WO2023097989A1 - 毫米波隐蔽通信的下行多用户波束对准和数据传输方法 - Google Patents

毫米波隐蔽通信的下行多用户波束对准和数据传输方法 Download PDF

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WO2023097989A1
WO2023097989A1 PCT/CN2022/093704 CN2022093704W WO2023097989A1 WO 2023097989 A1 WO2023097989 A1 WO 2023097989A1 CN 2022093704 W CN2022093704 W CN 2022093704W WO 2023097989 A1 WO2023097989 A1 WO 2023097989A1
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user
base station
beams
updated
sum rate
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张嘉瑀
李旻
赵民建
刘永城
李立言
王婵
雷鸣
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Zhejiang University
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Zhejiang University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/02—Protecting privacy or anonymity, e.g. protecting personally identifiable information [PII]

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of wireless communication, and in particular to a downlink multi-user beam alignment and data transmission method, device, electronic equipment, non-transitory computer readable storage medium, computer program product and computer program for millimeter wave covert communication.
  • Covert communications also known as low-intercept communications
  • covert communication aims to hide the communication process, so that the behavior of information transmission will not be noticed by eavesdroppers. Therefore, it can not only ensure that the information content is not intercepted, but also prevent the communication process from being discovered. Unfavorable situations such as exposed location and interference, etc., so as to achieve a stricter sense of security.
  • millimeter-wave frequency band Compared with traditional low-frequency breaks, the millimeter-wave frequency band has great advantages for covert communication. Sufficient spectrum resources of millimeter wave can greatly compensate for the inherent defect of low transmission rate of covert communication unit spectrum. At the same time, the natural directional transmission characteristics of millimeter wave also make the communication process have high concealment characteristics in space. However, in addition to these advantages, the characteristics of millimeter wave high path attenuation and sparse scattering bring new challenges to the establishment process of transmission links. In order to meet this challenge, millimeter-wave beam alignment technology has been extensively researched and applied. Millimeter-wave beam alignment takes advantage of the characteristics of sparse channels and directional transmission in this frequency band. It can efficiently and accurately establish the initial link through beam scanning without any prior conditions.
  • the resulting beam gain counters strong path loss.
  • beam spatial scanning will cause signal leakage, which will greatly increase the probability of the system being detected by eavesdroppers. Therefore, in the millimeter wave covert communication system, the design of the beam training strategy is very important.
  • the beam alignment strategy can meet the alignment requirements of multiple users at the same time, thereby reducing the waste of training resources caused by multi-user time division.
  • the present disclosure aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a downlink multi-user beam alignment and data transmission method for millimeter-wave covert communication, the main purpose of which is to solve the problem that the current beam training method is detected by eavesdroppers by proposing a new beam training method
  • the probability is high, due to the technical problem of many training resources caused by multi-user time division.
  • a downlink multi-user beam alignment and data transmission method for millimeter wave covert communication proposed in the embodiment of the first aspect of the present disclosure includes:
  • the base station sends the at least two sets of multi-directional beams to all user terminals in sequence, and performs downlink beam training from the base station to the user terminal, thereby determining the target downlink beam of each user terminal;
  • the user end is controlled to receive the data signal.
  • the numbering of the unidirectional beams at the base station, and determining at least two groups of multi-directional beams according to the numbered unidirectional beams include:
  • the base station sends the at least two groups of multi-directional beams to all user terminals in sequence, and performs downlink beam training from the base station to the user terminal, so as to determine the target downlink beam of each user terminal, including:
  • the base station sends the at least two groups of multi-directional beams to all user terminals in sequence, and determines the matched filter output of each user terminal each time;
  • the matched filtering result is recorded as 1; when the matched filtering output is smaller than the threshold, the matched filtering result is recorded as 0;
  • the base station After the base station sends the at least two groups of multi-directional beams to all user terminals in sequence, according to the sending order, combine all matched filtering results determined by any user terminal into a binary number;
  • the base station sends the at least two groups of multi-directional beams to all user terminals in sequence, and determines the matched filter output of each user terminal each time, including:
  • the base station sends a preset number of pilot sequences
  • the matched filter output of the corresponding user end is determined.
  • optimizing the parameters of the millimeter wave covert communication system to determine the maximum multi-user transmission average sum rate includes:
  • the optimization problem is solved based on an iterative algorithm, and the maximum multi-user transmission average sum rate is determined.
  • the determination of the optimization objective function and constraints of the millimeter-wave covert communication system under the finite frame length includes:
  • the constraints are determined according to the system concealment level.
  • system concealment level is determined according to the following formula:
  • ⁇ 1
  • the iterative algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem to determine the maximum multi-user transmission average sum rate, including:
  • the dual variable and the original variable are updated to obtain the updated dual variable and the updated original variable;
  • the iterative algorithm is stopped and the updated multi-user transmission rate is output.
  • User transfer average sum rate When the difference between the updated multi-user transmission average sum rate and the multi-user transmission average sum rate before the update is less than the preset threshold, or when the number of iterations reaches the upper limit, the iterative algorithm is stopped and the updated multi-user transmission rate is output.
  • the iterative algorithm is used to update the dual variable and the original variable to obtain the updated dual variable and the updated original variable, including:
  • the dual variable is updated based on the gradient descent algorithm
  • the original problem is divided into at least two sub-problems, and there is only one optimization variable in each sub-problem;
  • the sub-problem is transformed into a convex problem, and the convex problem is solved to obtain updated optimization variables;
  • the updated original variables are determined according to the updated optimization variables.
  • a downlink multi-user beam alignment and data transmission device for millimeter wave covert communication proposed in the embodiment of the second aspect of the present disclosure includes:
  • the judgment module is used for the base station to sequentially send the at least two groups of multi-directional beams to all user terminals, and perform downlink beam training from the base station to the user terminal, so as to determine the target downlink beam of each user terminal;
  • the optimization module is used to optimize the parameters of the millimeter wave covert communication system and determine the maximum multi-user transmission average sum rate
  • the transmission module is configured to control the user end to receive data signals based on the target downlink beam and the maximum multi-user transmission average sum rate of each user end.
  • the embodiment of the third aspect of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, including: at least one processor; and a memory connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores information that can be used by the at least one processor; Instructions executed by a processor, the instructions are executed by the at least one processor, so that the at least one processor can execute the method as described in any embodiment of the first aspect of the present disclosure.
  • the embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present disclosure provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, wherein the computer instructions are used to make the computer execute any one of the implementations of the first aspect of the present disclosure. method described in the example.
  • the embodiment of the fifth aspect of the present disclosure proposes a computer program product, wherein the computer program product includes computer program code, and when the computer program code is run on a computer, the computer program according to the first aspect of the present disclosure is implemented.
