WO2023098193A1 - 三电平控制电路、功率变换装置及其控制方法 - Google Patents

三电平控制电路、功率变换装置及其控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023098193A1
WO2023098193A1 PCT/CN2022/116512 CN2022116512W WO2023098193A1 WO 2023098193 A1 WO2023098193 A1 WO 2023098193A1 CN 2022116512 W CN2022116512 W CN 2022116512W WO 2023098193 A1 WO2023098193 A1 WO 2023098193A1
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Prior art keywords
capacitor
conversion
control circuit
branches
level control
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PCT/CN2022/116512
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王越天
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上海安世博能源科技有限公司
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Priority to US18/579,327 priority Critical patent/US20240339941A1/en
Publication of WO2023098193A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023098193A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/79—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/797—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0043—Converters switched with a phase shift, i.e. interleaved
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4216—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input operating from a three-phase input voltage

Definitions

  • the application relates to the field of automobile batteries, in particular to a three-level control circuit, a power conversion device and a control method.
  • the application provides a three-level control circuit, A power conversion device and a control method, wherein the three-phase control circuit includes two first main lines and two second main lines between the three-phase port and the two-phase terminal;
  • the first main line includes a plurality of first conversion branches
  • the second main line includes two capacitor branches and a plurality of second conversion branches, and the first conversion branch and the second conversion branch
  • the circuits are interleavedly connected by inverter interleaving technology; each of the capacitor branches is connected in series with a third capacitor and a fourth capacitor, and each of the first main circuit's multiple first conversion branches are respectively connected to the corresponding The capacitor branch and the access point are located between the third capacitor and the fourth capacitor.
  • the three-level control circuit further includes a capacitor circuit, and the capacitor circuit includes a first capacitor and a second capacitor; the three-phase port includes a first AC port, a second AC port and a third AC port; the two-phase terminals include a first direct current DC terminal and a second DC terminal; the first capacitor and the second capacitor are coupled between the first AC port and the third AC port, and There is an intermediate node between the first capacitor and the second capacitor, the second AC port is respectively connected to the capacitor branch through the intermediate node, and the connection point is located at the first capacitor branch of each capacitor Between the third capacitor and the fourth capacitor.
  • one end of the multiple first conversion branches is connected in parallel to the first main line through an inductance coil; a plurality of the second conversion branches are connected in parallel with the capacitor branch to the between the first DC terminal and the second DC terminal; wherein the first conversion branch corresponds to the second conversion branch one by one.
  • the three-level control circuit is a T-type three-level control circuit, a PFC three-level control circuit or an I-type three-level control circuit.
  • the three-level control circuit is a T-type three-level control circuit
  • at least two controllable semiconductor devices are connected in series on each of the first transformation branches, and each of the first transformation branches
  • At least two controllable semiconductor devices are connected in series on the two transformation branches; the first transformation branch and the second transformation branch are connected in one-to-one correspondence to form a junction node, and the junction node is located in the second transformation branch between the controllable semiconductor devices connected in series on the road.
  • a power conversion device the device includes the aforementioned three-level control circuit and a control module, one end of the control module is connected to the respective second A conversion branch, and the connection point is located between the first main line and the first conversion branch; the other end is connected to the first capacitor, the second capacitor, the third capacitor and the fourth capacitor.
  • a control method applied to the above-mentioned power conversion device is also provided, the control module outputs a plurality of the first conversion branches for each of the first main lines according to the voltage loop The same current reference value is provided, and the current of each first conversion branch is equalized through closed-loop regulation.
  • the voltage loop of the power conversion device is the DC side voltage during the charging process, and the voltage loop is the AC side voltage during the discharging process; wherein the DC side voltage is equal to the first The sum of the three capacitors and the fourth capacitor; the AC side voltage is equal to the sum of the first capacitor and the second capacitor.
  • the degree difference between the inverters of each of the first conversion branch and the second conversion branch is 360/N, where N is the first main line The number of first transformation branches on the road.
  • the driving levels of the inverters of each of the second conversion branches are the same.
  • the three-level control circuit, power conversion device and control method provided by this application reduce the switching loss of the switching device, and the conversion efficiency is higher, and the application of the multi-channel inverter interleaving technology also reduces the ripple and volume of the filter device , effectively reducing the actual application cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a topology structure of a three-level control circuit in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a topological structure of an insulated gate bipolar transistor in the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a topology structure of a three-level control circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of a topology structure of a PFC three-level control circuit in the prior art
  • 4B is a schematic diagram of the topology of the PFC three-level control circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4C is a schematic diagram of the topology of an I-type three-level control circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between a control module and a three-level control circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the control principle of the control module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a control logic schematic diagram of a control method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the grid-side structure is mostly two-phase three-wire system, that is, L1, L2, and N three-wire system; when this structure is charging and grid-connected, N There is no current on the line, L1 and L2 bear all the current; when off-grid, in order to provide single-phase power to the electrical equipment, N can output voltage independently, the specific topology can refer to Figure 2;
  • the volume is relatively large, and it is difficult to reduce the inductance in high-power applications, and the way of introducing wide bandgap devices will lead to the problem of increasing the cost of the converter.
