 1, an auxiliary template 2, a side template assembly 3, a template support 4, a pitching oil cylinder 5, a lateral oil cylinder 6 and a hinged support 7, wherein the main template 1 is hinged on the template support 4, and the two lateral sides of the main template 1 are respectively hinged with the auxiliary template 2. The lateral oil cylinder 6 is used as an opening and closing control mechanism and is arranged on the middle template 1 and is respectively connected with and controls the opening and closing of the two auxiliary templates 2; the integral template group formed by the three templates is matched with the excavated rock surface to form 1 or more mold cavities.
That is, the form set is formed by connecting three single forms, namely, a main form 1 in the middle and sub forms 2 located at both sides of the main form, so as to be foldable/folded in the lateral direction. The combined template mechanism can integrally cover more than two adjacent steel arches erected on the tunneling surface at any height; the main template 1 and the auxiliary template 2 are hinged together through a hinged support 7; the piston rod of the lateral oil cylinder 6 is connected with the auxiliary template 2 through a hinged support 21, the back parts of two sides of the main template 1 are respectively provided with a lateral oil cylinder hinged plate 13 which is vertically protruded out of the main template 1, and the cylinder body of the lateral oil cylinder 6 is connected with the lateral oil cylinder hinged plate 13 through a hinged support 14, so that the lateral included angle between the auxiliary template 2 and the main template 1 can be controlled by controlling the extension and retraction of the piston rod of the lateral oil cylinder 6, and the tight fit of the combined template mechanism on the steel arch frame forming the die cavity in the section to be sprayed is realized.
The width of the main template 1 is larger than that of the auxiliary template 2, and the width of the main template 1 is also larger than the distance between the outer sides of two adjacent steel arches, so that three template groups can adapt to fluctuation among a plurality of steel arches, and the occurrence probability of gaps between the template groups and the steel arches is reduced as much as possible.
The template group of this embodiment includes a master template 1 altogether and is located two vice templates 2 of master template both sides, and its overall width can cover four adjacent steel arches in succession for form three die cavities that wait to pour between template group and the four steel arches, when the tunnel excavation face from down upwards remove like this, just can spray the pouring to three die cavities that transversely continue simultaneously once remove, certainly improved the efficiency of construction of spouting by a wide margin. The template group is designed into a combined structure mainly because the steel arches laid in the tunnel after excavation are not strictly positioned in the same plane, if only a single large-span main template is used for covering a plurality of steel arches (such as more than three steel arches), a closed die cavity can not be formed between the main template and the steel arches to the greatest extent, so that gaps are formed at part of the joint positions, and further, concrete can leak outwards in the spraying process. And adopt the template group structure of combination, can carry out angle adjustment in certain within range between main form 1 and the auxiliary form 2, main form 1 can carry out complete laminating with two steel arches of center department, simultaneously through the angle between auxiliary form 2 and the main form 1 of adjustment both sides, also can furthest let the steel arch form and the auxiliary form in outside form good laminating, reduced the probability that the gap appears, reduced the leakage loss volume of concrete, improved the construction quality of spouting.
The front surfaces of the main template 1 and the auxiliary template 2 are cambered surfaces, the radian of the cambered surfaces is the same as or similar to that of a steel arch as far as possible, and transverse reinforcing rib plates 15 and longitudinal reinforcing rib plates 16 are arranged at the back of the main template 1 in a staggered manner; the back of the auxiliary template 2 is also provided with transverse reinforcing rib plates 22 and longitudinal reinforcing rib plates 23 in a staggered manner so as to enhance the integral strength of the main template 1 and the auxiliary template 2.
The back of the main template 1 is hinged with a template support 4, and can be connected with a carrier, such as a rotary large arm of a mould spraying trolley, through the template support 4. The main template 1 is also provided with a pitching oil cylinder 5, and two ends of the pitching oil cylinder 5 are respectively hinged with the template support 4 and the back of the main template 1 and are used for adjusting the whole pitching angle of the template group.
