WO2023098275A1 - 安装5g天线的共享铁塔吸波网结构及几何尺寸确定方法 - Google Patents
安装5g天线的共享铁塔吸波网结构及几何尺寸确定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023098275A1 WO2023098275A1 PCT/CN2022/123203 CN2022123203W WO2023098275A1 WO 2023098275 A1 WO2023098275 A1 WO 2023098275A1 CN 2022123203 W CN2022123203 W CN 2022123203W WO 2023098275 A1 WO2023098275 A1 WO 2023098275A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
- H01Q17/005—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems using woven or wound filaments; impregnated nets or clothes
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- the invention relates to the technical field of communication base stations, in particular to a structure and a method for determining a geometric dimension of a shared iron tower wave-absorbing network installed with a 5G antenna.
- the open sharing of "power towers” and “communication towers” constitutes a huge "good news” for promoting the coordinated development of power and communication infrastructure, especially for the upcoming 5G network deployment.
- the power poles and towers along the line are used for communication construction, which can promote the wide coverage and fast coverage of the telecommunications network, greatly shorten the construction period, improve the construction efficiency of communication base stations, reduce the construction cost of communication base stations, and strongly support the implementation of the strategy of "network power" and the depth of 4G network Coverage and rapid deployment of 5G networks;
- the second is to promote the formation of a market-oriented co-construction and sharing cooperation model for power and communication enterprises, which can promote the utilization of resources and improve efficiency of power grid enterprises, and is conducive to the maintenance, appreciation and amplification of state-owned assets;
- the third is to effectively reduce new additions
- the land resources occupied by communication towers and base stations and their impact on the environment have become a model for practicing the national concept of green development and coordinated development.
- the antenna is mainly used to radiate and receive electromagnetic waves.
- the mechanical antenna refers to a mobile antenna that mechanically adjusts the downtilt angle. Mechanical tilt means that the antenna will be physically rotated about an axis, changing the shape and orientation of the radiation pattern. During the adjustment process, although the coverage distance in the main lobe direction of the antenna changes significantly, the amplitudes of the vertical and horizontal components of the antenna remain unchanged, so the antenna pattern is easily deformed. Practice has proved that the best downtilt angle of the mechanical antenna is 1° ⁇ 5°. If the adjustment angle is too large, the shape of the antenna pattern will change greatly, from the pear shape when there is no downtilt to the spindle shape.
- the mechanical antenna is a relatively common base station antenna. Because it cannot be used for large-angle downtilt, it is generally used in rural and suburban areas with relatively large coverage areas.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a shared tower absorbing network structure and a geometric dimension determination method for installing 5G antennas, using the absorbing network structure arranged on the tower behind the antenna to absorb electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna, and reduce the scattering of electromagnetic waves by the tower.
- the present invention provides the following scheme:
- a shared tower wave-absorbing network structure for installing 5G antennas the wave-absorbing network structure is set on the tower behind the antenna, and the wave-absorbing network structure includes: multi-layer metal meshes arranged staggeredly from top to bottom ;
- the metal mesh has a square structure; the mesh of the metal mesh is square.
- the side length determination process of the metal mesh is:
- the metal mesh is a rectangular structure, the short side length of the rectangular structure is equal to the section side length of the pole tower at the position where the antenna is erected, and the long side length of the rectangular structure is equal to the maximum value;
- the metal mesh is a square structure, and the side length of the square structure is equal to the maximum value.
- the side length of the mesh is
- a is the side length of the mesh
- n is the coefficient
- ⁇ max is the wavelength corresponding to the maximum operating frequency of the antenna.
- the number of layers of the metal mesh is the number of layers of the metal mesh.
- N is the number of layers
- ⁇ is the maximum ratio of the maximum value of the scattering field to the maximum value of the emission field
- ⁇ is the maximum tilt angle of the antenna
- ⁇ is the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency of the antenna
- ⁇ is the ratio of the maximum scattering field to the emission field after the antenna is tilted Ratio
- a is the side length of the mesh
- ceil( ) is the function of rounding up.
- the metal mesh is an iron wire with a relative magnetic permeability greater than or equal to 600, and the radius of the iron wire ranges from 0.1 ⁇ 0.02mm.
