WO2023108528A1 - 减速器、减速传动系统及包括减速传动系统的机器人关节和机器人 - Google Patents

减速器、减速传动系统及包括减速传动系统的机器人关节和机器人 Download PDF

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WO2023108528A1
WO2023108528A1 PCT/CN2021/138697 CN2021138697W WO2023108528A1 WO 2023108528 A1 WO2023108528 A1 WO 2023108528A1 CN 2021138697 W CN2021138697 W CN 2021138697W WO 2023108528 A1 WO2023108528 A1 WO 2023108528A1
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Prior art keywords
input shaft
transmission system
reduction
transmission
transmission input
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PCT/CN2021/138697
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
安然
宋庭科
王世全
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上海非夕机器人科技有限公司
非夕科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023108528A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023108528A1/zh

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H49/00Other gearings
    • F16H49/001Wave gearings, e.g. harmonic drive transmissions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J17/00Joints
    • B25J17/02Wrist joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00Programme-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/10Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements
    • B25J9/102Gears specially adapted therefor, e.g. reduction gears
    • B25J9/1025Harmonic drives
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H1/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/28Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H1/32Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion in which the central axis of the gearing lies inside the periphery of an orbital gear

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of reducers, in particular to a reducer, a reduction transmission system, a robot joint and a robot including the reduction transmission system.
  • Harmonic reducers are usually used in robots as a reduction mechanism that reduces speed and increases torque to adjust the movement speed and output torque of each arm of the robot to achieve harmonic reduction transmission.
  • Harmonic deceleration transmission is a new type of mechanical transmission that relies on the controllable elastic deformation of flexible gears to cause relative misalignment between the teeth of rigid gears and flexible gears to transmit motion and force.
  • Harmonic reducers are usually composed of wave generators, rigid wheels, and flexible wheels. Parts such as cross roller bearings can also be integrated inside the harmonic reducer.
  • the wave generator of the harmonic reducer when the wave generator of the harmonic reducer is driven by the motor shaft to rotate at high speed, the wave generator rotates and squeezes the flex spline to make the flex spline rotate at a low speed, and then drives the rotation of other loads connected to the flex spline or rigid spline .
  • one end of the flexible spline is fixed, and the rigid spline is connected with other loads and drives other loads to rotate.
  • the motor 1 is fixedly connected to the transmission input shaft 2
  • the transmission input shaft 2 is fixedly connected to the wave generator 3 .
  • the motor 1 can drive the transmission input shaft 2 to rotate synchronously, so that the motor 1 , the transmission input shaft 2 and the wave generator 3 can rotate synchronously.
  • the wave generator 3, the rigid wheel 4 and the flexible wheel 5 form a harmonic reducer.
  • the flexible spline 5 has a cylindrical structure and has a trumpet-shaped portion, and is fixed to the housing of the reduction transmission system 1000 .
  • the rigid spline 4 is connected with other loads and rotates to drive other loads.
  • a reducer a reduction transmission system, and a robot joint and a robot including the same.
  • a load is connected to said bell mouth portion.
  • the wave generator is a cam.
  • the distance between the bell mouth portion and the rotation center axis of the transmission input shaft may be greater than the distance between the rigid wheels and the rotation center axis of the transmission input shaft.
  • a reduction transmission system includes: a transmission input shaft; a motor installed on one end of the transmission input shaft; a speed reducer installed on the other end of the transmission input shaft, and the speed reducer includes a wave generator, a rigid wheel and A flexible spline located between the rigid spline and the wave generator; and a transmission output shaft connected to the flexible spline; wherein the rigid spline is fixedly connected, and the flexible spline includes a gear portion and a bell mouth part, the bell mouth part is connected to the transmission output shaft, so as to realize the reduction transmission from the transmission input shaft to the transmission output shaft.
  • a load is connected to the flexspline.
  • the bell mouth portion may face a side of the wave generator away from the motor.
  • the wave generator can be installed on the other end of the transmission input shaft, and the motor, the transmission input shaft and the wave generator can rotate synchronously.
  • the wave generator is a cam.
  • the reduction transmission system may further include a casing, and the rigid wheel is fixed to the casing.
  • the distance between the bell mouth portion and the rotation center axis of the transmission input shaft may be greater than the distance between the rigid wheels and the rotation center axis of the transmission input shaft.
  • the load is directly connected to the flared portion of the flexspline through fasteners.
  • the reduction transmission system may further include a connecting piece.
  • the connecting piece may be connected to the bell mouth portion of the flexspline by a fastener, and fixedly connected to the transmission output shaft.
  • a load may be fixedly connected to said link.
  • the load and the connecting piece may be two independent parts, or the load and the connecting piece may be integrally formed.
  • a first installation hole may be provided on the connecting piece, and a second installation hole may be provided on the bell mouth part.
  • the position of the first mounting hole corresponds to the position of the second mounting hole.
  • the load and the connector are connected to the flared portion via the fastener.
  • the reduction transmission system may further include a support bearing, and the support bearing is installed on the transmission input shaft.
  • the number of the support bearing is one.
  • the reduction transmission system further includes a cross roller bearing, and the cross roller bearing can be arranged between the bell mouth portion of the flexible spline and the rigid spline.
  • an end of the crossed roller bearing away from the bell mouth part may be provided with a bearing oil seal.
  • the transmission input shaft and the transmission output shaft are installed coaxially, and the transmission input shaft is sleeved on the outside of the transmission output shaft.
  • the fasteners are screws or bolts.
  • a robot joint is also provided, and the robot joint includes the reduction transmission system according to any one of the above embodiments.
  • a robot which includes the robot joint as described above.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a reduction transmission system according to the prior art.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic partial sectional view of a reduction transmission system according to the prior art.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a reduction transmission system according to the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic partial sectional view of a reduction transmission system according to the present application.
  • the flexible spline of the harmonic reducer is fixed, and the rigid spline drives the load to rotate. Therefore, the length and mass of the transmission input shaft to which the flexible spline and the rigid spline will be assembled Larger, which is not conducive to the dynamic response of the deceleration transmission system.
  • the present application provides a speed reducer and the reduction transmission system.
  • the speed reducer is configured to achieve a reduction transmission from the transmission input shaft to the transmission output shaft, and includes: a wave generator, which is installed on the transmission input shaft; a fixed rigid wheel; and a flex spline, which is located between the rigid wheel and the wave generator Between, including the gear part and the bell mouth part.
