WO2023095545A1 - 振動型駆動装置、振動型アクチュエータの制御装置および機器 - Google Patents
振動型駆動装置、振動型アクチュエータの制御装置および機器 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/0207—Driving circuits
- B06B1/0223—Driving circuits for generating signals continuous in time
- B06B1/0269—Driving circuits for generating signals continuous in time for generating multiple frequencies
- B06B1/0276—Driving circuits for generating signals continuous in time for generating multiple frequencies with simultaneous generation, e.g. with modulation, harmonics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
- B06B1/0644—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/02—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses
- G02B7/04—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses with mechanism for focusing or varying magnification
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B17/00—Details of cameras or camera bodies; Accessories therefor
- G03B17/56—Accessories
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G21/00—Arrangements not provided for by groups G03G13/00 - G03G19/00, e.g. cleaning, elimination of residual charge
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G21/00—Arrangements not provided for by groups G03G13/00 - G03G19/00, e.g. cleaning, elimination of residual charge
- G03G21/16—Mechanical means for facilitating the maintenance of the apparatus, e.g. modular arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/02—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing linear motion, e.g. actuators; Linear positioners ; Linear motors
- H02N2/06—Drive circuits; Control arrangements or methods
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vibration type drive device, an electronic device and an optical device equipped with a vibration type drive device, and a control device for a vibration type actuator.
- a vibration type actuator is a non-electromagnetic drive configured to bring a contact body and a vibrating body into contact with each other and take out vibration energy of high-frequency vibration generated in the vibrating body as a mechanical motion for relatively moving the contact body and the vibrating body.
- a vibrating body is generally constructed by bonding an electro-mechanical energy conversion element such as a piezoelectric element to an elastic body.
- a control device for controlling driving of the vibration type actuator has a pulse signal generating circuit for generating a pulse signal and a booster circuit for applying an AC voltage amplified by a transformer to the electro-mechanical energy converting element.
- a vibration actuator can control the relative movement speed between the contact body and the vibrating body by adjusting the frequency, amplitude, and phase difference of the AC voltage applied to the electro-mechanical energy conversion element. Therefore, the vibration type actuator is used, for example, to drive a focus lens for performing an autofocus operation in an imaging device as an optical device.
- High-precision positioning control is required for autofocus operation.
- the focus lens is controlled to stop at the target stop position after performing acceleration, constant velocity, and deceleration by position feedback control using a position sensor. be done.
- a booster circuit ( Resonance circuit) design is important.
- When using a booster circuit using a transformer it is necessary to adjust the circuit constant according to the frequency range used for driving the vibration type actuator. Adjustment by circuit constants must consider not only electrical elements such as transformers, coils and capacitors, but also equivalent coils and equivalent capacitors of the mechanical vibrating portion of the vibrator.
- the parallel resonance frequency generated by the electrostatic capacitance of the piezoelectric element and the output coil of the step-up transformer is the frequency at which the resonance frequency of the motor and the amplitude characteristic of the motor are at the lowest level first.
- a controller is described that is configured to be between
- An object of the present invention is to provide a vibration-type driving device capable of reducing power consumption when driving a vibration-type actuator.
- a vibration-type driving device includes a vibrating body having an elastic body and an electro-mechanical energy conversion element, and a contact body that contacts the elastic body. a vibration type actuator in which the body and the contact body move relative to each other;
- a driving unit having a transformer for transforming a drive signal generated in response to an input control signal is provided, the primary side of the transformer receives the drive signal, and the secondary side of the transformer is the electrical - a controller connected to the mechanical energy conversion element;
- a vibration type driving device comprising: Let f1 be the frequency of the drive signal at which the current flowing through the primary side of the transformer is minimal, and fu be the resonance frequency of a vibration mode other than the vibration used for relative movement between the vibrating body and the contact body, which is greater than f1. if 0.79 ⁇ f1/fu ⁇ 1.21, is characterized by satisfying the relationship of
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a vibration-type driving device according to a first embodiment
- FIG. 2A and 2B are diagrams for explaining a schematic configuration and vibration modes of a vibration-type actuator that constitutes the vibration-type drive device of FIG. 1
- FIG. 2A and 2B are diagrams for explaining a schematic configuration and vibration modes of a vibration-type actuator that constitutes the vibration-type drive device of FIG. 1
- FIG. 2A and 2B are diagrams for explaining a schematic configuration and vibration modes of a vibration-type actuator that constitutes the vibration-type drive device of FIG. 1
- FIG. 2A and 2B are diagrams for explaining a schematic configuration and vibration modes of a vibration-type actuator that constitutes the vibration-type drive device of FIG. 1
- FIG. 2A and 2B are diagrams for explaining a schematic configuration and vibration modes of a vibration-type actuator that constitutes the vibration-type drive device of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a vibration-type
- FIG. 2A and 2B are diagrams for explaining a schematic configuration and vibration modes of a vibration-type actuator that constitutes the vibration-type drive device of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 2A and 2B are diagrams for explaining a schematic configuration and vibration modes of a vibration-type actuator that constitutes the vibration-type drive device of FIG. 1;
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining admittance-frequency characteristics of a vibrating body that constitutes the vibration type actuator of the present invention;
- 2 is a circuit diagram of a driving circuit that constitutes the vibration type driving device of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a variation of the drive circuit of FIG. 4 (fourth embodiment);
- FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a variation of the drive circuit of FIG.
- 5 is a diagram for explaining a pulse signal output from a pulse signal generation circuit of the drive circuit of FIG. 4;
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a pulse signal output from a pulse signal generation circuit of the drive circuit of FIG. 4;
- It is a calculation result of the current flowing through the primary side coil of the transformer of the drive circuit of FIG. 4 (Example 11).
- It is a calculation result of the current flowing through the transformer primary side coil of the drive circuit of FIG. 4 (Example 9).
- 5 is a calculation result of the current flowing through the primary side coil of the transformer of the drive circuit of FIG. 4 (comparative example 1).
- 5 is a diagram showing drive characteristics of the vibration type drive device of Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing driving characteristics of a vibration type driving device of Comparative Example 2;
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing drive characteristics of the vibration type drive device of Example 9;
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing drive characteristics of the vibration type drive device of Example 10;
- It is a perspective view which shows the schematic structure of a lens drive mechanism.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing another configuration of the vibration actuator;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing still another configuration of the vibration type actuator;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing still another configuration of the vibration type actuator;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing still another configuration of the vibration type actuator;
- 1 is a diagram showing an example of a device with a vibratory drive;
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a device with a vibratory drive;
- vibration type driving device includes “vibration type actuator” and “control device”
- vibration type actuator includes “vibrating body” and “contact body”
- vibrating body includes “elastic actuator”.
- body and “electro-mechanical energy conversion element”.
- a vibration-type driving device includes a vibrating body having an elastic body and an electro-mechanical energy conversion element, and a contact body that contacts the elastic body. Moreover, it also has a vibration-type actuator in which the vibrating body and the contact body move relative to each other when the vibrating body vibrates. In addition, it has a driving unit provided with a transformer that transforms a driving signal generated according to an input control signal, the driving signal is input to the primary side of the transformer, and the secondary side of the transformer is the a controller connected to the electro-mechanical energy conversion element.
- f1 be the frequency of the drive signal at which the current flowing through the primary side of the transformer is minimal
- fu be the resonance frequency of a vibration mode other than the vibration used for relative movement between the vibrating body and the contact body, which is greater than f1.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a vibration-type driving device 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the vibration type driving device 10 has a vibration type actuator 200 and a control device 100 that controls driving of the vibration type actuator 200 .
