WO2023100015A1 - 表示装置、及び電子機器 - Google Patents
表示装置、及び電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023100015A1 WO2023100015A1 PCT/IB2022/061058 IB2022061058W WO2023100015A1 WO 2023100015 A1 WO2023100015 A1 WO 2023100015A1 IB 2022061058 W IB2022061058 W IB 2022061058W WO 2023100015 A1 WO2023100015 A1 WO 2023100015A1
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- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
- G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
- G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
- G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
- G09G3/3225—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix
- G09G3/3233—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix with pixel circuitry controlling the current through the light-emitting element
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- G09F9/335—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being semiconductor devices, e.g. diodes being organic light emitting diodes [OLED]
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- G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
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- G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
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Definitions
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to display devices and electronic devices.
- one aspect of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field.
- the technical field of the invention disclosed in this specification and the like relates to an object, a driving method, or a manufacturing method.
- one aspect of the invention relates to a process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter. Therefore, the technical fields of one embodiment of the present invention disclosed in this specification more specifically include semiconductor devices, display devices, liquid crystal display devices, light-emitting devices, power storage devices, imaging devices, storage devices, signal processing devices, and processors. , electronic devices, systems, methods of driving them, methods of manufacturing them, or methods of testing them.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a configuration in which a display portion of a display device is divided and one of a plurality of display portions and a driving circuit corresponding to the display portion are overlapped.
- a driver circuit corresponding to one display area may be arranged so as to overlap the display area in plan view.
- the display device can be manufactured, for example, by providing the driver circuit over a semiconductor substrate and providing display pixels above the driver circuit.
- the diagonal size of such a display device is limited by the size of the semiconductor substrate.
- a wafer made of silicon hereinafter referred to as a silicon wafer
- a silicon wafer with a diameter of more than 20 inches is required to manufacture a display device with a diagonal size of more than 20 inches. necessary. Since the diameter of silicon wafers used in current semiconductor manufacturing lines is approximately up to 300 mm (approximately 12 inches), it can be said that it is difficult to prepare silicon wafers with a diameter exceeding 300 mm.
- the image displayed on the display device becomes clearer and the sense of reality can be enhanced.
- a display pixel having a light-emitting device containing an organic EL material sometimes called an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode)
- the display device using liquid crystal as a display element can also improve color reproducibility.
- OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device with high definition and a large diagonal size. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device with high luminance and a long lifetime. Alternatively, an object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide an electronic device including the display device. Alternatively, an object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a novel display device or a novel electronic device.
- the problem of one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the problems listed above.
- the issues listed above do not preclude the existence of other issues.
- Still other issues are issues not mentioned in this section, which will be described in the following description.
- Problems not mentioned in this section can be derived from the descriptions in the specification, drawings, or the like by those skilled in the art, and can be appropriately extracted from these descriptions.
- one embodiment of the present invention is to solve at least one of the problems listed above and other problems. Note that one embodiment of the present invention does not necessarily solve all of the problems listed above and other problems.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a display device having a first layer and a second layer over the first layer.
- the first layer has a substrate and a plurality of drive circuit regions located on the substrate, and the second layer has a plurality of display regions.
- Each of the plurality of drive circuit regions has a drive circuit.
- Each of the plurality of display areas has a pixel, and the pixel has a light emitting diode.
- a driver circuit included in one of the plurality of driver circuit regions has a function of driving a pixel included in one of the plurality of display regions.
- the display device has a function of displaying images at different frame frequencies in at least two of the plurality of display areas.
- each of the plurality of display regions may include a sensor portion.
- the sensor section is positioned above the light emitting diode.
- the frame frequency of the image displayed in the display region including the sensor unit that has detected the touch is changed to that of the display region including the sensor unit that has not detected the touch.
- the configuration may have a function of lowering the frame frequency of the image to be displayed.
- the driver circuit includes a transistor containing silicon in a channel formation region, and the pixel includes a metal oxide in the channel formation region.
- a structure including a transistor may be employed.
- the substrate may be a glass substrate, and the silicon may be low-temperature polysilicon.
- one of the plurality of driver circuit regions and one of the plurality of display regions overlap with each other in a plan view. It is good also as composition located.
- a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the substrate is provided between the first layer and the second layer.
- a wiring may be extended to the pixel and the wiring may be electrically connected to the pixel and the driver circuit.
- one embodiment of the present invention is an electronic device including the display device according to any one of (1) to (7) and a housing.
- a display device with high definition and large diagonal size can be provided.
- a display device with high luminance and long life can be provided.
- an electronic device including any of the above display devices can be provided.
- one embodiment of the present invention can provide a novel display device or a novel electronic device.
- FIG. 1A and 1B are schematic cross-sectional views showing configuration examples of a display device.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic plan view showing an example of a display portion of a display device
- FIG. 2B is a schematic plan view showing an example of a drive circuit region of the display device.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a display device.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view showing a configuration example of a display device.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a display device.
- 6A and 6B are diagrams showing an example of dividing the display section of the display device into a plurality of regions.
- FIG. 7A is a diagram showing an example of dividing the plane of the display unit of the display device into a plurality of regions, and FIG.
- FIG. 7B is a diagram showing an example of the plane of the display unit of the display device.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example in which the display section of the display device is divided into a plurality of areas.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a display device.
- 10A and 10B are cross-sectional views showing examples of transistors.
- 11A to 11D are schematic cross-sectional views showing configuration examples of LED packages.
- 12A and 12B are schematic plan views showing configuration examples of LED packages.
- FIG. 13A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a display device
- FIG. 13B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a substrate provided in the display device and light-emitting diodes on the substrate.
- FIG. 13A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a display device
- FIG. 13B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a substrate provided
- FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a display device.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a display device.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a display device.
- 17A is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of a pixel circuit included in the display device, and
- FIG. 17B is a schematic perspective view showing a configuration example of the pixel circuit included in the display device.
- 18A to 18G are plan views showing examples of pixels.
- 19A to 19F are plan views showing examples of pixels.
- 20A to 20H are plan views showing examples of pixels.
- 21A to 21D are plan views showing examples of pixels.
- 22A to 22G are plan views showing examples of pixels.
- 23A and 23B are diagrams showing configuration examples of the display module.
- 24A to 24F are diagrams illustrating configuration examples of electronic devices.
- 25A to 25D are diagrams illustrating configuration examples of electronic devices.
- 26A to 26C are diagrams illustrating configuration examples of electronic devices.
- 27A to 27H are diagrams illustrating configuration examples of electronic devices.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a system.
- a semiconductor device is a device that utilizes semiconductor characteristics, and refers to circuits including semiconductor elements (eg, transistors, diodes, and photodiodes), devices having such circuits, and the like. It also refers to all devices that can function by utilizing semiconductor characteristics.
- semiconductor elements eg, transistors, diodes, and photodiodes
- an integrated circuit, a chip having an integrated circuit, and an electronic component containing a chip in a package are examples of semiconductor devices.
- storage devices, display devices, light-emitting devices, lighting devices, and electronic devices themselves may be semiconductor devices or may include semiconductor devices.
- connection relationships other than the connection relationships shown in the drawings or the text are not limited to the predetermined connection relationships, for example, the connection relationships shown in the drawings or the text. It is assumed that X and Y are objects (for example, devices, elements, circuits, wiring, electrodes, terminals, conductive films, layers, etc.).
- X and Y are electrically connected is an element that enables electrical connection between X and Y (for example, switch, transistor, capacitive element, inductor, resistive element, diode, display devices, light emitting devices, loads, etc.) can be connected between X and Y.
- the switch has a function of being controlled to be turned on and off. In other words, the switch has the function of being in a conducting state (on state) or a non-conducting state (off state) and controlling whether or not to allow current to flow.
- X and Y are functionally connected is a circuit that enables functional connection between X and Y (e.g., logic circuit (e.g., inverter, NAND circuit, or NOR circuit), A signal conversion circuit (for example, a digital-to-analog conversion circuit, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit, or a gamma correction circuit), a potential level conversion circuit (for example, a power supply circuit called a step-up circuit or a step-down circuit, or a level shifter circuit that changes the potential level of a signal, etc.) ), voltage source, current source, switching circuit, amplifier circuit (for example, a circuit that can increase signal amplitude or current amount, operational amplifier, differential amplifier circuit, source follower circuit, or buffer circuit), signal generation circuit, memory circuit, or control circuit) can be connected between X and Y.
- logic circuit e.g., inverter, NAND circuit, or NOR circuit
- a signal conversion circuit for example, a digital-to-analog conversion circuit, an analog
- X and Y are electrically connected, it means that X and Y are electrically connected (that is, another element or connected via another circuit) and when X and Y are directly connected (that is, connected without another element or another circuit between X and Y). (if any) and
- X and Y, and the source (which may be referred to as one of the first terminal or the second terminal) and the drain (which may be referred to as the other of the first terminal or the second terminal) of the transistor are , are electrically connected to each other, and are electrically connected in the order of X, the source of the transistor, the drain of the transistor, and Y.”
- the source of the transistor is electrically connected to X
- the drain of the transistor is electrically connected to Y
- X, the source of the transistor, the drain of the transistor, and Y are electrically connected in that order. ” can be expressed.
- the expression "X is electrically connected to Y through the source and drain of the transistor, and X, the source of the transistor, the drain of the transistor, and Y are provided in this connection order.” can be done.
- the source and drain of the transistor can be distinguished and the technical scope can be determined.
- these expression methods are examples, and are not limited to these expression methods.
- X and Y are objects (for example, devices, elements, circuits, wiring, electrodes, terminals, conductive films, or layers).
- circuit diagram shows independent components electrically connected to each other, if one component has the functions of multiple components.
- one component has the functions of multiple components.
- the term "electrically connected" in this specification includes cases where one conductive film functions as a plurality of constituent elements.
- a “resistive element” can be, for example, a circuit element having a resistance value higher than 0 ⁇ , a wiring having a resistance value higher than 0 ⁇ , or the like. Therefore, in this specification and the like, a “resistive element” includes a wiring having a resistance value, a transistor, a diode, or a coil through which a current flows between a source and a drain. Therefore, the term “resistive element” may be interchanged with terms such as “resistance,””load,” or “region having a resistance value.” Conversely, terms such as “resistor”, “load”, or “region having a resistance value” may be interchanged with the term “resistive element”.
- the resistance value can be, for example, preferably 1 m ⁇ or more and 10 ⁇ or less, more preferably 5 m ⁇ or more and 5 ⁇ or less, still more preferably 10 m ⁇ or more and 1 ⁇ or less. Also, for example, it may be 1 ⁇ or more and 1 ⁇ 10 9 ⁇ or less.
- capacitor element refers to, for example, a circuit element having a capacitance value higher than 0 F, a wiring region having a capacitance value higher than 0 F, a parasitic capacitance, a transistor can be the gate capacitance of Also, terms such as “capacitance element”, “parasitic capacitance”, or “gate capacitance” may be replaced with the term “capacitance”.
- capacitor may be interchanged with the terms “capacitive element,” “parasitic capacitance,” or “gate capacitance.”
- a “capacity” (including a “capacity” with three or more terminals) includes an insulator and a pair of conductors sandwiching the insulator. Therefore, the term “pair of conductors” in “capacitance” can be replaced with terms such as “pair of electrodes,” “pair of conductive regions,” “pair of regions,” or “pair of terminals.” Also, terms such as “one of a pair of terminals” and “the other of a pair of terminals” may be referred to as a first terminal and a second terminal, respectively.
- the value of the capacitance can be, for example, 0.05 fF or more and 10 pF or less. Also, for example, it may be 1 pF or more and 10 ⁇ F or less.
- a transistor has three terminals called a gate, a source, and a drain.
- a gate is a control terminal that controls the conduction state of a transistor.
- the two terminals functioning as source or drain are the input and output terminals of the transistor.
- One of the two input/output terminals functions as a source and the other as a drain depending on the conductivity type (n-channel type or p-channel type) of the transistor and the level of potentials applied to the three terminals of the transistor. Therefore, in this specification and the like, terms such as source and drain may be used interchangeably.
- a transistor may have a back gate in addition to the three terminals described above, depending on the structure of the transistor.
- one of the gate and back gate of the transistor may be referred to as a first gate
- the other of the gate and back gate of the transistor may be referred to as a second gate.
- the terms "gate” and “backgate” may be used interchangeably for the same transistor.
- the respective gates may be referred to as a first gate, a second gate, a third gate, or the like in this specification and the like.
- a multi-gate transistor having two or more gate electrodes can be used as an example of a transistor.
- the multi-gate structure since the channel formation regions are connected in series, a structure in which a plurality of transistors are connected in series is obtained. Therefore, the multi-gate structure can reduce off-state current and improve the breakdown voltage (reliability) of the transistor.
- the multi-gate structure even if the voltage between the drain and source changes when operating in the saturation region, the current between the drain and source does not change much and the slope is flat. properties can be obtained.
- the flat-slope voltage-current characteristic an ideal current source circuit or an active load with a very high resistance value can be realized. As a result, a differential circuit or current mirror circuit with good characteristics can be realized.
- circuit elements such as “light-emitting device” and “light-receiving device” may have polarities called “anode” and “cathode”.
- anode In the case of a “light emitting device”, it may be possible to cause the “light emitting device” to emit light by applying a forward bias (applying a positive potential to the "anode” with respect to the "cathode”).
- the “anode” and “cathode” are sometimes treated as input/output terminals in circuit elements such as “light-emitting device” and “light-receiving device”.
- anode and “cathode” in circuit elements such as “light-emitting device” and “light-receiving device” are sometimes referred to as terminals (first terminal, second terminal, etc.).
- terminals first terminal, second terminal, etc.
- one of the “anode” and the “cathode” may be referred to as the first terminal, and the other of the “anode” and the “cathode” may be referred to as the second terminal.
- the circuit element may have a plurality of circuit elements.
- the circuit element when one resistor is described on the circuit diagram, it includes the case where two or more resistors are electrically connected in series.
- the case where one capacitor is described on the circuit diagram includes the case where two or more capacitors are electrically connected in parallel.
- the switch when one transistor is illustrated in a circuit diagram, two or more transistors are electrically connected in series and the gates of the transistors are electrically connected to each other. shall include Similarly, for example, when one switch is described on the circuit diagram, the switch has two or more transistors, and the two or more transistors are electrically connected in series or in parallel. and the gates of the respective transistors are electrically connected to each other.
- a node can be called a terminal, a wiring, an electrode, a conductive layer, a conductor, or an impurity region depending on the circuit configuration and device structure. Also, a terminal, a wiring, or the like can be called a node.
- Voltage is a potential difference from a reference potential.
- the reference potential is ground potential
- “voltage” can be replaced with “potential”. Note that the ground potential does not necessarily mean 0V.
- the potential is relative, and when the reference potential changes, the potential applied to the wiring, the potential applied to the circuit, etc., and the potential output from the circuit etc. also change.
- high-level potential and low-level potential do not mean specific potentials.
- the high-level potentials supplied by both wirings do not have to be equal to each other.
- the low-level potentials applied by both wirings need not be equal to each other.
- electrical current refers to the movement phenomenon of charge (electrical conduction).
- the carrier here includes, for example, electrons, holes, anions, cations, or complex ions, and the carrier differs depending on the current flow system (eg, semiconductor, metal, electrolyte, or in vacuum).
- the "direction of current” in wiring or the like is the direction in which carriers that become positive charges move, and is described as a positive amount of current.
- the direction in which the carriers that become negative charges move is the direction opposite to the direction of the current, and is represented by the amount of negative current. Therefore, in this specification and the like, when there is no indication about the positive or negative of the current (or the direction of the current), the description that "current flows from element A to element B" is the description that "current flows from element B to element A.” shall be able to be rephrased as Also, the description that "a current is input to the element A" can be rephrased as a description that "the current is output from the element A".
- the ordinal numbers “first”, “second”, and “third” are added to avoid confusion of constituent elements. Therefore, the number of components is not limited. Also, the order of the components is not limited. For example, the component referred to as “first” in one of the embodiments such as this specification may be the component referred to as “second” in another embodiment or the scope of claims. can also be Further, for example, the component referred to as “first” in one of the embodiments of this specification etc. may be omitted in other embodiments or the scope of claims.
- the terms “above” and “below” do not limit the positional relationship of the components to being directly above or below and in direct contact with each other.
- the expression “electrode B on insulating layer A” does not require that electrode B be formed on insulating layer A in direct contact with another configuration between insulating layer A and electrode B. Do not exclude those containing elements.
- the expression “electrode B above the insulating layer A” it is not necessary that the electrode B is formed on the insulating layer A in direct contact with the insulating layer A and the electrode B.
- electrode B under the insulating layer A it is not necessary that the electrode B is formed under the insulating layer A in direct contact with the insulating layer A and the electrode B. Do not exclude other components between
- the terms “row” and “column” may be used to describe the components arranged in a matrix and their positional relationships.
- the positional relationship between the configurations changes appropriately according to the direction in which each configuration is drawn. Therefore, it is not limited to the words and phrases explained in the specification, etc., and can be appropriately rephrased according to the situation.
- the expression “row-wise” may be rephrased as “column-wise” by rotating the orientation of the drawing shown by 90 degrees.
- a wiring that electrically connects components arranged in a matrix can extend in the row direction or the column direction.
- the wiring A may also extend in the column direction.
- the wiring A may also extend in the row direction. That is, the direction in which the wiring that electrically connects the components arranged in a matrix is not limited to the direction described in this specification and the like, and can be the row direction or the column direction.
- the terms “film” and “layer” can be interchanged depending on the situation. For example, it may be possible to change the term “conductive layer” to the term “conductive film.” Or, for example, it may be possible to change the term “insulating film” to the term “insulating layer”. Alternatively, the terms “film” and “layer” may be omitted and replaced with other terms as the case may or may be. For example, it may be possible to change the term “conductive layer” or “conductive film” to the term “conductor.” Or, for example, it may be possible to change the term “insulating layer” or “insulating film” to the term “insulator”.
- electrode in this specification do not functionally limit these components.
- an “electrode” may be used as part of a “wiring” and vice versa.
- the term “electrode” or “wiring” includes the case where a plurality of “electrodes” or “wiring” are integrally formed.
- a “terminal” may be used as part of a “wiring” or an “electrode”, and vice versa.
- terminal also includes cases where a plurality of "electrodes", “wirings”, or “terminals” are integrally formed.
- an “electrode” can be part of a “wiring” or a “terminal”
- a “terminal” can be part of a “wiring” or an “electrode”, for example.
- terms such as “electrode”, “wiring”, or “terminal” may be replaced with the term “region” in some cases.
- the terms “wiring”, “signal line”, and “power line” can be interchanged depending on the case or situation. For example, it may be possible to change the term “wiring” to the term “signal line”. Also, for example, it may be possible to change the term “wiring” to the term “power supply line”. Also, vice versa, it may be possible to change the term “signal line” or “power line” to the term “wiring”. It may be possible to change the term “power line” to the term “signal line”. Also, vice versa, the term “signal line” may be changed to the term "power line”. Also, the term “potential” applied to the wiring can be changed to the term “signal” in some cases or depending on the situation. And vice versa, the term “signal” may be changed to the term “potential”.
- a metal oxide is a metal oxide in a broad sense.
- Metal oxides are classified into oxide insulators, oxide conductors (including transparent oxide conductors), oxide semiconductors (also referred to as oxide semiconductors or simply OSs), and the like.
- oxide semiconductors also referred to as oxide semiconductors or simply OSs
- a metal oxide semiconductor when a channel formation region of a transistor contains a metal oxide, the metal oxide is sometimes referred to as an oxide semiconductor.
- a metal oxide can constitute a channel-forming region of a transistor having at least one of an amplifying action, a rectifying action, and a switching action, the metal oxide is called a metal oxide semiconductor. be able to.
- an OS transistor it can also be referred to as a transistor including a metal oxide or an oxide semiconductor.
- nitrogen-containing metal oxides may also be collectively referred to as metal oxides.
- a metal oxide containing nitrogen may also be referred to as a metal oxynitride.
- semiconductor impurities refer to, for example, substances other than the main component that constitutes the semiconductor layer.
- impurities may cause one or more of, for example, an increase in the defect level density of the semiconductor, a decrease in carrier mobility, and a decrease in crystallinity.
- impurities that change the characteristics of the semiconductor include, for example, Group 1 elements, Group 2 elements, Group 13 elements, Group 14 elements, and Group 15 elements.
- transition metals other than the main component and particularly, for example, hydrogen (also contained in water), lithium, sodium, silicon, boron, phosphorus, carbon, nitrogen, and the like.
- the impurities that change the characteristics of the semiconductor include, for example, group 1 elements, group 2 elements, group 13 elements, group 15 elements (with the exception of oxygen , does not contain hydrogen).
- a switch is one that has the function of being in a conducting state (on state) or a non-conducting state (off state) and controlling whether or not to allow current to flow.
- a switch has a function of selecting and switching a path through which current flows. Therefore, the switch may have two or more terminals through which current flows, in addition to the control terminal.
- an electrical switch, a mechanical switch, or the like can be used. In other words, the switch is not limited to a specific one as long as it can control current.
- Examples of electrical switches include transistors (eg, bipolar transistors, MOS transistors, etc.), diodes (eg, PN diodes, PIN diodes, Schottky diodes, MIM (Metal Insulator Metal) diodes, MIS (Metal Insulator Semiconductor) diodes , a diode-connected transistor), or a logic circuit combining these.
- transistors eg, bipolar transistors, MOS transistors, etc.
- diodes eg, PN diodes, PIN diodes, Schottky diodes, MIM (Metal Insulator Metal) diodes, MIS (Metal Insulator Semiconductor) diodes , a diode-connected transistor
- MIM Metal Insulator Metal
- MIS Metal Insulator Semiconductor diodes
- a “non-conducting state” of a transistor means a state in which a source electrode and a drain electrode of the transistor can be considered to be electrically cut off. Note that the polarity (conductivity type) of the transistor is not particularly limited when the transistor is operated as a simple switch.
- a mechanical switch is a switch using MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) technology.
- the switch has an electrode that can be moved mechanically, and operates by controlling conduction and non-conduction by moving the electrode.
- parallel refers to a state in which two straight lines are arranged at an angle of -10° or more and 10° or less. Therefore, the case of ⁇ 5° or more and 5° or less is also included.
- substantially parallel or “substantially parallel” refers to a state in which two straight lines are arranged at an angle of -30° or more and 30° or less.
- Perfect means that two straight lines are arranged at an angle of 80° or more and 100° or less. Therefore, the case of 85° or more and 95° or less is also included.
