WO2023108743A1 - 调光装置及显示装置 - Google Patents

调光装置及显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023108743A1
WO2023108743A1 PCT/CN2021/140343 CN2021140343W WO2023108743A1 WO 2023108743 A1 WO2023108743 A1 WO 2023108743A1 CN 2021140343 W CN2021140343 W CN 2021140343W WO 2023108743 A1 WO2023108743 A1 WO 2023108743A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
polarizer
liquid crystal
polymer network
dimming
crystal molecules
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PCT/CN2021/140343
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何瑞
梅新东
叶文龙
邓茜
程薇
Original Assignee
武汉华星光电技术有限公司
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Application filed by 武汉华星光电技术有限公司 filed Critical 武汉华星光电技术有限公司
Priority to US17/623,334 priority Critical patent/US20240069369A1/en
Publication of WO2023108743A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023108743A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/1323—Arrangements for providing a switchable viewing angle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
    • G02F1/13345—Network or three-dimensional gels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G02F1/133531—Polarisers characterised by the arrangement of polariser or analyser axes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/44—Arrangements combining different electro-active layers, e.g. electrochromic, liquid crystal or electroluminescent layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
    • G02F2203/48—Variable attenuator

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of display technology, in particular to a dimming device and a display device.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a dimming device and a display device, so as to ensure that the display device displays normally at a normal viewing angle, and at the same time reduce the difference in anti-peeping effect at different positions, and better realize the anti-peeping effect.
  • a display device comprising:
  • a first polarizer located on the light-emitting side of the display panel
  • the dimming layer disposed on a side of the first polarizer away from the display panel, the light-adjusting layer has at least one first region and at least one second region alternately arranged along a first direction, and the first direction Perpendicular to the thickness direction of the dimming layer, the dimming layer includes:
  • the first polymer network liquid crystal is located in the first region of the dimming layer, and includes a first polymer network arranged along a second direction and liquid crystal molecules distributed in the first polymer network, the the second direction is inclined relative to the normal of the first polarizer;
  • the second polymer network liquid crystal is located in the second region of the dimming layer, and includes a second polymer network arranged along a third direction and liquid crystal molecules distributed in the second polymer network, the The third direction is inclined relative to the normal of the first polarizer, and the third direction and the second direction respectively point to opposite sides of the normal of the first polarizer; and
  • the second polarizer is located on the side of the light-adjusting layer away from the first polarizer, and the light transmission axis of the second polarizer is parallel to the light transmission axis of the first polarizer;
  • the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules distributed in the first polymer network are arranged along the second direction and distributed in the second polymer network
  • the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules are arranged along the third direction.
  • a dimming device the dimming device has a first state, the dimming device comprises:
  • a light-adjusting layer disposed on one side of the first polarizer, the light-adjusting layer has at least one first region and at least one second region alternately arranged along a first direction, the first direction and the The thickness direction of the dimming layer is vertical, and the dimming layer includes:
  • the first polymer network liquid crystal is located in the first region of the dimming layer, and includes a first polymer network arranged along a second direction and liquid crystal molecules distributed in the first polymer network, the the second direction is inclined relative to the normal of the first polarizer;
  • the second polymer network liquid crystal is located in the second region of the dimming layer, and includes a second polymer network arranged along a third direction and liquid crystal molecules distributed in the second polymer network, the The third direction is inclined relative to the normal of the first polarizer, and the third direction and the second direction respectively point to opposite sides of the normal of the first polarizer; and
  • the second polarizer is located on the side of the light-adjusting layer away from the first polarizer, and the light transmission axis of the second polarizer is parallel to the light transmission axis of the first polarizer;
  • the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules distributed in the first polymer network are arranged along the second direction and distributed in the second polymer network
  • the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules are arranged along the third direction.
  • the present application provides a dimming device and a display device.
  • the dimming layer is located between the first polarizer and the second polarizer whose light transmission axes are parallel to each other.
  • the display device When the display device is in the first display mode, it is distributed in the first polymer
  • the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules in the network are set along the second direction
  • the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules distributed in the second polymer network are set along the third direction
  • the third direction and the second direction point to the opposite direction of the normal line of the first polarizer respectively.
  • the light-adjusting layer adjusts the phase of the light whose propagation direction deviates from the normal direction of the first polarizer and the second polarizer, and the light-adjusting layer adjusts the phase of the light whose propagation direction deviates from the normal direction of the first polarizer and the second polarizer.
  • the light parallel to the line direction is not phase-adjusted, so that the light whose propagation direction deviates from the normal direction of the first polarizer and the second polarizer is at least partially intercepted by the second polarizer after phase adjustment, while the propagation direction is different from the first polarizer.
  • the light parallel to the normal direction of the second polarizer passes through the second polarizer to ensure normal display at a normal viewing angle.
  • the second direction and the third direction respectively point to the direction of the first polarizer.
  • the opposite sides of the line make the dimming layer self-compensating and improve the difference in anti-peeping effect at different positions.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the display device in the first display mode according to the first embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of viewing the light-adjusting layer in the display device shown in Fig. 1 from different positions in the y-axis direction;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first type of display device in the second display mode according to the first embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 4 is a second schematic cross-sectional view of the display device in the second display mode according to the first embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the display device in the first display mode according to the second embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a comparative display device
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of viewing the display device shown in FIG. 6 from different positions along the y-axis direction.
  • the present application provides a display device 100 , which is a liquid crystal display device.
  • the display device 100 has a first display mode and a second display mode.
  • the visible viewing angle of the first display mode is smaller than that of the second display mode.
  • the first display mode is an anti-peeping mode corresponding to a narrow viewing angle
  • the second display mode is The normal mode or sharing mode corresponding to the wide viewing angle.
  • the display device 100 includes a display module 10 , a dimming device 20 and a backlight module 30 , and the display module 10 is located between the dimming device 20 and the backlight module 30 .
  • the display module 10 includes a first polarizer 101, a display panel 102 and a third polarizer 103, the display panel 102 is located between the first polarizer 101 and the third polarizer 103, the first polarizer 101 Located on the light emitting side of the display panel 102 , the third polarizer 103 is located on the light incident side of the display panel 102 , and the first polarizer 101 and the third polarizer 103 are attached to opposite sides of the display panel 102 respectively.
  • the light transmission axis of the first polarizer 101 is perpendicular to the light transmission axis of the third polarizer 103, the light transmission axis of the first polarizer 101 is parallel to the y-axis direction (horizontal direction), and the light transmission axis of the third polarizer 103 is parallel to the y-axis direction (horizontal direction).
  • the x-axis is parallel, and the x-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis.
  • the display panel 102 is a conventional display panel, and cooperates with the first polarizer 101 and the third polarizer 103 to realize display, which will not be described in detail here.
  • the dimming device 20 has a first state and a second state.
  • the dimming device 20 is in the first state.
  • the dimming device 20 is in the second state.
  • the dimming device 20 includes a first substrate 201 , a second substrate 202 , a first electrode layer 204 , a second electrode layer 205 , a dimming layer 203 , a first alignment layer 206 , a second alignment layer 207 and a second polarizer 208 .
  • the first substrate 201 is disposed on the side of the first polarizer 101 away from the display panel 102
  • the second substrate 202 is located on the side of the first substrate 201 away from the display panel 102
  • the first substrate 201 and the second The substrate 202 is oppositely arranged.