  • the bell mouth portion is configured to be connected to the transmission output shaft.
  • the reduction transmission system includes: a transmission input shaft; a motor installed on one end of the transmission input shaft; a reducer installed on the other end of the transmission input shaft, the reducer includes a wave generator, a rigid wheel and a the flexspline between the wave generators; and the transmission output shaft, which is connected to the flexspline.
  • the rigid spline is fixedly connected
  • the flexible spline includes a gear part and a bell mouth part
  • the bell mouth part is connected to the transmission output shaft to realize the reduction transmission from the transmission input shaft to the transmission output shaft.
  • the wave generator rotates with the motor, and when the flexible spline rotates with the wave generator, one tooth of the flexible spline meshes with a tooth of the rigid spline to mesh with the rigid spline again.
  • the flexspline makes exactly one revolution, while the wave generator makes many revolutions at this time.
  • the ratio of the number of revolutions of the wave generator to the number of revolutions of the flexible spline (1 revolution) is the reduction ratio of the reducer. In this way, the rotational speed of the transmission input shaft is reduced by the speed reducer, so that a reduction transmission can be realized.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a reduction transmission system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the reduction transmission system 100 mainly includes a motor 10 , a transmission input shaft 20 , and a reducer 30 .
  • the motor 10 is fixedly installed on one end of the transmission input shaft 20 and drives the transmission input shaft 20 to rotate.
  • the electric machine 10 has a rotor structure.
  • transmission input shaft 20 may be the rotor shaft of an electric motor.
  • the reduction transmission system 100 further includes components such as a casing, a stator, and a brake assembly.
  • the casing and the stator are fixed parts, and are used to support the rotational movement of the transmission input shaft 20 and the rotational movement of the rotor of the motor 10 .
  • the brake assembly is used to provide braking force to the transmission input shaft 20 . Since the casing, stator, brake assembly, etc. are common basic components in the reduction transmission system, the specific structures of the casing, stator, brake assembly, etc. can be obtained from the prior art, for example, they can be purchased from the market as required can be obtained, and the number can be increased or decreased as needed, which is not specifically limited herein. Due to the existence of necessary components such as housing, stator, brake assembly, etc., the length of the transmission input shaft 20 is difficult to be shortened by reducing the number of these components or reducing the size of these components.
  • the speed reducer 30 is installed on the other end of the transmission input shaft 20 .
  • the speed reducer 30 may include: a wave generator 31 mounted to the transmission input shaft 20; a fixed rigid wheel 32; and a flexible wheel 33 located between the rigid wheel 32 and the wave generator 31, including a gear portion and a bell mouth part.
  • the wave generator 31 can be fixedly mounted on the transmission input shaft 20 .
  • the wave generator 31 has a cam structure.
  • the rigid wheel 33 can be fixed to the casing of the reduction transmission system 100 . Rigid wheel 33 refers to the stronger gear of rigidity.
  • the flexible spline 33 is installed between the wave generator 31 and the rigid spline 32 to realize the reduction transmission of the speed reducer 30 .
  • the flexible spline 33 is connected to a load to drive the load to rotate.
  • the flexible spline 33 is in the shape of a thin-walled cylinder.
  • the flex spline 33 has a cylindrical portion 331 and a bell mouth portion 332 .
  • the flared portion 332 is connected to a load.
  • the load is a structure that rotates with the flexible spline 33 . In other words, the load is the object to be driven by the flexspline 33 .
  • the load is an object with a certain mass, which is used to provide a restraining force to the flexspline 33, so that the flexspline 33 generates a restraining torque, which can help reduce the high rotational speed from the transmission input shaft 20.
  • the damping torque will be further explained below.
  • the load is connected to the flexspline by fasteners.
  • the fasteners may be screws, etc., which are not specifically limited herein.
  • the bell mouth portion 332 of the flexspline 33 faces the outside of the wave generator 31 .
  • the outside of the wave generator 31 is defined as the side of the wave generator 31 away from the motor 10
  • the inside of the wave generator 31 is defined as the side of the wave generator 31 close to the motor 10 .
  • the flex spline 33 when the flex spline 33 is installed on the transmission input shaft 20 , the flex spline 33 is located between the wave generator 31 and the rigid spline 32 .
  • the gear part 3311 of the cylinder portion 331 of the flexspline 33 away from the bell mouth portion 332 is located between the wave generator 31 and the rigid wheel 32, thereby realizing the transmission connection with the transmission input shaft 20, and the bell mouth of the flexspline 33 Section 332 is connected to the load.
  • the wave generator 31 rotates with the motor 10 at high speed
  • the rigid wheel 32 is fixed on the housing of the reduction transmission system 100, and the wave generator 31 rotates and squeezes the flexible wheel 33 to make the flexible wheel 33 rotate at a low speed, and then the flexible wheel 33 drives the connection to the Its load rotates, and then realizes deceleration transmission.
  • the speed reducer 30 by constructing the speed reducer 30 as described above, only the gear portion 3311 of the flexible spline 33 of the speed reducer 30 (that is, it is a part away from the bell mouth portion 332) is located between the wave generator 31 and the rigid spline 32, The rest of the flexspline 33 of the speed reducer 30 (except the above-mentioned gear part 331 ) is away from the transmission input shaft 20 and connected to the load, which means that the rest of the flexspline 33 is not spatially mounted to the transmission. input shaft 20, so that the rest of the flexible spline 33 does not occupy the part installation space on the transmission input shaft 20.
  • the bell-shaped part of the flexspline is fixed to the housing of the reduction transmission system toward the inside of the wave generator, and the part of the cylindrical part of the flexspline that is not between the wave generator and the rigid spline and the horn
  • the mouthpiece would have to take up space for the parts to fit on the transmission input shaft.
  • the part of the flex spline 33 that is not located between the wave generator 31 and the rigid spline 32 will not occupy the parts installation space on the transmission input shaft 20 . Therefore, compared with the prior art, the structure of the speed reducer 30 according to the present application can save the installation space of parts on the transmission input shaft 20 .
  • the length of the transmission input shaft 20 does not need to be too long, so that the length of the transmission input shaft 20 can be shortened.
  • the length of the transmission input shaft in the prior art can be represented by L1
  • the length of the transmission input shaft 20 according to the present application can be represented by L2.