  • the present application provides a three-level control circuit, which includes two first main lines and two second main lines between the three-phase port and the two-phase terminal of the three-level control circuit;
  • the first main line includes a plurality of first conversion branches
  • the second main line includes two capacitor branches and a plurality of second conversion branches, and the first conversion branch and the second conversion branch pass through
  • the inverters are interleaved by interleaving technology; each of the capacitor branches is connected in series with a third capacitor and a fourth capacitor, and each of the first main lines has a plurality of the first conversion branches respectively connected to the corresponding
  • the capacitor branch and the access point are located between the third capacitor and the fourth capacitor.
  • the number of inverters is increased by using the three-way three-level interleaved parallel connection, and the switching loss of the switching device is effectively reduced, and the conversion efficiency is higher; at the same time, the ripple of the filter device is reduced, making the volume of the filter Reduced adaptability.
  • the three-level control circuit may further include a capacitor circuit, and the capacitor circuit includes a first capacitor and a second capacitor; the three-phase port includes a first AC port, a second AC port, and a third AC port;
  • the two-phase terminals include a first DC terminal and a second DC terminal; the first capacitor and the second capacitor are coupled between a first AC port and a third AC port, and the first capacitor and the There is an intermediate node between the second capacitors, the second AC port is respectively connected to the capacitor branch through the intermediate node, and the connection point is located between the third capacitor and the fourth capacitor of each capacitor branch between.
  • the specific way of interleaving the above-mentioned inverter interleaving technology is as follows: one end of a plurality of the first transformation branches is connected in parallel to the first main line through an inductance coil; The second conversion branch and the capacitance branch are connected in parallel between the first DC terminal and the second DC terminal; wherein the first conversion branch corresponds to the second conversion branch one by one ;
  • the specific structure will be described in detail in the subsequent embodiments, and will not be described in detail here.
  • the three-level control circuit can be a three-level control circuit such as a T-type three-level control circuit or a PFC three-level control circuit or an I-type three-level control circuit;
  • the application of the control circuit can reduce the switching loss of the switching device, and at the same time, the conversion efficiency is high.
  • the three-level control circuit is a T-type three-level control circuit
  • at least two controllable semiconductors are connected in series on each of the first conversion branches.
  • devices at least two controllable semiconductor devices are connected in series on each of the second conversion branches; the first conversion branch and the second conversion branch are connected in one-to-one correspondence to form a junction node, and the junction node It is located between the controllable semiconductor devices connected in series on the second conversion branch.
  • an inductor is connected in series between the first conversion branch and the first main line.
  • connection structure of the above-mentioned three-level control circuit when applying the inverter interleaving technology please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 below, taking the T-type three-level control circuit as an example for the inverter
  • the structure of the interleaved connection of the transformer interleaved technology is given as an example.
  • the first AC port, the second AC port, and the third AC port are L1, N, and L2 in the three-phase port
  • the first capacitor and the second capacitor are Cap1 and Cap2, respectively
  • the third capacitor and The fourth capacitors are C BH and C BL respectively
  • the two first main lines and the two second main lines are coupled between the three-phase ports L1, N, L2 and the two-phase terminals DC+, DC-
  • one of the first A main line is drawn out from L1
  • three parallel-connected first conversion branches are drawn out after the capacitive circuit and its intersection (that is, S2A1 and S3A1 respectively connected in series with three inductance coils, and S2A2 and S3A2, and S2A3 and S3A3
  • the three first conversion branches are all connected to the capacitor branch with C BH and C BL in series
  • the other first main line drawn from L2 is similar to the aforementioned structure
  • one of the second main lines The lines are respectively drawn from the two-phase terminal DC+, and then the
  • the multi-channel interleaving technology cited in this application lies in that the first main line drawn from the first AC port L1 and the third AC port L2 is connected to the first capacitor Cap1 After the intersection point of the second capacitor Cap2 and the first main line, three first conversion branches are respectively drawn out through three inductance coils, and inverters S2A1, S2A2, S2A3, S3A1, S3A2, S3A3, S2B1, S2B2, S2B3, S3B1, S3B2, S3B3, and then extend and connect to the capacitor branch formed by the third capacitor Cap1 and the fourth capacitor Cap2; and from the first DC terminal DC+ and the second DC terminal DC-
  • the second main line drawn out leads to three second conversion branches respectively after the capacitor branch, and inverters S1A1, S1A2, S1A3, S4A1, S4A2, S4A3, S1B1, S1B2, S1B3, S4B1, S4B2, S4B3;
  • the interleaved structure formed by the above-mentioned first conversion branch and the second conversion branch can be equivalent to a conversion module, for example: the above-mentioned three-level control circuit can include the first capacitance circuit (Cap1 and Cap2), Two capacitor bypasses (C BH and C BL ), a first level circuit and a second level circuit (respectively two first main lines drawn from L1 and L2), the first level circuit includes a plurality of second A transformation module (i.e.
