WO2023093050A1 - 一种中置驱动装置及电动辅助自行车 - Google Patents

一种中置驱动装置及电动辅助自行车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023093050A1
WO2023093050A1 PCT/CN2022/102782 CN2022102782W WO2023093050A1 WO 2023093050 A1 WO2023093050 A1 WO 2023093050A1 CN 2022102782 W CN2022102782 W CN 2022102782W WO 2023093050 A1 WO2023093050 A1 WO 2023093050A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stator
transmission gear
end cover
transmission
shaft
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/102782
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张秋阳
Original Assignee
广东高标电子科技有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 广东高标电子科技有限公司 filed Critical 广东高标电子科技有限公司
Publication of WO2023093050A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023093050A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/22—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by solid heat conducting material embedded in, or arranged in contact with, the stator or rotor, e.g. heat bridges
    • H02K9/223—Heat bridges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
    • B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/18—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with ribs or fins for improving heat transfer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/006—Structural association of a motor or generator with the drive train of a motor vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears

Definitions

  • Electric mopeds can realize two driving modes: human-powered and electric power-assisted driving, and can provide corresponding electric power-assisted support in different proportions according to the strength of the rider's pedals.
  • the driving device transmits the power to the output shaft of the electric auxiliary bicycle, and drives the rotation of the rear wheel through the chain.
  • the mid-drive devices in the related art are all designed to be relatively small, but riders hope that the torque generated by the motor of the mid-drive device can be as large as possible to reduce the physical strength required for riding, so as to achieve continuous driving.
  • the present application provides a mid-mounted drive device, including a mounting shell and a motor
  • the mounting shell includes a housing, a first end cover and a second end cover
  • the housing is provided with an installation through groove
  • the first end cover and the second end cover are respectively arranged at both ends of the housing
  • the motor includes a motor shaft, a stator, a rotor and a first heat conducting member, and the first end of the motor shaft runs through the The installation through groove and extend to the outside of the installation through groove;
  • the stator is sleeved on the motor shaft through the rotor, and the stator is arranged in the installation through groove;
  • the first heat conducting member is filled in the between the inner wall of the installation through groove and the stator and cover to both ends of the stator;
  • the second end cover is installed on the end of the installation through groove away from the first end of the motor shaft.
  • the present application also provides an electric assisted bicycle, which includes a vehicle frame and the above-mentioned mid-drive device, and the mid-drive device is installed on the vehicle frame.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a mid-drive device provided in a specific embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the stator provided by the specific embodiment of the present application when the first heat conducting member is not filled;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view when the first heat-conducting member provided in the specific embodiment of the present application is filled on the stator;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the motor provided in the specific embodiment of the present application when the second heat-conducting member is not installed;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the intermediate driving device provided by the specific embodiment of the present application when the first end cover is hidden;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the mid-drive device provided by the specific embodiment of the present application when the first end cover and the control structure are hidden;
  • Fig. 7 is a structural schematic view of the transmission structure provided by the specific embodiment of the present application at a viewing angle
  • Fig. 8 is a structural schematic view of the transmission structure provided by the specific embodiment of the present application under another viewing angle;
  • Fig. 9 is an exploded view of the installation shell provided by the specific embodiment of the present application at a viewing angle
  • Fig. 10 is an exploded view of the installation shell provided by the specific embodiment of the present application under another viewing angle.
  • this embodiment provides a mid-mounted drive device, which includes a mounting shell 1 and a motor 2
  • the mounting shell 1 includes a housing 11 , a first end cover 12 and a second end cover 13
  • the housing 11 is provided with an installation through groove, and the first end cover 12 and the second end cover 13 are respectively arranged at both ends of the housing 11
  • the motor 2 includes a motor shaft 21, a stator 22, a rotor 23 and a first heat conducting member 24, The first end of the motor shaft 21 of the motor 2 runs through the installation through groove and extends out of the installation through groove;
  • the stator 22 is sleeved on the motor shaft 21 through the rotor 23, and the stator 22 is arranged in the installation through groove;
  • the first heat conducting member 24 fills Between the inner wall of the installation slot and the stator 22 and covering to both ends of the stator 22 ; the second end cover 13 is installed on the end of the installation slot away from the first end of the motor shaft 21 .