- the surface of the metal mesh is coated with an insulating material, and the thickness of the insulating material is less than or equal to 0.02mm.
- a method for determining the geometric dimensions of a shared iron tower wave-absorbing network structure for installing a 5G antenna the determination method being applied to the aforementioned iron tower wave-absorbing network structure for installing a 5G antenna, the method comprising:
- the minimum operating frequency of the antenna determine the side length of the metal mesh of the wave-absorbing mesh structure
- the maximum operating frequency of the antenna determine the mesh side length of the metal mesh of the wave-absorbing mesh structure
- the number of layers of the metal mesh of the wave-absorbing mesh structure is determined according to the principle that the ratio of the maximum value of the scattering field not exceeding the maximum value of the emission field is controlled by ⁇ .
- the determination of the side length of the metal mesh of the wave-absorbing mesh structure according to the minimum operating frequency of the antenna specifically includes:
- the metal mesh is a rectangular structure, the short side length of the rectangular structure is equal to the section side length of the pole tower at the position where the antenna is erected, and the long side length of the rectangular structure is equal to the maximum value;
- the metal mesh is a square structure, and the side length of the square structure is equal to the maximum value.
- the determination of the mesh side length of the metal mesh of the wave-absorbing mesh structure according to the maximum operating frequency of the antenna specifically includes:
- a is the side length of the mesh
- n is the coefficient
- ⁇ max is the wavelength corresponding to the maximum operating frequency of the antenna.
- the ratio of the maximum value of the emission field is controlled by ⁇ , and the number of layers of the metal mesh of the wave-absorbing network structure is determined, specifically including:
- the ratio is controlled by ⁇ , using the formula Determine the number of layers of the metal mesh of the wave-absorbing mesh structure;
- N is the number of layers
- ⁇ is the maximum ratio of the maximum value of the scattering field to the maximum value of the emission field
- ⁇ is the maximum tilt angle of the antenna
- ⁇ is the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency of the antenna
- ⁇ is the ratio of the maximum scattering field to the emission field after the antenna is tilted Ratio
- a is the side length of the mesh
- ceil( ) is the function of rounding up.
- the invention discloses the following technical effects:
- the invention discloses a shared iron tower absorbing network structure and a method for determining geometric dimensions for installing 5G antennas.
- the absorbing network structure is arranged on the iron tower at the rear side of the antenna.
- the net is a square structure, and the mesh of the metal net is square.
- the eddy current is used to realize the loss absorption of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna, and reduce the scattering of the electromagnetic wave by the iron tower.
- Fig. 1 is the top view of the metal mesh provided by the present invention.
- Fig. 2 is the top view of the wave-absorbing net structure provided by the present invention.
- Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the method for determining the geometric dimensions of the tower wave-absorbing network structure provided by the present invention for installing 5G antennas.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a shared iron tower absorbing network structure and a method for determining geometric dimensions for installing 5G antennas, using the absorbing network structure arranged on the iron tower at the rear side of the antenna to absorb electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna, and reduce the impact of the iron tower on electromagnetic waves scattering.
- the present invention provides a shared tower absorbing network structure for installing 5G antennas.
- the absorbing network structure is set on the tower behind the antenna.
- the absorbing network structure includes: from top to bottom Multi-layer metal mesh arranged in a staggered order.
- the metal mesh is a square structure; the mesh of the metal mesh is a square.
- the wave-absorbing net structure designed by the present invention is a multi-layer mesh structure, which is fixed outside the iron tower on the rear side of the antenna to realize the absorption of electromagnetic waves.
- the process of determining the side length of the metal mesh is:
- the metal mesh is a rectangular structure, the short side length c of the rectangular structure is equal to the cross-sectional side length of the pole tower at the position where the antenna is erected, and the long side length b of the rectangular structure is equal to the maximum value;
- the metal mesh has a square structure, and the side length of the square structure is equal to the maximum value.
- the number of layers of metal mesh is In the formula, N is the number of layers, ⁇ is the maximum ratio of the maximum value of the scattering field to the maximum value of the emission field, ⁇ is the maximum tilt angle of the antenna, ⁇ is the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency of the antenna, and ⁇ is the ratio of the maximum scattering field to the emission field after the antenna is tilted ratio, a is the side length of the mesh, and ceil( ) is the function of rounding up.