- the control device 100 has a control section 110 that generates a control signal, a drive section 120 that receives the control signal and outputs an AC signal to be applied to the vibration type actuator 200, and a position sensor .
- the control unit 110 has a command unit 111 , a control calculation unit 112 and a relative position detection unit 113 .
- the drive unit 120 has a pulse signal generation circuit 121 and a booster circuit 122 .
- a vibration actuator 200 has a vibrating body 210 and a contact body 220 .
- the position sensor 130 is an encoder, for example, and detects the position of the contact body 220 .
- the position sensor 130 may be provided in the vibration actuator 200 separately from the control unit 110 and the driving unit 120 as hardware. Here, it is treated as being included in the control device 100 as a component necessary for controlling the vibration type actuator 200 .
- the command unit 111 generates a position command value for each time of the contact member 220 and sends it to the control calculation unit 112 .
- Relative position detector 113 detects the position of contact body 220 based on the output signal from position sensor 130 and sends the detected position signal to control calculator 112 .
- the control calculation unit 112 calculates the positional deviation between the position command value input from the command unit 111 and the position signal input from the relative position detection unit 113 , converts it into a control signal, and outputs it to the drive unit 120 .
- the control signal is a pulse signal for generating AC voltages V A and V B (described later with reference to FIG. 2B) to be applied to a piezoelectric element 211 (described later) (see FIG. 2A) that constitutes the vibrating body 210. is the control parameter of
- This control parameter is phase difference, frequency or pulse width, and is generated based on the position deviation.
- the relative driving speed and driving direction of the contact member 220 and the vibrating member 210 are controlled based on the control amounts of the control parameters of the phase difference, frequency, and pulse width output from the control unit 110 .
- the control unit 110 performs position feedback control for controlling the driving of the vibration actuator 200 based on the deviation between the position command value and the actual position of the contact member 220 every predetermined time.
- the control calculation unit 112 Although a PID calculator or the like is used for the control calculation unit 112, it is not limited to this. Further, although the position feedback control is performed here, the configuration is not limited to this, and the speed feedback control based on the speed deviation may be performed. Furthermore, in view of the purpose of reducing power consumption when driving the vibration type actuator 200, the configuration may be such that open drive control is performed without performing feedback control.
- the pulse signal generation circuit 121 generates pulse signals having different phases (A-phase pulse signal, A-phase inverted pulse signal, B-phase pulse signal and B-phase inverted pulse signal) based on control signals (phase difference, frequency, pulse width control amount).
- a signal (see FIGS. 6A and 6B) is generated and output to the booster circuit 122.
- the booster circuit 122 boosts the input signal generated by switching the DC power supply with the input pulse signal to a predetermined voltage with a transformer. By doing so, two-phase AC voltages V A and V B having substantially sinusoidal waveforms and different phases are generated.
- contact body 220 moves in a predetermined direction due to the frictional driving force received from vibrating body 210 .
- the position of contact body 220 is detected by position sensor 130 and a detection signal is sent to relative position detection section 113 .
- position feedback control of the vibration type actuator 200 is performed so that the actual position of the contact member 220 follows the position command value for each time.
- FIG. 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, and 2F are diagrams for explaining the schematic configuration of the vibration actuator 200 and the vibration modes excited in the vibrating body 210.
- FIG. FIG. 2A is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of the vibration actuator 200.
- FIG. A vibrating body 210 constituting the vibration-type actuator 200 has a substantially rectangular plate-shaped elastic body 212 and a substantially rectangular plate-shaped piezoelectric element 211 bonded to one surface of the elastic body 212 with an adhesive or the like.
- the other surface of the elastic body 212 (the surface opposite to the surface to which the piezoelectric element 211 is joined) is provided with projections 213 at two locations.
- FIG. 2B is a diagram showing an electrode pattern provided on the piezoelectric element 211.
- FIGS. 2C and 2D are diagrams for explaining the first vibration mode and the second vibration mode excited by the vibrating body 210, respectively, and FIGS. 2E and 2F are diagrams for explaining the unwanted vibration mode.
- the direction connecting the two protrusions 213 in the vibrating body 210 is defined as the X direction
- the thickness direction of the elastic body 212 is defined as the Z direction
- the direction orthogonal to the X and Z directions is defined as the Y direction.
- two electrode regions are formed that are substantially halved in the longitudinal direction (X direction). are in the same direction (+).
- one electrode common electrode is provided on substantially the entire surface of the piezoelectric element 211 that is joined to the elastic body 212 .
- an AC voltage V A is applied to the left electrode region, and an AC voltage V B is applied to the right electrode region.
- the piezoelectric element 211 as a whole expands at one moment and contracts at another moment.
- the vibrating body 210 generates vibration in the first-order out-of-plane bending vibration mode in which two nodes appear in the vibrating body 1 substantially parallel to the X direction, as shown in FIG. 2C (first vibration mode). .
- the vibrating body 210 When the AC voltages V A and V B are applied at a frequency near the resonance frequency of the vibrating body and the phase is shifted by 180°, at a certain moment, one electrode area of the piezoelectric element 211 shrinks and the other electrode area shrinks. is extended, and the opposite relationship occurs at another instant. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2D, the vibrating body 210 generates vibration in the secondary out-of-plane bending vibration mode in which three nodes appear in the vibrating body 210 substantially parallel to the Y direction (second vibration mode ).
- the electro-mechanical energy conversion element has the first electrode and the second electrode adjacent to each other, and the regions where the first electrode and the second electrode are respectively provided are the first region and the second region, , is configured to produce the following vibrations: That is, a first bending vibration mode in which both the first region and the second region expand or contract, and a second bending vibration mode in which the second region contracts and expands when the first region expands and contracts, respectively. form a mode.
- the AC voltages V A and V B are configured to have a frequency near the resonance frequency of the unwanted vibration mode, which is higher than the frequencies of the first and second vibration modes, and have a phase shift of 180°.
- one electrode area of the piezoelectric element 211 contracts at one moment while the other electrode area expands, and the opposite relationship occurs at another moment.
- vibration in the out-of-plane bending vibration mode occurs in the vibrating body 210 as shown in FIG. 2E (unwanted vibration mode).
- Vibration due to the unwanted vibration mode is high-order bending vibration, and as shown in FIG. It has a line Y1.
- One substantially parallel node line Y1 means that the node line Y1 is a continuous curve that intersects two long sides of the elastic body 212 and is parallel to the short side of the elastic body 212 without intersecting. means lined up.
- the two nodal lines X1 and X2 substantially parallel to the X direction of the elastic body 212 cross the two short sides of the elastic body 212 and each other in a continuous curve. It means that it is arranged in parallel with the long side without crossing the long side.
- the flat plate plane of the elastic body 212 is divided into three in the lateral direction of the elastic body 212, and the flat plate plane of the elastic body 212 is divided in the longitudinal direction of the elastic body 212.
- the vibration of a plate can be expressed in the form of the (m, n) order vibration mode.
- the (m, n) order vibration mode can be expressed in the vertical and horizontal directions according to the number of nodes of the standing wave of vibration.
- a mode with no node is denoted as primary, and a mode with one node is denoted as secondary. That is, in the case of a rectangular plate, a vibration mode in which there are m ⁇ 1 nodes in the vertical direction and n ⁇ 1 nodes in the horizontal direction is referred to as an (m, n)-order vibration mode.