  • the preset direction is the radial direction of the second end cover 13 .
  • the stator 22 includes a stator core and a stator winding wound on the stator core. Due to the many and small gaps in the stator winding and the low thermal conductivity of the air, it is difficult to form convection for heat dissipation, resulting in The temperature rise of the stator winding is too fast and the relevant components are burned out, that is, the first heat conducting member 24 is used to fill between the wires of the stator winding and between the stator core and the housing 11, so that the stator winding passes through the first heat conducting member 24 The heat is conducted to the stator core, and then conducted to the housing 11 and the second end cover 13 through the stator core and then conducted out.
  • the material of the first heat conduction member 24 is a resin material with higher coefficient of conductance than air, so as to improve the heat conduction performance of the motor 2, avoid excessive temperature rise, and prolong the working time of the motor 2 under high torque conditions.
  • the thermal conductivity of the resin material is 1 W/km.
  • the resin material has a certain elastic modulus, when it is filled between the housing 11 and the stator 22, it can absorb the noise generated by the motor 2 when it is working, reduce the vibration of the motor 2 when it is working, thereby improving the rigidity of the motor 2, Extend its service life.
  • the first heat conducting member 24 and the stator 22 are integrally formed by injection molding or potting.
  • the first heat conducting member 24 , the stator 22 and the casing 11 can also be integrally formed by injection molding or potting, if maintenance convenience is not considered.
  • the mid-drive device also includes a second heat conduction element 25 located between the first end cover 12 and the first heat conduction element 24.
  • the second heat conduction element 25 includes a heat conduction pad or heat conduction paste, that is, the second heat conduction element 25 is arranged on the first heat conducting member 24 at the end of the stator 22 and abuts against the second end cover 13, which can enhance the heat conduction performance and accelerate the heat dissipation performance.
  • the second heat-conducting member 25 is a heat-conducting silicone pad or a heat-conducting silicone grease.
  • the heat dissipation fins 131 and the outer surface of the second end cover 13 form a certain inclination angle, which ensures the heat dissipation efficiency of the motor 2 and also has a dustproof function, and can prevent dust from entering the housing 11 and affecting the motor. 2 runs.
  • first end cap 12 and the second end cap 13 are respectively threadedly connected to the housing 11.
  • the second end cap 13 can also be detachable from the housing 11 through fasteners.
  • the connection may also be made by gluing or welding, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the fasteners are screws.
  • the intermediate driving device also includes a transmission structure 3 and an output shaft 4 installed on the housing 11, so as to transmit the power of the motor 2 to the output shaft 4 through the transmission structure 3, and the transmission structure 3
  • the primary transmission shaft 31 is provided with a first transmission gear 311 and a second transmission gear, and the first driving gear is connected to the first end of the motor shaft 21;
  • the secondary transmission A third transmission gear 321 and a fourth transmission gear 322 are arranged at intervals on the shaft 32 , the third transmission gear 321 is in transmission connection with the second transmission gear, and the fourth transmission gear 322 is in transmission connection with the output shaft 4 .
  • the multi-stage transmission can be realized.
  • the transmission structure 3 is arranged between the first end cover 12 and the stator 22, and the axial distance between the two is relatively large, the heat dissipation effect provided by the heat dissipation fins 131 on the first end cover 12 is relatively small. Small, so the cooling fins 131 are only arranged on the second end cover 13 .
  • the primary transmission shaft 31 and the secondary transmission shaft 32 are located on one side of the line connecting the motor shaft 21 and the output shaft 4, so as to reserve space on the other side for installation of the center
  • the control structure of the drive device minimizes the distance between the motor shaft 21 and the output shaft 4, making the entire transmission structure 3 more compact.
  • both the top end and the bottom end of the fourth transmission gear 322 are located between the planes where the top and bottom ends of the stator 22 are located, so as to reduce the size of the entire transmission structure 3 along the axial direction as much as possible.
  • the radius of the stator 22 is R1
  • the wall thickness of the casing 11 in the radial direction is R2
  • the radius of the fourth transmission gear 322 is R3
  • the axial distance between the primary transmission shaft 31 and the motor shaft 21 is D1
  • a The shaft center distance between the primary transmission shaft 31 and the secondary transmission shaft 32 is D2, which satisfies the following formula: R1+R2+R3 ⁇ D1+D2, so as to ensure that the top and bottom ends of the fourth transmission gear 322 are located at the top and bottom of the stator 22 Between the planes where the base is located.