  • the embodiment of the sixth aspect of the present disclosure proposes a computer program, wherein the computer program includes computer program code, and when the computer program code is run on the computer, the computer executes the computer program according to the first aspect of the present disclosure.
  • the method described in an example The method described in an example.
  • the concealment performance of the downlink beam training process can be increased while maintaining the excellent alignment performance of the millimeter-wave covert communication system; at the same time, there is no need to control the downlink beam training process according to the feedback from the user end, so It can satisfy multiple users to align at the same time.
  • the optimal system key parameters are calculated to guide the optimal deployment of the system.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a downlink multi-user beam alignment and data transmission method for millimeter wave covert communication provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a downlink multi-user millimeter wave covert communication scenario provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of downlink beam training provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a misalignment rate curve provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an average sum rate curve of multi-user millimeter wave covert communication provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an optimal key parameter curve provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a downlink multi-user beam alignment and data transmission device for millimeter wave covert communication provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the ergodic search strategy has a very high beam gain because it uses a narrow beam for spatial beam scanning.
  • the training beam is aimed at the eavesdropper, the eavesdropper will receive far more energy than other times, which will make the eavesdropper very It is easy to identify the occurrence of the communication process, thereby reducing the concealment performance of the system.
  • the existing alignment strategy such as the dichotomy method requires the user to make multiple feedbacks during the training process based on the received signal, and the base station then adjusts the beam to be sent in the next round of training according to the feedback, which will inevitably require multiple User time-division training.
  • the adverse effect is that as the number of users increases, the system's demand for the number of training pilots increases proportionally, which greatly affects the efficiency of training and data transmission.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a downlink multi-user beam alignment and data transmission method for millimeter wave covert communication provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a downlink multi-user beam alignment and data transmission method for millimeter wave covert communication includes the following steps:
  • Step 110 numbering the unidirectional beams at the base station, and determining at least two groups of multi-directional beams according to the numbered unidirectional beams;
  • Step 120 the base station sends at least two sets of multi-directional beams to all user terminals in sequence, and performs downlink beam training from the base station to the user terminal, so as to determine the target downlink beam of each user terminal;
  • Step 130 optimize the parameters of the millimeter wave covert communication system, and determine the maximum multi-user transmission average sum rate
  • Step 140 based on the target downlink beam of each user terminal and the maximum multi-user transmission average sum rate, control the user terminal to receive the data signal.
  • the unidirectional beams at the base station are numbered, and at least two groups of multi-directional beams are determined according to the numbered unidirectional beams, including:
  • the unidirectional beams at the base station are numbered in decimal from 1 to l a , and the decimal numbers of each unidirectional beam are subjected to M-bit binary mapping, where Indicates rounding up. Combining unidirectional beams with the same bit as 1 in the binary number into M groups of multi-directional beams.
  • the process of numbering the unidirectional beams at the base station is completed offline in advance, and the mapping relationship of the beams is shared with all users in advance as known information.
  • the base station sends at least two sets of multi-directional beams to all user terminals in sequence, and performs downlink beam training from the base station to the user terminal, so as to determine the target downlink beam of each user terminal, including:
  • the base station sends at least two sets of multi-directional beams to all user terminals in sequence, and determines the matched filter output of each user terminal each time;
  • the matched filtering result is recorded as 1; when the matched filtering output is smaller than the threshold, the matched filtering result is recorded as 0;
  • the target downlink beam of the user terminal is fed back to the base station.
  • the target downlink beam of the user terminal is a unidirectional beam with maximum received power.
  • the base station sends at least two groups of multi-directional beams to all user terminals in sequence, and determines the matched filter output of each user terminal each time, including:
  • the base station sends a preset number of pilot sequences
  • the matched filter output of the corresponding user end is determined.
  • the user end sequentially receives the pilot sequences sent by the base station end according to the symbol time synchronized in advance.
  • the parameters of the millimeter wave covert communication system are optimized to determine the maximum multi-user transmission average sum rate, including:
  • the optimization problem of the millimeter-wave covert communication system under the finite frame length is determined
  • the optimization problem is solved based on an iterative algorithm, and the maximum average sum rate of multi-user transmission is determined.
  • the optimization objective function and constraint conditions of the millimeter-wave covert communication system under the finite frame length are determined, including:
  • Constraints are determined according to the system concealment level.
  • the alignment probability of the target downlink beam of each user end based on the statistical characteristics of the matched filtering results of the user end, determine the alignment probability of the target downlink beam of each user end; consider the discount of the beam alignment overhead on the communication rate in the transmission frame structure of limited code length, and then use the alignment The probability builds the average data transfer rate per user.
  • the average transmission rate of each client is determined according to the following formula:
  • K is the number of clients, is the average transmission rate of each user end, n is the total number of symbols in a frame, that is, the frame length,
  • 2 is the path attenuation from the user to the base station, ⁇ k 2 is the user noise variance, P a is the beam alignment power, P d is the data transmission power, and na is the total number of symbols used for training.
  • system concealment level is determined according to the following formula:
  • ⁇ 1
  • the judgment method of binary detection is used as the performance measurement standard for the eavesdropper to judge whether the communication process exists, and this is used as the concealed performance constraint of the system.
  • the optimization problem is solved based on an iterative algorithm, and the maximum multi-user transmission average sum rate is determined, including:
  • the optimization problem is transformed into a primal problem and a dual problem by using the Lagrange multiplier method
  • the dual variable and the original variable are updated to obtain the updated dual variable and the updated original variable;
  • the iterative algorithm is stopped and the updated multi-user transmission rate is output.
  • User transfer average sum rate When the difference between the updated multi-user transmission average sum rate and the multi-user transmission average sum rate before the update is less than the preset threshold, or when the number of iterations reaches the upper limit, the iterative algorithm is stopped and the updated multi-user transmission rate is output.
  • the optimization problem is determined according to the following formula:
  • the dual variable and the original variable are updated based on an iterative algorithm to obtain the updated dual variable and the updated original variable, including:
  • the dual variable is updated based on the gradient descent algorithm
  • the original problem is divided into at least two sub-problems, and there is only one optimization variable in each sub-problem;
  • the sub-problem is transformed into a convex problem, and the convex problem is solved to obtain the updated optimization variables;
  • the updated original variable is determined according to the updated optimized variable.
  • the dual variable is updated according to the following formula:
  • t is the number of iterative updates
  • [ ] + means non-negative protection
  • ⁇ t is the update step size.
  • the original problem is split into three sub-problems that are only about P a , P d , and na decoupling, and each sub-problem is transformed into a convex problem using a continuous convex approximation method.
  • the convex optimization toolkit CVX is used to solve the problem, and the updated original variables are obtained
  • the millimeter wave system works in the 73GHz frequency band with a bandwidth of 100MHz.
  • Each frame includes beam training and data transmission phases, with a total of 2048 symbols.