- the unwanted vibration mode in this embodiment is expressed as the (m, n)-order vibration mode, it can be expressed as the (2, 3)-order vibration mode.
- the two protrusions 213 are arranged in the vicinity of the vibration antinode in the first vibration mode and in the vicinity of the vibration node in the second vibration mode. . Therefore, the first vibration mode and the second vibration mode are excited and superimposed such that the vibration phase difference is around ⁇ /2. By doing so, the tip of the protrusion 213 performs a pendulum motion with the node of vibration in the second vibration mode as a fulcrum to reciprocate in the X direction, and reciprocates in the Z direction by vibration in the first vibration mode. .
- the tip surface of the protrusion 213 is caused to make an elliptical motion in the XZ plane, and a frictional driving force is applied to the contact body 220 in contact with the tip face of the protrusion 213, thereby moving the contact body 220 in the X direction. It can be driven in the positive or negative direction.
- the driving speed of the contact member 220 can be adjusted by changing the phase difference between the AC voltages VA and VB .
- the amplitude of the unwanted vibration mode increases as the phase difference between the AC voltages V A and V B increases from 0 to ⁇ , and reaches its maximum amplitude when the phase difference is 180°.
- the protrusion 213 vibrates in the Z direction and does not cause elliptical vibration in the XZ plane. Therefore, the contact body cannot obtain a sufficient speed in the unwanted vibration mode, but power is consumed when the unwanted vibration mode is excited. The power consumed by the unwanted vibration is superimposed on the power consumed by the drive vibration.
- the first vibration mode and the second vibration mode are superimposed, and the contact member 220 in contact with the protrusion 213 is shifted. Although it can be moved in the X direction, an unwanted vibration mode having a resonance frequency close to that of the drive vibration is also excited at the same time.
- the present invention devises a drive circuit for suppressing power derived from this unnecessary vibration.
- a piezoelectric element is used as an electromechanical energy conversion element, and a configuration driven by two-phase AC voltages V A and V B is taken up. It can also be applied to drive and control vibration type actuators.
- a piezoelectric element is composed of a piezoelectric material and electrodes.
- Lead zirconate titanate (Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 ) which has excellent piezoelectric properties, is generally used as a piezoelectric material.
- a piezoelectric material having a lead content of less than 1000 ppm can be suitably used as the piezoelectric material.
- a lead content of less than 1000 ppm is preferable because the environmental impact is substantially negligible.
- a piezoelectric material containing less than 1000 ppm of lead is preferably made of a barium titanate-based material because it has a high piezoelectric constant and is relatively easy to manufacture.
- the barium titanate-based materials include barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ), barium calcium titanate ((Ba, Ca)TiO 3 ), barium zirconate titanate (Ba(Ti, Zr)O 3 ), titanic acid Barium calcium zirconate ((Ba, Ca) (Ti, Zr) O 3 ), sodium niobate-barium titanate (NaNbO 3 -BaTiO 3 ), bismuth sodium titanate-barium titanate ((Bi, Na) TiO 3 -BaTiO 3 ), bismuth potassium titanate-barium titanate ((Bi, K)TiO 3 -BaTiO 3 ), and materials containing these compositions as main components.
- barium calcium titanate zirconate (Ba, Ca) (Ti, Zr) O 3 , hereinafter BCTZ)
- BCTZ barium calcium titanate zirconate
- a major component is when the weight fraction of that material is greater than 50%.
- Mn and/or Bi may be included for the purpose of improving the mechanical quality factor or adjusting the phase transition temperature.
- BCTZ is specifically a piezoelectric material containing perovskite structure oxide containing Ba, Ca, Ti, and Zr, and Mn.
- the molar ratio x of Ca to the sum of Ba and Ca is 0.02 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.30.
- y which is the molar ratio of Zr to the sum of Ti and Zr, satisfies 0.020 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.095 and y ⁇ x.
- the ratio ⁇ between the molar amount of Ba and Ca and the molar amount of Ti and Zr is 0.9955 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1.01, and the content of Mn with respect to 100 parts by weight of the oxide is 0.02 in terms of metal. It is preferable in it being more than a weight part and 1.0 weight part or less.
- Such a piezoelectric material can be represented by the following general formula (1).
- x which indicates the molar ratio of Ca at the A site in general formula (1), is in the range of 0.02 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.30.
- the phase transition temperature between orthorhombic and tetragonal crystals shifts to the low temperature side, so that piezoelectric vibration is stable within the driving temperature range of the vibration type actuator. can be obtained.
- x is greater than 0.30, the piezoelectric constant of the piezoelectric material may not be sufficient, and the performance of the vibration actuator may be insufficient.
- dielectric loss (tan ⁇ ) may increase. If the dielectric loss increases, heat generation increases when a voltage is applied to the piezoelectric material to drive the vibration type actuator, which may reduce motor drive efficiency and increase power consumption.
- y which indicates the molar ratio of Zr at the B site, is in the range of 0.02 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.1. If y is larger than 0.1, the depolarization temperature Td becomes lower than 80°C, and the temperature range in which the vibration type actuator can be used becomes lower than 80°C, which is not preferable.
- the depolarization temperature Td is defined as one week after the polarization treatment, the piezoelectric material is heated from room temperature to Td, and the piezoelectric constant after cooling to room temperature again is higher than the piezoelectric constant before heating. It refers to the lowest temperature among the temperatures that decrease by more than 10%.
- ⁇ which indicates the ratio between the molar amounts of Ba and Ca at the A site and the molar amounts of Ti and Zr at the B site, is in the range of 0.9955 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1.010. preferable. This is because when it is within the above range, abnormal grain growth is less likely to occur, and the mechanical strength is good. On the other hand, if ⁇ is less than 0.9955, abnormal grain growth tends to occur in the crystal grains forming the piezoelectric material, and the mechanical strength of the piezoelectric material may decrease. On the other hand, if ⁇ is greater than 1.010, the piezoelectric material may not be densified and may become extremely fragile.
- the molar ratio of the B-site element and the O element is 1:3. Included in the scope. Whether the metal oxide has a perovskite structure can be determined from structural analysis using, for example, X-ray diffraction or electron beam diffraction.
- the content of Mn is preferably 0.02 parts by weight or more and 0.40 parts by weight or less in terms of metal with respect to 100 parts by weight of the metal oxide.
- Mn is contained within the above range, the insulating properties and the mechanical quality factor Qm are improved.
- the mechanical quality factor Qm is a factor representing elastic loss due to vibration when evaluating a piezoelectric material as a vibrator, and the magnitude of the mechanical quality factor is observed as the sharpness of the resonance curve in impedance measurement. be. In other words, it is a constant representing the sharpness of resonance of the vibrator.
- the mechanical quality factor Qm is large, the amount of strain in the piezoelectric material increases in the vicinity of the resonance frequency, and the piezoelectric material can be vibrated effectively.
- the metal conversion indicating the content of Mn means that the elements constituting the metal oxide represented by the general formula (1) are converted into oxides from the contents of each metal of Ba, Ca, Ti, Zr and Mn, and the It represents the relative weight of Mn when the total weight is 100.
- the effect of the polarization treatment required for driving the vibration type actuator may not be sufficient.
- the content of Mn is more than 0.40 parts by weight, the piezoelectric properties of the piezoelectric material may become insufficient, or a hexagonal crystal structure having no piezoelectric properties may develop.