  • the projection of the first transmission gear 311 on the second transmission gear along its axial direction can completely coincide with the top of the second transmission gear, and the projection of the third transmission gear 321 on the fourth transmission gear 322 along its axial direction
  • the projection can be completely overlapped with the top of the fourth transmission gear 322, so that the first transmission gear 311, the second transmission gear, the third transmission gear 321 and the fourth transmission gear 322 are staggered in the axial direction, and the entire transmission structure is reduced as much as possible.
  • the layout is compact, reducing space.
  • both the first transmission gear 311 and the second transmission gear are located between the third transmission gear 321 and the fourth transmission gear 322 in the axial direction, so as to reduce the size of the entire transmission structure 3 in the axial direction.
  • the axial projection of the first bearing that cooperates with the primary transmission shaft 31 at least partially falls on the stator 22 , of course, it can also completely fall on the stator, which is not limited here.
  • the projection of the first bearing perpendicular to the axial direction completely falls into the projection area of the first transmission gear 311
  • the present application provides a groove in the first transmission gear 311
  • the first bearing can be embedded in the first transmission gear 311.
  • the projection of the first bearing perpendicular to the axial direction completely falls into the projection area of the first transmission gear 311 , thereby reducing the size of the transmission structure 3 in the axial direction.
  • the first end cover 12 is provided with a first end corresponding to the first end of the primary transmission shaft 31, the first end of the secondary transmission shaft 32 and the first end of the output shaft 4.
  • the second end cover 13 is provided with a bearing hole corresponding to the second end of the motor shaft 21, and the housing 11 is respectively provided with a bearing hole corresponding to the first end of the motor shaft 21, the second end of the primary transmission shaft 31, the second The second end of the stage transmission shaft 32 and the bearing hole corresponding to the second end of the output shaft 4, so that the transmission structure 3 can be installed in the installation shell 1 according to the position of the corresponding bearing hole and after one clamping process, and at the same time It also includes the assembly accuracy between the transmission gears in the transmission structure 3, reducing the transmission error, which is beneficial to reducing the vibration noise of the transmission gears and improving the load capacity.
  • misalignment occurs when multiple interfaces between the first PCB board 51 and the second PCB board 52 are connected to each other.
  • the first PCB board 51 and the second PCB board 52 are respectively an electric control board and a communication board.
  • control structure also includes a third PCB board 53, the third PCB board 53 is sleeved outside the output shaft 4, and the third PCB board 53 is respectively connected with the first PCB board 51 and the second PCB board 52 along the first end cover 12.
  • the projections in the axial direction of the two are at least partially overlapped, thereby reducing the space size of the entire mid-drive device and increasing the power density.
  • the third PCB board 53 is a stator board.
  • This embodiment also provides an electric assisted bicycle, which includes a vehicle frame and the above-mentioned intermediate driving device, and the intermediate driving device is installed on the vehicle frame.
  • the output shaft 4 is provided with a chain drive gear 41 and a motor drive gear 42, the motor drive gear 42 meshes with the fourth drive gear 322, the chain drive gear 41 is connected with the chain drive of the electric auxiliary bicycle, and then The power is transmitted to the wheels through the chain to realize the rotation of the wheels.
  • the application provides an electric assisted bicycle.