  • each first transformation module includes four ports, namely the first port, the second port, the third port and the fourth port, A plurality of first transformation modules are interleaved and connected in parallel, the first ports of all first transformation modules are connected to the first AC port L1, the second ports of each first transformation module are connected to the first DC port DC+, and the The third ports are all connected to the second DC port DC-, and the fourth port of each first conversion module is connected between the third capacitor C BH and the fourth capacitor C BL in the first capacitor bypass;
  • the second level circuit includes a plurality of second transformation modules, and each second transformation module includes four ports, that is, a first port, a second port, a third port, and a fourth port, and the plurality of second transformation modules Interleaved parallel connection, the first port of each second conversion module is connected to the third AC port L2, the second port of each second conversion module is connected to the first DC port DC+, and the third port of each second conversion module is connected to Connect the second DC port DC-, the fourth port of each second conversion module is connected between the third capacitor C BH and the fourth capacitor C BL in the first capacitor bypass; the first capacitor circuit (Cap1 and Cap2) is connected Coupled between the first AC port L1 and the third AC port L2, two capacitive shunts (C BH and C BL ) are respectively coupled between the first DC port DC+ and the second DC port DC ⁇ .
  • each second transformation module includes four ports, that is, a first port, a second port, a third port, and a fourth port, and the plurality of second transformation modules
  • the three-level control circuit may also be a three-level control circuit such as a PFC three-level control circuit or an I-type three-level control circuit; when the three-level control circuit is a PFC three-level control circuit
  • the first AC port, the second AC port, and the third AC port are also reserved as L1, N, and L2 in the three-phase port.
  • the first capacitor and the second capacitor are respectively Cap1 and Cap2
  • the third capacitor and the fourth capacitor are respectively C BH and C BL
  • the main line of the internal series or parallel inverter can be divided into multiple conversion branches for interleaved parallel connection.
  • each first conversion module includes: an inductor and four inverters , that is, the first inductor, the first inverter, the second inverter, the third inverter, and the fourth inverter, the first port of the first inductor is the first port of the first conversion module, and the first inductor
  • the second port of the first inverter is respectively connected to the first port of the first inverter, the first port of the second inverter, and the first port of the third inverter, and the second port of the first inverter is the first conversion module
  • the second port of the second inverter is the third port of the first conversion module, the second port of the third inverter is connected to the first port of the fourth inverter, and the The second port is the fourth port of the first conversion module;
  • each second conversion module includes: an inductor and four inverters, and
  • each first conversion module when the three-level control circuit is an I-type three-level control circuit, each first conversion module includes: an inductor, six inverters, that is, the first inductor, the second An inverter, a second inverter, a third inverter, a fourth inverter, a fifth inverter, and a sixth inverter, each second conversion module includes: an inductor, six inverters
  • each second conversion module includes: an inductor, six inverters
  • FIG. 4C The difference between it and the PFC three-level control circuit is that the diodes are replaced with corresponding inverters.
  • the overall connection structure is similar to that in FIG. 4B , and will not be described in detail here.
  • the three-level control circuit provided by this application can reduce the ripple characteristics of the filter device by using the interleaved parallel connection while maintaining the advantages of the three-level control circuit, so that the volume of the filter can be reduced.
  • the adaptability is reduced, so as to reduce the hardware cost while ensuring the reduction of the switching loss of the switching device and improving the conversion efficiency.
  • the second AC port in the grid-side structure may not be available. Therefore, in an embodiment of the present application, the second AC port and the intermediate A controllable switch is connected in series between the nodes.
  • the three-level control circuit provided by the present application can output two independent loads in the inverter mode, so as to meet the requirements of the low-voltage power grids in these regions or countries. Therefore, based on the above structure, it can be determined whether to close the controllable switch according to the actual situation of household power supply or the power supply mode of the area where the controllable switch is located. detail.
  • a control method applied to the above-mentioned power conversion device is provided, by connecting the first conversion branches of the two first main lines respectively, and the connection point is located at the The control module between the first main line and the first transformation branch provides the same current reference value for multiple first transformation branches of each first main line according to the voltage loop output, so that each of the first transformation branches A conversion branch current sharing.
  • the voltage loop of the power conversion device is the DC side voltage during the charging process, and the voltage loop is the AC side voltage during the discharging process; wherein, the DC side voltage is equal to the third capacitor and the The sum of the fourth capacitance; the AC side voltage is equal to the sum of the first capacitance and the second capacitance.
  • the control module can switch the controllable switch S1 according to the received control parameters or other control signals.
  • the control module is respectively connected to the first conversion branches It provides a current reference value, wherein, the inductance control of the three first conversion branches in the L1 branch uses the same current reference value, and achieves the purpose of current sharing through closed-loop adjustment.
  • the control method of L2 is similar, and the reference value of the inductor current is generated by the output of the voltage loop. Its control block diagram can be referred to as shown in Figure 6.