  • J represents the moment of inertia
  • m represents the quality of the transmission input shaft 20
  • r represents the vertical distance between the rotation center axis O of the transmission input shaft 20 and the transmission input shaft 20.
  • the speed reducer 30 since the speed reducer 30 is connected to a load to realize the reduction transmission, the speed reducer 30 can generate restraining torque relative to the kinetic energy input end of the reduction transmission system 100 to reduce the high rotational force of the transmission input shaft 20 .
  • the known restraining torque formula is as follows:
  • T represents the restraining torque
  • F represents the restraining force
  • D represents the restraining force arm
  • represents the restraining coefficient
  • the restraining moment arm D may refer to the distance from the connection between the reducer 30 and the load to the rotation center axis O of the transmission input shaft 20 at the kinetic energy input end of the reduction transmission system 100 .
  • the flexible spline is fixed to the casing of the reduction transmission system, and the rigid spline is connected to the load to realize the reduction transmission.
  • the rigid spline connected to the load of the reducer is relatively
  • the rigid wheel 32 of the reducer 30 is fixed to the housing of the reduction transmission system 100 , and the flexible wheel 33 is connected to the load to realize the reduction transmission.
  • F1 F2.
  • the speed reducer 30 according to the present application can generate a larger restraining moment.
  • the deformation of the flexible spline 33 of the reducer 30 according to the present application is smaller, thereby increasing the stiffness of the reduction transmission of the reduction transmission system 200, which is important for the reduction
  • the reduction transmission of transmission system 200 is very advantageous.
  • the reduction transmission system 100 can include a motor 10, which includes a rotor 11; a transmission input shaft 20; a speed reducer 30, which is installed on the transmission input shaft 20, and includes a wave generator 31, a rigid wheel 32 and The flexible spline 33 located between the wave generator 31 and the rigid spline 32, the flexible spline 33 includes a cylinder portion 331 and a bell mouth portion 332; a connecting piece 60, which is connected to the flexible spline 33; a transmission output shaft 80, which is fixedly connected to The connecting piece 60 , thereby being connected to the speed reducer 30 via the connecting piece 60 ; and the housing 90 .
  • a motor 10 which includes a rotor 11
  • a transmission input shaft 20 which includes a wave generator 31, a rigid wheel 32 and
  • the flexible spline 33 located between the wave generator 31 and the rigid spline 32, the flexible spline 33 includes a cylinder portion 331 and a bell mouth portion 332; a connecting piece 60, which is connected to
  • the speed reducer 30 is connected between the transmission input shaft 20 and the transmission output shaft 80 to perform reduction transmission, and convert the high-speed motion from the transmission input shaft 20 into a low-speed motion and then transmit it to Transmission output shaft 80.
  • the rigid wheel 32 of the speed reducer 30 is fixed to the housing 90 .
  • the flare portion 332 of the flex spline 33 of the speed reducer 30 is connected to a load (not shown).
  • the reduction transmission system 100 also includes a crossed roller bearing 40 .
  • the crossed roller bearing 40 is disposed between the bell mouth portion 332 of the flexspline 33 and the rigid spline 32 to ensure the smooth rotation of the flexspline 33 relative to the rigid spline 32 .
  • the end of the crossed roller bearing 40 away from the bell mouth portion 332 can be provided with a bearing oil seal 41 to prevent oil leakage inside the reducer 30 and ensure the normal operation of the reducer 30 .
  • the connecting member 60 is connected to the bell mouth portion 332 of the flexspline 33 through the fastener 50 , so as to connect the bell mouth portion 332 of the flexspline 33 to the transmission output shaft 80 .
  • the speed reducer 30 can transmit the rotational motion from the transmission input shaft 20 to the transmission output shaft 80 via the connecting member 60 .
  • the fastener 50 may be, for example, a screw, a bolt, or the like.
  • the fastener 50 may have any structure, which is not specifically limited by the present application.
  • a first mounting hole 61 may be disposed on the connecting member 60 .
  • a second mounting hole 333 may be disposed on the bell mouth portion 332 of the flexspline 33 .
  • a third mounting hole may be provided on the crossed roller bearing 40 .
  • the positions of the first installation hole 61 , the second installation hole 333 and the third installation hole correspond to each other.
  • Fasteners 50 can be installed in the first installation hole 61 , the second installation hole 333 and the third installation hole to fix the connecting member 60 , the flexible spline 33 and the crossed roller bearing 40 together.
  • the load can be directly connected to the flare portion 332 of the flexspline 33 through the fastener 50 through the first mounting hole 61 and the second mounting hole 72 .
  • the connecting member 60 may be provided with other mounting holes (not shown) to be connected to the load, so that the load can provide a restraining force to the bell mouth portion 332 of the flex spline 33 of the speed reducer 30 to help reduce the The speed comes from the high rotational force of the rotor 11 of the motor 10. That is, the load may be connected to the flared portion 332 of the flexspline 33 via the connection piece 60 .
  • the speed reducer 30 transmits the speed motion from the transmission input shaft 20 to the transmission output shaft 80 through the bell mouth portion 332 of the flex spline 33, as long as the load can provide a restraining force to the bell mouth portion 332 of the flex spline 33, the speed reducer 30 will A restraining moment can be generated from the flared portion 332 of the flexspline 33 to the rotational center axis O of the transmission input shaft 20 regardless of the installation position of the load relative to the flared portion 332 .
  • the load and the connecting member 60 may be two independent parts, or integrally formed, which is not specifically limited in the present application.
  • the transmission input shaft 20 is installed coaxially with the transmission output shaft 80 .
  • the transmission input shaft 20 is sleeved on the outside of the transmission output shaft 80 .
  • the reduction drive system 100 also includes a support bearing 70 .
  • the support bearing 70 is used to support the transmission input shaft 20 and the transmission output shaft 80 to ensure the smooth rotation of the transmission input shaft 20 and the transmission output shaft 80 .
  • the supporting bearing 70 is installed on the transmission input shaft 20 through a bearing retaining ring.
  • the transmission input shaft 20 may be provided with a retaining ring groove.
  • the bearing retaining ring is installed in the retaining ring groove.
  • the structure of the reduction transmission system 100 according to the present application is more compact than the prior art, and the number of support bearings 70 can be only one, which can ensure the normal operation of the reduction transmission system 100.
