WO2023108984A1 - 光伏组件及其制备方法 - Google Patents

光伏组件及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023108984A1
WO2023108984A1 PCT/CN2022/089995 CN2022089995W WO2023108984A1 WO 2023108984 A1 WO2023108984 A1 WO 2023108984A1 CN 2022089995 W CN2022089995 W CN 2022089995W WO 2023108984 A1 WO2023108984 A1 WO 2023108984A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
protective
adhesive film
battery
transparent insulating
photovoltaic module
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Application number
PCT/CN2022/089995
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张治勋
周华明
石刚
Original Assignee
通威太阳能（合肥）有限公司
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Application filed by 通威太阳能（合肥）有限公司 filed Critical 通威太阳能（合肥）有限公司
Priority to EP22905752.6A priority Critical patent/EP4300595A1/en
Priority to AU2022415721A priority patent/AU2022415721A1/en
Publication of WO2023108984A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023108984A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
    • H01L31/0504—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
    • H01L31/0504—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module
    • H01L31/0508—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module the interconnection means having a particular shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, in particular, to a photovoltaic module and a preparation method thereof.
  • the cells of the battery string are connected by ribbons, and the cells are generally arranged with negative spacing, that is to say, adjacent cells are partially overlapped, and the photovoltaic modules are prepared During the process, in order to reduce the probability of cracking in the overlapping area of the battery, the pads are connected to the front of the battery sheet, and then turned over to separate the welding ribbon in the overlapping area from the battery sheet. When heating and laminating, the welding ribbon will not The supporting stress on the cells causes the cells to rupture and the spacers are heated and bonded to the cells.
  • the spacer is in the shape of a cuboid. During the lamination process, the pressure on the solder ribbon under the spacer is greater than that at other positions, which may easily cause rupture of the battery sheet and short circuit of the module.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a photovoltaic module and a preparation method thereof, which can improve the problem of cell rupture.
  • a photovoltaic component is provided, and the photovoltaic component may include:
  • a battery string can include a plurality of battery slices, two adjacent battery slices can be connected in series through a plurality of welding ribbons arranged at intervals, the area on the surface of the battery slice without welding ribbon is the mounting part, and two adjacent battery slices can be connected in series.
  • the battery slices can be staggered up and down;
  • the transparent insulating flexible protective body, the transparent insulating flexible protective body can be arranged on the front or back of the battery sheet, the transparent insulating flexible protective body can include a first protective part connected to the surface of the mounting part, and the thickness of the first protective part can be no less than the thickness of the welding part. the thickness of the belt;
  • the front adhesive film and the back adhesive film, the front adhesive film and the back adhesive film can be respectively connected to the front and the back of the cell, and one of the front adhesive film and the back adhesive film can be connected to the transparent insulating flexible protective body;
  • the first board body and the second board body, the first board body and the second board body can be respectively connected with the front adhesive film and the back adhesive film.
  • a transparent insulating flexible protective body is provided on the front or back of the battery sheet, and the first protective part of the transparent insulating flexible protective body is connected to the surface of the mounting part of the battery sheet,
  • the thickness of the first protective part is not less than the thickness of the welding ribbon, so the transparent insulating flexible protective body avoids the position of the welding ribbon, and the first protective part is formed on both sides of the welding ribbon during the lamination process to form the above-mentioned photovoltaic module
  • the support reduces the stress on the solder strips, and the transparent insulating flexible protective body is flexible, which can reduce the chance of cell rupture and reduce the risk of component short circuit.
  • the transparent insulating flexible protective body is transparent and will not block the cells and affect the power generation efficiency of the cells.
  • the first protection part may include multiple sets of protective glue arranged between two adjacent welding strips, and multiple welding strips arranged at intervals may be distributed along the first preset direction, and the multiple sets of protective glue The glue may be distributed along a second preset direction, and the second preset direction may not be parallel to the first preset direction, and the protective glue may include a plurality of glues arranged at intervals.
  • the protective glue can be better fixed with the battery sheet, and the colloid of the protective glue can form a flexible support on both sides of the solder strip, thereby reducing the probability of battery sheet rupture.
  • the second preset direction may be perpendicular to the first preset direction.
  • the colloid may be in the form of strips or dots.
  • it may also include a second protection part connected to the first protection part, the second protection part may be arranged on the surface of the welding strip, and the surface of the second protection part away from the welding strip may be connected to the first protection part. A surface of the protective part facing away from the battery sheet is flush with each other.
  • the second protection part will bear a certain pressure during the lamination process. Since the surface of the second protection part away from the solder ribbon is flush with the surface of the first protection part away from the battery sheet, the force The surface of the solder strip and the surface of the mounting part are relatively uniform, thereby reducing the probability of cell rupture.
  • the surface of the transparent insulating flexible protective body facing away from the battery sheet may be an arc surface.
  • the distance between adjacent edges of two battery sheets arranged adjacently may be ⁇ 0.
  • the protective glue may be hot-melt glue or light-curable glue, and the material of the protective glue may be the same as that of the front adhesive film and the back adhesive film.
  • the first plate body can be used as the upper plate body
  • the material of the first plate body can be transparent material
  • the second plate body can be used as the lower cover plate body
  • the second plate body can be multiple layers of polymer laminate or sheet metal.
  • cells are arranged with a negative pitch, that is, some parts are overlapped.
  • the purpose of doing so is to increase the arrangement density of cells in the cell string, thereby increasing the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic module.
  • the inventors of the present disclosure found in their research that the cells at the laminations are blocked and the light-receiving area of the cells is reduced, which will affect the efficiency of the cell assembly.
