CN113258815A - 一种变结构宽输出范围的单级双向ac/dc变换器 - Google Patents

一种变结构宽输出范围的单级双向ac/dc变换器 Download PDF

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CN113258815A
CN113258815A CN202110591810.9A CN202110591810A CN113258815A CN 113258815 A CN113258815 A CN 113258815A CN 202110591810 A CN202110591810 A CN 202110591810A CN 113258815 A CN113258815 A CN 113258815A
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江加辉
张韬
马大壮
陈道炼
孙浩然
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Qingdao University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/79—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/797—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H02J3/322—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • H02J7/06—Regulation of charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M5/275—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/293—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/20—AC to AC converters
    • B60L2210/22—AC to AC converters without intermediate conversion to DC
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Abstract

一种变结构宽输出范围的单级双向AC/DC变换器，是由m相交流滤波器(m＝1,3,5,6,……)、m相周波变换器、n个原边串联高频变压器、n个带输出滤波电容的高频双向全桥整流器、结构选择模块依序级联构成，其中，每个变压器副边分别与一个高频双向全桥整流器连接，n个全桥整流器输出端连接到结构选择模块。采用带交流侧功率因数校正和直流侧电流控制的双环控制策略，变换器可实现双向功率流。该变换器属于单级功率变换，没有直流环节，解决了直流母线电解电容器寿命短等问题，提高了变换器的可靠性；所述变换器通过结构选择模块改变各高频双向全桥整流器的串、并联结构，可以有效减小器件应力，实现了宽范围大容量输出。

