WO2023108664A1 - 改善板材拼接抗裂性的方法以及板材拼接抗裂饰面及制作方法 - Google Patents

改善板材拼接抗裂性的方法以及板材拼接抗裂饰面及制作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023108664A1
WO2023108664A1 PCT/CN2021/139430 CN2021139430W WO2023108664A1 WO 2023108664 A1 WO2023108664 A1 WO 2023108664A1 CN 2021139430 W CN2021139430 W CN 2021139430W WO 2023108664 A1 WO2023108664 A1 WO 2023108664A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
putty
curing agent
fiber
splicing
fiber texture
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PCT/CN2021/139430
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭四龙
马志勇
郭昊伦
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苏州红泥新材料科技有限公司
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Application filed by 苏州红泥新材料科技有限公司 filed Critical 苏州红泥新材料科技有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2021/139430 priority Critical patent/WO2023108664A1/zh
Publication of WO2023108664A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023108664A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/072—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of specially adapted, structured or shaped covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/076—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of specially adapted, structured or shaped covering or lining elements characterised by the joints between neighbouring elements, e.g. with joint fillings or with tongue and groove connections
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F21/00—Implements for finishing work on buildings
    • E04F21/165—Implements for finishing work on buildings for finishing joints, e.g. implements for raking or filling joints, jointers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a solution to anti-cracking of board joints, in particular to a board joint anti-crack finish capable of reducing the amount of putty and uniform in color and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • Prefabricated building refers to the transfer of a large number of on-site operations in the traditional construction method to the factory, where the building components and accessories (such as floor slabs, wall panels, stairs, balconies, etc.) are processed and manufactured in the factory, and transported to the construction site. Reliable connections are assembled and installed on site.
  • Prefabricated buildings mainly include prefabricated concrete structures, steel structures, modern wooden structures, etc., because of the use of standardized design, factory production, assembly construction, information management, and intelligent applications, they are representatives of modern industrial production methods.
  • Panel building is the main type of prefabricated building, which is assembled from prefabricated large-scale interior and exterior wall panels, floor slabs and roof panels, also known as large panel buildings; it can reduce structural weight, improve labor productivity, expand the use area of buildings and shockproof ability. Its construction process mainly includes: building walls, top surfaces, and floors are spliced and installed with various panels, and then decorated on the surface of the panels.
  • the surface of all boards can only be coated with putty , batch scraping, and then carry out the construction of a unified decorative coating.
  • putty a unified decorative coating.
  • the existing technical solutions are: splicing and installation of gypsum boards - treatment of splicing joints (pre-embedded anti-cracking belts, filling putty) - anti-rust treatment of nail holes ——Uniformly scrape the putty on the surface of the board (including the seam/splicing seam)—polish the putty flat—apply the base coat—apply the top coat.
  • Paints and coatings painted according to this process after a period of time, often cause the putty on the surface of the anti-cracking belt to crack due to the stress at the splicing seam being transmitted to the pre-embedded anti-cracking belt and the putty on the surface of the anti-cracking belt. Eventually lead to cracking of the coating. This has become a common problem of spliced architectural decoration systems, and it is also a technical problem that those skilled in the art always hope to solve.
  • this construction process is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and requires a full batch of putty.
  • the amount of putty is about 2-2.5kg/m 2 , and it takes a long time to wait for the putty to dry, especially in the weather environment with low temperature and high humidity. After the putty is dry, it needs to be polished and smoothed. During the grinding process, fine dust is flying, which is extremely unfriendly to the construction environment and seriously affects the health of construction workers.
  • CN109826341A discloses a putty-free gypsum board partition wall construction method, in which gypsum is embedded in the plane joints, the gypsum should be 2-3mm higher, and then joint paper tape is pasted, compacted and scraped flat, and then the caulking gypsum is scraped.
  • CN113150584A discloses a kind of putty-free top paint (finish paint), through slow leveling for a long time, covers tiny defect, but this top paint drying time needs a long time, on the other hand, if be used for wall facade, this kind Long-term leveling, under the action of gravity, may form sagging or uneven thickness from top to bottom, resulting in color difference; if it is used for splicing panels such as roof ceilings, under the action of gravity, obvious sagging and drop marks will be formed, even from The roof drips. Moreover, when there is an obvious height difference, the problem of color difference at the splicing cannot be solved.
  • the applicant's early Chinese patent application CN113266118A discloses a crack-resistant finish coating for the assembled spliced wall floor, where the joints are not filled with putty, which solves the problem of crack resistance well.
  • the color difference of the coating at the splicing will be obvious, and the decorative effect of the coating will decrease significantly.
  • the application provides a method for improving the crack resistance of the spliced panels, a crack-resistant finish of the spliced panels, and the crack-resistant surface of the spliced panels The method of making the veneer.
  • the first aspect of the present application is to provide a method for making a crack-resistant finish of a spliced sheet, or a method for improving the crack resistance of the spliced sheet (especially improving the crack resistance of its coating), including:
  • the putty surface On the splicing surface formed by the splicing of plates with height difference, along the splicing seam of the splicing plate, scrape putty in strips to fill the splicing seam, and the putty surface is inclined from the surface of the higher splicing plate to the surface of the lower splicing plate to form a slope Grinding the strip-shaped scraped putty smooth; thereby connecting the first surface, in the present application, the first surface is a surface for decoration, including the surface of the spliced board and the polished strip-shaped scraped putty surface;
  • the entire first surface is covered with a fiber texture network and coated with an infiltration curing agent.
  • the fiber texture network and the infiltration curing agent cover the putty-covered area and the putty-uncovered area of the first surface at the same time; the infiltration curing agent infiltrates and penetrates through the fiber texture network, and infiltrate and penetrate into the putty and the surface of the board, or also infiltrate and penetrate into the putty and/or the inside of the board to form a decorative layer.
  • the second aspect of the present application is to provide an anti-crack finish for spliced panels, including the spliced panels, on the spliced surface formed by the spliced panels, along the spliced seams of the spliced panels, a strip-shaped putty layer is scraped in batches, at the existing height
  • the putty surface of the strip-shaped putty layer is inclined from the surface of the higher splicing panel to the surface of the lower splicing panel, forming an inclined plane, thereby connecting the first surface;
  • the entire first surface is covered with fiber Texture network, a decorative layer coated with an impregnation curing agent, wherein the impregnation curing agent infiltrates and penetrates through the fiber texture network and infiltrates and penetrates the surface of the putty and the board, or also infiltrates and penetrates into the putty and/or the interior of the board , forming a
  • the surface of the board may be putty-scraped or not putty-scraped, and if the putty is scraped off, the putty that has been scraped between adjacent boards is not connected as a whole.
  • the width of each panel is preferably at least 50 cm, more preferably at least 1 m, more preferably at least 1.5 m.
  • the impregnation curing agent also infiltrates and penetrates into the putty and the inside of the board.
  • adjacent spliced panels are allowed to have a height difference on the first surface.
  • the height difference may not exceed 5 mm, more preferably, the height difference may not exceed 3 mm, and more preferably, the height difference may not exceed 2 mm.
  • the height difference is ⁇ 0.5 mm, more preferably, the height difference is ⁇ 1 mm.
  • the colors of adjacent spliced sheets can be the same or different.
  • This application allows adjacent sheets to have color difference, and the color difference value can be ⁇ 1, or even ⁇ 2, or ⁇ 3, and allows human eyes to Ability to distinguish chromatic aberrations.
  • the roughness of adjacent splices may be the same or different.
  • the materials of adjacent spliced panels can be the same or different.
  • the texture of adjacent splice panels may be the same or different.
  • the putty may be any one or more of gypsum-based putty, cement-based putty, polymer modified putty, and lime putty.
  • the strip-shaped putty is scraped along the length of the joint, and the width of the putty can fill the joint.
  • the said conforming to the first plane means that the edge thickness of the strip-shaped putty is no more than 100 ⁇ m at most, more preferably no more than 50 ⁇ m, more preferably no more than 20 ⁇ m. But ⁇ 1 ⁇ m is allowed, more preferably ⁇ 5 ⁇ m, more preferably ⁇ 10 ⁇ m, more preferably ⁇ 20 ⁇ m.
  • the strip-shaped batch of putty extends from the edge of the splicing seam to the direction of the lower plate for an extension distance to form an inclined extension; the height difference between adjacent splicing plates does not exceed the extension distance 10%, more preferably no more than 5%, more preferably no more than 4%, more preferably no more than 2%.
  • the strip-shaped batch of putty extends from the edge of the seam to the direction of the lower plate, and the extension distance is preferably no more than 30 cm, more preferably no more than 25 cm, more preferably no more than 20 cm, More preferably no more than 15 cm, more preferably 3-15 cm, more preferably 5-10 cm.
  • the area of the splice board not covered with putty is not less than 70% of the total area of the first surface, more preferably not less than 80%, more preferably not less than 90%, more preferably not less than at 95%.
  • the putty-covered area of the splice board is no more than 30%, more preferably no more than 20%, more preferably no more than 10%, more preferably no more than 5% of the total area of the first surface.
  • the strip-shaped batch of putty can extend from the edge of the joint to the direction of the higher board, or can be aligned with the edge of the higher board at the butt joint without extending to the direction of the higher board .
  • the seam width is not more than 10mm, more preferably not more than 5mm, more preferably not more than 3mm, more preferably not more than 1mm, more preferably not more than 0.5mm.
  • the method of covering the fiber texture network is selected from:
  • the fiber texture network is preferably a fiber texture network with embossed or printed patterns.
  • a step of applying a base coat is also included, and the base coat preferably covers the entire first surface.
  • the method for covering the fiber texture network is:
  • the base coat covers the entire first surface (covering the surface of the first layer of impregnation curing agent);
  • the fiber texture network on the surface of the base color coating covering the entire first surface, and then apply the second layer of impregnation curing agent; the second layer of impregnation curing agent infiltrates and penetrates the fiber texture network, and contacts and bonds to the base color coating.