  • 2 / ⁇ k 2 is -3dB
  • 2 / ⁇ w 2 is -12dB.
  • the base station needs to complete the beam training process with K users at the same time under certain concealment constraints, and select the corresponding beam to complete the data transmission with the users, as shown in Figure 2.
  • the downlink multi-user data transmission method provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step 210 numbering all unidirectional beams of the base station.
  • the base station uses a codebook of 8 unidirectional beams, numbers the 8 unidirectional beams according to the center angle from 0° to 180° and maps them one by one. As shown in Figure 3, where the beam number binary mapping maps each unidirectional beam Perform binary number mapping to obtain a 3-digit binary number
  • step 220 the base station performs beam combination according to each bit of the binary number.
  • step 230 the base station sends w 1 , w 2 , and w 3 sequentially, each time for the same number of symbols, and sends n a pilot sequences in total for three times, with a sending power of P a .
  • each user terminal receives three sets of pilot sequences corresponding to multi-directional beams in turn, and calculates the matched filter outputs of the three sets respectively, as shown in Figure 3, the matched filter outputs are respectively
  • step 240 the UE judges which of the 8 unidirectional beams has the highest received power according to the received 3 sets of matched filter outputs. Specifically, each user will Compared with the threshold ⁇ , if it is not less than the threshold, it is recorded as 1, otherwise it is recorded as 0. Then combine the results of the 3 times bitwise into a new binary number The binary number corresponds to the binary number of the target downlink beam of the UE.
  • Step 250 the base station determines the beam combination during data transmission according to the binary numbers of the target downlink beams fed back by all K user terminals, and the combination method is as follows:
  • Step 260 optimize the system parameters, determine the maximum multi-user transmission average sum rate, the maximum multi-user transmission average sum rate includes beam alignment power P a , data transmission power P d and the total number of symbols used for training na .
  • Step 270 the base station sends data to each user according to the beam w d , the data transmission power is P d , and the total number of data transmission symbols is nn a .
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure calculate the following three performance curves:
  • the first performance curve, the misalignment rate curve, is shown in Figure 4, in which, even without considering the concealment performance constraints, the method (CMBTS) proposed in the embodiment of the present disclosure is superior to the traditional time-division HS training strategy, and with As the number of users increases, the gap becomes more and more significant.
  • the second performance curve the average sum rate curve of multi-user millimeter-wave covert communication, is shown in FIG. As the number of users increases, the gap becomes more and more significant.
  • the third performance curve, the optimal key parameter curve, is shown in FIG. 6 , where the optimal key parameters include beam alignment power P a , data transmission power P d and the total number of symbols used for training na .
  • the optimal key parameters include beam alignment power P a , data transmission power P d and the total number of symbols used for training na .
  • the base station by numbering the unidirectional beams at the base station, at least two sets of multi-directional beams are determined according to the numbered unidirectional beams; the base station sends at least two sets of multi-directional beams to all user terminals in sequence , and carry out downlink beam training from the base station to the user end, so as to determine the target downlink beam of each user end; optimize the parameters of the millimeter wave covert communication system, and determine the maximum multi-user transmission average sum rate; based on the target downlink beam of each user end and the maximum multi-user transmission average sum rate to control the user end to receive data signals.
  • single-directional beams are combined into multi-directional beams according to codes, which reduces the overhead of pilot symbols during downlink beam training and compresses the beam gain during downlink beam training; by proposing a new beam training method, it can maintain mm While the beam concealment communication system has excellent alignment performance, it increases the concealment performance of the downlink beam training process; at the same time, it does not need to control the downlink beam training process according to the feedback from the user end, so it can satisfy multiple users for simultaneous alignment; secondly, according to different channels , environmental conditions, and calculate the optimal system key parameters, so as to guide the optimal deployment of the system.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure further propose a downlink multi-user beam alignment and data transmission device for millimeter wave covert communication.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a downlink multi-user beam alignment and data transmission device for millimeter wave covert communication provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a downlink multi-user beam alignment and data transmission device for millimeter wave covert communication including:
  • a building block 710 configured to number the unidirectional beams at the base station, and determine at least two groups of multi-directional beams according to the numbered unidirectional beams;
  • the decision module 720 is used for the base station to sequentially send at least two sets of multi-directional beams to all user terminals, and perform downlink beam training from the base station to the user terminal, so as to determine the target downlink beam of each user terminal;
  • An optimization module 730 configured to optimize the parameters of the millimeter wave covert communication system, and determine the maximum multi-user transmission average sum rate
  • the transmission module 740 is configured to control the user end to receive data signals based on the target downlink beam and the maximum multi-user transmission average sum rate of each user end.
  • the device proposed by the embodiment of the present disclosure uses the construction module to number the unidirectional beams at the base station, and determines at least two groups of multi-directional beams according to the numbered unidirectional beams; the judgment module sequentially sends at least two groups of multi-directional beams through the base station. Beams to all user terminals, and perform downlink beam training from the base station to the user terminal, so as to determine the target downlink beam of each user terminal; the optimization module optimizes the parameters of the millimeter wave covert communication system, and determines the maximum multi-user transmission average and rate; The module controls the user end to receive data signals based on the target downlink beam of each user end and the maximum multi-user transmission average sum rate.
  • single-directional beams are combined into multi-directional beams according to codes, which reduces the overhead of pilot symbols during downlink beam training and compresses the beam gain during downlink beam training; by proposing a new beam training method, it can maintain mm While the beam concealment communication system has excellent alignment performance, it increases the concealment performance of the downlink beam training process; at the same time, it does not need to control the downlink beam training process according to the feedback from the user end, so it can satisfy multiple users for simultaneous alignment; secondly, according to different channels , environmental conditions, and calculate the optimal system key parameters, so as to guide the optimal deployment of the system.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure also proposes an electronic device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and operable on the processor.
  • the processor executes the program, it realizes the aforementioned
  • the embodiment proposes a downlink multi-user beam alignment and data transmission method for millimeter wave covert communication.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure also propose a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the program is executed by a processor, the millimeter-wave covert communication as proposed in the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure is realized.
  • the downlink multi-user beam alignment and data transmission method is also proposed.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure also propose a computer program product.
  • the instruction processor in the computer program product is executed, the downlink multi-user beam alignment of millimeter-wave covert communication as proposed in the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure is performed. and data transfer methods.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure also propose a computer program, wherein the computer program includes computer program codes, and when the computer program codes are run on the computer, the computer executes the millimeter wave method proposed in the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the computer program includes computer program codes, and when the computer program codes are run on the computer, the computer executes the millimeter wave method proposed in the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • various parts of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof.
  • various steps or methods may be implemented by software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system.
  • a suitable instruction execution system For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one or combination of the following techniques known in the art: Discrete logic circuits, ASICs with suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present disclosure may be integrated into one processing module, each unit may exist separately physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one module.