Description

一种变结构宽输出范围的单级双向AC/DC变换器
技术领域：
本发明所涉及的一种变结构宽输出范围的单级双向AC/DC变换器，属于电能变换领域。
背景技术：
随着经济的飞速发展和生活水平的提高，汽车已成为必不可少的代步工具，使用新能源逐步代替传统化石燃料来驱动汽车，是未来汽车工业发展的必然趋势。在新基建背景支持下，充电设备的建设也随着电动汽车数量的增长而得到了快速的发展，并且拥有广阔的发展空间。
大量电动汽车接入电网，也使合理利用汽车和电网的互动、实现最优充电成为研究热点。如果使这些汽车在用电低谷时段从电网吸收能量，对电动汽车进行充电；在用电高峰时段，将电动汽车蓄电池的能量回馈给电网，就能有效减小电网日用电负荷峰谷差，对电网起到削峰填谷的作用，实现双向逆变式充电技术，也称电动汽车与电网双向互动(vehicle to grid，V2G)，使电动汽车兼具负荷管理和系统调峰的作用，以便实现能源的合理分配并达成电网与用户双赢，长期来看V2G技术将成为能源互联的重要一环。
双向AC/DC变换器作为连接电动汽车与电网的重要环节，具有输出功率大、输出电压范围宽的特点，给充电桩设备容量设计带来巨大困难。其次，现有相关研究主要集中于两级式结构，这类结构存在两级功率变换、功率密度低、变换效率不够理想、直流母线电解电容寿命低等问题。因此，寻求一种具有宽输出范围、低设计容量、单级功率变换、电路拓扑简洁、电气隔离、高效、高功率密度的双向AC/DC变换器具有重要理论和实践价值。
发明内容：
本发明的目的是要提供一种具有宽输出范围、低设计容量、单级功率变换、电路拓扑简洁、电气隔离、高效、高功率密度的双向AC/DC变换器。
为了实现上述技术目的，本发明的技术方案在于：
一种变结构宽输出范围的单级双向AC/DC变换器，是由m相交流滤波器、m相周波变换器、n个原边串联高频变压器、n个带输出滤波电容的高频双向全桥整流器、结构选择模块依序级联构成，其中，每个变压器副边分别与一个高频双向全桥整流器连接，n个全桥整流器输出端连接到结构选择模块。采用多高频变压器-多高频双向全桥整流器组合和结构选择模块，在双向功率变换中实现高频双向全桥整流器串、并联灵活切换，提高变换器的输出范围，减小系统的设计容量。
所述变换器可工作在整流模式和逆变模式，实现双向功率流。在整流模式下，所述变换器为Boost型整流器，通过对m相周波变换器的开关操作实现m相储能电感的储能和释能，并实现交流侧的单位功率因数控制；在逆变模式下，所述变换器为Buck型并网逆变器，可根据需要实现单位功率因数并网或者参与无功调节。
本发明能够实现单级AC/DC变换，实现电网向电动汽车充电、电动汽车向电网馈电、参与电网无功调节等功能，具有宽输出范围、低设计容量、单级功率变换、电路拓扑简洁、电气隔离、高效、高功率密度的特点。
附图说明
图1为所述变换器的结构图。
图2为所述变换器的单相多变压器电路拓扑实例。
图3为所述变换器的三相多变压器电路拓扑实例。
图4为所述变换器的六相多变压器电路拓扑实例。
图5为所述变换器的三相双变压器电路电路拓扑。
图6为所述变换器结构选择模块等效电路。
图7为带交流侧功率因数校正和直流侧电流控制的双环控制框图。
图8为所述变换器的开关驱动波形图。
图9为所述变换器工作过程中的高频开关过程部分等效电路。
具体实施方式：
下面通过具体实例结合说明书附图对本发明的技术方案做进一步详细的描述。
一种变结构宽输出范围的单级双向AC/DC变换器，是由m相交流滤波器、m相周波变换器、n个原边串联高频变压器、n个带输出滤波电容的高频双向全桥整流器、结构选择模块依序级联构成，其中，每个变压器副边分别与一个高频双向全桥整流器连接，n个全桥整流器输出端连接到结构选择模块。采用带交流侧功率因数校正和直流侧电流控制的双环控制策略，变换器可实现双向功率流。图2-图5分别为所述变换器的单相多变压器电路拓扑实例、三相多变压器电路拓扑实例、六相多变压器电路拓扑实例、三相双变压器电路拓扑实例。
以图5为例，m＝3、n＝2，vA、vB、vC是三相电压源，LA、LB、LC是三相滤波电感，S1-S6、S1'-S6'是三相周波变换器的功率开关，T1、T2是高频变压器，Q1-Q8是高频双向全桥整流器的功率开关，C1和C2是2个高频双向全桥整流器的输出滤波电容，SS1是串联选择开关，SS1n和SS2p是并联选择开关，VDC是直流电源。所述变换器通过结构选择模块改变各高频双向全桥整流器的串、并联结构，既能实现输出电压的宽范围调节，又能实现分压和分流，减小系统设计容量。串联选择开关SS1闭合、并联选择开关SS1n和SS2p断开时，2个高频双向全桥整流器输出端串联，等效电路如图6(a)所示；串联选择开关SS1断开、并联选择开关SS1n和SS2p闭合时，2个高频双向全桥整流器输出端并联，等效电路如图6(b)所示。
所述变换器采用直流侧电流外环、交流侧瞬时功率内环双闭环控制，控制框图如图7所示。直流侧电流外环是通过采样直流电流iDC，与直流电流给定参考量iDC*比较，经PI计算再与直流侧电压VDC相乘后输出交流侧有功功率内环参考量，交流侧瞬时功率内环采样三相电压和电流，计算瞬时有功功率p和瞬时无功功率q，分别与瞬时有功功率参考量p*和瞬时无功功率参考量q*比较后再经PI计算，并通过SVPWM调制输出三相周波变换器和高频双向全桥整流器的开关驱动信号，p*＝0时实现单位功率因数。
以高频双向全桥整流器输出并联运行为例，所述变换器采用带交流侧功率因数校正和直流侧电流控制的双环控制策略时在整流模式下的开关驱动波形和高频开关过程部分等效电路分别如图8和图9所示，其中SS1长断、SS1n和SS2p长通，下面分析变换器在高频周期内的工作过程。
模态1：三相周波变换器功率开关S2、S2'、S4、S4'、S6、S6'导通，S1、S1'、S3、S3'、S5、S5'关断，vLA>0、vLB>0、vLC<0，LA储能、LB储能、LC储能；高频双向全桥整流器功率开关Q1、Q4、Q5、Q8导通，Q2、Q3、Q6、Q7关断，T1和T2副边电压钳位到输出电压。
模态2：三相周波变换器功率开关S1、S1'、S4、S4'、S6、S6'导通，S2、S2'、S3、S3'、S5、S5'关断，vLA<0、vLB>0、vLC>0，LA释能、LB储能、LC释能；高频双向全桥整流器功率开关维持上一模态状态不变。
模态3：三相周波变换器功率开关S1、S1'、S3、S3'、S6、S6'导通，S2、S2'、S4、S4'、S5、S5'关断，vLA<0、vLB<0、vLC>0，LA释能、LB释能、LC释能；高频双向全桥整流器功率开关维持上一模态状态不变。
模态4：三相周波变换器功率开关S1、S1'、S3、S3'、S5、S5'导通，S2、S2'、S4、S4'、S6、S6'关断，vLA>0、vLB>0、vLC<0，LA储能、LB储能、LC储能；高频双向全桥整流器功率开关维持上一模态状态不变。
在另半个周期内，高频双向全桥整流器功率开关Q2、Q3、Q6、Q7导通，Q1、Q4、Q5、Q8关断，T1和T2副边电压钳位到负的输出电压，以实现变压器高频磁复位。
以上所述实施例只为本发明之较佳实施例，本发明及其实施例不应仅限于此，故凡依本发明之形状、原理所作的变化，均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (3)