  • the control module outputs a unified current reference value, and the sampling current of each first conversion branch is compared with the inductor current reference value to determine the inductor current adjustment parameter.
  • the comparison result of the adjustment parameters determines the duty cycle of each first conversion branch; wherein the grid voltage feedback is determined by the first capacitor, the second capacitor, the third capacitor and the fourth capacitor, for example, in the charging mode, the voltage loop is DC side voltage (sum of C BH and C BL voltage) sampling and target voltage closed loop; in discharge mode, voltage loop is AC side voltage (CAP1, CAP2 voltage) sampling and target voltage closed loop.
  • the degree difference between the inverters of each of the first conversion branch and the second conversion branch is 360/N under the high-frequency working state, where N is a positive integer. Further, in the low-frequency working state, the driving levels are the same.
  • S3Ai is the supervisor
  • S4Ai is the freewheeling tube
  • S2Ai is high level
  • S1Ai is low level.
  • the difference between the driving pulses of S1A1, S1A2, and S1A3 is 120 degrees; in the low-frequency working state, the driving pulses of S1A1, S1A2, and S1A3 are both high or low.
  • the power conversion device and control method provided by this application reduce the switching loss of the switching device, and the conversion efficiency is higher, and the application of the multi-channel inverter interleaving technology also reduces the ripple and volume of the filter device, which effectively reduces the practical application cost. cost.
  • orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms “upper”, “lower”, etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must Having a particular orientation, being constructed and operating in a particular orientation, and therefore not to be construed as limiting the application.
  • connection should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection, It can also be an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediary, or an internal communication between two components.
  • connection should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection, It can also be an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediary, or an internal communication between two components.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种三电平控制电路、功率变换装置及其控制方法，所述三电平控制电路三相端口与两相端子之间包含两条第一主线路和两条第二主线路；所述第一主线路包含多条第一变换支路，所述第二主线路包含两条电容支路和多条第二变换支路，所述第一变换支路和所述第二变换支路通过逆变器交错技术交错连接；每个所述电容支路上均串联有第三电容和第四电容，每个所述第一主线路的多个所述第一变换支路分别接入对应所述电容支路且接入点位于所述第三电容和所述第四电容之间。

