WO2023109255A1 - 一种自破冰的极地水域深潜救生艇 - Google Patents

一种自破冰的极地水域深潜救生艇 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023109255A1
WO2023109255A1 PCT/CN2022/123186 CN2022123186W WO2023109255A1 WO 2023109255 A1 WO2023109255 A1 WO 2023109255A1 CN 2022123186 W CN2022123186 W CN 2022123186W WO 2023109255 A1 WO2023109255 A1 WO 2023109255A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rescue
cabin
icebreaking
hob
torque
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/123186
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李志富
万兵兵
石玉云
沈中祥
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江苏科技大学
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Publication date
Application filed by 江苏科技大学 filed Critical 江苏科技大学
Priority to JP2022570424A priority Critical patent/JP7403886B1/ja
Publication of WO2023109255A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023109255A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/08—Ice-breakers or other vessels or floating structures for operation in ice-infested waters; Ice-breakers, or other vessels or floating structures having equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B63B35/12—Ice-breakers or other vessels or floating structures for operation in ice-infested waters; Ice-breakers, or other vessels or floating structures having equipment specially adapted therefor having ice-cutters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C9/00—Life-saving in water
    • B63C9/02—Lifeboats, life-rafts or the like, specially adapted for life-saving
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B63G8/14—Control of attitude or depth
    • B63G8/22—Adjustment of buoyancy by water ballasting; Emptying equipment for ballast tanks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a lifeboat, in particular to a self-breaking ice-breaking deep submersible lifeboat in polar waters.
  • the polar environment is complex and changeable, and accidents of submarine detectors in ice waters occur frequently. When a submarine accident occurs, it is difficult to rescue it in time without special rescue equipment, which may easily cause casualties.
  • the environment in which submarines operate underwater can usually be divided into three areas, namely the shallow water area, sub-deep water area and deep water area.
  • the water depth in the shallow water area does not exceed 200m. If the submarine crashes and sinks in this area, the crew members in the boat can still escape independently without external assistance.
  • the sub-deep water area is between 200m water depth and the submarine's ultimate diving depth. At present, most of the submarines in the world have their ultimate diving depth less than 800m. In this depth range, it is feasible to implement foreign rescue rescue for sunken submarines. . If the submarine crashes and sinks in a deep water area exceeding 800m, the pressure-resistant body of the submarine may be destroyed by seawater pressure in a very short time, and the crew on board will be hopeless.
  • the present invention provides a deep submersible lifeboat in polar waters that is self-contained by the submarine and capable of self-breaking ice.
  • the present invention adopts a self-breaking ice-breaking polar waters deep-diving lifeboat, which includes a rescue cabin and a powered bilge.
  • the square sleeve, the sealed transmission shaft square sleeve communicates with the bilge, the transmission shaft is arranged in the square sleeve of the sealed transmission shaft, and the ice breaking device is arranged at the upper end of the rescue cabin, and the ice breaking device includes a cutter head rotating around the central axis of the rescue cabin, A number of hob assemblies are arranged on the upper surface of the cutter head, and a transmission device is arranged in the bilge, one end of the transmission shaft is fixedly connected to the cutter head, and the other end of the transmission shaft is fixedly connected to the transmission device, and the transmission device drives the cutter head through the transmission shaft Rotate, the cutter head rotates to drive the hob assembly to cut the ice surface.
  • a number of comb-shaped scrapers are arranged on the upper surface of the cutter head, and the scrapers extend outward from the central axis of the rescue chamber, and the plane where the scrapers are located is higher than the upper surface of the cutter head.
  • high-pressure water jet nozzles are arranged on the upper surface of the cutter head, and the high-pressure water jet nozzles are used to spray high-pressure water.
  • the hob assembly includes a hob base fixedly connected to the cutter head, a hob shaft arranged in the hob base, and a hob fixedly connected to the hob shaft, the hob shaft rotates relative to the hob base, And the rotating shaft of the hob shaft forms an acute angle with the central axis of the rescue cabin.
  • the slewing bearing cabin is arranged between the ice-breaking device and the rescue cabin, a slewing bearing is arranged in the slewing bearing cabin, and the slewing bearing is connected to the bulkhead of the ice-breaking device and the slewing bearing cabin, and the ice-breaking device is opposite to the slewing bearing.
  • the cabin rotates, and the slewing bearing cabin communicates with the outside and is isolated from the rescue cabin.
  • a transmission device is provided in the bilge, and the transmission device is connected to the cutter head through a transmission shaft.
  • the transmission device includes a two-stage planetary reducer and a motor.
  • the output end of the motor is connected to the input end of the two-stage planetary reducer.
  • the output end of the planetary reducer is connected to one end of the transmission shaft, and the other end of the transmission shaft passes through the rescue cabin and the slewing bearing cabin and is fixedly connected to the cutter head, and the motor drives the cutter head to rotate.
  • ballast device is also provided in the bilge.
  • the ballast device includes a ballast tank for water storage and a ballast plunger pump connected to the ballast tank.
  • the drive shaft is hollow inside, and the drive shaft is close to two ends A plurality of water inlet holes and a plurality of water outlet holes are arranged, the water inlet holes are connected with the output end of the ballast plunger pump, and the water outlet holes are connected with the high-pressure water jet nozzle.
  • a propulsion device is also provided in the bilge, and the propulsion device includes a propulsion plunger pump, a propulsion supercharger connected to the output end of the propulsion plunger pump, a propeller connected to the output end of the propulsion supercharger, and a water suction pipe, One end of the suction pipe passes through the rescue cabin and communicates with the slewing bearing cabin, and the other end is connected with the input end of the propulsion plunger pump. outside.
  • an anti-torque device is also provided in the bilge, and the anti-torque device includes an anti-torque plunger pump, an anti-torque supercharger, and an anti-torque thruster, and the input end of the anti-torque supercharger is connected to the anti-torque plunger pump. The output end is connected, and the output end of the anti-torque supercharger is connected with the anti-torque propeller.