Specifically, the back of the main template 1 is provided with a template hinge support 11, and the template hinge support 11 is connected with the template support 4 and can be connected and fixed with the rotary big arm through the template support 4. The template support 4 comprises a support elbow 41, a support connecting plate 42 and a template connecting seat 43, wherein the support connecting plate 42 is fixed at the horizontal top end of the support elbow 41 so as to facilitate the connection of a rotary large arm. The template connecting seat 43 comprises a template horizontal seat plate 43a and a template vertical seat plate 43b, wherein the template horizontal seat plate 43a is fixed at the vertical bottom end of the support elbow 41, and the template vertical seat plate 43b is fixed at two sides of the template horizontal seat plate 43a and is connected with the template hinge support 11 through a rotating shaft. A cylinder hinge support 44 is arranged between the two template vertical seat plates 43b at the bottom of the template horizontal seat plates 43a to connect the cylinder body of the pitching cylinder 5; on the back of the main template 1 and below said template hinge support 11 is provided a piston rod hinge support 12 of the pitch cylinder 5 for connecting the piston rod of the pitch cylinder 5. Therefore, when the die spraying trolley drives the die plate group to move to different heights on the steel arch through the rotary large arm, the pitching angle of the whole die plate group can be freely adjusted by controlling the piston rod of the pitching oil cylinder 5 to stretch out and draw back, so that the bonding between the die plate group and the steel arch is in the best state, and the best die spraying effect is realized.
Preferably, the seat plate of the template hinge support 11 and the two longitudinal reinforcing rib plates positioned in the center are integrally formed; the seat board reinforcing rib plates are arranged on the side surfaces of the seat boards of all the hinge supports; the outer side surfaces of the main template 1 and the auxiliary template 2 are provided with a layer of wear-resistant plastic interlayer so as to form effective protection on the surfaces of the template groups, and the wear-resistant plastic interlayer can be replaced very conveniently when the surface quality requirements are not met.
Example 4
On the basis of embodiment 3, the two sides of the template group consisting of three templates (namely, the free side ends of the auxiliary templates on the two sides) are provided with side template mechanisms 3, the side template mechanisms 3 for concrete mould spraying comprise side template supports 32 and telescopic side template components, the side template supports 32 are fixed on the edges of the connected templates, the side template components are arranged on the side template supports 32 and can stretch in the direction perpendicular to the connected templates, and the extended side template components can be propped against the excavated rock surface of the tunnel, so that the excavated rock surface, the templates and the side template components can be mutually matched to form a mould cavity.
The sideform assembly is composed of a plurality of sideform units 31 arranged in series, and each sideform unit 31 can perform independent telescopic movement. The side template unit 31 comprises an inner stroke frame 311, a side template cover 312 and a telescopic mechanism, wherein the side template cover 312 is slidably sleeved on the inner stroke frame 311; the telescopic mechanism is set as an oil cylinder, an air cylinder, a gear mechanism or a chain transmission mechanism, and is used for controlling the side die cover 312 to slide on the inner stroke frame. Further, the telescopic mechanism is configured as a telescopic cylinder 313, a cylinder body of the telescopic cylinder 313 is connected to the inner stroke frame 311, a piston rod of the telescopic cylinder 313 is connected to the side die cover 312, and the side die cover 312 is controlled to slide relative to the inner stroke frame 311 by the telescopic of the piston rod.
The telescopic cylinder 313 is arranged in the inner stroke frame 311, and a plurality of sliding blocks 314 are uniformly arranged between the inner stroke frame 311 and the side die cover 312 at intervals.
The sliding blocks 314 are arranged on the outer side surfaces of the inner stroke frame 311, a sliding block mounting groove 314a is formed in the mounting position of each sliding block 314 of the inner stroke frame 311, and the sliding blocks 314 are fixed in the sliding block mounting grooves 314a through bolts. The sliding block 314 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene plates, and the sliding block 314 made of polytetrafluoroethylene plates has the characteristics of high strength and low friction coefficient, so that sliding between the side die cover 313 and the inner stroke frame 311 is smooth, and the problem of high friction resistance caused by direct contact between metals is avoided. Meanwhile, the sliding block group formed by the sliding blocks 314 has smaller contact area with the inner surface of the side mold cover 313, and further reduces friction resistance.
The inner stroke frame 311 and the side die cover 312 are both in hollow rectangular structures, and are respectively provided with a longitudinal inner stroke frame opening and a side die cover opening at the same side, a fixed seat 315 is arranged in the inner stroke frame, and a cylinder body of the telescopic cylinder 313 is arranged on the fixed seat 315; the fixed seat 315 is connected with the side die bracket 32 at the opening side of the inner stroke frame 311.