  • a method for preparing a photovoltaic module comprising: combining a first plate body, a front adhesive film, a battery string, a transparent insulating flexible protective member, a back adhesive film, and a second plate body After stacking and heat lamination;
  • the battery string may include a plurality of battery slices, and two battery slices arranged adjacently may be connected in series through a plurality of welding ribbons arranged at intervals.
  • the slices can be staggered up and down;
  • the transparent insulated flexible protective member may include a first protective body, and the thickness of the first protective body may not be less than the thickness of the solder ribbon; the transparent insulating flexible protective body may be stacked on the front or back of the battery sheet, and the first protective body is located at the mounting part , after the heating lamination step, the first shield forms the first shield portion;
  • the front adhesive film can be stacked on the surface of the first plate and is located on the front of the cell, the back adhesive film can be stacked on the back of the cell, and the second plate can be stacked on the side of the back adhesive film away from the cell .
  • the first plate body, the front adhesive film, the battery string, the transparent insulating flexible protective body, the back adhesive film and the second plate body are all stacked, wherein the transparent insulating flexible protective member is stacked on the battery sheet.
  • the front adhesive film and the back adhesive film are melted and filled to insulate the space between two adjacent battery sheets, which can also reduce the risk of short circuit of photovoltaic modules.
  • the transparent insulating flexible protective body is transparent and will not block the cells and affect the power generation efficiency of the cells.
  • the transparent insulating flexible protective member may also include a second protective part, and the second protective part may be located on the surface of the welding strip, and the first protective body may include a first protective layer and a second protective layer, The first protective layer is connected to the second protective layer, the second protective layer and the second protective part may be integrally structured, and the first protective layer is arranged close to the surface of the battery sheet;
  • the first protective layer is melted and adhered to the surface of the battery sheet, and the first protective layer and the second protective layer can form the first protective part together.
  • the first protective layer in the process of heating and laminating, the first protective layer is melted and bonded to the surface of the battery sheet, and the first protective part formed by the first protective layer and the second protective layer is attached to the mounting part of the battery sheet.
  • the second protective part forms an active force on the welding strip, and the active force received by the battery sheet is relatively uniform, so it is not easy to break.
  • the second protective layer can be connected to the adhesive film with the second protective part.
  • the step of stacking the transparent insulating flexible protective body may include:
  • the distance between the edges of two adjacent battery sheets that are close to each other is ⁇ 0.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery string according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first structure of a battery string and a transparent insulating flexible protective body according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 4 is a second structural schematic diagram of a battery string and a transparent insulating flexible protective body according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 5 is a third structural schematic diagram of a battery string and a transparent insulating flexible protective body according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the positions of the first protective body and the second protective part in the battery string in another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the positions of the first protective body and the second protective part in the battery string from another perspective in another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Icons 10-photovoltaic module; 11-battery string; 111-battery sheet; 112-welding ribbon; 12-transparent insulating flexible protective body; 14-back adhesive film; 15-first plate body; 16-second plate body; 17-first protective body; 171-first protective layer; 172-second protective layer.
  • orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms “upper”, “lower”, etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the conventionally placed position when the disclosed product is used.
  • the orientation or positional relationship is only for the convenience of describing the present disclosure and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus cannot be construed as limiting the present disclosure.
  • first”, “second”, etc. are only used for distinguishing descriptions, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
  • setting and “connection” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, or Integratively connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, or Integratively connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components.
  • a photovoltaic module 10 (refer to FIG. 2 ), which includes a battery string 11 (refer to FIG. 1 ), a transparent insulating flexible protective body 12, a front adhesive film 13, and a back adhesive film 14. , the first board body 15 and the second board body 16 .
  • the battery string 11 includes a plurality of battery slices 111 , two adjacent battery slices 111 are connected in series through a plurality of spaced apart welding ribbons 112 , and the two adjacent battery slices 111 are staggered up and down. That is to say, the front surfaces of the two adjacent battery sheets 111 are not flush, and the back surfaces of the two adjacent battery sheets 111 are not flush.
  • the solder ribbon 112 is a tin-coated copper ribbon.
  • the transparent insulating flexible protective body 12 is arranged on the front or back of the battery sheet 111, the area of the surface of the battery sheet 111 without the solder ribbon 112 is the mounting part, and the transparent insulating flexible protective body 12 includes a first protective part 121 connected to the surface of the mounting part (Refer to FIG. 3 to FIG. 5 ), the thickness of the first guard portion 121 is not smaller than the thickness of the welding ribbon 112 . Since the transparent insulating flexible protective body 12 is transparent, it will not block the cells 111 and affect the power generation efficiency of the cells 111 .
  • the front adhesive film 13 and the back adhesive film 14 are respectively connected to the front and back of the battery sheet 111 , and one of the front adhesive film 13 and the back adhesive film 14 is connected to the transparent insulating flexible protective body 12 . It should be noted that when the transparent insulating flexible protective body 12 is arranged on the front side of the battery sheet 111, the front adhesive film 13 is connected to the transparent insulating flexible protective body 12; when the transparent insulating flexible protective body 12 is arranged on the back side of the battery sheet 111, The back adhesive film 14 is connected with the transparent insulating flexible protective body 12 . in,
  • the two adjacent battery pieces 111 are arranged vertically and staggered, the two adjacent battery pieces 111 can be insulated by the front adhesive film 13 and the back adhesive film 14 , which can reduce the short circuit risk of the photovoltaic module 10 .