- Mn is not limited to metal Mn, and may be contained in the piezoelectric material as a Mn component, and the form of inclusion is not a concern. For example, it may be dissolved in the B site, or may be included in the grain boundary. Alternatively, the Mn component may be contained in the piezoelectric ceramics 1 in the form of metal, ion, oxide, metal salt, complex, or the like. A more preferable mode of inclusion is to form a solid solution at the B site from the viewpoint of insulation and ease of sintering.
- the piezoelectric material preferably contains 0.042 parts by weight or more and 0.850 parts by weight or less of Bi in terms of metal.
- the piezoelectric material may contain 0.85 parts by weight or less of Bi in terms of metal with respect to 100 parts by weight of the metal oxide represented by the general formula (1).
- Bi may exist at the grain boundaries of the ceramic-like piezoelectric material, or may be dissolved in the perovskite structure of (Ba, Ca)(Ti, Zr)O 3 .
- the addition of Bi increases the mechanical quality factor and lowers the successive phase transition temperature, thereby reducing the temperature dependence of the piezoelectric constant.
- the piezoelectric material may contain components other than the elements contained in the general formula (1) and Mn and Bi (hereinafter referred to as subcomponents) within a range in which the characteristics do not change.
- the total amount of subcomponents is preferably less than 1.2 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the metal oxide represented by formula (1). If the subcomponent exceeds 1.2 parts by weight, the piezoelectric properties and insulating properties of the piezoelectric material may deteriorate.
- the means for measuring the composition of the piezoelectric material is not particularly limited. Examples of means include X-ray fluorescence analysis, ICP emission spectrometry, atomic absorption analysis, and the like. By using any measurement means, the weight ratio and composition ratio of each element contained in the piezoelectric material can be calculated.
- Fig. 3 shows an example of the impedance characteristics of the vibrating body (the vertical axis is the admittance).
- the horizontal axis is the frequency
- the frequency at which the admittance peaks corresponds to the frequency of each vibration mode, and indicates the easiness of current flow, that is, the magnitude of the vibration mode.
- This characteristic is obtained by applying a small-amplitude (for example, 50 to 500 mV) AC signal to the piezoelectric element and frequency-analyzing the response result, and can be measured using an impedance analyzer or the like.
- the first and second vibration modes shown in FIGS. 2C and 2D are two driving vibrations with peaks at frequencies of 95 to 105 kHz.
- the first vibration mode and the second vibration mode must be operated while the vibrating body is not pressed against the contact body.
- the second vibration mode is located on the higher frequency side than the first vibration mode.
- the resonance frequency changes depending on the shape of the piezoelectric element and elastic body used.
- the unwanted vibration mode shown in FIG. 2E above is vibration with a peak at frequencies of 115 to 125 kHz.
- the frequency at which this admittance is maximized is the resonance frequency fu of the unwanted vibration.
- the resonance frequency difference ( ⁇ f2) between fu and the second vibration mode is preferably 15 to 25 kHz, and the unwanted vibration mode is positioned on the higher frequency side than the second vibration mode.
- a partial frequency band between the higher one of the resonance frequencies of the first and second vibration modes and the resonance frequency fu of the unwanted vibration mode is the frequency range used to drive the vibration actuator 200. .
- the frequency of each vibration mode varies depending on the density, Young's modulus, and shape of the piezoelectric element and elastic body.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of the driving section 120 that constitutes the vibration type driving device of the present invention.
- An equivalent circuit of the vibrating body 210 is composed of an RLC series circuit corresponding to the mechanical vibration of the vibrating body 210 and a capacitance Cd214 of the piezoelectric element 211 connected in parallel to the RLC series circuit.
- elements represented by two RLC series circuits corresponding to drive vibration and unwanted vibration are shown in parallel with capacitance 214 .
- the first vibration mode and the second vibration mode described above with reference to FIGS. 2C and 2D are used to drive the vibration type actuator of the present invention. , the frequencies of both vibration modes generally overlap. Therefore, on the equivalent circuit, the first vibration mode and the second vibration mode are combined and explained as an element responsible for one driving vibration.
- the drive frequency fm is the frequency at which the admittance is maximized in the first vibration mode.
- An RLC series circuit is composed of an equivalent coil, an equivalent capacitor and an equivalent resistance.
- Lm, Cm, and Rm be the capacitance, inductance, and resistance corresponding to the element responsible for driving oscillations, respectively.
- the equivalent circuit constants (Lm, Cm, Rm) of the drive vibration can be obtained by causing the vibrator to generate the first vibration mode, detecting the change in admittance at that time, and performing equivalent circuit analysis on the detection result. Since the change in admittance is greater in the first vibration mode than in the second vibration mode, the two can be distinguished.
- the equivalent circuit constants (Lu, Cu, Ru) of unwanted vibration can be obtained by equivalent circuit analysis of the admittance change due to the unwanted vibration mode.
- the capacitance Cd214 is the capacitance when a signal with a frequency (for example, 1 kHz) far enough from mechanical vibration is applied to the piezoelectric element.
- the step-up transformer 1222 has a magnetically coupled primary coil 1222a and secondary coil 1222b. A current flows through the primary coil 1222a to generate magnetic flux, and a current inductively flows through the secondary coil 1222b to generate a transformed voltage.
- the number of turns of the secondary side coil 1222b is set to about several to 22 times that of the primary side coil 1222a, and the primary side voltage amplitude is amplified according to the ratio of the number of turns.
- the current flowing through the primary side coil 1222a of the transformer 1222 is an alternating current that flows to the GND side through the coil 1221 and the primary side coil 1222a via the switching element selected from the power supply side of the pulse signal generating circuit 121. Therefore, the power consumption on the primary side of the transformer 1222 changes depending on the ON resistance of the switching element, the resistance components of the coil 1221 and the primary side coil 1222a, and the current values. Due to the turns ratio in the transformer 1222, the primary side current is larger than the secondary side current in this embodiment, so the power consumption is also increased.
- the current flowing on the secondary side of the transformer 1222 is an alternating current that flows through at least one of the electrostatic capacitance Cd 214 of the piezoelectric element 211 and the mechanical vibrating portion (RLC series circuit) through the secondary coil 1222b.
- the electrical resonance frequency fe of the vibration type driving device in this embodiment can be adjusted by the transformer 1222, the coil 1221 and the capacitance Cd214 of the piezoelectric element. By adjusting the electrical resonance frequency fe, it is possible to adjust the magnitudes of the voltages V A and V B in the driving frequency range.
- 'Le' is the inductance of the coil 1221
- 'L1' is the inductance of the transformer primary coil 1222a
- 'L2' is the transformer secondary coil 1222b
- 'M' is the mutual inductance of the transformer 1222. It is represented by the following formula 2.
- 'Cd' is the capacitance of the piezoelectric element 214;
- the electric resonance frequency fe is higher than the drive frequency by a certain amount.
- the drive frequency when it is in the range of 1.4 to 1.8 times the central value of the drive frequency region, power consumption due to unnecessary vibration and harmonics can be kept small, which is preferable. This is because if fe is less than 1.4 times, the voltage applied to the unwanted vibration mode increases, and the power due to unwanted vibration increases. On the other hand, if fe is greater than 1.8 times the drive frequency, the harmonics generated by the power source in addition to the fundamental wave will be boosted, increasing the power.
- the electrical resonance frequency fe can also be adjusted by changing the inductance Le of the coil 1221.
- a capacitor may be connected in parallel to the oscillator on the secondary side of the transformer 1222 for the purpose of adjusting fe.