  • the base color coating can infiltrate and penetrate the fiber texture network, or not infiltrate and penetrate the fiber texture network.
  • the coating impregnation curing agent, adhesive, and base coat are independently selected from a transparent layer, a semi-transparent layer or an opaque layer. But preferably, the coating impregnation curing agent, binder, and base coat may independently contain pigments.
  • the surface of the decoration layer may also be covered with a second coating (or top coat), and the second coating may be one or more of the second decoration layer and the protective layer.
  • the paint used for the second coating and the impregnation curing agent can be the same or different.
  • the coating used for the second coating can be colored or uncolored, and can be preferably any one of transparent, translucent or opaque coatings.
  • the materials of adjacent splicing boards can be the same or different, and can be independently selected from gypsum boards, wood boards, aluminum-plastic boards, plastic-wood boards, cement boards, and composite boards, such as paper surfaces Gypsum board, paperless gypsum board, FC cement board, European pine board, thermal insulation composite board, aluminum-plastic board, plastic-wood board, etc.
  • the step of pre-embedding the anti-cracking tape at the splicing seam can no longer be performed before the strip-shaped batch of putty is scraped.
  • a step of nail hole anti-rust treatment is also included.
  • the anti-rust of the nail hole may adopt the existing technology, preferably anti-rust treatment may be carried out by using anti-rust paint, polymer cement and the like.
  • the fiber texture network contains a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure formed by fibers; more preferably, the three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure includes fibers and three-dimensional intersections formed by the gaps between the fibers mesh.
  • the fibers are arranged in a three-dimensional distribution, including at least fibers in horizontal, vertical and oblique directions.
  • each fiber has at least two or three of the horizontal portion, the vertical portion, and the oblique direction portion; wherein, any one of the fiber horizontal portion, the vertical portion, and the oblique direction portion One or several cross each other, and/or any one or several of the fiber horizontal part, vertical part, and oblique direction part and another one or more fiber horizontal part, vertical part, and any one of the oblique direction part one or more species cross each other.
  • the meshes at least include meshes in horizontal, vertical, and oblique directions, wherein one or more of the meshes in horizontal, vertical, and oblique directions are connected to one or more of the other horizontal, vertical, or oblique meshes.
  • One or more of the directional meshes are connected to each other.
  • the “inclination” mentioned in the above content of the present invention refers to a non-zero angle with both horizontal and vertical directions.
  • the “horizontal” is in a horizontal plane, and the “vertical” is in a vertical plane. That is, the “horizontal”, “vertical”, and “inclined” do not belong to the same plane.
  • the "horizontal part” in the above content of the present invention can be in the same horizontal plane or in different horizontal planes; the "vertical part” can be in the same vertical plane or in different vertical planes; the “inclined “Directional part” can be in the same inclined plane, or in different inclined planes.
  • the fibers are arranged in multiple layers, the first mesh is formed between the fibers of the same layer, at least part of the fibers of each layer cross each other to form a second mesh, at least part of the first mesh
  • the holes and the second mesh are interconnected to form a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure.
  • each layer of fibers may be a two-dimensional network structure formed by interweaving warp and weft threads, and/or a two-dimensional network structure formed by bending fibers.
  • At least some of the fibers are interspersed in at least two fiber layers.
  • each layer is interlaced with each other to form meshes in different directions.
  • each layer or at least some layers have fiber intersections located at the meshes of other layers, and/or each layer or at least some layers have fibers in a different direction than other layers.
  • connection points between the fibers of the fiber texture network may be one or more of welding, chemical bonding and other connection methods, and are preferably welding.
  • the number of fiber connection points of the fiber texture network is preferably 1%-100%, more preferably at least 10%, more preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 80%.
  • the number of connection points refers to the percentage of the number of fiber connection points to the number of fiber intersections.
  • the diameter of the fiber is preferably 50nm-5000 ⁇ m, preferably 500nm-1000 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 ⁇ m-100 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 ⁇ m-50 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 ⁇ m-50 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 ⁇ m -40 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the fiber texture network is 0.001mm-5mm, more preferably 0.01mm-3mm, more preferably 0.05mm-1mm, more preferably 0.1mm-0.5mm.
  • the mesh shape of the fiber texture network has no special requirements, and may be set according to texture requirements.
  • the meshes may be uniformly distributed, or the meshes may have different distribution densities in different regions.
  • the aperture of the mesh is preferably 50nm-10mm, more preferably 100nm-5mm, more preferably 500nm-3mm, more preferably 5 ⁇ m-2mm, more preferably 50 ⁇ m-1mm, more preferably 0.1mm-1mm.
  • the density of the fiber texture network is preferably 1-300g/m 2 , more preferably 3-250g/m 2 , more preferably 5-200g/m 2 , more preferably 10-150g /m 2 , more preferably 20-100 g/m 2 , more preferably 20-50 g/m 2 .
  • the elongation at break of the fiber texture network is preferably 5-50%, more preferably 10-30%.
  • the fiber texture network can be made of metal, plastic, rubber, fiber and other materials, and is preferably made of fiber material, and the fiber can be any one or several of inorganic fibers and organic fibers. It can be any one or more of artificial synthetic fibers, natural fibers (including modified natural fibers), regenerated fibers obtained after processing natural fibers, metal fibers, and alloy fibers.
  • the fiber can be selected from: polyamide (nylon 6, nylon 66, etc.), polyimide (such as P84 fiber), polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyester (such as PET, PBT, etc.), aramid (such as aramid 1414, aramid 1313, etc., specifically Kevlar, Nomex of DuPont, Twaron, Technora of Teijin, Taparan of Taihe New Material Co., Ltd.), polyphenylene sulfide and other synthetic fibers Any one or several. However, glass fibers or the like may also be used.
  • the fiber can also improve rigidity and deformation resistance through modification processes such as dipping.
  • the fiber cross-sectional shape of the fiber texture network can be one or more regular and/or irregular shapes, such as at least including circles, ellipses, semicircles, polygons (such as triangles, quadrilaterals, pentagons, Hexagon), five-pointed star, cashew nut shape, corrugated shape, dumbbell shape, etc., and preferably one or more of circle and ellipse.
  • the fiber texture network is preferably obtained by one or more methods of weaving (including non-woven textile materials, non-woven technology), casting, molding, 3D printing and the like. It is especially preferably obtained by non-woven fabric technology and/or non-woven textile material technology, such as electrospinning technology and the like.
  • the fabricating method of the fiber texture network includes: (single-component or two-component) melt-spinning, spraying the fiber filaments out of lamination, and then hot-pressing to connect the surfaces of the fibers in the layers and between the layers.
  • melt-spinning is used to form sheath-core structure fibers, and the inner and interlayer fibers are respectively connected through the sheath by hot pressing.
  • the maximum particle size of the putty is 300-400 mesh, more preferably 330-360 mesh.
  • the maximum particle size of the putty is preferably ⁇ 50 ⁇ m, more preferably ⁇ 30 ⁇ m.
  • the grinding putty can be manually or machine-polished.
  • the abrasive tool for grinding the putty can be sandpaper, abrasives, and other known tools for grinding the putty.
  • the impregnation curing agent includes a binder, a solvent, and a pigment. More preferably, the impregnation curing agent may also include functional additives.
  • the binder impregnated with the curing agent can be an organic binder, an inorganic binder, or a combination of an organic binder and an inorganic binder.
  • the organic binder may be any one or more of acrylic emulsion, water-soluble resin, synthetic emulsion resin, and redispersible latex powder.
  • the inorganic binder may be any one or more of alkali metal silicate and silica sol.
  • the solvent for impregnating the curing agent may be any one or more of water and organic solvents.
  • the organic solvent may be any one or more of available alcohols, aldehydes, ethers, aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, and esters.
  • the functional additives of the impregnation curing agent can be defoamers, antifreeze agents, film-forming aids, bactericidal and antifungal agents, dispersants, thickeners, water-retaining agents, preservatives, slippery Any one or more of additives, water reducing agents, phase change energy storage additives, thermal insulation additives.
  • the pigment impregnated with the curing agent can be a decorative pigment that provides decorative color and effect, or a decorative pigment and a decorative filler that provide decorative color and effect, such as titanium dioxide ( Any one or more of white), inorganic mineral pigments, organic synthetic pigments, inorganic mineral particles, organic synthetic colored particles, metal particles, colored glass particles.
  • a decorative pigment that provides decorative color and effect
  • a decorative pigment and a decorative filler that provide decorative color and effect, such as titanium dioxide ( Any one or more of white), inorganic mineral pigments, organic synthetic pigments, inorganic mineral particles, organic synthetic colored particles, metal particles, colored glass particles.
  • the impregnating curing agent may be dry powder particles, or particles may be dispersed and suspended in a liquid dispersion medium.
  • the impregnation curing agent is a water-based curing agent.
  • the liquid dispersion medium is water, or an organic solvent, or a mixture of water and an organic solvent, but is more preferably water.
  • the impregnating curing agent is preferably a curing agent with a nanoscale particle size, or a curing agent with a nanoscale/non-nanoscale composite particle size.
  • the average particle diameter of the impregnation curing agent is preferably 5-500 nm, more preferably 10-300 nm, more preferably 15-150 nm, more preferably 20-80 nm.
  • the impregnating curing agent may be any one or a combination of photocuring, reaction curing, dehydration curing and heat curing.
  • the impregnation curing agent may be a transparent, translucent, or opaque curing agent, or in other words, the impregnation curing agent is transparent, translucent, or opaque after curing.
  • the impregnating curing agent may be colorless or colored during use and/or after curing.
  • the color may be a single color or multiple colors.
  • the single color can be white or other colors; the multiple colors can be a combination of multiple colors (such as various colors exist independently of each other), or a mixture of multiple colors (such as a mixture of multiple colors for one or more colors.)