  • the above-mentioned integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software function modules. If the integrated modules are implemented in the form of software function modules and sold or used as independent products, they can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the storage medium mentioned above may be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and the like.

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Abstract

提供了一种毫米波隐蔽通信的下行多用户波束对准和数据传输方法，包括：对基站端的单指向波束进行编号，根据编号后的单指向波束确定至少两组多指向波束；基站端依次发送至少两组多指向波束至所有用户端，并进行基站端到用户端的下行波束训练，从而确定每个用户端的目标下行波束；对毫米波隐蔽通信系统的参数进行优化，确定最大多用户传输平均和速率；基于每个用户端的目标下行波束和最大多用户传输平均和速率，控制用户端接收数据信号。

Description

毫米波隐蔽通信的下行多用户波束对准和数据传输方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为202111452909.7、申请日为2021年12月1日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本公开涉及无线通信技术领域，具体涉及一种毫米波隐蔽通信的下行多用户波束对准和数据传输方法、装置、电子设备、非瞬时计算机可读存储介质、计算机程序产品和计算机程序。
背景技术
随着无线通信技术的高速发展，安全和隐私需求逐渐受到人们的广泛关注。传统基于密码学的安全机制开始受到越来越严峻的考验，已经无法满足所有级别下的安全需求。隐蔽通信，也被称之为低截获通信开始成为无线系统的一种安全新范式。与传统的物理层安全相比，隐蔽通信旨在隐藏通信的过程，使信息传输的行为不受到窃听者的注意，因此不单可以保证信息内容不被截获，还可以防止因通信过程被发现而造成的位置暴露、遭受干扰等不利情况发生，从而达到更严格意义上的安全。
相比于传统低频断来说，毫米波频段对于隐蔽通信具有巨大的优越性。毫米波充足的频谱资源可以极大地补偿隐蔽通信单位频谱传输速率低的固有缺陷，同时毫米波天然的方向性传输特点还使得通信过程在空间上拥有高隐蔽特性。然而，在这些优点之外，毫米波高路径衰减和稀疏散射的特性又给传输链路的建立过程带来新的挑战。为了应对这一挑战，毫米波波束对准这一技术受到了广泛的研究和应用。毫米波波束对准针对性地利用了这一频段信道稀疏、方向性传输的特性，可以在没有任何先验条件的情况下通过波束扫描的方式高效准确地建立初始链路，利用大规模天线带来的波束增益对抗强路径损耗。但是，在波束对准过程中，波束空间扫描会带来信号的泄露，很大程度上会增大系统被窃听者检测到的概率。因此，在毫米波隐蔽通信系统中，波束训练策略的设计至关重要。此外，当应用到多用户系统中时，还需要考虑波束对准策略可以同时满足多个用户的对准需求，从而减少因多用户时分带来的训练资源浪费。
发明内容
本公开旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。
为此，本公开实施例提出了一种毫米波隐蔽通信的下行多用户波束对准和数据传输方法，主要目的在于通过提出一种新的波束训练方法，解决目前波束训练方法被窃听者检测到的概率大，因多用户时分带来的训练资源多的技术问题。
为达到上述目的，本公开第一方面实施例提出的一种毫米波隐蔽通信的下行多用户波束对准和数据传输方法，包括：
对基站端的单指向波束进行编号，根据编号后的单指向波束确定至少两组多指向波束；
基站端依次发送所述至少两组多指向波束至所有用户端，并进行基站端到用户端的下行波束训练，从而确定每个用户端的目标下行波束；
对毫米波隐蔽通信系统的参数进行优化，确定最大多用户传输平均和速率；
基于每个用户端的目标下行波束和最大多用户传输平均和速率，控制用户端接收数据信号。
在本公开的实施例中，所述对基站端的单指向波束进行编号，根据编号后的单指向波束确定至少两组多指向波束，包括：
对基站端的单指向波束进行十进制编号，并确定每个单指向波束的十进制编号的二进制编号；
将所述二进制编号中同位为1的单指向波束进行组合，得到至少两组多指向波束。
在本公开的实施例中，所述基站端依次发送所述至少两组多指向波束至所有用户端，并进行基站端到用户端的下行波束训练，从而确定每个用户端的目标下行波束，包括：
基站端依次发送所述至少两组多指向波束至所有用户端，确定每个用户端每次的匹配滤波输出；
在匹配滤波输出不小于阈值的情况下，则将匹配滤波结果记为1；在匹配滤波输出小于阈值的情况下，则将匹配滤波结果记为0；
基站端依次发送所述至少两组多指向波束至所有用户端结束后，根据发送顺序，将任一用户端确定的所有匹配滤波结果组合为二进制编号；
选择与用户端确定的所有匹配滤波结果组合的二进制编号相同的单指向波 束作为用户端的目标下行波束。
在本公开的实施例中，所述基站端依次发送所述至少两组多指向波束至所有用户端，确定每个用户端每次的匹配滤波输出，包括：
基站端每次发送多指向波束至所有用户端时，基站端发送预设数量的导频序列；
确定每个用户端接收到的导频序列对应的观测信号的方向的组合；
根据观测信号的方向的组合确定对应的用户端的匹配滤波输出。
在本公开的实施例中，所述对毫米波隐蔽通信系统的参数进行优化，确定最大多用户传输平均和速率，包括：
确定有限帧长下毫米波隐蔽通信系统的优化目标函数和约束条件；
根据所述优化目标函数和约束条件确定有限帧长下毫米波隐蔽通信系统的优化问题；
基于迭代算法对所述优化问题进行求解，确定最大多用户传输平均和速率。
在本公开的实施例中，所述确定有限帧长下毫米波隐蔽通信系统的优化目标函数和约束条件，包括：
确定每个用户端的目标下行波束的对准概率，根据所述对准概率确定每个用户端的传输平均和速率；
根据每个用户端的传输平均和速率确定所述优化目标函数；
根据基站端发送信号和不发送信号时窃听者接收到的信号序列的相对熵确定系统隐蔽性等级；
根据所述系统隐蔽性等级确定所述约束条件。
在本公开的实施例中，根据下式确定系统隐蔽性等级：
Figure PCTCN2022093704-appb-000001
ξ 1＝|γ aw| 2P a/σ w 2
ξ 2＝|γ aw| 2P d/σ w 2
其中，|γ aw| 2为窃听者到基站的路径衰减，σ w 2为窃听者接收噪声方差，∈为系统隐蔽性等级。
在本公开的实施例中，所述基于迭代算法对所述优化问题进行求解，确定最大多用户传输平均和速率，包括：
采用拉格朗日乘子法将所述优化问题转化为原问题和对偶问题；
基于迭代算法对对偶变量和原变量进行更新，得到更新后的对偶变量和更新后的原变量；
根据更新后的对偶变量和更新后的原变量，确定更新后的多用户传输平均和速率；
在更新后的多用户传输平均和速率与更新前的多用户传输平均和速率的差值小于预设阈值的情况下，或者迭代次数达到上限的情况下，则停止迭代算法并输出更新后的多用户传输平均和速率。
在本公开的实施例中，所述基于迭代算法对对偶变量和原变量进行更新，得到更新后的对偶变量和更新后的原变量，包括：