Further, the front end and the rear end of the inner stroke frame 311 are respectively provided with a fixed seat 315, and cylinder mounting holes 315b are formed in the front end fixed seat and the rear end fixed seat, and the cylinder body of the telescopic cylinder 313 is fixed on the fixed seat 315 through the cylinder mounting holes 315 b. Specifically, a plurality of uniformly spaced cylinder connection screw holes 315c are provided around the cylinder through holes 315b of the front end fixing base 315, and a cylinder connection base plate 313a is provided at the front end of the side mold cylinder 313 cylinder body and is fixed to the front end fixing base 315 by bolts. The bottom of the fixing seat 315 is of a convex structure and is fixed on the inner surface of the inner stroke frame 311, the top of the fixing seat extends out of the inner stroke frame opening of the inner stroke frame 311 and is provided with a fixed transverse plate 315a, and the inner stroke frame 311 is connected with the side die bracket 32 through the fixed transverse plate 315a.
The inner cavity of the inner stroke frame 311 is uniformly provided with a plurality of U-shaped reinforcing rib plates 316 at intervals to enhance the overall strength of the inner stroke frame 311, and the U-shaped inner stroke frame 311 is designed to be U-shaped, mainly for facilitating the installation of the side die cylinder 313.
The front end of the inner wall of the side mold cover 312 is provided with a piston rod connecting seat 312a connected with the top of the piston rod of the telescopic cylinder 313. The front end of the side mold cover 312 is closed, so as to prevent soil and concrete sprayed subsequently from entering the side mold cover 312 after the side mold cover 312 extends out to contact with the excavation surface of the tunnel, and the normal operation of the side mold plate unit 31 is affected. Further preferably, the side mold cover 312 may include a detachable side mold cover 312b fixed to the outer side of the side mold cover 312, in which a plurality of uniformly spaced connection nuts 312c may be welded to the outer side of the side mold cover 312, and the side mold cover 312b is correspondingly provided with screw holes, and then the side mold cover 312b is fixed to the side mold cover 312 by bolts; the side mold cover 312b has the same shape as the side mold cover 312, and the front end of the side mold cover 312 may not be closed any more, but only the front end of the side mold cover 312b is closed. The side mold cover 312b has the effect of effectively protecting the side mold cover 312, reducing direct wear of the side mold cover 312, improving the life of the side mold cover 312, and facilitating replacement of the side mold cover 312b to reduce the use cost.
The side die support 32 comprises a fixed beam 322 and a mounting frame 321, wherein the mounting frame 321 comprises a vertically parallel mounting front beam 321a and a vertically parallel mounting rear beam 321b, which are respectively used for mounting a front end fixed seat and a rear end fixed seat; the fixing beam 322 is flush with the mounting front beam 321a, and the side die holder 32 is mounted on the side of the attached sub-die plate 2 via the fixing beam 322.
The mounting back beam 321b is provided with a plurality of connecting plates 321c for connecting the fixing cross plates 315a of the rear end fixing bases 315 through bolts.
In general, after the side mold mechanisms 3 are symmetrically installed at both side ends of the mold plate group, it is necessary to ensure that the working surfaces (non-open vertical surfaces) of the side mold outer covers 312b of the side mold plate units 31 at both ends are opposite, specifically, all the straight working surfaces of the side mold outer covers 312b at the same side form a combined side mold plate, and when the combined side mold plate integrally extends out, the combined side mold plate can be tightly attached to the outer side of the steel arch frame, and can be tightly attached to the tunnel excavation surface, so that gaps between the steel arch frame and the uneven tunnel excavation surface can be effectively compensated. In use, the stroke amount of each side template unit on the same side is mainly determined according to the uneven condition of the front end excavation surface of the side template units, and is not 'flush-head' and 'in-head', so that the die cavity is sealed more closely by remedy, the whole side template is avoided, and the defect that gaps are also formed due to poor adaptability is overcome. In addition, after the side form units 31 are mounted on the side form brackets 32, the top surfaces and the bottom surfaces of the two adjacent side form housings 312a on the same side can be kept in weak contact or have small fine gaps so as not to influence the independent sliding, and meanwhile, a large amount of concrete leakage caused by larger gaps can be effectively avoided.