  • the middle drive device in the electric assisted bicycle can improve the heat dissipation performance of the motor, reduce the vibration when the motor is working, and prolong the service life of the motor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)

Abstract

提供了一种电动辅助自行车技术领域，尤其一种中置驱动装置及电动辅助自行车。一种中置驱动装置，包括：安装壳(1)，安装壳(1)包括壳体(11)、第一端盖(12)和第二端盖(13)，壳体(11)上开设有安装通槽，第一端盖(12)和第二端盖(13)分别设置在壳体(11)的两端；电机(2)，电机(2)包括电机轴(21)、定子(22)、转子(23)和第一导热件(24)，电机轴(21)的第一端贯穿安装通槽并延伸至安装通槽外；定子(22)通过转子(23)套设在电机轴(21)上，且定子(22)设置在安装通槽内；第一导热件(24)填充在安装通槽的内壁和定子(22)之间并覆盖至定子(22)的两端面；第二端盖(13)安装在安装通槽的远离电机轴(21)第一端的一端上。

Description

一种中置驱动装置及电动辅助自行车
本申请要求在2021年11月24日提交中国专利局、申请号为202111406100.0的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电动辅助自行车技术领域，例如涉及一种中置驱动装置及电动辅助自行车。
背景技术
电动助力车能够实现人力驱动和电动助力驱动两种驱动方式，且能够根据骑行者踩脚踏板的力度，按不同的比例提供相应的电动助力支持，为了实现电动助力车的电动助力，通常通过中置驱动装置将动力传递给电动辅助自行车的输出轴上，并通过链条带动后轮的转动。目前因轻量化的需求，相关技术中的中置驱动装置都设计的比较小，但骑行者希望中置驱动装置的电机产生的扭矩能尽可能大以减轻骑行所需的体力，以实现持续高强度爬坡需求，然而中置驱动装置的电机在大扭矩要求下工作时，往往所产生的振动噪音和热量就越多，进而使温升过快，导致中置驱动装置内部绝缘性能遭到破坏甚至产生热变形，影响电机的使用寿命和性能。
发明内容
本申请提出一种中置驱动装置，该中置驱动装置能提高电机的散热性能，降低电机工作时的振动，延长电机的使用寿命。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种中置驱动装置，包括安装壳和电机，所述安装壳包括壳体、第一端盖和第二端盖，所述壳体上开设有安装通槽，所述第一端盖和所述第二端盖分别设置在所述壳体的两端；所述电机包括电机轴、定子、转子和第一导热件，所述电机轴的第一端贯穿所述安装通槽并延伸至安装通槽 外；所述定子通过所述转子套设在所述电机轴上，且所述定子设置在所述安装通槽内；所述第一导热件填充在所述安装通槽的内壁和所述定子之间并覆盖至所述定子的两端面；所述第二端盖安装在所述安装通槽的远离所述电机轴第一端的一端上。
第二方面，本申请还提供了一种电动辅助自行车，包括车架和上述的中置驱动装置，所述中置驱动装置安装在所述车架上。
附图说明
图1是本申请具体实施方式提供的中置驱动装置的结构示意图；
图2是本申请具体实施方式提供的定子未填充第一导热件时的结构示意图；
图3是本申请具体实施方式提供的第一导热件填充在定子上时的结构示意图；
图4是本申请具体实施方式提供的电机未安装第二导热件时的结构示意图；
图5是本申请具体实施方式提供的中置驱动装置隐去第一端盖时的结构示意图；
图6是本申请具体实施方式提供的中置驱动装置隐去第一端盖和控制结构时的结构示意图；
图7是本申请具体实施方式提供的传动结构在一个视角下的结构示意图；
图8是本申请具体实施方式提供的传动结构在另一个视角下的结构示意图；
图9是本申请具体实施方式提供的安装壳在一个视角下的爆炸图；
图10是本申请具体实施方式提供的安装壳在另一个视角下的爆炸图。
其中：
1、安装壳；11、壳体；12、第一端盖；13、第二端盖；131、散热翅片；
2、电机；21、电机轴；22、定子；23、转子；24、第一导热件；25、第二导热件；
3、传动结构；
31、一级传动轴；311、第一传动齿轮；
32、二级传动轴；321、第三传动齿轮；322、第四传动齿轮；
4、输出轴；41、牙盘传动齿轮；42、电机传动齿轮；