  • the anti-torque propeller is arranged on the outside of the bilge, and the angle between the center line of the anti-torque propeller and the horizontal plane is 45°, and the central axis of the rescue cabin The included angle is 30°.
  • the rescue cabin includes two layers of rescue cabins, the central axes of the two layers of rescue cabins coincide, and the rescue cabin includes a cabin, a seat, an operating console, and a hatch, and the hatch is arranged on the side of the cabin.
  • the present invention has the remarkable advantage that an ice-breaking device is installed on the upper end of the rescue cabin, so that the lifeboat has the capability of breaking ice independently, can break through the ice layer in time and emerge from the water surface, and saves the cost of external mobilization of special delivery equipment and ice-breaking equipment.
  • Work and time grasp the opportunity of rescue in time, and ensure the safety of the wrecked crew.
  • the power-providing bilge is arranged at the lower end of the rescue cabin, and the center of gravity of the overall structure is smaller than the center of buoyancy.
  • the lifeboat remains vertical in the water, and the rising speed is fast and the rescue efficiency is high.
  • the lifeboat is arranged inside the submarine, and when an accident occurs in the submarine, the wrecked crew members take the lifeboat to escape in time to ensure the safety of the wrecked crew members.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the lifeboat of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is B-B sectional schematic diagram among Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is the frame structure diagram of the hull of the lifeboat of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is the top view of ice crushing device among the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is an exploded schematic view of the ice crushing device in the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is an exploded schematic view of the hob assembly in the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a slewing bearing in the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is an exploded schematic view of the slewing bearing in the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotary seal shaft assembly in the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is an exploded schematic view of the rotary seal shaft assembly in the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a structural schematic diagram of the rescue chamber in the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 is an exploded schematic view of the rescue chamber in the present invention.
  • Fig. 13 is a sectional view of the bottom tank of the present invention.
  • Fig. 14 is an exploded schematic view of the bottom tank of the present invention.
  • a self-icebreaking polar waters deep-diving lifeboat in this embodiment includes a hull frame 1, an ice breaking device 2, a slewing bearing cabin 1-1, a rescue cabin 5, and a hold 6 , Base 7.
  • the ice crushing device 2 is installed on the top of the hull frame 1 for cutting ice, the lower end of the ice crushing device 2 is installed with a slewing bearing compartment 1-1, and a slewing bearing 3 is arranged in the slewing bearing compartment 1-1, and the slewing bearing 3 carries the ice crushing device 2 weight and the axial force generated during work.
  • the lower end of the rescue cabin 5 is equipped with a bilge 6, and the bottom of the bilge 6 is welded with a base 7 for vertical parking in the submarine.
  • a square sleeve 1-7 for sealing the transmission shaft is arranged in the middle of the rescue cabin 5, and the square sleeve 1-7 for the sealing transmission shaft runs through the two rescue cabins 5 to connect the slewing bearing cabin 1-1 and the bilge 6, and the square sleeve 1-7 for sealing the transmission shaft 7 is provided with a rotary seal shaft assembly 4 .
  • a transmission device 8, a ballast device 9, a propulsion device 10 and an anti-torque device 11 are arranged in the bilge 6, and the transmission device 8 provides power for the ice crushing device 2; submerged speed.
  • the propulsion device 10 generates upward thrust to lift the lifeboat; the anti-torque device 11 counteracts the torque generated by the ice crushing device 2 when it is working.
  • the hull frame 1 includes a bulkhead support ring 1-4, a cabin deck 1-5, a bilge deck 1-6, a square sleeve 1-7 for a sealed drive shaft, a sleeve rib 1-8, Bilge brackets 1-9.
  • Bulkhead support rings 1-4 are set between the slewing bearing cabin 1-1, rescue cabin 5, and bilge 6, and the cabin decks 1-5 are respectively embedded in the bulkhead support rings 1-4 and fixed by welding to isolate each cabin .
  • Sealed transmission shaft square sleeve 1-7 is fixedly installed in the central position of cabin deck 1-5 by bolt and sleeve rib 1-8, and runs through all cabin decks 1-5, is used to support each cabin.
  • the bilge deck 1-6 is installed on the bilge support 1-9 by bolts, and is used to install other devices in the bilge 6.
  • the ice crushing device 2 includes a cutter head 2-1, a cutter head center 2-2, a hob assembly 2-3, a high-pressure water jet nozzle 2-4, a nozzle interface 2-5, and a cutter head Base plate 2-6, scraper 2-7, suspension ring 2-8.
  • the cutter head 2-1 includes several cutter head units, the cutter head units are positioned and installed in the groove of the cutter head center 2-2 through the bosses, and are fixedly connected with bolts. In this embodiment, six cutter head units are set, and the six cutter heads The disk units are fan-shaped and evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the cutterhead center 2-2, so that six cutterhead units and the cutterhead center 2-2 form a complete curved cutterhead body.
  • hob assemblies 2-3 and several high-pressure water jet nozzles 2-4 are arranged on the cutterhead 2-1.
  • the high-pressure water jet nozzle 2-4 is provided with a nozzle interface 2-5 at the bottom of the high-pressure water jet nozzle 2-4, and the high-pressure water jet nozzle 2-4 provides a high-pressure water jet to improve the ice crushing effect.
  • a number of comb-toothed scrapers 2-7 are arranged on the upper surface of the cutter head 2-1, and the scraper 2-7 is welded on one side of the cutter head unit, and is in contact with the side of another cutter head unit, and the scraper 2-7 is located
  • the plane is higher than the side of another cutter head unit, and there is a gap between the scraper 2-7 and the side of the other cutter head unit in contact, and the comb-shaped scraping teeth on the scraper 2-7 can follow the cutter head 2-7.
  • 1 Rotate to collect crushed ice.
  • the crushed ice enters the interior of the cutter head through the gap between the scraper 2-7 and the side of the other contacting cutter head unit, and removes the crushed ice cut by the hob assembly, which helps to improve the hob assembly.