Description

三电平控制电路、功率变换装置及其控制方法 技术领域
本申请涉及汽车电池领域，尤指一种三电平控制电路、功率变换装置及控制方法。
背景技术
随着新能源汽车的普及，对家用直流充电桩的需求越来越多，充电桩功率的要求越来越大。将汽车配备的蓄电池用作住宅电源的趋势正在加速，因此双向变换器的研究越来越多，通过利用该装置，不仅可将电动汽车用作应急电源，而且如果利用得好，还有助于节约电费；在电网电费比较便宜的时候，可以给电动车充电，因灾害等原因造成停电的时候可以作为应急电源供给家用电器，同时在电价比较高的时段能够并网发电；因此变换器的效率越高，价格越便宜，用户获得的好处就会越多，并网电流与应急电源的质量越好，对电网的污染及用电设备的损害越小。
可参考图1所示的市场上比较常用的功率模块可知，其应用于大电流双向变换器，功率提升通过封装更大的器件实现，虽然这一方案比较简洁，控制简单，但是模块成本较高，功率越大导致纹波电流越大，引起滤波器体积变高。
发明内容
为克服现有技术中家用充电模块存在的至少一种缺陷，提供一种能够克服大功率提升和转换效率问题，且成本较低的功率转换电路；本申请提供了一种三电平控制电路、功率变换装置及控制方法，其中，所述三电平控制电路的三相端口与两相端子之间包含两条第一主线路和两条第二主线路；
所述第一主线路包含多条第一变换支路，所述第二主线路包含两条电容支路和多条第二变换支路，所述第一变换支路和所述第二变换支路通过逆变器交错技术交错连接；每个所述电容支路上均串联有第三电容和第四电容，每个所述第一主线路的多个所述第一变换支路分别接入对应所述电容支路且接入点位于所述第三电容和所述第四电容之间。
在本申请一实施例中，所述三电平控制电路还包含电容电路，所述电容电路包含第一电容和第二电容；所述三相端口包含第一交流AC端口、第二AC端口和第三AC端口；所述两相端子包含第一直流DC端子和第二DC端子；所述第一电容和所述第二电容被耦合在第一AC端口和第三AC端口之间，且所述第一电容和所述第二电容之间具有一中间节点，所述第二AC端口通过所述中间节点分别与所述电容支路相连，且连接点位于各所述电容支路的第三电容与第四电容之间。
在本申请一实施例中，多个所述第一变换支路一端通过电感线圈并联接入所述第一主线路；多个所述第二变换支路与所述电容支路并联接入所述第一DC端子和所述第二DC端子之间；其中所述第一变换支路与所述第二变换支路一一对应。
在本申请一实施例中，所述三电平控制电路为T型三电平控制电路或PFC三电平控制电路或I型三电平控制电路。
在本申请一实施例中，当所述三电平控制电路为T型三电平控制电路时，每条所述第一变换支路上串联有至少两个可控半导体器件，每条所述第二变换支路上串联有至少两个可控半导体器件；所述第一变换支路和所述第二变换支路一一对应交汇形成一交汇节点，且所述交汇节点位于所述第二变换支路上串联的所述可控半导体器件之间。
在本申请一实施例中，还提供一种功率变换装置，所述装置包含前述的三电平控制电路和控制模块，所述控制模块一端连接两条所述第一主线路各自的所述第一变换支路，且所述连接点位于所述第一主线路与所述第一变换支路之间；另一端连接第一电容、第二电容、第三电容和第四电容。
在本申请一实施例中，还提供一种应用于上述的功率变换装置的控制方法，所述控制模块根据电压环输出为每条所述第一主线路的多个所述第一变换支路提供同一电流参考值，通过闭环调节使各第一变换支路均流。
在本申请一实施例中，所述功率变换装置在充电过程中所述电压环为直流侧电压，在放电过程中所述电压环为交流侧电压；其中，所述直流侧电压等于所述第三电容和所述第四电容之和；所述交流侧电压等于所述第一电容和所述第二电容之和。
在本申请一实施例中，高频工作状态下所述第一变换支路和所述第二变换支路中每一路的逆变器之间度数相差360/N，N为所述第一主线路上的第一变换支路数量。
在本申请一实施例中，低频工作状态下，所述第二变换支路中每一路的逆变器的驱动电平相同。
本申请所提供的三电平控制电路、功率变换装置及控制方法减小开关器件的开关损耗，转换效率更高，且多路逆变器交错技术的应用，也减少滤波器件的纹波和体积，有效降低了实际应用成本。
为让本申请的上述和其他目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂，下文特举较佳实施例，并配合所附图式，作详细说明如下。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为现有技术中三电平控制电路的拓扑结构示意图；
图2为现有技术中绝缘栅双极晶体管的拓扑结构示意图；
图3为本申请一实施例所提供的三电平控制电路的拓扑结构示意图；
图4A为现有技术中PFC三电平控制电路的拓扑结构示意图；
图4B为本申请一实施例所提供的PFC三电平控制电路的拓扑结构示意图；
图4C为本申请一实施例所提供的I型三电平控制电路的拓扑结构示意图；
图5为本申请一实施例所提供的控制模块与三电平控制电路的连接结构示意图；
图6为本申请一实施例所提供的控制模块的控制原理示意图；
图7为本申请一实施例所提供的控制方法的控制逻辑示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
参照后文的说明和附图，详细公开了本申请的特定实施方式，指明了本申请的原理可以被采用的方式。应该理解，本申请的实施方式在范围上并不因而受到限制。在所附权利要求的精神和条款的范围内，本申请的实施方式包括许多改变、修改和等同。