- the minimum number of metal mesh layers is controlled according to the following rules:
- the ratio of the maximum scattering field to the emission field is ⁇ tan ⁇ , which can be approximated as ⁇ (the inclination angle is less than 15°);
- the number of layers is controlled by ⁇ according to the proportion that the maximum value of the scattering field does not exceed the maximum value of the emission field, that is, the influence of the side lobe does not exceed the ⁇ of the main lobe.
- the metal mesh is an iron wire with a relative magnetic permeability greater than or equal to 600, and the range of the radius of the iron wire is 0.1 ⁇ 0.02mm.
- the surface of the metal mesh is coated with insulating material, and the thickness of the insulating material is less than or equal to 0.02mm, so that each layer is electrically insulated.
- the present invention includes two aspects of design:
- Wave-absorbing material design The structure of the wave-absorbing material is based on ferromagnetic materials with different mesh structures, and different mesh sizes are designed according to the operating frequency of the antenna, and the loss absorption of electromagnetic waves is achieved by using eddy currents.
- the ferromagnetic material is coated with insulating material to realize the insulation between different layers of ferromagnetic materials.
- the present invention also provides a method for determining the geometric dimensions of the iron tower absorbing network structure for installing 5G antennas, as shown in Figure 3, the determination method is applied to the aforementioned iron tower absorbing network structure for installing 5G antennas, the method includes :
- Step 101 according to the minimum operating frequency of the antenna, determine the side length of the metal mesh of the wave-absorbing mesh structure.
- the metal mesh is a rectangular structure, the short side length of the rectangular structure is equal to the section side length of the pole tower at the position where the antenna is erected, and the long side length of the rectangular structure is equal to the maximum value;
- the metal mesh has a square structure, and the side length of the square structure is equal to the maximum value.
- Step 102 according to the maximum operating frequency of the antenna, determine the mesh side length of the metal mesh of the wave-absorbing mesh structure.
- Step 103 according to the side length of the mesh, and according to the principle that the ratio of the maximum value of the scattering field not exceeding the maximum value of the emission field is controlled by ⁇ , the number of layers of the metal mesh of the wave-absorbing mesh structure is determined.
- the side length of the mesh according to the principle that the maximum value of the scattering field does not exceed the maximum value of the emission field is controlled by ⁇ , using the formula Determine the number of layers of the metal mesh of the wave-absorbing network structure; where, N is the number of layers, ⁇ is the maximum ratio of the maximum value of the scattered field to the maximum value of the emission field, ⁇ is the maximum inclination angle of the antenna, and ⁇ is the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the antenna, ⁇ is the ratio of the maximum scattering field to the emission field after the antenna is tilted, a is the side length of the mesh, and ceil( ) is the function of rounding up.
- the side length of the mesh is taken as 0.5m.
- the diagonal length of the antenna is generally 20 times larger than the mesh, so the metal mesh area can be 5m ⁇ 5m, fixed on the tower behind the antenna, and the antenna is placed in front of the center of the metal mesh.
- the maximum tilt angle of the antenna can reach 10° (0.1745 radians).
- the absorption effect of single-layer metal mesh is: 5%.
- a wave-absorbing material is proposed, and considering that the antenna has few operating frequencies (take the 5G antenna as an example, the main work In the three frequency bands of 2.6G, 3.5G, and 4.9G), the absorbing material structure is designed according to the working frequency.
- the wave-absorbing material needs to be installed on the iron tower, considering the suspension weight and wind resistance, a light and ventilated structure is selected to reduce the scattering of electromagnetic waves by the iron tower.