  • the distance between the adjacent edges of two adjacent battery sheets 111 is ⁇ 0, and the two adjacent battery sheets 111 are arranged staggered up and down, then the two adjacent battery sheets 111 will not touch , further reducing the risk of short circuits.
  • the first plate body 15 and the second plate body 16 are respectively connected to the front adhesive film 13 and the back adhesive film 14 .
  • the first plate body 15 is used as the upper plate body
  • the material of the first plate body 15 is a transparent material, such as glass
  • the second plate body 16 used as the lower cover plate body can be a glass plate, and can also be a multilayer Polymer laminate or sheet metal etc.
  • the front or back of the battery sheet 111 is provided with a transparent insulating flexible protective body 12, and the first protective part 121 of the transparent insulating flexible protective body 12 is connected to the surface of the mounting part of the battery sheet 111, the first The thickness of the protective part 121 is not less than the thickness of the welding ribbon 112, and the transparent insulating flexible protective body 12 avoids the position of the welding ribbon 112.
  • the first protective part 121 The two sides of 112 form supports to reduce the force on the soldering strip 112, and the transparent insulating flexible protective body 12 is flexible, which can reduce the probability of rupture of the battery sheet 111 and reduce the risk of component short circuit.
  • the thickness of the first protection portion 121 is 0.05 ⁇ 0.1 mm thicker than that of the welding ribbon 112 , such as 0.05 mm, 0.06 mm, 0.07 mm, 0.08 mm, 0.09 mm or 0.1 mm.
  • the first protective part 121 includes multiple sets of protective glue disposed between two adjacent welding ribbons 112, and the plurality of welding ribbons 112 arranged at intervals are arranged along the first predetermined direction. distribution, multiple sets of protective glue are distributed along a second preset direction, the second preset direction is not parallel to the first preset direction, and the protective glue includes a plurality of glues 1211 arranged at intervals.
  • the second preset direction is perpendicular to the first preset direction.
  • the protective glue can be better fixed with the battery sheet 111 , and the colloid 1211 of the protective glue can form a flexible support on both sides of the soldering strip 112 , thereby reducing the probability of the battery sheet 111 being broken.
  • the colloid 1211 is in the shape of strips or dots.
  • a plurality of colloids 1211 arranged at intervals may also be arranged along the second preset direction.
  • the protective glue may be hot-melt glue or light-curable glue.
  • the hot-melt glue can be cured by heating, and the light-curable glue can be cured by light.
  • the material of the protective glue can be the same as that of the film.
  • the hot melt adhesive can be EVA or POE.
  • the transparent insulating flexible protective body 12 also includes a second protective portion 122 connected to the first protective portion 121 (see FIG. 6 ), the second protective portion 122 is arranged on the surface of the welding strip 112, And the surface of the second protection part 122 facing away from the solder ribbon 112 is flush with the surface of the first protection part 121 facing away from the battery sheet 111 .
  • the second protection part 122 will bear a certain pressure during the lamination process.
  • the force is The surface of the soldering strip 112 and the surface of the mounting part are relatively uniform, thereby reducing the possibility of the cell sheet 111 being cracked.
  • the surface of the transparent insulating flexible protective body 12 facing away from the battery sheet 111 is a plane. It can be understood that the surface of the transparent insulating flexible protective body 12 facing away from the battery sheet 111 may also be an arc surface. It should be noted that when the surface of the transparent insulating flexible protective body 12 facing away from the battery sheet 111 is an arc surface, the extent of the protrusions and depressions on the surface of the second protecting portion 122 facing away from the battery sheet 111 deviates from the first protecting portion 121 The protrusions and depressions on the surface of the battery sheet 111 are consistent in magnitude.
  • the width of the transparent insulating flexible protective member is not greater than 50mm, such as any one of 5mm, 10mm, 20mm, 30mm, 40mm and 50mm or a range between any two.
  • a method for preparing the above-mentioned photovoltaic module 10 which includes the first plate body 15, the front adhesive film 13, the battery string 11, the transparent insulating flexible protective member, the back adhesive film 14 and the second plate body 16 are stacked and then heated and laminated.
  • the battery string 11 includes a plurality of battery slices 111, and two adjacent battery slices 111 are connected in series through a plurality of welding ribbons 112 arranged at intervals.
  • the two battery slices 111 are staggered up and down.
  • the transparent insulating flexible protective member comprises a first protective body 17 (referring to Fig. 6 and Fig. 7), and the thickness of the first protective body 17 is not less than the thickness of the welding strip 112; On the back side, and the first protective body 17 is located at the installation part, after the heat lamination step, the first protective body 17 forms the first protective part 121 .
  • the front adhesive film 13 is stacked on the surface of the first plate body 15 and is located on the front of the battery sheet 111, the back adhesive film 14 is stacked on the back of the battery sheet 111, and the second plate body 16 is stacked on the back of the back adhesive film 14.
  • the first board body 15 Stack the first board body 15, the front adhesive film 13, the battery string 11, the transparent insulating flexible protective member, the back adhesive film 14 and the second board body 16, wherein the transparent insulating flexible protective member is stacked on the battery sheet 111
  • the flexibility of the flexible protective member can reduce the probability of the cell sheet 111 being broken and reduce the risk of component short circuit.
  • the first protection body 17 forms the first protection portion 121 and is connected to the surface of the mounting portion of the battery sheet 111 .