  • the color of the impregnation curing agent during use and/or after curing may be the same, or different, or partly the same as the color of the putty.
  • the impregnation curing agent includes pigments, and the pigments may be one or more types.
  • the plurality of pigments may be compatible, partially compatible or incompatible.
  • the impregnation curing agent can be a single-component curing agent or a multi-component curing agent, and can at least partially infiltrate and penetrate into the putty layer to enhance the putty layer.
  • the viscosity of the impregnation curing agent is preferably ⁇ 3000CPS, more preferably ⁇ 1000CPS, more preferably ⁇ 500CPS.
  • This application only needs to scrape the putty on the joints and surrounding areas, and the main area of the decorated surface can no longer use putty, which greatly reduces the amount of putty, thereby greatly reducing the work of grinding and leveling the putty.
  • This application unifies the texture structure of the surface of the material, and solves the problem that the mixed base surface formed by various boards and caulking materials cannot be painted with paint, that is, because of different materials and textures, the resulting water absorption rate, surface texture, The reflectivity is different, which affects the color difference, visual difference and texture uniformity of the surface brushing paint.
  • the application can make the paint painted on the surface more uniform in color and texture.
  • the technical solution of the present application can achieve the technical effects of green, low carbon, environmental protection, energy saving, material saving, and carbon reduction.
  • Fig. 1 is a photograph of the decorative surface effect obtained on spliced panels in the prior art.
  • Fig. 2 is a photograph of the decorative surface effect obtained by the present application on the same spliced board as Fig. 1 .
  • Figures 3-1 and 3-2 are schematic cross-sectional views of the putty scraped at the seams of spliced panels with height differences;
  • Figure 3-3 is a schematic top view of the putty scraped.
  • Fig. 4-Fig. 13 are different coating effects made by embossing or printing pattern fiber texture network.
  • Figures 14 and 15 are schematic diagrams of the fiber texture network section and spinning structure of the present application.
  • the paint will also form different colors and textures on the surface of each board.
  • the solution to this problem is to scrape putty on the entire decorative surface for leveling , there is no height difference visible to the naked eye, and then the decorative coating is applied.
  • the applicant unexpectedly found that, for the case where the difference in height of the spliced panels does not exceed 5mm, such as 1-5mm, more preferably 1-3mm, referring to Figures 3-1 and 3-2, the first panel 1 and the second panel 2 At the seams between them, the putty is extended to the surface of the lower second plate 2 by scraping the putty 3 in strips.
  • 5mm such as 1-5mm, more preferably 1-3mm
  • the putty surface 30 is polished to form a smooth surface (but it is allowed to exist ⁇ 1 ⁇ m (such as the roughness of 1-200 ⁇ m), the putty surface 30 can be inclined from the first plate 1 to the surface of the second plate 2, inclined and smoothly transitioned to the surface of the second plate 2, or the putty layer is on the edge of the second plate surface 100 ⁇ m, connect the first surface composed of the first board surface 10 and the second board surface 20 (if there are more splicing boards, the first surface is composed of the surface of these splicing boards for decoration, using putty Connect the surfaces of each splicing board one by one in the above-mentioned way).
  • the height difference of the spliced boards is h
  • the extension distance of the putty surface 30 to the lower first board is L
  • h/L is generally ⁇ 10%, more preferably ⁇ 6%, more preferably ⁇ 5%, more preferably ⁇ 4 %, more preferably ⁇ 3%, more preferably ⁇ 2%
  • covering the outside with a coating formed by impregnating the curing agent and fiber texture network can solve the problem of uneven color and texture.
  • Panel buildings are assembled from prefabricated large-scale interior and exterior wall panels, floor slabs, and roof panels. Each splicing panel is fixed by keel connection. During this process, there is an unavoidable height difference between each splicing panel.
  • the putty 3 scraped by strips is polished smooth.
  • impregnation curing agent on the entire mixed splicing surface (splicing board surface and putty surface, the same below), cover the fiber texture network on the surface of the impregnating curing agent, cover the entire mixing splicing surface, and apply the impregnating curing agent again , and make the impregnation curing agent infiltrate and infiltrate the fiber texture network, putty and the surface and interior of the board, the contact of the two layers of impregnation curing agent is called integration, forming a decorative layer.
  • the fiber texture network contains a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure formed by fibers.
  • the three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure includes fibers 5 and intersecting meshes formed by the gaps between the fibers. 4.
  • transverse fibers intersect with longitudinal fibers and oblique fibers, and intersecting fibers enclose a mesh.
  • the intersection points between the fibers are at least partly connected together to form a connection point, for example, the connection point can be one or more of welding, chemical bonding and other connection methods, and in this embodiment, welding is preferred.
  • the percentage of the number of fiber connection points to the number of fiber intersections can be 80%, the diameter of the fiber is 100 microns, the pore size of the fiber texture network is 0.5 mm, the density is 50 g/m 2 , and the elongation at break is 20 %.
  • a transverse mesh 52 is formed between the transverse fiber 41 in the upper horizontal plane and the transverse fiber 42 in the lower horizontal plane, and a longitudinal mesh 51 is formed between the vertical fiber 43 in the vertical plane, and the transverse mesh 52 communicates with the longitudinal mesh 51 .
  • oblique direction meshes 53 are respectively formed between transverse fibers 41 and oblique direction fibers, between vertical fibers 43 and oblique direction fibers, and Fig. 14 shows the situation that two oblique direction meshes 53 communicate, but The direction mesh 53 may also communicate with the transverse mesh 52 and/or the longitudinal mesh 51 .
  • the putty 3 scraped by strips is polished smooth.
  • the fiber texture network contains a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure formed by fibers.
  • the three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure includes fibers 5 and three-dimensional intersecting meshes formed by the gaps between the fibers. 4.
  • transverse fibers intersect with longitudinal fibers and oblique fibers, and intersecting fibers enclose a mesh.
  • the crossing points between the fibers are at least partly connected together to form a connection point, for example, the connection point can be one or more of welding, chemical bonding and other connection methods, and in this embodiment, welding is preferred.
  • the number of fiber connection points can account for 80% of the number of fiber intersections, the diameter of the fiber is 150 microns, the pore size of the fiber texture network is 0.5 mm, the density is 100 g/m 2 , and the elongation at break is 35 %.
  • a transverse mesh 52 is formed between the transverse fiber 41 in the upper horizontal plane and the transverse fiber 42 in the lower horizontal plane, and a longitudinal mesh 51 is formed between the vertical fiber 43 in the vertical plane, and the transverse mesh 52 communicates with the longitudinal mesh 51 .
  • oblique direction meshes 53 are respectively formed between the transverse fibers 41 and the oblique direction fibers, and between the vertical fibers 43 and the oblique direction fibers. The direction mesh 53 may also communicate with the transverse mesh 52 and/or the longitudinal mesh 51 .
  • the fiber texture network is also embossed to obtain an embossed texture. After drying, the obtained decorative effects are shown in Figures 10 and 11 according to different embossed textures.
  • the putty 3 scraped by strips is polished smooth.
  • Apply the first coat of impregnation curing agent to the entire hybrid splice surface then apply the base coat to cover the first coat of impregnation curing agent, then apply the fiber texture network to the surface of the base coat and cover the entire first coat Infiltrating the surface of the curing agent (covering the surface of the mixed splicing), coating the second layer of the impregnating curing agent, and allowing the second layer of the impregnating curing agent to infiltrate and penetrate the fiber texture network and the surface of the base coat to form a decorative layer.
  • the fiber texture network contains a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure formed by fibers.
  • the three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure includes fibers 5 and intersecting meshes formed by the gaps between the fibers. 4.
  • transverse fibers intersect with longitudinal fibers and oblique fibers, and intersecting fibers enclose a mesh.
  • the crossing points between the fibers are at least partly connected together to form a connection point, for example, the connection point can be one or more of welding, chemical bonding and other connection methods, and in this embodiment, welding is preferred.
  • the percentage of the number of fiber connection points to the number of fiber crossing points can be 85%, the diameter of the fiber is 50 microns, the pore size of the fiber texture network is 0.5 mm, the density is 30 g/m 2 , and the elongation at break is 30 %.
  • a transverse mesh 52 is formed between the transverse fiber 41 in the upper horizontal plane and the transverse fiber 42 in the lower horizontal plane, and a longitudinal mesh 51 is formed between the vertical fiber 43 in the vertical plane, and the transverse mesh 52 communicates with the longitudinal mesh 51 .
  • oblique direction meshes 53 are respectively formed between the transverse fibers 41 and the oblique direction fibers, and between the vertical fibers 43 and the oblique direction fibers. The direction mesh 53 may also communicate with the transverse mesh 52 and/or the longitudinal mesh 51 .
  • the putty 3 scraped by strips is polished smooth.
  • the adhesive By partially coating the adhesive, the adhesive is provided to adhere the fiber texture network to the entire hybrid splicing surface, and then the impregnation curing agent is coated on the surface of the fiber texture network, the impregnation curing agent covers the entire hybrid splicing surface, and makes the impregnation The curing agent penetrates into the fiber texture network, the putty and the surface of the board to form a decorative layer.
  • the fiber texture network contains a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure formed by fibers.
  • the three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure includes fibers 5 and intersecting meshes formed by the gaps between the fibers. 4.
  • transverse fibers intersect with longitudinal fibers and oblique fibers, and intersecting fibers enclose a mesh.
  • the intersection points between the fibers are at least partly connected together to form a connection point, for example, the connection point can be one or more of welding, chemical bonding and other connection methods, and in this embodiment, welding is preferred.
  • the number of fiber connection points accounts for 90% of the number of fiber crossing points
  • the diameter of the fiber is 50 microns
  • the pore size of the fiber texture network is 0.2 mm
  • the density is 30 g/m 2
  • the elongation at break is 40 %.