针对一种实施方式描述和/或示出的特征可以以相同或类似的方式在一个或更多个其它实施方式中使用，与其它实施方式中的特征相组合，或替代其它实施方式中的特征。
应该强调，术语“包括/包含”在本文使用时指特征、整件、步骤或组件的存在，但并不排除一个或更多个其它特征、整件、步骤或组件的存在或附加。
现今部分国家的家用供电多为低压单相电，为此，对于双向应用场合，其网侧结构多为两相三线制，即L1，L2，N三线；该结构在充电与并网时，N线无电流，L1，L2承担所有电流；离网时，为了给用电设备提供单相电，N可以独立输出电压，具体拓扑 结构可参考图2所示；该拓扑结构中因存在滤波器的体积比较大，在大功率应用场合电感很难变小，而引入宽禁带器件的方式又会导致变换器的成本增加的问题。
有鉴于此，本申请提供了一种三电平控制电路，所述三电平控制电路的三相端口与两相端子之间包含两条第一主线路和两条第二主线路；所述第一主线路包含多条第一变换支路，所述第二主线路包含两条电容支路和多条第二变换支路，所述第一变换支路和所述第二变换支路通过逆变器交错技术交错连接；每个所述电容支路上均串联有第三电容和第四电容，每个所述第一主线路的多个所述第一变换支路分别接入对应所述电容支路且接入点位于所述第三电容和所述第四电容之间。
以此，利用三路三电平交错并联的方式增加了逆变器的数量，且有效减少开关器件的开关损耗，转换效率更高；同时，减少了滤波器件的纹波，使得滤波器的体积可适应性减小。
进一步的，所述三电平控制电路还可包含电容电路，所述电容电路包含第一电容和第二电容；所述三相端口包含第一AC端口、第二AC端口和第三AC端口；所述两相端子包含第一DC端子和第二DC端子；所述第一电容和所述第二电容被耦合在第一AC端口和第三AC端口之间，且所述第一电容和所述第二电容之间具有一中间节点，所述第二AC端口通过所述中间节点分别与所述电容支路相连，且连接点位于各所述电容支路的第三电容与第四电容之间。进一步的，在本申请一实施例中，上述逆变器交错技术交错连接的具体方式在于：多个所述第一变换支路一端通过电感线圈并联接入所述第一主线路；多个所述第二变换支路与所述电容支路并联接入所述第一DC端子和所述第二DC端子之间；其中所述第一变换支路与所述第二变换支路一一对应；具体结构将在后续实施例中详细说明，在此就不再一一详述。在实际工作中，所述三电平控制电路可为T型三电平控制电路或PFC三电平控制电路或I型三电平控制电路等三电平控制电路；以此，基于三电平控制电路的应用可减少开关器件的开关损耗，同时转换效率较高。
请参考图3所示，在本申请一实施例中，当所述三电平控制电路为T型三电平控制电路时，每条所述第一变换支路上串联有至少两个可控半导体器件，每条所述第二变换支路上串联有至少两个可控半导体器件；所述第一变换支路和所述第二变换支路一一对应交汇形成一交汇节点，且所述交汇节点位于所述第二变换支路上串联的所述可控半导体器件之间。进一步的，所述第一变换支路与所述第一主线路之间串联有电感。
具体的，为便于更清楚解释上述三电平控制电路在应用逆变器交错技术时的连接结构，以下请参考图2和图3所示，以T型三电平控制电路为例对该逆变器交错技术交错连接的结构做实例性说明。
如图3所示，第一AC端口、第二AC端口和第三AC端口即为三相端口中的L1、N、L2，第一电容和第二电容分别为Cap1和Cap2，第三电容和第四电容分别为C BH和C BL；两条第一主线路和两条第二主线路就耦合在三相端口L1、N、L2和两相端子DC+、DC-之间；其中，一条第一主线路从L1被引出，其后在电容电路与其交汇点之后分别引出三条并联的第一变换支路(即与三个电感线圈分别串联的S2A1和S3A1，以及S2A2和S3A2，以及S2A3和S3A3这三条变换支路)，三条第一变换支路均接入串联有C BH与C BL的所述电容支路；另一条从L2引出的第一主线路与前述结构类似；其中一条第二主线路分别从两相端子DC+引出，其后引出并联的电容支路和三条第二变换支路(即与三个电感线圈分别串联的S1A3和S4A3，以及S1A2和S4A2，以及S1A1和S4A1这三条变换支路)，同理，另一条从两相端子DC-引出的第二主线路与DC+引出的第二主线路结构类似；第二AC端口N引出线路穿过第一电容Cap1和第二电容Cap2之间的中间节点后分别接入两条第二主线路上的电容支路。以此，对比图2所示的三电平电路可知，本申请所引用的多路交错技术就在于：从第一AC端口L1和第三AC端口L2引出的第一主线路在第一电容Cap1和第二电容Cap2与第一主线路交汇点后通过三个电感线圈分别引出三条第一变换支路，该些第一变换支路上分别串联有逆变器S2A1、S2A2、S2A3、S3A1、S3A2、S3A3、S2B1、S2B2、S2B3、S3B1、S3B2、S3B3，其后延伸接入第三电容Cap1和第四电容Cap2构建的所述电容支路上；而从第一DC端子DC+和第二DC端子DC—引出的第二主线路在与所述电容支路之后分别引出三条第二变换支路，该些第二换支路上分别串联有逆变器S1A1、S1A2、S1A3、S4A1、S4A2、S4A3、S1B1、S1B2、S1B3、S4B1、S4B2、S4B3；其中，串联逆变器S2A1和S3A1的第一变换支路和第二变换支路的交汇节点位于第二变换支路S1A1和S4A1之间，串联逆变器S2A2和S3A2的第一变换支路和第二变换支路的交汇节点位于第二变换支路S1A2和S4A2之间，串联逆变器S2A3和S3A3的第一变换支路和第二变换支路的交汇节点位于第二变换支路S1A3和S4A3之间，由此，各第一变换支路与各第二变换支路一一对应完成交汇，从而构成逆变器交错结构。