  • two adjacent cell sheets 111 are arranged staggered up and down, and after heating and lamination, the front adhesive film 13 and the back adhesive film 14 are melted and filled between two adjacent cell sheets 111 to insulate them, which can also reduce the size of the photovoltaic module 10. Risk of short circuit. It should be noted that, before and after heat lamination, two battery sheets 111 adjacently arranged are staggered differently up and down.
  • a second protection part 122 is also included, and the second protection part 122 is located on the surface of the welding strip 112, the first protection body 17 includes a first protection layer 171 and a second protection layer 172, and the first protection layer 171 and the second protection layer 172 The two protective layers 172 are connected, the second protective layer 172 is integrated with the second protective part 122 , and the first protective layer 171 is disposed close to the surface of the battery sheet 111 .
  • the first protection layer 171 is melted and adhered to the surface of the cell sheet 111 , and the first protection layer 171 and the second protection layer 172 together form the first protection portion 121 .
  • the first protection layer 171 is an EVA film
  • the second protection layer 172 is a PET film.
  • the first protective layer 171 is melted and bonded to the surface of the battery sheet 111, and the first protective layer 171 and the second protective layer 172 together form the first protective part 121 to the mounting part of the battery sheet 111.
  • the second protection portion 122 forms an active force on the welding ribbon 112 , and the active force received by the battery sheet 111 is relatively uniform, so it is not easy to be broken.
  • the second protective layer 172 and the second protective portion 122 can be pre-connected to the adhesive film, if the second protective layer 172 and the second protective portion 122 are pre-connected to the front adhesive film 13, then the transparent insulating flexible protective body 12 Stacked on the front of the battery sheet 111 , if the second protective layer 172 and the second protective portion 122 are pre-connected to the back adhesive film 14 , the transparent insulating flexible protective body 12 is stacked on the back of the battery sheet 111 .
  • the stacking step of the transparent insulating flexible protective member includes: dispensing glue on the front or back mounting part of the battery sheet 111, and making the glue fixed on the surface of the battery sheet 111 to form the first protective layer. Section 121.
  • the structure of the first protection portion 121 formed by this method has been introduced in the above-mentioned embodiments, and will not be repeated here.
  • the transparent insulating flexible protective member on the back side of the battery sheet 111, the first plate body 15, the front adhesive film 13, the battery string 11, the transparent insulating flexible protective member, the back adhesive film 14 and the second plate
  • the step that body 16 is stacked comprises:
  • the back adhesive film 14 is arranged on the side of the first protective body 17 away from the back side of the battery sheet 111;