  • a transverse mesh 52 is formed between the transverse fiber 41 in the upper horizontal plane and the transverse fiber 42 in the lower horizontal plane, and a longitudinal mesh 51 is formed between the vertical fiber 43 in the vertical plane, and the transverse mesh 52 communicates with the longitudinal mesh 51 .
  • oblique direction meshes 53 are respectively formed between transverse fibers 41 and oblique direction fibers, between vertical fibers 43 and oblique direction fibers, and Fig. 14 shows the situation that two oblique direction meshes 53 communicate, but The direction mesh 53 may also communicate with the transverse mesh 52 and/or the longitudinal mesh 51 .
  • the putty 3 scraped by strips is polished smooth.
  • Apply the first coat of impregnation curing agent to the entire mixed splice surface then apply the base coat to cover the first coat of impregnation curing agent, then apply the fiber texture network to the surface of the base coat and cover the entire mix Splice the surface (the first layer of impregnation curing agent), apply the second layer of impregnation curing agent, and make the second layer of impregnation curing agent infiltrate and infiltrate the fiber texture network, putty and base coat surface, and then coat A colored topcoat is applied to form a decorative layer.
  • the fiber texture network contains a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure formed by fibers.
  • the three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure includes fibers 5 and three-dimensional intersecting meshes formed by the gaps between the fibers. 4.
  • transverse fibers intersect with longitudinal fibers and oblique fibers, and intersecting fibers enclose a mesh.
  • the crossing points between the fibers are at least partly connected together to form a connection point, for example, the connection point can be one or more of welding, chemical bonding and other connection methods, and in this embodiment, welding is preferred.
  • the number of fiber connection points accounts for 80% of the number of fiber intersections
  • the diameter of the fibers is 70 microns
  • the pore size of the fiber texture network is 0.8 mm
  • the density is 40 g/m 2
  • the elongation at break is 8 %.
  • a transverse mesh 52 is formed between the transverse fiber 41 in the upper horizontal plane and the transverse fiber 42 in the lower horizontal plane, and a longitudinal mesh 51 is formed between the vertical fiber 43 in the vertical plane, and the transverse mesh 52 communicates with the longitudinal mesh 51 .
  • oblique direction meshes 53 are respectively formed between transverse fibers 41 and oblique direction fibers, between vertical fibers 43 and oblique direction fibers, and Fig. 14 shows the situation that two oblique direction meshes 53 communicate, but The direction mesh 53 may also communicate with the transverse mesh 52 and/or the longitudinal mesh 51 .
  • gypsum is embedded in the plane seams, and the gypsum should be 2-3mm higher than that, and then the joint paper tape is pasted, compacted and scraped flat, and then the caulking gypsum is scraped. Apply paint after sanding.
  • Adopt the coating of CN113150584A do not use putty to fill.

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Abstract

本申请公开了拼接板材抗裂饰面及其制作方法，在板材拼接形成的拼接表面上，沿拼接板材的拼接缝，批刮有条状腻子层，整个拼接表面上覆盖包括纤维肌理网络、涂覆浸渗固化剂的装饰层，其中，浸渗固化剂浸润、渗透穿过纤维肌理网络，并浸润、渗透到至腻子和板材表面。本申请还公开了改善拼接板材抗裂性的方法。本申请技术方案能够解决拼接板材存在高度差的情况下的装饰性问题，同时解决板材不同而导致的色彩、肌理不均匀的问题，同时解决传统拼接板材经常出现的涂层开裂问题。

Description

改善板材拼接抗裂性的方法以及板材拼接抗裂饰面及制作方法 技术领域
本发明涉及板材拼接处抗裂解决方案，特别涉及一种能够减少腻子用量、颜色均匀的板材拼接抗裂饰面及其制作方法。
背景技术
装配式建筑是指把传统建造方式中的大量现场作业工作转移到工厂进行，在工厂加工制作好建筑用构件和配件(如楼板、墙板、楼梯、阳台等)，运输到建筑施工现场，通过可靠的连接方式在现场装配安装而成的建筑。装配式建筑主要包括预制装配式混凝土结构、钢结构、现代木结构建筑等，因为采用标准化设计、工厂化生产、装配化施工、信息化管理、智能化应用，是现代工业化生产方式的代表。
装配式建筑在20世纪初就开始引起人们的兴趣，到六十年代终于实现。英、法、苏联等国首先作了尝试。由于装配式建筑的建造速度快，而且生产成本较低，迅速在世界各地推广开来。
板材建筑是装配式建筑的主要类型，由预制的大型内外墙板、楼板和屋面板等板材装配而成，又称大板建筑；可以减轻结构重量，提高劳动生产率，扩大建筑的使用面积和防震能力。其施工流程主要包括：建筑墙面、顶面、地面采用各种板材进行拼接安装，然后在板材表面进行装饰。