  • Both the first substrate 201 and the second substrate 202 are glass substrates. It can be understood that both the first substrate 201 and the second substrate 202 may also be polymer substrates, such as polyimide substrates.
  • the second polarizer 208 is located on a side of the second substrate 202 away from the first substrate 201 .
  • the light transmission axis of the second polarizer 208 is parallel to the light transmission axis of the first polarizer 101, that is, the light transmission axis of the second polarizer 208 is also parallel to the y-axis direction, and the second polarizer 208 is attached to the second substrate 202 superior.
  • the first polarizer 101 can also be used as a part of the dimming device 20 and attached on the first substrate 201 .
  • the dimming layer 203 is filled between the first substrate 201 and the second substrate 202, therefore, the dimming layer 203 is also disposed on the light emitting side of the display panel 102, and the second polarizer 208 is located on the dimming layer 203 is away from the side of the first polarizer 101 .
  • the dimming layer 203 has at least one first region 203a1 and at least one second region 203a2 alternately arranged in a first direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the dimming layer 203 .
  • the number of the first region 203a1 and the second region 203a2 are multiple, the first direction is the y-axis direction, the thickness direction of the dimming layer 203 is the z-axis direction, and the z-axis direction is related to the y-axis direction and the x-axis direction are vertical, the multiple first regions 203a1 and the multiple second regions 203a2 are arranged alternately in the y-axis direction, and the first regions 203a1 and the second regions 203a2 have the same size in the first direction.
  • the dimming layer 203 includes a first polymer network liquid crystal and a second polymer network liquid crystal, the first polymer network liquid crystal is disposed in the first region 203a1 of the dimming layer 203, and the second polymer network liquid crystal is disposed In the second region 203a2 of the dimming layer 203, the first polymer network liquid crystal includes a first polymer network 2031 arranged along the second direction w1 and liquid crystal molecules 2033 distributed in the first polymer network 2031, and the second polymer network The network includes a second polymer network 2032 arranged along the third direction w2 and liquid crystal molecules 2033 distributed in the second polymer network 2032, the second direction w1 and the third direction w2 are both relative to the normal of the first polarizer 101 Tilting, the third direction w2 and the second direction w1 point to opposite sides of the normal line of the first polarizer 101 respectively, and the third direction w2 and the second direction w1 are both parallel to the definition defined by the first direction and the
  • the angle between the second direction w1 and the normal direction of the first polarizer 101 is 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees, 50 degrees, 60 degrees, 70 degrees or 80 degrees, and the angle between the third direction w2 and the first
  • the included angle between the normal directions of the polarizer 101 is 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees, 50 degrees, 60 degrees, 70 degrees or 80 degrees.
  • angles between the third direction w2 and the second direction w1 and the plane defined by the first direction and the thickness direction of the dimming layer are greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees, for example, 30 degrees and 40 degrees , 50 degrees or 60 degrees.
  • the first polymer network 2031 disposed along the second direction w1 in a first region 203a1 The second polymer network 2032 arranged along the third direction w2 in an adjacent second region 203a2 is inclined toward each other, and the first polymer network 2031 arranged along the second direction w1 in the first region 203a1 is opposite to the other.
  • the second polymer network 2032 disposed along the third direction w2 in the adjacent second region 203a2 is inclined backwards.
  • first polymer network 2031 and the second polymer network 2032 are tilted toward each other, which means that when the first polymer network 2031 is tilted to the side close to the second polymer network 2032, the second polymer network 2032 is also tilted to the side close to the second polymer network 2032.
  • the inclination of one side of the polymer network 2031; the first polymer network 2031 and the second polymer network 2032 are tilted backwards when the first polymer network 2031 is inclined to the side away from the second polymer network 2032,
  • the second polymer network 2032 is also inclined to the side away from the first polymer network 2031 .
  • one of the first electrode layer 204 and the second electrode layer 205 is located between the first polarizer 101 and the dimming layer 203, and the other of the first electrode layer 204 and the second electrode layer 205 The latter is located between the second polarizer 208 and the light-adjusting layer 203 .
  • Both the first electrode layer 204 and the second electrode layer 205 are made of indium tin oxide.
  • the first electrode layer 204 includes a plurality of first electrodes 2041 arranged at intervals and arranged along the first direction, there is a gap 204a between two adjacent first electrodes 2041, and one first electrode 2041 corresponds to an adjacent one.
  • the first region 203a1 and one second region 203a2 are opposite to each other between the first polymer network 2031 arranged along the second direction w1 and the second polymer network 2032 arranged along the third direction w2 corresponding to a first electrode 2041 Inclined, the first polymer network 2031 and the second polymer network 2032 respectively corresponding to the two adjacent first electrodes 2041 are inclined towards the gap 204a between the two first electrodes 2041 and are inclined towards each other, in the first
  • the size of the gap 204 a between any two adjacent first electrodes 2041 in the direction is smaller than the size of one first electrode 2041 .
  • the second electrode layer 205 is disposed opposite to the first electrode layer 204 , and the second electrode layer 205 is an entire surface electrode.
  • the first electrode layer 204 is located between the first polarizer 101 and the dimming layer 203, the first electrode layer 204 is disposed on the first substrate 201 and located between the first substrate 201 and the dimming layer 203, the second The electrode layer 205 is located between the second polarizer 208 and the dimming layer 203 , and the second electrode layer 205 is disposed on the second substrate 202 and located between the second substrate 202 and the dimming layer 203 .
  • the first electrode layer 204 and the second electrode layer 205 are used to apply a voltage to the dimming layer 203, so that at least some of the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules 2033 distributed in the first polymer network 2031 Switch between the arrangement along the second direction w1 and the arrangement along the fourth direction, and switch the long axes of at least part of the liquid crystal molecules distributed in the second polymer network 2032 between the arrangement along the third direction w2 and the arrangement along the fifth direction.
  • the dimming device 20 when the display device 100 is in the first display mode, the dimming device 20 is in the first state, and the voltage difference between the first electrode layer 204 and the second electrode layer 205 is smaller than the preset Set the threshold.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 2033 distributed in the first polymer network 2031 are only subjected to the orientation force of the first polymer network 2031, so that the liquid crystal molecules 2033 distributed in the first polymer network 2031
  • the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules 2033 are arranged along the second direction w1, and at this time, since the second direction w1 is parallel to the plane defined by the first direction and the thickness direction of the dimming layer, the liquid crystals distributed in the first polymer network 2031
  • the orthographic projection of the long axis of the molecule 2033 on the first polarizer 101 is parallel to the light transmission axis of the first polarizer 101; meanwhile, the liquid crystal molecules 2033 distributed in the second polymer network
  • the liquid crystal molecules 2033 corresponding to one first electrode 2041 and whose major axes are arranged along the third direction w2 are facing away from the liquid crystal molecules 2033 whose major axes are arranged along the second direction w1.