  • the mass of the bearing used to support the rotation in the reduction transmission system 100 is reduced, the mass of the kinetic energy input end of the reduction transmission system 100 is also further reduced, which is beneficial to reduce the moment of inertia of the kinetic energy input end of the reduction transmission system 100 .
  • the reduction transmission system when the rigid spline is connected to the load and the flexible spline is fixed to the casing of the reduction transmission system, due to the long length of the transmission input shaft, the reduction transmission system needs to include At least two bearings, eg, a first bearing and a second bearing, to ensure normal rotation of the transmission input shaft.
  • the first bearing 6 is installed between the transmission input shaft and the transmission output shaft for supporting the transmission input shaft and the transmission output shaft and ensuring the normal rotation of the transmission input shaft and the transmission output shaft.
  • the second bearing 7 is installed between the flex spline 5 and the transmission input shaft, and is used to support the transmission input shaft and ensure the normal rotation of the transmission input shaft.
  • the first bearing 6 and the second bearing 7 are installed on the transmission input shaft through the first bearing retaining ring and the second bearing retaining ring respectively.
  • the transmission input shaft needs to be provided with a first mounting groove and a second mounting groove to respectively install the first bearing retaining ring and the second bearing retaining ring.
  • at least two installation grooves for installing the bearing retaining ring are inevitably opened on the transmission input shaft, and the transmission input shaft inevitably has a relatively large mass.
  • the more slots are opened on the transmission input shaft the more stress concentration parts will be generated on the transmission input shaft, and the more load the transmission input shaft will bear as a whole, which will accelerate the wear of the transmission input shaft.
  • the rigid wheel 32 of the speed reducer 30 is fixed to the housing 90 of the reduction transmission system 100, and the flexible spline 32 is connected to the load through its bell mouth portion 332, and the reduction transmission system 100 can only A support bearing 70 is required.
  • the number of supporting bearings is greatly reduced, thereby reducing the number of bearing retaining rings used to install the supporting bearings, and the retaining rings for installing bearing retaining rings are used on the transmission input shaft 20
  • the reduced number of slots greatly reduces the number of stress concentration-generating portions on the transmission input shaft 20 . Further, this can make the force on the transmission input shaft 20 more uniform and reduce wear on the transmission input shaft 20 .
  • the length of the transmission input shaft 20 can be further reduced due to the reduced number of support bearings. Further, the length of the transmission output shaft 80 can also be reduced correspondingly. This can greatly reduce the mass of the kinetic energy input end of the entire reduction transmission system 100 , reduce ineffective losses during the reduction transmission process, and improve the dynamic response performance of the reduction transmission system 100 . Since the transmission input shaft 20 does not need to have multiple retaining ring grooves, it facilitates the manufacture and installation of the transmission input shaft 20, and further facilitates the installation of the reduction transmission system 100.
  • FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are only various examples of embodiments of the present application, and do not constitute a limitation on the application of the technical solution of the present application to other devices.
  • a robot joint is also provided.
  • the robotic joint may include a gripper; reduction drive system 100 as described above.
  • the jaw is connected to the kinetic energy output end of the reduction transmission system 100 .
  • the reduction transmission system 100 includes a transmission input shaft; a motor, which is installed on one end of the transmission input shaft; the flexspline between the generators; and the transmission output shaft, which is connected to the flexspline.
  • the rigid spline is fixedly connected
  • the flexible spline includes a gear part and a bell mouth part, and the bell mouth part is connected to the transmission output shaft to realize the deceleration transmission from the transmission input shaft to the transmission output shaft.
  • the jaw is connected to the transmission output shaft.
  • a robot is also provided.
  • the robot may comprise robot joints as described above.
  • the above-mentioned robot joint and robot can have a relatively compact structure, can save processing cost and material consumption, and have high dynamic response performance.

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Abstract

本申请涉及一种减速传动系统以及包括该减速传动系统的机器人关节和机器人。该减速器配置为实现从传动输入轴向传动输出轴的减速传动,并包括:波发生器,其安装至传动输入轴;被固定的刚轮;和柔轮,其位于刚轮与波发生器之间,包括齿轮部分和喇叭口部分。其中,喇叭口部分被配置为连接至传动输出轴。

Description

减速器、减速传动系统及包括减速传动系统的机器人关节和机器人
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2021年12月13日提交中国专利局、申请号为2021115220023的中国专利申请的优先权,所述专利申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及减速器技术领域,具体地涉及一种减速器、减速传动系统以及包括减速传动系统的机器人关节和机器人。
背景技术
近年来,机器人技术一直保持着高度的突破与发展。由于机器人能够完成一些高精度的、复杂性以及重复性的工作,大量减少了人为操作的时间和精力,因此机器人被广泛应用于工业生产中。谐波减速器作为一种降低转速、增加扭矩的减速机构而通常用于机器人中,以调节机器人各臂的运动速度和输出扭矩,实现谐波减速传动。谐波减速传动是一种依靠柔性齿轮所产生的可控弹性变形引起刚性齿轮的齿与柔性齿轮的齿之间的相对错齿来传递运动和力的新型机械传动。谐波减速器通常由波发生器、刚轮、柔轮组成。谐波减速器内部还可集成有交叉滚子轴承等零件。
通常地,当谐波减速器的波发生器由电机轴带动而高速旋转时,波发生器旋转挤压柔轮使柔轮发生低速旋转,进而带动与柔轮或刚轮相连的其他负载的旋转。在这个过程中,通常柔轮的一端被固定,刚轮与其他负载相连并驱动其他负载旋转。例如,如图1中所示,在减速传动系统1000中,电机1与传动输入轴2固定连接,传动输入轴2与波发生器3固定连接。如此,电机1可带动传动输入轴2同步旋转,从而电机1、传动输入轴2和波发生器3可进行同步旋转。波发生器3、刚轮4和柔轮5构成谐波减速器。柔轮5呈筒状结构并具有喇叭口状部分,并被固定于减速传动系统1000的壳体,刚轮4与其他负载相连并旋转驱动其他负载。由此,当波发生器3在电机1的驱动下高速旋转时,波发生器3可带动刚轮4发生低速旋转,刚轮4可带动其他负载旋转,进而实现减速传动。
然而,在上述谐波减速器的构造中,由于柔轮5的喇叭口状部分朝向靠近电机1的方向被固定于减速传动系统1000的壳体,且刚轮4与其他负载相连并旋转驱动其他负载,因此,在 柔轮5组装至传动输入轴2时,柔轮5的朝内的喇叭口状部分和筒状部分将不得不占据传动输入轴2的一部分零件安装空间,导致传动输入轴2的长度不可避免地较长,进而质量较大,这使得在工作过程中整个减速传动系统1000的质量和动能输入端的转动惯量都会较大,影响减速传动系统1000的动态响应。
发明内容
根据本公开的各种实施例,提供一种减速器、减速传动系统以及包括其的机器人关节和机器人。
根据本申请的一方面,一种减速器,其配置为实现从传动输入轴向传动输出轴的减速传动,包括:波发生器,其安装至所述传动输入轴;被固定的刚轮;和柔轮,其位于所述刚轮与所述波发生器之间,包括齿轮部分和喇叭口部分;其中,所述喇叭口部分被配置为连接至所述传动输出轴。
在其中一个实施例中,负载连接至所述喇叭口部分。
在其中一个实施例中,所述波发生器为凸轮。
在其中一个实施例中,所述喇叭口部分距所述传动输入轴的旋转中心轴线的距离可大于所述刚轮距所述传动输入轴的旋转中心轴线的距离。
根据本申请的另一方面,提供一种减速传动系统。该减速传动系统包括:传动输入轴;电机,其安装在所述传动输入轴的一端;减速器,其安装在所述传动输入轴的另一端,所述减速器包括波发生器、刚轮和位于所述刚轮与所述波发生器之间的柔轮;以及传动输出轴,其连接至所述柔轮;其中,所述刚轮被固定连接,所述柔轮包括齿轮部分和喇叭口部分,所述喇叭口部分连接至所述传动输出轴,以实现从所述传动输入轴至所述传动输出轴的减速传动。
在其中一个实施例中,负载连接至所述柔轮。