  • the ice crushing efficiency is high, the bottom of the cutter head 2-1 is hollow and connected to the slewing bearing compartment 1-1, the crushed ice and seawater enter the slewing bearing compartment 1-1, and the bottom of the cutter head 2-1 is between the side wall of the slewing bearing compartment 1-1 There is a gap, so that the slewing bearing cabin 1-1 communicates with the outside, and crushed ice and a part of seawater are discharged from the side gap.
  • the cutterhead bottom plate 2-6 is connected to the cutterhead center 2-2 and the slewing bearing 3 by bolts, and the suspension ring 2-8 is installed on the cutterhead center 2-2 by threads, which is convenient for hoisting of the lifeboat.
  • the hob assembly 2-3 includes a hob 2-3-1, a hob shaft 2-3-2, a hob base 2-3-3, a shaft sleeve 2-3-4, and an end cover 2 -3-5, bearing 2-3-6, hob baffle 2-3-7, flat key 2-3-8, shaft end screw.
  • the hob base 2-3-3 is welded on the cutter head 2-1
  • the hob base 2-3-3 is circular
  • the hob shaft 2-3-2 is installed inside the hob base 2-3-3
  • the end The cover 2-3-5 fixes the bottom and top of the hob base 2-3-3 through bolts
  • the bearing 2-3-6, hob shaft 2-3-2, and shaft sleeve are installed in sequence between the end covers 2-3-5 2-3-4, bearing 2-3-6, the hob shaft 2-3-2 rotates relative to the hob base 2-3-3.
  • the hob 2-3-1 is connected to the hob shaft through the flat key 2-3-8
  • the keyway of 2-3-2, the hob 2-3-1 is circumferentially fixed relative to the hob shaft 2-3-2.
  • the baffle plate 2-3-7 is embedded in the hob 2-3-1, and fixed on the upper end of the hob shaft 2-3-2 by the shaft end screw, and the hob 2-3-1 is opposite to the hob shaft 2-3-2 Axially fixed to prevent the hob 2-3-1 from moving axially relative to the hob shaft.
  • the angle between the axis line of the hob shaft 2-3-2 and the inner normal of the horizontal plane passing through the point where the hob 2-3-1 is located is 15°, that is, the rotation axis of the hob shaft 2-3-2 and the center of the rescue chamber
  • the included axis angle is 15°.
  • the inclined hob cuts the ice layer with the rotation of the cutter head, and the hob itself can rotate around the hob axis, reducing the working load and prolonging the service life.
  • the slewing bearing 3 includes a cutter head support 3-1, a bearing top ring 3-2, a bearing inner ring 3-3, a bearing outer ring 3-4, a bearing bottom plate 3-5, and a roller 3 -6.
  • the bearing inner ring 3-3 and the bearing outer ring 3-4 have roller grooves, and the rollers 3-6 in the groove are evenly distributed, the bearing bottom plate 3-5 has roller grooves, and the rollers 3-6 are evenly distributed inside, and the bearing top ring 3-2 is embedded in the bearing inner ring 3-3 and the bearing outer ring 3-4, and can rotate around the axis.
  • the top of the cutter head support 3-1 is fixedly connected with the cutter head bottom plate 2-6, and is used to support the ice crushing device 2, and the lower end support foot of the cutter head support 3-1 is fixed on the bearing top ring 3-2 with bolts.
  • the two symmetrical grooves on the 3-4 sides of the outer ring of the bearing are used for positioning and installation on the bulkhead of the slewing bearing cabin.
  • the rotary seal shaft assembly 4 includes a transmission shaft 4-1, a bearing sleeve 4-2, a bearing 4-3, an output distribution plate 4-4, an input distribution plate 4-5, and a water jet interface 4 -6, flat key 4-7, involute spline 4-8, rotary sealing groove 4-9, water pipe 4-10, water pipe fixed support 4-11, net cover 4-12.
  • the top end of the drive shaft 4-1 is provided with a flat keyway, and the bottom end is provided with an involute spline 4-8.
  • the drive shaft 4-1 passes through the rescue chamber 5 and the slewing bearing chamber 1-1 through the sealed drive shaft square sleeve 1-7.
  • the shaft 4-1 is hollow inside, and the transmission shaft 4-1 is provided with a rotating seal groove 4-9 at a certain distance from both ends. There are holes in the rotating seal groove 4-9 communicating with the internal space for delivering high-pressure water flow, close to the transmission shaft 4-1
  • the opening of the rotary sealing groove 4-9 at the top is the outlet hole, and the opening of the rotary sealing groove 4-9 near the bottom is the water inlet hole; the output distribution plate 4-9 is installed on the rotary sealing groove 4-9 at the top 4.
  • An input distribution plate 4-5 is installed on the rotary sealing groove 4-9 at the bottom, and a water jet interface 4-6 is installed on the output distribution plate 4-4 and the input distribution plate 4-5 for water pipe connection.
  • the output distribution plate 4-4 is fixed on the cutterhead bottom plate 2-6 through bolts, and is connected to the high-pressure water jet nozzle 2-4 through a water pipe to provide high-pressure water flow for the high-pressure water jet nozzle 2-4 to improve the ice crushing effect.
  • the input distribution plate 4-5 is fixedly connected to the two-stage planetary reducer 8-1, and is connected to the water outlet of the ballast plunger pump 9-2 through a water pipe.
  • the top of the drive shaft 4-1 is installed on the center of the cutter head 2-2 through the flat key 4-7 embedded in the flat key groove; the input distribution plate 4-5 at the bottom of the drive shaft 4-1 is connected with the bearing sleeve 4-2 by bolts Fixedly connected, the bearing sleeve 4-2 is fixed on the cabin deck 1-5 at the bottom by bolts, and the bearing 4-3 is packed in the bearing sleeve 4-2 for fixing the drive shaft 4-1.