- FIG. 5A shows a circuit 501A in which a capacitor 2141 is connected in parallel with the piezoelectric element on the secondary side of the transformer 1222.
- FIG. 4 shows a vibration-type driving device having one vibrating body 210 as a representative example
- a plurality of equivalent vibrating bodies may be prepared to drive one contact body.
- an equivalent circuit in the case of having a composite vibrating body 2103 made up of three vibrating bodies 210 is shown as circuit 501B in FIG. 5B.
- FIG. 4 shows only the circuit configuration for generating the AC voltage VA , and the illustration of the circuit configuration for generating the AC voltage VB is omitted. Since the circuit configuration for generating the AC voltage VB is the same as the circuit configuration for generating the AC voltage VA , redundant description will be omitted.
- the driving section 120 is roughly composed of a pulse signal generating circuit 121 and a boosting circuit 122 .
- the pulse signal generation circuit 121 has an oscillator that generates a pulse signal and a switching circuit (H bridge circuit) that switches a DC power supply according to the pulse signal output from the oscillator.
- the switching circuit outputs an AC pulse signal Vi. .
- FIG. 6A is a timing chart of the pulse signal output from the oscillator of the pulse signal generating circuit 121.
- the oscillator generates an A-phase pulse signal (A+) and an A-phase pulse signal that is 180 degrees out of phase with the A-phase pulse signal based on a control signal having information on the phase difference, frequency, and pulse width input from the control unit 110. Outputs an inverted pulse signal (A-).
- a DC-DC converter circuit (not shown) that supplies a DC power supply is connected to the switching circuit, and the pulse signal output by the oscillator turns on/off the switching element to generate an AC pulse signal that is a rectangular wave AC voltage. Vi is generated and output to the booster circuit 122 .
- the pulse signal generation circuit 121 controls the pulse width (pulse duty) of the A-phase pulse signal and the A-phase inverted pulse signal by PWM (pulse width modulation) control so as to obtain the AC pulse signal Vi with a desired voltage amplitude. to adjust.
- the pulse width is set based on a control signal input from control section 110 . Further, in the present embodiment, a full-bridge driven switching circuit is used, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a half-bridge driven switching circuit or the like may be used.
- the AC pulse signal Vi generated by the pulse signal generation circuit 121 is input to the booster circuit 122 .
- the booster circuit 122 is composed of a coil 1221 and a transformer 1222 that form a resonance circuit together with the capacitance 214 of the piezoelectric element 211.
- Vo By boosting the AC pulse signal Vi to a desired output voltage Vo, a substantially sinusoidal waveform is generated. Generating an alternating voltage VA . It does not matter which polarity the transformer 1222 has.
- the oscillator of the pulse signal generating circuit 121 generates the B-phase pulse signal (B+) and the phase of the B-phase pulse signal is 180° based on the control signal having the information of the phase difference, frequency, and pulse width from the control unit 110 .
- a phase-shifted B-phase inversion pulse signal (B-) is output (see FIG. 6A).
- the alternating voltage VB is generated in the same manner as the alternating voltage VA is generated.
- FIG. 6B is a timing chart explaining the phase difference between the A-phase pulse signal and the B-phase pulse signal.
- the A-phase pulse signal and the B-phase pulse signal both have a duty of 50% and a phase difference of +90 degrees.
- the time from t0 to t4 is one cycle of the frequency for driving the vibration type actuator 200, and the rises of the A-phase pulse signal and the B-phase pulse signal are shifted by 1/4 cycle.
- the frequency f1 of the control signal at which the primary current of the transformer constituting the vibration type drive device is minimized is characterized by being set.
- the power consumption of the booster circuit 122 in the drive frequency range can be reduced by matching or approximating the frequency f1 and the resonance frequency fu of the unwanted vibration.
- f1/fu which is the ratio of the resonance frequency fu of the unwanted vibration to the frequency f1
- f1/fu is set so as to satisfy the relationship of 0.79 ⁇ f1/fu ⁇ 1.21.
- 7A, 7B, and 7C show the frequency characteristics of the transformer primary side current when the vibration type driving device of this embodiment is driven.
- the vibration actuators of the vibration actuators corresponding to Figs. 7A, 7B, and 7C are the same, and the coils 1221 and the transformers 1222 in the driving parts are different.
- circuit simulation software (collectively called SPICE) can be used to obtain the frequency f1 described above.
- SPICE circuit simulation software
- the frequency f1 can be easily obtained even when the vibrator has a plurality of RLC series circuits, that is, a plurality of mechanical vibration modes.
- Frequency f1 can be obtained simply by the following formula 3. That is, the inductance Lm215a of the drive vibration equivalent coil, the capacitance Cm216a of the drive vibration equivalent capacitor, the capacitance Cd214, and the inductance L2 of the transformer secondary coil 1222B are substituted into the following equation 3.
- the frequency f1 is a function of the parameters related to the vibrating body 210 and the inductance L2 of the secondary coil 1222b of the transformer 1222. That is, by changing the inductance L2, the frequency f1 can be adjusted without changing the vibrator 210.
- a decrease in current corresponding to frequency f1 is observed in addition to a decrease in current corresponding to drive vibration and unwanted vibration.
- the vertical axis of the graph in FIG. 7A indicates the current flowing through the transformer primary coil 1222a in the eleventh embodiment.
- f1 is positioned between the drive vibration and the unwanted vibration.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B satisfy the relationship of 0.79 ⁇ f1/fu ⁇ 1.21, and by arranging f1 coincident with or close to fu, it is possible to suppress power consumption due to unwanted vibrations. .
- f1 is set to 86.9 kHz or more and less than 152.1 kHz, so that the vibration type actuator can be driven while suppressing power consumption more effectively.
- the electrostatic capacitance Cd214 of the piezoelectric element and the equivalent circuit constant of the mechanical vibration are not a little dependent on temperature, so the frequency f1 changes according to the temperature at which the vibration type actuator is driven.
- the piezoelectric element is made of a piezoelectric material that undergoes a sequential phase transition at a temperature lower than room temperature, f1 changes remarkably depending on the ambient temperature.
- the vibration type actuator of the present embodiment it is preferable to configure the vibration type actuator of the present embodiment so that f1 satisfies the relationship of 0.79 ⁇ f1/fu ⁇ 1.21 with the resonance frequency fu of the unwanted vibration even at -30°C.
- f1 satisfies the relationship of 0.79 ⁇ f1/fu ⁇ 1.21 with the resonance frequency fu of the unwanted vibration even at -30°C.
- the piezoelectric element 211 is composed of the aforementioned BCTZ, when the temperature of the piezoelectric element 211 is lowered from room temperature to ⁇ 30° C., the vibration characteristics of the piezoelectric element 211 change compared to room temperature.
- the capacitance Cd, the inductance corresponding to the equivalent coil of vibration, the capacitance corresponding to the equivalent capacitor, and the resistance value corresponding to the equivalent resistance change.
- the frequency f1 at which the current flowing through the primary side of the transformer is minimized under the -30° C. environment shifts to the low frequency side with respect to f1 at room temperature.
- the resonance frequency fu of unwanted vibrations also shifts to the low frequency side at low temperatures, but since the shift of f1 is greater, f1/fu at -30°C is smaller than at room temperature.
- f1/fu is 0.91 ⁇ f1/fu ⁇ 1.21 at room temperature, the relationship of 0.79 ⁇ f1/fu ⁇ 1.21 can be satisfied even at ⁇ 30° C., which is preferable.