51、第一PCB板；52、第二PCB板；53、第三PCB板。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。其中，术语“第一位置”和“第二位置”为两个不同的位置。
除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一特征和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一特征和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平 高度小于第二特征。
下面结合附图并通过具体实施方式来说明本申请的技术方案。
如图1至图3所示，本实施例提供了一种中置驱动装置，其包括安装壳1和电机2，安装壳1包括壳体11、第一端盖12和第二端盖13，壳体11上开设有安装通槽，第一端盖12和第二端盖13分别设置在壳体11的两端；电机2包括电机轴21、定子22、转子23和第一导热件24，电机2的电机轴21第一端贯穿安装通槽并延伸至安装通槽外；定子22通过转子23套设在电机轴21上，且定子22设置在安装通槽内；第一导热件24填充在安装通槽的内壁和定子22之间并覆盖至定子22的两端面；第二端盖13安装在安装通槽的远离电机轴21的第一端的一端上。
本申请提供的中置驱动装置，使用时，由于第一导热件24填充在安装通槽的内壁和定子22之间并覆盖至定子22的两端面，不仅能提高安装通槽内的热容，还能快速地将热量通过第二端盖13传导出安装壳1外以达到快速降温的效果，此外由于第一导热件24填充在安装通槽的内壁和定子22之间能减少壳体11与电机2之间的间隙，降低电机2工作时的振动，保证电机2性能的同时延长了电机2的使用寿命。该中置驱动装置能提高电机2的散热性能，降低电机2工作时的振动，延长电机2的使用寿命。
示例性地，考虑到中置驱动装置在机械强度和导热性方面的要求，安装壳1采用铝合金或镁合金材料制成。
可选地，第一端盖12和/或第二端盖13的外表面沿预设方向间隔设置有多个散热翅片131，以提高散热效率。
示例性地，预设方向为第二端盖13的径向方向。
可以理解的是，定子22包括定子铁芯和绕设在定子铁芯上的定子绕组，由于定子绕组的缝隙多且细小，同时因空气的导热系数低，故难以形成对流以进行散热，从而导致定子绕组的温升过快进而烧坏相关元件，即通过第一导热件24填充在定子绕组的导线与导线之间以及定子铁芯与壳体11之间，使得定子绕 组通过第一导热件24将热量传导至定子铁芯，然后通过定子铁芯传导至壳体11和第二端盖13上并传导出去。
其中，第一导热件24的材质为高于空气导数系数的树脂材料，从而提高电机2导热性能，避免温升过快，进而延长电机2在大扭矩条件下的工作时间。
示例性地，树脂材料的导热系数为1W/km。
此外，由于树脂材料具有一定的弹性模量，当其填充在壳体11和定子22之间时能吸收电机2工作时产生的噪音，降低电机2工作时的振动，从而提高电机2的刚性，延长其使用寿命。
本实施例中，如图2结合图3所示，为了保证第一导热件24能完全填充在定子绕组的间隙中，第一导热件24与定子22通过注塑或灌封一体成型。当然，在其它实施例中，若不考虑维护是否方便，也可使第一导热件24、定子22和壳体11三者通过注塑或灌封一体成型。
可选地，如图4所示，当第一导热件24仅与定子22一体成型时，由于壳体11与第二端盖13可拆卸地连接，第一导热件24和第二端盖13之间可能存在间隙，中置驱动装置还包括位于第一端盖12和第一导热件24之间的第二导热件25，第二导热件25包括导热垫或导热膏，即第二导热件25设置在位于定子22端部的第一导热件24上并与第二端盖13抵接，能增强导热性能，加快散热性能。
示例性地，第二导热件25为导热硅胶垫或导热硅脂膏。
本实施例中，散热翅片131与第二端盖13的外表面呈一定的倾斜角度，在保证了电机2散热效率的同时还具有防尘功能，且能避免灰尘进入壳体11内影响电机2的运行。
本实施例中，第一端盖12和第二端盖13分别与壳体11通过螺纹连接，当然没在其它实施例中，第二端盖13也可通过紧固件与壳体11可拆卸连接，也可通过胶粘或者焊接的方式进行连接，本实施例不做限制。
示例性地，紧固件为螺钉。
其中，结合图5至图8，中置驱动装置还包括安装在壳体11上的传动结构3和输出轴4，以实现通过传动结构3将电机2的动力传递给输出轴4，传动结构3包括一级传动轴31和二级传动轴32，一级传动轴31上设置有第一传动齿轮311和第二传动齿轮，第一主动齿轮与电机轴21的第一端传动连接；二级传动轴32上间隔设置有第三传动齿轮321和第四传动齿轮322，第三传动齿轮321与第二传动齿轮传动连接，第四传动齿轮322与输出轴4传动连接。