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Abstract
一种用于安装5G天线的共享铁塔吸波网结构及几何尺寸确定方法，属于通信基站技术领域，吸波网结构设置在天线后侧的铁塔上，吸波网结构包括从上至下依次交错布置的多层金属网，金属网为方形结构，金属网的网孔为正方形，利用涡流实现对天线辐射的电磁波的损耗吸收，降低铁塔对电磁波的散射。
Description
本申请要求于2021年12月03日提交中国专利局、申请号为202111465864.7、发明名称为“用于安装5G天线的铁塔吸波网结构及几何尺寸确定方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本发明涉及通信基站技术领域，特别是涉及一种安装5G天线的共享铁塔吸波网结构及几何尺寸确定方法。
随着移动通信网络对容量和覆盖的要求不断提高，通信基站数量随之也越来越多。于是在现有高压输电线路铁塔上添加通信基站功能的“共享铁塔”正成为一种新的资源共享模式。
“电力塔”“通信塔”开放共享，对于推动电力和通信基础设施协调发展，特别是对于即将到来的5G网络部署，构成巨大“利好”，可谓一举数得：一是将密布城乡和公路铁路沿线的电力杆塔用于通信建设，可以促进电信网络的广覆盖、快覆盖，大大缩短施工周期，提高通信基站建设效率，降低通信基站建设成本，有力支撑“网络强国”战略实施，支撑4G网络深度覆盖和5G网络快速部署；二是推进形成电力和通信企业市场化的共建共享合作模式，可以促进电网企业盘活资源和提高效益，有利于国有资产保值增值和放大功能；三是有效减少新增通信铁塔基站占用土地资源及其对环境的影响，成为践行国家绿色发展、协调发展理念的典范。
天线作为移动通信系统中不可或缺的一个模块，其主要作用是辐射电磁波和接收电磁波，其中机械天线是指机械调整下倾角度的移动天线。机械倾斜意味着天线将围绕一个轴进行物理的旋转，从而改变辐射方向图的形状和偏向。在调整过程中，虽然天线主瓣方向的覆盖距离明显变化，但天线垂直分量和水平分量的幅值不变，所以天线方向图容易变形。实践证明：机械天线的最佳下倾角度为1°～5°，如调整角度过大，则天线方向 图形状改变很大，从没有下倾时的鸭梨形变为纺锤形。机械天线是一种比较普遍的基站天线，因其不能用于大角度下倾，所以一般被用在覆盖面积比较大的农村和郊区地区。
但是由于长期户外悬挂，风吹雨雪等外力环境导致倾角变化会不可避免地发生。这种情况发生后，天线辐射的电磁波会与铁塔的金属体发生散射，而铁塔金属架构对电磁波的折反射会影响天线的辐射场，造成天线图中无规则的旁瓣增多，影响通信质量。目前对此的解决方法是扩大天线下倾角度的变化范围，但是这会造成天线体积增大，尤其是对于成熟产品的改变难度较大。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种安装5G天线的共享铁塔吸波网结构及几何尺寸确定方法，利用设置在天线后侧铁塔上的吸波网结构吸收天线辐射的电磁波，降低铁塔对电磁波的散射。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下方案：
一种用于安装5G天线的共享铁塔吸波网结构，所述吸波网结构设置在天线后侧的铁塔上，所述吸波网结构包括：从上至下依次交错布置的多层金属网；
所述金属网为方形结构；所述金属网的网孔为正方形。
可选的，所述金属网的边长确定过程为：
获取天线最小工作频率对应波长的20倍和天线对角线长度的5倍中的最大值；
判断所述最大值是否大于天线架设位置处杆塔的截面边长，获得判断结果；
若所述判断结果表示是，则所述金属网为矩形结构，所述矩形结构的短边边长等于天线架设位置处杆塔的截面边长，所述矩形结构的长边边长等于所述最大值；
若所述判断结果表示否，则所述金属网为正方形结构，所述正方形结构的边长等于所述最大值。
可选的，所述网孔的边长为
a＝n·λ
max
式中，a为网孔的边长，n为系数，λ
max为天线最大工作频率对应的波长。
可选的，所述金属网的层数为
式中，N为层数，β为散射场最大值占发射场最大值的最大比例，θ为天线最大倾角，λ为天线工作频率对应的波长，πθ为天线倾斜后最大散射场占发射场的比例，a为网孔的边长，ceil( )为向上取整函数。
可选的，所述金属网为相对磁导率大于或等于600的铁丝，所述铁丝的半径取值范围为0.1±0.02mm。