  • the second plate body 16 is stacked on the surface of the back adhesive film 14 and then laminated.
  • the disclosure provides a photovoltaic module and a preparation method thereof, which relate to the field of photovoltaic technology.
  • the photovoltaic module includes: a battery string, a transparent insulating flexible protective body, a front adhesive film, a back adhesive film, a first plate body and a second plate body.
  • the battery string includes a plurality of battery sheets, and two adjacent battery sheets are passed through multiple
  • the welding ribbons arranged at intervals are connected in series, the area without welding ribbons on the surface of the battery sheet is the installation part, and the two adjacent battery sheets are arranged staggered up and down;
  • the transparent insulating flexible protection body is arranged on the front or back of the battery sheet, and the transparent insulating flexible protection body
  • the body includes a first protective part connected to the surface of the mounting part, the thickness of the first protective part is not less than the thickness of the welding strip;
  • the front adhesive film and the back adhesive film are respectively connected to the front and back of the cell, and the front adhesive film and the back
  • One of the adhesive films is connected to the transparent insulating flexible protective body;
  • the first plate body and the second plate body are respectively connected to the front adhesive film and the back adhesive film, which can improve the problem of cell rupture.
  • the disclosed photovoltaic modules and methods of making them are reproducible and applicable in a variety of industrial applications.
  • the photovoltaic module of the present disclosure can be applied in the field of photovoltaic technology.

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  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
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Abstract

本公开提供一种光伏组件及其制备方法，涉及光伏技术领域。光伏组件包括：电池串、透明绝缘柔性防护体、正面胶膜、背面胶膜、第一板体和第二板体，电池串包括多个电池片，相邻设置的两个电池片通过多根间隔设置的焊带串联，电池片的表面没有焊带的区域为安装部，相邻设置的两个电池片上下错开设置；透明绝缘柔性防护体设于电池片的正面或者背面，透明绝缘柔性防护体包括与安装部的表面连接的第一防护部，第一防护部的厚度不小于焊带的厚度；正面胶膜和背面胶膜分别连接于电池片的正面和背面，且正面胶膜和背面胶膜中的一者与透明绝缘柔性防护体连接；第一板体和第二板体分别与正面胶膜和背面胶膜连接。其能够改善电池片破裂的问题。

Description

光伏组件及其制备方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开要求于2021年12月17日提交中国国家知识产权局的申请号为202111552619X、名称为“光伏组件及其制备方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本公开涉及光伏技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种光伏组件及其制备方法。
背景技术
相关的光伏组件中，电池串的电池片是通过焊带连接的，且电池片一般是负间距排布的，即是说，相邻的电池片是有部分重叠在一起的，光伏组件在制备过程中，为了减小电池的重叠区域出现破裂的几率，通过将垫条与电池片的正面连接，然后进行翻转使得重叠区域内的焊带与电池片分离，加热层压时使得焊带不会对电池片造成支撑应力而导致电池发生破裂，并且垫条经加热后与电池片粘在一起。然而本公开的发明人研究发现，该垫条为长方体状，在层压的过程中垫条下方的焊带比其余位置的压力大，还是容易造成电池片发生破裂，导致组件短路。
发明内容
本公开实施例提供一种光伏组件及其制备方法，其能够改善电池片破裂的问题。
本公开实施例是这样实现的：
根据本公开的示例性实施例，提供一种光伏组件，光伏组件可以包括：
电池串，电池串可以包括多个电池片，相邻设置的两个电池片可以通过多根间隔设置的焊带串联，电池片的表面没有焊带的区域为安装部，相邻设置的两个电池片可以上下错开设置；
透明绝缘柔性防护体，透明绝缘柔性防护体可以设于电池片的正面或者背面，透明绝缘柔性防护体可以包括与安装部的表面连接的第一防护部，第一防护部的厚度可以不小于焊带的厚度；
正面胶膜和背面胶膜，正面胶膜和背面胶膜可以分别连接于电池片的正面和背面，且正面胶膜和背面胶膜中的一者可以与透明绝缘柔性防护体连接；以及
第一板体和第二板体，第一板体和第二板体可以分别与正面胶膜和背面胶膜连接。