  • the four corners in the sealed transmission shaft square sleeve 1-7 are fixedly installed with the water pipe 4-10 through the water pipe fixing support 4-11, and the water suction pipe 4-10 runs through the rescue cabin 5 and through the sealed transmission shaft square sleeve 1-7.
  • the slewing bearing cabin 1-1, one end of the suction pipe 4-10 communicates with the slewing bearing cabin 1-1, and the other end is connected with the input end of the thrust plunger pump 10-1, and the top of the suction pipe 4-10 is equipped with a net cover 4-12 to prevent Inhalation of crushed ice damages internal devices.
  • the rescue cabin 5 includes a cabin 5-1, a seat 5-2, an operating console 5-3, and a cabin door 5-4.
  • six seats 5-2 are arranged in a circle and distributed circumferentially on the outside of the square sleeve 1-7 that seals the transmission shaft, and are fixed in the cabin 5-1 by bolts.
  • the hatch 5-4 is installed on the side wall of the cabin by bolts, and the operating table 5-3 is installed in the cabin 5-1 facing the hatch 5-4.
  • a transmission device 8 As shown in Fig. 13 and Fig. 14, a transmission device 8, a ballast device 9, a propulsion device 10, an anti-torque device 11, a bilge deck 1-6, and a bilge support 1-9 are arranged in the bilge 6.
  • the bilge deck 1-6 is fixed on the bilge support 1-9 by bolts.
  • the transmission device 8 includes a two-stage planetary reducer 8-1, a rectangular spline 8-2, a sleeve 8-3, a motor 8-4, and a battery 8-5.
  • the end cover of the two-stage planetary reducer 8-1 is fixedly connected with the input distribution plate 4-5, and the input end of the two-stage planetary reducer 8-1 is engaged with the output shaft of the motor 8-4 by a rectangular spline 8-2 for transmission.
  • the casing of the motor 8-4 is connected with the casing of the secondary planetary reducer 8-1 through bolts and sleeves 8-3.
  • the output shaft of the two-stage planetary reducer 8-1 is connected with the involute spline 4-8 at the bottom of the transmission shaft 4-1 to transmit power for the transmission shaft 4-1, and the motor 8-4 works to drive the two-stage planetary reducer 8- 1 works, thereby driving the transmission shaft 4-1 to rotate.
  • Motor 8-4 is placed on hold 6 bottoms.
  • Batteries 8-5 are mounted on the bilge decks 1-6 to provide energy for the bilge internals.
  • the ballast device 9 comprises a ballast tank 9-1, a ballast plunger pump 9-2, a ballast plunger pump flange 9-3, and the ballast tank 9-1 is fixed on the bottom bulkhead 1-3.
  • the loading plunger pump 9-2 is installed on the bilge deck 1-6, the water outlet of the ballast tank 9-1 is connected to the input end of the ballast plunger pump 9-2 through a water pipe, and the ballast plunger pump 9-2 outputs The end is connected to the input distribution plate 4-5 through a water pipe, and the flange plate 9-3 of the ballast plunger pump is used for the connection between the output end of the ballast plunger pump 9-2 and the high-pressure water pipe, and the flange plate of the ballast plunger pump 9-3 is installed at the position below the bilge deck 1-6 corresponding to the output end of the ballast plunger pump 9-2.
  • the propulsion device 10 includes a propulsion plunger pump 10-1, a propulsion supercharger 10-2, a propeller 10-3, and a propulsion plunger pump flange 10-5.
  • the propulsion plunger pump 10-1 is installed on the bilge deck 1-6 through bolts, the input end of the propulsion plunger pump 10-1 is connected to the tail of the suction pipe 10-4 through the water pipe, and the slewing bearing compartment 1-4 is extracted through the suction pipe 10-4. 1, the output end of the thrust plunger pump 10-1 is connected to the thrust booster 10-2, and is docked through the thrust plunger pump flange 10-5.
  • the propulsion supercharger 10-2 is installed on the bulkhead of the bilge 6, and the propulsion supercharger 10-2 improves the hydraulic pressure of the seawater provided by the propulsion plunger pump 10-1 and sends it to the propeller 10-3 to generate strong thrust.
  • Propeller 10-3 central axis and bilge centerline angle are 30 °, and propeller 10-3 is installed on the outside of bilge wall 1-3.
  • the anti-torque device 11 includes an anti-torque plunger pump 11-1, an anti-torque propeller 11-2, an anti-torque supercharger 11-3, and an anti-torque plunger pump flange 11-4.
  • the anti-torque plunger pump 11-1 is mounted on the bilge deck 1-6 by bolts.
  • the anti-torque plunger pump flange 11-4 is installed on the position below the anti-torque plunger pump 11-1 corresponding to the bilge deck 1-6 through bolts.
  • the input end of the anti-torque plunger pump 11-1 is connected to the tail of the suction pipe 10-4 through a water pipe, and the anti-torque plunger pump 11-1 pumps water to the anti-torque supercharger 11-3.
  • the anti-torque supercharger 11-3 is installed in the bottom bulkhead 1-3 by bolts.
  • the anti-torque supercharger 11-3 delivers the high-pressure water flow to the anti-torque propeller 11-2, and the anti-torque propeller 11-2 provides thrust to counteract the torque generated when the ice crushing device 2 is working.