可选的，所述金属网表面涂敷绝缘材料，所述绝缘材料的厚度小于或等于0.02mm。
一种用于安装5G天线的共享铁塔吸波网结构的几何尺寸确定方法，所述确定方法应用于前述的用于安装5G天线的铁塔吸波网结构，所述方法包括：
根据天线的最小工作频率，确定所述吸波网结构的金属网的边长；
根据天线的最大工作频率，确定所述吸波网结构的金属网的网孔边长；
根据所述网孔边长，按照散射场最大值不超过发射场最大值的占比为β控制的原则，确定所述吸波网结构的金属网的层数。
可选的，所述根据天线的最小工作频率，确定所述吸波网结构的金属网的边长，具体包括：
获取天线最小工作频率对应波长的20倍和天线对角线长度的5倍中的最大值；
判断所述最大值是否大于天线架设位置处杆塔的截面边长，获得判断结果；
若所述判断结果表示是，则所述金属网为矩形结构，所述矩形结构的短边边长等于天线架设位置处杆塔的截面边长，所述矩形结构的长边边长 等于所述最大值；
若所述判断结果表示否，则所述金属网为正方形结构，所述正方形结构的边长等于所述最大值。
可选的，所述根据天线的最大工作频率，确定所述吸波网结构的金属网的网孔边长，具体包括：
根据天线的最大工作频率，利用公式a＝n·λ
max，确定所述吸波网结构的金属网的网孔边长；
式中，a为网孔的边长，n为系数，λ
max为天线最大工作频率对应的波长。
可选的，根据所述网孔边长，按照散射场最大值不超过发射场最大值的占比为β控制的原则，确定所述吸波网结构的金属网的层数，具体包括：
根据所述网孔边长，按照散射场最大值不超过发射场最大值的占比为β控制的原则，利用公式
确定所述吸波网结构的金属网的层数；
式中，N为层数，β为散射场最大值占发射场最大值的最大比例，θ为天线最大倾角，λ为天线工作频率对应的波长，πθ为天线倾斜后最大散射场占发射场的比例，a为网孔的边长，ceil( )为向上取整函数。
根据本发明提供的具体实施例，本发明公开了以下技术效果：
本发明公开一种用于安装5G天线的共享铁塔吸波网结构及几何尺寸确定方法，吸波网结构设置在天线后侧的铁塔上，吸波网结构包括交错布置的多层金属网，金属网为方形结构，金属网的网孔为正方形，利用涡流实现对天线辐射的电磁波的损耗吸收，降低铁塔对电磁波的散射。
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明提供的金属网的俯视图；
图2为本发明提供的吸波网结构的俯视图；
图3为本发明提供的于安装5G天线的铁塔吸波网结构的几何尺寸确定方法的流程图。
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的目的是提供一种用于安装5G天线的共享铁塔吸波网结构及几何尺寸确定方法，利用设置在天线后侧铁塔上的吸波网结构吸收天线辐射的电磁波，降低铁塔对电磁波的散射。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
本发明提供了一种用于安装5G天线的共享铁塔吸波网结构，如图1-2所示，吸波网结构设置在天线后侧的铁塔上，吸波网结构包括：从上至下依次交错布置的多层金属网。
金属网为方形结构；金属网的网孔为正方形。
为了降低铁塔对电磁波的散射，本发明设计的吸波网结构为一种多层网孔结构，固定在天线后侧铁塔外，实现对电磁波的吸收。
金属网的边长确定过程为：
获取天线最小工作频率对应波长的20倍和天线对角线长度的5倍中的最大值；
判断最大值是否大于天线架设位置处杆塔的截面边长，获得判断结果；
若判断结果表示是，则金属网为矩形结构，矩形结构的短边边长c等于天线架设位置处杆塔的截面边长，矩形结构的长边边长b等于最大值；
若判断结果表示否，则金属网为正方形结构，正方形结构的边长等于最大值。
金属网的网孔的边长为a＝n·λ
max，式中，a为网孔的边长，n为系数，λ
max为天线最大工作频率对应的波长。考虑到风阻，网孔的边长不低于0.5m，各网孔电气连接良好。
金属网的层数为
式中，N为层数，β为散射场最大值占发射场最大值的最大比例，θ为天线最大倾角，λ为天线工作频率对应的波长，πθ为天线倾斜后最大散射场占发射场的比例，a为网孔的边长，ceil( )为向上取整函数。
金属网层数最小按照以下规则控制：
(1)单层吸收量占入射场强的
(2)天线倾斜后最大散射场占发射场的比例为πtanθ，可近似为πθ(倾角小于15°)；