基于梯度下降算法对对偶变量进行更新；
基于非穷尽块坐标下降方法，将原问题拆分为至少两个子问题，每个子问题中只有一种优化变量；
基于连续凸近似方法，将所述子问题转化为凸问题，对所述凸问题进行求解，从而得到更新后的优化变量；
根据所述更新后的优化变量确定更新后的原变量。
为达到上述目的，本公开第二方面实施例提出的一种毫米波隐蔽通信的下行多用户波束对准和数据传输装置，包括：
构建模块，用于对基站端的单指向波束进行编号，根据编号后的单指向波束确定至少两组多指向波束；
判决模块，用于基站端依次发送所述至少两组多指向波束至所有用户端，并进行基站端到用户端的下行波束训练，从而确定每个用户端的目标下行波束；
优化模块，用于对毫米波隐蔽通信系统的参数进行优化，确定最大多用户传输平均和速率；
传输模块，用于基于每个用户端的目标下行波束和最大多用户传输平均和速率，控制用户端接收数据信号。
为达到上述目的，本公开第三方面实施例提出一种电子设备，包括：至少一个处理器；和与所述至少一个处理器通信连接的存储器；其中所述存储器存储有可被所述至少一个处理器执行的指令，所述指令被所述至少一个处理器执行，以使所述至少一个处理器能够执行如本公开第一方面任一实施例中所述的方法。
为达到上述目的，本公开第四方面实施例提出了一种存储有计算机指令的非瞬时计算机可读存储介质，其中所述计算机指令用于使所述计算机执行如本公开第一方面任一实施例中所述的方法。
为达到上述目的，本公开第五方面实施例提出一种计算机程序产品，其中 所述计算机程序产品中包括计算机程序代码，当所述计算机程序代码在计算机上运行时，实现如本公开第一方面任一实施例中所述的方法。
为达到上述目的，本公开第六方面实施例提出一种计算机程序，其中所述计算机程序包括计算机程序代码，当所述计算机程序代码在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行如本公开第一方面任一实施例中所述的方法。
综上，本公开实施例提供的技术方案至少带来以下有益效果：
1)通过单指向波束根据编码组合成多指向波束，降低了下行波束训练时的导频符号开销，压缩了下行波束训练时的波束增益；
2)通过提出一种新的波束训练方法，可以在保持毫米波隐蔽通信系统优异对准性能的同时，增加下行波束训练过程的隐蔽性能；同时，无需根据用户端的反馈控制下行波束训练过程，因此可以满足多用户同时对准。
3)通过根据不同的信道、环境条件，计算得到最优的系统关键参数，从而指导系统的最佳部署。
本公开附加的方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本公开的实践了解到。
附图说明
本公开上述的和/或附加的方面和优点从下面结合附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1为本公开实施例所提供的一种毫米波隐蔽通信的下行多用户波束对准和数据传输方法的流程图；
图2为本公开实施例所提供的下行的多用户毫米波隐蔽通信场景的示意图；
图3为本公开实施例所提供的下行波束训练的流程示意图；
图4为本公开实施例所提供的误对准率曲线的示意图；
图5为本公开实施例所提供的多用户毫米波隐蔽通信的平均和速率曲线的示意图；
图6为本公开实施例所提供的最优关键参数曲线的示意图；
图7为本公开实施例所提供的一种毫米波隐蔽通信的下行多用户波束对准和数据传输装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本公开的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本公开，而不能理解为对本公开的限制。相反，本公开的实施例包括落入所附加权利要求书的精神和内涵范围内的所有变化、修改和等同物。
需要说明的是，在毫米波隐蔽通信系统中，直接套用应用于相关技术中的不带隐蔽要求的波束训练策略将难以良好地匹配系统的隐蔽需求，影响系统的整体通信性能。例如，遍历搜索策略由于其使用窄波束进行空间波束扫描，拥有非常高的波束增益，当训练波束对准窃听者时，窃听者会接收到远超其他时刻的能量，这将会使窃听者非常容易辨别通信过程的发生，从而降低系统的隐蔽性能。
在一些实施例中，现有的对准策略例如二分法，需要用户在训练过程中根据其接收信号做出多次反馈，基站再根据反馈调整下一轮训练需要发送波束，这就势必需要多用户时分训练。其带来的不良影响是随着用户数量的增加，系统对训练导频数量的需求等比例上升，大大影响了训练和数据传输的效率。
下面结合具体的实施例对本公开进行详细说明。
图1为本公开实施例所提供的一种毫米波隐蔽通信的下行多用户波束对准和数据传输方法的流程图。
如图1所示，本公开实施例提供的一种毫米波隐蔽通信的下行多用户波束对准和数据传输方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤110，对基站端的单指向波束进行编号，根据编号后的单指向波束确定至少两组多指向波束；
步骤120，基站端依次发送至少两组多指向波束至所有用户端，并进行基站端到用户端的下行波束训练，从而确定每个用户端的目标下行波束；
步骤130，对毫米波隐蔽通信系统的参数进行优化，确定最大多用户传输平均和速率；
步骤140，基于每个用户端的目标下行波束和最大多用户传输平均和速率，控制用户端接收数据信号。
在本公开实施例中，对基站端的单指向波束进行编号，根据编号后的单指向波束确定至少两组多指向波束，包括：
对基站端的单指向波束进行十进制编号，并确定每个单指向波束的十进制 编号的二进制编号；
将二进制编号中同位为1的单指向波束进行组合，得到至少两组多指向波束。
具体的，将基站端的单指向波束从1到l a进行十进制编号，并将每个单指向波束的十进制编号进行M位的二进制映射，其中
Figure PCTCN2022093704-appb-000002
表示向上取整。将二进制编号中同位为1的单指向波束组合成M组多指向波束。
进一步的，根据每个单指向波束的二进制编号进行组合，令二进制编号同位为1，即
Figure PCTCN2022093704-appb-000003
根据下式确定第i个多指向波束：
Figure PCTCN2022093704-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2022093704-appb-000005
其中，
Figure PCTCN2022093704-appb-000006
为第l a个单指向波束，α i为归一化因子。
具体的，对基站端的单指向波束进行编号这一过程提前离线完成，并作为已知信息提前共享给所有用户波束的映射关系。
在本公开实施例中，基站端依次发送至少两组多指向波束至所有用户端，并进行基站端到用户端的下行波束训练，从而确定每个用户端的目标下行波束，包括：
基站端依次发送至少两组多指向波束至所有用户端，确定每个用户端每次的匹配滤波输出；
在匹配滤波输出不小于阈值的情况下，则将匹配滤波结果记为1；在匹配滤波输出小于阈值的情况下，则将匹配滤波结果记为0；
基站端依次发送至少两组多指向波束至所有用户端结束后，根据发送顺序，将任一用户端确定的所有匹配滤波结果组合为二进制编号；
选择与用户端确定的所有匹配滤波结果组合的二进制编号相同的单指向波束作为用户端的目标下行波束。
具体的，选择与用户端确定的所有匹配滤波结果组合的二进制编号相同的单指向波束作为用户端的目标下行波束时，将所述用户端的目标下行波束反馈给基站端。
具体的，用户端的目标下行波束为最大接收功率的单指向波束。
在本公开实施例中，基站端依次发送至少两组多指向波束至所有用户端，确定每个用户端每次的匹配滤波输出，包括：
