WO2023092774A1 - 一种空调器 - Google Patents

一种空调器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023092774A1
WO2023092774A1 PCT/CN2021/139992 CN2021139992W WO2023092774A1 WO 2023092774 A1 WO2023092774 A1 WO 2023092774A1 CN 2021139992 W CN2021139992 W CN 2021139992W WO 2023092774 A1 WO2023092774 A1 WO 2023092774A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flow channel
channel
outlet
refrigerant
air conditioner
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/139992
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵东方
曹法立
李晓宇
杨洪亮
蔡良烽
李亚军
孟建军
张文强
Original Assignee
青岛海信日立空调系统有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202111411536.9A external-priority patent/CN114216165B/zh
Priority claimed from CN202111412428.3A external-priority patent/CN114216166B/zh
Application filed by 青岛海信日立空调系统有限公司 filed Critical 青岛海信日立空调系统有限公司
Priority to CN202180097908.7A priority Critical patent/CN117255920A/zh
Publication of WO2023092774A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023092774A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
    • F24F1/0059—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by heat exchangers
    • F24F1/0063—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by heat exchangers by the mounting or arrangement of the heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/20—Casings or covers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/30—Arrangement or mounting of heat-exchangers

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of refrigeration equipment, in particular to an air conditioner with evenly distributed refrigerant.
  • a heat pump air conditioner is a commonly used heating and cooling air conditioner. When cooling in summer, the air conditioner cools indoors and dissipates heat outdoors; while heating in winter, the direction is opposite to that in summer, that is, heating indoors and cooling outdoors.
  • the air conditioner exchanges heat and cold between different environments through a heat pump. For example, in winter, outdoor air, surface water, groundwater, etc. are low-temperature heat sources, while indoor air is a high-temperature heat source.
  • the function of heat pump air conditioning is to transfer heat from the outdoor environment to the indoor environment.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an air conditioner, including a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger includes a distributor for evenly distributing refrigerant into a plurality of flat tubes, and the distributor includes:
  • a housing in which a cavity is formed, one side of the housing is provided with a refrigerant inlet, and the other side is provided with a plurality of flat tube sockets arranged at intervals;
  • the distribution part is arranged in the cavity, and the distribution part is provided with a refrigerant flow channel, and the refrigerant flow channel includes:
  • a plurality of outlet channels each of which is directly opposite to and communicated with the corresponding flat tube socket, and the plurality of outlet channels are arranged symmetrically with respect to the inlet channels;
  • a communication flow channel which is connected to the adjacent inlet flow channel and the outlet flow channel, and the two adjacent outlet flow channels;
  • the inlet flow channel is provided with a sharp corner portion, which is used to divide the refrigerant flowing into the inlet flow channel from the refrigerant inlet into two parts of upward flow and downward flow.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure also provides an air conditioner, including a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger includes a distributor for evenly distributing the refrigerant into a plurality of flat tubes, and the distributor includes:
  • a housing in which a cavity is formed, one side of the housing is provided with a refrigerant inlet, and the other side is provided with a plurality of flat tube sockets arranged at intervals;
  • the distribution part is arranged in the cavity, and the distribution part is provided with a refrigerant flow channel, and the refrigerant flow channel includes:
  • a plurality of outlet channels each of which is directly opposite to and communicated with the corresponding flat tube socket, and the plurality of outlet channels are arranged symmetrically with respect to the inlet channels;
  • a communication flow channel which communicates with the adjacent inlet flow channel and the outlet flow channel, and the two adjacent outlet flow channels;
  • a pressure-equalizing channel communicates with two adjacent outlet channels, so that the refrigerant in the outlet channel with higher pressure flows to the outlet channel with lower pressure through the equal-pressure channel.
  • Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the principle of the related art air conditioner
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat exchanger according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a dispenser according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 4 is an exploded view of a dispenser according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a distributing part in a dispenser according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a distributing part in a dispenser according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the assembly structure of various components in the dispenser according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a sharp corner in a dispenser according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a distribution part and a mounting part in a dispenser according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the flow path of refrigerant in the distributor according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 11 is a sectional view along A-A in Fig. 10;
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of a distribution part and an installation part in a dispenser according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • 200-distribution part 210-inlet flow channel, 220-outlet flow channel, 230-communication flow channel, 240-sharp corner, 250-uniform flow channel, 251-first flow channel, 252-pressure equalization hole;
  • 300-installation part, 310-port, 320-second flow channel 300-installation part, 310-port, 320-second flow channel.
  • the air conditioner in the present disclosure performs a refrigeration cycle of the air conditioner by using a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator.