- the content (or part of the content) described in one embodiment may be combined with another content (or part of the content) described in that embodiment, or one or a plurality of other implementations. can be applied, combined, or replaced with at least one of the contents described in the form of (may be part of the contents).
- figure (may be part of) described in one embodiment refers to another part of that figure, another figure (may be part) described in that embodiment, and one or more other More drawings can be formed by combining at least one of the drawings (or part of them) described in the embodiments.
- plan views may be used to describe the configuration according to each embodiment.
- a plan view is, for example, a view showing a plane of a configuration viewed from a direction perpendicular to a horizontal plane, or a view showing a plane (cut end) obtained by cutting the configuration in the horizontal direction (which direction is viewed). is sometimes called planar view).
- Hidden lines for example, dashed lines
- the term "plan view” can be replaced with the term "projection view", "top view", or "bottom view”.
- a plane (cut) obtained by cutting the configuration in a direction different from the horizontal direction may be called a plan view instead of a plane (cut) obtained by cutting the configuration in the horizontal direction.
- cross-sectional views may be used to describe the configuration according to each embodiment.
- a cross-sectional view is, for example, a view showing a plane of the configuration viewed from a direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane, or a view showing a plane (cut) cut from the configuration in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane (any The direction in which the surface is viewed is sometimes called a cross-sectional view).
- the term "cross-sectional view” can be replaced with the term "front view” or "side view”.
- a plane (cut) obtained by cutting the structure in a direction different from the vertical direction rather than a plane (cut) obtained by cutting the structure in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane, may be called a cross-sectional view.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device of one embodiment of the present invention.
- the display device DSP shown in FIG. 1A has, as an example, a pixel layer PXAL and a circuit layer SICL.
- the pixel layer PXAL is provided on the circuit layer SICL. Note that the pixel layer PXAL overlaps a region including a driver circuit region DRV, which will be described later.
- the circuit layer SICL has a substrate BS and a drive circuit region DRV.
- Substrates BS include, for example, glass substrates, quartz substrates, plastic substrates, sapphire glass substrates, metal substrates, stainless steel substrates, substrates with stainless steel foil, tungsten substrates, substrates with tungsten foil, flexible Substrates, laminated films, paper containing fibrous materials, or base films can be used.
- glass substrates include barium borosilicate glass, aluminoborosilicate glass, or soda lime glass.
- Examples of flexible substrates, laminated films, base films, etc. are represented by polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethersulfone (PES), or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PES polyethersulfone
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- plastics that are Alternatively, another example is synthetic resin such as acrylic resin.
- polypropylene polyester, polyvinyl fluoride, or polyvinyl chloride.
- another example includes polyamide, polyimide, aramid, epoxy resin, inorganic deposition film, or paper. Note that when heat treatment is included in the manufacturing process of the display device DSP, it is preferable to select a material having high resistance to heat for the substrate BS.
- the substrate BS is described as a substrate having a material with high resistance to heat, such as a glass substrate.
- the drive circuit region DRV is provided on the substrate BS.
- the drive circuit region DRV has, for example, a drive circuit for driving pixels included in the pixel layer PXAL, which will be described later.
- a specific configuration example of the drive circuit region DRV will be described later.
- the pixel layer PXAL has, as an example, a plurality of pixels. Also, the plurality of pixels may be arranged in a matrix in the pixel layer PXAL.
- each of the plurality of pixels can express one or more colors.
- the plurality of colors can be, for example, three colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B). Or, for example, colors from red (R), green (G), and blue (B), plus cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y), and white (W). It may be one or more colors selected.
- Pixels expressing different colors are called sub-pixels, and when white is expressed by a plurality of sub-pixels of different colors, the plurality of sub-pixels may be collectively called a pixel.
- sub-pixels are sometimes referred to as pixels for convenience of explanation.
- FIG. 2A is an example of a plan view of the display device DSP, showing only the display section DIS. Note that the display portion DIS can be a plan view of the pixel layer PXAL.
- the display unit DIS is, for example, divided into m rows and n columns (m is an integer of 1 or more and n is an integer of 1 or more). Therefore, the display section DIS is configured to have the display areas ARA[1,1] to ARA[m,n]. In FIG.
- the screen resolution of the display device DSP is 8K4K
- the number of pixels is 7680 ⁇ 4320 pixels.
- the sub-pixels of the display section DIS are of three colors, red (R), green (G), and blue (B)
- the total number of sub-pixels is 7680 ⁇ 4320 ⁇ 3.
- the pixel array of the display unit DIS whose screen resolution is 8K4K is divided into 32 regions, the number of pixels per region is 960 ⁇ 1080 pixels. are three colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B), the number of sub-pixels per region is 960 ⁇ 1080 ⁇ 3.
- FIG. 2B is an example of a plan view of the display device DSP and shows the drive circuit region DRV included in the circuit layer SICL.
- each of the divided display areas ARA[1,1] to ARA[m,n] has: A corresponding drive circuit is required.
- the drive circuit region DRV may also be divided into regions of m rows and n columns, and a drive circuit may be provided in each divided region.
- the display device DSP in FIG. 2B shows a configuration in which the drive circuit region DRV is divided into regions of m rows and n columns. Therefore, the drive circuit region DRV has circuit regions ARD[1,1] to ARD[m,n]. Note that in FIG.
- Each of the circuit areas ARD[1,1] to ARD[m,n] has a driving circuit SD and a driving circuit GD.
- a driving circuit SD and a driving circuit GD are included in the circuit region ARD[i,j] (not shown in FIG. 2B) located in the i-th row and the j-th column (where i is an integer of 1 or more and m or less and j is an integer of 1 or more and n or less).
- the driving circuit SD and the driving circuit GD are included in the display area ARA[i, j] (not shown in FIG. 2A) located in the i-th row and the j-th column of the display section DIS. Pixels can be driven.
- the drive circuit SD functions, for example, as a source driver circuit that transmits image signals to a plurality of pixels included in the corresponding circuit area ARD.
- the drive circuit SD may have a digital-analog conversion circuit that converts the image signal of digital data into analog data.
- the drive circuit GD functions, for example, as a gate driver circuit for selecting a plurality of pixels to which image signals are to be sent in the corresponding circuit area ARD.
- the display area ARA[i, j] and the circuit area ARD[i, j] are located in areas that overlap each other in plan view.
- the display area ARA[i, j] and the circuit area ARD[i, j] are electrically connected. Since the connecting wiring can be shortened, the parasitic resistance of the wiring can be reduced.
- the parasitic capacitance of the wiring can be reduced, so that the time constant of the wiring can be reduced.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the display device DSP shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. Also, in FIG. 3, the display area ARA[1,1], the display area ARA[m,1], the display area ARA[1,n], and the display area ARA[m,n] are extracted as the display area ARA. , and as the circuit area ARD, the circuit area ARD[1,1], the circuit area ARD[m,1], the circuit area ARD[1,n], and the circuit area ARD[m,n] are extracted and shown. ing.
- each of the plurality of display areas ARA has, as an example, a plurality of pixels PX. Also, in the display area ARA, the plurality of pixels PX are arranged in a matrix.
- a plurality of wirings GL extend in the row direction
- a plurality of wirings SL extend in the column direction.
- Each of the plurality of pixels PX arranged in a matrix in the display area ARA is electrically connected to the wiring GL of the corresponding row. Similarly, each of the plurality of pixels PX is electrically connected to the wiring SL of the corresponding column.
- each of the plurality of circuit regions ARD has a drive circuit SD and a drive circuit GD, similar to the display device DSP shown in FIG. 2B.
- the driving circuit SD and the driving circuit GD included in the circuit area ARD[i,j] have the function of driving a plurality of pixels included in the display area ARA[i,j]. have. Therefore, the drive circuit SD included in the circuit area ARD[i, j] is electrically connected to a plurality of wirings SL extending in the display area ARA[i, j]. Also, the drive circuit GD included in the circuit area ARD[i, j] is electrically connected to a plurality of wirings GL extending in the display area ARA[i, j].
- a plurality of wirings SL are provided between the display area DIS and the driver circuit area DRV. , and a plurality of wirings GL are provided.
- the display area ARA[i, j] and the circuit area ARD[i, j] can extend, for example, in a direction perpendicular to or substantially perpendicular to the substrate BS. Since the length of the wiring can be shortened by extending the wiring in a vertical direction or a substantially vertical direction, the parasitic resistance of the wiring can be reduced as described above. In addition, parasitic capacitance associated with the wiring can be reduced. Accordingly, the voltage for causing current to flow through the wiring can be kept low, and power consumption can be reduced.
- the display device DSP shown in FIGS. 1A, 2A, 2B, and 3 has a configuration in which the display area ARA[i, j] and the circuit area ARD[i, j] of the display unit DIS overlap each other.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the display area ARA[i, j] and the circuit area ARD[i, j] do not necessarily overlap with each other.
- the display device DSP may have a configuration in which not only the driver circuit region DRV but also the region LIA are provided on the substrate BS.
- wiring is provided in the area LIA.
- the display device DSP may have a configuration in which the circuits included in the drive circuit area DRV and the circuits included in the pixel layer PXAL are electrically connected by wiring included in the area LIA.
- FIG. 4 is an example of a plan view of the display device DSP shown in FIG. 1B, showing a drive circuit region DRV indicated by solid lines and a display portion DIS indicated by dotted lines. Further, in the display device DSP of FIG. 4, as an example, a configuration in which the drive circuit region DRV is surrounded by the region LIA is shown. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, the drive circuit region DRV is arranged so as to overlap the inside of the display portion DIS in plan view.
- the display area DIS is divided into display areas ARA[1,1] to ARA[m,n]. is also divided into circuit areas ARD[1,1] to ARD[m,n].
- the correspondence relationship between the display area ARA and the circuit area ARD including the driving circuit for driving the pixels included in the display area ARA is illustrated by thick arrows.
- the driver circuits included in the circuit area ARD[1,1] drive the pixels included in the display area ARA[1,1], and the pixels included in the circuit area ARD[2,1].
- the driving circuit in the display area ARA[2,1] drives the pixels included in the display area ARA[2,1].
- the driver circuit included in the circuit area ARD[m ⁇ 1,1] drives the pixels included in the display area ARA[m ⁇ 1,1], and the pixels included in the circuit area ARD[m,1].
- the driving circuit provided drives the pixels included in the display area ARA[m,1].
- the driving circuit included in the circuit area ARD[1,n] drives the pixels included in the display area ARA[1,n]
- the driving circuit included in the circuit area ARD[2,n] drives the pixels included in the display area ARA[1,n]. drives the pixels included in the display area ARA[2,n].
- the driver circuits included in the circuit area ARD[m-1, n] drive the pixels included in the display area ARA[m-1, n], and the pixels included in the circuit area ARD[m, n].
- the driving circuit provided drives the pixels included in the display area ARA[m,n].
- the drive circuit included in the circuit area ARD[i, j] located at the i row and j column drives the pixels included in the display area ARA[i, j].
- the configuration of the display device DSP is obtained by electrically connecting the driving circuits included in the circuit area ARD in the circuit layer SICL and the pixels included in the display area ARA in the pixel layer PXAL by wiring.
- the display area ARA[i, j] and the circuit area ARD[i, j] may not necessarily overlap each other. Therefore, the positional relationship between the drive circuit region DRV and the display section DIS is not limited to the plan view of the display device DSP shown in FIG. 4, and the arrangement of the drive circuit region DRV can be freely determined.
- the driver circuits SD and GD are arranged in a cross shape.
- the driver circuit SD, and the driver circuit GD are not limited to the structure of the display device of one embodiment of the present invention.
- the drive circuit SD and the drive circuit GD may be arranged in an L shape within one circuit region ARD of the drive circuit region DRV, as shown in FIG.
- one of the drive circuit SD and the drive circuit GD may be arranged vertically in a plan view, and the other of the drive circuit SD and the drive circuit GD may be arranged horizontally in a plan view.
- the display unit DIS of the display device DSP is divided into display areas ARA[1,1] to ARA[m,n], and circuit areas ARD corresponding to the display areas ARA are divided.
- the driver circuit SD and the driver circuit GD are provided in the display areas ARA[1,1] to ARA[m,n] in the display area ARA in which image data is frequently rewritten.
- the driving circuit SD and the driving circuit GD provided in the corresponding circuit area ARD are driven by increasing the frame frequency.
- the drive circuit SD provided in the corresponding circuit area ARD, and the drive circuit GD can be driven by lowering the frame frequency.
- the drive circuit SD and the drive circuit GD corresponding to the display area ARA in which much image data such as moving images are rewritten may operate at a high frame frequency of 60 Hz or higher, 120 Hz or higher, 165 Hz or higher, or 240 Hz or higher.
- the drive circuit SD and the drive circuit GD corresponding to the display area ARA in which image data such as still images are not frequently rewritten have a low frame frequency of 5 Hz or less, 1 Hz or less, 0.5 Hz or less, or 0.1 Hz or less.
- the display device DSP can display images on the display unit DIS in two areas selected from the display areas ARA[1,1] to ARA[m,n] at different frame frequencies.
- the diagonal size of the display device DSP can be easily increased compared to a semiconductor substrate made of silicon or the like.
- the glass substrate for example, the second generation substrate size (approximately 370 mm ⁇ 470 mm), the third generation substrate size (approximately 550 mm ⁇ 650 mm), the fourth generation substrate size (approximately 680 mm ⁇ 880 mm), or the fourth generation
- the second generation substrate size approximately 370 mm ⁇ 470 mm
- the third generation substrate size approximately 550 mm ⁇ 650 mm
- the fourth generation substrate size approximately 680 mm ⁇ 880 mm
- the fourth generation By selecting a substrate size that exceeds generations, it is possible to fabricate a display device DSP with a diagonal size larger than the diameter (approximately 12 inches) of the main silicon wafers handled in current semiconductor processes.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an example of the display device DSP and the control circuit PRPH.
- the display device DSP shown in FIG. 5 has a display portion DIS and a drive circuit region DRV.
- the drive circuit region DRV has a circuit GDS including a plurality of drive circuits GD and a circuit SDS including a plurality of drive circuits SD.
- the control circuit PRPH includes a distribution circuit DMG, a distribution circuit DMS, a control unit CTR, a memory device MD, a voltage generation circuit PG, a timing controller TMC, a clock signal generation circuit CKS, an image processing unit GPS, and an interface. and INT.
- the drive circuit region DRV including each of the plurality of drive circuits GD overlaps the pixel layer PXAL including the plurality of display regions ARA as shown in FIGS. 2A to 4, but FIG.
- a plurality of drive circuits GD are shown arranged in a line.
- the drive circuit region DRV including each of the plurality of drive circuits SD overlaps the pixel layer PXAL including the plurality of display regions ARA as shown in FIGS. 2A to 4, but in FIG.
- a plurality of drive circuits SD are shown arranged in a row.
- the control circuit PRPH is electrically connected to the outside of the display device DSP shown in FIGS. 1A to 4, for example.
- a distribution circuit DMG a distribution circuit DMS, a control unit CTR, a memory device MD, a voltage generation circuit PG, a timing controller TMC, a clock signal generation circuit CKS, an image processing unit GPS, and an interface INT, respectively transmit and receive various signals to and from each other via the bus wiring BW.
- the interface INT has a function as a circuit for taking in, for example, image information for displaying an image on the display device DSP, which is output from an external device, into a circuit within the control circuit PRPH.
- the external device here includes, for example, a recording media player, a non-volatile storage device such as a HDD (Hard Disk Drive), and an SSD (Solid State Drive).
- the interface INT may be a circuit that outputs a signal from a circuit within the control circuit PRPH to a device outside the display device DSP.
- the interface INT is, for example, configured to have an antenna for receiving image information, a mixer, an amplifier circuit, and an analog-to-digital conversion circuit. be able to.
- the control unit CTR has the function of processing various control signals sent from an external device via the interface INT and controlling various circuits included in the control circuit PRPH.
- the memory device MD has a function of temporarily holding information and image signals.
- the storage device MD functions, for example, as a frame memory (sometimes called a frame buffer). Further, the storage device MD may have a function of temporarily holding at least one of information sent from an external device via the interface INT and information processed by the control unit CTR.
- the storage device MD for example, at least one of SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) and DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) can be applied.
- the voltage generation circuit PG has a function of generating a power supply voltage to be supplied to each of the pixel circuits included in the display section DIS and the circuits included in the control circuit PRPH.
- the voltage generation circuit PG may have a function of selecting a circuit to supply voltage.
- the voltage generation circuit PG supplies voltage to the circuit GDS, the circuit SDS, the image processing unit GPS, the timing controller TMC, and the clock signal generation circuit CKS while the display unit DIS is displaying a still image. By stopping, the power consumption of the entire display device DSP can be reduced.
- the timing controller TMC has a function of generating timing signals used by the plurality of drive circuits GD included in the circuit GDS and the plurality of drive circuits SD included in the circuit SDS. Note that the clock signal generated by the clock signal generation circuit CKS can be used to generate the timing signal.
- the image processing unit GPS has a function of performing processing for drawing an image on the display unit DIS.
- the image processing unit GPS may have a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit).
- the image processing unit GPS can process image data to be displayed on the display unit DIS at high speed by adopting a configuration that performs pipeline processing in parallel.
- the image processing unit GPS can also function as a decoder for restoring encoded images.
- the image processing unit GPS receives, for example, image data to be displayed in each of the display areas ARA[1,1] to ARA[m,n], and converts the image data into an image signal. has a function to generate
- the image processing unit GPS may have a function of correcting the color tone of the images displayed in the display areas ARA[1,1] to ARA[m,n].
- the image processing unit GPS is preferably provided with one or both of a light adjustment circuit and a color adjustment circuit.
- the image processing unit GPS may be provided with an EL correction circuit.
- Artificial intelligence may also be used for the image correction described above.
- the current flowing through the display device provided in the pixel is obtained by monitoring, the image displayed on the display unit DIS is obtained with an image sensor or the like, and the current (or voltage ) and the image may be treated as input data for computation of artificial intelligence (for example, an artificial neural network), and the presence or absence of correction of the image may be determined based on the output result.
- artificial intelligence for example, an artificial neural network
- artificial intelligence calculations can be applied not only to image correction, but also to up-conversion processing of image data. Accordingly, by up-converting image data with a small screen resolution to match the screen resolution of the display unit DIS, an image with a high display quality can be displayed on the display unit DIS. Artificial intelligence calculations can also be applied to image data down-conversion processing.
- the above-described artificial intelligence calculations are performed, for example, by the GPU included in the image processing unit GPS. That is, the GPU can be used to perform various correction calculations (for example, color unevenness correction or up-conversion).
- the GPU that performs artificial intelligence calculations is referred to as an AI accelerator. That is, in this specification and the like, the GPU may be replaced with an AI accelerator for explanation.
- the clock signal generation circuit CKS has a function of generating a clock signal for displaying a desired image in each of the display areas ARA[1,1] to ARA[m,n], for example.
- the clock signal generation circuit CKS sets the display area ARA[1,1] to the display area ARA[m,n].
- the clock signal generation circuit CKS preferably has a function of simultaneously generating clock signals with different frequencies.
- the distribution circuit DMG drives the pixels included in any one of the display areas ARA[1,1] to ARA[m,n] according to the content of the signal received from the bus wiring BW. It has a function of transmitting to the drive circuit GD.
- the distribution circuit DMS drives the pixels included in any one of the display areas ARA[1,1] to ARA[m,n] according to the content of the signal received from the bus wiring BW. It has a function of transmitting to the drive circuit SD.
- FIG. 5 shows that the distribution circuit DMG directly transmits a signal to the circuit GDS, the signal transmitted from the distribution circuit DMG may be input to the circuit GDS via the interface INT.
- FIG. 5 shows that the distribution circuit DMS directly transmits a signal to the circuit SDS, the signal transmitted from the distribution circuit DMS is input to the circuit SDS via the interface INT.
- control circuit PRPH may include a level shifter.
- a level shifter for example, has a function of converting a signal input to each circuit to an appropriate level.
- control circuit PRPH shown in FIG. 5 is an example, and the circuit configuration included in the control circuit PRPH may be changed according to the situation. For example, if the control circuit PRPH is configured to receive the drive voltage for each circuit from the outside, there is no need to generate the drive voltage in the control circuit PRPH. A configuration that does not include a PG may also be used.
- each circuit included in the control circuit PRPH may be included in the circuit layer SICL of the display device DSP.
- all or part of each circuit included in the control circuit PRPH may be included in the drive circuit region DRV.
- all or part of each circuit included in the control circuit PRPH may be included in the drive circuit area DRV or the area LIA.
- the display quality here is determined, for example, by one or both of the height of the screen resolution (the height of definition (pixel density)) and the height of the frame frequency.
- the display device DSP can express an image displayed on the display device DSP more precisely. become more.
- the display device DSP expresses the image displayed on the display device DSP more roughly, but the amount of data of the image to be displayed is reduced. be able to.
- the display device DSP can express the movement of the image displayed on the display device DSP more smoothly, but the amount of data of the image to be displayed is large. become more.
- the frame frequency of the display device DSP is lowered, the movement of the image displayed on the display device DSP becomes rough, but the amount of data of the displayed image can be reduced.
- the screen resolution of the display section DIS of the display device DSP is 8K4K
- the number of pixels PX included in the display section DIS is 7680 ⁇ 4320.
- the matrix of the pixels PX of the display unit DIS is divided into regions of 2 rows and 2 columns.
- the four pixels PX included in the same region are regarded as one pixel, and the same image signal is transmitted to the four pixels PX included in the same region, so that the display device DSP can be driven as a display device with a screen resolution of 4K2K. .
- the definition of the display unit DIS is reduced to approximately 1/2.
- the screen resolution of the display unit DIS of the display device DSP is changed to FHD (1920 ⁇ 1080 pixels)
- the matrix of the pixels PX of the display unit DIS is divided into 4 rows and 4 columns, and each region includes By setting 16 pixels PX as one pixel and transmitting the same image signal to 4 pixels PX included in the same area, the 8K4K display device DSP is driven as a display device with a screen resolution of FHD. can be done.
- the definition of the display unit DIS is reduced to approximately 1/4.
- the screen resolution of the display unit DIS of the display device DSP is changed to HD (1280 ⁇ 720 pixels)
- the matrix of the pixels PX of the display unit DIS is divided into regions of 6 rows and 6 columns.
- the 8K4K display device DSP is driven as a display device with HD screen resolution. can be done.
- the definition of the display unit DIS is reduced to about 1/6.
- the display device DSP has a function of detecting the line of sight of the user.
- the display device DSP is provided with an image capturing device, which captures an image of the user's eye, and calculates the movement of the eyeball from the captured image of the user's eye.