板材之间在拼接安装时产生拼接缝是无法避免的，拼接缝处的装饰面极容易变形开裂，装饰面效果不能令人满意，解决方式是用腻子将拼接缝处填充补齐，由于腻子与板材之间材质不同、吸水率不同、相邻板材之间材质肌理不同、而且无法做到各个板材表面均位于统一平面(存在高度差)，装饰面制作完成后因为光线反射角度不一，涂层色差、肌理差异都非常明显(如附图1所示)，严重影响装饰效果，为了解决该问题，只能用腻子将所有板材的表面(包括板缝/拼接缝)进行涂覆、批刮，然后进行统一的装饰涂层的施工。以目前应用最广的石膏板拼接墙面、顶面为例，现有技术方案为：拼接安装石膏板——处理拼接缝(预 埋抗裂带、填充腻子)——钉眼防锈处理——统一在板材表面(包括板缝/拼接缝)批刮腻子——将腻子打磨平整——涂覆底涂层——涂覆面涂层。按照该工艺涂装的涂料和涂层，经过一段时间后，往往因为拼接缝处的应力传递给预埋的抗裂带以及抗裂带表面腻子，从而使得抗裂带表面的腻子产生开裂，最后导致涂层的开裂。这已经成为拼接式建筑装饰体系的通病，也是本领域技术人员一直希望能够解决的技术难题。
同时，这种施工工艺，费时费力，需要满批腻子，腻子的用量大概在2-2.5kg/m 2，需要长时间等待腻子干燥，尤其是遇到温度低、湿度大的天气环境，需要漫长的时间等待，而且腻子干燥后需要打磨平整，打磨过程中细微粉尘飞扬，对施工环境极不友好，严重影响施工人员的健康。
CN109826341A公开了一种免腻子的石膏板隔墙施工方法，平面拼接缝嵌入石膏，石膏要高出2-3mm，然后贴接缝纸带，压实刮平，再批刮嵌缝石膏。该专利虽然声称能够获得比较好的平整度，但是也只能用于对平整度没有特殊要求的场所。对于现有技术中存在的色差等问题，也无法解决，多种不同材料的使用，反而加重了色差。同时，其在接缝带上批刮腻子的部位，也会产生涂层表面裂缝。
CN113150584A公开了一种无腻子顶漆(面漆)，通过长时间缓慢流平，覆盖微小瑕疵，但是这种面漆干燥时间需要很长时间，另一方面，如果用于墙立面，这种长时间的流平，在重力作用下，或形成流挂或者上下厚度不均匀，导致色差；如果用于屋顶吊顶等拼接板材，在重力作用下，形成明显的流挂和液滴痕迹，甚至从屋顶滴落。而且当存在明显高度差的情况下，也无法解决拼接处色差问题。
申请人早期中国专利申请CN113266118A公开了一种用于装配式拼接墙地面抗裂饰面涂层，拼接缝处不填充腻子，很好地解决了抗裂性问题。但是如果遇到相邻拼接板材之间存在高度差的情况，拼接处涂层色差明显，涂层装饰性效果下降明显。
发明内容
为了解决拼接式建筑板材拼接缝导致的装饰性和涂层开裂问题，本申请提供了一种改善板材拼接抗裂性的方法、一种拼接板材抗裂饰面、以及所述拼接板材 抗裂饰面的制作方法。
本申请第一个方面是提供一种拼接板材抗裂饰面的制作方法，或者改善板材拼接抗裂性(尤其是改善其涂层抗裂性)的方法，包括：
在具有高度差的板材拼接形成的拼接表面上，沿拼接板材的拼接缝，条状批刮腻子，填充拼接缝，腻子表面从较高拼接板表面向较低拼接板表面倾斜，形成斜面；将条状批刮的腻子打磨平整；从而接顺第一表面，本申请中，第一表面为用于装饰的表面，包括拼接板材的表面与打磨平整的条状批刮的腻子表面；
整个第一表面上覆盖纤维肌理网络并涂覆浸渗固化剂，纤维肌理网络、浸渗固化剂同时覆盖第一表面腻子覆盖区域和腻子未覆盖区域；浸渗固化剂浸润、渗透穿过纤维肌理网络，并浸润、渗透至腻子和板材表面，或者还浸润、渗透至腻子和/或板材内部，形成装饰层。
本申请第二个方面是提供一种拼接板材抗裂饰面，包括拼接的板材，在板材拼接形成的拼接表面上，沿拼接板材的拼接缝，批刮有条状腻子层，在存在高度差的相邻拼接板的拼接缝处，条状腻子层腻子表面从较高拼接板表面向较低拼接板表面倾斜，形成斜面，从而接顺第一表面；整个第一表面上覆盖包括纤维肌理网络、涂覆浸渗固化剂的装饰层，其中，浸渗固化剂浸润、渗透穿过纤维肌理网络，并浸润、渗透至腻子和板材表面，或者还浸润、渗透至腻子和/或板材内部，形成装饰层。
在一种优选实施例中，所述板材表面可以是批刮了腻子或未批刮腻子，如果批刮了腻子，相邻板材之间已经批刮的腻子并不连接成一体。
在一种优选实施例中，每一个板材的宽度(即板材邻接边缘至相对边缘的距离)优选为至少50cm，更优选为至少1m，更优选为至少1.5m。
在一种优选实施例中，浸渗固化剂还浸润、渗透到至腻子和板材内部。
在一种优选实施例中，相邻拼接板材在第一表面允许存在高度差。
优选地，高度差可以不超过5mm，更优选地，高度差可以不超过3mm，更优选地，高度差可以不超过2mm。优选地，所述高度差≥0.5mm，更优选地，所述高度差≥1mm。
在一种优选实施例中，相邻的拼接板材的颜色可以相同或不同，本申请允许相邻板材存在色差，并且色差值可以≥1，甚至可以≥2、或≥3，并且允许人眼 能够分辨出色差。
在一种优选实施例中，相邻拼接板的粗糙度可以相同或不同。
在一种优选实施例中，相邻拼接板的材质可以相同或不同。
在一种优选实施例中，相邻拼接板的肌理可以相同或不同。
在一种优选实施例中，所述腻子可以是石膏基腻子、水泥基腻子、聚合物改性腻子、石灰腻子中的任意一种或更多种。
在一种优选实施例中，所述条状批刮腻子，沿着拼接缝长度进行批刮，而且批刮腻子的宽度能够填充拼接缝。
在一种优选实施例中，所述接顺第一平面是指，所述条状腻子边缘厚度不超过最大不超过100μm，更优选地不超过50μm，更优选地不超过20μm。但允许≥1μm，更优选为≥5μm，更优选为≥10μm，更优选为≥20μm。
在一种优选实施例中，所述条状批刮腻子，从拼接缝边缘向较低板材方向延伸一延伸距离，形成倾斜延伸部；相邻拼接板之间高度差不超过所述延伸距离的10％，更优选为不超过5％，更优选为不超过4％，更优选为不超过2％。
在一种优选实施例中，所述条状批刮腻子，从拼接缝边缘向较低板材方向延伸，延伸距离优选为不超过30cm、更优选为不超过25cm，更优选为不超过20cm，更优选为不超过15cm，更优选为3-15cm，更优选为5-10cm。
在一种优选实施例中，拼接板未覆盖腻子的区域不低于第一表面总面积的70％，更优选为不低于80％，更优选为不低于90％，更优选为不低于95％。
在一种优选实施例中，拼接板覆盖腻子的区域不超过第一表面总面积的30％，更优选为不超过20％，更优选为不超过10％，更优选为不超过5％。
在一种优选实施例中，所述条状批刮腻子，从拼接缝边缘可以向较高板材方向延伸，也可以与较高板材在对接缝的边缘对齐而不向较高板材方向延伸。
在一种优选实施例中，所述拼接缝宽度不超过10mm，更优选为不超过5mm，更优选为不超过3mm，更优选为不超过1mm，更优选为不超过0.5mm。
在一种优选实施例中，覆盖纤维肌理网络的方法选自：
A)在整个第一表面上涂覆浸渗固化剂，将纤维肌理网络覆盖在浸渗固化剂表面、覆盖整个第一表面(或者混合拼接表面，即：拼接板表面与腻子表面)，并使得浸渗固化剂渗透纤维肌理网络；
B)在整个第一表面上第一次涂覆浸渗固化剂，将纤维肌理网络覆盖在浸渗固化剂表面、覆盖整个第一表面，在纤维肌理表面第二次涂覆浸渗固化剂，第一次涂覆的浸渗固化剂和/或第二次涂覆的浸渗固化剂渗透纤维肌理网络，并相互接触形成一个整体；
C)通过局部涂覆粘结剂，将纤维肌理网络粘附到整个第一表面，然后在纤维肌理网络表面涂覆浸渗固化剂，并使得浸渗固化剂渗透纤维肌理网络。
在上述A)、B)、C)任意一种选项的基础上，所述纤维肌理网络优选为带有压花或印刷图案的纤维肌理网络。
在上述A)、B)、C)任意一种选项的基础上，覆盖纤维肌理网络之前，还包括涂覆底色涂层的步骤，所述底色涂层优选为覆盖整个第一表面。
例如在一种优选实施例中，覆盖纤维肌理网络的方法为：
在整个第一表面上涂覆第一层浸渗固化剂，
在第一层浸渗固化剂表面涂覆底色涂层，底色涂层覆盖整个第一表面(覆盖第一层浸渗固化剂表面)；
将纤维肌理网络覆盖在底色涂层表面、覆盖整个第一表面，然后涂覆第二层浸渗固化剂；第二层浸渗固化剂浸润、渗透纤维肌理网络，并接触、粘结到底色涂层。
其中，底色涂层可以是浸润、渗透纤维肌理网络，也可以不浸润、渗透纤维肌理网络。
在一种优选实施例中，所述涂覆浸渗固化剂、粘结剂、底色涂层分别独立的选自透明层、半透明层或不透明层。但优选地，所述涂覆浸渗固化剂、粘结剂、底色涂层分别独立的可以是含有颜料。
在一种优选实施例中，所述装饰层表面还可以覆盖第二涂层(或者说面涂层)，第二涂层可以是第二装饰层、防护层中的一种或更多种。
其中，第二涂层所用涂料与浸渗固化剂可以相同或不同。
其中，第二涂层所用涂料可以是带有颜色或不带有颜色，并可以是优选为透明、半透明或不透明涂层中的任意一种。
在一种优选实施例中，相邻的拼接板材材质可以是相同或不同，并可以分别独立的选自石膏板、木板、铝塑板、塑木板、水泥板、以及复合板等，例如纸面石膏板、无纸面石膏板、FC水泥板、欧松木板、保温一体复合板、铝塑板、塑 木板等等。
在一种优选实施例中，在条状批刮腻子之前，可以不再进行在拼接缝处预埋抗裂带的步骤。
在一种优选实施例中，在条状批刮腻子之后、覆盖纤维肌理网络并涂覆浸渗固化剂之前，还包括钉眼防锈处理的步骤。
在一种优选实施例中，所述钉眼防锈可以是采用现有技术，优选为可以是采用防锈漆、聚合物水泥等进行防锈处理。
在一种优选实施例中，所述纤维肌理网络内含有纤维形成的三维互贯网络结构；更优选地，所述三维互贯网络结构包括纤维、以及所述纤维之间的空隙形成的立体交叉的网孔。
更优选地，所述纤维的排列为三维立体分布，至少包括水平、竖直、倾斜方向的纤维。
再优选地，至少部分纤维中，每一条纤维同时存在水平部分、竖直部分、倾斜方向部分中至少两种，或三种；其中，纤维水平部分、竖直部分、倾斜方向部分中的任意一种或几种相互交叉，和/或纤维水平部分、竖直部分、倾斜方向部分中的任意一种或几种与另一条或多条纤维水平部分、竖直部分、倾斜方向部分中的任意一种或几种相互交叉。
优选地，所述网孔至少包括水平、竖直、倾斜方向的网孔，其中，水平、竖直、倾斜方向网孔中的一种或几种与其他一个或多个水平、竖直、倾斜方向网孔中的一种或几种相互连通。