  • the anti-torque thruster 11-2 includes an angle of 45° between the centerline and the horizontal plane, and an angle of 30° between the centerline of the bilge and is installed on the outside of the bilge wall 1-3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种自破冰的极地水域深潜救生艇，包括救生舱和提供动力的底舱，还包括贯穿救生舱且与底舱连通的密封传动轴方形套筒，密封传动轴方形套筒内设置传动轴，救生舱上端设置破冰装置，破冰装置包括绕救生舱中心轴旋转的刀盘、设置于刀盘上表面的若干滚刀组件，底舱内设置传动装置,传动轴两端分别连接刀盘和传动装置，传动装置驱动刀盘转动，从而带动滚刀组件切割冰面。在救生舱上端设置破冰装置，使救生艇具备自主破冰能力，能够及时破开冰层浮出水面，节省外部调动破冰设备的时间，及时把握救援时机，保障失事艇员的生命安全。且提供动力的底舱设置于救生舱下端，整体结构重心小于浮心，救生艇保持在水中竖直，上升速度快、救援效率高。

Description

一种自破冰的极地水域深潜救生艇 技术领域
本发明涉及救生艇，具体是涉及一种自破冰的极地水域深潜救生艇。
背景技术
极地环境复杂多变，冰区水域潜艇探测器事故频频发生。潜艇发生安全事故时，在没有专门的救援设备的情况下，难以及时抢救，容易造成人员伤亡。
潜艇在水下活动的环境通常可分为三个区域，即浅水区、亚深水区以及深水区。浅水区的水深不超过200m，若潜艇在此区失事沉没的话，艇内艇员尚可在没有外援的情况下自主逃生。亚深水区是从200m水深至潜艇的极限下潜深度之间，目前世界上绝大多数的潜艇极限下潜深度都小于800m，在这一深度范围内对失事沉没的潜艇实施外援救生是可行的。若潜艇在超过800m的深水区失事沉没的话，潜艇耐压体可能在很短的时间即被海水压力破坏，艇上人员将生还无望。
因此，加强援潜救生手段与技术的研究是十分必要的。对于潜艇水下救援问题，如潜艇沉没在浅水海区或亚深水海区，可采取艇员自主逃生方式或利用救生潜艇和救生钟进行救援。但是，如果潜艇沉没在超过600m深度的海底，则很难开展外部救援。尤其是在极地地区，由于冰区的阻碍，更是增加了外部救援的难度。
发明内容
发明目的：针对以上缺点，本发明提供一种潜艇自带的、具备自破冰能力的极地水域深潜救生艇。
技术方案：为解决上述问题，本发明采用一种自破冰的极地水域深潜救生艇，包括救生舱和提供动力的底舱，底舱设置于救生舱底端，还包括贯穿救生舱的密封传动轴方形套筒，密封传动轴方形套筒与底舱连通，密封传动轴方形套筒内设置传动轴，所述救生舱上端设置破冰装置，所述破冰装置包括绕救生舱中心轴旋转的刀盘、设置于刀盘上表面的若干滚刀组件，所述底舱内设置传动装置,所述传动轴一端与刀盘固定连接，传动轴另一端与传动装置固定连接，传动装置通过传动轴驱动刀盘转动，所述刀盘转动带动滚刀组件切割冰面。
进一步的，所述刀盘上表面设置若干梳齿型刮板，所述刮板由救生舱中心轴向外延伸，且刮板所在平面高于刀盘上表面。
进一步的，所述刀盘上表面设置若干高压水射流喷嘴，高压水射流喷嘴用于喷射高压水。
进一步的，滚刀组件包括固定连接于刀盘上的滚刀底座、设置于滚刀底座内 的滚刀轴、与滚刀轴固定连接的滚刀，所述滚刀轴相对滚刀底座转动，且滚刀轴的转轴与救生舱中心轴成锐角。
进一步的，还包括回转轴承舱，回转轴承舱设置于破冰装置与救生舱之间，所述回转轴承舱内设置回转轴承，回转轴承连接破冰装置与回转轴承舱的舱壁，破冰装置相对回转轴承舱转动，回转轴承舱与外部连通，且与救生舱隔绝。
进一步的，所述底舱内设置传动装置，所述传动装置通过传动轴与刀盘连接，传动装置包括二级行星减速器、电机，电机输出端与二级行星减速器输入端连接，二级行星减速器输出端与传动轴一端连接，传动轴穿过救生舱和回转轴承舱另一端与刀盘固定连接，电机驱动刀盘转动。
进一步的，所述底舱内还设置压载装置，压载装置包括储水的压载罐、与压载罐连接的压载柱塞泵，所述传动轴内部中空，传动轴靠近两端分别设置若干进水孔和若干出水孔，进水孔与压载柱塞泵的输出端连接，出水孔与高压水射流喷嘴连接。
进一步的，所述底舱内还设置推进装置，推进装置包括推进柱塞泵、与推进柱塞泵输出端连接的推进增压器、与推进增压器输出端连接的推进器、抽水管，所述抽水管穿过救生舱一端与回转轴承舱连通，另一端与推进柱塞泵输入端连接，所述抽水管位于回转轴承舱内的端部设置网罩，所述推进器设置于底舱外侧。
进一步的，所述底舱内还设置反扭矩装置，反扭矩装置包括反扭矩柱塞泵、反扭矩增压器、反扭矩推进器，所述反扭矩增压器输入端与反扭矩柱塞泵输出端连接，反扭矩增压器输出端与反扭矩推进器连接，所述反扭矩推进器设置于底舱外侧，且反扭矩推进器中心线与水平面夹角为45°，与救生舱中心轴夹角为30°。
进一步的，包括两层救生舱，两层救生舱的中心轴重合，所述救生舱包括舱室、座椅、操作台、舱门，舱门设置于舱室侧面。
有益效果：本发明相对于现有技术，其显著优点是在救生舱上端设置破冰装置，使救生艇具备自主破冰能力，能够及时破开冰层浮出水面，节省外部调动专门投放设备和破冰设备的工作和时间，及时把握救援时机，保障失事艇员的生命安全。同时，提供动力的底舱设置于救生舱下端，整体结构重心小于浮心，救生艇保持在水中竖直，上升速度快救援效率高。该救生艇设置于潜艇内部，在潜艇发生事故时，失事艇员及时乘坐救生艇逃生，保障失事艇员的生命安全。