在其中一个实施例中,所述喇叭口部分可朝向所述波发生器的远离所述电机的一侧。
在其中一个实施例中,所述波发生器可安装于所述传动输入轴的所述另一端,所述电机、所述传动输入轴和所述波发生器可同步旋转。
在其中一个实施例中,所述波发生器为凸轮。
在其中一个实施例中,所述减速传动系统还可包括壳体,所述刚轮固定于所述壳体。
在其中一个实施例中,所述喇叭口部分距所述传动输入轴的旋转中心轴线的距离可大于所述刚轮距所述传动输入轴的旋转中心轴线的距离。
在其中一个实施例中,所述负载通过紧固件直接连接至所述柔轮的所述喇叭口部分。
在其中一个实施例中,所述减速传动系统还可包括连接件。所述连接件可通过紧固件连接至所述柔轮的所述喇叭口部分,并固定连接至所述传动输出轴。
在其中一个实施例中,负载可固定连接至所述连接件。
在其中一个实施例中,所述负载和所述连接件可以为两个独立的部件,或者所述负载和连接件可一体成形。
在其中一个实施例中,所述连接件上可设置有第一安装孔,所述喇叭口部分可设置有第二安装孔。所述第一安装孔的位置与所述第二安装孔的位置相对应。负载和所述连接件经由所述紧固件连接至所述喇叭口部分。
在其中一个实施例中,所述减速传动系统还可包括支撑轴承,所述支撑轴承安装在所述传动输入轴上。
在其中一个实施例中,所述支撑轴承的数量为一个。
在其中一个实施例中,所述减速传动系统还包括交叉滚子轴承,所述交叉滚子轴承可设置在所述柔轮的喇叭口部分与所述刚轮之间。
在其中一个实施例中,所述交叉滚子轴承的远离所述喇叭口部分的一端可设置有轴承油封。
在其中一个实施例中,所述传动输入轴与所述传动输出轴同轴安装,并且所述传动输入轴套设在所述传动输出轴外。
在其中一个实施例中,所述紧固件为螺丝或螺栓。
根据本申请的另一方面,还提供一种机器人关节,所述机器人关节包括根据如上任一实施例所述的减速传动系统。
根据本申请的另一方面,还提供一种机器人,所述机器人包括根据如上所述的机器人关节。
本申请的一个或多个实施例的细节将在下面的附图和描述中进行阐述。本申请的其它特征和优点将从说明书、附图以及权利要求书变得显而易见。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请的实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1是根据现有技术的减速传动系统的结构示意简图。
图2是根据现有技术的减速传动系统的局部截面示意图。
图3是根据本申请的减速传动系统的结构示意简图。
图4是根据本申请的减速传动系统的局部截面示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明。但是本发明能够以很多不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施,本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似改进,因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“中心”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“轴向”、“径向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或成一体;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系,除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
需要说明的是,当元件被称为“固定于”或“设置于”另一个元件,它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件,它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的,并不表示是唯一的实施方式。
根据背景技术中所述,在现有技术中,通常谐波减速器的柔轮被固定,刚轮驱动负载转动,因此,柔轮和刚轮将要组装至其上的传动输入轴的长度和质量较大,这不利于减速传送系统的动态响应。为了提高减速传动系统的动态响应,本申请提供一种减速器和减速传动系统。该减速器配置为实现从传动输入轴向传动输出轴的减速传动,其包括:波发生器,其安装至传动输入轴;被固定的刚轮;和柔轮,其位于刚轮与波发生器之间,包括齿轮部分和喇叭口部分。其中,该喇叭口部分被配置为连接至传动输出轴。该减速传动系统,包括:传动输入轴;电机, 其安装在传动输入轴的一端;减速器,其安装在传动输入轴的另一端,该减速器包括波发生器、刚轮和位于刚轮与波发生器之间的柔轮;以及传动输出轴,其连接至柔轮。其中,刚轮被固定连接,柔轮包括齿轮部分和喇叭口部分,该喇叭口部分连接至传动输出轴,以实现从传动输入轴至传动输出轴的减速传动。
在减速传动的工作过程中,波发生器随着电机一起旋转,柔轮在随着波发生器转动的过程中,柔轮的一个齿从与刚轮的一个齿啮合到再一次与刚轮上的这个齿相啮合时,柔轮恰好旋转一周,而此时波发生器旋转了很多圈。波发生器的旋转圈数与柔轮的旋转圈数(1圈)之比为减速器的减速比。以此方式,传动输入轴的旋转速度被减速器降低,从而可实现减速传动。
以下将参照图3详细描述根据本申请的减速传动系统的结构和优点。
图3是根据本申请一个实施例的减速传动系统的结构示意简图。减速传动系统100主要包括电机10、传动输入轴20、和减速器30。电机10固定地安装在传动输入轴20的一端,并驱动传动输入轴20旋转。电机10具有转子结构。在一些实施例中,传动输入轴20可以是电机的转子转轴。
在一实施例中,减速传动系统100还包括壳体、定子、刹车组件等部件。壳体、定子是固定不动的部件,用于支撑传动输入轴20的旋转运动、电机10的转子的旋转运动。刹车组件用于向传动输入轴20提供制动力。由于壳体、定子、刹车组件等是减速传动系统中常见的基本部件,因此,壳体、定子、刹车组件等的具体结构可从现有技术中获得,例如,其可根据需要从市场上购得,并可根据需要进行数量的增加和减少,对此本文在此不做具体限定。由于壳体、定子、刹车组件等必需部件的存在,传动输入轴20的长度很难通过减少这些部件的数量或减少这些部件的尺寸而被缩短。
减速器30安装在传动输入轴20的另一端。减速器30可包括:波发生器31,其安装至传动输入轴20;被固定的刚轮32;和柔轮33,其位于刚轮32与波发生器31之间,包括齿轮部分和喇叭口部分。波发生器31可固定地安装在传动输入轴20上。波发生器31具有凸轮结构。刚轮33可固定于减速传动系统100的壳体。刚轮33是指刚性较强的齿轮。
在本申请的实施例中,柔轮33安装在波发生器31与刚轮32之间,以实现减速器30的减速传动。柔轮33连接至一负载,以驱动该负载转动。具体地,柔轮33呈薄壁筒体状。柔轮33具有筒体部331和喇叭口部分332。喇叭口部分332连接至负载。负载是跟随柔轮33一起旋转的结构。换句话说,负载是柔轮33要驱动的对象。负载是具有一定的质量的物体,用于向柔轮33提供抑制力,以使柔轮33产生抑制力矩,该抑制力矩可有助于降低来自传动输入轴 20的高转速。该抑制力矩将会在下文作进一步说明。负载通过紧固件连接至柔轮。紧固件可以为螺丝等,本文在此不对其进行具体限定。
在本申请的实施例中,柔轮33的喇叭口部分332朝向波发生器31的外侧。在本文中,波发生器31的外侧被定义为波发生器31的远离电机10的一侧,相应地,波发生器31的内侧被定义为波发生器31的靠近电机10的一侧。在本申请的实施例中,当柔轮33安装至传动输入轴20上时,柔轮33位于波发生器31与刚轮32之间。具体地,柔轮33的筒体部331的远离喇叭口部分332的齿轮部分3311位于波发生器31与刚轮32之间,从而实现与传动输入轴20的传动连接,柔轮33的喇叭口部分332连接至负载。当波发生器31随电机10高速旋转时,刚轮32固定于减速传动系统100的壳体,波发生器31旋转挤压柔轮33使柔轮33发生低速旋转,进而柔轮33带动连接至其的负载进行旋转,进而实现减速传动。