1.一种变结构宽输出范围的单级双向AC/DC变换器，其特征在于：该变换器是由m相交流滤波器、m相周波变换器、n个原边串联高频变压器、n个带输出滤波电容的高频双向全桥整流器、结构选择模块依序级联构成。所述m相交流滤波器由三相单电感L滤波器或m相LCL滤波器构成；所述m相周波变换器包括第1、2、……、m桥臂，特别地，当m＝1时包含第1、2桥臂；每个桥臂包括1个上桥臂和1个下桥臂，各由1个四象限开关构成；所述n个高频变压器原边绕组串联，副边分别连接到一个高频双向全桥整流器；所述结构选择模块是由3n-3个开关构成，包括n-1个串联选择开关和2n-2个并联选择开关。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种变结构宽输出范围的单级双向AC/DC变换器，其特征在于：所述变换器的m相交流滤波器一端分别连接至m相交流电源，另一端分别连接至m相周波变换器的桥臂的中点；所述m相周波变换器包括2m个四象限开关，其中每个四象限开关由两个两象限功率开关管反向串联构成；m个上桥臂的公共端连接至节点P，m个下桥臂的公共端连接至节点N；所述n个高频变压器原边绕组依次串联在P、N节点之间；所述n个高频双向全桥整流器分别与n个高频变压器的副边绕组连接；所述n个高频双向全桥整流器输出端各并联1个电容后连接到结构选择模块；第1个高频双向全桥整流器正输出端直接连接到直流电源正极，第n个高频双向全桥整流器负输出端直接连接到直流电源负极；第1至第n-1个高频双向全桥整流器负输出端各经一个串联选择开关连接到直流电源负极，第2至第n个高频双向全桥整流器正输出端各经一个并联选择开关连接到直流电源正极；第k个高频双向全桥整流器负输出端经一个串联选择开关连接到第k+1个高频双向全桥整流器正输出端，其中k＝1,2,···,n-1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种变结构宽输出范围的单级双向AC/DC变换器，其特征在于：所述结构选择模块是由3n-3个开关构成，包括n-1个串联选择开关和2n-2个并联选择开关；所述n-1个串联选择开关闭合、2n-2个并联选择开关断开时，n个高频双向全桥整流器输出端串联；所述n-1个串联选择开关断开、2n-2个并联选择开关闭合时，n个高频双向全桥整流器输出端并联；所述变换器通过结构选择模块改变各高频双向全桥整流器的串、并联结构，既能实现输出电压的宽范围调节，又能实现分压和分流，减小系统设计容量。
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