附图说明
图1为本发明救生艇的整体结构示意图；
图2为图1中B-B剖面示意图；
图3为本发明救生艇的艇身框架结构图；
图4为本发明中碎冰装置的俯视图；
图5为本发明中碎冰装置的分解示意图；
图6为本发明中滚刀组件的分解示意图；
图7为本发明中回转轴承的结构示意图；
图8为本发明中回转轴承的分解示意图；
图9为本发明中旋转密封轴组件结构示意图；
图10为本发明中旋转密封轴组件的分解示意图；
图11为本发明中救生舱结构示意图；
图12为本发明中救生舱分解示意图；
图13为本发明中底舱剖视图；
图14为本发明中底舱分解示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1至图2所示，本实施例中的一种自破冰的极地水域深潜救生艇，包括艇身框架1、碎冰装置2、回转轴承舱1-1、救生舱5、底舱6、底座7。碎冰装置2安装在艇身框架1顶部用于切削冰层，碎冰装置2下端安装有回转轴承舱1-1，回转轴承舱1-1内设置回转轴承3，回转轴承3承载碎冰装置2的重量以及工作时产生的轴向力。海水经过碎冰装置2流入回转轴承舱1-1，回转轴承舱1-1下端依次安装有两个救生舱5，用于载人和操作控制所述发明内的装置。救生舱5下端安装底舱6，底舱6的底部焊接有底座7，用于竖直停放在潜艇内部。救生舱5中间设置密封传动轴方形套筒1-7，密封传动轴方形套筒1-7贯穿两个救生舱5连通回转轴承舱1-1和底舱6，密封传动轴方形套筒1-7内设置旋转密封轴组件4。底舱6内设置传动装置8、压载装置9、推进装置10和反扭矩装置11，传动装置8为碎冰装置2提供动力；压载装置9通过排水和抽水控制救生艇在海水中上升和下潜速度。推进装置10产生向上推力使救生艇上升；反扭矩装置11抵消碎冰装置2工作时产生的转矩。
如图3所示，艇身框架1包括舱壁支撑圈1-4、舱室甲板1-5、底舱甲板1-6、密封传动轴方形套筒1-7、套筒筋板1-8、底舱支架1-9。回转轴承舱1-1、救生舱5、底舱6之间设置舱壁支撑圈1-4，舱室甲板1-5分别嵌入舱壁支撑圈1-4内，通过焊接固定，用于隔离各个舱室。密封传动轴方形套筒1-7通过螺栓和套筒筋板1-8固定安装在舱室甲板1-5中心位置，且贯穿所有舱室甲板1-5，用于 支撑各个舱室。底舱甲板1-6通过螺栓安装在底舱支架1-9上，用于安装底舱6内的其他装置。
如图4和图5所示，碎冰装置2包括刀盘2-1、刀盘中心2-2、滚刀组件2-3、高压水射流喷嘴2-4、喷嘴接口2-5、刀盘底板2-6、刮板2-7、吊环2-8。刀盘2-1包括若干刀盘单元，刀盘单元通过凸台定位安装于刀盘中心2-2槽内，用螺栓固定连接，在本实施例中，设置六个刀盘单元，六个刀盘单元为扇形，均匀分布与刀盘中2-2的外周，使得六个刀盘单元和刀盘中心2-2组成一个完整的曲面刀盘体。刀盘2-1上设置若干滚刀组件2-3及若干高压水射流喷嘴2-4，在本实施例中，每个刀盘单元上分别安装有四个滚刀组件2-3和四个高压水射流喷嘴2-4，高压水射流喷嘴2-4底部设置喷嘴接口2-5，高压水射流喷嘴2-4提供高压水射流，提升碎冰效果。刀盘2-1上表面设置若干梳齿型刮板2-7，刮板2-7焊接在刀盘单元一个侧面，并与另一个刀盘单元的侧面相接触，且刮板2-7所在平面高于另一个刀盘单元的侧面，刮板2-7与另一个相接触的刀盘单元侧面之间存在间隙，刮板2-7上的梳齿型刮齿可随着刀盘2-1旋转收集碎冰，碎冰通过刮板2-7与另一个相接触的刀盘单元侧面之间的间隙进入刀盘内部，将滚刀组件切割的碎冰清除，有助于提高滚刀组件的碎冰效率，刀盘2-1底部中空与回转轴承舱1-1连通，碎冰和海水进入回转轴承舱1-1，刀盘2-1底部与回转轴承舱1-1侧壁之间存在间隙，使回转轴承舱1-1与外部连通，碎冰和一部分海水从侧隙排除。刀盘底板2-6通过螺栓连接刀盘中心2-2和回转轴承3，吊环2-8通过螺纹安装于刀盘中心2-2上，便于救生艇的吊装。
如图6所示，滚刀组件2-3包括滚刀2-3-1、滚刀轴2-3-2、滚刀底座2-3-3、轴套2-3-4、端盖2-3-5、轴承2-3-6、滚刀挡板2-3-7、平键2-3-8、轴端螺钉。滚刀底座2-3-3焊接在刀盘2-1，滚刀底座2-3-3为圆环形，滚刀轴2-3-2安装于滚刀底座2-3-3内部，端盖2-3-5通过螺栓固定滚刀底座2-3-3底部和顶部，端盖2-3-5之间依次安装轴承2-3-6、滚刀轴2-3-2、轴套2-3-4、轴承2-3-6，滚刀轴2-3-2相对滚刀底座2-3-3旋转。滚刀轴2-3-2的端面有两个螺孔，滚刀轴2-3-2端部侧面设置键槽，滚刀2-3-1通过平键2-3-8连接在滚刀轴2-3-2的键槽，滚刀2-3-1相对滚刀轴2-3-2周向固定。挡板2-3-7嵌在滚刀2-3-1中，通过轴端螺钉固定在滚刀轴2-3-2上端，滚刀2-3-1相对滚刀轴2-3-2轴向 固定，防止滚刀2-3-1相对滚刀轴在轴向上窜动。滚刀轴2-3-2的轴心线与经过滚刀2-3-1所在点的水平面的内法线夹角为15°，即滚刀轴2-3-2的转轴与救生舱中心轴夹角为15°。倾斜的滚刀随着刀盘的旋转做切削冰层的运动，滚刀自身可以绕滚刀轴旋转，减少工作载荷延长使用寿命。