在上述技术方案中，本公开实施例中的光伏组件，电池片的正面或者背面设有透明绝缘柔性防护体，且透明绝缘柔性防护体的第一防护部与电池片的安装部的表面连接，第一防护部的厚度不小于焊带的厚度，则透明绝缘柔性防护体避开了焊带的位置，在进行层压形成上述光伏组件的过程中，第一防护部在焊带的两侧形成支撑，减少焊带受力，且透明绝缘柔性防护体具有柔性，则能够减小电池片破裂的几率，减小组件短路的风险。而且，相邻两个电池片上下错开设置，相邻两个电池片被正面胶膜和背面胶膜绝缘，也能减小光伏组件短路风险。另外，透明绝缘柔性防护体为透明的，不会对电池片造成遮挡，影响电池片的发电效率。
在一种可能的实施方案中，第一防护部可以包括多组设置在相邻两个焊带之间的防护胶，多根间隔设置的焊带可以沿第一预设方向分布，多组防护胶可以沿第二预设方向分布，第二预设方向可以与第一预设方向不平行，防护胶可以包括多个间隔设置的胶体。
在上述技术方案中，防护胶能够与电池片较好地固定在一起，且防护胶的胶体能够在焊带的两侧形成柔性支撑，从而减小电池片破裂的几率。
在一种可能的实施方案中，第二预设方向可以与第一预设方向垂直。
在一种可能的实施方案中，胶体可以为条状或点状。
在一种可能的实施方案中，还可以包括与第一防护部连接的第二防护部，第二防护部可以设于焊带的表面，且第二防护部的背离焊带的表面可以与第一防护部的背离电池片的表面齐平。
在上述技术方案中，第二防护部在层压的过程中会承受一定的压力，由于第二防护部的背离焊带的表面与第一防护部的背离电池片的表面齐平，则作用力在焊带表面和安装部表面是比较均匀的，从而能够减小电池片破裂的几率。
在一种可能的实施方案中，透明绝缘柔性防护体的背离电池片的表面可以为弧面。
在一种可能的实施方案中，相邻设置的两个电池片的相互靠近的边缘之间的距离可以≥0。
在一种可能的实施方案中，防护胶可以为热熔胶或者光固胶，防护胶的材质可以与正面胶膜和背面胶膜的材质相同。
在一种可能的实施方案中，第一板体可以作为上板体使用，第一板体的材质可以为透明材质，第二板体可以作为下盖板体使用，第二板体可以是多层聚合物层压板或金属板。
相关技术中，有通过将电池片负间距排布，即有部分重叠在一起，这样做的目的是为提高电池串中的电池片的排布密度，从而提高光伏组件的发电量。然而，本公开的发明人在研究中发现，叠片处的电池片被遮挡，电池片受光面积减小，会影响电池组件效率。
上述技术方案中，由于相邻设置的电池片的相互靠近的边缘之间的距离大于或等于0，且相邻设置的两个电池片上下错开设置，相邻的电池片不会接触，进一步减小了短路的风险，且电池片之间无遮挡，能够提到电池组件效率。
根据本公开的示例性实施例，提供一种光伏组件的制备方法，该制备方法包括：将第一板体、正面胶膜、电池串、透明绝缘柔性防护件、背面胶膜和第二板体进行叠放后并进行加热层压；
其中，电池串可以包括多个电池片，相邻设置的两个电池片可以通过多根间隔设置的焊带串联，电池片的表面没有焊带的区域为安装部，相邻设置的两个电池片可以上下错开设置；
透明绝缘柔性防护件可以包括第一防护体，第一防护体的厚度可以不小于焊带的厚度；透明绝缘柔性防护体可以叠放在电池片的正面或者背面，且第一防护体位于安装部，加热层压步骤后，第一防护体形成第一防护部；
正面胶膜可以叠放在第一板体的表面，且位于电池片的正面，背面胶膜可以叠放在电池片的背面， 第二板体可以叠放在背面胶膜的背离电池片的一面。
在上述技术方案中，将第一板体、正面胶膜、电池串、透明绝缘柔性防护体、背面胶膜和第二板体均进行叠放，其中，透明绝缘柔性防护件叠放在电池片的正面或者背面，并使得第一防护体位于安装部，则在加热层压的过程中，第一防护体在焊带的两侧形成支撑，减少焊带受力，且透明绝缘柔性防护体具有柔性，则能够减小电池片破裂的几率，减小组件短路的风险。加热层压步骤后，第一防护体形成第一防护部并与电池片的安装部的表面连接。而且，相邻两个电池片上下错开设置，加热层压后，正面胶膜和背面胶膜熔化填充至相邻两个电池片之间将其绝缘，也能减小光伏组件短路风险。另外，透明绝缘柔性防护体为透明的，不会对电池片造成遮挡，影响电池片的发电效率。
在一种可能的实施方案中，透明绝缘柔性防护件还可以包括第二防护部，且第二防护部可以位于焊带的表面，第一防护体可以包括第一防护层和第二防护层，第一防护层和第二防护层连接，第二防护层与第二防护部可以为一体结构，第一防护层靠近电池片的表面设置；
加热层压步骤后，第一防护层熔化粘接于电池片的表面，且第一防护层和第二防护层可以一同形成第一防护部。
在上述技术方案中，在加热层压的过程中，第一防护层熔化后与电池片的表面粘接，第一防护层和第二防护层一同形成的第一防护部对电池片的安装部形成作用力，第二防护部对焊带形成作用力，电池片所受到的作用力较均匀，因而不易发生破裂。
可选地，第二防护层可以与第二防护部连接于胶膜。
在一种可能的实施方案中，透明绝缘柔性防护体的叠放步骤可以包括：
在电池片的正面或者背面的安装部进行点胶，并使得胶固定在电池片的表面形成第一防护部；
和/或，相邻设置的两个电池片相互靠近的边缘之间的距离≥0。
在上述技术方案中，由于相邻设置的电池片的相互靠近的边缘之间的距离大于或等于0，且相邻设置的两个电池片上下错开设置，在加热层压的过程中，相邻的电池片不会接触，进一步减小了短路的风险。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本公开的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本公开的一种示例性实施例的电池串的示意图；
图2为本公开的一种示例性实施例的光伏组件的结构示意图；
图3为本公开的一种示例性实施例的电池串与透明绝缘柔性防护体的第一种结构示意图；
图4为本公开的一种示例性实施例的电池串与透明绝缘柔性防护体的第二种结构示意图；
图5为本公开的一种示例性实施例的电池串与透明绝缘柔性防护体的第三种结构示意图；
图6为本公开的另一示例性实施例中第一防护体和第二防护部在电池串中的位置意图；
图7为本公开的另一示例性实施例中另一视角下的第一防护体和第二防护部在电池串中的位置意图。
图标：10-光伏组件；11-电池串；111-电池片；112-焊带；12-透明绝缘柔性防护体；121-第一防护部；1211-胶体；122-第二防护部；13-正面胶膜；14-背面胶膜；15-第一板体；16-第二板体；17-第一防护体；171-第一防护层；172-第二防护层。
具体实施方式
为使本公开实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本公开实施例中的附图，对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本公开一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本公开实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。
因此，以下对在附图中提供的本公开的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本公开的范围，而是仅仅表示本公开的选定实施例。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步和解释。
在本公开的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“上”、“下”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，或者是该公开产品使用时惯常摆放的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本公开和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本公开的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“设置”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本公开中的具体含义。