根据本申请,通过如上所述构造减速器30,减速器30的柔轮33的仅齿轮部分3311(即,其为远离喇叭口部分332的一部分)位于波发生器31与刚轮32之间,减速器30的柔轮33的其余部分(除上述齿轮部分331之外的部分)远离传动输入轴20并连接至负载,这相当于柔轮33的所述其余部分在空间上并不安装至传动输入轴20上,从而柔轮33的所述其余部分不占据传动输入轴20上的零件安装空间。
在现有技术中,柔轮的喇叭口状部分朝向波发生器的内侧被固定于减速传动系统的壳体,柔轮的筒体部的未位于波发生器与刚轮之间的部分以及喇叭口状部分将不得不占据传动输入轴上的零件安装空间。然而,在本申请中,通过如上所述构造减速器30,柔轮33的未位于波发生器31与刚轮32之间的部分将不占据传动输入轴20上的零件安装空间。由此,相比于现有技术,根据本申请的减速器30的构造可节省传动输入轴20上的零件安装空间。如此,传动输入轴20的长度就不需要太长,从而可缩短传动输入轴20的长度。具体地,如图3中所示,现有技术中的传动输入轴的长度可用L1来表示,根据本申请的传动输入轴20的长度可用L2来表示,根据本申请的传动输入轴20相比于现有技术的长度缩短量用ΔL来表示,则ΔL=L1-L2。通过该构造,传动输入轴20的轴向尺寸减小,从而传动输入轴20变得更加容易被加工,这可降低减速传动系统100的加工成本和材料用量。
由于传动输入轴20的轴向尺寸减小,因此传动输入轴20的质量也随之减小。已知转动惯量公式如下:
J=mr^2,
其中,J表示转动惯量,m表示传动输入轴20的质量,r表示传动输入轴20的旋转中心 轴线O与传动输入轴20的垂直距离。根据转动惯量公式可知,在传动输入轴20的形状不变或者r不变的情况下,当传动输入轴20的质量减小时,传动输入轴20的转动惯量也减小,从而减速传动系统100的动能输入端(即,提供动能的电机10所在的端部)的转动惯量可被降低,这有利于提高减速传动系统的动态响应性能。
此外,由于减速器30连接至负载以实现减速传动,因此减速器30可相对于减速传动系统100的动能输入端产生抑制力矩,以降低传动输入轴20的高旋转力。已知抑制力矩公式如下:
T=μFD,
其中,T表示抑制力矩,F表示抑制力,D表示抑制力臂,μ表示抑制系数。
在本申请中,抑制力臂D可指从减速器30与负载的连接处至减速传动系统100的动能输入端的传动输入轴20的旋转中心轴线O的距离。
在现有技术中,柔轮固定于减速传动系统的壳体,刚轮连接至负载以实现减速传动,如图1中所示,则减速器的与负载连接的刚轮相对于减速传动系统的动能输入端可产生抑制力矩,减速器所能产生的抑制力矩T1=μF1D1。而在本申请中,减速器30的刚轮32固定于减速传动系统100的壳体,柔轮33连接至负载以实现减速传动。具体地,柔轮33的喇叭口部分332连接至负载,从而减速器30的柔轮33的喇叭口部分332相对于减速传动系统100的动能输入端产生抑制力矩,减速器30所能产生的抑制力矩T2=μF1D2。在减速器30所连接的负载的形状和构造皆不发生变化的情况下,F1=F2。然而,由于柔轮33的喇叭口部分332连接至负载,且柔轮33的喇叭口部分332距传动输入轴20的旋转中心轴线O的距离大于刚轮32距传动输入轴20的旋转中心轴线O的距离,因此,根据本申请的减速器30的抑制力臂D2(参见图3)大于现有技术中的减速器的抑制力臂D1(参见图1),即D2>D1。因此,由于F1=F2,且D1<D2,则T1<T2。也就是说,相比于现有技术,在相同的空间限制条件下,根据本申请的减速器30可产生更大的抑制力矩。在规格相同的减速器的情况下,相比与现有技术,根据本申请的减速器30的柔轮33的变形更小,从而增大了减速传动系统200的减速传动的刚度,这对于减速传动系统200的减速传动是非常有利的。
具体地,将参照图4具体描述上述减速传动系统100的结构以及减速传动系统100的优点。如图4中所示,减速传动系统100可包括电机10,其包括转子11;传动输入轴20;减速器30,其安装在传动输入轴20上,并包括波发生器31、刚轮32以及位于波发生器31与刚轮32之间的柔轮33,柔轮33包括筒体部331和喇叭口部分332;连接件60,其连接至柔轮33;传动输出轴80,其固定连接至连接件60,从而经由连接件60连接至减速器30;以及壳体90。
在本申请的实施例中,减速器30连接在传动输入轴20与传动输出轴80之间,以进行减速传动,将来自传动输入轴20的高转速运动转变为低转速运动进而将其传递至传动输出轴80。具体地,减速器30的刚轮32固定于壳体90。减速器30的柔轮33的喇叭口部分332连接至负载(未图示)。
此外,减速传动系统100还包括交叉滚子轴承40。交叉滚子轴承40设置在柔轮33的喇叭口部分332与刚轮32之间,以保证柔轮33相对于刚轮32的平稳旋转。交叉滚子轴承40的远离喇叭口部分332的一端可设置有轴承油封41,以防止减速器30内部的油的外泄,保证减速器30的正常运行。
在本申请的实施例中,连接件60通过紧固件50连接至柔轮33的喇叭口部分332,从而将柔轮33的喇叭口部分332连接至传动输出轴80。由此,减速器30可经由连接件60将来自传动输入轴20的旋转运动传递至传动输出轴80。紧固件50可以为例如螺丝、螺栓等。只要将柔轮33的喇叭口部分332牢固地连接至连接件60,紧固件50可具有任意结构,本申请对此不作具体限定。
连接件60上可设置有第一安装孔61。柔轮33的喇叭口部分332上可设置有第二安装孔333。交叉滚子轴承40上可设置有第三安装孔。第一安装孔61、第二安装孔333和第三安装孔的位置彼此相对应。紧固件50可安装至第一安装孔61、第二安装孔333和第三安装孔中,以将连接件60、柔轮33和交叉滚子轴承40固定在一起。在其中一个实施例中,负载可经由紧固件50通过第一安装孔61和第二安装孔72直接连接至柔轮33的喇叭口部分332。在其他实施例中,连接件60可设置有其他安装孔(未示出),以连接至负载,从而使得负载可向减速器30的柔轮33的喇叭口部分332提供抑制力,以帮助降低速来自电机10的转子11的高旋转力。即,负载可经由连接件60连接至柔轮33的喇叭口部分332。由于减速器30将来自传动输入轴20的转速运动经由柔轮33的喇叭口部分332传递至传动输出轴80,因此只要负载能够向柔轮33的喇叭口部分332提供抑制力,减速器30便可产生自柔轮33的喇叭口部分332至传动输入轴20的旋转中心轴线O的抑制力矩,与负载相对于喇叭口部分332的安装位置无关。因此,无论负载是直接连接至柔轮33的喇叭口部分332,还是间接连接至柔轮33的喇叭口部分332,都不对该抑制力矩产生影响,该抑制力矩主要取决于负载的质量和减速器30的用于连接负载的部分的位置。因此,负载与连接件60可以是两个独立部件,也可一体成形,本申请对此不进行具体限制。
此外,传动输入轴20与传动输出轴80同轴安装。传动输入轴20套设在传动输出轴80 外。减速传动系统100还包括支撑轴承70。支撑轴承70用于支撑传动输入轴20和传动输出轴80,以保证传动输入轴20和传动输出轴80的平稳旋转。支撑轴承70通过轴承挡圈安装在传动输入轴20上。具体地,传动输入轴20上可开设有挡圈槽。轴承挡圈安装在该挡圈槽内。
如上所述,由于根据本申请的减速器30的柔轮33的喇叭口部分322朝向波发生器的外侧,从而大大降低了柔轮33在传动输入轴20上的占据空间,使得传动输入轴20的长度减小,因此,根据本申请的减速传动系统100的结构相对于现有技术更为紧凑,支撑轴承70的数可仅为一个,便可保证减速传动系统100的正常运行。进一步地,由于减速传动系统100中的用于支撑旋转的轴承的质量降低,因此,减速传动系统100的动能输入端的质量也进一步降低,这有利于降低减速传动系统100的动能输入端的转动惯量。