如图7和图8所示，回转轴承3包括刀盘支架3-1、轴承顶圈3-2、轴承内圈3-3、轴承外圈3-4、轴承底板3-5、滚子3-6、螺栓。轴承内圈3-3和轴承外圈3-4有滚子槽，槽内滚子3-6均匀分布，轴承底板3-5有滚子槽，内部均匀分布滚子3-6，轴承顶圈3-2嵌在轴承内圈3-3和轴承外圈3-4中，可绕轴心线转动。刀盘支架3-1上方与刀盘底板2-6固定连接，用于支撑碎冰装置2，刀盘支架3-1下端支脚用螺栓固定在轴承顶圈3-2上。轴承外圈3-4侧两对称的槽用于定位安装在回转轴承舱舱壁上。
如图9和图10所示，旋转密封轴组件4包括传动轴4-1、轴承套4-2、轴承4-3、输出配流盘4-4、输入配流盘4-5、水射流接口4-6、平键4-7、渐开线花键4-8、旋转密封槽4-9、抽水管4-10、水管固定支座4-11、网罩4-12。传动轴4-1顶端设置平键槽,底端设置渐开线花键4-8，传动轴4-1通过密封传动轴方形套筒1-7贯穿救生舱5和回转轴承舱1-1，传动轴4-1内部中空，传动轴4-1距离两端面一定距离均设置旋转密封槽4-9，旋转密封槽4-9内均有孔与内部空间相通，用于输送高压水流，靠近传动轴4-1顶端的旋转密封槽4-9的开孔为出水孔，靠近底端的旋转密封槽4-9的开孔为进水孔；顶端的旋转密封槽4-9上安装输出配流盘4-4，底端的旋转密封槽4-9上安装输入配流盘4-5，输出配流盘4-4和输入配流盘4-5均安装有水射流接口4-6，用于水管连接。输出配流盘4-4通过螺栓固定在刀盘底板2-6上，且通过水管连接高压水射流喷嘴2-4,为高压水射流喷嘴2-4提供高压水流，提升碎冰效果。输入配流盘4-5与二级行星减速器8-1固定连接，且通过水管连接压载柱塞泵9-2出水口。
传动轴4-1顶端通过在平键槽内嵌上平键4-7，装在刀盘中心2-2上；传动轴4-1底端的输入配流盘4-5通过螺栓与轴承套4-2固定连接，轴承套4-2通过螺栓固定在底部的舱室甲板1-5上，轴承4-3装入轴承套4-2内，用于固定传动轴4-1。
密封传动轴方形套筒1-7内的四个角落通过水管固定支座4-11固定安装抽 水管4-10，抽水管4-10通过密封传动轴方形套筒1-7贯穿救生舱5和回转轴承舱1-1，抽水管4-10一端与回转轴承舱1-1连通，另一端与推进柱塞泵10-1输入端连接，抽水管4-10顶端安装网罩4-12，防止碎冰吸入损害内部装置。
如图11和图12所示，救生舱5包括舱室5-1、座椅5-2、操作台5-3、舱门5-4。在本实施例中，六把座椅5-2呈圆形排列周向分布于密封传动轴方形套筒1-7外侧，且通过螺栓固定在舱室5-1内。舱门5-4通过螺栓安装在舱室侧壁，操作台5-3正对舱门5-4安装在舱室5-1内。
如图13和图14所示，底舱6内设置传动装置8、压载装置9、推进装置10、反扭矩装置11、底舱甲板1-6、底舱支架1-9。底舱甲板1-6通过螺栓固定在底舱支架1-9上。传动装置8包括二级行星减速器8-1、矩形花键8-2、套筒8-3、电机8-4、电池8-5。二级行星减速器8-1端盖与输入配流盘4-5固定连接，二级行星减速器8-1输入端用矩形花键8-2与电机8-4输出轴啮合传动。电机8-4外壳通过螺栓、套筒8-3与二级行星减速器8-1外壳连接。二级行星减速器8-1输出轴与传动轴4-1底端的渐开线花键4-8连接，为传动轴4-1传递动力，电机8-4工作驱动二级行星减速器8-1工作，从而带动传动轴4-1转动。电机8-4安放在底舱6底部。电池8-5安装在底舱甲板1-6上，为底舱内部装置提供能量。
压载装置9包括压载罐9-1、压载柱塞泵9-2、压载柱塞泵法兰盘9-3，压载罐9-1固定在底舱壁1-3上，压载柱塞泵9-2安装在底舱甲板1-6上，压载罐9-1出水口通过水管与压载柱塞泵9-2的输入端连接，压载柱塞泵9-2输出端通过水管与输入配流盘4-5连接，且压载柱塞泵法兰盘9-3用于压载柱塞泵9-2输出端与高压水管的对接，压载柱塞泵法兰盘9-3安装在压载柱塞泵9-2输出端对应底舱甲板1-6下方位置。
推进装置10包括推进柱塞泵10-1、推进增压器10-2、推进器10-3、推进柱塞泵法兰盘10-5。推进柱塞泵10-1通过螺栓安装在底舱甲板1-6上，推进柱塞泵10-1输入端通过水管连接抽水管10-4尾部，通过抽水管10-4抽取回转轴承舱1-1内的海水，推进柱塞泵10-1输出端连接推进增压器10-2，并通过推进柱塞泵法兰盘10-5对接。推进增压器10-2安装在底舱6舱壁上，推进增压器10-2提高推进柱塞泵10-1提供的海水的水压并输送到推进器10-3产生强大的推力。推进器10-3中心轴线与底舱中心线夹角为30°，推进器10-3安装在底 舱壁1-3外侧。
反扭矩装置11包括反扭矩柱塞泵11-1、反扭矩推进器11-2、反扭矩增压器11-3、反扭矩柱塞泵法兰盘11-4。反扭矩柱塞泵11-1通过螺栓安装在底舱甲板1-6上。反扭矩柱塞泵法兰盘11-4通过螺栓安装在反扭矩柱塞泵11-1对应底舱甲板1-6下方位置。反扭矩柱塞泵11-1输入端通过水管连接抽水管10-4尾部，反扭矩柱塞泵11-1抽水输送至反扭矩增压器11-3。反扭矩增压器11-3通过螺栓安装在底舱壁1-3内。反扭矩增压器11-3将高压水流输送至反扭矩推进器11-2，反扭矩推进器11-2提供推力抵消碎冰装置2工作时产生的转矩。反扭矩推进器11-2中心线与水平面夹角为45°，同时与底舱中心线夹角为30°，并安装在在底舱壁1-3外侧。