在整体原理上，上述第一变换支路和第二变换支路所构成的交错架构可等效为一个变换模块，例如：上述三电平控制电路可包括第一电容电路(Cap1和Cap2)、两个电 容旁路(C BH与C BL)、第一电平电路和第二电平电路(分别为从L1和L2引出的两条第一主线路)，第一电平电路包括多个第一变换模块(即第一变换支路和第二变换支路构成的交错结构)，每个第一变换模块包括四个端口，即第一端口、第二端口、第三端口以及第四端口，多个第一变换模块交错并联，所有第一变换模块的第一端口连接第一AC端口L1，每个第一变换模块的第二端口均连接第一DC端口DC+，每个第一变换模块的第三端口均连接第二DC端口DC-，每个第一变换模块的第四端口均连接第一电容旁路中第三电容C BH和第四电容C BL之间；
同理，第二电平电路包括多个第二变换模块，每个第二变换模块包括四个端口，即第一端口、第二端口、第三端口以及第四端口，多个第二变换模块交错并联，每个第二变换模块的第一端口均连接第三AC端口L2，每个第二变换模块的第二端口均连接第一DC端口DC+，每个第二变换模块的第三端口均连接第二DC端口DC-，每个第二变换模块的第四端口均连接第一电容旁路中第三电容C BH和第四电容C BL之间；第一电容电路(Cap1和Cap2)被耦合在第一AC端口L1和第三AC端口L2之间，两个电容旁路(C BH与C BL)分别耦合在第一DC端口DC+和第二DC端口DC-之间。
在本申请一实施例中，所述三电平控制电路也可为PFC三电平控制电路或I型三电平控制电路等三电平控制电路；当所述三电平控制电路为PFC三电平控制电路或I型三电平控制电路等三电平控制电路时，同样保留第一AC端口、第二AC端口和第三AC端口即为三相端口中的L1、N、L2，第一电容和第二电容分别为Cap1和Cap2，第三电容和第四电容分别为C BH和C BL，及第一电容、第二电容第三电容和第四电容之间的连接关系，对于其内串联或并联逆变器的主线路均可分处多条变换支路进行交错并联。
为便于描述其连接方式及原理，可结合参考前述实施例可知，当三电平控制电路为T型三电平控制电路时，每个第一变换模块均包括：一电感和四个逆变器，即第一电感、第一逆变器、第二逆变器、第三逆变器、第四逆变器，第一电感的第一端口为第一变换模块的第一端口，第一电感的第二端口分别连接第一逆变器的第一端口、第二逆变器的第一端口、第三逆变器的第一端口，第一逆变器的第二端口为第一变换模块的第二端口，第二逆变器的第二端口为第一变换模块的第三端口，第三逆变器的第二端口连接第四逆变器的第一端口，第四逆变器的第二端口为第一变换模块的第四端口；每个第二变换模块均包含：一电感和四个逆变器，每个第二变换模块内部元器件的连接结构与第一变换模块相同；而当三电平控制电路为PFC三电平控制电路时，则每个第一变换模块均包括：一电感、四个逆变器和二个二极管，即第一电感、第一逆变器、第二逆变器、第三逆变 器、第四逆变器、第一二极管和第二二极管，每个第二变换模块均包含：一电感、四个逆变器和两个二极管；具体可参考图4A和图4B所示，其中，Q1至Q3则为第一电平电路包含的多个第一变换模块；Q4至Q6则为第二电平电路包含的多个第二变换模块，各第一变换模块和各第二变换模块的连接关系可如前述图3的连接原理一样，完成多路交错并联。
在本申请的一种实施例中，当三电平控制电路为I型三电平控制电路时，每个第一变换模块均包括：一电感、六个逆变器，即第一电感、第一逆变器、第二逆变器、第三逆变器、第四逆变器、第五逆变器、第六逆变器，每个第二变换模块均包含：一个电感、六个逆变器；具体可参考图4C所示，其与PFC三电平控制电路的差异在于二极管均替换为对应的逆变器，整体连接结构与图4B类似，在此就不再一一详述。
由此，本申请所提供的三电平控制电路可在保持三电平控制电路的优势的情况下，利用交错并联所带来的减少了滤波器件的纹波特性，使得滤波器的体积可适应性减小，从而达到在保证减少开关器件的开关损耗，和提高转换效率的同时，降低硬件成本。
鉴于部分地区或国家的家用供电存在差异，对于双向应用场合，其网侧结构中的第二AC端口可能无法使用，为此，本申请一实施例中，所述第二AC端口与所述中间节点之间串联有一可控开关。当所述可控开关闭合式，所述本申请所提供的三电平控制电路在逆变模式下可输出互相独立的两路负载，从而满足该些地区或国家低压电网的需求。以此，基于上述结构，可根据家用供电的实际情况或所处地区的供电方式确定是否闭合该可控开关，该可控开关的控制方式可采用现有技术实现，在此就不再一一详述。
在本申请一实施例中，提供一种应用于上述功率变换装置的控制方法，通过分别连接两条所述第一主线路各自的所述第一变换支路，且所述连接点位于所述第一主线路与所述第一变换支路之间的控制模块，根据电压环输出为每条所述第一主线路的多个所述第一变换支路提供同一电流参考值，使各第一变换支路均流。进一步的，所述功率变换装置在充电过程中所述电压环为直流侧电压，在放电过程中所述电压环为交流侧电压；其中，所述直流侧电压等于所述第三电容和所述第四电容之和；所述交流侧电压等于所述第一电容和所述第二电容之和。
具体的，请参考图5所示，控制模块可根据接收到的控制参数或其他控制信号开关可控开关S1，为了保证三路交错线路的电流相等，控制模块分别连接各第一变换支路为其提供电流参考值，其中，L1支路中三条第一变换支路的电感控制使用同一电流参考值，通过闭环调节，达到均流的目的。L2控制方法类似，电感电流参考值由电压环的输出产 生。其控制框图可参考图6所示，控制模块输出统一电流参考值，各第一变换支路的采样电流与所述电感电流参考值比较，确定电感电流调节参数，根据电网电压前馈和电感电流调节参数的比较结果确定各第一变换支路的占空比；其中所述电网电压反馈由第一电容、第二电容、第三电容和第四电容确定，例如在充电模式下，电压环是直流侧电压(C BH与C BL电压之和)采样与目标电压闭环；放电模式下，电压环为交流侧电压(CAP1、CAP2电压)采样与目标电压闭环。