- the corneal reflection method PCCR method
- the display device DSP has the function of detecting the line of sight of the user, so that the display device DSP can determine which part of the pixel array ALP the user is looking at.
- the area ASU is determined to be the area where the user is looking (sometimes referred to as the user's line of sight area) by the eye tracking function of the display device DSP.
- the user's line of sight has the area ASU
- the user can clearly see the area ASU.
- it becomes difficult for the user to clearly see areas away from the area ASU areas included in the user's visual field but not the user's line of sight, areas the user is not gazing at.
- the user does not consciously pay attention to the image displayed in the display area ARA away from the area ASU, there is little need to improve the display quality of the display area ARA.
- the display device DSP sets an area ALPa around the area ASU based on the area ASU detected by the eye tracking function, and sets an area ALPb so as to surround the periphery of the area ALPa.
- an area ALPc is set so as to surround the periphery of the area ALPb
- an area ALPd is set so as to surround the periphery of the area ALPc.
- the screen resolution (definition) is set for each of the display areas ARA included in the areas ALPa to ALPd.
- Ra be the screen resolution (definition) of the display area ARA included in the area ALPa
- Rb be the screen resolution (definition) of the display area ARA included in the area ALPb
- Rb be the screen resolution (definition) of the display area ARA included in the area ALPc
- Rc be the screen resolution (definition) of the ARA
- Rd be the screen resolution (definition) of the display area ARA included in the area ALPd.
- Ra is higher than Rb
- Rb is higher than Rc
- Rc is higher than Rd .
- the amount of image data to be transmitted to the display unit DIS of the display device DSP can be reduced. Since this eliminates the need to improve the performance of the interface for transmitting image data to the display device DSP, it is possible to reduce power consumption and cost. Also, for circuits included in the circuit area ARD that drives the pixels PX included in the display area ARA with a low screen resolution (definition), the amount of image data to be transmitted to the display area ARA is reduced. Power consumption can be reduced.
- the screen resolution (definition) of the display area ARA away from the area ASU is lowered to display the entire pixel array ALP. Even if the display quality of the displayed image is lowered, the effect is small when the user views the image displayed on the pixel array ALP.
- the positions and ranges of the areas ALPa, ALPb, ALPc, and ALPd may also change.
- FIG. 6B or FIG. 7A when the user's line-of-sight area changes from area ASU to area ASU_AF, the positions of area ALPa, area ALPb, area ALPc, and area ALPd change.
- the ranges (sizes) of the areas ALPa and ALPb are unchanged, the range of the area ALPc is reduced, and the range of the area ALPd is expanded.
- FIG. 7A shows an example of change when the area where the user's line of sight is located changes from the area ASU to the area ASU_AF near the edge of the pixel array ALP. is reduced, and the range of the area ALPd is expanded.
- the display device DSP may set the entire pixel array ALP to the area ALPe as shown in FIG. 7B.
- cases in which the user's line of sight is not detected include, for example, cases in which the user's eyelids are closed, cases in which the user is sleeping, and the like.
- the screen resolution (definition) of the display area ARA included in the area ALPe may be lower than that of the area ALPd, for example.
- the display device DSP may perform an operation of not transmitting image signals to the pixels PX of the display area ARA included in the area ALPe.
- the display device DSP may perform an operation of transmitting a black display image signal to the pixels PX of the display area ARA included in the area ALPe.
- the display unit DIS is divided into four areas, that is, the area ALPa, the area ALPb, the area ALPc, and the area ALPd, and the area ALPa, the area ALPb, the area ALPc, and the area ALPd.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.
- the display unit DIS of the display device DSP may be divided into two, three, or five or more areas, and different screen resolutions (definition levels) may be set for the respective areas.
- the frame frequency of each of the areas ALPa, ALPb, ALPc, and ALPd may be changed instead of the resolution).
- the frame frequency of the display area ARA included in the area ALPa is set higher than the frame frequency of the display area ARA included in the area ALPb
- the frame frequency of the display area ARA included in the area ALPb is set to be higher than the frame frequency of the display area ARA included in the area ALPc.
- the signal is transmitted to the display area ARA near the area ASU.
- the amount of image data to be processed can be increased, and an image with high display quality can be presented to the user's eyes.
- the frame frequency of each area of the display unit DIS the amount of image data transmitted to the display area ARA far from the area ASU can be reduced, and the pixels included in the display area ARA can be reduced. can reduce the load on the drive circuit that drives the
- FIGS. 6A to 7B an example is described in which the display quality of the image around the area viewed by the user is enhanced by the eye tracking function, but one aspect of the present invention is not limited to this.
- one aspect of the present invention may be configured such that the display quality of each region of the display unit DIS of the display device DSP is changed by a touch sensor function for detecting a user's finger instead of an eye tracking function for detecting a line of sight.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of how a user's finger FNG touches the display unit DIS of the display device DSP.
- the image on the display unit DIS When the image on the display unit DIS is scrolled by an operation such as sliding the user's finger FNG onto the display unit DIS while touching the display unit DIS, the user scrolls the image on the display unit DIS instead of the display area ARA around the user's finger FNG. , often gazes at an image in the display area ARA away from the user's finger FNG. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8, the image resolution of the display area ARA of the area ALPd including the area touched by the finger FNG and its periphery on the display unit DIS is reduced, and the area ALPa of the display unit DIS other than the area ALPd is reduced. The image resolution of the display area ARA may be increased.
- the frame frequency of the display area ARA of the area ALPd including the area touched by the finger FNG and its periphery on the display unit DIS is lowered, and the frame frequency of the display area ARA of the area ALPa other than the area ALPd of the display unit DIS is reduced. can be increased.
- FIG. 8 shows an example in which the display quality of the area ALPa is increased and the display quality of the area ALPd is decreased.
- the display quality may be increased and the display quality of the display area ARA of the area ALPa other than the area ALPd of the display section DIS may be decreased.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a display device of one embodiment of the present invention.
- the display device 1000 illustrated in FIG. 9 has a structure in which a pixel circuit and a driver circuit are provided over a substrate 310 .
- the display device DSP of the embodiment described above can have the configuration of the display device 1000 in FIG.
- the circuit layer SICL and pixel layer PXAL shown in the display device DSP in FIG. 1 can be configured as in the display device 1000 in FIG.
- a display device 1000 in FIG. 9 has, as an example, a configuration in which circuit elements and light-emitting diodes are formed above a substrate 310 .
- the transistor 300 is formed over the substrate 310 .
- the transistor 200, LED package 170R, LED package 170G, and LED package 170B are provided above the transistor 300 .
- a wiring electrically connecting the transistors 300 and 200 is provided between the transistors 300 and 200 (not shown).
- the pixel layer PXAL has, for example, a transistor 200, an LED package 170R, an LED package 170G, and an LED package 170B.
- the LED package 170R, the LED package 170G, and the LED package 170B are collectively referred to as the LED package 170.
- FIG. 170 is referred to as the LED package 170.
- the substrate 310 corresponds to the substrate BS described in the first embodiment, for example. Therefore, as described in Embodiment 1, the substrate 310 preferably uses a substrate that can be applied to the substrate BS.
- the substrate 310 preferably blocks visible light (is non-transmissive to visible light). Since the substrate 310 blocks visible light, external light can be prevented from entering the transistors 200 and 300 formed over the substrate 310 .
- one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this, and the substrate 310 may transmit visible light.
- the substrate 310 includes a reflective layer that reflects light from the LED chip 180R, the LED chip 180G, and the LED chip 180B (light emitting diode) included in the LED package 170R, the LED package 170G, and the LED package 170B, respectively, and the light It may have one or both of the light shielding layers that block the LED chip 180R, the LED chip 180G, and the LED chip 180B, respectively, and the light It may have one or both of the light shielding layers that block the
- An LED chip is a light-emitting diode in which an electrode functioning as a cathode, an electrode functioning as an anode, a p-type semiconductor, an n-type semiconductor, and a light-emitting layer are provided on a substrate.
- a light-emitting diode with an LED chip area of 10000 ⁇ m 2 or less is a micro light-emitting diode
- a light-emitting diode with an LED chip area of 10000 ⁇ m 2 or more and 1 mm 2 or less is a mini light-emitting diode
- a light-emitting diode greater than 2 may be referred to as a macro light-emitting diode.
- the area of the LED chip here can be the area of the upper surface or the lower surface of the substrate 181 in FIGS. 11A, 11C, and 11D described later, for example.
- the area of the LED chip can be, for example, the area of the upper surface or the lower surface of the electrode 183A in FIG. 11B described later.
- a light emitting diode whose LED chip area is 100 ⁇ m 2 or less can be called a micro light emitting diode (micro LED chip).
- a micro LED chip or a mini LED chip may be used as a light emitting diode applicable to an LED package having an area of 1 mm 2 .
- any one of micro light emitting diodes, mini light emitting diodes, and macro light emitting diodes may be used for the LED package.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention preferably includes micro-light-emitting diodes or mini-light-emitting diodes, and more preferably includes micro-light-emitting diodes.
- the area of the LED chip of the light-emitting diode is preferably 1 mm 2 or less, more preferably 10000 ⁇ m 2 or less, more preferably 3000 ⁇ m 2 or less, and even more preferably 700 ⁇ m 2 or less.
- the area of the light emitting region of the light-emitting diode is preferably 1 mm 2 or less, more preferably 10000 ⁇ m 2 or less, more preferably 3000 ⁇ m 2 or less, and even more preferably 700 ⁇ m 2 or less.
- the area of the light-emitting region of the light-emitting diode here can be, for example, the area of the upper surface or the lower surface of the light-emitting layer 184 in FIGS. 11A to 11D described later.
- a micro light emitting diode is used as the light emitting diode.
- a micro light-emitting diode having a double heterojunction will be described.
- the light emitting diode is not particularly limited, and for example, a micro light emitting diode having a quantum well junction or a light emitting diode using nanocolumns may be used.
- a transistor included in a display device preferably has a metal oxide in a channel formation region.
- a transistor using a metal oxide can consume less power. Therefore, by combining with micro LEDs, a display device with extremely reduced power consumption can be realized.
- the diagonal size of the display device DSP can be determined according to the size of the substrate applied to the substrate BS (substrate 310).
- a display device DSP having a large diagonal size can be manufactured by using a glass substrate, a metal substrate, or a base film, which can be easily increased in area, as the substrate BS (substrate 310).
- a substrate with an increased area refers to, for example, a substrate having a second-generation substrate size or larger.
- the substrate 310 is described as a substrate having a material with high resistance to heat, such as a glass substrate.
- the transistor 300 and the transistor 200 are preferably formed by a process that can be formed even if the substrate BS (substrate 310) has a large area.
- Examples of a transistor that can be formed over a large-area substrate include a transistor including low-temperature polysilicon in a channel formation region (hereinafter referred to as an LTPS transistor) or an OS transistor.
- the transistor 300 is provided on the substrate 310 .
- the transistor 300 includes an insulator 311, an insulator 312, an insulator 313, an insulator 314, a conductor 316, a conductor 317, a low-resistance region 318p, a semiconductor region 318i, a conductor 319, have
- the same hatching pattern is applied to a plurality of layers obtained by processing the same conductive film.
- the low-resistance region 318p and the semiconductor region 318i are collectively referred to as a semiconductor layer 318.
- the transistor 300 can be an LTPS transistor by applying, for example, low temperature polysilicon to the semiconductor material included in the semiconductor layer 318 .
- the LTPS transistor has high field effect mobility and good frequency characteristics.
- a circuit provided in the circuit layer SICL (eg, the driver circuit GD and the driver circuit SD shown in FIGS. 2B to 5) can be formed over the same substrate as the display portion. can be done. This makes it possible to simplify the external circuit mounted on the display device and reduce the component cost and the mounting cost.
- the conductor 317 functions as a first gate (sometimes referred to as either a gate or a backgate) in the transistor 300 .
- the conductor 316 also functions as a second gate (sometimes referred to as the other of the gate and the back gate) in the transistor 300 .
- One of the pair of low-resistance regions 318p of the semiconductor layer 318 functions as one of the source and the drain of the transistor 300, and the other of the pair of low-resistance regions 318p of the semiconductor layer 318 functions as the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 300.
- function as The insulator 313 functions as a first gate insulating film in the transistor 300
- the insulator 312 functions as a second gate insulating film in the transistor 300 .
- an insulator 311 is formed on a substrate 310 .
- a conductor 316 is formed on a part of the insulator 311 .
- An insulator 312 is formed to cover the insulator 311 and the conductor 316 .
- a semiconductor layer 318 is formed over the conductor 316 and the insulator 312 and partially over the insulator 312 .
- An insulator 313 is formed to cover the insulator 312 and the semiconductor layer 318 .
- a conductor 317 is formed over the conductor 316 , the insulator 312 , the semiconductor layer 318 , and the insulator 313 and partially over the insulator 313 .
- Insulator 314 is covered so as to cover insulator 313 and conductor 317 .
- openings are provided in regions of the insulators 313 and 314 that overlap with the low-resistance region 318p, and a conductor 319 is formed over the insulator 314 so as to fill the openings.
- silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum oxynitride, aluminum nitride oxide, or aluminum nitride is used, for example. You can use it.
- oxynitride refers to a material whose composition contains more oxygen than nitrogen
- nitride oxide refers to a material whose composition contains more nitrogen than oxygen. point to the material.
- silicon oxynitride refers to a material whose composition contains more oxygen than nitrogen
- silicon nitride oxide refers to a material whose composition contains more nitrogen than oxygen. indicates
- the insulator 311 contains impurities (eg, certain metal ions, certain metal atoms, oxygen atoms, oxygen molecules, hydrogen atoms, hydrogen molecules, and It is preferable to use a barrier insulating film that prevents diffusion of water molecules.
- impurities eg, certain metal ions, certain metal atoms, oxygen atoms, oxygen molecules, hydrogen atoms, hydrogen molecules, and It is preferable to use a barrier insulating film that prevents diffusion of water molecules.
- the insulator 314 may contain impurities (eg, certain metal It is preferable to use a barrier insulating film that does not diffuse ions, specific metal atoms, oxygen atoms, oxygen molecules, hydrogen atoms, hydrogen molecules, and water molecules.
- impurities eg, certain metal It is preferable to use a barrier insulating film that does not diffuse ions, specific metal atoms, oxygen atoms, oxygen molecules, hydrogen atoms, hydrogen molecules, and water molecules.
- the insulator 311 and the insulator 314 have a function of suppressing diffusion of impurities such as specific metal ions, specific metal atoms, oxygen atoms, oxygen molecules, hydrogen atoms, hydrogen molecules, and water molecules (the above-described impurities). It is preferable to use an insulating material that is hard to permeate. In some situations, the insulators 311 and 314 have a function of suppressing diffusion of impurities such as nitrogen atoms, nitrogen molecules, nitrogen oxide molecules (eg, N 2 O, NO, or NO 2 ), and copper atoms. It is preferable to use an insulating material having (the oxygen hardly permeates).
- Silicon nitride formed by a CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method can be used as an example of a film having a barrier property against hydrogen.
- the desorption amount of hydrogen can be analyzed using, for example, thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS).
- TDS thermal desorption spectroscopy
- the amount of hydrogen released from the insulator 311 or the insulator 314 is the same as the amount of hydrogen atoms released from the insulator 311 or the insulator 314 when the surface temperature of the film is in the range of 50° C. to 500° C. in TDS. It is 10 ⁇ 10 15 atoms/cm 2 or less, preferably 5 ⁇ 10 15 atoms/cm 2 or less in terms of an area of 314.
- the semiconductor layer 318 contains silicon as described above.
- the silicon is preferably low-temperature polysilicon. That is, the transistor 300 is preferably an LTPS transistor.
- CMOS circuit can be formed using the LTPS transistor.
- the driver circuit is preferably composed of a CMOS circuit rather than a unipolar circuit from the viewpoint of driving speed and power consumption.
- the low resistance region 318p is a region containing an impurity element.
- the transistor 300 when the transistor 300 is an n-channel transistor, phosphorus or arsenic may be added to the low-resistance region 318p.
- boron or aluminum may be added to the low-resistance region 318p.
- the semiconductor region 318i may be doped with the impurity described above.
- the transistor 300 may be either a p-channel transistor or an n-channel transistor.
- a plurality of transistors 300 may be provided in the circuit layer SICL, and both p-channel transistors and n-channel transistors may be used.
- metals such as aluminum, titanium, chromium, nickel, copper, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, silver, tantalum, or tungsten can be used.
- an alloy containing any of the above metals as its main component can be used in a single-layer structure or a laminated structure.
- the conductors 316 and 317 may include indium oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium oxide containing tungsten, indium zinc oxide containing tungsten, indium oxide containing titanium, ITO containing titanium, A light-transmitting conductive material such as indium zinc oxide, zinc oxide (ZnO), ZnO containing gallium, or indium tin oxide containing silicon can be used.
- the conductors 316 and 317 can be formed using a semiconductor such as polycrystalline silicon or an oxide semiconductor, or a silicide such as nickel silicide whose resistance is reduced by, for example, containing an impurity element.
- a film containing graphene can be used for the conductors 316 and 317 .
- a film containing graphene can be formed, for example, by reducing a film containing graphene oxide.
- a semiconductor such as an oxide semiconductor containing an impurity element may be used for the conductors 316 and 317 .
- the conductors 316 and 317 may be formed using a conductive paste such as silver, carbon, or copper, or a conductive polymer such as polythiophene. Conductive paste is inexpensive and preferred. Conductive polymers are preferred because they are easy to apply.
- the conductor 319 functions as a wiring electrically connected to the low resistance region 318p of the transistor 300. In other words, the conductor 319 functions as the source or drain of the transistor 300.
- transistor 300 illustrated in FIG. 9 is an example, and the structure thereof is not limited, and an appropriate transistor may be used depending on the circuit configuration, driving method, and the like.
- An insulator 320 and an insulator 322 are formed in this order on the insulator 314 .
- a material that can be applied to any one of the insulators 311 to 314 can be used.
- a plurality of transistors 200 are formed on the insulator 322 .
- a plurality of transistors 200 can be manufactured using the same material and the same process, for example.
- An insulator 211, an insulator 213, an insulator 215, and an insulator 214 are provided on the insulator 322 in this order.
- Part of the insulator 211 functions as a gate insulating layer of each transistor.
- Part of the insulator 213 functions as a gate insulating layer of each transistor.
- An insulator 215 is provided over the transistor.
- An insulator 214 is provided over the transistor and functions as a planarization layer. Note that the number of gate insulating layers and the number of insulating layers covering a transistor are not limited, and each layer may be a single layer or a stack of two or more layers.
- a material in which impurities such as water and hydrogen are difficult to diffuse for at least one insulating layer covering the transistor.
- Inorganic insulating films are preferably used as the insulators 211, 213, and 215, respectively.
- the inorganic insulating film for example, a silicon nitride film, a silicon oxynitride film, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride oxide film, an aluminum oxide film, or an aluminum nitride film can be used.
- a hafnium oxide film, an yttrium oxide film, a zirconium oxide film, a gallium oxide film, a tantalum oxide film, a magnesium oxide film, a lanthanum oxide film, a cerium oxide film, or a neodymium oxide film may be used as the inorganic insulating film.
- the inorganic insulating film may be formed by stacking two or more of the insulating films described above.
- An organic insulating layer is suitable for the insulator 214 that functions as a planarization layer.
- Materials that can be used for the organic insulating layer include acrylic resins, polyimide resins, epoxy resins, polyamide resins, polyimideamide resins, siloxane resins, benzocyclobutene-based resins, phenolic resins, and precursors of these resins.
- the insulator 214 may have a laminated structure of an organic insulating layer and an inorganic insulating layer. The outermost layer of the insulator 214 preferably functions as an etching protection layer.
- recesses in the insulator 214 can be suppressed when the conductors 111a to 111c and the conductors 112a to 112c, which will be described later, are processed.
- recesses may be provided in the insulator 214 when the conductors 111a to 111c and the conductors 112a to 112c are processed.
- the plurality of transistors 200 includes a conductor 221 functioning as a gate, an insulator 211 functioning as a gate insulating layer, conductors 222a and 222b functioning as a source and a drain, a semiconductor layer 231, and a gate insulating layer. It has an insulator 213 that functions and a conductor 223 that functions as a gate.
- a plurality of layers obtained by processing the same conductive film are given the same hatching pattern.
- the insulator 211 is located between the conductor 221 and the semiconductor layer 231 .
- the insulator 213 is located between the conductor 223 and the semiconductor layer 231 .
- a material that can be applied to the conductor 316 can be used.
- the structure of the transistor included in the display device of this embodiment there is no particular limitation on the structure of the transistor included in the display device of this embodiment.
- a planar transistor, a staggered transistor, an inverted staggered transistor, or the like can be used.
- the transistor structure may be either a top-gate type or a bottom-gate type.
- gates may be provided above and below a semiconductor layer in which a channel is formed.
- a structure in which a semiconductor layer in which a channel is formed is sandwiched between two gates is applied to each of the plurality of transistors 200 .
- a transistor may be driven by connecting two gates and applying the same signal to them.
- the threshold voltage of the transistor may be controlled by applying a potential for controlling the threshold voltage to one of the two gates and applying a potential for driving to the other.
- the crystallinity of a semiconductor material used for a transistor is not particularly limited, either an amorphous semiconductor or a semiconductor having crystallinity (a microcrystalline semiconductor, a polycrystalline semiconductor, a single crystal semiconductor, or a semiconductor partially having a crystal region). may be used. It is preferable to use a crystalline semiconductor because deterioration of transistor characteristics can be suppressed.
- a semiconductor layer of a transistor preferably includes a metal oxide (also referred to as an oxide semiconductor).
- the display device of this embodiment preferably uses a transistor including a metal oxide for a channel formation region (hereinafter referred to as an OS transistor).
- crystalline oxide semiconductors examples include CAAC (c-axis-aligned crystalline)-OS, nc (nanocrystalline)-OS, and the like.
- An OS transistor has extremely high field effect mobility compared to a transistor using amorphous silicon.
- an OS transistor has extremely low source-drain leakage current (hereinafter also referred to as an off-state current) in an off state, and can retain charge accumulated in a capacitor connected in series with the transistor for a long time. is possible. Further, by using the OS transistor, power consumption of the display device can be reduced.
- the off current value of the OS transistor per 1 ⁇ m of channel width at room temperature is 1 aA (1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 18 A) or less, 1 zA (1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 21 A) or less, or 1 yA (1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 24 A) or less.