- 1.0 ⁇ f1/fu ⁇ 1.21 is preferable because power consumption caused by unnecessary vibration can be further suppressed.
- f1/fu is in the range of 1.0 ⁇ f1/fu ⁇ 1.21
- the current becomes a minimum value on the high frequency side of the drive vibration (FIG. 7B). Therefore, it is possible to further suppress electric power caused by unnecessary vibration in a frequency region close to the driving vibration, which is preferable.
- FIG. 7C shows the current flowing through the transformer primary coil 1222a in the vibration type driving device that does not satisfy the relationship 0.79 ⁇ f1/fu ⁇ 1.21 (Comparative Example 1).
- the booster circuit 122 is designed so that the frequency f1 at which the primary current of the transformer 1222 is minimized and the resonance frequency fu of unwanted vibration satisfy the relationship of 0.79 ⁇ f1/fu ⁇ 1.21. .
- 8A, 8B and 9A, 9B show the driving speed (moving speed of the contact body 220) and power consumption when the vibration type actuator is driven by sweeping the frequency of the driving voltage from the high frequency side to the low frequency side. and the drive frequency.
- the phase difference between the drive voltages applied to the two electrodes of the piezoelectric element is 90°.
- the frequency of the driving voltage at which the admittance is maximized in the first vibration mode is assumed to be the driving frequency fm.
- the frequency at which the velocity profile drawn by the solid line takes a maximum value roughly corresponds to the driving frequency fm.
- Figures 8A and 8B correspond to Comparative Examples 1 and 2, respectively.
- f1 is not near the unwanted vibration frequency fu, and f1/fu is smaller than 0.79.
- the drive voltage frequency passes the unwanted vibration frequency fu, the power derived from the unwanted vibration gradually decreases with respect to the drive voltage frequency. Therefore, in a drive region between fu and fm where the speed is greater than 0, the powers of both are superimposed and increased.
- the power decreases as the driving frequency decreases, reaches a minimum value, and then increases as it asymptotically approaches the driving oscillation.
- the sign of the slope of the power with respect to the driving voltage frequency is reversed at the frequency at which the power is minimized.
- the power at 25 mm/s (P25mm /s ) is smaller than the power at 100 mm/s (P100mm /s ).
- P 25 mm/s is larger than P 100 mm/s , and controllability is poor.
- Example 9A and 9B correspond to Examples 9 and 10, respectively.
- Example 10 is obtained by cooling the vibration type actuator used in Example 9 to -30°C.
- f1 is in the vicinity of the unwanted vibration frequency fu, satisfying the relationship 0.79 ⁇ f1/fu ⁇ 1.21. Therefore, when the drive voltage frequency passes the resonance frequency of the unwanted vibration, compared to Comparative Examples 1 and 2 (see FIGS. 8A and 8B) in which f1/fu is outside the scope of the present invention, The power rapidly decreases and reaches a local minimum. Controllability is good, P 25 mm/s is smaller than P 100 mm/s .
- the unnecessary vibration frequency fu should be increased and separated from fm. However, if the design of the vibrator is changed to increase fu-fm, fu-fm increases and ⁇ f decreases to less than 1 kHz. If ⁇ f ⁇ 1 kHz, the driving characteristics of the vibration type actuator are significantly degraded, which is not preferable.
- fu-fm is 18.0 to 23 kHz, that is, the relationship 23 ⁇ fu-fm ⁇ 18 kHz is satisfied.
- the evaluation rank of power consumption is expressed as relative values in four stages based on '1.0 ⁇ f1/fu ⁇ 1.21', which is the condition for the lowest power consumption.
- P 25 mm/s > P 100 mm/s .
- rank 2 and rank 1
- P 25 mm/s ⁇ P 100 mm/s .
- P 100 mm/s ⁇ 575 mW for rank 3 P 100 mm/s ⁇ 550 mW for rank 2
- rank 1 has the lowest power consumption
- rank 4 conversely rank 4 has the highest power consumption.
- the vibration type actuator Controllability can be improved and power consumption can be reduced.
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a schematic structure of a lens driving mechanism 900 of a lens barrel provided in the imaging apparatus. Illustration of the control device 100 is omitted.
- a lens driving mechanism 900 includes a lens holder 902, a vibrating body 901 for driving the lens holder 902, a pressure magnet 905, a first guide bar 903, a second guide bar 904, and a base (not shown).
- a lens holder 902 is a component corresponding to the contact body 2 in FIG. 2A.
- the lens holder 902 has a cylindrical body portion 902a, a holding portion 902b that holds the vibrating body 901 and the pressurizing magnet 905, and a first guide bar 903 that are fitted together to form a first guide portion. 1 guide portion 902c and drop-off prevention portion 902d.
- a lens 907 is held in the body portion 902a.
- the first guide bar 903 and the second guide bar 904 are arranged parallel to each other, and both ends of the first guide bar 903 and the second guide bar 904 are fixed to a base (not shown). .
- the lens 907 optical element
- the lens 907 optical element
- the pressurizing magnet 905 that constitutes the pressurizing means is composed of a permanent magnet and two yokes arranged at both ends of the permanent magnet. A magnetic circuit is formed between the pressurizing magnet 905 and the second guide bar 904, and an attractive force is generated between these members. As a result, the tips of the two protrusions provided on the vibrating body 901 are held in a state of being pressed against the second guide bar 904 with a predetermined force, forming a second guide portion.
- a constant gap is provided between the pressing magnet 905 and the second guide bar 904 . Therefore, if the second guide section receives an external force or the like, there is a possibility that the protrusion of the vibrating body 901 and the second guide bar 904 are separated from each other. However, at that time, the drop-off preventing portion 902d provided on the lens holder 902 comes into contact with the second guide bar 904, and the holding portion 902b of the lens holder 902 returns to its original position. As a result, the protrusion of the vibrating body 901 is configured to return to the state of contacting the second guide bar 904 .
- the vibrating body 901 has the same structure as the vibrating body 210 described in the first embodiment, and detailed description of its configuration is omitted.
- a two-phase AC voltage to the piezoelectric element of the vibrating body 901 , elliptical vibration is generated in the two projections, and a frictional driving force is generated between the vibrating body 901 and the second guide bar 904 .
- the generated friction driving force moves the lens holder 902 along the length of the first guide bar 903 and the second guide bar 904. You can move along the direction. In this way, an autofocus operation can be performed by adjusting the position of the lens 907 .
- the lens driving mechanism 900 uses magnetic force (pressing magnet 905) as the pressurizing mechanism, the present invention is not limited to this, and an urging force of a spring may be used.
- the lens drive mechanism 900 is configured as a linear vibration drive device, it is not limited to this, and the lens drive mechanism may be configured as a rotary vibration actuator in combination with an annular contact body. can. That is, the rotational force of the contact body is used to rotate the annular member holding the lens. Convert to displacement. Thereby, the lens can be moved in the optical axis direction.
- the vibration-type driving device is suitable for driving the focus lens (optical element) in the imaging device, but it is not limited to this, and it is possible to drive the zoom lens (optical element) with a similar configuration.
- the vibration-type driving device can also be used as a mechanism for driving a lens (optical element) or an imaging element (optical element) in order to correct camera shake.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the vibration type actuator 23A in the third embodiment, showing a plan view on the upper side and a side view on the lower side.
- the vibration type actuator 23A has vibrating bodies 1A, 1B, 1C and a contacting body 2A.