  • Tilting that is, the liquid crystal molecules 2033 whose long axis is arranged along the third direction w2 are inclined away from the liquid crystal molecules 2033 whose long axis is arranged along the second direction w1, and the liquid crystal molecules 2033 whose long axis is arranged along the second direction w1 are inclined away from the long axis
  • the direction of the liquid crystal molecules 2033 arranged along the third direction w2 is inclined; while the liquid crystal molecules 2033 arranged corresponding to two adjacent first electrodes 2041 and whose long axes are arranged along the second direction w1 are the same as those whose long axes are arranged along the third direction w2
  • the liquid crystal molecules 2033 are inclined towards each other, that is, the liquid crystal molecules 2033 whose long axes are arranged along the second direction w1 are inclined toward the gap 204a close to the first region 203a1, and the liquid crystal molecules 2033 whose long axes are arranged along the third direction w2 are inclined toward the second region 203a
  • the difference between the angle between the second direction w1 and the normal of the first polarizer 101 and the angle between the third direction w2 and the normal of the first polarizer 101 is less than or equal to 10 degree, so as to further improve the difference of anti-peeping effects at different positions of the display device in the first direction.
  • the difference between the angle between the second direction w1 and the normal of the first polarizer 101 and the angle between the third direction w2 and the normal of the first polarizer 101 is 8 degrees, 7 degrees, 6 degrees. degrees, 5 degrees, 4 degrees, 2 degrees and 1 degree etc.
  • the second direction w1 and the third direction w2 are symmetrical with respect to the normal line of the first polarizer 101, that is, the angle between the second direction w1 and the normal line of the first polarizer 101 and the angle between the third direction w2 and the first
  • the included angles between the normal lines of the polarizer 101 are equal or tend to be equal, so that the anti-peeping effects at different positions of the display device in the first direction are consistent.
  • the propagation direction of the first light L1 emitted from the first polarizer 101 of the display module 10 is parallel to the normal line of the first polarizer 101
  • the polarization direction of the first light L1 is parallel to the normal line of the first polarizer 101 .
  • the transmission axis of the first polarizer 101 is parallel, the polarization direction of the first light L1 only passes through the long axis of the liquid crystal molecule 2033, and the light-adjusting layer 203 does not perform phase adjustment processing on the first light L1, and the first light L1 passes through the light-adjusting layer After 203, there will be no phase difference, the polarization direction of the first light L1 after passing through the dimming layer 203 is still parallel to the y-axis direction, and the first light L1 passes through the light transmission axis of the second polarizer 208, thereby ensuring that the display device 100 Normal display showing face normal direction (orthogonal viewing angle).
  • the propagation direction of the second light L2 emitted from the first polarizer 101 of the display module 10 is inclined relative to the normal (z-axis direction) of the first polarizer 101, and the second light L2 is in the xOz plane, the second The polarization direction of the light L2 is parallel to the transmission axis of the first polarizer 101 and has a certain angle with the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 2033.
  • the light-adjusting layer 203 performs phase adjustment processing on the second light L2, so that the second light The polarization direction of L2 is deflected to become the third ray L3.
  • the third ray L3 is blocked by the second polarizer 208.
  • the polarization direction of the third ray L3 is consistent with the y-axis and x
  • part of the third light L3 is blocked by the second polarizer 208 and partially passes through the second polarizer 208, that is, the second light L2 or the part of the second light L2 whose polarization direction has been adjusted is the second polarized light Sheet 208 occludes, resulting in the transmittance of light in the xOz plane and the propagation direction deviating from the normal direction of the first polarizer 101 is small, and the anti-peeping effect of the display device 100 on the x-axis direction and deviating from the normal viewing angle is the best .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a comparative display device
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the display device shown in FIG. 6 viewed from different positions in the y-axis direction.
  • the display device 200 shown in FIG. Basically similar to the display device shown in FIG. 1 , the difference is that when the display device 200 is in the first display mode, the dimming layer includes a monodomain liquid crystal layer.
  • the liquid crystal molecules have birefringence, in the first direction (y axis direction)
  • the liquid crystal molecules observed at the above three different positions are inconsistent, and correspondingly, the phase regulation effect of the light-adjusting layer is also inconsistent, and the anti-peeping effect at different positions in the first direction and deviated from the normal viewing angle in the x-axis direction is gradually attenuated; while in this In the embodiment of the application, as shown in FIG.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 2033 whose long axes are arranged along the second direction w1 and the liquid crystal molecules whose long axes are arranged along the third direction w2 in the dimming layer 203 2033 is arranged symmetrically with respect to the normal line of the first polarizer 101, and the birefringence effect of the liquid crystal molecules 2033 observed at different positions in the first direction is consistent, and correspondingly, the phase compensation effect of the light-adjusting layer 203 at different positions in the first direction Consistent, the liquid crystal molecules 2033 in the dimming layer 203 have a good self-compensation effect, so that the anti-peeping effect of the display device at different positions in the first direction and deviated from the normal viewing angle in the x-axis direction is consistent, and the display device 100 of this embodiment has better anti-peep effect.
  • the display device is rectangular, and the first direction is the length direction of the display device of this embodiment, then in the width direction of the display device of this embodiment and in the direction deviating from the normal viewing angle, there is a good anti-peeping effect.
  • the anti-peeping effects at different positions in the length direction of the utility model are consistent.
  • the first direction may also be the width direction of the display device.
  • the display device of this embodiment has a good anti-peeping effect in the length direction of the display device and in a direction deviating from the normal viewing angle. The anti-peep effect at different positions in the direction is consistent.
  • the dimming device 20 when the display device 100 is in the second display mode, the dimming device 20 is in the second state, and the voltage difference between the first electrode layer 204 and the second electrode layer 205 is greater than or When equal to the preset threshold, the electric field corresponding to the voltage between the first electrode layer 204 and the second electrode layer 205 will exert an electric field force on the liquid crystal molecules 2033 in the dimming layer 203 .
  • the display device 100 when the display device 100 is in the second display mode, at least part of the liquid crystal molecules 2033 distributed in the first polymer network 2031 are more affected by the electric field force than the first polymer network 2031 because they are located far away from the first polymer network 2031.
  • the orientation effect of the network 2031, the long axes of at least part of the liquid crystal molecules 2033 distributed in the first polymer network 2031 are deflected from being arranged along the second direction w1 to being arranged along the fourth direction under the action of the electric field force, and the fourth direction is the same as the first direction
  • the two directions w1 and the third direction w2 are different, and other small amount of liquid crystal molecules 2033 distributed in the first polymer network 2031 and closer to the first polymer network 2031 are stronger than the electric field force due to the orientation effect of the first polymer network 2031
  • the long axis of this small amount of liquid crystal molecules 2033 is still arranged along the second direction w1; at the same time, they are distributed in the second polymer network 2032 and are subjected to an electric field force due to being far away from the second polymer network 2032
  • the effect is greater than the orientation effect of the second polymer network 2032, and the long axis of at least part of the liquid crystal molecules 2033 distributed in the second poly
  • the fifth direction is different from the second direction w1 and the third direction w2, and other small amount of liquid crystal molecules 2033 distributed in the second polymer network 2032 and close to the second polymer network 2032 are due to the second polymer network
  • the orientation effect of 2032 is greater than that of the electric field force without deflection, and the long axes of the small amount of liquid crystal molecules 2033 are still arranged along the third direction w2.
  • the dimming layer 203 includes a small amount of liquid crystal molecules 2033 close to the first polymer network 2031 and whose long axis is arranged along the second direction w1, close to the second polymer network 2032 and whose long axis A small amount of liquid crystal molecules 2033 arranged along the third direction w2, a large number of liquid crystal molecules 2033 arranged away from the first polymer network 2031 and whose long axis is along the fourth direction, and a large number of liquid crystal molecules 2033 far away from the second polymer network 2032 and whose long axis is arranged along the fifth direction Liquid crystal molecules 2033, the light adjusting layer 203 does not adjust the phase of the light passing through it, the refractive index of the light adjusting layer 203 has inhomogeneity, and the light adjusting layer 203 scatters the light passing through it, so that the display device 100 emits The light has a diffusion effect, and the display device 100 can provide a better wide viewing angle display effect
  • the fourth direction is the same as the fifth direction, and the fourth direction is parallel or perpendicular to the normal of the first polarizer 101 .