本发明上述内容中所述“倾斜”，是指与水平和竖直方向均呈非0度夹角。所述“水平”是在水平面内，所述“竖直”是在竖直面内。即，所述“水平”、“竖直”、“倾斜”不属于同一平面。
本发明上述内容中所述“水平部分”可以是在同一水平面内，或不同水平面内；所述“竖直部分”可以是在同一竖直面内，或不同竖直面内；所述“倾斜方向部分”可以是在同一倾斜面内，或不同倾斜面内。
在本发明的更优选实施例中，纤维为多层排布，同层纤维之间围成第一网孔，各层纤维之间至少部分相互交叉围成第二网孔，至少部分第一网孔和第二网孔之间相相互贯通，形成三维互贯网络结构。
在本发明的更优选实施例中，每一层纤维可以是经纬线交织形成的二维网络结构、和/或为纤维弯曲排布形成的二维网络结构。
更优选地，至少部分纤维穿插于至少两层纤维层。
更优选地，各层纤维彼此交错排布，形成不同方向的网孔。例如，每一层或至少部分层的纤维交叉点位于其他层的网孔处，和/或每一层或至少部分层的纤维与其他层纤维方向不同。
在一种优选实施例中，所述纤维肌理网络的纤维之间的连接点可以是熔接、化学粘结等连接方式中的一种或几种，并优选为熔接。
在一种优选实施例中，所述纤维肌理网络的纤维连接点的数量优选为1％-100％，更优选为至少10％，更优选为至少50％，更优选为至少80％。
在一种优选实施例中，所述连接点数量是指纤维连接点个数占纤维交叉点个数的百分比。
在一种优选实施例中，所述纤维的直径优选为50nm-5000μm，优选为500nm-1000μm，更优选为1μm-100μm，更优选为1μm-50μm，更优选为5μm-50μm，更优选为5μm-40μm。
在一种优选实施例中，所述纤维肌理网络的厚度为0.001mm-5mm，更优选为0.01mm-3mm，更优选为0.05mm-1mm，更优选为0.1mm-0.5mm。
在一种优选实施例中，所述纤维肌理网络的网孔形状没有特别要求，可以是根据肌理要求进行设定。其中，网孔可以是均匀分布，或者不同区域的网孔分布密度不同。
在一种优选实施例中，所述网孔的孔径优选为50nm-10mm，更优选为100nm-5mm，更优选为500nm-3mm，更优选为5μm-2mm，更优选为50μm-1mm，更优选为0.1mm-1mm。
在一种优选实施例中，所述纤维肌理网络的密度优选为1-300g/m 2，更优选为3-250g/m 2，更优选为5-200g/m 2，更优选为10-150g/m 2，更优选为20-100g/m 2，更优选为20-50g/m 2。
在一种优选实施例中，所述纤维肌理网络断裂伸长率优选为5-50％，更优选为10-30％。
在一种优选实施例中，所述纤维肌理网络可以是金属、塑料、橡胶、纤维等 材料制备，并优选为纤维材料制备，所述纤维可以是无机纤维、有机纤维中的任意一种或几种，并可以是人工合成纤维、天然纤维(包括天然纤维改性)、天然纤维加工后获得的再生纤维、金属纤维、合金纤维中的任意一种或几种。
在更优选实施例中，所述纤维可以是选自：聚酰胺(尼龙6、尼龙66等)、聚酰亚胺(如P84纤维)、聚丙烯、聚四氟乙烯、聚酯(如PET、PBT等)、芳纶(如芳纶1414、芳纶1313等，具体如杜邦公司的Kevlar、Nomex，帝人公司Twaron、Technora，泰和新材公司的Taparan等)、聚苯硫醚等合成纤维中的任意一种或几种。但也可以是玻璃纤维等。
其中，所述纤维还可以通过浸胶等改性工艺提高刚性，提高抗形变能力。
其中，所述纤维肌理网络的纤维截面形状可以是一种或多种规则和/或不规则形状，如至少包括圆形、椭圆形、半圆形、多边形(如三角形、四边形、五边形、六边形)、五角星、腰果形、波纹形、哑铃形等形状中的一种或几种，并优选为圆形、椭圆形中的一种或几种。
在一种优选实施例中，所述纤维肌理网络优选为纺织(包括非织造纺织材料、无纺布技术)、浇注、模压、3D打印等方法中的一种或多种获得。尤其优选为通过无纺布技术、和/或非织造纺织材料技术获得，如静电纺丝技术等。
在更优选实施例中，所述纤维肌理网络制作方法包括：(单组分或双组分)熔融喷丝，将纤维丝喷出层叠，然后热压将层内、层间纤维表面连接。优选地，采用双组分熔融喷丝形成皮芯结构纤维，热压将层内、层间纤维通过皮层分别连接。
在一种优选实施例中，所述腻子的最大颗粒粒径300-400目，更优选为330-360目。
例如，所述腻子的最大颗粒粒径优选为≤50μm，更优选为≤30μm。
在一种优选实施例中，所述打磨腻子，可以是采用人工打磨、机器打磨。优选地，打磨腻子用的磨具可以是砂纸、磨料、以及其他已知的用于打磨腻子的工具。
在一种优选实施例中，所述浸渗固化剂包括粘结剂、溶剂、颜料。更优选地，所述浸渗固化剂还可以包括功能性添加剂。
更优选地，所述浸渗固化剂的粘结剂，可以是有机粘结剂、无机粘结剂、或 者有机粘结剂与无机粘结剂的组合。
其中，所述有机粘结剂可以是丙烯酸乳液、水溶性树脂、合成乳液树脂、可再分散乳胶粉中的任意一种或更多种。
其中，所述无机粘结剂可以是碱金属硅酸盐、硅溶胶中的任意一种或更多种。
更优选地，所述浸渗固化剂的溶剂，可以是水、有机溶剂中的任意一种或更多种。其中，所述有机溶剂可以是可用的醇、醛、醚、芳烃、卤代脂肪烃、酯中的任意一种或更多种。
更优选地，所述浸渗固化剂的功能性添加剂，可以是消泡剂、抗冻剂、成膜助剂、杀菌防霉剂、分散剂、增稠剂、保水剂、防腐剂、爽滑剂、减水剂、相变储能添加剂、保温隔热添加剂中的任意一种或更多种。
更优选地，所述浸渗固化剂的颜料，可以是提供装饰性色彩和效果的装饰性颜料，也可以是提供装饰性色彩和效果的装饰性颜料和装饰性填料，如可以是钛白粉(白色)、无机矿物颜料、有机合成颜料、无机矿物颗粒、有机合成彩色颗粒、金属颗粒、彩色玻璃颗粒中的任意一种或更多种。
本申请上述内容中，所述浸渗固化剂可以是干粉颗粒，或者可以是颗粒分散悬浮于液体分散介质中。优选地，所述浸渗固化剂为水性固化剂。
优选地，所述液体分散介质为水，或有机溶剂，或水与有机溶剂的混合物，但更优选为水。
更优选地，所述浸渗固化剂优选为纳米级粒径的固化剂、纳米级/非纳米级复合粒径的固化剂。并优选地，所述浸渗固化剂的平均粒径优选为5-500nm、更优选为10-300nm、更优选为15-150nm、更优选为20-80nm。
本申请上述内容中，所述浸渗固化剂可以是光固化、反应固化、失水固化、加热固化中的任意一种或更多种的组合。
本申请上述内容中，所述浸渗固化剂可以是透明、半透明、或不透明固化剂，或者说，所述浸渗固化剂固化后为透明、半透明、或不透明的。
本申请上述内容中，所述浸渗固化剂使用时和/或固化后可以是无色、也可以是带颜色的，优选地，所述颜色可以是单一颜色，也可以是多种颜色。
应当理解的是，所述单一颜色可以是白色、或其他颜色；所述多种颜色可以是多种颜色的组合(例如各种颜色彼此独立存在)，或者多种颜色混合(例如多 种颜色混合为一种或更多种颜色。)
其中，所述浸渗固化剂使用时和/或固化后的颜色与腻子颜色可以是相同，或者不同，或者部分相同。
更优选地，所述浸渗固化剂包括颜料，所述颜料可以是一种或更多种。优选地，所述更多种颜料可以是相容、部分相容或不相容的。
本申请上述内容中，所述浸渗固化剂可以是单组分固化剂，也可以是多组分固化剂，并能够至少部分浸润、渗透至腻子层中，对腻子层起到增强效果。
本申请上述内容中，所述浸渗固化剂的粘度优选为<3000CPS，更优选为<1000CPS，更优选为<500CPS。
与现有技术相比，本发明的技术方案具有以下有益效果：
1、本申请仅需要在拼接缝和周边区域批刮腻子，被装饰面主要区域可以不再使用腻子，大幅减少腻子用量，从而大幅度降低了腻子的打磨找平工作。
2、本申请统一了材料表面组织肌理结构，解决了各种板材、填缝材料形成的混合基面无法刷涂涂料的难题，即：因为材质不同、肌理不同，产生的吸水率、表面肌理、反光性都不同，从而影响表面刷涂涂料的色差、视觉差别和肌理的均匀性。本申请能够使得表面刷涂的涂料在色彩、肌理上更为均匀。
3、形成平面内360°抗裂复合涂层，相比于抗裂网或抗裂带上批刮腻子再涂刷涂料的传统工法，本申请在抗裂纤维结构上没有腻子层、同时涂料涂层既渗入纤维肌理，又具有更薄的涂层，且更有韧性，具有360°抗应变能力，涂层抗裂性能大大提高。
4、本申请技术方案中，通过调整浸渗固化剂的材料性能、可选的第二涂层的材料性能、以及纤维肌理网络的花式和肌理，可以制备多种性能、多种风格的抗裂装饰面。
综上，本申请技术方案能够达到绿色、低碳、环保、节能、节材、减碳的技术效果。
附图说明
图1为现有技术在拼接板材上获得的装饰面效果照片。
图2为本申请在与图1相同的拼接板材上获得的装饰面效果照片。
图3-1与3-2为本申请在具有高度差的拼接板材的拼接缝处批刮腻子的剖面示意图；图3-3为批刮腻子俯视结构示意图。
图4-图13为采用压花或印刷图案纤维肌理网络制作的不同的涂层效果图。
图14和15为本申请纤维肌理网络剖面和纺丝结构示意图。
具体实施方式
装配式建筑最大的装饰难度在于，1、板材难以保证完全统一的材质、尺寸、颜色、粗糙度，2、板材拼接时难以保证所有板材的装饰面处于同一高度或同一平面内，因此，根据GB50210-2018《建筑装饰装修工程质量验收标准》，拼接板材允许存在一定的偏差，其中，接缝处相邻拼接板的高低差一般为1-1.5mm。这么大的偏差，对于表面装饰来讲，是一个巨大的技术难题。因为高度差的存在，会导致光线的反射存在较大差异，如图1所示，即使用不透明的白色涂料进行装饰，也会因为光线问题导致严重的色差。再加上板材吸水率不同、粗糙度不同、底色不同，涂料在各个板材表面也会形成不同的颜色和肌理，一般而言，解决该问题的方案，是在整个装饰平面批刮腻子进行找平，不存在肉眼可见的高度差，然后再涂覆装饰涂层。