- the off current value of the Si transistor per 1 ⁇ m channel width at room temperature is 1 fA (1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 15 A) or more and 1 pA (1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 A) or less. Therefore, it can be said that the off-state current of the OS transistor is about ten digits lower than the off-state current of the Si transistor.
- the amount of current flowing through the light-emitting diodes included in the pixel circuits it is necessary to increase the amount of current flowing through the light-emitting diodes.
- the OS transistor when the transistor operates in the saturation region, the OS transistor can reduce the change in the current between the source and the drain with respect to the change in the voltage between the gate and the source compared to the Si transistor. Therefore, by applying an OS transistor as a driving transistor included in a pixel circuit, the current flowing between the source and the drain can be finely determined according to the change in the voltage between the gate and the source. can be controlled. Therefore, it is possible to increase the gradation in the pixel circuit.
- the OS transistor flows a more stable current (saturation current) than the Si transistor even when the source-drain voltage gradually increases. be able to. Therefore, by using the OS transistor as the driving transistor, a stable current can be supplied to the light-emitting diode even when the current-voltage characteristics of the light-emitting diode vary, for example. That is, when the OS transistor operates in the saturation region, even if the voltage between the source and the drain is increased, the current between the source and the drain hardly changes, so that the light emission luminance of the light emitting diode can be stabilized.
- a semiconductor layer provided in an OS transistor preferably contains at least indium or zinc, and more preferably contains indium and zinc.
- the semiconductor layer may include indium and M (where M is gallium, aluminum, yttrium, tin, silicon, boron, copper, vanadium, beryllium, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, magnesium, and cobalt) and zinc.
- M is preferably one or more selected from gallium, aluminum, yttrium, and tin.
- an oxide also referred to as IGZO
- IGZO oxide containing indium (In), gallium (Ga), and zinc
- an oxide containing indium, tin, and zinc is preferably used.
- oxides containing indium, gallium, tin, and zinc are preferably used.
- an oxide containing indium (In), aluminum (Al), and zinc (Zn) is preferably used.
- an oxide containing indium (In), aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), and zinc (Zn) also referred to as IAGZO
- IAGZO oxide containing indium (In), aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), and zinc (Zn)
- the atomic ratio of In in the In-M-Zn oxide is preferably equal to or higher than the atomic ratio of M.
- the structure of the OS transistor is not limited to the structure shown in FIG.
- the structure shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B may be used.
- the transistor 200A and the transistor 200B include a conductor 221 functioning as a gate, an insulator 211 functioning as a gate insulating layer, a semiconductor layer 231 having a channel formation region 231i and a pair of low-resistance regions 231n, and one of the pair of low-resistance regions 231n.
- a conductor 222b connected to the other of the pair of low-resistance regions 231n, an insulator 225 functioning as a gate insulating layer, a conductor 223 functioning as a gate, and an insulator 215 covering the conductor 223 have
- the insulator 211 is located between the conductor 221 and the channel formation region 231i.
- the insulator 225 is positioned at least between the conductor 223 and the channel formation region 231i. Additionally, an insulator 218 may be provided to cover the transistor.
- the transistor 200A shown in FIG. 10A shows an example in which the insulator 225 covers the upper surface and side surfaces of the semiconductor layer 231.
- the conductors 222a and 222b are connected to the low-resistance region 231n through openings provided in the insulators 225 and 215, respectively.
- One of the conductor 222a and the conductor 222b functions as a source and the other functions as a drain.
- the insulator 225 overlaps the channel formation region 231i of the semiconductor layer 231 and does not overlap the low resistance region 231n.
- the structure shown in FIG. 10B can be manufactured.
- the insulator 215 is provided to cover the insulator 225 and the conductor 223, and the conductors 222a and 222b are connected to the low-resistance region 231n through openings in the insulator 215, respectively.
- openings are provided in regions of the insulator 214 that partially overlap with the plurality of conductors 222b.
- the conductor 111a, the conductor 111b, the conductor 111b, and the conductor 222b, which is part of the insulator 214, the side surface of the opening, and the conductor 222b, which is the bottom surface of the opening are formed.
- a body 111c, a conductor 112a, a conductor 112b, or a conductor 112c is provided.
- Conductors 111a, 111b, and 111c are common to LED chips 180R, 180G, and 180B (light-emitting diodes) included in LED packages 170R, 170G, and 170B, respectively. Acts as an electrode. Further, the conductors 112a, 112b, and 112c are LED chips 180R, 180G, and 180B (light-emitting diodes) included in the LED packages 170R, 170G, and 170B, respectively. function as a pixel electrode.
- Aluminum, titanium, chromium, nickel, copper, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, silver, tantalum, or tungsten can be used for the conductors 111a to 111c and the conductors 112a to 112c, for example.
- an alloy containing a metal selected from the materials listed above as a main component can be used for the conductors 111a to 111c and the conductors 112a to 112c.
- the conductors 111a to 111c and the conductors 112a to 112c may have a single layer containing the materials or alloys listed above, or may have a structure in which two or more single layers are stacked.
- a single-layer structure of an aluminum film containing silicon a two-layer structure of stacking an aluminum film on a titanium film, a two-layer structure of stacking an aluminum film on a tungsten film, and a copper-magnesium-aluminum alloy film.
- an oxide such as indium oxide, tin oxide, or zinc oxide may be used.
- a protective layer 116 is provided over the insulator 214, the conductors 111a to 111c, and the conductors 112a to 112c.
- the protective layer 116 is formed so as to fill the opening of the insulator 214 whose bottom is the conductor 222b.
- the protective layer 116 is preferably provided so as to cover respective ends of the conductors 111a to 111c and the conductors 112a to 112c.
- the protective layer 116 it is preferable to use a resin such as an acrylic resin, a polyimide resin, an epoxy resin, or a silicone resin.
- a resin such as an acrylic resin, a polyimide resin, an epoxy resin, or a silicone resin.
- the protective layer 116 may not be provided over the insulator 214, over the conductors 111a to 111c, and over the conductors 112a to 112c depending on the situation.
- Openings are provided in regions of the protective layer 116 which overlap with parts of the conductors 111a to 111c and regions which overlap with parts of the conductors 112a to 112c.
- a conductor 117 and a conductor 118 are provided over the protective layer 116 .
- the conductor 117 is provided so as to fill an opening provided in a region of the protective layer 116 that overlaps with part of each of the conductors 112a to 112c
- the conductor 118 is provided in the protective layer 116 so as to be conductive. It is provided so as to fill an opening provided in a region overlapping with a part of each of the bodies 111a to 111c.
- conductors 117 and 118 for example, a conductive paste containing a material such as silver, carbon, or copper, or a bump containing a material such as gold or solder can be suitably used.
- conductors 112a to 112c (conductors 111a to 111c) electrically connected to the conductor 117 (conductor 118) and an electrode 172 (electrode 173) to be described later are each provided with a conductor.
- a conductive material with low contact resistance with 117 (conductor 118) is preferably used.
- a conductive material that can be applied to each of the conductors 112a to 112c (conductors 111a to 111c) and an electrode 172 (electrode 173) described later. is aluminum, titanium, copper, or an alloy of silver, palladium, and copper (Ag--Pd--Cu (APC)), the contact resistance with the conductor 117 (conductor 118) can be reduced.
- An LED package 170R, an LED package 170G, and an LED package 170B are mounted on the conductors 117 and 118.
- a specific configuration example of the LED package 170R, the LED package 170G, and the LED package 170B included in the display device 1000 of FIG. 9 is shown in FIG. 11A.
- the LED package 170 of FIG. 11A has a substrate 171, electrodes 172, 173, a heat sink 174, an adhesive layer 175, a case 176, wires 177, wires 179, a sealing layer 178, balls 189, and an LED chip 180.
- the LED chip 180 has a substrate 181 , a semiconductor layer 182 , an electrode 183 , a light emitting layer 184 , a semiconductor layer 185 , an electrode 186 and an electrode 187 .
- the term “LED chip” can be replaced with the term "light emitting diode”.
- a glass epoxy resin substrate for example, a polyimide substrate, a ceramic substrate, an alumina substrate, or an aluminum nitride substrate can be used.
- the electrodes 172 and 173 are formed on the top, side and bottom surfaces of the substrate 171 .
- the electrodes 172 formed on the top, side, and bottom surfaces of the substrate 171 function as one wire, and similarly, the electrodes 173 formed on the top, side, and bottom surfaces of the substrate 171 function as another wire. Acts as book wiring. Note that the electrode 172 and the electrode 173 are in a non-conducting state.
- the substrate 171 is provided with a heat sink 174 .
- the heat sink 174 has, for example, a function of dissipating heat generated by the LED chip 180 .
- the electrode 172, the electrode 173, and the heat sink 174 can be made of the same material.
- the electrodes 172, 173, and heat sink 174 can be made of one element selected from nickel, copper, silver, platinum, or gold, or an alloy material containing 50% or more of the element.
- the electrode 172, the electrode 173, and the heat sink 174 can be formed in the same process.
- the LED chip 180 is bonded onto the substrate 171 with an adhesive layer 175 .
- the substrate 181 of the LED chip 180 is provided so as to overlap with the heat sink 174 provided on the substrate 171 via the adhesive layer 175 .
- the material of the adhesive layer 175 is not particularly limited. For example, by using a conductive adhesive as the material of the adhesive layer 175, the heat dissipation of the LED chip 180 can be enhanced.
- a single crystal substrate such as a sapphire substrate, a silicon carbide substrate, a silicon substrate, or a gallium nitride substrate can be used for the substrate 181, for example.
- a semiconductor layer 182 is formed on a substrate 181 in the LED chip 180 .
- An electrode 183 is formed on a part of the semiconductor layer 182 , and a light-emitting layer 184 is formed on another part of the semiconductor layer 182 .
- a semiconductor layer 185 is formed on the light emitting layer 184 , an electrode 186 is formed on the semiconductor layer 185 , and an electrode 187 is formed on part of the electrode 186 .
- the light emitting layer 184 is sandwiched between the semiconductor layers 182 and 185 .
- electrons and holes combine to emit light.
- One of the semiconductor layers 182 and 185 is an n-type semiconductor layer, and the other of the semiconductor layers 182 and 185 is a p-type semiconductor layer.
- the color of the light emitted by the light emitting diode can be freely determined for each LED chip 180 of each of the LED packages 170R, 170G, and 170B.
- the laminated structure includes, for example, a gallium-phosphide compound, a gallium-arsenide compound, a gallium-aluminum-arsenide compound, an aluminum-gallium-indium-phosphide compound, a gallium nitride, an indium-gallium nitride compound, or a selenium-zinc compound. can be used.
- the colors emitted by the light-emitting diodes included in the LED chips 180 of the LED package 170 can be cyan, magenta, yellow, or white in addition to red, green, and blue.
- the electrodes 183 are electrically connected to the electrodes 172 via wires 177 . That is, the electrode 183 functions as a pixel electrode of the light emitting diode. Electrode 187 is also electrically connected to electrode 173 via wire 179 . That is, the electrode 187 functions as a common electrode for the light emitting diodes.
- a method for bonding the electrode 183 and the wire 177, a method for bonding the electrode 172 and the wire 177, a method for bonding the electrode 187 and the wire 179, and a method for bonding the electrode 173 and the wire 179 include wire bonding, for example. be done. Further, types of wire bonding methods include a thermocompression bonding method and an ultrasonic bonding method. Further, balls 189 made of the same material as the wires 179 are formed on the electrodes 172 , 173 , 183 and 187 by bonding the wires 177 and 179 by wire bonding.
- the electrodes 183, 186, and 187 it is preferable to use a material that can be applied to the conductors 111a to 111c and the conductors 112a to 112c, for example.
- a translucent conductive material for the electrode 186.
- the light-transmitting conductive material is preferably a light-transmitting conductive material among materials applicable to the conductors 111a to 111c and the conductors 112a to 112c, for example.
- the electrode 187 is also preferably made of a light-transmitting conductive material.
- wires 177 and 179 thin metal wires such as gold, an alloy containing gold, copper, or an alloy containing copper can be used.
- Resin can be used as the material of the case 176 .
- the case 176 only needs to cover the side surface of the sealing layer 178 and does not have to cover the upper surface of the LED chip 180 . That is, for example, the sealing layer 178 may be exposed on the upper surface side of the LED chip 180 .
- a reflector made of ceramic or the like is provided on the inner side surface of the case 176. More light can be extracted from the LED package 170 by reflecting part of the light emitted from the light emitting layer 184 of the LED chip 180 by the reflector.
- the inside of the case 176 is filled with a sealing layer 178 .
- a resin having transparency to visible light for example.
- an ultraviolet curable resin or a visible light curable resin such as epoxy resin or silicone resin can be used.
- An LED package 170A1 shown in FIG. 11B differs from the LED package 170 in FIG. 11A in that an LED chip 180A is provided on a substrate 171.
- the pixel electrode of the LED chip 180A is adhered to the electrode 172 not by the wire 177 but by the adhesive layer 175.
- FIG. 11B shows that an LED chip 180A is provided on a substrate 171.
- the pixel electrode of the LED chip 180A is adhered to the electrode 172 not by the wire 177 but by the adhesive layer 175.
- the LED package 170A1 of FIG. 11B has a substrate 171, electrodes 172, 173, an adhesive layer 175, a case 176, wires 177, 179, a sealing layer 178, balls 189, and an LED chip 180A.
- the LED chip 180A has an electrode 183A and a light-emitting diode provided on the electrode 183A.
- the light emitting diode has a semiconductor layer 182 , a light emitting layer 184 , a semiconductor layer 185 , an electrode 186 and an electrode 187 .
- a conductive substrate for example, can be used for the electrode 183A.
- Examples of types of conductive substrates include metal substrates.
- a semiconductor layer 182, a light-emitting layer 184, a semiconductor layer 185, an electrode 186, and an electrode 187 are formed in this order on the electrode 183A.
- the light emitting layer 184 the semiconductor layer 185, the electrode 186, and the electrode 187, refer to the description of the LED package 170 in FIG. 11A.
- the electrodes 172 and 173 are formed on the upper, side and lower surfaces of the substrate 171.
- the electrodes 172 are also formed in the area of the substrate 171 where the LED chips 180A are provided.
- Electrodes 172 formed on the top surface, side surfaces, and bottom surface of the substrate 171 function as one wiring.
- electrodes 173 formed on the top surface, side surfaces, and bottom surface of the substrate 171 function as another single wire. Note that the electrode 172 and the electrode 173 are in a non-conducting state.
- the LED chip 180A is bonded onto the substrate 171 by an adhesive layer 175 .
- the electrode 183A of the LED chip 180A is provided so as to partially overlap the electrode 172 provided on the substrate 171 with the adhesive layer 175 interposed therebetween.
- the adhesive layer 175 is a conductive adhesive.
- the pixel electrode of the LED chip 180A and the electrode 172 of the substrate 171 are bonded using the adhesive layer 175 instead of the wire 177.
- the LED package 170A2 can be configured.
- An LED package 170A2 shown in FIG. 11C differs from the LED package shown in FIG. 11A in that a color conversion layer 190 is provided inside the case 176 .
- FIG. 11C shows a configuration in which the color conversion layer 190 is provided above the sealing layer 178
- the arrangement of the color conversion layer 190 is not limited to this.
- color conversion layer 190 may be dispersed within encapsulation layer 178 .
- Quantum dots in particular, have a narrow peak width in the emission spectrum and can provide light emission with good color purity. By using quantum dots for the color conversion layer 190, the display quality of the display device 1000 can be improved.
- the color conversion layer 190 has a function of converting light emitted from the light emitting layer 184 included in the LED chip 180 of the LED package 170A2 into light of another color.
- a color conversion layer that converts blue light into green light or a color conversion layer that converts blue light into red light can be used.
- a red light emitting diode is provided in a red sub-pixel
- blue light emitted from the blue light emitting diode is converted into red light through the color conversion layer 190, and the case 176 , that is, outside the display device 1000 .
- a blue light-emitting diode is provided in a green sub-pixel, blue light emitted from the blue light-emitting diode passes through the color conversion layer 190 and is converted into green light. , is emitted above the case 176 , that is, outside the display device 1000 .
- the color conversion layer 190 can be formed using a droplet ejection method (for example, an inkjet method), a coating method, an imprint method, or various printing methods (screen printing or offset printing).
- a color conversion film such as a quantum dot film can be used for the color conversion layer 190 .
- an organic resin layer having a phosphor printed or painted on the surface, or an organic resin layer mixed with a phosphor can be used.
- the material constituting the quantum dots is not particularly limited. compounds of elements and Group 16 elements, compounds of Group 2 elements and Group 16 elements, compounds of Group 13 elements and Group 15 elements, compounds of Group 13 elements and Group 17 elements, Compounds of Group 14 elements and Group 15 elements, compounds of Group 11 elements and Group 17 elements, iron oxides, titanium oxides, chalcogenide spinels, or semiconductor clusters can be mentioned.
- Quantum dot structures include core type, core-shell type, and core-multi-shell type.
- quantum dots since quantum dots have a high proportion of surface atoms, they are highly reactive and tend to aggregate. Therefore, it is preferable that a protecting agent is attached to the surface of the quantum dot or a protecting group is provided. By attaching the protective agent or providing a protective group, aggregation can be prevented and the solubility in a solvent can be increased. It is also possible to reduce reactivity and improve electrical stability.
- the size (diameter) of the quantum dot decreases, the bandgap increases, so the size is adjusted appropriately so that light of the desired wavelength can be obtained.
- the emission of the quantum dots shifts to the blue side, that is, to the higher energy side. Its emission wavelength can be tuned over a wavelength range.
- the size (diameter) of the quantum dots is, for example, 0.5 nm or more and 20 nm or less, preferably 1 nm or more and 10 nm or less.
- the narrower the size distribution of the quantum dots the narrower the emission spectrum and the better the color purity of the emitted light.
- the shape of the quantum dots is not particularly limited, and may be spherical, rod-like, disk-like, or any other shape. Quantum rods, which are bar-shaped quantum dots, have the function of exhibiting directional light.
- the LED package 170A2 may have a laminated structure of the color conversion layer 190 and the colored layer inside or above it. As a result, the light converted by the color conversion layer 190 passes through the colored layer, thereby increasing the purity of the light.
- a colored layer having the same color as the light emitted by the light-emitting layer 184 is provided at a position overlapping with the LED chip 180 (the substrate 181, the semiconductor layer 182, the electrode 183, the light-emitting layer 184, the semiconductor layer 185, the electrode 186, and the electrode 187). may be provided. By providing colored layers of the same color, the purity of light emitted from the light-emitting layer 184 can be increased. Further, when the colored layer is not provided on the LED package 170A2, the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- the colored layer is a colored layer that transmits light in a specific wavelength range.
- a color filter or the like that transmits light in the wavelength regions of red, green, blue, or yellow can be used.
- materials that can be used for the colored layer include metal materials, resin materials, and resin materials containing pigments or dyes.
- LED packages different from the LED package 170 in FIG. 11A, the LED package 170A1 in FIG. 11B, and the LED package 170A2 in FIG. A configuration example will be described.
- LED package 170A3 shown in FIG. 11D differs from LED package 170 in FIG. .
- the substrate 181 preferably has translucency in order to emit light from the light emitting layer 184 above the LED package 170A3.
- the electrodes 183 and 187 of the LED chip 180 face the substrate 171 side. It is done with conductors that act as bumps rather than wires. Specifically, the electrodes 183 and 172 are joined by a conductor 191 , and the electrodes 187 and 173 are joined by a conductor 192 .
- the conductor 191 and the conductor 192 can each be formed using a material that can be used for the conductor 117 or the conductor 118 .
- FIG. 12A is an example of a plan view of the LED package 170 of FIG. 11A. Note that FIG. 12A shows a substrate 181 that is a component of the LED chip 180 . Although the configuration in which the LED package 170 has one LED chip 180 on the substrate 171 as shown in FIG. 12A has been described above as an example, one aspect of the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the LED package 170 may have a configuration in which a plurality of LED chips are provided on the substrate 171 instead of one.
- FIG. 12B shows, as an example, the configuration of an LED package 170S in which three LED chips 180R, 180G, and 180B are provided on a substrate 171.
- FIG. 12B shows a substrate 181R that is a component of the LED chip 180R, a substrate 181G that is a component of the LED chip 180G, and a substrate 181B that is a component of the LED chip 180B.
- Each of the light-emitting diodes included in the LED chip 180R, the LED chip 180G, and the LED chip 180B provided in the LED package 170S may have light-emitting layers that emit light of different colors.
- the LED package 170S can emit red, It can emit three colors of green and blue light.
- the light-emitting diodes may be driven by transistors having the same configuration. , may be driven by transistors of different configurations.
- the transistor driving the LED chip 180R included in the LED package 170R the transistor driving the LED chip 180G included in the LED package 170G, and the transistor included in the LED package 170B.
- At least one of transistor size, channel length, channel width, structure, etc. may be different from the transistor driving LED chip 180B. Specifically, one or both of the channel length and channel width of the transistor may be changed for each color depending on the amount of current required to emit light with desired luminance.
- the upper surface of the protective layer 116, the upper surface and side surfaces of the conductor 117, the upper surface and side surfaces of the conductor 118, and the respective side surfaces of the LED packages 170R, 170G, and 170B are made of resin. It may be covered with layer 148 . When a black resin is used for the resin layer 148, the display contrast of the display device 1000 can be increased. Further, one or more selected from the upper surface of the resin layer 148 and the upper surface of the LED package 170R, the LED package 170G, and the LED package 170B may be provided with one or the other of a surface protective layer and a shock absorbing layer. good.
- each of the LED package 170R, the LED package 170G, and the LED package 170B is configured to emit light upward, the layers provided on the upper surfaces of the LED package 170R, the LED package 170G, and the LED package 170B are designed to emit visible light. is preferably permeable to
- all of the conductors 112a to 112c, the conductor 117, and the electrode 172 are sometimes called pixel electrodes.
- Part of the conductors 112a to 112c, the conductor 117, and the electrode 172 is sometimes called a pixel electrode.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the structure of the display device 1000 illustrated in FIG.
- a display device of one embodiment of the present invention may have the structure of the display device 1000 in FIG. 9 modified within the scope of solving the problems of the present invention.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention does not have a structure in which a plurality of LED packages 170 are mounted above the substrate 310, but a structure in which a substrate on which a plurality of light emitting diodes are formed is attached above the substrate 310. may be
- FIG. 13A shows, as an example, a substrate 410 having a plurality of light emitting diodes formed thereon and attached to a structure formed up to the protective layer 116 of the display device 1000 of FIG. It shows the display device 1001 assembled.