在本申请一实施例中，高频工作状态下所述第一变换支路和所述第二变换支路中每一路的逆变器之间度数相差360/N，N为正整数。进一步的，低频工作状态下，驱动电平相同。具体的，请结合图3和图7所示，上述功率变换装置的控制逻辑如下：S1Ai(i＝1,2,3)与S2Ai互补，S3Ai与S4Ai互补。在整流模式正半周，S1Ai为续流管，S2Ai为主管，S4Ai为低电平，S3Ai为高电平。在整流模式负半周，S3Ai为主管，S4Ai为续流管，S2Ai为高电平，S1Ai为低电平。在高频工作状态下，S1A1，S1A2，S1A3驱动脉冲之间相差120度，低频工作状态下，S1A1，S1A2，S1A3驱动脉冲同为高或者同为低。
本申请所提供的功率变换装置及控制方法减小开关器件的开关损耗，转换效率更高，且多路逆变器交错技术的应用，也减少滤波器件的纹波和体积，有效降低了实际应用成本。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。术语“上”、“下”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域 的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本说明书中的各个实施例均采用递进的方式描述，各个实施例之间相同相似的部分互相参见即可，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处。、在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本说明书实施例的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
本申请中应用了具体实施例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本申请的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本申请的限制。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种三电平控制电路，其特征在于，所述三电平控制电路的三相端口与两相端子之间包含两条第一主线路和两条第二主线路；
    所述第一主线路包含多条第一变换支路，所述第二主线路包含两条电容支路和多条第二变换支路，所述第一变换支路和所述第二变换支路通过逆变器交错技术交错连接；
    每个所述电容支路上均串联有第三电容和第四电容，每个所述第一主线路的多个所述第一变换支路分别接入对应所述电容支路且接入点位于所述第三电容和所述第四电容之间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的三电平控制电路，其特征在于，所述三电平控制电路还包含电容电路，所述电容电路包含第一电容和第二电容；
    所述三相端口包含第一AC端口、第二AC端口和第三AC端口；所述两相端子包含第一DC端子和第二DC端子；
    所述第一电容和所述第二电容被耦合在第一AC端口和第三AC端口之间，且所述第一电容和所述第二电容之间具有一中间节点，所述第二AC端口通过所述中间节点分别与每个所述电容支路相连，且连接点位于各所述电容支路的第三电容与第四电容之间。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的三电平控制电路，其特征在于，所述第一变换支路与所述第一主线路之间串联有电感，多个所述第一变换支路一端通过电感并联接入所述第一主线路；多个所述第二变换支路与所述电容支路并联接入所述第一DC端子和所述第二DC端子之间；其中所述第一变换支路与所述第二变换支路一一对应。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的三电平控制电路，其特征在于，所述三电平控制电路为T型三电平控制电路或PFC三电平控制电路或I型三电平控制电路。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的三电平控制电路，其特征在于，当所述三电平控制电路为T型三电平控制电路时，每条所述第一变换支路上串联有至少两个可控半导体器件，每条所述第二变换支路上串联有至少两个可控半导体器件；所述第一变换支路和所述第二变换支路一一对应交汇形成一交汇节点，且所述交汇节点位于所述第二变换支路上串联的所述可控半导体器件之间。
  6. 一种功率变换装置，其特征在于，所述装置包含权利要求2至5中任一项所述的三电平控制电路和控制模块，所述控制模块一端连接两条所述第一主线路各自的所述第一变换支路，且连接点位于所述第一主线路与所述第一变换支路之间；另一端连接第一电容、第二电容、第三电容和第四电容。
  7. 一种应用于权利要求6所述的功率变换装置的控制方法，其特征在于，所述控制模块根据电压环输出为每条所述第一主线路的多个所述第一变换支路提供同一电流参考值，通过闭环调节使各第一变换支路均流。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的控制方法，其特征在于，所述功率变换装置在充电过程中所述电压环为直流侧电压，在放电过程中所述电压环为交流侧电压；
    其中，所述直流侧电压等于所述第三电容和所述第四电容之和；所述交流侧电压等于所述第一电容和所述第二电容之和。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述控制方法，其特征在于，高频工作状态下所述第一变换支路和所述第二变换支路中每一路的逆变器之间度数相差360/N，N为所述第一主线路上的第一变换支路数量。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述控制方法，其特征在于，低频工作状态下，所述第二变换支路中每一路的逆变器的驱动电平相同。
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