  • the fourth direction is parallel to the normal of the first polarizer 101 , that is, the fourth direction is a vertical direction (parallel to the z-axis).
  • the fourth direction is perpendicular to the normal of the first polarizer 101 , that is, the fourth direction is the horizontal direction (perpendicular to the z-axis). It can be understood that the fourth direction and the fifth direction may also be different.
  • the first alignment layer 206 is disposed on the surface of the first electrode layer 204 close to the second substrate 202
  • the second alignment layer 207 is disposed on the surface of the second electrode layer 205 close to the first substrate 201 .
  • the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules 2033 distributed in the first polymer network 2031 are arranged along the second direction w1 after passing through the first alignment layer 206 and the second alignment layer 207, and the liquid crystal molecules 2033 distributed in the second polymer network 2032 After being aligned by the first alignment layer 206 and the second alignment layer 207 , the long axis is arranged along the third direction w2.
  • the backlight module 30 is a collimated backlight, and the collimated backlight is located on a side of the third polarizer 103 away from the display panel 102 .
  • the backlight module 30 provides a collimated backlight for the display panel 102 .
  • FIG. 5 it is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device according to a second embodiment of the present application.
  • the display device shown in FIG. 5 is basically similar to the display device shown in FIG. 1 , the difference is that the dimming device 20 further includes at least one third electrode 209, and at least one third electrode 209 is arranged on the first substrate 201 close to the second substrate.
  • At least one third electrode 209 is set on the same layer as the first electrode layer 204, and each third electrode 209 is set at the gap 204a between two adjacent first electrodes 2041, located between two adjacent
  • the size of the third electrode 209 between the first electrodes 2041 in the first direction (y-axis direction) is smaller than the size of the first electrode 2041 in the first direction, so that each third electrode 209 can communicate with the adjacent first electrode
  • An arc electric field is formed between 2041 to provide conditions.
  • the voltage of the third electrode 209 is independently regulated, and an oblique electric field is formed between the first electrode layer 204 and the second electrode layer 205, and each third electrode 209 is used to communicate with the adjacent third electrode layer 205.
  • An arc-shaped electric field is formed between the first electrodes 2041 to improve the driving and adjusting ability of the liquid crystal molecules 2033 , so that the angle of the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules 2033 after alignment can be adjusted.
  • the voltage applied to the third electrode 209 and the first electrode layer 204 is the same, so that a voltage is applied between the first electrode layer 204 and the second electrode layer 205 so that the liquid crystal in the dimming layer 203 While the molecules 2033 are deflected, the electric field formed between the third electrode 209 and the second electrode layer 205 can also drive the liquid crystal molecules 2033 in the dimming layer 203 to deflect, further ensuring that the liquid crystal molecules 2033 can be deflected to target state.
  • the preparation materials of the first polymer network 2031 and the second polymer network 2032 include polymer monomers, and before the liquid crystal molecules 2033 are aligned, the polymer monomers and the liquid crystal molecules 2033 form a mixture.