- the vibrating bodies 1A, 1B, and 1C are equivalent to the vibrating body 210 described with reference to FIG. 2A, and therefore detailed descriptions of their configurations are omitted.
- the contact body 2A has a disk shape.
- the vibrating bodies 1A, 1B, and 1C are arranged so that the line connecting the respective two protrusions 213 (reference numerals are omitted in FIG. 11) is the tangent line of the circle centered on the rotation center of the contact body 2A. They are held on one plane of an annular base plate 43 at regular intervals in the circumferential direction.
- each of the vibrating bodies 1A, 1B, and 1C is in contact with one surface of the contact body 2A, and a rotating shaft 47 is coaxially fixed to the center of the contact body 2A.
- a disk-shaped scale portion 48 is coaxially fixed to the rotating shaft 47, and the scale portion 48 rotates at the same angular velocity as the contact member 2A.
- a position sensor 46 is arranged so as to face the scale portion 48 . Based on the result of reading the scale (not shown) of the scale portion 48 by the position sensor 46, the rotation angle (rotation position) or rotation speed of the contact body 2A can be detected, and feedback control is performed based on the detection result.
- a control device including a drive circuit having a booster circuit 501B shown in FIG. 5B is used to drive the vibration type actuator 23A.
- the output voltage Vo output from the booster circuit 105B is supplied as a two-phase AC voltage to the piezoelectric elements 211 of the vibrating bodies 1A, 1B, and 1C connected in parallel through the flexible cable 49, and the vibrating bodies 1A, 1B, and 1C are connected. are driven simultaneously.
- the vibrating bodies 1A, 1B, and 1C For example, by causing the vibrating bodies 1A, 1B, and 1C to generate friction driving forces in directions indicated by arrows M1, M2, and M3 in FIG. can be rotated. At this time, by using the three vibrating bodies 1A, 1B, and 1C, a large torque, which is the sum of the torques generated by the vibrating bodies, can be obtained. As is well known, the rotation speed and rotation direction can be adjusted by adjusting the phases of the two-phase AC voltages.
- FIG. 12A is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a vibrating body 51 and a contact body 52 that constitute a vibration type actuator 23B according to the fourth embodiment.
- the vibrating body 51 and the contact body 52 both have an annular shape and are coaxially arranged, and the contact body 52 is in contact with the vibrating body 51 while being rotatably supported.
- a part of the contact body 52 is cut away.
- FIG. 12B is a plan view illustrating the electrodes of the annular piezoelectric element 54 provided on the vibrating body 51.
- the vibrating body 51 has a structure in which an annular piezoelectric element 54 is adhered to the lower surface of an annular elastic body (the surface opposite to the contact surface with respect to the contact body 52).
- the annular piezoelectric element 54 is formed with an electrode pattern divided into 16 equal parts in the circumferential direction and divided into 4 phases.
- a control device including a drive circuit having the booster circuit 501A described with reference to FIG. 5A is preferably used to drive the vibration type actuator 23B.
- the contact body 52 can be rotationally driven. Note that the number of waves of progressive vibration generated in the vibrating body 51 is not limited to four. Further, since vibration type actuators that operate according to such a driving principle are well known, a more detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- FIG. 12C is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of the rotary drive device 50 using the vibration type actuator 23B.
- the vibrating body 51 is fixed to the housing 53 with screws or the like. Note that the vibrating body 51 is in contact with a friction material provided on the contact body 52 .
- An output shaft 55 for extracting the rotational motion of the contact member 52 is rotatably supported by the housing 53 by a ball bearing 56, and a pressure spring 58 urges the contact member 52 to come into contact with the vibrating member 51. , to transmit the rotation of the contact member 52 to the output shaft 55 .
- the output shaft 55 is connected via a mechanism (not shown) to a drive unit 60 such as various devices using the rotary drive device 50 as a drive source. ).
- FIG. 13A is a front view showing a schematic configuration of a camera platform device 70 having a rotary drive device 50.
- the pan head device 70 has a structure in which a camera (imaging device, rotated device) fixed to a mounting base 71 (holding member) can be rotated in the pan direction by the rotary drive device 50 .
- FIG. 13B is a front view showing the configuration of a transfer drum 81 (rotary drum) of an image forming apparatus or the like, which is rotationally driven by the rotational drive device 50.
- the transfer drum 80 is directly connected to the output shaft 55 and rotates by receiving the rotational driving force of the output shaft 55 .
- the present invention has been described in detail based on its preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited to these specific embodiments, and various forms without departing from the gist of the present invention can be applied to the present invention. included.
- the object to be driven by the control device provided with the booster circuit according to the present embodiment is not limited to vibration actuators, and can be used to control, for example, vibration devices using piezoelectric elements, power generation devices, piezoelectric transducers, and the like.
- the movably arranged contact member is assumed to move with respect to the fixed vibrator, but the reverse configuration may be adopted.
- vibration type driving device 100 control device 110 control section 111 command section 112 control calculation section 113 relative position detection section 120 drive section 121 pulse signal generation circuit 122 booster circuit 1221 coil 1222 transformer 1222a transformer primary coil 1222b transformer secondary coil 130 Position sensor 200 Vibration type actuator 210 Vibrating body 2103 Composite vibrating body 220 Contact body 900 Lens drive mechanism 60 Drive unit for various devices 70 Camera platform device 71 Mounting base (holding member) 80 Rotating drums of image forming devices, etc.