基站端每次发送多指向波束至所有用户端时，基站端发送预设数量的导频序列；
确定每个用户端接收到的导频序列对应的观测信号的方向的组合；
根据观测信号的方向的组合确定对应的用户端的匹配滤波输出。
具体的，用户端按照提前同步好的符号时间，依次接收基站端发送的导频序列。
在本公开实施例中，对毫米波隐蔽通信系统的参数进行优化，确定最大多用户传输平均和速率，包括：
确定有限帧长下毫米波隐蔽通信系统的优化目标函数和约束条件；
根据优化目标函数和约束条件确定有限帧长下毫米波隐蔽通信系统的优化问题；
基于迭代算法对优化问题进行求解，确定最大多用户传输平均和速率。
在本公开实施例中，确定有限帧长下毫米波隐蔽通信系统的优化目标函数和约束条件，包括：
确定每个用户端的目标下行波束的对准概率，根据对准概率确定每个用户端的传输平均和速率；
根据每个用户端的传输平均和速率确定优化目标函数；
根据基站端发送信号和不发送信号时窃听者接收到的信号序列的相对熵确定系统隐蔽性等级；
根据系统隐蔽性等级确定约束条件。
具体的，基于用户端的匹配滤波结果的统计特性，确定每个用户端的目标下行波束的对准概率；在有限码长的传输帧结构上考虑波束对准开销对通信速率的折扣，再利用对准概率构建每个用户平均的数据传输速率。
进一步的，根据下式确定每个用户端的传输平均和速率：
Figure PCTCN2022093704-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2022093704-appb-000008
其中，K为用户端的数量，
Figure PCTCN2022093704-appb-000009
为每个用户端的传输平均和速率，n为一帧的符号总数即帧长，|γ ak| 2为用户到基站的路径衰减，σ k 2为用户噪声方差，P a为波束对准功率，P d为数据传输功率，n a为训练所用符号总数。
在本公开实施例中，根据下式确定系统隐蔽性等级：
Figure PCTCN2022093704-appb-000010
ξ 1＝|γ aw| 2P a/σ w 2
ξ 2＝|γ aw| 2P d/σ w 2
其中，|γ aw| 2为窃听者到基站的路径衰减，σ w 2为窃听者接收噪声方差，∈为系统隐蔽性等级。
具体的，利用二进制检测的判决方式作为窃听者判决通信过程是否存在的性能衡量标准，并以此作为系统的隐蔽性能约束。
在本公开实施例中，基于迭代算法对优化问题进行求解，确定最大多用户传输平均和速率，包括：
采用拉格朗日乘子法将优化问题转化为原问题和对偶问题；
基于迭代算法对对偶变量和原变量进行更新，得到更新后的对偶变量和更新后的原变量；
根据更新后的对偶变量和更新后的原变量，确定更新后的多用户传输平均和速率；
在更新后的多用户传输平均和速率与更新前的多用户传输平均和速率的差值小于预设阈值的情况下，或者迭代次数达到上限的情况下，则停止迭代算法并输出更新后的多用户传输平均和速率。
具体的，根据下式确定优化问题：
Figure PCTCN2022093704-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2022093704-appb-000012
采用拉格朗日乘子法将优化问题转化为原问题和对偶问题，分别表示如下：
Figure PCTCN2022093704-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2022093704-appb-000014
其中，
Figure PCTCN2022093704-appb-000015
为原变量，ν为对偶变量。
在本公开实施例中，基于迭代算法对对偶变量和原变量进行更新，得到更新后的对偶变量和更新后的原变量，包括：
基于梯度下降算法对对偶变量进行更新；
基于非穷尽块坐标下降方法，将原问题拆分为至少两个子问题，每个子问题中只有一种优化变量；
基于连续凸近似方法，将子问题转化为凸问题，对凸问题进行求解，从而得到更新后的优化变量；
根据更新后的优化变量确定更新后的原变量。
具体的，根据下式对对偶变量进行更新：
Figure PCTCN2022093704-appb-000016
其中，t为迭代更新次数，[·] +表示非负保护，η t为更新步长。
具体的，基于非穷尽块坐标下降方法，将原问题拆分为三个分别只关于P a,P d,n a解耦的子问题，对每个子问题采用连续凸近似方法转化为凸问题，最后利用凸优化工具包CVX进行求解，得到更新后的原变量
Figure PCTCN2022093704-appb-000017
以一种场景举例，确定一个下行的多用户毫米波隐蔽通信场景，其中，基站(BS)配备有N a＝32根天线，并配备一个具有L a＝32的单指向波束的码本。毫米波系统工作在73GHz频段，带宽为100MHz。每帧包括波束训练和数据传输阶段，共有2048个符号。考虑K个同构用户，每个用户波束增益前的归一化信噪比|γ ak| 2/σ k 2为-3dB，窃听者波束增益前的归一化信噪比|γ aw| 2/σ w 2为-12dB。基站需要在一定隐蔽约束条件下，与K个用户同时完成波束训练过程，并选择相应的波束与用户完成数据传输，如图2所示。本公开实施例提供的下行多用户数据传输方法，具体包括以下步骤：
步骤210，对基站所有的单指向波束进行编号。首先，基站采用8个单指向波束的码本，将这8个单指向波束按中心角从0°到180°依次编号并一一映射。如图3所示，其中，波束编号二进制映射将每个单指向波束
Figure PCTCN2022093704-appb-000018
进行二进制编号映射，得到3位的二进制编号
Figure PCTCN2022093704-appb-000019
步骤220，基站端按二进制编号的每一位进行波束组合。如图3所示，
Figure PCTCN2022093704-appb-000020
共3位，选择所有第一位为1的单指向波束组合成一个多指向波束，组合方式如下：
Figure PCTCN2022093704-appb-000021
其中
Figure PCTCN2022093704-appb-000022
为归一化系数。同理可以组合得到w 2，w 3。
步骤230，基站依次发送w 1，w 2，w 3，每次持续相同的符号数量，三次共发送n a个导频序列，发送功率为P a。每个用户端按照提前同步好的符号时间，依次接收3组多指向波束对应的导频序列，分别计算3组的匹配滤波输出，如图3所示，匹配滤波输出分别为
Figure PCTCN2022093704-appb-000023
步骤240，用户端根据接收到的3组匹配滤波输出判断接收功率最大的单指向波束为8个中的哪一个。具体的，每个用户分别将
Figure PCTCN2022093704-appb-000024
与 阈值τ比较，若不小于阈值则记1，反之记0。然后将3次的结果按位组合成一个新的二进制编号
Figure PCTCN2022093704-appb-000025
该二进制编号对应该用户端的目标下行波束的二进制编号。
步骤250，基站端根据所有K个用户端反馈的目标下行波束的二进制编号，确定数据传输时的波束组合，组合方式如下：
Figure PCTCN2022093704-appb-000026
步骤260，对系统参数进行优化，确定最大多用户传输平均和速率，最大多用户传输平均和速率包括波束对准功率P a、数据传输功率P d以及训练所用符号总数n a。
步骤270，基站端按波束w d发送数据给每个用户，数据传输功率为P d，数据传输符号总数为n-n a。
具体的，为了更加清楚地说明本公开实施例提出的方法的技术效果，本公开实施例计算了以下三种性能曲线：