In addition, the main effect of introducing the side form mechanism 3 is that when the die spraying construction is carried out, the steel arch frame is not required to be erected as a precondition, the extending side form units 31, the form groups and the excavated rock face are matched very naturally to form a die cavity, so that the die spraying pouring adaptability is stronger, and the die spraying pouring mechanism is suitable for various different working conditions.
Example 5
Based on the working condition that the steel arch is erected on the tunnel rock face, the combined template mechanism is used for carrying out the mould spraying method of the tunnel primary support, and the combined template mechanism is arranged on the trolley and is combined with the trolley for carrying out the mould spraying construction. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: the mould spouts the platform truck and advances to waiting to spout tunnel section times of watering, starts the platform truck and opens the gyration big arm, and the big arm of gyration takes template mechanism to be close the bottom of four continuous steel arches in excavation face one side.
S2: the left and right positions of the template mechanism are adjusted to ensure that the template mechanism can transversely cover the four steel arches; simultaneously, the pitching angle of the template mechanism is adjusted, so that the outer surface of the template mechanism is matched with the radian of the steel arch to the maximum extent; then the outer surface of the template mechanism is tightly attached to the steel arch, and the bottom edge of the template mechanism is contacted with the tunnel excavation bottom surface, so that the template mechanism, the steel arch and the tunnel bottom surface are enclosed to form three continuous transverse die cavities with top openings.
In the step S2, when the left and right positions of the template mechanism are adjusted, all side mould covers of the inner end side mould assembly body of the template mechanism positioned at the tunneling end are integrally extended in a small extent, then the working surface of the side mould cover is adjusted to be clung to the outer side surface of the innermost steel arch, and then the pitching angle is adjusted; in the process of tightly attaching the template mechanism to the steel arches, firstly, tightly attaching the main template to the middle two steel arches, and then adjusting the included angles between the auxiliary templates at two ends and the main template through the lateral oil cylinders, so that the auxiliary templates are tightly attached to the two steel arches at the outer sides; and after the pitching angle is adjusted, continuing to extend all the side mold covers of the inner end side mold assembly until the top ends of the side mold covers respectively prop against the excavation surfaces of the front ends of the side mold covers.
S3: and adjusting the spray head assembly, and spraying the quick-setting concrete downwards from the openings at the tops of the three transverse die cavities in sequence.
S4: after the concrete at the bottom of the die cavity is initially set, the large rotary arm drives the supporting die to move upwards gradually along the steel arch; when the supporting die moves, the spray head component continuously sprays quick-setting concrete into a newly formed die cavity in the moving process of the supporting die and sequentially moves to the vault to finish primary supporting pouring of the single-side excavation surface of the section.
S5: after the top concrete is solidified, the supporting function of the template mechanism is removed, the large rotary arm is rotated and adjusted to enable the template mechanism to face the other side of the same section of the tunnel, and the steps S2-S4 are repeated to finish primary support pouring on the other side; the primary support concrete layer poured on the left side and the right side of the tunnel is lapped at the top of the tunnel, and is supported by a template and scraped after the lap joint is filled, so that the support of the tunnel outline of the section is completed; and after the template mechanism rotates to the other side, the side mold covers of the outer end side mold assembly at the side are fully retracted, and then the steps S2-S4 are repeated.
The template mechanism in actual use can be in a single-frame form except for the three-frame form in the embodiment, and is generally used for forming a single-frame die cavity with two adjacent steel arches; the two-truss type mold can also be adopted, namely, one main mold plate is connected with one auxiliary mold plate, and the main mold plate is generally used for forming two continuous mold cavities with three adjacent steel arches, and the mold plate mechanism can also adopt more than three truss structural forms under the thought of the idea, so that the mold plate mechanism can be flexibly selected and used, but the corresponding improvement is required to be made during the manufacturing, the use and the operation of the mold plate mechanism, so that the problem of new occurrence of the mold plate mechanism is difficult to avoid. And whether the concrete is a single truss or two truss or three truss template mechanisms in the embodiment, the two sides of the concrete template mechanisms can be provided with side template mechanisms to control the leakage of the concrete in the die cavity in the spraying operation. Only the two side mould mechanisms of the single mould plate mechanism are simultaneously arranged at the two end sides of the main mould plate, the two side mould assemblies of the double mould plate mechanism are respectively arranged at the free end sides of the main mould plate and the auxiliary mould plate, and for the three mould plate mechanisms in the embodiment, the two mould plate mechanisms are respectively arranged at the free ends of the two auxiliary mould plates.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A mould spouts with combination formula template mechanism which characterized in that: the template group is formed by connecting more than two single templates in a horizontal and/or vertical manner in a foldable/turnover manner; the integral template formed after the template group is unfolded can be matched with an excavated rock surface to form at least a plurality of die cavities; the template group is connected to the frame/carrier, and an opening and closing control mechanism is arranged between the single templates of the template group; the template group comprises a main template and an auxiliary template, the width of the main template is larger than that of the auxiliary template, and the width of the main template is also larger than the distance between the outer side surfaces of two adjacent steel arches;
the side template assembly can stretch out and draw back in the direction perpendicular to the single template to be attached to the excavation surface of the tunnel, so that the template assembly, the excavation rock surface and the side template assembly can be matched with each other to form a die cavity.