(3)层数按照散射场最大值不超过发射场最大值的占比为β控制，即：旁瓣影响不超过主瓣的β。
金属网为相对磁导率大于或等于600的铁丝，铁丝的半径取值范围为0.1±0.02mm。
金属网表面涂敷绝缘材料，绝缘材料的厚度小于或等于0.02mm，使得每层之间电气绝缘。
本发明包括两方面设计：
1、吸波材料设计：吸波材料结构以不同网孔结构的铁磁材料为骨架，按照天线工作频率设计不同网孔大小，利用涡流实现对电磁波的损耗吸收。铁磁材料外部涂敷绝缘材料，实现不同层铁磁材料之间的绝缘。
2、吸波材料的布置：为了实现全面覆盖，5G天线装设时布置在铁塔四周，因此为了降低吸波材料装设后对铁塔平衡的影响，分别在铁塔四角装设吸波材料，在吸收电磁波的同时，保证力学结构平衡。
本发明还提供了一种用于安装5G天线的铁塔吸波网结构的几何尺寸 确定方法，如图3所示，确定方法应用于前述的用于安装5G天线的铁塔吸波网结构，方法包括：
步骤101，根据天线的最小工作频率，确定吸波网结构的金属网的边长。
具体包括：
获取天线最小工作频率对应波长的20倍和天线对角线长度的5倍中的最大值；
判断最大值是否大于天线架设位置处杆塔的截面边长，获得判断结果；
若判断结果表示是，则金属网为矩形结构，矩形结构的短边边长等于天线架设位置处杆塔的截面边长，矩形结构的长边边长等于最大值；
若判断结果表示否，则金属网为正方形结构，正方形结构的边长等于最大值。
步骤102，根据天线的最大工作频率，确定吸波网结构的金属网的网孔边长。
具体包括：
根据天线的最大工作频率，利用公式a＝n·λ
max，确定吸波网结构的金属网的网孔边长；式中，a为网孔的边长，n为系数，λ
max为天线最大工作频率对应的波长。
步骤103，根据网孔边长，按照散射场最大值不超过发射场最大值的占比为β控制的原则，确定吸波网结构的金属网的层数。
具体包括：
根据网孔边长，按照散射场最大值不超过发射场最大值的占比为β控制的原则，利用公式
确定吸波网结构的金属网的层数；式中，N为层数，β为散射场最大值占发射场最大值的最大比例，θ为天线最大倾角，λ为天线工作频率对应的波长，πθ为天线倾斜后最大散射场占发射场的比例，a为网孔的边长，ceil( )为向上取整函数。
按照上述确定方法，如果天线工作在3.5GHz，其波长约为8.56cm， 则网孔的边长取为0.5m。此时天线的对角线长度一般大于网孔的20倍，因此金属网面积可以为5m×5m，固定在天线后的杆塔上，天线置于金属网中心前方。
考虑环境外力影响，天线最大倾角可达10°(0.1745弧度)。单层金属网吸收效果为：5％。
在控制旁瓣场强不超过主瓣的2％情况下，需要金属网2层。
本发明基于对铁塔进行设计，在天线倾角变化时，电磁波不会发生较强的散射的思想，提出了一种吸波材料，并考虑到天线工作频点少(以5G天线为例，主要工作在2.6G、3.5G、4.9G三个频段)，按照工作频点设计吸波材料结构。同时考虑到吸波材料需要装设在铁塔上，综合考虑悬挂重量和风阻，选择轻便的透风结构，降低了铁塔对电磁波的散射。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处。综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。
Claims (10)
- 一种用于安装5G天线的共享铁塔吸波网结构，其特征在于，所述吸波网结构设置在天线后侧的铁塔上，所述吸波网结构包括：从上至下依次交错布置的多层金属网；所述金属网为方形结构；所述金属网的网孔为正方形。
- 根据权利要求1所述的用于安装5G天线的共享铁塔吸波网结构，其特征在于，所述金属网的边长确定过程为：获取天线最小工作频率对应波长的20倍和天线对角线长度的5倍中的最大值；判断所述最大值是否大于天线架设位置处杆塔的截面边长，获得判断结果；若所述判断结果表示是，则所述金属网为矩形结构，所述矩形结构的短边边长等于天线架设位置处杆塔的截面边长，所述矩形结构的长边边长等于所述最大值；若所述判断结果表示否，则所述金属网为正方形结构，所述正方形结构的边长等于所述最大值。
- 根据权利要求1所述的用于安装5G天线的共享铁塔吸波网结构，其特征在于，所述网孔的边长为a＝n·λ max式中，a为网孔的边长，n为系数，λ max为天线最大工作频率对应的波长。
- 根据权利要求1所述的用于安装5G天线的共享铁塔吸波网结构，其特征在于，所述金属网的层数为