此外，通过调整第一传动齿轮311、第二传动齿轮、第三传动齿轮321和第四传动齿轮322各自的齿数，以实现多级变速。
本实施例中，考虑到传动结构3设置在第一端盖12和定子22之间，且两者轴向间距较大，第一端盖12上设置散热翅片131所起到的散热效果较小，故散热翅片131只设置在第二端盖13上。
其中，结合图5和图6所示，一级传动轴31和二级传动轴32均位于电机轴21和输出轴4轴心连线的一侧，以便留出另一侧的空间安装中置驱动装置的控制结构，尽可能减小电机轴21与输出轴4之间的距离，使整个传动结构3更为紧凑。
可选地，如图7所示，第四传动齿轮322的顶端和底端均位于定子22的顶端和底端所在平面之间，从而尽可能降低整个传动结构3沿轴向方向的尺寸。
示例性地，定子22的半径为R1，壳体11沿径向方向的壁厚为R2，第四传动齿轮322的半径为R3，一级传动轴31与电机轴21的轴线距为D1，一级传动轴31与二级传动轴32的轴心距为D2，满足以下公式：R1+R2+R3≤D1+D2，以保证第四传动齿轮322的顶端和底端均位于定子22的顶端和底端所在平面之间。
可选地，第一传动齿轮311沿其轴向在第二传动齿轮上的投影能完全和第二传动齿轮的顶端完全重合，第三传动齿轮321沿其轴向在第四传动齿轮322上的投影能完全和第四传动齿轮322的顶端完全重合，以使第一传动齿轮311、第二传动齿轮、第三传动齿轮321和第四传动齿轮322沿轴向交错穿插，尽可 能减少整个传动结构3布局紧凑，减少空间。
可选地，第一传动齿轮311和第二传动齿轮沿轴向均位于第三传动齿轮321和第四传动齿轮322之间，以缩小整个传动结构3在轴向上的尺寸。
可选地，与所述一级传动轴31配合的第一轴承沿轴向的投影至少部分落入所述定子22上，当然也可以是完全落入定子上，此处不做限定。和/或，所述第一轴承垂直于所述轴向的投影完全落入所述第一传动齿轮311的投影区，本申请在第一传动齿轮311开设凹槽，可以将第一轴承嵌入第一传动齿轮311的凹槽中，从而实现第一轴承垂直于所述轴向的投影完全落入所述第一传动齿轮311的投影区，从而降低传动结构3在轴向上的尺寸。
其中，结合图9和图10，为了承载传动结构3，第一端盖12上设置有与一级传动轴31第一端、二级传动轴32第一端和输出轴4第一端相对应的轴承孔，第二端盖13上设置有与电机轴21第二端相对应的轴承孔，壳体11上分别设置有与电机轴21第一端、一级传动轴31第二端、二级传动轴32第二端和输出轴4第二端相对应的轴承孔，以根据相对应的轴承孔的位置度并经过一次装夹加工便可将传动结构3安装在安装壳1内，同时还包括了传动结构3内各传动齿轮之间的装配精度，减小传动误差，有利于降低传动齿轮的振动噪音，提高负载能力。
本实施例中，结合图5所示，控制结构包括第一PCB板51和第二PCB板52，第一PCB板51和第二PCB板52分别安装在第一端盖12和壳体11上，第一PCB板51与第二PCB板52浮动连接，且第一PCB板51和第二PCB板52沿第一端盖12的轴向方向的投影至少部分重合，有利于降低整个中置驱动装置的空间大小，提高功率密度。
此外，通过第一PCB板51和第二PCB板52能两者之间多个接口彼此连接时发生错位现象。
示例性地，第一PCB板51和第二PCB板52分别为电控板和通信板。
其中，控制结构还包括第三PCB板53，第三PCB板53套设在输出轴4外， 且第三PCB板53分别和第一PCB板51以及第二PCB板52沿第一端盖12的轴向方向的投影均至少部分重合，从而降低整个中置驱动装置的空间大小，提高功率密度。
示例性地，第三PCB板53为定子板。
本实施例还提供了一种电动辅助自行车，其包括车架和上述的中置驱动装置，中置驱动装置安装在车架上。
示例性地，输出轴4上设置有牙盘传动齿轮41和电机传动齿轮42，电机传动齿轮42与第四传动齿轮322相啮合，牙盘传动齿轮41与电动辅助自行车的牙盘传动连接，然后通过链条将动力传递给车轮，实现车轮转动。
可选地，在第一端盖12和壳体11上均设置有通孔，输出轴4的两端分别从两个通孔的穿出，并与电动辅助自行车的脚踏曲柄相连接，以实现人力动力传动。
本申请提供了一种电动辅助自行车，该电动辅助自行车中的中置驱动装置能提高电机的散热性能，降低电机工作时的振动，延长电机的使用寿命。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种中置驱动装置，包括：