- FIG. 13B also shows a substrate 410 on which a plurality of light emitting diodes are formed.
- FIGS. 13A and 13B illustrate a light emitting diode 420R, a light emitting diode 420G, and a light emitting diode 420B as the plurality of light emitting diodes. Also, the light emitting diode 420R, the light emitting diode 420G, and the light emitting diode 420B may be collectively referred to as the light emitting diode 420.
- the light-emitting diode 420R has, for example, an electrode 183a, a semiconductor layer 182a, a light-emitting layer 184a, a semiconductor layer 185a, and an electrode 186a.
- the light emitting diode 420G has, for example, an electrode 183b, a semiconductor layer 182b, a light emitting layer 184b, a semiconductor layer 185b, and an electrode 186b.
- the light-emitting diode 420B has, for example, an electrode 183c, a semiconductor layer 182c, a light-emitting layer 184c, a semiconductor layer 185c, and an electrode 186c.
- Semiconductor layers 185a to 185c are formed over the substrate 410 in FIG. 13B.
- light-emitting layers 184a to 184c are formed on partial regions of the semiconductor layers 185a to 185c, respectively.
- a semiconductor layer 182a is formed on the light emitting layer 184a
- a semiconductor layer 182b is formed on the light emitting layer 184b
- a semiconductor layer 182c is formed on the light emitting layer 184c.
- a protective layer 411 is provided so as to cover the top surface of the substrate 410, the top surfaces and side surfaces of the semiconductor layers 185a to 185c, the side surfaces of the light-emitting layers 184a to 184c, and the top surface and side surfaces of the semiconductor layers 182a to 182c. formed.
- the protective layer 411 is provided with an opening in a region that overlaps with a part of the semiconductor layer 182a so that a part of the protective layer 411 and the top surface of the semiconductor layer 182a, which is the bottom surface of the opening, are covered. , an electrode 183a is formed.
- the protective layer 411 has an opening in a region overlapping with a part of the semiconductor layer 182b, and covers a part of the protective layer 411 and the top surface of the semiconductor layer 182b, which is the bottom surface of the opening. , an electrode 183b is formed.
- the protective layer 411 has an opening in a region overlapping with a part of the semiconductor layer 182c, and covers a part of the protective layer 411 and the top surface of the semiconductor layer 182c, which is the bottom surface of the opening. , an electrode 183c is formed.
- the protective layer 411 has an opening in a region that does not overlap with the semiconductor layer 182a and the light-emitting layer 184a and overlaps with part of the semiconductor layer 185a.
- An electrode 186a is formed to cover the semiconductor layer 185a which is the bottom surface of the .
- the protective layer 411 has an opening in a region that does not overlap with the semiconductor layer 182b and the light-emitting layer 184b and overlaps with part of the semiconductor layer 185b.
- An electrode 186b is formed to cover the semiconductor layer 185b which is the bottom surface of the portion.
- the protective layer 411 has an opening in a region that does not overlap with the semiconductor layer 182c and the light-emitting layer 184c and overlaps with part of the semiconductor layer 185c.
- An electrode 186c is formed to cover the semiconductor layer 185c which is the bottom surface of the portion.
- the display device 1001 is of the top emission type. Light emitted from the light emitting diode 420R, the light emitting diode 420G, and the light emitting diode 420B is emitted to the substrate 410 side. Therefore, it is preferable to use a material having high visible light transmittance for the substrate 410 .
- a substrate having high visible light transmittance may be selected among substrates that can be applied to the substrate BS.
- the light emitting layer 184a is sandwiched between the semiconductor layer 182a and the semiconductor layer 185a. In the light-emitting layer 184a, electrons and holes combine to emit light.
- One of the semiconductor layers 182a and 185a is an n-type semiconductor layer, and the other of the semiconductor layers 182a and 185a is a p-type semiconductor layer.
- the light emitting layer 184b is sandwiched between the semiconductor layer 182b and the semiconductor layer 185b. In the light-emitting layer 184b, electrons and holes combine to emit light.
- One of the semiconductor layers 182b and 185b is an n-type semiconductor layer, and the other of the semiconductor layers 182b and 185b is a p-type semiconductor layer.
- the light emitting layer 184c is sandwiched between the semiconductor layer 182c and the semiconductor layer 185c. In the light-emitting layer 184c, electrons and holes combine to emit light.
- One of the semiconductor layers 182c and 185c is an n-type semiconductor layer, and the other of the semiconductor layers 182c and 185c is a p-type semiconductor layer.
- Each of the light-emitting diode 420R, the light-emitting diode 420G, and the light-emitting diode 420B mounted in the display device 1001 in FIG. 13A includes a pair of semiconductor layers and a light-emitting layer between the pair of semiconductor layers.
- the laminated structure is formed to exhibit red, green, or blue light. Therefore, the color of the light emitted by each of the light emitting diodes 420R, 420G, and 420B can be freely determined.
- the light emitting diode 420R may be a red light emitting diode
- the light emitting diode 420G may be a green light emitting diode
- the light emitting diode 420B may be a blue light emitting diode.
- a layered structure that can be applied to the light-emitting diode included in the LED package 170 of FIG. 9 can be used for the layered structure.
- the colors emitted by the light-emitting diodes 420 can be cyan, magenta, yellow, or white other than red, green, and blue.
- the protective layer 411 for example, an inorganic insulating film or an organic insulating film that can be applied to the insulator 105 can be used. Also, for the protective layer 411, for example, a material that can be applied to the sealing layer 178 of the LED package 170 of FIG. 11A can be used.
- a substrate 410 is attached to the stacked body SST using conductors 193a to 193c and conductors 194a to 194c functioning as bumps, respectively.
- the conductor 112a provided in the stacked body SST and the electrode 183a of the light emitting diode 420R are joined via the conductor 194a, and the conductor 111a provided in the stacked body SST and the electrode 186a of the light emitting diode 420R are connected.
- the conductor 112b provided in the stacked body SST and the electrode 183b of the light emitting diode 420G are joined through a conductor 194b
- the conductor 111b provided in the stacked body SST and the light emitting diode 420G are joined through a conductor 194b
- the electrode 186b of the diode 420G is joined through a conductor 193b
- the conductor 112c provided in the stacked body SST and the electrode 183c of the light emitting diode 420B are joined through a conductor 194c and provided in the stacked body SST.
- the conductor 111c and the electrode 186c of the light emitting diode 420B are joined via the conductor 193c.
- the conductors 193a to 193c and the conductors 194a to 194c can be formed using a material that can be used for the conductor 117 or the conductor 118 .
- the display device 1001 may use the color conversion layer 190 used in the LED package 170A2 of FIG. 11C.
- a color conversion layer 190 is provided on the path of light emitted by the light emitting diodes 420R, 420G, and 420B and between at least one of the semiconductor layers 185a to 185c and the substrate 410. Accordingly, the color of light emitted from the light emitting layer can be converted into another color by the color conversion layer 190 .
- each of the light emitting diode 420R, the light emitting diode 420G, and the light emitting diode 420B is a light emitting diode that emits blue light.
- a display device 1001A shown in FIG. 14 is obtained by changing the configuration of the display device 1001 shown in FIG. 13A. is provided.
- a colored layer 167R and a color conversion layer 190a are formed in this order in a region overlapping the light emitting diode 420R.
- a colored layer 167G and a color conversion layer 190b are formed in this order in a region overlapping with the light emitting diode 420G.
- an adhesive layer 108 is provided so as to cover the substrate 410, the colored layer 167R, the color conversion layer 190a, the colored layer 167G, and the color conversion layer 190b.
- the light-emitting diode 420R, the light-emitting diode 420G, and the light-emitting diode 420B described in the display device 1001 of FIG. 13A are provided on the adhesive layer 108 .
- semiconductor layers 185 a to 185 c are provided in a part of the adhesive layer 108 .
- a light-emitting layer 184a and a semiconductor layer 185a are provided in this order in a region of the semiconductor layer 185a overlapping the colored layer 167R and the color conversion layer 190a.
- a light-emitting layer 184b and a semiconductor layer 185b are provided in this order in a region overlapping with 190b.
- a light-emitting layer 184c and a semiconductor layer 185c are provided in this order in a part of the semiconductor layer 185c.
- a protective layer 411 is formed.
- the protective layer 411 is provided with an opening in a region overlapping with a part of the semiconductor layer 182a.
- An electrode 183a is formed to cover the upper surface of the semiconductor layer 182a.
- the protective layer 411 has an opening in a region overlapping with a part of the semiconductor layer 182b, and covers a part of the protective layer 411 and the top surface of the semiconductor layer 182b, which is the bottom surface of the opening. , an electrode 183b is formed.
- the protective layer 411 has an opening in a region overlapping with a part of the semiconductor layer 182c, and covers a part of the protective layer 411 and the top surface of the semiconductor layer 182c, which is the bottom surface of the opening. , an electrode 183c is formed.
- the protective layer 411 has an opening in a region that does not overlap the semiconductor layer 182a and the light emitting layer 184a and overlaps with a part of the semiconductor layer 185a.
- An electrode 186a is formed to cover part of the layer 411 and the semiconductor layer 185a which is the bottom surface of the opening.
- the protective layer 411 has an opening in a region that does not overlap with the semiconductor layer 182b and the light-emitting layer 184b and overlaps with part of the semiconductor layer 185b.
- An electrode 186b is formed to cover the semiconductor layer 185b which is the bottom surface of the portion.
- the protective layer 411 has an opening in a region that does not overlap with the semiconductor layer 182c and the light-emitting layer 184c and overlaps with part of the semiconductor layer 185c.
- An electrode 186c is formed to cover the semiconductor layer 185c which is the bottom surface of the portion.
- the color conversion layer 190a has a function of converting blue light into red light
- the color conversion layer 190b has a function of converting blue light into green light
- the colored layer 167R is a colored layer that transmits light in the red wavelength range
- the colored layer 167G is a colored layer that transmits light in the green wavelength range.
- the blue light emitted from the light emitting diode 420G is converted into green light by the color conversion layer 190b, and the green light whose color purity is enhanced by the coloring layer 167G is emitted outside the display device 1001A. injected.
- one embodiment of the present invention can be a display device in which a substrate provided with transistors and a substrate provided with light-emitting diodes are bonded to each other by bumps or the like.
- various optical members can be arranged on the surfaces of the resin layer 148, the LED package 170R, the LED package 170G, and the LED package 170B of the display device 1000, respectively.
- optical members include polarizing plates, retardation plates, light diffusion layers (diffusion films, etc.), antireflection layers, light collecting films, and the like.
- an antistatic film that suppresses adhesion of dust and a repellent film that prevents adhesion of dirt are provided on each surface of the resin layer 148, the LED package 170R, the LED package 170G, and the LED package 170B of the display device 1000.
- a surface protective layer such as an aqueous film, a hard coat film that suppresses the occurrence of scratches due to use, or an impact absorbing layer may be disposed.
- a glass layer or a silica layer (SiO 2 x layer) as the surface protective layer, because surface contamination and scratching can be suppressed.
- the surface protective layer DLC (diamond-like carbon), aluminum oxide (AlO x ), polyester-based material, polycarbonate-based material, or the like may be used.
- a material having a high visible light transmittance is preferably used for the surface protective layer.
- the display device 1000 in FIG. 9 may be provided with a panel having a touch sensor function (sometimes called a touch panel).
- a display device 1000 ⁇ /b>A of FIG. 15 has a configuration in which a plurality of sensor sections 700 are provided on the resin layer 148 and the LED package 170 .
- the display device 1000A has, for example, a configuration in which an insulator 103, a conductor 104, an insulator 105, and a conductor 106 are sequentially formed on the resin layer 148 and the LED package 170. .
- the display device 1000A has a structure in which the insulator 105 and the conductor 106 are adhered to the substrate 110 via the adhesive layer 107 . That is, the sensor section 700 has the conductor 104 , the insulator 105 and the conductor 106 .
- a layer including a plurality of sensor units 700 is illustrated as a touch sensor layer TP.
- the insulator 103 preferably contains an inorganic insulating material.
- the insulator 103 includes oxides or nitrides such as silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum oxynitride, or hafnium oxide.
- the conductors 104 and 106 function as touch sensor electrodes.
- a mutual capacitance method is used as the touch sensor method, for example, a pulse potential is applied to one of the conductors 104 and 106, and an analog-to-digital (A-D) conversion circuit or a sense amplifier is applied to the other.
- a configuration in which a detection circuit or the like is connected may be employed.
- a capacitance is formed between the conductors 104 and 106 .
- the capacitance changes (specifically, the capacitance decreases). This change in capacitance appears as a change in amplitude of a signal generated in one of the conductors 104 and 106 when a pulse potential is applied to the other. Thereby, contact and proximity of a finger or the like can be detected.
- a material that can be applied to the conductor 316 or the conductor 317 can be used.
- the conductor 104 and conductors 106 are preferably provided in the area between adjacent LED packages 170 so as not to block visible light from LED packages 170 .
- regions where the conductor 104 and the conductor 106 are provided are not limited as described above.
- An inorganic insulating film or an organic insulating film can be used for the insulator 105 .
- resin such as acrylic resin or epoxy resin can be used for the insulator 105 .
- an inorganic insulating material such as silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, or aluminum oxide can be used. Note that the insulator 105 may have a single layer structure or a laminated structure.
- various curable adhesives such as a photocurable adhesive such as an ultraviolet curable adhesive, a reaction curable adhesive, a thermosetting adhesive, or an anaerobic adhesive can be used.
- These adhesives include epoxy resins, acrylic resins, silicone resins, phenol resins, polyimide resins, imide resins, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) resins, PVB (polyvinyl butyral) resins, EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) resins, and the like.
- a material with low moisture permeability such as epoxy resin is preferable.
- a two-liquid mixed type resin may be used.
- an adhesive sheet or the like may be used.
- the display device 1000A in FIG. 15 includes a mutual capacitance touch sensor; however, one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.
- a light receiving device (sometimes referred to as a photodiode or a photoelectric conversion element) that generates current by receiving light is used. good too.
- the light receiving device can receive light reflected from the finger and detect contact and proximity of the finger to the display section of the display device 1000A.
- the light receiving device may have a function of receiving visible light and generating current, or may have a function of receiving infrared light (sometimes called IR) and generating current.
- the display device 1000A may include a light-emitting device (including a light-emitting diode) that emits light (visible light or infrared light) for receiving light.
- the display device 1000A is of the top emission type. Light emitted from the LED package 170 is emitted to the substrate 110 side. Therefore, it is preferable to use a material having high visible light transmittance for the substrate 110 .
- a substrate having high visible light transmittance may be selected among substrates that can be applied to the substrate BS.
- the display device 1000 in FIG. 9 may include color layers (color filters).
- the display device 1000C of FIG. 16 includes the top surface of the protective layer 116, the top surface and side surfaces of the conductor 117, the top surface and side surfaces of the conductor 118, the top surface and side surfaces of the LED package 170R, and the top surface of the LED package 170G. , and the side surface and the upper surface of the LED package 170B are covered with the resin layer 149.
- the display device 1000C has, as an example, a configuration in which a colored layer 166R, a colored layer 166G, and a colored layer 166B are included between the resin layer 149 and the substrate 110.
- the colored layer 166R, the colored layer 166G, and the colored layer 166B may be formed on the substrate 110 side or may be formed on the resin layer 149 side, for example. Further, when LED package 170R emits red (R) light, LED package 170G emits green (G) light, and LED package 170B emits blue (B) light, colored layer 166R is colored red. It is preferable that the colored layer 166G is green and the colored layer 166B is blue.
- a display device with high luminance and longer life than OLED can be manufactured. can.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the structure of the display device 1000 illustrated in FIG.
- the structure of the display device of one embodiment of the present invention may be changed as appropriate, and the structures described in this specification and the like may be combined as appropriate as long as the problem is solved.
- the display device may have a layer structure in which three or more layers of transistors are stacked instead of a layer structure in which two layers of transistors are stacked.
- FIG. 17A and 17B show a configuration example of a pixel circuit that can be provided in the pixel layer PXAL and a light emitting diode 420 connected to the pixel circuit.
- FIG. 17A is a diagram showing connection of each circuit element included in the pixel circuit 500 provided in the pixel layer PXAL, and FIG. and a layer EML including a light-emitting diode 420.
- a transistor 200A, a transistor 200B, and a transistor 200C included in the layer OSL illustrated in FIG. 17B correspond to the transistor 200 in FIGS.
- a pixel circuit 500 shown as an example in FIGS. 17A and 17B includes a transistor 200A, a transistor 200B, a transistor 200C, and a capacitor 600.
- FIG. The transistor 200A, the transistor 200B, and the transistor 200C can be transistors that can be applied to the transistor 200 described above, for example. That is, the transistor 200A, the transistor 200B, and the transistor 200C can be OS transistors. In particular, when the transistor 200A, the transistor 200B, and the transistor 200C are OS transistors, each of the transistor 200A, the transistor 200B, and the transistor 200C preferably has a back gate electrode. 2, the same signal as that applied to the gate electrode can be applied to the back gate electrode.
- each of the transistor 200A, the transistor 200B, and the transistor 200C can have a structure in which different signals are applied to the back gate electrode and the gate electrode.
- 17A and 17B illustrate back gate electrodes in the transistors 200A, 200B, and 200C, the transistors 200A, 200B, and 200C may be configured without back gate electrodes. good.
- the transistor 200B has a first terminal electrically connected to the gate electrode of the transistor 200A, a gate electrode electrically connected to the wiring GL2, a second terminal electrically connected to the wiring VCOM, Prepare.
- a wiring VCOM is a wiring for applying a constant potential to the gate electrode of the transistor 200A.
- the constant potential can be, for example, a potential that turns off the transistor 200A.
- the transistor 200B includes a gate electrode having a function of controlling an on state or an off state based on the potential of the wiring GL2 functioning as a gate line.
- Transistor 200A is electrically connected to a gate electrode electrically connected to a first terminal of transistor 200B, a first terminal electrically connected to a cathode electrode of light emitting diode 420, and wiring CAT. and a second terminal. Further, the transistor 200A includes a gate electrode which has a function of controlling an on state or an off state based on the potential of the wiring GL1 functioning as a gate line.
- the wiring CAT functions as a wiring that outputs current flowing from the light emitting diode 420 via the transistor 200A.
- the transistor 200C has a first terminal electrically connected to a wiring SL functioning as a source wiring, a second terminal electrically connected to the gate electrode of the transistor 200A and the first terminal of the transistor 200B, and a gate electrode electrically connected to the wiring GL1. Further, the transistor 200A has a function of controlling an on state or an off state based on the potential of the wiring GL1 functioning as a gate line.
- the capacitor 600 includes a conductive film electrically connected to the gate electrode of the transistor 200A and a conductive film electrically connected to the second terminal of the transistor 200A.
- the light emitting diode 420 includes a cathode electrode electrically connected to the first terminal of the transistor 200A and an anode electrode electrically connected to the wiring ANO.
- the wiring ANO is wiring for applying a potential for supplying current to the light emitting diode 420 .
- the intensity of light emitted by the light emitting diode 420 can be controlled according to the image signal applied to the gate electrode of the transistor 200A.
- the pixel circuits in FIGS. 17A and 17B are circuits driven by PAM (Pulse Amplitude Modulation) control, but one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.
- the pixel circuit including the light-emitting diode in the display device of one embodiment of the present invention may be driven by PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control.
- the pixel circuits in FIGS. 17A and 17B can output a current value that can be used for setting pixel parameters from the wiring CAT, for example.
- the wiring CAT may function as a monitor line for outputting the current flowing through the transistor 200A or the current flowing through the light emitting diode 420 to the outside.
- the current output to the wiring CAT can be converted into a voltage by a source follower circuit or the like and output to the outside.
- the voltage output to the wiring CAT can be converted into a digital signal by an AD converter or the like and output to the AI accelerator included in the external control circuit PRPH described in the above embodiment, for example. .
- the wiring that electrically connects the pixel circuit 500 and the driving circuit 30 can be shortened, so that the wiring resistance of the wiring can be reduced. Therefore, data can be written at high speed, so that the display device 1000 (display device 1001) can be driven at high speed. Accordingly, a sufficient frame period can be ensured even if the number of pixel circuits 500 included in the display device 1000 (display device 1001) is increased, so that the pixel density of the display device 1000 (display device 1001) can be increased. Further, by increasing the pixel density of the display device 1000 (display device 1001), the definition of an image displayed by the display device 1000 (display device 1001) can be increased.
- the pixel density of the display device 1000 can be 500 ppi or more, preferably 1000 ppi or more. Therefore, the display device 1000 can be a display device for AR or VR, for example, and can be suitably applied to an electronic device such as an HMD (head-mounted display) in which the distance between the display unit and the user is short.
- an HMD head-mounted display
- the arrangement of sub-pixels includes, for example, a stripe arrangement, an S-stripe arrangement, a matrix arrangement, a delta arrangement, a Bayer arrangement, and a pentile arrangement.
- top surface shapes of sub-pixels include triangles, quadrilaterals (including rectangles and squares), polygons such as pentagons, shapes with rounded corners of these polygons, ellipses, and circles.
- the top surface shape of the sub-pixel corresponds to the top surface shape of the light emitting region of the light emitting diode.
- Each of the sub-pixels 80a, 80b, and 80c described below has a light-emitting diode.
- the light-emitting diode for example, has a pixel electrode, an n-type semiconductor layer, a p-type semiconductor layer, a light-emitting layer, and a common electrode.
- the description of the diode 420G and the light emitting diode 420B is taken into consideration.
- a stripe arrangement is applied to the pixels 80 shown in FIG. 18A.
- a pixel 80 shown in FIG. 18A is composed of three sub-pixels, a sub-pixel 80a, a sub-pixel 80b, and a sub-pixel 80c.
- the sub-pixel 80a may be the red sub-pixel R
- the sub-pixel 80b may be the green sub-pixel G
- the sub-pixel 80c may be the blue sub-pixel B.
- a pixel 80 shown in FIG. 18B is composed of three sub-pixels, a sub-pixel 80a, a sub-pixel 80b, and a sub-pixel 80c.
- the sub-pixel 80a may be the blue sub-pixel B
- the sub-pixel 80b may be the red sub-pixel R
- the sub-pixel 80c may be the green sub-pixel G.
- FIG. 18C is an example in which sub-pixels of each color are arranged in a zigzag pattern. Specifically, in plan view, the positions of the upper sides of two sub-pixels (for example, sub-pixel 80a and sub-pixel 80b or sub-pixel 80b and sub-pixel 80c) aligned in the column direction are shifted.