第一种性能曲线，误对准率曲线，如图4所示，其中，即使不考虑隐蔽性能约束，本公开实施例提出的方法(CMBTS)均优于传统时分的HS训练策略，且随着用户数量的上升，差距越来越显著。
第二种性能曲线，多用户毫米波隐蔽通信的平均和速率曲线，如图5所示，其中，本公开实施例提出的方法(CMBTS)得到的平均和速率均高于HS方法，且随着用户数量的上升，差距越来越显著。
第三种性能曲线，最优关键参数曲线，如图6所示，其中，最优关键参数包括波束对准功率P a、数据传输功率P d以及训练所用符号总数n a。随着隐蔽性等级的降低即随着∈的增大，系统最优波束对准功率和数据传输功率均上升，训练所需的最优训练所用符号总数下降。
综上，本公开实施例提出的方法，通过对基站端的单指向波束进行编号，根据编号后的单指向波束确定至少两组多指向波束；基站端依次发送至少两组多指向波束至所有用户端，并进行基站端到用户端的下行波束训练，从而确定每个用户端的目标下行波束；对毫米波隐蔽通信系统的参数进行优化，确定最大多用户传输平均和速率；基于每个用户端的目标下行波束和最大多用户传输平均和速率，控制用户端接收数据信号。本公开通过单指向波束根据编码组合成多指向波束，降低了下行波束训练时的导频符号开销，压缩了下行波束训练时的波束增益；通过提出一种新的波束训练方法，可以在保持毫米波隐蔽通信 系统优异对准性能的同时，增加下行波束训练过程的隐蔽性能；同时，无需根据用户端的反馈控制下行波束训练过程，因此可以满足多用户同时对准；其次，可以通过根据不同的信道、环境条件，计算得到最优的系统关键参数，从而指导系统的最佳部署。
为了实现上述实施例，本公开实施例还提出一种毫米波隐蔽通信的下行多用户波束对准和数据传输装置。
图7为本公开实施例提供的一种毫米波隐蔽通信的下行多用户波束对准和数据传输装置的结构示意图。
如图7所示，一种毫米波隐蔽通信的下行多用户波束对准和数据传输装置，包括：
构建模块710，用于对基站端的单指向波束进行编号，根据编号后的单指向波束确定至少两组多指向波束；
判决模块720，用于基站端依次发送至少两组多指向波束至所有用户端，并进行基站端到用户端的下行波束训练，从而确定每个用户端的目标下行波束；
优化模块730，用于对毫米波隐蔽通信系统的参数进行优化，确定最大多用户传输平均和速率；
传输模块740，用于基于每个用户端的目标下行波束和最大多用户传输平均和速率，控制用户端接收数据信号。
综上，本公开实施例提出的装置，通过构建模块对基站端的单指向波束进行编号，根据编号后的单指向波束确定至少两组多指向波束；判决模块通过基站端依次发送至少两组多指向波束至所有用户端，并进行基站端到用户端的下行波束训练，从而确定每个用户端的目标下行波束；优化模块对毫米波隐蔽通信系统的参数进行优化，确定最大多用户传输平均和速率；传输模块基于每个用户端的目标下行波束和最大多用户传输平均和速率，控制用户端接收数据信号。本公开通过单指向波束根据编码组合成多指向波束，降低了下行波束训练时的导频符号开销，压缩了下行波束训练时的波束增益；通过提出一种新的波束训练方法，可以在保持毫米波隐蔽通信系统优异对准性能的同时，增加下行波束训练过程的隐蔽性能；同时，无需根据用户端的反馈控制下行波束训练过程，因此可以满足多用户同时对准；其次，可以通过根据不同的信道、环境条件，计算得到最优的系统关键参数，从而指导系统的最佳部署。
为了实现上述实施例，本公开实施例还提出一种电子设备，包括：存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，处理器执行程序 时，实现如本公开前述实施例提出的毫米波隐蔽通信的下行多用户波束对准和数据传输方法。
为了实现上述实施例，本公开实施例还提出一种非临时性计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，该程序被处理器执行时实现如本公开前述实施例提出的毫米波隐蔽通信的下行多用户波束对准和数据传输方法。
为了实现上述实施例，本公开实施例还提出一种计算机程序产品，当计算机程序产品中的指令处理器执行时，执行如本公开前述实施例提出的毫米波隐蔽通信的下行多用户波束对准和数据传输方法。
为了实现上述实施例，本公开实施例还提出一种计算机程序，其中该计算机程序包括计算机程序代码，当该计算机程序代码在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行如本公开前述实施例提出的毫米波隐蔽通信的下行多用户波束对准和数据传输方法。
需要说明的是，前述对毫米波隐蔽通信的下行多用户波束对准和数据传输方法实施例的解释说明也适用于上述实施例中的毫米波隐蔽通信的下行多用户波束对准和数据传输装置、电子设备、非瞬时计算机可读存储介质、计算机程序产品和计算机程序，此处不再赘述。
需要说明的是，在本公开的描述中，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。此外，在本公开的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
流程图中或在此以其他方式描述的任何过程或方法描述可以被理解为，表示包括一个或更多个用于实现特定逻辑功能或过程的步骤的可执行指令的代码的模块、片段或部分，并且本公开的优选实施方式的范围包括另外的实现，其中可以不按所示出或讨论的顺序，包括根据所涉及的功能按基本同时的方式或按相反的顺序，来执行功能，这应被本公开的实施例所属技术领域的技术人员所理解。
应当理解，本公开的各部分可以用硬件、软件、固件或它们的组合来实现。在上述实施方式中，多个步骤或方法可以用存储在存储器中且由合适的指令执行系统执行的软件或固件来实现。例如，如果用硬件来实现，和在另一实施方式中一样，可用本领域公知的下列技术中的任一项或他们的组合来实现：具有用于对数据信号实现逻辑功能的逻辑门电路的离散逻辑电路，具有合适的组合逻辑门电路的专用集成电路，可编程门阵列(PGA)，现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)等。
本技术领域的普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法携带的全部或部分步骤是可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成，所述的程序可以存储于一种计算机可读存储介质中，该程序在执行时，包括方法实施例的步骤之一或其组合。
此外，在本公开各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理模块中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个模块中。上述集成的模块既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能模块的形式实现。所述集成的模块如果以软件功能模块的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，也可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。