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种自破冰的极地水域深潜救生艇，包括救生舱(5)和提供动力的底舱(6)，底舱(6)设置于救生舱(5)底端，其特征在于，还包括贯穿救生舱(5)的密封传动轴方形套筒(1-7)，密封传动轴方形套筒(1-7)与底舱(6)连通，密封传动轴方形套筒(1-7)内设置传动轴(4-1)，所述救生舱(5)上端设置破冰装置(2)，所述破冰装置(2)包括绕救生舱中心轴旋转的刀盘(2-1)、设置于刀盘(2-1)上表面的若干滚刀组件(2-3)，所述底舱(6)内设置传动装置(8),所述传动轴(4-1)一端与刀盘(2-1)固定连接，传动轴(4-1)另一端与传动装置(8)固定连接，传动装置(8)通过传动轴(4-1)驱动刀盘(2-1)转动，所述刀盘(2-1)转动带动滚刀组件(2-3)切割冰面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的自破冰的极地水域深潜救生艇，其特征在于，所述刀盘(2-1)上表面设置若干梳齿型刮板(2-7)，所述刮板(2-7)由救生舱中心轴向外延伸，且刮板(2-7)所在平面高于刀盘(2-1)上表面。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的自破冰的极地水域深潜救生艇，其特征在于，所述刀盘(2-1)上表面设置若干高压水射流喷嘴(2-4)，高压水射流喷嘴(2-4)用于喷射高压水。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的自破冰的极地水域深潜救生艇，其特征在于，滚刀组件(2-3)包括固定连接于刀盘(2-1)上的滚刀底座(2-3-3)、设置于滚刀底座(2-3-3)内的滚刀轴(2-3-2)、与滚刀轴(2-3-2)固定连接的滚刀(2-3-1)，所述滚刀轴(2-3-2)相对滚刀底座(2-3-3)转动，且滚刀轴(2-3-2)的转轴与救生舱中心轴成锐角。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的自破冰的极地水域深潜救生艇，其特征在于，还包括回转轴承舱(1-1)，回转轴承舱(1-1)设置于破冰装置(2)与救生舱(5)之间，所述回转轴承舱(1-1)内设置回转轴承(3)，回转轴承(3)连接破冰装置(2)与回转轴承舱(1-1)的舱壁，破冰装置(2)相对回转轴承舱(1-1)转动，回转轴承舱(1-1)与外部连通，且与救生舱(5)隔绝。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的自破冰的极地水域深潜救生艇，其特征在于，所述传动装置(8)包括二级行星减速器(8-1)、电机(8-4)，电机(8-4)输出端与二级行星减速器(8-1)输入端连接，二级行星减速器(8-1)输出端与传动轴(4-1)一端连接，传动轴(4-1)穿过救生舱(5)和回转轴承舱(1-1)另一端与刀盘(2-1)固定连接，电机(8-4)驱动刀盘(2-1)转动。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的自破冰的极地水域深潜救生艇，其特征在于，所述底舱(6)内还设置压载装置(9)，压载装置(9)包括储水的压载罐(9-1)、与压载罐(9-1)连接的压载柱塞泵(9-2)，所述传动轴(4-1)内部中空，传动 轴(4-1)靠近两端分别设置若干进水孔和若干出水孔，进水孔与压载柱塞泵(9-2)的输出端连接，出水孔与高压水射流喷嘴(2-4)连接。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的自破冰的极地水域深潜救生艇，其特征在于，所述底舱(6)内还设置推进装置(10)，推进装置(10)包括推进柱塞泵(10-1)、与推进柱塞泵(10-1)输出端连接的推进增压器(10-2)、与推进增压器(10-2)输出端连接的推进器(10-3)、抽水管(4-10)，所述抽水管(4-10)穿过救生舱(5)一端与回转轴承舱(1-1)连通，另一端与推进柱塞泵(10-1)输入端连接，所述抽水管(4-10)位于回转轴承舱(1-1)内的端部设置网罩，所述推进器(10-3)设置于底舱(6)外侧。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的自破冰的极地水域深潜救生艇，其特征在于，所述底舱(6)内还设置反扭矩装置(11)，反扭矩装置(11)包括反扭矩柱塞泵(11-1)、反扭矩增压器(11-3)、反扭矩推进器(11-2)，所述反扭矩增压器(11-3)输入端与反扭矩柱塞泵(11-1)输出端连接，反扭矩增压器(11-3)输出端与反扭矩推进器(11-2)连接，所述反扭矩推进器(11-2)设置于底舱(6)外侧，且反扭矩推进器(11-2)中心线与水平面夹角为45°，与救生舱中心轴夹角为30°。
  10. 根据权利要求1～9任意一项所述的自破冰的极地水域深潜救生艇，其特征在于，包括两层救生舱(5)，两层救生舱(5)的中心轴重合，所述救生舱(5)包括舱室(5-1)、座椅(5-2)、操作台(5-3)、舱门(5-4)，舱门(5-4)设置于舱室(5-1)侧面。
PCT/CN2022/123186 2021-12-17 2022-09-30 一种自破冰的极地水域深潜救生艇 WO2023109255A1 (zh)

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