2. The modular die plate mechanism for die spraying as recited in claim 1, wherein: the template group is formed by more than two single templates which are connected in a foldable/folding way in the transverse direction, the adjacent single templates are mutually hinged and connected through an opening and closing control mechanism, and the opening and closing control mechanism can adjust the opening and closing between the adjacent single templates.
3. A modular die plate mechanism for die spraying as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the opening and closing control mechanism is a lateral oil cylinder, and a cylinder body and a piston rod of the lateral oil cylinder are respectively hinged to two adjacent templates; the template sets are attached to the frame/carrier by template holders.
4. A modular die plate mechanism for die spraying as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the template group also comprises a pitching angle adjusting mechanism and/or a rotating angle adjusting mechanism, wherein the rotating angle adjusting mechanism can adjust the rotating angle of the template, and the pitching angle adjusting mechanism can adjust the pitching angle of the template.
5. The modular die plate mechanism for die spraying according to claim 4, wherein: an arbitrary single template can be hinged on the template support, and the pitching angle adjusting mechanism is set as a template pitching oil cylinder; the cylinder body of the template pitching cylinder is hinged on the template support, and the piston rod of the template pitching cylinder is hinged on a single template connected with the template support, so that the template pitching cylinder stretches and contracts to control the pitching angle of the template.
6. The modular die plate mechanism for die spraying according to claim 4, wherein: the template mechanism is connected with the frame/carrier through a forearm mechanism, the template group is connected to the forearm mechanism, and the forearm mechanism is connected with the template support through a rotation adjusting mechanism, so that the rotation angle of the template group can be controlled.
7. The modular die plate mechanism for die spraying as recited in claim 6, wherein: the side template assembly is formed by arranging a plurality of side template units in the vertical direction, and each side template unit is respectively connected with a telescopic mechanism, so that any side template unit can independently and telescopically move.
8. The modular die plate mechanism for die spraying as recited in claim 7, wherein: the side die mechanism further comprises a side die support, the side die support is fixed at the transverse edge of the die plate group and is perpendicular to the die plate group, and the side die plate units are attached to the side face of the transverse edge of the side die mechanism and are placed in the side die support to relatively stretch out and draw back.
9. The modular die plate mechanism for die spraying as recited in claim 8, wherein: the side template unit comprises an inner stroke frame, a side template cover and a telescopic mechanism, wherein the side template cover is slidably sleeved on the inner stroke frame, the telescopic mechanism is an oil cylinder, an air cylinder, a gear mechanism or a chain transmission mechanism, and the telescopic mechanism is connected with the side template cover and the inner stroke frame and controls the side template cover to slide on the inner stroke frame.
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| CN201811419852.9A CN109372550B (en) | 2018-11-26 | 2018-11-26 | Combined template mechanism for die spraying |
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| CN201811419852.9A CN109372550B (en) | 2018-11-26 | 2018-11-26 | Combined template mechanism for die spraying |
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| CN109736853A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-05-10 | 安徽佳乐建设机械有限公司 | A kind of jet mould trolley for tunnel concrete injection |
| CN111520165B (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-12-01 | 广东水电二局股份有限公司 | Tunnel construction is with spraying concrete device with reduce rebound rate |
| CN114319840B (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2024-02-27 | 广东天凛高新科技有限公司 | Cast-in-situ mold capable of being folded and lifted |
| CN115929016A (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-04-07 | 河南省建设集团有限公司 | Foldable aluminum mould board for concrete pouring |
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