  • the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 2033 in the mixture is formed between the first electrode layer 204 and the second electrode layer 205 and the oblique electric field formed between the first electrode layer 204 and the third electrode 209 Under the joint action of the arc-shaped electric field, they are respectively arranged along the second direction w1 and the third direction w2.
  • the polymer monomers in the mixture move along the second direction w1 and the third direction w2.
  • the third direction w2 is set, and after being cured by ultraviolet light, the first polymer network 2031 set along the second direction w1 and the second polymer network 2032 set along the third direction w2 are formed, and the first polymer network 2032 set along the second direction w1 is formed.
  • the polymer network 2031 and the liquid crystal molecules 2033 distributed in the first polymer network 2031 form the first polymer network liquid crystal, the second polymer network 2032 arranged along the third direction w2 and the liquid crystal molecules distributed in the second polymer network 2032
  • the liquid crystal molecules 2033 constitute the second polymer network liquid crystal.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种调光装置及显示装置，调光层位于透光轴彼此平行的第一偏光片和第二偏光片之间，显示装置处于第一显示模式时，分布于第一聚合物网络中液晶分子的长轴沿第二方向设置，分布于第二聚合物网络中液晶分子的长轴沿第三方向设置，第三方向与第二方向分别指向第一偏光片的法线的相对两侧。

Description

调光装置及显示装置 技术领域
本申请涉及显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种调光装置及显示装置。
 背景技术
在快速发展的信息时代，人们开始越来越注重个人信息的保护，因此，具有防窥功能的显示器应运而生，这类显示器可以仅让正视角的用户具有显示内容可读性，而对在侧面的旁观者则无法看见显示内容，有效保护了用户的信息隐私性。
因此，有必要提出一种技术方案以实现显示装置的防窥功能。
 技术问题
本申请的目的在于提供一种调光装置及显示装置，以保证显示装置在正视角上正常显示的同时，减小不同位置上的防窥效果差异，更好地实现防窥效果。
 技术解决方案
一种显示装置，所述显示装置包括：
显示面板；
第一偏光片，位于所述显示面板的出光侧；
调光层，设置于第一偏光片远离所述显示面板的一侧，所述调光层具有沿第一方向上交替设置的至少一个第一区域和至少一个第二区域，所述第一方向与所述调光层的厚度方向垂直，所述调光层包括：
第一聚合物网络液晶，位于所述调光层的所述第一区域，且包括沿第二方向设置的第一聚合物网络和分布于所述第一聚合物网络中的液晶分子，所述第二方向相对于所述第一偏光片的法线倾斜；以及
第二聚合物网络液晶，位于所述调光层的所述第二区域，且包括沿第三方向设置的第二聚合物网络和分布于所述第二聚合物网络中的液晶分子，所述第三方向相对于所述第一偏光片的法线倾斜，且所述第三方向与所述第二方向分别指向所述第一偏光片的法线的相对两侧；以及
第二偏光片，位于所述调光层远离所述第一偏光片的一侧，所述第二偏光片的透光轴与所述第一偏光片的透光轴平行；
其中，当所述显示装置处于第一显示模式时，分布于所述第一聚合物网络中的所述液晶分子的长轴沿所述第二方向设置，分布于所述第二聚合物网络中的所述液晶分子的长轴沿所述第三方向设置。
一种调光装置，所述调光装置具有第一状态，所述调光装置包括：
第一偏光片；
调光层，设置于所述第一偏光片的一侧，所述调光层具有沿第一方向上交替设置的至少一个第一区域和至少一个第二区域，所述第一方向与所述调光层的厚度方向垂直，所述调光层包括：
第一聚合物网络液晶，位于所述调光层的所述第一区域，且包括沿第二方向设置的第一聚合物网络和分布于所述第一聚合物网络中的液晶分子，所述第二方向相对于所述第一偏光片的法线倾斜；以及
第二聚合物网络液晶，位于所述调光层的所述第二区域，且包括沿第三方向设置的第二聚合物网络和分布于所述第二聚合物网络中的液晶分子，所述第三方向相对于所述第一偏光片的法线倾斜，且所述第三方向与所述第二方向分别指向所述第一偏光片的法线的相对两侧；以及
第二偏光片，位于所述调光层远离所述第一偏光片的一侧，所述第二偏光片的透光轴与所述第一偏光片的透光轴平行；
其中，当所述调光装置处于第一状态时，分布于所述第一聚合物网络中的所述液晶分子的长轴沿所述第二方向设置，分布于所述第二聚合物网络中的所述液晶分子的长轴沿所述第三方向设置。
 有益效果
本申请提供一种调光装置及显示装置，通过调光层位于透光轴彼此平行的第一偏光片和第二偏光片之间，显示装置处于第一显示模式时，分布于第一聚合物网络中液晶分子的长轴沿第二方向设置，分布于第二聚合物网络中液晶分子的长轴沿第三方向设置，第三方向与第二方向分别指向第一偏光片的法线的相对两侧，使得调光层对传播方向偏离于第一偏光片与第二偏光片的法线方向的光进行相位调节，而调光层对传播方向与第一偏光片与第二偏光片的法线方向平行的光不进行相位调节，导致传播方向偏离于第一偏光片与第二偏光片的法线方向的光经过相位调节后至少部分为第二偏光片拦截，而传播方向与第一偏光片与第二偏光片的法线方向平行的光穿过第二偏光片，保证正视角的正常显示。另外，由于位于第一区域的液晶分子的长轴沿第二方向设置与位于第二区域的液晶分子的长轴沿第三方向设置，第二方向与第三方向分别指向第一偏光片的法线的相对两侧，使得调光层具有自补偿作用，改善在不同位置的防窥效果差异。
 附图说明
图1为本申请第一实施例显示装置处于第一显示模式时的截面示意图；
图2为在y轴方向从不同位置观看图1所示显示装置中调光层的示意图；
图3为本申请第一实施例显示装置处于第二显示模式时的第一种截面示意图；
图4为本申请第一实施例显示装置处于第二显示模式时的第二种截面示意图；
图5为本申请第二实施例显示装置处于第一显示模式时的截面示意图；
图6为对比例显示装置的截面示意图；
图7为在y轴方向上从不同位置观看图6所示显示装置的示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
如图1-图4所示，本申请提供一种显示装置100，显示装置100为液晶显示装置。显示装置100具有第一显示模式和第二显示模式，第一显示模式的可视视角小于第二显示模式的可视视角，第一显示模式为窄视角对应的防窥模式，第二显示模式为宽视角对应的正常模式或者分享模式。显示装置100包括显示模组10、调光装置20以及背光模组30，显示模组10位于调光装置20与背光模组30之间。
在本实施例中，显示模组10包括第一偏光片101、显示面板102及第三偏光片103，显示面板102位于第一偏光片101与第三偏光片103之间，第一偏光片101位于显示面板102的出光侧，第三偏光片103位于显示面板102的入光侧，第一偏光片101和第三偏光片103分别贴附于显示面板102的相对两侧。第一偏光片101的透光轴与第三偏光片103的透光轴垂直，第一偏光片101的透光轴与y轴方向（水平方向）平行，第三偏光片103的透光轴与x轴平行，x轴与y轴垂直。显示面板102为常规显示面板，配合第一偏光片101与第三偏光片103实现显示，此处不做详述。