- the sub-pixel 80a may be the red sub-pixel R
- the sub-pixel 80b may be the green sub-pixel G
- the sub-pixel 80c may be the blue sub-pixel B.
- a pixel 80 shown in FIG. 18D includes a subpixel 80a having a substantially trapezoidal top shape with rounded corners, a subpixel 80b having a substantially triangular top surface shape with rounded corners, and a substantially quadrangular or substantially hexagonal top surface shape with rounded corners. and a sub-pixel 80c having Also, the sub-pixel 80a has a larger light emitting area than the sub-pixel 80b.
- the shape and size of each sub-pixel can be determined independently.
- the sub-pixel 80a may be the green sub-pixel G
- the sub-pixel 80b may be the red sub-pixel R
- the sub-pixel 80c may be the blue sub-pixel B.
- FIG. 18E shows an example in which pixels 70A having sub-pixels 80a and 80b and pixels 70B having sub-pixels 80b and 80c are alternately arranged.
- the sub-pixel 80a may be the red sub-pixel R
- the sub-pixel 80b may be the green sub-pixel G
- the sub-pixel 80c may be the blue sub-pixel B.
- a delta arrangement is applied to the pixels 70A and 70B shown in FIGS. 18F and 18G.
- the pixel 70A has two sub-pixels (sub-pixel 80a and sub-pixel 80b) in the upper row (first row) and one sub-pixel (sub-pixel 80c) in the lower row (second row). have.
- Pixel 70B has one sub-pixel (sub-pixel 80c) in the upper row (first row) and two sub-pixels (sub-pixel 80a and sub-pixel 80b) in the lower row (second row). have.
- the sub-pixel 80a may be the red sub-pixel R
- the sub-pixel 80b may be the green sub-pixel G
- the sub-pixel 80c may be the blue sub-pixel B.
- FIG. 18F is an example in which each sub-pixel has a substantially square top surface shape with rounded corners
- FIG. 18G is an example in which each sub-pixel has a circular top surface shape.
- a stripe arrangement is applied to the pixels 80 shown in FIGS. 20A to 20C.
- FIG. 20A is an example in which each sub-pixel has a rectangular top surface shape
- FIG. 20B is an example in which each sub-pixel has a top surface shape connecting two semicircles and a rectangle
- FIG. This is an example where the sub-pixel has an elliptical top surface shape.
- a matrix arrangement is applied to the pixels 80 shown in FIGS. 20D to 20F.
- FIG. 20D is an example in which each sub-pixel has a square top surface shape
- FIG. 20E is an example in which each sub-pixel has a substantially square top surface shape with rounded corners
- FIG. which have a circular top shape.
- a pixel 80 shown in FIGS. 20A to 20F is composed of four sub-pixels: a sub-pixel 80a, a sub-pixel 80b, a sub-pixel 80c, and a sub-pixel 80d.
- the sub-pixel 80a, the sub-pixel 80b, the sub-pixel 80c, and the sub-pixel 80d emit light of different colors.
- subpixel 80a, subpixel 80b, subpixel 80c, and subpixel 80d can be red, green, blue, and white subpixels, respectively.
- sub-pixel 80a, sub-pixel 80b, sub-pixel 80c, and sub-pixel 80d are red (R), green (G), and blue (B), respectively.
- white (W) sub-pixels are red, green (G), and blue (B), respectively.
- subpixel 80a, subpixel 80b, subpixel 80c, and subpixel 80d can be red, green, blue, and infrared emitting subpixels, respectively.
- the description of the sub-pixel 80a, the sub-pixel 80b, and the sub-pixel 80c is taken into consideration as an example.
- FIG. 20G shows an example in which one pixel 80 is composed of 2 rows and 3 columns.
- the pixel 80 has three sub-pixels (sub-pixel 80a, sub-pixel 80b, and sub-pixel 80c) in the upper row (first row) and three sub-pixels in the lower row (second row). 80d.
- the pixel 80 has sub-pixels 80a and 80d in the left column (first column), sub-pixels 80b and 80d in the center column (second column), and sub-pixels 80b and 80d in the middle column (second column).
- a column (third column) has a sub-pixel 80c and a sub-pixel 80d.
- FIG. 20H shows an example in which one pixel 80 is composed of 2 rows and 3 columns.
- the pixel 80 has three sub-pixels (sub-pixel 80a, sub-pixel 80b, and sub-pixel 80c) in the upper row (first row) and one sub-pixel in the lower row (second row). (sub-pixel 80d).
- pixel 80 has sub-pixel 80a in the left column (first column), sub-pixel 80b in the middle column (second column), and sub-pixel 80b in the right column (third column). It has pixels 80c and sub-pixels 80d over these three columns.
- the pixel 80 shown in FIGS. 20G and 20H for example, as shown in FIGS. can be the blue sub-pixel B, and the sub-pixel 80d can be the white sub-pixel W.
- a pixel 80 shown in FIG. 22A shows an example in which each sub-pixel has a rectangular top surface shape and is arranged such that the long sides of each sub-pixel are adjacent to each other.
- the sub-pixels may be arranged so as to be in contact with each other, or may be arranged so as not to be in contact with each other.
- a pixel 80 shown in FIG. 22A is composed of three sub-pixels, a sub-pixel 80a, a sub-pixel 80b, and a sub-pixel 80c.
- sub-pixel 80a, sub-pixel 80b, and sub-pixel 80c each emit a different color.
- the different colors here can be red (R), green (G), and blue (B).
- sub-pixel 80a, sub-pixel 80b, and sub-pixel 80c can be red (R), green (G), and blue (B) sub-pixels, respectively.
- the colors of light emitted by the sub-pixels 80a, 80b, and 80c are cyan (C), cyan (C), and red (R), green (G), and blue (B). It can be magenta (M), yellow (Y), and white (W).
- the pixel 80 shown in FIG. 22A may have one sub-pixel, two sub-pixels, or four or more sub-pixels.
- pixel 80 is composed of four sub-pixels: sub-pixel 80a, sub-pixel 80b, sub-pixel 80c, and sub-pixel 80d.
- Pixel 80 in FIG. 22C can be configured such that sub-pixel 80a, sub-pixel 80b, and sub-pixel 80c each emit a different color, similar to pixel 80 in FIG. 22A.
- the different colors here can be red (R), green (G), blue (B), and white (W). Therefore, as shown in FIG. 22D, the sub-pixel 80a, sub-pixel 80b, sub-pixel 80c, and sub-pixel 80d are red (R), green (G), blue (B), and white (W) pixels, respectively. It can be a sub-pixel.
- the colors of light emitted from the sub-pixel 80a, the sub-pixel 80b, the sub-pixel 80c, and the sub-pixel 80d are red (R), green (G), blue (B), and white (W). ), it can be cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y).
- pixels 80 in FIGS. 22A and 22C show an example in which the long sides of the sub-pixels are arranged adjacent to each other, but the pixels 80 are arranged such that the short sides of the sub-pixels are adjacent to each other. may have been
- FIG. 22E shows an example in which each pixel has a square top surface shape and an electrode is formed.
- a pixel 80 shown in FIG. 22E is composed of three sub-pixels, a sub-pixel 80a, a sub-pixel 80b, and a sub-pixel 80c, and a conductor 81 functioning as an electrode.
- sub-pixel 80a, sub-pixel 80b, and sub-pixel 80c each emit a different color.
- the different colors here can be red (R), green (G), and blue (B).
- sub-pixel 80a, sub-pixel 80b, and sub-pixel 80c can be red (R), green (G), and blue (B) sub-pixels, respectively.
- the colors of light emitted by the sub-pixels 80a, 80b, and 80c are cyan (C), cyan (C), and red (R), green (G), and blue (B). It can be magenta (M), yellow (Y), and white (W).
- the conductor 81 functions as a common electrode for light-emitting diodes provided in the sub-pixel 80a, the sub-pixel 80b, and the sub-pixel 80c, for example.
- the common electrode preferably functions as the cathode electrode of the light-emitting diodes included in each of the sub-pixels 80a, 80b, and 80c.
- the conductor 81 corresponds to, for example, the electrode 172 or electrode 173 in the LED package 170 of FIG. 11A. Therefore, a material that can be applied to the conductor 81 can be a material that can be applied to the electrode 172 or the electrode 173, for example.
- the conductor 81 may be provided so that each of the sub-pixel 80a, the sub-pixel 80b, and the sub-pixel 80c is positioned above the conductor 81, as shown in FIG. 22G. That is, sub-pixels 80 a , 80 b , and 80 c are provided on the conductor 81 .
- the conductor 81 of the pixel 80 in FIG. 22G corresponds to the electrode 172 in the LED package 170A1 in FIG. 11B.
- the pixel 80 in FIG. 22G does not show a conductor corresponding to the electrode 173 in the LED package 170A1 in FIG. 11B, but the pixel 80 in FIG. 22G has a conductor corresponding to the electrode 173.
- the pixel 80 shown in FIGS. 22E and 22G may have two or more electrodes.
- the number of electrodes of pixel 80 may be determined according to the number of sub-pixels.
- the number of electrodes provided in the pixel 80 can be six.
- the number of electrodes provided in the pixel 80 can be four. can.
- the conductor 81 has a square top surface shape.
- Various shapes such as a shape connecting a semicircle and a rectangle, a circle, or an ellipse may be used.
- insulators, conductors, semiconductors, and the like disclosed in this specification can be formed by a PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) method or a CVD method.
- PVD methods include, for example, a sputtering method, a resistance heating vapor deposition method, an electron beam vapor deposition method, and a PLD (Pulsed Laser Deposition) method.
- the CVD method includes a plasma CVD method, a thermal CVD method, and the like.
- the thermal CVD method includes, for example, the MOCVD (Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition) method or the ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) method.
- the thermal CVD method does not use plasma, so it has the advantage of not generating defects due to plasma damage.
- a source gas and an oxidizing agent are sent into a chamber at the same time, the inside of the chamber is made to be under atmospheric pressure or reduced pressure, and a film is formed by reacting near or on the substrate and depositing it on the substrate. .
- the inside of the chamber may be under atmospheric pressure or reduced pressure
- raw material gases for reaction are sequentially introduced into the chamber
- film formation may be performed by repeating the order of gas introduction.
- switching the switching valves also called high-speed valves
- two or more source gases are sequentially supplied to the chamber, and the first source gas is supplied simultaneously with or after the first source gas so as not to mix the two or more source gases.
- An active gas for example, argon or nitrogen
- the inert gas serves as a carrier gas, and the inert gas may be introduced at the same time as the introduction of the second raw material gas.
- the second source gas may be introduced after the first source gas is exhausted by evacuation.
- the first source gas adsorbs on the surface of the substrate to form a first thin layer, which reacts with the second source gas introduced later to form a second thin layer on the first thin layer. is laminated to form a thin film.
- a thin film with excellent step coverage can be formed by repeating this gas introduction sequence several times until a desired thickness is obtained. Since the thickness of the thin film can be adjusted by the number of times the gas introduction order is repeated, precise film thickness adjustment is possible, and this method is suitable for fabricating fine FETs.
- Thermal CVD methods such as MOCVD or ALD can form various films such as metal films, semiconductor films, or inorganic insulating films disclosed in the embodiments described above.
- a Zn-O film trimethylindium (In( CH3 ) 3 ), trimethylgallium (Ga( CH3 ) 3 ), and dimethylzinc (Zn( CH3 ) 2 ) are used.
- triethylgallium (Ga(C 2 H 5 ) 3 ) can be used instead of trimethylgallium
- diethylzinc (Zn(C 2 H 5 ) 2 ) can be used instead of dimethylzinc. can also be used.
- a liquid containing a solvent and a hafnium precursor compound for example, hafnium alkoxide or tetrakisdimethylamide hafnium (TDMAH, Hf[N( CH3) ) 2 ] 4 ) and other hafnium amides
- hafnium precursor compound for example, hafnium alkoxide or tetrakisdimethylamide hafnium (TDMAH, Hf[N( CH3) ) 2 ] 4
- ozone O 3
- Other materials include tetrakis(ethylmethylamido)hafnium.
- a liquid containing a solvent and an aluminum precursor compound for example, trimethylaluminum (TMA, Al(CH 3 ) 3 )
- TMA trimethylaluminum
- H 2 O oxidizing agent
- Other materials also include tris(dimethylamido)aluminum, triisobutylaluminum, or aluminum tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate).
- hexachlorodisilane is adsorbed on the film formation surface to generate radicals of an oxidizing gas (for example, O 2 or dinitrogen monoxide). feed to react with the adsorbate.
- an oxidizing gas for example, O 2 or dinitrogen monoxide
- WF 6 gas and B 2 H 6 gas are sequentially and repeatedly introduced to form an initial tungsten film, and then WF 6 gas and H The two gases are sequentially and repeatedly introduced to form a tungsten film.
- SiH4 gas may be used instead of B2H6 gas .
- a precursor generally, for example, a precursor or a metal precursor
- an oxidizing agent generally referred to, for example, as a reactant, a reactant, or a non-metallic precursor
- a precursor In(CH 3 ) 3 gas and an oxidizing agent O 3 gas are introduced to form an In—O layer, and then a precursor Ga(CH 3 ) 3 gas and An oxidant O 3 gas is introduced to form a GaO layer, and then a precursor Zn(CH 3 ) 2 gas and an oxidant O 3 gas are introduced to form a ZnO layer.
- a mixed oxide layer such as an In--Ga--O layer, an In--Zn--O layer, or a Ga--Zn--O layer may be formed using these gases.
- H 2 O gas obtained by bubbling water with an inert gas such as Ar may be used instead of O 3 gas, it is preferable to use O 3 gas that does not contain H.
- In(C 2 H 5 ) 3 gas may be used instead of In(CH 3 ) 3 gas.
- Ga(C 2 H 5 ) 3 gas may be used instead of Ga(CH 3 ) 3 gas.
- Zn(C 2 H 5 ) 2 gas may be used instead of Zn(CH 3 ) 2 gas.
- the display unit can support various screen ratios such as 1:1 (square), 4:3, 16:9, 16:10, 21:9, or 32:9.
- the display section can have various shapes such as rectangular, polygonal (for example, octagonal), circular, or elliptical.
- a metal oxide used for an OS transistor preferably contains at least indium or zinc, and more preferably contains indium and zinc.
- metal oxides include indium and M (where M is gallium, aluminum, yttrium, tin, silicon, boron, copper, vanadium, beryllium, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium). , hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, magnesium, and cobalt) and zinc.
- M is preferably one or more selected from gallium, aluminum, yttrium and tin, more preferably gallium.
- a metal oxide can be formed by a sputtering method, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method such as a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method, or an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- MOCVD metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
- ALD atomic layer deposition
- oxides containing indium (In), gallium (Ga), and zinc (Zn) will be described as examples of metal oxides. Note that an oxide containing indium (In), gallium (Ga), and zinc (Zn) is sometimes called an In--Ga--Zn oxide.
- Crystal structures of oxide semiconductors include amorphous (including completely amorphous), CAAC (c-axis-aligned crystalline), nc (nanocrystalline), CAC (cloud-aligned composite), single crystal, and polycrystal. (poly crystal) and the like.
- the crystal structure of the film or substrate can be evaluated using an X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum.
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- it can be evaluated using an XRD spectrum obtained by GIXD (Grazing-Incidence XRD) measurement.
- the GIXD method is also called a thin film method or a Seemann-Bohlin method.
- the XRD spectrum obtained by the GIXD measurement may be simply referred to as the XRD spectrum.
- the shape of the peak of the XRD spectrum is almost bilaterally symmetrical.
- the shape of the peak of the XRD spectrum is left-right asymmetric.
- the asymmetric shape of the peaks in the XRD spectra demonstrates the presence of crystals in the film or substrate. In other words, the film or substrate cannot be said to be in an amorphous state unless the shape of the peaks in the XRD spectrum is symmetrical.
- the crystal structure of the film or substrate can be evaluated by a diffraction pattern (also referred to as a nano beam electron diffraction pattern) observed by nano beam electron diffraction (NBED).
- a diffraction pattern also referred to as a nano beam electron diffraction pattern
- NBED nano beam electron diffraction
- a halo is observed in the diffraction pattern of a quartz glass substrate, and it can be confirmed that the quartz glass is in an amorphous state.
- a spot-like pattern is observed instead of a halo. For this reason, it is presumed that it cannot be concluded that the In-Ga-Zn oxide deposited at room temperature is in an intermediate state, neither single crystal nor polycrystal, nor amorphous state, and is in an amorphous state. be done.
- oxide semiconductors may be classified differently from the above when their structures are focused. For example, oxide semiconductors are classified into single-crystal oxide semiconductors and non-single-crystal oxide semiconductors. Examples of non-single-crystal oxide semiconductors include the above CAAC-OS and nc-OS. Non-single-crystal oxide semiconductors include polycrystalline oxide semiconductors, amorphous-like oxide semiconductors (a-like OS), amorphous oxide semiconductors, and the like.
- CAAC-OS is an oxide semiconductor that includes a plurality of crystal regions, and the c-axes of the plurality of crystal regions are oriented in a specific direction. Note that the specific direction is the thickness direction of the CAAC-OS film, the normal direction to the formation surface of the CAAC-OS film, or the normal direction to the surface of the CAAC-OS film.
- a crystalline region is a region having periodicity in atomic arrangement. If the atomic arrangement is regarded as a lattice arrangement, the crystalline region is also a region with a uniform lattice arrangement.
- CAAC-OS has a region where a plurality of crystal regions are connected in the a-b plane direction, and the region may have strain.
- the strain refers to a portion where the orientation of the lattice arrangement changes between a region with a uniform lattice arrangement and another region with a uniform lattice arrangement in a region where a plurality of crystal regions are connected. That is, CAAC-OS is an oxide semiconductor that is c-axis oriented and has no obvious orientation in the ab plane direction.
- each of the plurality of crystal regions is composed of one or more minute crystals (crystals having a maximum diameter of less than 10 nm).
- the maximum diameter of the crystalline region is less than 10 nm.
- the maximum diameter of the crystal region may be about several tens of nanometers.
- the CAAC-OS includes a layer containing indium (In) and oxygen (hereinafter referred to as an In layer) and a layer containing gallium (Ga), zinc (Zn) and oxygen (
- an In layer a layer containing indium (In) and oxygen
- Ga gallium
- Zn zinc
- oxygen it tends to have a layered crystal structure (also referred to as a layered structure) in which (Ga, Zn) layers are laminated.
- the (Ga, Zn) layer may contain indium.
- the In layer may contain gallium.
- the In layer may contain zinc.
- the layered structure is observed as a lattice image in, for example, a high-resolution TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope) image.
- a plurality of bright points are observed in the electron beam diffraction pattern of the CAAC-OS film.
- a certain spot and another spot are observed at point-symmetrical positions with respect to the spot of the incident electron beam that has passed through the sample (also referred to as a direct spot) as the center of symmetry.
- the lattice arrangement in the crystal region is basically a hexagonal lattice, but the unit cell is not always a regular hexagon and may be a non-regular hexagon. Moreover, the distortion may have a lattice arrangement of pentagons, heptagons, or the like. Note that in CAAC-OS, no clear crystal grain boundary can be observed even near the strain. That is, it can be seen that the distortion of the lattice arrangement suppresses the formation of grain boundaries. This is because the CAAC-OS can tolerate strain due to the fact that the arrangement of oxygen atoms is not dense in the ab plane direction, the bond distance between atoms changes due to the substitution of metal atoms, and the like. It is considered to be for
- a crystal structure in which clear grain boundaries are confirmed is called a polycrystal.
- a grain boundary becomes a recombination center, and there is a high possibility that carriers are trapped and cause a decrease in the on-state current of a transistor, a decrease in field-effect mobility, and the like. Therefore, a CAAC-OS in which no clear grain boundaries are observed is one of crystalline oxides having a crystal structure suitable for a semiconductor layer of a transistor.
- a structure containing Zn is preferable for forming a CAAC-OS.
- In--Zn oxide and In--Ga--Zn oxide are preferable because they can suppress the generation of grain boundaries more than In oxide.
- CAAC-OS is an oxide semiconductor with high crystallinity and no clear crystal grain boundaries. Therefore, it can be said that the decrease in electron mobility due to grain boundaries is less likely to occur in CAAC-OS.
- a CAAC-OS can be said to be an oxide semiconductor with few impurities and defects (such as oxygen vacancies). Therefore, an oxide semiconductor including CAAC-OS has stable physical properties. Therefore, an oxide semiconductor including CAAC-OS is resistant to heat and has high reliability.
- CAAC-OS is also stable against high temperatures (so-called thermal budget) in the manufacturing process. Therefore, the use of the CAAC-OS for the OS transistor can increase the degree of freedom in the manufacturing process.
- nc-OS has periodic atomic arrangement in a minute region (eg, a region of 1 nm to 10 nm, particularly a region of 1 nm to 3 nm).
- the nc-OS has minute crystals.
- the size of the minute crystal is, for example, 1 nm or more and 10 nm or less, particularly 1 nm or more and 3 nm or less, the minute crystal is also called a nanocrystal.
- nc-OS does not show regularity in crystal orientation between different nanocrystals. Therefore, no orientation is observed in the entire film.
- an nc-OS may be indistinguishable from an a-like OS and an amorphous oxide semiconductor depending on the analysis method.
- an nc-OS film is subjected to structural analysis using an XRD apparatus, out-of-plane XRD measurement using ⁇ /2 ⁇ scanning does not detect a peak indicating crystallinity.
- an nc-OS film is subjected to electron beam diffraction (also referred to as selected area electron beam diffraction) using an electron beam with a probe diameter larger than that of nanocrystals (for example, 50 nm or more), a diffraction pattern such as a halo pattern is obtained. is observed.
- an nc-OS film is subjected to electron diffraction (also referred to as nanobeam electron diffraction) using an electron beam with a probe diameter close to or smaller than the size of a nanocrystal (for example, 1 nm or more and 30 nm or less)
- an electron beam diffraction pattern is obtained in which a plurality of spots are observed within a ring-shaped area centered on the direct spot.
- An a-like OS is an oxide semiconductor having a structure between an nc-OS and an amorphous oxide semiconductor.
- An a-like OS has void or low density regions. That is, a-like OS has lower crystallinity than nc-OS and CAAC-OS. In addition, the a-like OS has a higher hydrogen concentration in the film than the nc-OS and the CAAC-OS.
- CAC-OS relates to material composition.
- CAC-OS is, for example, one structure of a material in which elements constituting a metal oxide are unevenly distributed with a size of 0.5 nm or more and 10 nm or less, preferably 1 nm or more and 3 nm or less, or in the vicinity thereof.