  • the refrigeration cycle consists of a series of processes involving compression, condensation, expansion and evaporation to cool or heat an indoor space.
  • the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant enters the compressor, and the compressor compresses it into high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas and discharges it; the discharged refrigerant gas flows into the condenser, and is condensed into a liquid-phase refrigerant, releasing heat during the condensation process to the surrounding environment; the high-temperature and high-pressure liquid-phase refrigerant is transformed into a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid refrigerant by expansion through the expansion valve; the liquid refrigerant is evaporated by the evaporator and converted into a gaseous state and returned to the compressor.
  • the evaporator realizes the cooling effect by using the latent heat of refrigerant evaporation to exchange heat with the material to be cooled.
  • the air conditioner regulates the temperature of the interior space.
  • the outdoor unit of the air conditioner includes a compressor and an outdoor heat exchanger
  • the indoor unit of the air conditioner includes an indoor heat exchanger
  • the expansion valve can be provided in the indoor unit or the outdoor unit.
  • the indoor heat exchanger and the outdoor heat exchanger are used as condensers or evaporators. Specifically, when the indoor heat exchanger is used as a condenser, the outdoor heat exchanger is used as an evaporator, and the air conditioner performs heating mode; when the indoor heat exchanger is used as an evaporator, the outdoor heat exchanger is used as a condenser, and the air conditioner performs cooling model. . Wherein, both the indoor heat exchanger and the outdoor heat exchanger realize switching between the functions of the condenser and the evaporator through the four-way valve, which will not be repeated here.
  • the refrigeration working principle of the air conditioner is: the compressor works so that the indoor heat exchanger (evaporator) is in an ultra-low pressure state, the liquid refrigerant in the indoor heat exchanger quickly evaporates and absorbs heat, and the wind blown by the indoor fan passes through the indoor heat exchanger. After the coil cools down, it turns into cold air and blows it into the room. After being pressurized by the compressor, the evaporated refrigerant condenses into a liquid state in the high-pressure environment of the outdoor heat exchanger (condenser), releasing heat, and passing through the outdoor fan. The heat is dissipated into the atmosphere, and this cycle achieves the cooling effect.
  • the indoor heat exchanger evaporator
  • the heating principle of the air conditioner is: the gaseous refrigerant is pressurized by the compressor to become a high-temperature and high-pressure gas, enters the indoor heat exchanger (condenser), condenses and liquefies heat, and becomes a liquid, and at the same time heats the indoor air, thereby improving the indoor temperature. temperature purpose.
  • the liquid refrigerant is decompressed by the throttling device, enters the outdoor heat exchanger (evaporator), evaporates and gasifies, absorbs heat, and becomes a gas. At the same time, it absorbs the heat of the outdoor air to become a gaseous refrigerant, and enters the compressor again to start the next cycle.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heating cycle of a heat pump provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the heat pump includes: an evaporator 1 , a compressor 2 , a condenser 3 , an expansion valve 4 and a four-way reversing valve C.
  • the specific working process of the heat pump heating is as follows: First, the low-pressure two-phase refrigerant (a mixture of liquid-phase refrigerant and gas-phase refrigerant) in the evaporator 1 absorbs heat from the low-temperature environment; High-pressure gas refrigerant; then, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant releases heat energy to the indoor environment in the condenser 3, and at the same time lowers its own temperature; finally, through the expansion valve mechanism 4 throttling, it becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure two-phase refrigerant, Enter the evaporator 1 again, and repeat the heating process of the above cycle.
  • the heat exchanger described herein includes the above-mentioned evaporator 1 and condenser 3 .
  • the heat pump air conditioner changes the working mode through the four-way reversing valve C.
  • the indoor heat exchanger is used as the evaporator 1
  • the outdoor heat exchanger is used as the condenser 3.
  • the indoor air is cooled by the surface of the evaporator 1 to achieve the purpose of lowering the indoor temperature, and the heat is delivered to the outside through the condenser 3 .
  • the evaporator 1 is a device that outputs cooling capacity, and its function is to evaporate the refrigerant liquid flowing in through the expansion valve 4 to absorb the heat of the object to be cooled to achieve the purpose of refrigeration.
  • the condenser 3 is a device that outputs heat. The heat absorbed from the evaporator 1 and the heat converted by the work consumed by the compressor 2 are taken away by the cooling medium in the condenser 3 to achieve the purpose of heating.
  • the evaporator 1 and the condenser 3 are important parts for heat exchange in the air-conditioning heat pump unit, and their performance will directly affect the performance of the entire system.
  • microchannel heat exchangers Compared with finned tube heat exchangers, microchannel heat exchangers have significant advantages in terms of material cost, refrigerant charge, and heat flux density, which is in line with the development trend of heat exchangers for energy conservation and environmental protection.