在本实施例中，调光装置20具有第一状态和第二状态。当显示装置100处于第一显示模式时，调光装置20处于第一状态。当显示装置100处于第二显示模式时，调光装置20处于第二状态。调光装置20包括第一基板201、第二基板202、第一电极层204、第二电极层205、调光层203、第一配向层206、第二配向层207以及第二偏光片208。
在本实施例中，第一基板201设置于第一偏光片101远离显示面板102的一侧，第二基板202位于第一基板201远离显示面板102的一侧，且第一基板201与第二基板202相对设置。第一基板201与第二基板202均为玻璃基板。可以理解的是，第一基板201与第二基板202也可以均为聚合物基板，例如聚酰亚胺基板。
在本实施例中，第二偏光片208位于第二基板202远离第一基板201的一侧。第二偏光片208的透光轴与第一偏光片101的透光轴平行，即第二偏光片208的透光轴也与y轴方向平行，第二偏光片208贴附于第二基板202上。可以理解的是，第一偏光片101也可以作为调光装置20的一部分且贴附于第一基板201上。
在本实施例中，调光层203填充于第一基板201与第二基板202之间，因此，调光层203也设置于显示面板102的出光侧，且第二偏光片208位于调光层203远离第一偏光片101的一侧。调光层203具有在第一方向上交替设置的至少一个第一区域203a1和至少一个第二区域203a2，第一方向与调光层203的厚度方向垂直。
具体地，第一区域203a1与第二区域203a2的数目均为多个，第一方向为y轴方向，调光层203的厚度方向为z轴方向，z轴方向与y轴方向以及x轴方向均垂直，多个第一区域203a1与多个第二区域203a2在y轴方向上交替地设置，第一区域203a1与第二区域203a2在第一方向上的尺寸相同。
在本实施例中，调光层203包括第一聚合物网络液晶和第二聚合物网络液晶，第一聚合物网络液晶设置于调光层203的第一区域203a1，第二聚合物网络液晶设置于调光层203的第二区域203a2，第一聚合物网络液晶包括沿第二方向w1设置的第一聚合物网络2031和分布于第一聚合物网络2031中的液晶分子2033，第二聚合物网络包括沿第三方向w2设置的第二聚合物网络2032和分布于第二聚合物网络2032中的液晶分子2033，第二方向w1与第三方向w2均相对于第一偏光片101的法线倾斜，第三方向w2与第二方向w1分别指向第一偏光片101的法线的相对两侧，第三方向w2和第二方向w1均平行于第一方向与调光层的厚度方向所定义的平面zOy，第一偏光片101的法线与z轴方向平行且指向z轴方向，第二方向w1与第一偏光片101的法线方向之间的夹角大于0度且小于90度，且第三方向w2与第一偏光片101的法线方向之间的夹角大于0度且小于90度。例如，第二方向w1与第一偏光片101的法线方向之间的夹角为20度、30度、40度、50度、60度、70度或者80度，第三方向w2与第一偏光片101的法线方向之间的夹角为20度、30度、40度、50度、60度、70度或者80度。
可以理解的是，第三方向w2和第二方向w1分别与第一方向与调光层的厚度方向所定义的平面之间的夹角大于0度且小于90度，例如为30度、40度、50度或者60度。
需要说明的是，由于第三方向w2与第二方向w1分别指向第一偏光片101的法线的相对两侧，位于一个第一区域203a1中沿第二方向w1设置的第一聚合物网络2031与一个相邻第二区域203a2中沿第三方向w2设置的第二聚合物网络2032之间相向倾斜，该第一区域203a1中沿第二方向w1设置的第一聚合物网络2031与另一个相邻第二区域203a2中沿第三方向w2设置的第二聚合物网络2032背向倾斜。其中，第一聚合物网络2031与第二聚合物网络2032相向倾斜是指第一聚合物网络2031向靠近第二聚合物网络2032的一侧倾斜的同时，第二聚合物网络2032也向靠近第一聚合物网络2031的一侧的倾斜；第一聚合物网络2031与第二聚合物网络2032背向倾斜是指第一聚合物网络2031向远离第二聚合物网络2032的一侧倾斜的同时，第二聚合物网络2032也向远离第一聚合物网络2031的一侧的倾斜。
在本实施例中，第一电极层204与第二电极层205中的一者位于第一偏光片101与调光层203之间，第一电极层204与第二电极层205中的另一者位于第二偏光片208与调光层203之间。第一电极层204与第二电极层205的制备材料均为氧化铟锡。
其中，第一电极层204包括多个间隔设置且沿第一方向排布的第一电极2041，相邻两个第一电极2041之间具有间隙204a，一个第一电极2041对应于相邻的一个第一区域203a1与一个第二区域203a2，对应一个第一电极2041设置且沿第二方向w1设置的第一聚合物网络2031与沿第三方向w2设置的第二聚合物网络2032之间背向倾斜，分别对应两个相邻第一电极2041设置的第一聚合物网络2031与第二聚合物网络2032向两个第一电极2041之间的间隙204a倾斜且彼此之间相向倾斜，在第一方向上任意相邻两个第一电极2041之间间隙204a的尺寸小于一个第一电极2041的尺寸。第二电极层205与第一电极层204相对设置，第二电极层205为整面的电极。
具体地，第一电极层204位于第一偏光片101与调光层203之间，第一电极层204设置于第一基板201上且位于第一基板201与调光层203之间，第二电极层205位于第二偏光片208与调光层203之间，第二电极层205设置于第二基板202上且位于第二基板202与调光层203之间。
在本实施例中，第一电极层204与第二电极层205用于向调光层203加载电压，以使分布于第一聚合物网络2031中的至少部分液晶分子2033的长轴在沿第二方向w1设置和沿第四方向设置之间切换，且使分布于第二聚合物网络2032中的至少部分液晶分子的长轴在沿第三方向w2设置和沿第五方向设置之间切换。
在本实施例中，如图1所示，当显示装置100处于第一显示模式时，调光装置20处于第一状态，第一电极层204与第二电极层205之间的电压差小于预设阈值。
具体地，当显示装置100处于第一显示模式时，第一电极层204与第二电极层205均未加载电压，第一电极层204与第二电极层205之间的电压对应的电场不会对调光层203中的液晶分子2033施加电场力，分布于第一聚合物网络2031的液晶分子2033只受第一聚合物网络2031的定向作用力，使得分布于第一聚合物网络2031中的液晶分子2033的长轴沿第二方向w1设置，且此时由于第二方向w1均平行于第一方向与调光层的厚度方向所定义的平面使得分布于第一聚合物网络2031中的液晶分子2033的长轴在第一偏光片101上的正投影与第一偏光片101的透光轴平行；与此同时，分布于第二聚合物网络2032中的液晶分子2033只受第二聚合物网络2032的定向作用力，使得分布于第二聚合物网络2032中的液晶分子2033的长轴沿第三方向w2设置，且此时由于第三方向w2均平行于第一方向与调光层的厚度方向所定义的平面使得分布于第二聚合物网络2032中的液晶分子2033的长轴在第一偏光片101上的正投影与第一偏光片101的透光轴平行。
因此，当显示装置100处于第一显示模式时，对应一个第一电极2041设置且长轴沿第三方向w2设置的液晶分子2033与长轴沿第二方向w1设置的液晶分子2033之间背向倾斜，即长轴沿第三方向w2设置的液晶分子2033向远离长轴沿第二方向w1设置的液晶分子2033的方向倾斜，且长轴沿第二方向w1设置的液晶分子2033向远离长轴沿第三方向w2设置的液晶分子2033的方向倾斜；而分别对应两个相邻的第一电极2041设置且长轴沿第二方向w1设置的液晶分子2033与长轴沿第三方向w2设置的液晶分子2033之间相向倾斜，即长轴沿第二方向w1设置的液晶分子2033向靠近第一区域203a1的间隙204a倾斜，长轴沿第三方向w2设置的液晶分子2033向靠近第二区域203a2的间隙204a倾斜，从而使得长轴沿第二方向w1设置的液晶分子2033与长轴沿第三方向w2设置的液晶分子2033组成形成双畴液晶层，从而保证显示装置100显示面法线方向（正视角）的正常显示的同时，改善显示装置在第一方向上不同位置的防窥效果差异性。
在本实施例中，第二方向w1和第一偏光片101的法线之间的夹角与第三方向w2和第一偏光片101的法线之间的夹角的差值小于或等于10度，以进一步地改善显示装置在第一方向上不同位置的防窥效果差异性。例如，第二方向w1和第一偏光片101的法线之间的夹角与第三方向w2和第一偏光片101的法线之间的夹角的差值为8度、7度、6度、5度、4度、2度以及1度等。
进一步地，第二方向w1与第三方向w2关于第一偏光片101的法线对称，即第二方向w1与第一偏光片101的法线之间的夹角与第三方向w2与第一偏光片101的法线之间的夹角相等或趋于相等，使显示装置在第一方向上不同位置的防窥效果具有一致性。