上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器，磁盘或光盘等。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本公开的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本公开的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本公开的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本公开的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种毫米波隐蔽通信的下行多用户波束对准和数据传输方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    对基站端的单指向波束进行编号，根据编号后的单指向波束确定至少两组多指向波束；
    基站端依次发送所述至少两组多指向波束至所有用户端，并进行基站端到用户端的下行波束训练，从而确定每个用户端的目标下行波束；
    对毫米波隐蔽通信系统的参数进行优化，确定最大多用户传输平均和速率；
    基于每个用户端的目标下行波束和最大多用户传输平均和速率，控制用户端接收数据信号。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述对基站端的单指向波束进行编号，根据编号后的单指向波束确定至少两组多指向波束，包括：
    对基站端的单指向波束进行十进制编号，并确定每个单指向波束的十进制编号的二进制编号；
    将所述二进制编号中同位为1的单指向波束进行组合，得到至少两组多指向波束。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基站端依次发送所述至少两组多指向波束至所有用户端，并进行基站端到用户端的下行波束训练，从而确定每个用户端的目标下行波束，包括：
    基站端依次发送所述至少两组多指向波束至所有用户端，确定每个用户端每次的匹配滤波输出；
    在匹配滤波输出不小于阈值的情况下，则将匹配滤波结果记为1；在匹配滤波输出小于阈值的情况下，则将匹配滤波结果记为0；
    基站端依次发送所述至少两组多指向波束至所有用户端结束后，根据发送顺序，将任一用户端确定的所有匹配滤波结果组合为二进制编号；
    选择与用户端确定的所有匹配滤波结果组合的二进制编号相同的单指向波束作为用户端的目标下行波束。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基站端依次发送所述至少两组多指向波束至所有用户端，确定每个用户端每次的匹配滤波输出，包括：
    响应于基站端每次发送多指向波束至所有用户端，基站端发送预设数量的导频序列；
    确定每个用户端接收到的导频序列对应的观测信号的方向的组合；
    根据观测信号的方向的组合确定对应的用户端的匹配滤波输出。
  5. 如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述对毫米波隐蔽通信系统的参数进行优化，确定最大多用户传输平均和速率，包括：
    确定有限帧长下毫米波隐蔽通信系统的优化目标函数和约束条件；
    根据所述优化目标函数和约束条件确定有限帧长下毫米波隐蔽通信系统的优化问题；
    基于迭代算法对所述优化问题进行求解，确定最大多用户传输平均和速率。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述确定有限帧长下毫米波隐蔽通信系统的优化目标函数和约束条件，包括：
    确定每个用户端的目标下行波束的对准概率，根据所述对准概率确定每个用户端的传输平均和速率；
    根据每个用户端的传输平均和速率确定所述优化目标函数；
    根据基站端发送信号和不发送信号时窃听者接收到的信号序列的相对熵确定系统隐蔽性等级；
    根据所述系统隐蔽性等级确定所述约束条件。
  7. 如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，根据下式确定系统隐蔽性等级：
    Figure PCTCN2022093704-appb-100001
    ξ 1＝|γ aw| 2P a/σ w 2
    ξ 2＝|γ aw| 2P d/σ w 2
    其中，|γ aw| 2为窃听者到基站的路径衰减，σ w 2为窃听者接收噪声方差，ε为系统隐蔽性等级。
  8. 如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基于迭代算法对所述优化问题进行求解，确定最大多用户传输平均和速率，包括：
    采用拉格朗日乘子法将所述优化问题转化为原问题和对偶问题；
    基于迭代算法对对偶变量和原变量进行更新，得到更新后的对偶变量和更新后的原变量；
    根据更新后的对偶变量和更新后的原变量，确定更新后的多用户传输平均和速率；
    在更新后的多用户传输平均和速率与更新前的多用户传输平均和速率的差值小于预设阈值的情况下，或者迭代次数达到上限的情况下，则停止迭代算法 并输出更新后的多用户传输平均和速率。
  9. 如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基于迭代算法对对偶变量和原变量进行更新，得到更新后的对偶变量和更新后的原变量，包括：
    基于梯度下降算法对对偶变量进行更新；
    基于非穷尽块坐标下降方法，将原问题拆分为至少两个子问题，每个子问题中只有一种优化变量；
    基于连续凸近似方法，将所述子问题转化为凸问题，对所述凸问题进行求解，从而得到更新后的优化变量；
    根据所述更新后的优化变量确定更新后的原变量。
  10. 一种毫米波隐蔽通信的下行多用户波束对准和数据传输装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
    构建模块，用于对基站端的单指向波束进行编号，根据编号后的单指向波束确定至少两组多指向波束；
    判决模块，用于基站端依次发送所述至少两组多指向波束至所有用户端，并进行基站端到用户端的下行波束训练，从而确定每个用户端的目标下行波束；
    优化模块，用于对毫米波隐蔽通信系统的参数进行优化，确定最大多用户传输平均和速率；
    传输模块，用于基于每个用户端的目标下行波束和最大多用户传输平均和速率，控制用户端接收数据信号。
  11. 一种电子设备，包括：
    至少一个处理器；和
    与所述至少一个处理器通信连接的存储器；其特征在于，
    所述存储器存储有可被所述至少一个处理器执行的指令，所述指令被所述至少一个处理器执行，以使所述至少一个处理器能够执行权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法。
  12. 一种存储有计算机指令的非瞬时计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机指令用于使所述计算机执行权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法。
  13. 一种计算机程序产品，其特征在于，所述计算机程序产品中包括计算机程序代码，当所述计算机程序代码在计算机上运行时，实现如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法。
  14. 一种计算机程序，其特征在于，所述计算机程序包括计算机程序代码， 当所述计算机程序代码在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法。
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