式中，N为层数，β为散射场最大值占发射场最大值的最大比例，θ为天线最大倾角，λ为天线工作频率对应的波长，πθ为天线倾斜后最大散射场占发射场的比例，a为网孔的边长，ceil()为向上取整函数。 - 根据权利要求1所述的用于安装5G天线的共享铁塔吸波网结构， 其特征在于，所述金属网为相对磁导率大于或等于600的铁丝，所述铁丝的半径取值范围为0.1±0.02mm。
- 根据权利要求1所述的用于安装5G天线的共享铁塔吸波网结构，其特征在于，所述金属网表面涂敷绝缘材料，所述绝缘材料的厚度小于或等于0.02mm。
- 一种用于安装5G天线的共享铁塔吸波网结构的几何尺寸确定方法，其特征在于，所述确定方法应用于权利要求1-6任一项所述的用于安装5G天线的铁塔吸波网结构，所述方法包括：根据天线的最小工作频率，确定所述吸波网结构的金属网的边长；根据天线的最大工作频率，确定所述吸波网结构的金属网的网孔边长；根据所述网孔边长，按照散射场最大值不超过发射场最大值的占比为β控制的原则，确定所述吸波网结构的金属网的层数。
- 根据权利要求7所述的用于安装5G天线的共享铁塔吸波网结构的几何尺寸确定方法，其特征在于，所述根据天线的最小工作频率，确定所述吸波网结构的金属网的边长，具体包括：获取天线最小工作频率对应波长的20倍和天线对角线长度的5倍中的最大值；判断所述最大值是否大于天线架设位置处杆塔的截面边长，获得判断结果；若所述判断结果表示是，则所述金属网为矩形结构，所述矩形结构的短边边长等于天线架设位置处杆塔的截面边长，所述矩形结构的长边边长等于所述最大值；若所述判断结果表示否，则所述金属网为正方形结构，所述正方形结构的边长等于所述最大值。
- 根据权利要求7所述的用于安装5G天线的共享铁塔吸波网结构的几何尺寸确定方法，其特征在于，所述根据天线的最大工作频率，确定所述吸波网结构的金属网的网孔边长，具体包括：根据天线的最大工作频率，利用公式a＝n·λ max，确定所述吸波网结构的金属网的网孔边长；式中，a为网孔的边长，n为系数，λ max为天线最大工作频率对应的波长。
- 根据权利要求7所述的用于安装5G天线的共享铁塔吸波网结构的几何尺寸确定方法，其特征在于，根据所述网孔边长，按照散射场最大值不超过发射场最大值的占比为β控制的原则，确定所述吸波网结构的金属网的层数，具体包括：根据所述网孔边长，按照散射场最大值不超过发射场最大值的占比为β控制的原则，利用公式确定所述吸波网结构的金属网的层数；
式中，N为层数，β为散射场最大值占发射场最大值的最大比例，θ为天线最大倾角，λ为天线工作频率对应的波长，πθ为天线倾斜后最大散射场占发射场的比例，a为网孔的边长，ceil()为向上取整函数。
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| JP2003064798A (ja) * | 2001-08-23 | 2003-03-05 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | 電波吸収格子 |
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| KR20180134034A (ko) * | 2017-06-08 | 2018-12-18 | 충북대학교 산학협력단 | 스크린 인쇄공정으로 제조된 그리드 전도막 전자기 노이즈 흡수체의 제조방법 |
| CN114421179A (zh) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-04-29 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | 用于安装5g天线的铁塔吸波网结构及几何尺寸确定方法 |
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| CN114421179A (zh) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-04-29 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | 用于安装5g天线的铁塔吸波网结构及几何尺寸确定方法 |
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