需要说明的是，如图1所示，从显示模组10的第一偏光片101出射的第一光线L1的传播方向与第一偏光片101的法线平行，第一光线L1的偏振方向与第一偏光片101的透光轴平行，第一光线L1的偏振方向只通过液晶分子2033的长轴，调光层203没有对第一光线L1进行相位调节处理，第一光线L1经过调光层203后也不会产生相位差，第一光线L1经过调光层203后的偏振方向仍然与y轴方向平行，第一光线L1穿过第二偏光片208的透光轴，从而保证显示装置100显示面法线方向（正视角）的正常显示。从显示模组10的第一偏光片101出射的第二光线L2的传播方向相对于第一偏光片101的法线（z轴方向）倾斜，且第二光线L2是在xOz平面内，第二光线L2的偏振方向与第一偏光片101的透光轴平行且与液晶分子2033的长轴之间具有一定的夹角，调光层203对第二光线L2进行相位调节处理，使得第二光线L2的偏振方向发生偏转，变为第三光线L3，第三光线L3的偏振方向与y轴垂直时第三光线L3为第二偏光片208遮挡，第三光线L3的偏振方向与y轴以及x轴均呈一定角度时第三光线L3的部分为第二偏光片208遮挡且部分穿过第二偏光片208，即偏振方向经过调节的第二光线L2或者第二光线L2的部分为第二偏光片208遮挡，导致在xOz平面内且传播方向偏离第一偏光片101的法线方向上的光的穿透率较小，显示装置100在x轴方向上且偏离正视角的防窥效果最佳。
另外，如图6及图7所示，图6为对比例显示装置的截面示意图，图7为在y轴方向上从不同位置观看图6所示显示装置的示意图，图6所示显示装置200与图1所示显示装置基本相似，不同之处在于，显示装置200处于第一显示模式时调光层包括单畴液晶层，由于液晶分子具有双折射率，在第一方向（y轴方向）上三个不同的位置观察的液晶分子不一致，对应地，调光层的相位调控作用也不一致，在第一方向上不同位置且于x轴方向偏离正视角的防窥效果逐渐衰减；而在本申请实施例中，如图2所示，显示装置处于第一显示模式时，由于调光层203中长轴沿第二方向w1设置的液晶分子2033和长轴沿第三方向w2设置的液晶分子2033关于第一偏光片101的法线对称设置，在第一方向上的不同位置观测到液晶分子2033的双折射效果一致，对应地，在第一方向上不同位置调光层203的相位补偿作用一致，调光层203中液晶分子2033具有良好的自补偿作用，使得显示装置在第一方向上不同位置且于x轴方向偏离正视角的防窥效果一致，本实施例显示装置100具有更好的防窥效果。
此外，结合图2和图7可知，第三方向w2与第二方向w1分别指向第一偏光片101的法线的相对两侧时，有利于在第一方向上防窥效果的差异性得到改善，且第二方向w1和第一偏光片101的法线之间的夹角与第三方向w2和第一偏光片101的法线之间的夹角的差值越小，则在第一方向上不同位置且于x轴方向偏离正视角的防窥效果差异性越小，第二方向w1与第三方向w2关于第一偏光片101的法线对称时，在第一方向上不同位置且于x轴方向偏离正视角的防窥效果一致性最佳。
若显示装置为矩形，以第一方向为本实施例显示装置的长度方向，则在本实施例显示装置的宽度方向上且偏离正视角的方向上具有良好的防窥效果，显示装置在显示装置的长度方向上不同位置的防窥效果具有一致性。可以理解的是，第一方向也可以为显示装置的宽度方向，此时，本实施例显示装置在显示装置的长度方向上且偏离正视角的方向上具有良好的防窥效果，显示装置在宽度方向上不同位置的防窥效果具有一致性。
在本实施例中，如图3所示，当显示装置100处于第二显示模式时，调光装置20处于第二状态，第一电极层204与第二电极层205之间的电压差大于或等于预设阈值时，第一电极层204与第二电极层205之间的电压对应的电场会对调光层203中的液晶分子2033施加电场力。
具体地，当显示装置100处于第二显示模式时，分布于第一聚合物网络2031中的至少部分液晶分子2033由于远离第一聚合物网络2031设置而受电场力的作用大于受第一聚合物网络2031的定向作用，该分布于第一聚合物网络2031中的至少部分液晶分子2033的长轴在电场力作用下从沿第二方向w1设置偏转至沿第四方向设置，第四方向与第二方向w1与第三方向w2均不同，其他分布于第一聚合物网络2031中且距离第一聚合物网络2031较近的少量液晶分子2033由于第一聚合物网络2031的定向作用大于受电场力的作用而不发生偏转，此少量液晶分子2033的长轴仍然沿第二方向w1设置；与此同时，分布于第二聚合物网络2032中且由于远离第二聚合物网络2032设置而受电场力的作用大于受第二聚合物网络2032的定向作用，该分布于第二聚合物网络2032中的至少部分液晶分子2033的长轴在电场力作用下从沿第三方向w2设置偏转至沿第五方向设置，第五方向与第二方向w1与第三方向w2均不同，其他分布于第二聚合物网络2032中且距离第二聚合物网络2032较近的少量液晶分子2033由于第二聚合物网络2032的定向作用大于受电场力的作用而不发生偏转，此少量液晶分子2033的长轴仍然沿第三方向w2设置。
因此，当显示装置100处于第二显示模式时，调光层203包括靠近第一聚合物网络2031且长轴沿第二方向w1设置的少量液晶分子2033、靠近第二聚合物网络2032且长轴沿第三方向w2设置的少量液晶分子2033、远离第一聚合物网络2031且长轴沿第四方向设置的大量液晶分子2033以及远离第二聚合物网络2032且长轴沿第五方向设置的大量液晶分子2033，调光层203对穿过其的光不进行相位调节，调光层203的折射率具有不均一性，调光层203对穿过其的光进行散射处理，使得显示装置100发出的光具有扩散效果，显示装置100在第二显示模式下能提供较好的广视角显示效果。
在本实施例中，第四方向与第五方向相同，第四方向与第一偏光片101的法线平行或垂直。具体地，如图3所示，液晶分子2033为正性液晶分子时，第四方向与第一偏光片101的法线平行，即第四方向为竖直方向（与z轴平行）。如图4所示，液晶分子2033为负性液晶分子时，第四方向与第一偏光片101的法线垂直，即第四方向为水平方向（与z轴垂直）。可以理解的是，第四方向与第五方向也可以不相同。
在本实施例中，第一配向层206设置于第一电极层204靠近第二基板202的表面上，第二配向层207设置于第二电极层205靠近第一基板201的表面上。分布于第一聚合物网络2031中的液晶分子2033的长轴经过第一配向层206和第二配向层207配向后沿第二方向w1设置，分布于第二聚合物网络2032中的液晶分子2033的长轴经过第一配向层206和第二配向层207配向后沿第三方向w2设置。
在本实施例中，背光模组30为准直式背光源，准直式背光源位于第三偏光片103远离显示面板102的一侧。背光模组30为显示面板102提供准直式的背光源。
如图5所示，其为本申请第二实施例显示装置的截面示意图。图5所示显示装置与图1所示显示装置基本相似，不同之处在于，调光装置20还包括至少一个第三电极209，至少一个第三电极209设置于第一基板201靠近第二基板202的表面上，至少一个第三电极209与第一电极层204同层设置，且每个第三电极209设置于相邻两个第一电极2041之间的间隙204a处，位于相邻两个第一电极2041之间的第三电极209在第一方向（y轴方向）上的尺寸小于第一电极2041在第一方向上的尺寸，以为每个第三电极209与相邻的第一电极2041之间形成弧形电场提供条件。
对液晶分子2033进行配向时，第三电极209的电压被独立地调控，第一电极层204与第二电极层205之间形成倾斜电场，配合每个第三电极209用于与相邻的第一电极2041之间形成弧形电场，提升对液晶分子2033的驱动和调节能力，使得液晶分子2033配向后的预倾角的角度具有可调节性。
另外，显示装置处于第二显示模式时，第三电极209与第一电极层204加载的电压相同，使得第一电极层204与第二电极层205之间加载电压使得调光层203中的液晶分子2033偏转的同时，第三电极209与第二电极层205之间形成的电场也能驱动调光层203中的液晶分子2033偏转，进一步地保证在第二显示模式时液晶分子2033能偏转至目标状态。
需要说明的是，第一聚合物网络2031和第二聚合物网络2032的制备材料包括聚合物单体，对液晶分子2033配向前，聚合物单体与液晶分子2033组成混合物。在液晶分子2033配向过程中，混合物中的液晶分子2033的长轴在第一电极层204和第二电极层205之间形成的倾斜电场与第一电极层204与第三电极209之间形成的弧形电场的共同作用下分别沿第二方向w1和第三方向w2设置，对应地，混合物中的聚合物单体在液晶分子2033的定向力作用下，聚合物单体沿第二方向w1和第三方向w2设置，采用紫外光固化后，形成沿第二方向w1设置的第一聚合物网络2031和沿第三方向w2设置的第二聚合物网络2032，沿第二方向w1设置的第一聚合物网络2031与分布于第一聚合物网络2031中的液晶分子2033组成第一聚合物网络液晶，沿第三方向w2设置的第二聚合物网络2032与分布于第二聚合物网络2032中的液晶分子2033组成第二聚合物网络液晶。
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请的技术方案及其核心思想；本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例的技术方案的范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种显示装置，其中，所述显示装置包括：