申请人意外的发现，对于拼接板材高度差不超过5mm、如1-5mm、更优选为1-3mm的情况下，参照图3-1和3-2，在第一板材1和第二板材2之间的拼接缝处，采用条状批刮腻子3的方法，将腻子向较低的第二板材2的表面延伸，批刮后，腻子表面30打磨形成平滑表面(但允许存在≥1μm(如1-200μm)的粗糙度)，腻子表面30可以是从第一板材1向第二板材2表面倾斜，倾斜、平滑过渡到第二板材2的表面，或者腻子层在第二板材表面的边缘处高度不超过100μm，接顺第一板材表面10和第二板材表面20组成的第一表面(如果有更多的拼接板，则第一表面为这些拼接板用于装饰的表面组成，采用腻子通过上述方式将各个拼接板的表面逐一接顺)。
拼接板材高度差为h，腻子表面30向较低的第一板材的延伸距离为L，h/L一般≤10％，更优选为≤6％，更优选为≤5％，更优选为≤4％，更优选为≤3％，更优选为≤2％，在外部覆盖浸渗固化剂以及纤维肌理网络形成的涂层，即可解决这一色彩和肌理不均匀的问题。
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域的技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
板材建筑由预制的大型内外墙板、楼板和屋面板等板材装配而成，各个拼接板通过龙骨连接固定，在此过程中，各个拼接板之间存在高度差是无法避免的。
参照图3-1、3-2和3-3，1.2m宽的第一拼接板1和第二拼接板2之间存在高度差h为1mm，拼接缝0.5mm，在两个板材拼接形成的拼接表面上，沿拼接板材的拼接缝，条状批刮腻子3，填充拼接缝。腻子3向较低的第二拼接板2的表面20延伸，形成延伸距离L＝10cm，腻子3在拼接缝处顶部表面与较高的第一拼接板表面10平齐，然后向第二拼板接表面倾斜形成倾斜表面30，在第二拼接板表面20的边缘处高度不超过100μm，从而接顺第一表面(即拼接板表面和腻子表面，或者说用于装饰的表面)。
将条状批刮的腻子3打磨平整。
在整个混合拼接表面(拼接板表面和腻子表面，下同)上涂覆浸渗固化剂，将纤维肌理网络覆盖在浸渗固化剂表面、覆盖整个混合拼接表面，再一次涂覆浸渗固化剂，并使得浸渗固化剂浸润、渗透纤维肌理网络、腻子和板材表面和内部，两层浸渗固化剂接触称为一体，形成装饰层。
其中，所述纤维肌理网络内含有纤维形成的三维互贯网络结构，参照图14-15，所述三维互贯网络结构包括纤维5、以及所述纤维之间的空隙形成的立体交叉的网孔4。参照图15，在同一平面内，横向纤维与纵向纤维以及斜向纤维相互交叉，交叉的纤维围成网孔。参照图14纤维之间的交叉点至少部分连接在一起形成连接点，如连接点可以是熔接、化学粘结等连接方式中的一种或几种，本实施例中优选为熔接。本实施例中，纤维连接点个数占纤维交叉点个数的百分比可以是80％，纤维的直径为100微米，纤维肌理网络孔径为0.5mm，密度为50g/m 2，断裂伸长率20％。
上方水平面内的横向纤维41与下方水平面内的横向纤维42之间形成横向网孔52，与垂直面内的竖直纤维43之间形成纵向网孔51，横向网孔52与纵向 网孔51连通。类似的，横向纤维41与倾斜方向纤维之间、竖直纤维43与倾斜方向纤维之间，分别形成倾斜方向网孔53，图14给出了两个倾斜方向网孔53连通的情况，但是倾斜方向网孔53也可以是与横向网孔52和/或纵向网孔51连通。
干燥后，所得装饰效果如图2所示，虽然原始拼接板存在明显高度差，但是装饰效果中，不存在视觉差异、色差以及肌理差异。
实施例2
参照图3-1、3-2和3-3，1.2m宽第一拼接板1和第二拼接板2之间存在高度差h为2mm，拼接缝0.5mm，在两个板材拼接形成的拼接表面上，沿拼接板材的拼接缝，条状批刮腻子3，填充拼接缝。腻子3向较低的第二拼接板2的表面20延伸，形成延伸距离L＝10cm，腻子3在拼接缝处顶部表面与较高的第一拼接板表面10平齐，然后向第二拼板接表面倾斜形成倾斜表面30，在第二拼接板表面20的边缘处高度不超过100μm，从而接顺第一表面。
将条状批刮的腻子3打磨平整。
在整个混合拼接表面上点涂浸渗固化剂，将纤维肌理网络黏贴、覆盖在浸渗固化剂表面、并覆盖整个混合拼接表面，辊压纤维肌理网络，使得浸渗固化剂浸润、渗透纤维肌理网络、腻子和板材表面，形成装饰层。
其中，所述纤维肌理网络内含有纤维形成的三维互贯网络结构，参照图14-15，所述三维互贯网络结构包括纤维5、以及所述纤维之间的空隙形成的立体交叉的网孔4。参照图15，在同一平面内，横向纤维与纵向纤维以及斜向纤维相互交叉，交叉的纤维围成网孔。参照图14纤维之间的交叉点至少部分连接在一起形成连接点，如连接点可以是熔接、化学粘结等连接方式中的一种或几种，本实施例中优选为熔接。本实施例中，纤维连接点个数占纤维交叉点个数的百分比可以是80％，纤维的直径为150微米，纤维肌理网络孔径为0.5mm，密度为100g/m 2，断裂伸长率35％。
上方水平面内的横向纤维41与下方水平面内的横向纤维42之间形成横向网孔52，与垂直面内的竖直纤维43之间形成纵向网孔51，横向网孔52与纵向网孔51连通。类似的，横向纤维41与倾斜方向纤维之间、竖直纤维43与倾斜方向纤维之间，分别形成倾斜方向网孔53，图14给出了两个倾斜方向网孔53 连通的情况，但是倾斜方向网孔53也可以是与横向网孔52和/或纵向网孔51连通。
虽然原始拼接板存在明显高度差，但是装饰效果中，不存在视觉差异、色差以及肌理差异。本实施例中，所述纤维肌理网络还进行压花处理，从而获得压纹肌理，干燥后，根据不同压纹肌理，所得装饰效果如图10、11所示。
实施例3
参照图3-1、3-2和3-3，1.2m宽第一拼接板1和第二拼接板2之间存在高度差h为1.5mm，拼接缝0.5mm，在两个板材拼接形成的拼接表面上，沿拼接板材的拼接缝，条状批刮腻子3，填充拼接缝。腻子3向较低的第二拼接板2的表面20延伸，形成延伸距离L＝8cm，腻子3在拼接缝处顶部表面与较高的第一拼接板表面10平齐，然后向第二拼板接表面倾斜形成倾斜表面30，在第二拼接板表面20的边缘处高度不超过100μm，从而接顺第一表面。
将条状批刮的腻子3打磨平整。
在整个混合拼接表面上涂第一层浸渗固化剂，然后涂覆底色涂层覆盖第一层浸渗固化剂，然后将纤维肌理网络覆盖在底色涂层表面、并覆盖整个第一层浸渗固化剂表面(覆盖混合拼接表面)，涂覆第二层浸渗固化剂，并使得第二层浸渗固化剂浸润、渗透纤维肌理网络和底色涂层表面，形成装饰层。
其中，所述纤维肌理网络内含有纤维形成的三维互贯网络结构，参照图14-15，所述三维互贯网络结构包括纤维5、以及所述纤维之间的空隙形成的立体交叉的网孔4。参照图15，在同一平面内，横向纤维与纵向纤维以及斜向纤维相互交叉，交叉的纤维围成网孔。参照图14纤维之间的交叉点至少部分连接在一起形成连接点，如连接点可以是熔接、化学粘结等连接方式中的一种或几种，本实施例中优选为熔接。本实施例中，纤维连接点个数占纤维交叉点个数的百分比可以是85％，纤维的直径为50微米，纤维肌理网络孔径为0.5mm，密度为30g/m 2，断裂伸长率30％。
上方水平面内的横向纤维41与下方水平面内的横向纤维42之间形成横向网孔52，与垂直面内的竖直纤维43之间形成纵向网孔51，横向网孔52与纵向网孔51连通。类似的，横向纤维41与倾斜方向纤维之间、竖直纤维43与倾斜方向纤维之间，分别形成倾斜方向网孔53，图14给出了两个倾斜方向网孔53 连通的情况，但是倾斜方向网孔53也可以是与横向网孔52和/或纵向网孔51连通。
虽然原始拼接板存在明显高度差，但是装饰效果中，不存在视觉差异、色差以及肌理差异。干燥后，所得装饰效果如图12所示。
实施例4
参照图3-1、3-2和3-3，1.2m宽第一拼接板1和第二拼接板2之间存在高度差h为1mm，拼接缝0.5mm，在两个板材拼接形成的拼接表面(第一表面)上，沿拼接板材的拼接缝，条状批刮腻子3，填充拼接缝。腻子3向较低的第二拼接板2的表面20延伸，形成延伸距离L＝5cm，腻子3在拼接缝处顶部表面与较高的第一拼接板表面10平齐，然后向第二拼板接表面倾斜形成倾斜表面30，在第二拼接板表面20的边缘处高度不超过100μm，从而接顺第一表面。
将条状批刮的腻子3打磨平整。
通过局部涂覆粘结剂，提供粘结剂将纤维肌理网络粘附到整个混合拼接表面，然后在纤维肌理网络表面涂覆浸渗固化剂，浸渗固化剂覆盖整个混合拼接表面，并使得浸渗固化剂渗透纤维肌理网络、腻子和板材表面，形成装饰层。
其中，所述纤维肌理网络内含有纤维形成的三维互贯网络结构，参照图14-15，所述三维互贯网络结构包括纤维5、以及所述纤维之间的空隙形成的立体交叉的网孔4。参照图15，在同一平面内，横向纤维与纵向纤维以及斜向纤维相互交叉，交叉的纤维围成网孔。参照图14纤维之间的交叉点至少部分连接在一起形成连接点，如连接点可以是熔接、化学粘结等连接方式中的一种或几种，本实施例中优选为熔接。本实施例中，纤维连接点个数占纤维交叉点个数的百分比可以是90％，纤维的直径为50微米，纤维肌理网络孔径为0.2mm，密度为30g/m 2，断裂伸长率40％。
上方水平面内的横向纤维41与下方水平面内的横向纤维42之间形成横向网孔52，与垂直面内的竖直纤维43之间形成纵向网孔51，横向网孔52与纵向网孔51连通。类似的，横向纤维41与倾斜方向纤维之间、竖直纤维43与倾斜方向纤维之间，分别形成倾斜方向网孔53，图14给出了两个倾斜方向网孔53连通的情况，但是倾斜方向网孔53也可以是与横向网孔52和/或纵向网孔51连通。
虽然原始拼接板存在明显高度差，但是装饰效果中，不存在视觉差异、色差以及肌理差异。本实施例采用印有花色的纤维网络肌理，根据不同印刷图案，干燥后，所得装饰效果如图5-9、13所示。
实施例5