- the metal oxide one or more metal elements are unevenly distributed, and the region having the metal element has a size of 0.5 nm or more and 10 nm or less, preferably 1 nm or more and 3 nm or less, or a size in the vicinity thereof.
- the mixed state is also called mosaic or patch.
- CAC-OS is a structure in which the material is separated into a first region and a second region to form a mosaic shape, and the first region is distributed in the film (hereinafter, also referred to as a cloud shape). ). That is, CAC-OS is a composite metal oxide in which the first region and the second region are mixed.
- the atomic ratios of In, Ga, and Zn to the metal elements constituting the CAC-OS in the In--Ga--Zn oxide are denoted by [In], [Ga], and [Zn], respectively.
- the first region is a region where [In] is larger than [In] in the composition of the CAC-OS film.
- the second region is a region where [Ga] is greater than [Ga] in the composition of the CAC-OS film.
- the first region is a region in which [In] is larger than [In] in the second region and [Ga] is smaller than [Ga] in the second region.
- the second region is a region in which [Ga] is larger than [Ga] in the first region and [In] is smaller than [In] in the first region.
- the first region is a region whose main component is indium oxide, indium zinc oxide, or the like.
- the second region is a region containing gallium oxide, gallium zinc oxide, or the like as a main component. That is, the first region can be rephrased as a region containing In as a main component. Also, the second region can be rephrased as a region containing Ga as a main component.
- a clear boundary between the first region and the second region may not be observed.
- the CAC-OS in the In—Ga—Zn oxide means a region containing Ga as a main component and a region containing In as a main component in a material structure containing In, Ga, Zn, and O. Each region is a mosaic, and refers to a configuration in which these regions exist randomly. Therefore, CAC-OS is presumed to have a structure in which metal elements are unevenly distributed.
- the CAC-OS can be formed, for example, by sputtering under the condition that the substrate is not heated.
- an inert gas typically argon
- an oxygen gas typically a nitrogen gas
- a nitrogen gas may be used as a deposition gas.
- the flow rate ratio of the oxygen gas to the total flow rate of the film forming gas during film formation is preferably as low as possible.
- the flow ratio of the oxygen gas to the total flow rate of the film forming gas during film formation is 0% or more and less than 30%, preferably 0% or more and 10% or less.
- an EDX mapping obtained using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy shows that a region containing In as a main component It can be confirmed that the (first region) and the region (second region) containing Ga as the main component are unevenly distributed and have a mixed structure.
- the first region is a region with higher conductivity than the second region. That is, when carriers flow through the first region, conductivity as a metal oxide is developed. Therefore, by distributing the first region in the form of a cloud in the metal oxide, a high field effect mobility ( ⁇ ) can be realized.
- the second region is a region with higher insulation than the first region.
- the leakage current can be suppressed by distributing the second region in the metal oxide.
- CAC-OS when used for a transistor, the conductivity caused by the first region and the insulation caused by the second region act complementarily to provide a switching function (on/off). functions) can be given to the CAC-OS.
- a part of the material has a conductive function
- a part of the material has an insulating function
- the whole material has a semiconductor function.
- CAC-OS is most suitable for various semiconductor devices including display devices.
- Oxide semiconductors have a variety of structures, each with different characteristics.
- An oxide semiconductor of one embodiment of the present invention includes two or more of an amorphous oxide semiconductor, a polycrystalline oxide semiconductor, an a-like OS, a CAC-OS, an nc-OS, and a CAAC-OS. may
- an oxide also referred to as "IGZO" containing indium (In), gallium (Ga), and zinc (Zn)
- IGZO oxide containing indium (In), gallium (Ga), and zinc (Zn)
- IAZO oxide containing indium (In), aluminum (Al), and zinc (Zn)
- IAGZO oxide containing indium (In), aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), and zinc (Zn)
- an oxide semiconductor with low carrier concentration is preferably used for a transistor.
- the carrier concentration of the oxide semiconductor is 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or less, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 13 cm ⁇ 3 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 11 cm ⁇ 3 or less . 3 or less, more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 10 cm ⁇ 3 and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 cm ⁇ 3 or more.
- the impurity concentration in the oxide semiconductor film may be lowered to lower the defect level density.
- a low impurity concentration and a low defect level density are referred to as high-purity intrinsic or substantially high-purity intrinsic.
- an oxide semiconductor with a low carrier concentration is sometimes referred to as a highly purified intrinsic or substantially highly purified intrinsic oxide semiconductor.
- a high-purity intrinsic or substantially high-purity intrinsic oxide semiconductor film has a low defect level density, so the trap level density may also be low.
- the charge trapped in the trap level of the oxide semiconductor takes a long time to disappear and may behave as if it were a fixed charge. Therefore, a transistor whose channel formation region is formed in an oxide semiconductor with a high trap level density might have unstable electrical characteristics.
- Impurities include hydrogen, nitrogen, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, iron, nickel, silicon, and the like.
- the impurities in the oxide semiconductor refer to, for example, substances other than the main components of the oxide semiconductor. For example, an element whose concentration is less than 0.1 atomic percent can be said to be an impurity.
- the concentration of silicon or carbon in the oxide semiconductor is 2 ⁇ 10 atoms/cm or less, preferably 2 ⁇ 10 17 atoms/cm 3 or less.
- the concentration of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal in the oxide semiconductor obtained by SIMS is set to 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms/cm 3 or less, preferably 2 ⁇ 10 16 atoms/cm 3 or less.
- the nitrogen concentration in the oxide semiconductor obtained by SIMS is less than 5 ⁇ 10 19 atoms/cm 3 , preferably 5 ⁇ 10 18 atoms/cm 3 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms/cm 3 or less. , more preferably 5 ⁇ 10 17 atoms/cm 3 or less.
- Hydrogen contained in an oxide semiconductor reacts with oxygen that bonds to a metal atom to form water, which may cause oxygen vacancies. When hydrogen enters the oxygen vacancies, electrons, which are carriers, may be generated. In addition, part of hydrogen may bond with oxygen that bonds with a metal atom to generate an electron, which is a carrier. Therefore, a transistor including an oxide semiconductor containing hydrogen is likely to have normally-on characteristics. Therefore, hydrogen in the oxide semiconductor is preferably reduced as much as possible. Specifically, the hydrogen concentration in the oxide semiconductor obtained by SIMS is less than 1 ⁇ 10 20 atoms/cm 3 , preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 19 atoms/cm 3 , more preferably 5 ⁇ 10 18 atoms/cm. Less than 3 , more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms/cm 3 .
- ⁇ Display module configuration example> First, a display module including a display device that can be applied to an electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention is described.
- FIG. 23A A perspective view of the display module 1280 is shown in FIG. 23A.
- the display module 1280 has, as an example, a display device 1000 and an FPC 1290 .
- the display module 1280 instead of the display device 1000, for example, the display device 1001 shown in FIG. 13 may be applied.
- the display module 1280 has substrates 1291 and 1292 .
- the display module 1280 has a display section 1281 .
- the display portion 1281 is a region for displaying an image in the display module 1280, and is a region where light from each pixel provided in the pixel portion 1284 described later can be visually recognized.
- FIG. 23B shows a perspective view schematically showing the configuration on the substrate 1291 side.
- a circuit portion 1282 , a pixel circuit portion 1283 on the circuit portion 1282 , and a pixel portion 1284 on the pixel circuit portion 1283 are stacked over the substrate 1291 .
- a terminal portion 1285 for connecting to the FPC 1290 is provided on a portion of the substrate 1291 that does not overlap with the pixel portion 1284 .
- the terminal portion 1285 and the circuit portion 1282 are electrically connected by a wiring portion 1286 composed of a plurality of wirings.
- the pixel section 1284 and the pixel circuit section 1283 correspond to, for example, the pixel layer PXAL described above.
- the circuit section 1282 corresponds to, for example, the circuit layer SICL described above.
- the pixel unit 1284 has a plurality of periodically arranged pixels 1284a. An enlarged view of one pixel 1284a is shown on the right side of FIG. 23B.
- the pixel 1284a has a light emitting diode 1430a, a light emitting diode 1430b, and a light emitting diode 1430c that emit light of different colors.
- the light emitting diode 1430a, the light emitting diode 1430b, and the light emitting diode 1430c correspond to, for example, the light emitting diodes included in the above-described LED package, or the light emitting diodes 420R, 420G, and 420B.
- the plurality of light emitting diodes described above may be arranged in a stripe arrangement as shown in FIG. 23B. Also, various alignment methods such as delta alignment or pentile alignment can be applied.
- the pixel circuit section 1283 has a plurality of pixel circuits 1283a arranged periodically.
- One pixel circuit 1283a is a circuit that controls light emission of three light-emitting diodes included in one pixel 1284a.
- One pixel circuit 1283a may have a structure in which three circuits for controlling light emission of one light emitting diode are provided.
- the pixel circuit 1283a can have at least one selection transistor, one current control transistor (drive transistor), and a capacitor for each light emitting diode. At this time, a gate signal is input to the gate of the selection transistor, and a source signal is input to either the source or the drain of the selection transistor. This realizes an active matrix display device.
- the circuit section 1282 has a circuit that drives each pixel circuit 1283 a of the pixel circuit section 1283 .
- a circuit that drives each pixel circuit 1283 a of the pixel circuit section 1283 For example, it is preferable to have one or both of a gate line driver circuit and a source line driver circuit.
- at least one of an arithmetic circuit, a memory circuit, a power supply circuit, and the like may be provided.
- the FPC 1290 functions as wiring for supplying a video signal, power supply potential, or the like to the circuit section 1282 from the outside. Also, an IC may be mounted on the FPC 1290 .
- the display module 1280 can have a structure in which one or both of the pixel circuit portion 1283 and the circuit portion 1282 are stacked under the pixel portion 1284, the aperture ratio (effective display area ratio) of the display portion 1281 can be significantly increased. can be higher.
- 24A and 24B show the appearance of an electronic device 8300 that is a head-mounted display.
- the electronic device 8300 has a housing 8301, a display section 8302, operation buttons 8303, and a band-shaped fixture 8304.
- the operation button 8303 has functions such as a power button. Further, electronic device 8300 may have buttons in addition to operation buttons 8303 .
- a lens 8305 may be provided between the display unit 8302 and the position of the user's eyes. Since the lens 8305 allows the user to magnify the display portion 8302, the sense of presence is enhanced. At this time, as shown in FIG. 24C, there may be provided a dial 8306 for changing the position of the lens for diopter adjustment.
- the display unit 8302 for example, it is preferable to use a display device with extremely high definition. By using a high-definition display device for the display portion 8302, even if the image is enlarged using the lens 8305 as shown in FIG. be able to.
- 24A to 24C show an example in which one display portion 8302 is provided. With such a configuration, the number of parts can be reduced.
- the display unit 8302 can display two images, an image for the right eye and an image for the left eye, side by side in two areas on the left and right. Thereby, a stereoscopic image using binocular parallax can be displayed.
- one image that can be viewed with both eyes may be displayed over the entire area of the display unit 8302 . This makes it possible to display a panoramic image over both ends of the field of view, thereby increasing the sense of reality.
- the electronic device 8300 preferably has a mechanism that changes the curvature of the display unit 8302 to an appropriate value according to the size of the user's head, the position of the eyes, or the like.
- the user may adjust the curvature of the display section 8302 by operating a dial 8307 for adjusting the curvature of the display section 8302 .
- a sensor unit for example, a camera, a contact sensor, or a non-contact sensor
- a mechanism for adjusting the curvature of the display section 8302 may be provided.
- the lens 8305 when used, it is preferable to provide a mechanism for adjusting the position and angle of the lens 8305 in synchronization with the curvature of the display section 8302 .
- the dial 8306 may have the function of adjusting the angle of the lens.
- FIGS. 24E and 24F show examples in which a drive section 8308 for controlling the curvature of the display section 8302 is provided.
- the drive unit 8308 is fixed to at least part of the display unit 8302 .
- the drive unit 8308 has a function of deforming the display unit 8302 by deforming or moving a portion fixed to the display unit 8302 .
- FIG. 24E is a schematic diagram of a case where a user 8310 with a relatively large head is wearing the housing 8301.
- FIG. 24E the shape of the display portion 8302 is adjusted by the driving portion 8308 so that the curvature is relatively small (the radius of curvature is large).
- FIG. 24F shows a case where a user 8311 whose head size is smaller than that of the user 8310 wears a housing 8301.
- the distance between the eyes of the user 8311 is narrower than that of the user 8310 .
- the shape of the display portion 8302 is adjusted by the drive portion 8308 so that the curvature of the display portion 8302 becomes large (the curvature radius becomes small).
- the position and shape of the display 8302 in FIG. 24E are indicated by dashed lines.
- the electronic device 8300 has a mechanism for adjusting the curvature of the display unit 8302, thereby providing optimal display to various users of all ages.
- the electronic device 8300 may have two display units 8302 as shown in FIG. 24D.
- the user can see one display unit with one eye.
- the display portion 8302 is curved in an arc with the eye of the user as the approximate center.
- the distance from the user's eyes to the display surface of the display unit is constant, so that the user can see a more natural image.
- the brightness and chromaticity of the light from the display unit change depending on the viewing angle, since the user's eyes are positioned in the normal direction of the display surface of the display unit, Since the influence can be ignored, a more realistic image can be displayed.
- FIGS. 25A to 25C are diagrams showing the appearance of an electronic device 8300 that is different from the electronic device 8300 shown in FIGS. 24A to 24D.
- FIGS. 25A to 25C differ from FIGS. 24A to 24D in that they have a fixture 8304a to be attached to the head, a pair of lenses 8305, and the like.
- the user can visually recognize the display on the display unit 8302 through the lens 8305 .
- the display portion 8302 it is preferable to arrange the display portion 8302 in a curved manner because the user can feel a high presence.
- three-dimensional display or the like using parallax can be performed.
- the configuration is not limited to the configuration in which one display portion 8302 is provided, and two display portions 8302 may be provided and one display portion may be arranged for one eye of the user.
- the display unit 8302 for example, it is preferable to use a display device with extremely high definition. By using a high-definition display device for the display portion 8302, even if the image is enlarged using the lens 8305 as shown in FIG. be able to.
- the head-mounted display which is an electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention, may have the structure of electronic device 8200, which is a glass-type head-mounted display illustrated in FIG. 25D.
- the electronic device 8200 has a mounting section 8201, a lens 8202, a main body 8203, a display section 8204, and a cable 8205.
- a battery 8206 is built in the mounting portion 8201 .
- a cable 8205 supplies power from a battery 8206 to the main body 8203 .
- a main body 8203 includes a wireless receiver or the like, and can display received video information on a display portion 8204 .
- the main body 8203 is equipped with a camera, and information on the movement of the user's eyeballs or eyelids can be used as input means.
- the mounting section 8201 may be provided with a plurality of electrodes capable of detecting a current flowing along with the movement of the user's eyeballs at a position where it touches the user, and may have a function of recognizing the line of sight. Moreover, it may have a function of monitoring the user's pulse based on the current flowing through the electrode.
- the mounting unit 8201 may have various sensors such as a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, or an acceleration sensor.
- a function of changing an image displayed on the display portion 8204 may be provided.
- 26A to 26C are diagrams showing the appearance of an electronic device 8750 different from the electronic device 8300 shown in FIGS. 24A to 24D and FIGS. 25A to 25C and the electronic device 8200 shown in FIG. 25D.
- FIG. 26A is a perspective view showing the front, top, and left side of the electronic device 8750
- FIGS. 26B and 26C are perspective views showing the rear, bottom, and right side of the electronic device 8750.
- FIG. 26A is a perspective view showing the front, top, and left side of the electronic device 8750
- FIGS. 26B and 26C are perspective views showing the rear, bottom, and right side of the electronic device 8750.
- the electronic device 8750 has a pair of display devices 8751, a housing 8752, a pair of mounting portions 8754, a buffer member 8755, a pair of lenses 8756, and the like.
- a pair of display devices 8751 are provided inside a housing 8752 at positions where they can be viewed through a lens 8756 .
- an electronic device 8750 shown in FIGS. 26A to 26C is an electronic component having the processing unit described in the previous embodiment (for example, a circuit included in the control circuit PRPH shown in FIG. 5).
- the electronic device 8750 shown in FIGS. 26A to 26C has a camera. The camera can image the user's eyes and the vicinity thereof.
- the electronic device 8750 shown in FIGS. 26A to 26C includes a motion detection portion, an audio, a control portion, a communication portion, and a battery inside the housing 8752 .
- the electronic device 8750 is an electronic device for VR.
- a user wearing the electronic device 8750 can see an image displayed on the display device 8751 through the lens 8756 .
- an input terminal 8757 and an output terminal 8758 are provided on the rear side of the housing 8752 .
- the input terminal 8757 can be connected to a video signal from a video output device or the like, or a cable for supplying electric power or the like for charging a battery provided in the housing 8752 .
- the output terminal 8758 functions as an audio output terminal, for example, and can be connected with earphones or headphones.
- the housing 8752 preferably has a mechanism capable of adjusting the left and right positions of the lens 8756 and the display device 8751 so that they are optimally positioned according to the position of the user's eyes. .
- the electronic device 8750 can estimate the state of the user of the electronic device 8750 and display information about the estimated state of the user on the display device 8751. can. Alternatively, information about the state of the user of the electronic device connected to the electronic device 8750 through a network can be displayed on the display device 8751 .
- the cushioning member 8755 is a portion that contacts the user's face (eg, one or both of the forehead and cheeks). Since the buffer member 8755 is in close contact with the user's face, it is possible to prevent light leakage and enhance the sense of immersion.
- a soft material is preferably used for the cushioning member 8755 so that the cushioning member 8755 is brought into close contact with the user's face when the electronic device 8750 is worn by the user.
- materials such as rubber, silicone rubber, urethane, or sponge can be used.
- a member that touches the user's skin is preferably detachable for easy cleaning or replacement.
- the electronic device of this embodiment may further have an earphone 8754A.
- the earphone 8754A has a communication section (not shown) and has a wireless communication function.
- the earphone 8754A can output audio data with a wireless communication function.
- the earphone 8754A may have a vibration mechanism that functions as a bone conduction earphone.
- the earphone 8754A can be configured to be directly connected or wired to the mounting portion 8754 like the earphone 8754B illustrated in FIG. 26C.
- the earphone 8754B and the mounting portion 8754 may have magnets. As a result, the earphone 8754B can be fixed to the mounting portion 8754 by magnetic force, which facilitates storage, which is preferable.
- the earphone 8754A may have a sensor section.
- the sensor unit can be used to estimate the state of the user of the electronic device.
- an electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention includes, in addition to any one of the above configuration examples, one or more selected from an antenna, a battery, a camera, a speaker, a microphone, a touch sensor, and an operation button. good too.
- the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention may include a secondary battery, and it is preferable that the secondary battery can be charged using contactless power transmission.
- Secondary batteries include, for example, lithium ion secondary batteries (e.g., lithium polymer batteries using a gel electrolyte (lithium ion polymer batteries)), nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, organic radical batteries, lead-acid batteries, and air secondary batteries. , nickel-zinc batteries, or silver-zinc batteries.
- lithium ion secondary batteries e.g., lithium polymer batteries using a gel electrolyte (lithium ion polymer batteries)
- nickel-metal hydride batteries nickel-cadmium batteries, organic radical batteries, lead-acid batteries, and air secondary batteries.
- nickel-zinc batteries nickel-zinc batteries, or silver-zinc batteries.
- the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention may have an antenna.
- An image, information, or the like can be displayed on the display portion by receiving a signal with the antenna.
- the antenna may be used for contactless power transmission.
- a display unit of an electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention can display video with a screen resolution of, for example, full high definition, 4K2K, 8K4K, 16K8K, or higher.
- the electronic devices exemplified below include the display device of one embodiment of the present invention in a display portion. Therefore, it is an electronic device that achieves high screen resolution.
- the display devices described in the above embodiments may be used in electronic devices shown in FIGS. 27A to 27H, which will be described later.
- these electronic devices can be electronic devices having both a high screen resolution and a large screen.
- One embodiment of the present invention includes a display device and at least one selected from an antenna, a battery, a housing, a camera, a speaker, a microphone, a touch sensor, and an operation button.
- the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention may include a secondary battery, and it is preferable that the secondary battery can be charged using contactless power transmission.
- the description of the secondary battery described in Embodiment 6 can be referred to.
- the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention may have an antenna.
- the antenna for example, the description of the antenna described in Embodiment 6 can be referred to.
- a display unit of an electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention can display video with a screen resolution of, for example, full high definition, 4K2K, 8K4K, 16K8K, or higher.
- Examples of electronic devices include, for example, television devices, notebook personal computers, monitor devices, digital signage, pachinko machines, game machines, and other electronic devices with relatively large screens, as well as digital cameras, digital video cameras, and digital photos. Examples include frames, mobile phones, portable game machines, personal digital assistants, and sound reproduction devices.
- An electronic device to which one aspect of the present invention is applied can be incorporated along the flat or curved surface of the inner or outer wall of a building such as a house or building, or the interior or exterior of an automobile.
- An information terminal 5500 shown in FIG. 27A is a mobile phone (smartphone), which is a type of information terminal.
- the information terminal 5500 includes a housing 5510 and a display portion 5511.
- the display portion 5511 is provided with a touch panel, and the housing 5510 is provided with buttons.
- FIG. 27B is a diagram showing the appearance of an information terminal 5900 that is an example of a wearable terminal.
- An information terminal 5900 includes a housing 5901, a display portion 5902, operation buttons 5903, a crown 5904, a band 5905, and the like.
- FIG. 27C a notebook information terminal 5300 is illustrated.
- a notebook information terminal 5300 shown in FIG. 27C includes, as an example, a display unit 5331 in a housing 5330a and a keyboard unit 5350 in a housing 5330b.
- smartphones, wearable terminals, and notebook information terminals are illustrated as examples of electronic devices in FIGS. can be done.
- Examples of information terminals other than smart phones, wearable terminals, and notebook information terminals include PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants), desktop information terminals, and workstations.
- FIG. 27D is a diagram showing the appearance of camera 8000 with finder 8100 attached.
- a camera 8000 has a housing 8001, a display unit 8002, an operation button 8003, a shutter button 8004, and the like.
- a detachable lens 8006 is attached to the camera 8000 .
- the camera 8000 may have the lens 8006 integrated with the housing.
- the camera 8000 can capture an image by pressing the shutter button 8004 or by touching the display unit 8002 that functions as a touch panel.
- the housing 8001 has a mount with electrodes, and can be connected to the viewfinder 8100 as well as a strobe device or the like.