  • Microchannel heat exchangers include flat tubes, fins, headers, end covers and other components.
  • the manifold of the multi-process microchannel heat exchanger is also inserted with partitions, which divide the manifold into multiple independent chambers, and each chamber of the manifold communicates with a certain number of flat tubes.
  • the refrigerant entering the heat exchanger is a gas with a certain dryness (dryness: the mass fraction of the gas-phase fluid in the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant) after throttling. Liquid two-phase fluid, these two-phase fluids will undergo gas-liquid phase separation when the flow rate slows down. If the gas-liquid phase separation occurs in a header, the refrigerant flowing into the flat tubes in the lower part of the header is Pure liquid, while several flat tubes in the upper part are gas, this uneven distribution will lead to a sharp decline in the performance of the heat exchanger.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat exchanger according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the heat exchanger 10 includes a distributor 11 for uniformly distributing the refrigerant into multiple flat tubes. This disclosure focuses on improving the structure of the distributor 11 in order to achieve uniform distribution of the refrigerant.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a dispenser according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 4 is an exploded view of a dispenser according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 7 is an assembly structure of various components in a dispenser according to some embodiments of the present disclosure cutaway view.
  • the dispenser 11 includes a housing 100 in which a cavity is formed, and a dispensing part 200 is installed in the cavity.
  • One side of the casing 100 is provided with a refrigerant inlet 121 , and the shunt capillary 12 of the refrigeration system is connected to the refrigerant inlet 121 , as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the other side of the housing 100 is provided with a plurality of flat tube sockets 111 arranged at intervals along the height direction of the housing 100 , and the flat tubes 13 are inserted into the flat tube sockets 111 .
  • the distribution part 200 is provided with a refrigerant flow channel, including a connected inlet flow channel 210 , a plurality of outlet flow channels 220 , and a communication flow channel 230 .
  • the inlet channel 210 is opposite to and communicated with the refrigerant inlet 121 .
  • Each outlet channel 220 is opposite to and connected to the corresponding flat tube socket 111 , and the plurality of outlet channels 220 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the inlet channel 210 .
  • the number of outlet channels 220 is any even number, for example, the number of outlet channels 220 in the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the number of outlet channels 220 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 12 is six.
  • the communication channel 230 communicates with the adjacent inlet channel 210 and the outlet channel 220 , and the two adjacent outlet channels 220 .
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a dispensing part in a dispenser according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the communication channel between the channels 220 is the second communication channel (marked as 230-2), such as the communication channel between the outlet channel 220-1 and the outlet channel 220-2, the outlet channel 220-3 and the outlet channel 220-2.
  • the inlet channel 210 is provided with a sharp corner portion 240 for dividing the refrigerant flowing into the inlet channel 210 from the refrigerant inlet 121 into two parts, the upward flow and the downward flow.
  • the pointed part 240 "splits" the refrigerant flowing into the distributor 11 into two halves, and flows upward and downward respectively, which is the key to ensure that the refrigerant in the flat tubes on the upper and lower sides of the refrigerant inlet 210 is evenly distributed.
  • the distributor 11 in the present disclosure realizes "narrow flow channel and high flow rate" through the narrow-structure communication flow channel 230, so that the refrigerant cannot be phase-separated during the process of flowing in the distributor 11, and the distribution uniformity of the refrigerant is improved. .
  • the widths W of the plurality of communication channels 230 connecting adjacent inlet channels 210 and outlet channels 220 and connecting two adjacent outlet channels 220 are the same or different. That is, taking FIG. 5 as an example, the width W1 of the first communication channel 230-1 and the width W2 of the second communication channel 230-2 may be the same or different.
  • the width of the communicating channel 230 should not be too large to ensure the structural feature of "narrow channel and high flow rate".
  • the flow channel 230 has a width of 1-5 mm.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a dispensing part in a dispenser according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • one end of the inlet channel 210 communicates with the communication channel 230 , and at this end (that is, the end where the inlet channel 210 communicates with the communication channel 230 ) is provided with Sharp corners 240 .
  • the refrigerant flows into one side of the pointed part 240 from the refrigerant inlet 121, and is "split in half" by the pointed part 240 at one end in the process of flowing in the direction of the communicating flow channel 230, thereby ensuring the cooling of the upper and lower sides. Even distribution of the agent.
  • the transition between the sharp corner portion 240 and the communication channel 230 is a straight line (as shown in (a) in FIG. 8 , marked as S1 ) or an arc (as in (b) in FIG. 8 , marked as S2 ).