此外,在根据现有技术的减速传动系统中,当将刚轮连接至负载,柔轮固定于例如减速传动系统的壳体时,由于传动输入轴的长度较长,该减速传动系统则需包括至少两个轴承,例如,第一轴承和第二轴承,以保证传动输入轴的正常旋转。如图2所示,第一轴承6安装在传动输入轴与传动输出轴之间,用于支撑传动输入轴和传动输出轴,并保证传动输入轴与传动输出轴的正常旋转。第二轴承7安装在柔轮5与传动输入轴之间,用于支撑传动输入轴,保证传动输入轴的正常旋转。第一轴承6和第二轴承7分别通过第一轴承挡圈和第二轴承挡圈安装在传动输入轴上。传动输入轴上需开设有第一安装槽和第二安装槽,以分别安装第一轴承挡圈和第二轴承挡圈。如此,传动输入轴上则不可避免地开设有用于安装轴承挡圈的至少两个安装槽,并且将不可避免地具有较大的质量。而且,在传动输入轴上开设的槽越多,则传动输入轴上产生应力集中的部分越多,传动输入轴整体所承受的负荷将越多,这将加速传动输入轴的磨损。
然而,在根据本申请的减速传动系统100中,减速器30的刚轮32固定于减速传动系统100的壳体90,柔轮32通过其喇叭口部分332连接至负载,减速传动系统100可仅需要一个支撑轴承70。相比与如上所述的现有技术,在本申请中,支撑轴承的数量大大减少,从而用于安装支撑轴承的轴承挡圈的数量减少,传动输入轴20上用安装轴承挡圈的挡圈槽的数量减少,这大大降低了传动输入轴20上的产生应力集中的部分的数量。进一步地,这可使得传动输入轴20上的受力更加均匀,减少对传动输入轴20的磨损。
此外,由于支撑轴承的数量减少,传动输入轴20的长度可进一步降低。进一步地,传动输出轴80的长度也相应可降低。这可大大降低整个减速传动系统100的动能输入端的质量,减少减速传动过程中的无效损失,提高减速传动系统100的动态响应性能。由于传动输入轴20无需开设多个挡圈槽,因此,可便于传动输入轴20的制造和安装,进而便于减速传动系统 100的安装。
本领域技术人员可以理解的是,图3和图4中所示出的结构仅为本申请的实施例的各种示例,并不构成对本申请的技术方案应用于其他设备上的限定。
根据本申请的各种实施例,还提供一种机器人关节。该机器人关节可包括夹爪;如上所述的减速传动系统100。该夹爪连接至该减速传动系统100的动能输出端。该减速传动系统100包括传动输入轴;电机,其安装在传动输入轴的一端;减速器,其安装在传动输入轴的另一端,该减速器包括波发生器、刚轮和位于刚轮与波发生器之间的柔轮;以及传动输出轴,其连接至柔轮。其中,刚轮被固定连接,柔轮包括齿轮部分和喇叭口部分,喇叭口部分连接至传动输出轴,以实现从传动输入轴至传动输出轴的减速传动。具体地,该夹爪连接至传动输出轴。
根据本申请的各种实施例,还提供一种机器人。该机器人可包括如上所述的机器人关节。
相比于现有技术,上述机器人关节和机器人可具有较为紧凑的结构,并且可节省加工成本和材料用量,具有较高的动态响应性能。
以上实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本申请构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此,本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种减速器,其配置为实现从传动输入轴向传动输出轴的减速传动,包括:
    波发生器,其安装至所述传动输入轴;
    被固定的刚轮;和
    柔轮,其位于所述刚轮与所述波发生器之间,包括齿轮部分和喇叭口部分;
    其中,所述喇叭口部分被配置为连接至所述传动输出轴。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的减速器,其特征在于,负载连接至所述喇叭口部分。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的减速器,其特征在于,所述波发生器为凸轮。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的减速器,其特征在于,所述喇叭口部分距所述传动输入轴的旋转中心轴线的距离大于所述刚轮距所述传动输入轴的旋转中心轴线的距离。
  5. 一种减速传动系统,包括:
    传动输入轴;
    电机,其安装在所述传动输入轴的一端;
    减速器,其安装在所述传动输入轴的另一端,所述减速器包括波发生器、刚轮和位于所述刚轮与所述波发生器之间的柔轮;以及
    传动输出轴,其连接至所述柔轮;
    其中,所述刚轮被固定连接,所述柔轮包括齿轮部分和喇叭口部分,所述喇叭口部分连接至所述传动输出轴,以实现从所述传动输入轴至所述传动输出轴的减速传动。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的减速传动系统,其特征在于,负载连接至所述柔轮。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的减速传动系统,其特征在于,所述喇叭口部分朝向所述波发生器的远离所述电机的一侧。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的减速传动系统,其特征在于,所述波发生器安装于所述传动输入轴的另一端,所述电机、所述传动输入轴和所述波发生器同步旋转。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的减速传动系统,其特征在于,所述波发生器为凸轮。
  10. 根据权利要求5所述的减速传动系统,其特征在于,所述减速传动系统还包括壳体,所述刚轮固定于所述壳体。
  11. 根据权利要求5所述的减速传动系统,其特征在于,所述喇叭口部分距所述传动输入轴的旋转中心轴线的距离大于所述刚轮距所述传动输入轴的旋转中心轴线的距离。
  12. 根据权利要求6所述的减速传动系统,其特征在于,所述负载通过紧固件直接连接至所述柔轮的所述喇叭口部分。
  13. 根据权利要求5所述的减速传动系统,其特征在于,所述减速传动系统还包括连接件,所述连接件通过紧固件连接至所述柔轮的所述喇叭口部分,并固定连接至所述传动输出轴。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的减速传动系统,其特征在于,负载固定连接至所述连接件。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的减速传动系统,其特征在于,所述负载和所述连接件为两个独立的部件,或者所述负载和连接件一体成形。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的减速传动系统,其特征在于,所述连接件上设置有第一安装孔,所述喇叭口部分设置有第二安装孔,所述第一安装孔的位置与所述第二安装孔的位置相对应,负载和所述连接件经由所述紧固件连接至所述喇叭口部分。
  17. 根据权利要求5所述的减速传动系统,其特征在于,所述减速传动系统还包括支撑轴承,所述支撑轴承安装在所述传动输入轴上。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的减速传动系统,其特征在于,所述支撑轴承的数量为一个。
  19. 根据权利要求5所述的减速传动系统,其特征在于,所述减速传动系统还包括交叉滚子轴承,所述交叉滚子轴承设置在所述柔轮的喇叭口部分与所述刚轮之间。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的减速传动系统,其特征在于,所述交叉滚子轴承的远离所述喇叭口部分的一端设置有轴承油封。
  21. 根据权利要求5所述的减速传动系统,其特征在于,所述传动输入轴与所述传动输出轴同轴安装,并且所述传动输入轴套设在所述传动输出轴外。
  22. 根据权利要求16所述的减速传动系统,其特征在于,所述紧固件为螺丝或螺栓。
  23. 一种机器人关节,包括根据权利要求5-22中任一项所述的减速传动系统。
  24. 一种机器人,包括根据权利要求23所述的机器人关节。
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