- the viewfinder 8100 has a housing 8101, a display section 8102, and buttons 8103.
- the housing 8101 is attached to the camera 8000 by mounts that engage the mounts of the camera 8000 .
- a viewfinder 8100 can display an image or the like received from the camera 8000 on a display portion 8102 .
- the button 8103 has, for example, a function as a power button.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 8002 of the camera 8000 and the display portion 8102 of the viewfinder 8100 .
- the camera 8000 having a built-in finder may also be used.
- FIG. 27E is a diagram showing the appearance of a portable game machine 5200, which is an example of a game machine.
- a portable game machine 5200 includes a housing 5201 , a display portion 5202 , and buttons 5203 .
- the video of the portable game machine 5200 can be output by a display device such as a television device, a personal computer display, a game display, or a head-mounted display.
- a display device such as a television device, a personal computer display, a game display, or a head-mounted display.
- the portable game machine 5200 with low power consumption can be realized.
- the low power consumption can reduce the heat generated from the circuit, so that the influence of the heat on the circuit itself, the peripheral circuits, and the module can be reduced.
- FIG. 27E illustrates a portable game machine as an example of the game machine
- the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.
- Examples of electronic devices of one embodiment of the present invention include stationary game machines, arcade game machines installed in amusement facilities (for example, game centers and amusement parks), and batting practice pitchers installed in sports facilities. machines, etc.
- FIG. 27F is a perspective view showing a television device.
- the television device 9000 includes a housing 9002, a display unit 9001, a speaker 9003, operation keys 9005 (including a power switch or an operation switch), connection terminals 9006, sensors 9007 (for example, force, displacement, position, speed, acceleration, Angular velocity, number of rotations, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substances, sound, time, hardness, electric field, current, voltage, power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration, smell, or infrared rays , or includes a function to detect).
- a storage device of one embodiment of the present invention can be provided in a television device.
- a television device may incorporate a display 9001 of, for example, 50 inches or more, or 100 inches or more.
- the television device 9000 with low power consumption can be realized.
- the low power consumption can reduce the heat generated from the circuit, so that the influence of the heat on the circuit itself, the peripheral circuits, and the module can be reduced.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can also be applied around the driver's seat of an automobile, which is a moving object.
- FIG. 27G is a diagram showing the vicinity of the windshield in the interior of the automobile 5700.
- FIG. FIG. 27G illustrates display panel 5701, display panel 5702, and display panel 5703 attached to the dashboard, as well as display panel 5704 attached to the pillar.
- the display panels 5701 to 5703 can display, for example, navigation information, speedometer, tachometer, mileage, fuel gauge, gear status, air conditioning settings, and the like.
- the display items displayed on the display panel and the layout can be appropriately changed according to user's preference, and the design can be improved.
- the display panels 5701 to 5703 can also be used as lighting devices.
- the display panel 5704 can complement the field of view (blind spot) blocked by the pillars by displaying an image from the imaging means provided on the vehicle body. In other words, by displaying an image from the imaging means provided outside the automobile 5700, blind spots can be compensated for and safety can be enhanced. In addition, by projecting an image that supplements the invisible part, safety confirmation can be performed more naturally and without discomfort.
- the display panel 5704 can also be used as a lighting device.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display panels 5701 to 5704, for example.
- moving objects can also include trains, monorails, ships, or air vehicles (e.g., helicopters, unmanned aerial vehicles (drones), airplanes, and rockets), and these moving objects represent one aspect of the present invention. Apparatus can be applied.
- FIG. 27H shows an example of an electronic sign (digital signage) that can be attached to a wall.
- FIG. 27H shows the electronic signboard 6200 attached to the wall 6201 .
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion of the electronic signboard 6200, for example. Further, the electronic signboard 6200 may be provided with an interface such as a touch panel.
- an example of an electronic device that can be attached to a wall is shown as an example of an electronic signboard, but the type of electronic signboard is not limited to this.
- electronic signboards include a type that is attached to a pillar, a stand type that is placed on the ground, and a type that is installed on the roof or side wall of a building.
- the present embodiment describes a system having the electronic device described above and a server (sometimes called a computer) that functions on a network.
- FIG. 28A schematically illustrates communication between an electronic device to which the display device of one embodiment of the present invention is applied and the server 5100 .
- FIG. 28A illustrates communication 5110 as a state of communication.
- FIG. 28A also illustrates an information terminal 5500, a camera 8000, a notebook information terminal 5300, a portable game machine 5200, an automobile 5700, and a television device 9000 as examples of the electronic devices.
- the electronic device transmits a signal including a command related to the arithmetic processing to the server 5100,
- the server 5100 can perform the arithmetic processing instead of the electronic device.
- the electronic device does not need to have data necessary for arithmetic processing and application software, so that the capacity of the storage device of the electronic device can be saved.
- the load on the circuit included in the electronic device can be reduced.
- the system described above may be referred to as a thin client system.
- the electronic device may be called a thin client terminal, and the server 5100 may be called a thin client server.
- the processing performed by the server 5100 instead of the electronic device includes, for example, the image processing for displaying on the display unit of the display device described in the above embodiment (for example, gradation adjustment processing, luminance of each color adjustment, etc.), processing to set the image resolution of each region obtained by dividing the display unit of the display device, processing to set the frame frequency of each region obtained by dividing the display unit of the display device, or processing related to the eye tracking function. be done.
- the image processing for displaying on the display unit of the display device described in the above embodiment for example, gradation adjustment processing, luminance of each color adjustment, etc.
- processing to set the image resolution of each region obtained by dividing the display unit of the display device processing to set the frame frequency of each region obtained by dividing the display unit of the display device, or processing related to the eye tracking function.
- DSP display device
- PXAL pixel layer
- EML layer
- OSL layer
- SICL circuit layer
- BS substrate
- SST laminate
- TP touch sensor layer
- DRV drive circuit area
- LIA area
- DIS Display unit
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- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Thin Film Transistor (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明の一態様は、第1層と、第1層の上方に位置する第2層と、を有する表示装置である。第1層は、基板と、基板上に位置する複数の駆動回路領域を有し、第2層は、複数の表示領域を有する。複数の駆動回路領域のそれぞれは、駆動回路を有する。複数の表示領域のそれぞれは、画素を有し、画素は、発光ダイオードを有する。また、複数の駆動回路領域の一に含まれる駆動回路は、複数の表示領域の一に含まれる画素を駆動させる機能を有する。表示装置は、複数の表示領域のうちの少なくとも二に、互いに異なるフレーム周波数で画像を表示させる機能を有する。
又は、本発明の一態様は、上記(1)において、複数の表示領域のそれぞれが、センサ部を有する構成としてもよい。特に、センサ部は、発光ダイオードの上方に位置することが好ましい。
又は、本発明の一態様は、上記(2)において、タッチを検知したセンサ部が含まれる表示領域に表示される画像のフレーム周波数を、タッチを検知していないセンサ部が含まれる表示領域に表示される画像のフレーム周波数よりも低くする機能を有する構成としてもよい。
又は、本発明の一態様は、上記(1)乃至(3)のいずれか一において、駆動回路が、チャネル形成領域にシリコンを含むトランジスタを有し、画素が、チャネル形成領域に金属酸化物を含むトランジスタを有する、構成としてもよい。
又は、本発明の一態様は、上記(4)において、基板がガラス基板であり、シリコンは低温ポリシリコンである構成としてもよい。
又は、本発明の一態様は、上記(1)乃至(5)のいずれか一において、複数の駆動回路領域の一と、複数の表示領域の一と、が、平面視において、互いに重なる領域に位置する構成としてもよい。
又は、本発明の一態様は、上記(1)乃至(6)のいずれか一において、第1層と、第2層と、の間に、基板に対して垂直な方向、又は概略垂直な方向に配線が延設されており、配線は、画素と、駆動回路と、に電気的に接続されている構成としてもよい。
又は、本発明の一態様は、上記(1)乃至(7)のいずれか一の表示装置と、筐体と、を有する、電子機器である。
図2Aは、表示装置の表示部の一例を示した平面模式図であり、図2Bは、表示装置の駆動回路領域の一例を示した平面模式図である。
図3は、表示装置の構成例を示したブロック図である。
図4は、表示装置の構成例を示した平面模式図である。
図5は、表示装置の構成例を示したブロック図である。
図6A及び図6Bは、表示装置の表示部を複数の領域に分割した一例を示した図である。
図7Aは、表示装置の表示部の平面を複数の領域に分割した一例を示した図であり、図7Bは、表示装置の表示部の平面の一例を示した図である。
図8は、表示装置の表示部を複数の領域に分割した一例を示した図である。
図9は、表示装置の構成例を示した断面模式図である。
図10A及び図10Bは、トランジスタの一例を示した断面図である。
図11A乃至図11Dは、LEDパッケージの構成例を示した断面模式図である。
図12A及び図12Bは、LEDパッケージの構成例を示した平面模式図である。
図13Aは、表示装置の構成例を示した断面模式図であり、図13Bは、表示装置に備わる基板と当該基板上の発光ダイオードの構成例を示した断面模式図である。
図14は、表示装置の構成例を示した断面模式図である。
図15は、表示装置の構成例を示した断面模式図である。
図16は、表示装置の構成例を示した断面模式図である。
図17Aは、表示装置に含まれる画素回路の構成例を示した回路図であり、図17Bは、表示装置に含まれる画素回路の構成例を示した斜視模式図である。
図18A乃至図18Gは、画素の一例を示した平面図である。
図19A乃至図19Fは、画素の一例を示した平面図である。
図20A乃至図20Hは、画素の一例を示した平面図である。
図21A乃至図21Dは、画素の一例を示した平面図である。
図22A乃至図22Gは、画素の一例を示した平面図である。
図23A及び図23Bは、表示モジュールの構成例を示す図である。
図24A乃至図24Fは、電子機器の構成例を示す図である。
図25A乃至図25Dは、電子機器の構成例を示す図である。
図26A乃至図26Cは、電子機器の構成例を示す図である。
図27A乃至図27Hは、電子機器の構成例を示す図である。
図28は、システムの構成例を示す図である。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置について、説明する。
図1Aは、本発明の一態様の表示装置の断面模式図である。図1Aに示す表示装置DSPは、一例として、画素層PXALと、回路層SICLと、を有する。
次に、表示装置DSPと、表示装置DSPの外に設けられる制御回路と、の例について説明する。図5は、表示装置DSPと制御回路PRPHの一例を示したブロック図である。
本実施の形態では、上述した表示装置DSPにおいて、分割された表示領域ARA毎に表示品位が異なる画像を表示する例について説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の電子機器に備えることができる表示装置について説明する。なお、上記の実施の形態で説明した表示装置DSPは、本実施の形態で説明する表示装置を適用することができる。
図9は、本発明の一態様の表示装置の一例を示した断面図である。図9に示す表示装置1000は、一例として、基板310上に画素回路及び駆動回路が設けられた構成となっている。なお、上記で説明した実施の形態の表示装置DSPは、図9の表示装置1000の構成とすることができる。
ここで、画素層PXALに備えることができる画素回路の構成例について、説明する。
ここでは、画素レイアウトについて説明する。副画素の配列に特に限定はなく、様々な方法を適用することができる。副画素の配列としては、例えば、ストライプ配列、Sストライプ配列、マトリクス配列、デルタ配列、ベイヤー配列、ペンタイル配列などが挙げられる。
本実施の形態では、上記の実施の形態で説明したOSトランジスタに用いることができる金属酸化物(以下、酸化物半導体ともいう。)について説明する。
酸化物半導体の結晶構造としては、アモルファス(completely amorphousを含む)、CAAC(c−axis−aligned crystalline)、nc(nanocrystalline)、CAC(cloud−aligned composite)、単結晶(single crystal)、及び多結晶(poly crystal)等が挙げられる。
なお、酸化物半導体は、構造に着目した場合、上記とは異なる分類となる場合がある。例えば、酸化物半導体は、単結晶酸化物半導体と、それ以外の非単結晶酸化物半導体と、に分けられる。非単結晶酸化物半導体として、例えば、上述のCAAC−OS、及びnc−OSがある。また、非単結晶酸化物半導体には、多結晶酸化物半導体、擬似非晶質酸化物半導体(a−like OS:amorphous−like oxide semiconductor)、非晶質酸化物半導体、等が含まれる。
CAAC−OSは、複数の結晶領域を有し、当該複数の結晶領域はc軸が特定の方向に配向している酸化物半導体である。なお、特定の方向とは、CAAC−OS膜の厚さ方向、CAAC−OS膜の被形成面の法線方向、またはCAAC−OS膜の表面の法線方向である。また、結晶領域とは、原子配列に周期性を有する領域である。なお、原子配列を格子配列とみなすと、結晶領域とは、格子配列の揃った領域でもある。さらに、CAAC−OSは、a−b面方向において複数の結晶領域が連結する領域を有し、当該領域は歪みを有する場合がある。なお、歪みとは、複数の結晶領域が連結する領域において、格子配列の揃った領域と、別の格子配列の揃った領域と、の間で格子配列の向きが変化している箇所を指す。つまり、CAAC−OSは、c軸配向し、a−b面方向には明らかな配向をしていない酸化物半導体である。
nc−OSは、微小な領域(例えば、1nm以上10nm以下の領域、特に1nm以上3nm以下の領域)において原子配列に周期性を有する。別言すると、nc−OSは、微小な結晶を有する。なお、当該微小な結晶の大きさは、例えば、1nm以上10nm以下、特に1nm以上3nm以下であることから、当該微小な結晶をナノ結晶ともいう。また、nc−OSは、異なるナノ結晶間で結晶方位に規則性が見られない。そのため、膜全体で配向性が見られない。したがって、nc−OSは、分析方法によっては、a−like OSおよび非晶質酸化物半導体と区別が付かない場合がある。例えば、nc−OS膜に対し、XRD装置を用いて構造解析を行うと、θ/2θスキャンを用いたOut−of−plane XRD測定では、結晶性を示すピークが検出されない。また、nc−OS膜に対し、ナノ結晶よりも大きいプローブ径(例えば50nm以上)の電子線を用いる電子線回折(制限視野電子線回折ともいう。)を行うと、ハローパターンのような回折パターンが観測される。一方、nc−OS膜に対し、ナノ結晶の大きさと近いかナノ結晶より小さいプローブ径(例えば1nm以上30nm以下)の電子線を用いる電子線回折(ナノビーム電子線回折ともいう。)を行うと、ダイレクトスポットを中心とするリング状の領域内に複数のスポットが観測される電子線回折パターンが取得される場合がある。
a−like OSは、nc−OSと非晶質酸化物半導体との間の構造を有する酸化物半導体である。a−like OSは、鬆または低密度領域を有する。即ち、a−like OSは、nc−OSおよびCAAC−OSと比べて、結晶性が低い。また、a−like OSは、nc−OSおよびCAAC−OSと比べて、膜中の水素濃度が高い。
次に、上述のCAC−OSの詳細について、説明を行う。なお、CAC−OSは材料構成に関する。
CAC−OSとは、例えば、金属酸化物を構成する元素が、0.5nm以上10nm以下、好ましくは、1nm以上3nm以下、またはその近傍のサイズで偏在した材料の一構成である。なお、以下では、金属酸化物において、一つまたは複数の金属元素が偏在し、該金属元素を有する領域が、0.5nm以上10nm以下、好ましくは、1nm以上3nm以下、またはその近傍のサイズで混合した状態をモザイク状、またはパッチ状ともいう。
続いて、上記酸化物半導体をトランジスタに用いる場合について説明する。
ここで、酸化物半導体中における各不純物の影響について説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の電子機器に適用できる表示モジュールについて説明する。
初めに、本発明の一態様の電子機器に適用できる表示装置を備えた表示モジュールについて説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の電子機器の一例として、表示装置が適用された電子機器の例について説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様を用いて作製された表示装置を備える電子機器について説明する。
図27Aに示す情報端末5500は、情報端末の一種である携帯電話(スマートフォン)である。情報端末5500は、筐体5510と、表示部5511と、を有しており、入力用インターフェースとして、タッチパネルが表示部5511に備えられ、ボタンが筐体5510に備えられている。
図27Bは、ウェアラブル端末の一例である情報端末5900の外観を示す図である。情報端末5900は、筐体5901、表示部5902、操作ボタン5903、竜頭5904、バンド5905などを有する。
また、図27Cには、ノート型情報端末5300が図示されている。図27Cに示すノート型情報端末5300には、一例として、筐体5330aに表示部5331、筐体5330bにキーボード部5350が備えられている。
図27Dは、ファインダー8100を取り付けた状態のカメラ8000の外観を示す図である。
図27Eは、ゲーム機の一例である携帯ゲーム機5200の外観を示す図である。携帯ゲーム機5200は、筐体5201、表示部5202、及びボタン5203を有する。
図27Fは、テレビジョン装置を示す斜視図である。テレビジョン装置9000は、筐体9002、表示部9001、スピーカ9003、操作キー9005(電源スイッチ、又は操作スイッチを含む)、接続端子9006、センサ9007(例えば、力、変位、位置、速度、加速度、角速度、回転数、距離、光、液、磁気、温度、化学物質、音声、時間、硬度、電場、電流、電圧、電力、放射線、流量、湿度、傾度、振動、におい、若しくは赤外線を測定する機能、又は検知する機能を含むもの)などを有する。本発明の一態様の記憶装置は、テレビジョン装置に備えることができる。テレビジョン装置は、例えば、50インチ以上、又は100インチ以上の表示部9001を組み込むことが可能である。
本発明の一態様の表示装置は、移動体である自動車の運転席周辺に適用することもできる。
図27Hは、壁に取り付けが可能な電子看板(デジタルサイネージ)の例を示している。図27Hは、電子看板6200が壁6201に取り付けられている様子を示している。本発明の一態様の表示装置は、例えば、電子看板6200の表示部に適用することができる。また、電子看板6200には、タッチパネルなどのインターフェースなどが設けられていてもよい。
本実施の形態は、上述した電子機器と、ネットワーク上で機能するサーバ(計算機と呼ばれる場合がある)と、を有するシステムについて説明する。
Claims (8)
- 第1層と、前記第1層の上方に位置する第2層と、を有し、
前記第1層は、基板と、前記基板上に位置する複数の駆動回路領域を有し、
前記第2層は、複数の表示領域を有し、
前記複数の駆動回路領域のそれぞれは、駆動回路を有し、
前記複数の表示領域のそれぞれは、画素を有し、
前記画素は、発光ダイオードを有し、
前記複数の駆動回路領域の一に含まれる前記駆動回路は、前記複数の表示領域の一に含まれる前記画素を駆動させる機能を有し、
前記複数の表示領域のうちの少なくとも二に、互いに異なるフレーム周波数で画像を表示させる機能を有する、
表示装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記複数の表示領域のそれぞれは、センサ部を有し、
前記センサ部は、前記発光ダイオードの上方に位置する、
表示装置。 - 請求項2において、
タッチを検知した前記センサ部が含まれる前記表示領域に表示される画像のフレーム周波数を、タッチを検知していない前記センサ部が含まれる前記表示領域に表示される画像のフレーム周波数よりも低くする機能を有する、
表示装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか一において、
前記駆動回路は、チャネル形成領域にシリコンを含むトランジスタを有し、
前記画素は、チャネル形成領域に金属酸化物を含むトランジスタと、を有する、
表示装置。 - 請求項4において、
前記基板は、ガラス基板であり、
前記シリコンは、低温ポリシリコンである、
表示装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか一において、
前記複数の駆動回路領域の一と、前記複数の表示領域の一と、は、平面視において、互いに重なる領域に位置する、
表示装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一において、
前記第1層と、前記第2層と、の間に、前記基板に対して垂直な方向、又は概略垂直な方向に配線が延設されており、
前記配線は、前記画素と、前記駆動回路と、に電気的に接続されている、
表示装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれか一の表示装置と、筐体と、を有する、
電子機器。
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| CN202280078476.XA CN118339602A (zh) | 2021-11-30 | 2022-11-17 | 显示装置及电子设备 |
| US18/711,187 US20250015088A1 (en) | 2021-11-30 | 2022-11-17 | Display apparatus and electronic device |
| JP2023564269A JPWO2023100015A5 (ja) | 2022-11-17 | 表示装置 | |
| KR1020247020252A KR20240113917A (ko) | 2021-11-30 | 2022-11-17 | 표시 장치 및 전자 기기 |
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| US (1) | US20250015088A1 (ja) |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2632736A (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2025-02-19 | Lg Display Co Ltd | Display device and display panel |
| WO2025182707A1 (ja) * | 2024-02-29 | 2025-09-04 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 表示装置 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US12236823B2 (en) * | 2023-04-19 | 2025-02-25 | Novatek Microelectronics Corp. | Driver circuit driving display panel in two modes |
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| JP2011133516A (ja) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-07-07 | Canon Inc | 画像表示装置およびその制御方法、プログラム |
| WO2014045749A1 (ja) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-03-27 | シャープ株式会社 | 表示制御システム、プロセッサ、コントローラ、及び、表示制御方法 |
| US20170336949A1 (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2017-11-23 | Lenovo (Beijing) Co., Ltd. | Display method and electronic device thereof |
| JP2018077289A (ja) * | 2016-11-07 | 2018-05-17 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 表示装置およびプログラム |
| JP2020187186A (ja) * | 2018-07-13 | 2020-11-19 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 表示装置、及び電子機器 |
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| CN115335891A (zh) | 2020-03-27 | 2022-11-11 | 株式会社半导体能源研究所 | 显示装置及电子设备 |
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- 2022-11-17 US US18/711,187 patent/US20250015088A1/en active Pending
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011133516A (ja) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-07-07 | Canon Inc | 画像表示装置およびその制御方法、プログラム |
| WO2014045749A1 (ja) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-03-27 | シャープ株式会社 | 表示制御システム、プロセッサ、コントローラ、及び、表示制御方法 |
| US20170336949A1 (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2017-11-23 | Lenovo (Beijing) Co., Ltd. | Display method and electronic device thereof |
| JP2018077289A (ja) * | 2016-11-07 | 2018-05-17 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 表示装置およびプログラム |
| JP2020187186A (ja) * | 2018-07-13 | 2020-11-19 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 表示装置、及び電子機器 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| GB2632736A (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2025-02-19 | Lg Display Co Ltd | Display device and display panel |
| WO2025182707A1 (ja) * | 2024-02-29 | 2025-09-04 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 表示装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN118339602A (zh) | 2024-07-12 |
| US20250015088A1 (en) | 2025-01-09 |
| KR20240113917A (ko) | 2024-07-23 |
| JPWO2023100015A1 (ja) | 2023-06-08 |
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