根据本公开的一种示例性实施例，提供一种光伏组件10(参照图2)，其包括电池串11(参照图1)、透明绝缘柔性防护体12、正面胶膜13、背面胶膜14、第一板体15和第二板体16。
其中，电池串11包括多个电池片111，相邻设置的两个电池片111通过多根间隔设置的焊带112串联，相邻设置的两个电池片111上下错开设置。即是说，相邻设置的两个电池片111的正面不是齐平设置的，相邻设置的两个电池片111的背面也不是齐平设置的。可选地，焊带112为涂锡铜带。
透明绝缘柔性防护体12设于电池片111的正面或者背面，电池片111的表面没有焊带112的区域为安装部，透明绝缘柔性防护体12包括与安装部的表面连接的第一防护部121(参照图3～图5)，第一防 护部121的厚度不小于焊带112的厚度。由于透明绝缘柔性防护体12为透明的，不会对电池片111造成遮挡而影响电池片111的发电效率。
正面胶膜13和背面胶膜14分别连接于电池片111的正面和背面，且正面胶膜13和背面胶膜14中的一者与透明绝缘柔性防护体12连接。需要说明的是，当透明绝缘柔性防护体12设于电池片111的正面时，正面胶膜13与透明绝缘柔性防护体12连接；当透明绝缘柔性防护体12设于电池片111的背面时，背面胶膜14与透明绝缘柔性防护体12连接。其中，
由于相邻两个电池片111上下错开设置，相邻两个电池片111能够被正面胶膜13和背面胶膜14绝缘，能减小光伏组件10短路风险。
可选地，相邻设置的两个电池片111的相互靠近的边缘之间的距离≥0，且相邻设置的两个电池片111上下错开设置，则相邻两个电池片111不会接触，进一步减小了短路的风险。
第一板体15和第二板体16分别与正面胶膜13和背面胶膜14连接。其中，第一板体15作为上板体使用，第一板体15的材质为透明材质，例如为玻璃，作为下盖板体使用的第二板体16可以是玻璃板，也可以是多层聚合物层压板或金属板等。
本实施例的光伏组件10，电池片111的正面或者背面设有透明绝缘柔性防护体12，且透明绝缘柔性防护体12的第一防护部121与电池片111的安装部的表面连接，第一防护部121的厚度不小于焊带112的厚度，则透明绝缘柔性防护体12避开了焊带112的位置，在进行层压形成上述光伏组件10的过程中，第一防护部121在焊带112的两侧形成支撑，减少焊带112受力，且透明绝缘柔性防护体12具有柔性，则能够减小电池片111破裂的几率，减小组件短路的风险。
示例性地，第一防护部121的厚度比焊带112的厚度厚0.05～0.1mm，例如为0.05mm、0.06mm、0.07mm、0.08mm、0.09mm或0.1mm。
可选地，在一种可能的实施方案中，第一防护部121包括多组设置在相邻两个焊带112之间的防护胶，多根间隔设置的焊带112沿第一预设方向分布，多组防护胶沿第二预设方向分布，第二预设方向与第一预设方向不平行，防护胶包括多个间隔设置的胶体1211。可选地，第二预设方向与第一预设方向垂直。
防护胶能够与电池片111较好地固定在一起，且防护胶的胶体1211能够在焊带112的两侧形成柔性支撑，从而减小电池片111破裂的几率。可选地，胶体1211为条状或点状。另外，多个间隔设置的胶体1211也可以沿第二预设方向排布。
示例性地，防护胶可以为热熔胶或者光固胶，热熔胶通过加热能够实现固化，光固胶通过光照能够实现固化。其中，防护胶可以与胶膜的材质相同。示例性地，热熔胶可选择EVA或POE。
在另一种可能的实施方案中，透明绝缘柔性防护体12还包括与第一防护部121连接的第二防护部122(参照图6)，第二防护部122设于焊带112的表面，且第二防护部122的背离焊带112的表面与第一防护部121的背离电池片111的表面齐平。第二防护部122在层压的过程中会承受一定的压力，由于 第二防护部122的背离焊带112的表面与第一防护部121的背离电池片111的表面齐平，则作用力在焊带112表面和安装部表面是比较均匀的，从而能够减小电池片111破裂的几率。
示例性地，透明绝缘柔性防护体12的背离电池片111的表面为平面。可以理解的是，透明绝缘柔性防护体12的背离电池片111的表面也可以为弧面。需要说明的是，当透明绝缘柔性防护体12的背离电池片111的表面为弧面时，第二防护部122背离电池片111的表面的凸起和下凹的幅度与第一防护部121背离电池片111的表面的凸起和下凹的幅度一致。
示例性地，透明绝缘柔性防护件的宽度不大于50mm，例如为5mm、10mm、20mm、30mm、40mm和50mm中的任一者或者任意两者之间的范围。
根据本公开的另一示例性实施例，提供一种上述光伏组件10的制备方法，其包括，将第一板体15、正面胶膜13、电池串11、透明绝缘柔性防护件、背面胶膜14和第二板体16进行叠放后并进行加热层压。
其中，电池串11包括多个电池片111，相邻设置的两个电池片111通过多根间隔设置的焊带112串联，电池片111的表面没有焊带112的区域为安装部，相邻设置的两个电池片111上下错开设置。
透明绝缘柔性防护件包括第一防护体17(参照图6和图7)，第一防护体17的厚度不小于焊带112的厚度；透明绝缘柔性防护体12叠放在电池片111的正面或者背面，且第一防护体17位于安装部，加热层压步骤后，第一防护体17形成第一防护部121。
正面胶膜13叠放在第一板体15的表面，且位于电池片111的正面，背面胶膜14叠放在电池片111的背面，第二板体16叠放在背面胶膜14的背离电池片111的一面。
将第一板体15、正面胶膜13、电池串11、透明绝缘柔性防护件、背面胶膜14和第二板体16均进行叠放，其中，透明绝缘柔性防护件叠放在电池片111的正面或者背面，并使得第一防护体17位于安装部，则在加热层压的过程中，第一防护体17在焊带112的两侧形成支撑，减少焊带112受力，且透明绝缘柔性防护件具有柔性，则能够减小电池片111破裂的几率，减小组件短路的风险。加热层压步骤后，第一防护体17形成第一防护部121并与电池片111的安装部的表面连接。而且，相邻两个电池片111上下错开设置，加热层压后，正面胶膜13和背面胶膜14熔化填充至相邻两个电池片111之间将其绝缘，也能减小光伏组件10短路风险。需要说明的是，在加热层压之前和之后，相邻设置的两个电池片111上下错开的程度不同。
可选地，还包括第二防护部122，且第二防护部122位于焊带112的表面，第一防护体17包括第一防护层171和第二防护层172，第一防护层171和第二防护层172连接，第二防护层172与第二防护部122为一体结构，第一防护层171靠近电池片111的表面设置。加热层压步骤后，第一防护层171熔化粘接于电池片111的表面，且第一防护层171和第二防护层172一同形成第一防护部121。示例性地，第一防护层171为EVA膜，第二防护层172为PET膜。
在加热层压的过程中，第一防护层171熔化后与电池片111的表面粘接，第一防护层171和第二防 护层172一同形成的第一防护部121对电池片111的安装部形成作用力，第二防护部122对焊带112形成作用力，电池片111所受到的作用力较均匀，因而不易发生破裂。
其中，第二防护层172和第二防护部122均可以是预先连接在胶膜的，如果第二防护层172和第二防护部122预先连接于正面胶膜13，则透明绝缘柔性防护体12叠放在电池片111的正面，如果第二防护层172和第二防护部122预先连接于背面胶膜14，则透明绝缘柔性防护体12叠放在电池片111的背面。