    安装壳(1)，所述安装壳(1)包括壳体(11)、第一端盖(12)和第二端盖(13)，所述壳体(11)上开设有安装通槽，所述第一端盖(12)和所述第二端盖(13)分别设置在所述壳体(11)的两端；
    电机(2)，所述电机(2)包括电机轴(21)、定子(22)、转子(23)和第一导热件(24)，所述电机轴(21)的第一端贯穿所述安装通槽并延伸至安装通槽外；所述定子(22)通过所述转子(23)套设在所述电机轴(21)上，且所述定子(22)设置在所述安装通槽内；所述第一导热件(24)填充在所述安装通槽的内壁和所述定子(22)之间并覆盖至所述定子(22)的两端面；所述第二端盖(13)安装在所述安装通槽的远离所述电机轴(21)第一端的一端上。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的中置驱动装置，还包括安装在所述壳体(11)上的传动结构(3)和输出轴(4)，所述传动结构(3)包括：
    一级传动轴(31)，其上设置有第一传动齿轮(311)和第二传动齿轮，所述第一传动齿轮(311)与所述电机轴(21)的第一端传动连接；
    二级传动轴(32)，其上间隔设置有第三传动齿轮(321)和第四传动齿轮(322)，所述第三传动齿轮(321)与所述第二传动齿轮传动连接，所述第四传动齿轮(322)与所述输出轴(4)传动连接。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的中置驱动装置，其中，所述中置驱动装置满足以下至少之一：
    与所述一级传动轴(31)配合的第一轴承沿轴向的投影至少部分落入所述定子(22)上；
    所述第一轴承垂直于所述轴向的投影完全落入所述第一传动齿轮(311)的投影区。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的中置驱动装置，其中，所述第四传动齿轮(322)的顶端和底端均位于所述定子(22)的顶端和底端所在平面之间。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的中置驱动装置，其中，所述定子(22)的半径为R1， 所述壳体(11)沿径向方向的壁厚为R2，所述第四传动齿轮(322)的半径为R3，所述一级传动轴(31)与所述电机轴(21)的轴线距为D1，所述一级传动轴(31)与所述二级传动轴(32)的轴心距为D2，满足以下公式：R1+R2+R3≤D1+D2。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的中置驱动装置，其中，所述第一传动齿轮(311)和所述第二传动齿轮沿轴向均位于所述第三传动齿轮(321)和所述第四传动齿轮(322)之间。
  7. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的中置驱动装置，其中，所述第一导热件(24)与所述定子(22)通过注塑或灌封一体成型。
  8. 如权利要求2所述的中置驱动装置，还包括位于所述第一端盖(12)和所述第一导热件(24)之间的第二导热件(25)，所述第二导热件(25)包括导热垫或导热膏。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的中置驱动装置，其中，所述第一导热件(24)、所述定子(22)和所述壳体(11)通过注塑或灌封一体成型。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的中置驱动装置，其中，所述第一端盖(12)和第二端盖(13)中的至少之一的外表面沿预设方向间隔设置有多个散热翅片(131)。
  11. 如权利要求1-10任一项所述的中置驱动装置，还包括控制结构，所述控制结构包括第一PCB板(51)和第二PCB板(52)，所述第一PCB板(51)和所述第二PCB板(52)分别安装在所述第一端盖(12)和所述壳体(11)上，所述第一PCB板(51)与所述第二PCB板(52)浮动连接，且所述第一PCB板(51)和所述第二PCB板(52)沿所述第一端盖(12)的轴向方向的投影至少部分重合。
  12. 一种电动辅助自行车，包括车架和如权利要求1至11任一项所述的中置驱动装置，所述中置驱动装置安装在所述车架上。
PCT/CN2022/102782 2021-11-24 2022-06-30 一种中置驱动装置及电动辅助自行车 WO2023093050A1 (zh)

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