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- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
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- Accessories Of Cameras (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
入力された制御信号に応じて発生させた駆動信号を変圧するトランスが配された駆動部を有し、前記トランスの一次側は前記駆動信号が入力され、前記トランスの二次側は前記電気-機械エネルギ変換素子と接続されている制御装置と、
を備える振動型駆動装置であって、
前記トランスの一次側に流れる電流が極小となる前記駆動信号の周波数をf1とし、前記f1より大きい、前記振動体と前記接触体との相対移動に用いる振動以外の振動モードの共振周波数をfuとした場合に、
0.79≦f1/fu≦1.21、
の関係が満たされることを特徴とする。
図1は、第1実施形態に係る振動型駆動装置10の概略構成を示すブロック図である。振動型駆動装置10は、振動型アクチュエータ200と、振動型アクチュエータ200の駆動を制御する制御装置100を有する。制御装置100は、制御信号を生成する制御部110と、その制御信号を受け振動型アクチュエータ200に印加される交流信号を出力する駆動部120と、位置センサ130を有する。制御部110は、指令部111、制御演算部112及び相対位置検出部113を有する。駆動部120は、パルス信号発生回路121と昇圧回路122を有する。振動型アクチュエータ200は、振動体210と接触体220を有する。
(Ba1-xCax)α(Ti1-yZry)O3 一般式(1)
ただし、
0.986≦α≦1.100、
0.02≦x≦0.30、
0.02≦y≦0.095
RLC直列回路は、等価コイル、等価コンデンサ及び等価抵抗により構成される。駆動振動を担う要素に対応するキャパシタンス、インダクタンス、および抵抗をそれぞれLm、Cm、およびRmとする。駆動振動の等価回路定数(Lm,Cm,Rm)は振動体に第1の振動モードを発生させて、その際のアドミッタンス変化を検出し、検出結果を等価回路分析することによって求めることができる。第1の振動モードの方が第2の振動モードよりもアドミッタンスの変化が大きいので、両者を区別することができる。
昇圧用のトランス1222は、磁気的に結合した一次側コイル1222aと二次側コイル1222bを有する。一次側コイル1222aに電流が流れることで磁束が発生し、二次側コイル1222bに誘導的に電流が流れて、変圧された電圧が発生する。
本実施形態における振動型駆動装置の電気的共振周波数feは、トランス1222、コイル1221及び圧電素子の静電容量Cd214によって調整することができる。電気的共振周波数feを調整することにより、駆動周波数域での電圧VAおよびVBの大きさを調整することができる。
駆動部120は、大略的に、パルス信号発生回路121と昇圧回路122によって構成される。パルス信号発生回路121は、パルス信号を発生させる発振器と、発振器から出力されるパルス信号により直流電源をスイッチングするスイッチング回路(Hブリッジ回路)を有し、スイッチング回路から交流パルス信号Viが出力される。
圧電素子の静電容量Cd214および機械的振動の等価回路定数は少なからず温度依存性を有しており、そのため周波数f1は振動型アクチュエータの駆動する温度に応じて変化する。特に、圧電素子が室温よりも低い温度に逐次相転移を有する圧電材料で構成される場合、環境温度に依存して顕著にf1が変化する。
本実施形態では、トランス1222の一次側電流が極小となる周波数f1と不要振動の共振周波数fuとが0.79≦f1/fu≦1.21の関係を満たすように昇圧回路122が設計される。
第2実施形態では、第1実施形態として説明した振動型駆動装置10を撮像装置(光学機器)のレンズ駆動機構に適用した構成について説明する。図10は、撮像装置が備えるレンズ鏡筒のレンズ駆動機構900の概略構造を示す斜視図である。なお、制御装置100の図示は省略する。レンズ駆動機構900は、レンズホルダ902、レンズホルダ902を駆動する振動体901、加圧磁石905、第1のガイドバー903、第2のガイドバー904及び不図示の基体を備える。
第3実施形態では、図2Aを参照して説明した振動体210を複数用いて接触体を回転駆動する振動型アクチュエータについて説明する。図11は第3実施形態での振動型アクチュエータ23Aの構成を説明する図であり、上側に平面図を示すと共に下側に側面図を示している。
第4実施形態では、接触体を回転駆動する振動型アクチュエータの別の例について説明する。図12Aは第4実施形態での振動型アクチュエータ23Bを構成する振動体51と接触体52の概略構成を示す斜視図である。振動体51と接触体52は共に円環形状を有し、同軸となるように配置され、接触体52は回転自在に軸支された状態で振動体51と接触している。なお、図12Aでは接触体52の一部を切り欠いて示している。
100 制御装置
110 制御部
111 司令部
112 制御演算部
113 相対位置検出部
120 駆動部
121 パルス信号発生回路
122 昇圧回路
1221 コイル
1222 トランス
1222a トランス一次側コイル
1222b トランス二次側コイル
130 位置センサ
200 振動型アクチュエータ
210 振動体
2103 複合振動体
220 接触体
900 レンズ駆動機構
60 各種機器等の駆動部
70 雲台装置
71 取付台(保持部材)
80 画像形成装置等の回転ドラム
Claims (15)
- 弾性体と電気-機械エネルギ変換素子とを有する振動体と、前記弾性体と接触する接触体と、を有し、前記振動体が振動することにより前記振動体と前記接触体とが相対移動する振動型アクチュエータと、
入力された制御信号に応じて発生させた駆動信号を変圧するトランスが配された駆動部を有し、前記トランスの一次側は前記駆動信号が入力され、前記トランスの二次側は前記電気-機械エネルギ変換素子と接続されている制御装置と、
を備える振動型駆動装置であって、
前記トランスの一次側に流れる電流が極小となる前記駆動信号の周波数をf1とし、前記f1より大きい、前記振動体と前記接触体との相対移動に用いる振動以外の振動モードの共振周波数をfuとした場合に、
0.79≦f1/fu≦1.21、
の関係が満たされることを特徴とする振動型駆動装置。 - 前記電気-機械エネルギ変換素子は互いに隣り合う第1電極及び第2電極を有し、前記第1電極及び前記第2電極がそれぞれ設けられた領域を第一の領域と第二の領域としたとき、前記第一の領域と前記第二の領域がともに伸長または収縮する第1の曲げ振動モードと、前記第一の領域が伸張、収縮するときに前記第二の領域がそれぞれ収縮、伸張する第2の曲げ振動モードを形成する請求項1記載の振動型駆動装置。
- 前記トランスの一次側において前記トランスと直列に接続されたコイルを有することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の振動型駆動装置。
- 前記トランスの二次側において前記電気-機械エネルギ変換素子と並列に接続されたコンデンサを有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の振動型駆動装置。
- 前記振動体と前記接触体との相対移動に用いる振動に対応する振動モードの共振周波数をfmとした場合に、23≧fu-fm≧18kHzの関係が満たされることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の振動型駆動装置。
- 前記電気-機械エネルギ変換素子は圧電材料と電極を有する圧電素子であり、前記圧電材料の鉛の含有率が1000ppm未満であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載の振動型駆動装置。
- 前記圧電材料はチタン酸ジルコン酸バリウムカルシウムを含有することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の振動型駆動装置。
- -30℃で0.79≦f1/fu≦1.21の関係が満たされることを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載の振動型駆動装置。
- 前記f1が86.9kHz以上152.1kHz未満であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至8のいずれか一項に記載の振動型駆動装置。
- 請求項1乃至9のいずれか1項に記載の振動型駆動装置と、
前記振動型駆動装置が備える振動型アクチュエータにより駆動される光学素子と、を有することを特徴とする光学機器。 - 請求項1乃至9のいずれか1項に記載の振動型駆動装置と、
前記振動型駆動装置が備える振動型アクチュエータにより駆動される保持部材と、を有することを特徴とする雲台装置。 - 請求項1乃至9のいずれか1項に記載の振動型駆動装置と、
前記振動型駆動装置が備える振動型アクチュエータにより駆動される回転ドラムと、を有することを特徴とする画像形成装置。 - 請求項1乃至9のいずれか1項に記載の振動型駆動装置と、
前記振動型駆動装置が備える振動型アクチュエータにより駆動される部品と、を有することを特徴とする機器。 - 弾性体と電気-機械エネルギ変換素子とを有する振動体と、前記弾性体と接触する接触体と、を有し、前記振動体が振動することにより前記振動体と前記接触体とが相対移動する振動型アクチュエータの制御装置であって、
前記制御装置は、入力された制御信号に応じて発生させた駆動信号を変圧するトランスが配された駆動部を有し、前記トランスの一次側は前記駆動信号が入力され、前記トランスの二次側は前記電気-機械エネルギ変換素子と接続されるよう構成されており、
前記トランスの一次側に流れる電流が極小となる前記駆動信号の周波数をf1とし、前記f1より大きい、前記振動体と前記接触体との相対移動に用いる振動以外の振動モードの共振周波数をfuとした場合に、
0.79≦f1/fu≦1.21、
の関係が満たされることを特徴とする振動型アクチュエータの制御装置。 - 前記f1が86.9kHz以上152.1kHz未満であることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の振動型アクチュエータの制御装置。
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JP2017041950A (ja) * | 2015-08-18 | 2017-02-23 | キヤノン株式会社 | 振動型アクチュエータの駆動回路、振動装置、交換用レンズ、撮像装置、及び自動ステージ |
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JP2017041950A (ja) * | 2015-08-18 | 2017-02-23 | キヤノン株式会社 | 振動型アクチュエータの駆動回路、振動装置、交換用レンズ、撮像装置、及び自動ステージ |
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