在另一种可能的实施方案中，透明绝缘柔性防护件的叠放步骤包括：在电池片111的正面或者背面的安装部进行点胶，并使得胶固定在电池片111的表面形成第一防护部121。该方法形成的第一防护部121的结构在上述实施例中已介绍，在此不再赘述。
其中，如果是需要将透明绝缘柔性防护件设在电池片111的背面，则将第一板体15、正面胶膜13、电池串11、透明绝缘柔性防护件、背面胶膜14和第二板体16进行叠放的步骤包括：
在第一板体15表面叠放正面胶膜13；
将电池串11叠放于正面胶膜13表面并使得电池片111的正面与正面胶膜13接触；
将第二防护部122和第一防护体17对应设于电池片111的背面，或者在电池片111的背面的安装部进行点胶；
将背面胶膜14设于第一防护体17的远离电池片111的背面的一面；
在背面胶膜14的表面叠放第二板体16，然后进行层压。
以上仅为本公开的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本公开，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本公开可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本公开的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。
工业实用性
本公开提供了一种光伏组件及其制备方法，涉及光伏技术领域。光伏组件包括：电池串、透明绝缘柔性防护体、正面胶膜、背面胶膜、第一板体和第二板体，电池串包括多个电池片，相邻设置的两个电池片通过多根间隔设置的焊带串联，电池片的表面没有焊带的区域为安装部，相邻设置的两个电池片上下错开设置；透明绝缘柔性防护体设于电池片的正面或者背面，透明绝缘柔性防护体包括与安装部的表面连接的第一防护部，第一防护部的厚度不小于焊带的厚度；正面胶膜和背面胶膜分别连接于电池片的正面和背面，且正面胶膜和背面胶膜中的一者与透明绝缘柔性防护体连接；第一板体和第二板体分别与正面胶膜和背面胶膜连接，其能够改善电池片破裂的问题。
此外，可以理解的是，本公开的光伏组件及其制备方法是可以重现的，并且可以应用在多种工业应用中。例如，本公开的光伏组件可以应用于光伏技术领域。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种光伏组件，其特征在于，包括：
    电池串，所述电池串包括多个电池片，相邻设置的两个所述电池片通过多根间隔设置的焊带串联，所述电池片的表面没有所述焊带的区域为安装部，相邻设置的两个所述电池片上下错开设置；
    透明绝缘柔性防护体，所述透明绝缘柔性防护体设于所述电池片的正面或者背面，所述透明绝缘柔性防护体包括与所述安装部的表面连接的第一防护部，所述第一防护部的厚度不小于所述焊带的厚度；
    正面胶膜和背面胶膜，所述正面胶膜和所述背面胶膜分别连接于所述电池片的正面和背面，且所述正面胶膜和所述背面胶膜中的一者与所述透明绝缘柔性防护体连接；以及
    第一板体和第二板体，所述第一板体和第二板体分别与所述正面胶膜和所述背面胶膜连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，所述第一防护部包括多组设置在相邻两个所述焊带之间的防护胶，多根间隔设置的所述焊带沿第一预设方向分布，多组所述防护胶沿第二预设方向分布，所述第二预设方向与所述第一预设方向不平行，所述防护胶包括多个间隔设置的胶体。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，所述第二预设方向与所述第一预设方向垂直。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，所述胶体为条状或点状。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中的任一项所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，所述透明绝缘柔性防护体还包括与所述第一防护部连接的第二防护部，所述第二防护部设于所述焊带的表面，且所述第二防护部的背离所述焊带的表面与所述第一防护部的背离所述电池片的表面齐平。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，所述透明绝缘柔性防护体的背离所述电池片的表面为弧面。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中的任一项所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，相邻设置的两个所述电池片的相互靠近的边缘之间的距离≥0。
  8. 根据权利要求2至4中的任一项所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，所述防护胶为热熔胶或者光固胶，所述防护胶的材质与所述正面胶膜和所述背面胶膜的材质相同。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中的任一项所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，所述第一板体作为上板体使用，所述第一板体的材质为透明材质，所述第二板体作为下盖板体使用，所述第二板体是多层聚合物层压板或金属板。
  10. 一种光伏组件的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：将第一板体、正面胶膜、电池串、透明绝缘柔性防护件、背面胶膜和第二板体进行叠放后并进行加热层压；
    其中，所述电池串包括多个电池片，相邻设置的两个所述电池片通过多根间隔设置的焊带串联，所述电池片的表面没有所述焊带的区域为安装部，相邻设置的两个所述电池片上下错开设置；
    所述透明绝缘柔性防护件包括第一防护体，所述第一防护体的厚度不小于所述焊带的厚度；所述透明绝缘柔性防护件叠放在所述电池片的正面或者背面，且所述第一防护体位于所述安装部，所述加热层 压步骤后，所述第一防护体形成第一防护部；
    所述正面胶膜叠放在所述第一板体的表面，且位于所述电池片的正面，所述背面胶膜叠放在所述电池片的背面，所述第二板体叠放在所述背面胶膜的背离所述电池片的一面。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的光伏组件的制备方法，其特征在于，还包括第二防护部，且所述第二防护部位于所述焊带的表面，所述第一防护体包括第一防护层和第二防护层，所述第一防护层和第二防护层连接，所述第二防护层与所述第二防护部为一体结构，所述第一防护层靠近所述电池片的表面设置；
    所述加热层压步骤后，所述第一防护层熔化粘接于所述电池片的表面，且所述第一防护层和所述第二防护层一同形成第一防护部；
    可选地，所述第二防护层与所述第二防护部连接于所述胶膜。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的光伏组件的制备方法，其特征在于，所述透明绝缘柔性防护件的叠放步骤包括：
    在所述电池片的正面或者背面的所述安装部进行点胶，并使得胶固定在所述电池片的表面形成第一防护部；
    和/或，相邻设置的两个所述电池片相互靠近的边缘之间的距离≥0。
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