    显示面板；
    第一偏光片，位于所述显示面板的出光侧；
    调光层，设置于第一偏光片远离所述显示面板的一侧，所述调光层具有沿第一方向上交替设置的至少一个第一区域和至少一个第二区域，所述第一方向与所述调光层的厚度方向垂直，所述调光层包括：
    第一聚合物网络液晶，位于所述调光层的所述第一区域，且包括沿第二方向设置的第一聚合物网络和分布于所述第一聚合物网络中的液晶分子，所述第二方向相对于所述第一偏光片的法线倾斜；以及
    第二聚合物网络液晶，位于所述调光层的所述第二区域，且包括沿第三方向设置的第二聚合物网络和分布于所述第二聚合物网络中的液晶分子，所述第三方向相对于所述第一偏光片的法线倾斜，且所述第三方向与所述第二方向分别指向所述第一偏光片的法线的相对两侧；以及
    第二偏光片，位于所述调光层远离所述第一偏光片的一侧，所述第二偏光片的透光轴与所述第一偏光片的透光轴平行；
    其中，当所述显示装置处于第一显示模式时，分布于所述第一聚合物网络中的所述液晶分子的长轴沿所述第二方向设置，分布于所述第二聚合物网络中的所述液晶分子的长轴沿所述第三方向设置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其中，当所述显示装置处于第二显示模式时，分布于所述第一聚合物网络中的至少部分所述液晶分子的长轴沿第四方向设置，分布于所述第二聚合物网络中的至少部分所述液晶分子的长轴沿第五方向设置，所述第四方向与所述第二方向和所述第三方向均不同，所述第五方向与所述第二方向和所述第三方向均不同，所述第一显示模式的可视视角小于所述第二显示模式的可视视角。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的显示装置，其中，所述显示装置还包括：
    第一电极层，包括多个间隔设置且沿所述第一方向排布的第一电极，相邻两个第一电极之间具有间隙，且一个所述第一电极对应于相邻的一个所述第一区域和一个所述第二区域；以及
    第二电极层，与所述第一电极层相对设置；
    其中，所述第一电极层与第二电极层中的一者位于所述第一偏光片与所述调光层之间，所述第一电极层与第二电极层中的另一者位于所述第二偏光片与所述调光层之间；
    所述第一电极层与所述第二电极层用于向所述调光层加载电压，以使分布于所述第一聚合物网络中的至少部分所述液晶分子的长轴在沿所述第二方向设置和沿所述第四方向设置之间切换，且使分布于所述第二聚合物网络中的至少部分所述液晶分子的长轴在沿所述第三方向设置和沿所述第五方向设置之间切换。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的显示装置，其中，所述显示装置还包括：
    至少一个第三电极，与所述第一电极层同层设置，且每个所述第三电极设置于相邻两个所述第一电极之间的间隙处，所述第三电极在所述第一方向上的尺寸小于所述第一电极在所述第一方向上的尺寸。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的显示装置，其中，当所述显示装置处于所述第二显示模式时，所述第三电极与所述第一电极层加载的电压相同。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其中，所述第二方向和所述第一偏光片的法线之间的夹角与所述第三方向和所述第一偏光片的法线之间的夹角的差值小于或等于10度。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的显示装置，其中，所述第二方向与所述第三方向关于所述第一偏光片的法线对称。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的显示装置，其中，所述第四方向和所述第五方向相同，且所述第四方向与所述第一偏光片的法线平行或垂直。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其中，所述显示装置还包括：
    第三偏光片，位于所述显示面板远离所述第一偏光片的一侧，所述第三偏光片的透光轴与所述第一偏光片的透光轴垂直。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的显示装置，其中，所述显示装置还包括：
    准直式背光源，位于所述第三偏光片远离所述显示面板的一侧。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其中，所述第三方向和所述第二方向均平行于第一方向与调光层的厚度方向所定义的平面。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其中，当所述显示装置处于所述第一显示模式时，分布于所述第一聚合物网络中的所述液晶分子的长轴在所述第一偏光片上的正投影与所述第一偏光片的透光轴平行，且分布于所述第二聚合物网络中的所述液晶分子的长轴在所述第一偏光片上的正投影与所述第一偏光片的透光轴平行。
  13. 一种调光装置，其中，所述调光装置具有第一状态，所述调光装置包括：
    第一偏光片；
    调光层，设置于所述第一偏光片的一侧，所述调光层具有沿第一方向上交替设置的至少一个第一区域和至少一个第二区域，所述第一方向与所述调光层的厚度方向垂直，所述调光层包括：
    第一聚合物网络液晶，位于所述调光层的所述第一区域，且包括沿第二方向设置的第一聚合物网络和分布于所述第一聚合物网络中的液晶分子，所述第二方向相对于所述第一偏光片的法线倾斜；以及
    第二聚合物网络液晶，位于所述调光层的所述第二区域，且包括沿第三方向设置的第二聚合物网络和分布于所述第二聚合物网络中的液晶分子，所述第三方向相对于所述第一偏光片的法线倾斜，且所述第三方向与所述第二方向分别指向所述第一偏光片的法线的相对两侧；以及
    第二偏光片，位于所述调光层远离所述第一偏光片的一侧，所述第二偏光片的透光轴与所述第一偏光片的透光轴平行；
    其中，当所述调光装置处于第一状态时，分布于所述第一聚合物网络中的所述液晶分子的长轴沿所述第二方向设置，分布于所述第二聚合物网络中的所述液晶分子的长轴沿所述第三方向设置。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的调光装置，其中，所述调光装置还具有第二状态，当所述调光装置处于所述第二状态时，分布于所述第一聚合物网络中的至少部分所述液晶分子的长轴沿第四方向设置，分布于所述第二聚合物网络中的至少部分所述液晶分子的长轴沿第五方向设置，所述第四方向与所述第二方向和所述第三方向均不同，所述第五方向与所述第二方向和所述第三方向均不同。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的调光装置，其中，所述调光装置还包括：
    第一电极层，包括多个间隔设置且沿所述第一方向排布的第一电极，相邻两个第一电极之间具有间隙，且一个所述第一电极对应于相邻的一个所述第一区域和一个所述第二区域；以及
    第二电极层，与所述第一电极层相对设置；
    其中，所述第一电极层与第二电极层中的一者位于所述第一偏光片与所述调光层之间，所述第一电极层与第二电极层中的另一者位于所述第二偏光片与所述调光层之间；
    所述第一电极层与所述第二电极层用于向所述调光层加载电压，以使分布于所述第一聚合物网络中的至少部分所述液晶分子的长轴在沿所述第二方向设置和沿所述第四方向设置之间切换，且使分布于所述第二聚合物网络中的至少部分所述液晶分子的长轴在沿所述第三方向设置和沿所述第五方向设置之间切换。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的调光装置，其中，所述第二方向和所述第一偏光片的法线之间的夹角与所述第三方向和所述第一偏光片的法线之间的夹角的差值小于或等于10度。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的调光装置，其中，所述第二方向与所述第三方向关于所述第一偏光片的法线对称。
  18. 根据权利要求14所述的调光装置，其中，所述第四方向和所述第五方向相同，所述第四方向与所述第一偏光片的法线平行或垂直。
  19. 根据权利要求13所述的调光装置，其中，所述第三方向和所述第二方向均平行于第一方向与调光层的厚度方向所定义的平面。
  20. 根据权利要求13所述的调光装置，其中，当所述调光装置处于所述第一状态时，分布于所述第一聚合物网络中的所述液晶分子的长轴在所述第一偏光片上的正投影与所述第一偏光片的透光轴平行，且分布于所述第二聚合物网络中的所述液晶分子的长轴在所述第一偏光片上的正投影与所述第一偏光片的透光轴平行。
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