参照图3-1、3-2和3-3，1.2m宽第一拼接板1和第二拼接板2之间存在高度差h为3mm，拼接缝0.5mm，在两个板材拼接形成的拼接表面(第一表面)上，沿拼接板材的拼接缝，条状批刮腻子3，填充拼接缝。腻子3向较低的第二拼接板2的表面20延伸，形成延伸距离L＝15cm，腻子3在拼接缝处顶部表面与较高的第一拼接板表面10平齐，然后向第二拼板接表面倾斜形成倾斜表面30，在第二拼接板表面20的边缘处高度不超过100μm，从而接顺第一表面。
将条状批刮的腻子3打磨平整。
在整个混合拼接表面上涂第一层覆浸渗固化剂，然后涂覆底色涂层覆盖第一层覆浸渗固化剂，然后将纤维肌理网络覆盖在底色涂层表面、并覆盖整个混合拼接表面(第一层浸渗固化剂)，涂覆第二层覆浸渗固化剂，并使得第二层覆浸渗固化剂浸润、渗透纤维肌理网络、腻子和底色涂层表面，再涂覆带有颜色的面涂层，形成装饰层。
其中，所述纤维肌理网络内含有纤维形成的三维互贯网络结构，参照图14-15，所述三维互贯网络结构包括纤维5、以及所述纤维之间的空隙形成的立体交叉的网孔4。参照图15，在同一平面内，横向纤维与纵向纤维以及斜向纤维相互交叉，交叉的纤维围成网孔。参照图14纤维之间的交叉点至少部分连接在一起形成连接点，如连接点可以是熔接、化学粘结等连接方式中的一种或几种，本实施例中优选为熔接。本实施例中，纤维连接点个数占纤维交叉点个数的百分比可以是80％，纤维的直径为70微米，纤维肌理网络孔径为0.8mm，密度为40g/m 2，断裂伸长率8％。
上方水平面内的横向纤维41与下方水平面内的横向纤维42之间形成横向网孔52，与垂直面内的竖直纤维43之间形成纵向网孔51，横向网孔52与纵向网孔51连通。类似的，横向纤维41与倾斜方向纤维之间、竖直纤维43与倾斜方向纤维之间，分别形成倾斜方向网孔53，图14给出了两个倾斜方向网孔53连通的情况，但是倾斜方向网孔53也可以是与横向网孔52和/或纵向网孔51 连通。
虽然原始拼接板存在明显高度差，但是装饰效果中，不存在视觉差异、色差以及肌理差异。干燥后，所得装饰效果如图4所示。
对比例1
1.2m宽第一拼接板1和第二拼接板2之间存在高度差h为1mm，拼接缝0.5mm。
采用传统方式：拼接安装石膏板——处理拼接缝(预埋抗裂带、填充腻子)——钉眼防锈处理——统一在板材表面(包括板缝/拼接缝)批刮腻子——将腻子打磨平整——涂覆底涂层——涂覆面涂层。
对比例2
1.2m宽第一拼接板1和第二拼接板2之间存在高度差h为1mm，拼接缝0.5mm。
采用CN109826341A公开的施工方法，平面拼接缝嵌入石膏，石膏要高出2-3mm，然后贴接缝纸带，压实刮平，再批刮嵌缝石膏。打磨平整后涂覆涂料。
对比例3
1.2m宽第一拼接板1和第二拼接板2之间存在高度差h为1mm，拼接缝0.5mm。
采用CN113150584A的涂料，不使用腻子填充。
Figure PCTCN2021139430-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021139430-appb-000002
开裂性测试：将拼接板作为房屋吊顶，房屋空置，在自然状态下进行观察，本实施例中和对比例1的试验已进行五年，对比例2的试验已经进行了约2.5年。
以上对发明的具体实施例进行了详细描述，但其只是作为范例，本发明并不限制于以上描述的具体实施例。对于本领域技术人员而言，任何对本发明进行的等同修改和替代也都在本发明的范畴之中。因此，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围下所作的均等变换和修改，都应涵盖在本发明内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种拼接板材抗裂饰面的制作方法，其特征在于，包括：
    在具有高度差的板材拼接形成的拼接表面上，沿拼接板材的拼接缝，条状批刮腻子，填充拼接缝，腻子表面从较高拼接板表面向较低拼接板表面倾斜，形成斜面；将条状批刮的腻子打磨平整；从而接顺第一表面，本申请中，第一表面为用于装饰的表面，包括拼接板材的表面与打磨平整的条状批刮的腻子表面；
    整个第一表面上覆盖纤维肌理网络并涂覆浸渗固化剂，纤维肌理网络、浸渗固化剂同时覆盖第一表面腻子覆盖区域和腻子未覆盖区域；浸渗固化剂浸润、渗透穿过纤维肌理网络，并浸润、渗透至腻子和板材表面，或者还浸润、渗透至腻子和/或板材内部，形成装饰层；
    其中，相邻拼接板材在第一表面存在的高度差，不超过5mm；
    其中，所述纤维肌理网络内含有纤维形成的三维互贯网络结构，所述三维互贯网络结构包括纤维、以及所述纤维之间的空隙形成的立体交叉的网孔。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，高度差可以不超过3mm，更优选地，高度差可以不超过2mm；优选地，所述高度差≥0.5mm，更优选地，所述高度差≥1mm。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述接顺第一平面是指，所述条状腻子边缘厚度不超过最大不超过100μm，更优选地不超过50μm，更优选地不超过20μm；但允许≥1μm，更优选为≥5μm，更优选为≥10μm，更优选为≥20μm。
  4. 根据权利要求1或3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述条状批刮腻子，从拼接缝边缘向较低板材方向延伸一延伸距离，形成倾斜延伸部；相邻拼接板之间高度差不超过所述延伸距离的10％，更优选为不超过5％，更优选为不超过4％，更优选为不超过2％；
    更优选地，所述条状批刮腻子，从拼接缝边缘向较低板材方向延伸，延伸距离优选为不超过15cm，更优选为3-15cm，更优选为5-10cm。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，拼接板未覆盖腻子的区域不低于第一表面总面积的70％，更优选为不低于80％，更优选为不低于90％，更优选为不低于95％；
    拼接板覆盖腻子的区域不超过第一表面总面积的30％，更优选为不超过20％， 更优选为不超过10％，更优选为不超过5％。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，覆盖纤维肌理网络的方法选自：
    A)在整个第一表面上涂覆浸渗固化剂，将纤维肌理网络覆盖在浸渗固化剂表面、覆盖整个第一表面，并使得浸渗固化剂渗透纤维肌理网络；
    B)在整个第一表面上第一次涂覆浸渗固化剂，将纤维肌理网络覆盖在浸渗固化剂表面、覆盖整个第一表面，在纤维肌理表面第二次涂覆浸渗固化剂，第一次涂覆的浸渗固化剂和/或第二次涂覆的浸渗固化剂渗透纤维肌理网络，并相互接触形成一个整体；
    C)通过局部涂覆粘结剂，将纤维肌理网络粘附到整个第一表面，然后在纤维肌理网络表面涂覆浸渗固化剂，并使得浸渗固化剂渗透纤维肌理网络。
  7. 根据权利要求1或6所述的方法，其特征在于，覆盖纤维肌理网络之前，还包括涂覆底色涂层的步骤，所述底色涂层覆盖整个第一表面；和/或
    所述装饰层表面还可以覆盖第二涂层，第二涂层可以是第二装饰层、防护层中的一种或更多种。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述纤维的排列为三维立体分布，至少包括水平、竖直、倾斜方向的纤维；
    至少部分纤维中，每一条纤维同时存在水平部分、竖直部分、倾斜方向部分中至少两种，或三种；其中，纤维水平部分、竖直部分、倾斜方向部分中的任意一种或几种相互交叉，和/或纤维水平部分、竖直部分、倾斜方向部分中的任意一种或几种与另一条或多条纤维水平部分、竖直部分、倾斜方向部分中的任意一种或几种相互交叉；
    所述网孔至少包括水平、竖直、倾斜方向的网孔，其中，水平、竖直、倾斜方向网孔中的一种或几种与其他一个或多个水平、竖直、倾斜方向网孔中的一种或几种相互连通；
    所述纤维肌理网络夹芯的纤维连接点的数量优选为1％-100％，更优选为至少10％，更优选为至少50％。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述纤维的直径优选为50nm-5000μm，优选为500nm-1000μm，更优选为1μm-100μm，更优选为1μm-50μm，更优选为5μm-50μm，更优选为5μm-40μm； 所述纤维肌理网络的厚度为0.001mm-5mm，更优选为0.01mm-3mm，更优选为0.05mm-1mm，更优选为0.1mm-0.5mm；
    所述网孔的孔径优选为50nm-10mm，更优选为100nm-5mm，更优选为500nm-3mm，更优选为5μm-2mm，更优选为50μm-1mm，更优选为0.1mm-1mm；
    所述纤维肌理网络夹芯的密度优选为1-300g/m 2，更优选为3-250g/m 2，更优选为5-200g/m 2，更优选为10-150g/m 2，更优选为20-100g/m 2，更优选为20-50g/m 2；
    所述纤维肌理网络断裂伸长率优选为5-50％，更优选为10-30％。
  10. 一种权利要求1所述方法制作的拼接板材抗裂饰面，其特征在于，包括拼接的板材，在板材拼接形成的拼接表面上，沿拼接板材的拼接缝，批刮有条状腻子层，在存在高度差的相邻拼接板的拼接缝处，条状腻子层腻子表面从较高拼接板表面向较低拼接板表面倾斜，形成斜面，从而接顺第一表面；整个第一表面上覆盖包括纤维肌理网络、涂覆浸渗固化剂的装饰层，其中，浸渗固化剂浸润、渗透穿过纤维肌理网络，并浸润、渗透至腻子和板材表面，或者还浸润、渗透至腻子和/或板材内部，形成装饰层。
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