  • the communication channel 230 communicates with the end of the outlet channel 220 and is located at a side of the distribution part 200 .
  • the communication flow channel 230 communicates with the middle of the outlet flow channel 220 and is located at the middle of the distribution part 200 .
  • the communicating channel 230 is close to the edge of the distributing part 200 of the plate structure. Since the channel is formed by stamping with a die, too close to the edge may cause curling and make processing difficult.
  • the communication flow channel 230 communicates with the middle of the outlet flow channel 220 and is located in the middle of the distributing part 200 so that the processing technology is simple under the premise of evenly distributing the refrigerant.
  • the adjustment of the refrigerant flow rate is realized by providing rounded structural features on the refrigerant circulation channel 230 .
  • the first rounded portion R1 is used to adjust the flow of refrigerant flowing from the communication channel 230 into the outlet channel 220 , and the purpose of flow regulation can be achieved by adjusting the radius of the first rounded portion R1 .
  • a second rounded corner portion (marked R2), the second rounded corner portion R2 is used to adjust the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing from the outlet flow channel 220 into the downstream communicating flow channel 230, so as to improve the effect of flow regulation.
  • the dispenser 11 also includes a mounting part 300, which is also a plate-shaped structure, which is arranged in the cavity, and the housing 100 , the distribution part 200 and the installation part 300 are arranged in close contact.
  • Mounting part 300 is provided with a plurality of openings 310, and each opening 310 faces and communicates between the corresponding outlet channel 210 and the flat tube socket 111, and the flat tube 13 inserted into the flat tube socket 111 extends into the corresponding in the port 310 of the
  • the refrigerant flow channel is a punching structure provided on the plate-shaped distribution part 200. After the housing 100, the distribution part 200 and the installation part 300 are closely assembled, the punching structure on the distribution part 200 is replaced by the front and rear housing 100 and the mounting part 300.
  • the installation part 300 blocks and defines a refrigerant flow channel.
  • the function of the installation part 300 is mainly to create a certain insertion depth for the flat tube 13 to ensure the feasibility of the process.
  • the casing 100 includes a bottom case 110 and a cover plate 120.
  • the bottom case 110 is a boxed structure. One side of the bottom case 110 is open, and the other side is provided with a flat tube socket 111.
  • the cover plate 120 is arranged on the open side of the bottom case 110. At the mouth, the opening of the bottom shell 110 is sealed to form an inner cavity, and the refrigerant inlet 121 is provided on the cover plate 120 .
  • the distributing part 200 is arranged close to the cover plate 120, the installation part 300 is arranged close to the side of the bottom shell 110 where the flat tube socket 111 is provided, and the distribution part 200 and the installation part 300 are also closely attached, as shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the box-shaped bottom case 110 wraps the cover plate 120 , the distributing part 200 and the installation part 300 to prevent leakage caused by poor welding between the plates and also prevent leakage caused by corrosion.
  • the insertion depth of the flat tube 13 into the casing 100 is m, and the total thickness of the casing 100 is n, and in some embodiments of the present disclosure, m ⁇ 3/4n.
  • the outlet passage 220 (220-1 and 220-4 in the structure shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 ) on both sides away from the inlet passage 210
  • the flow rate of the refrigerant is large and the pressure is high; and when the incident flow rate of the refrigerant is small, the outlet channels on both sides close to the inlet channel 210 (220-2 and 220-3 in the structures shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6 )
  • the refrigerant flow rate in ) is relatively large and the pressure is low.
  • the frequency of the compressor is different, so the incident flow rate will be different.
  • the distribution of the refrigerant flow rate is related to the incident flow rate.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a distributing part and an installation part in a distributor according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a flow path of refrigerant in a distributor according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 11 is a direction A-A in Fig. 10 cutaway view.
  • the flow channel 250 flows to the outlet flow channel 220 with low pressure, so as to achieve the effect of secondary redistribution of the refrigerant.
  • the incident velocity of the refrigerant is relatively high.
  • the refrigerant flow rate in the outlet channel 220 (220-1 and 220-4 in the structure shown in Figure 10 ) on both sides away from the inlet channel 210 Larger and higher pressure, the excess refrigerant flow will return to the upstream outlet flow channel 220 (220-2 and 220-3 in the structure shown in FIG. 10 ) along the pressure equalizing flow channel 250 to achieve flow equalization.
  • the communicating channel 230 shown in FIG. 5 is provided at the end of the outlet channel 220 , the communicating channel 230 is located at the side of the distribution portion 200 , and the equalizing channel 250 is connected to the other end of the outlet channel 220 .
  • the communicating channel 230 shown in FIG. 6 When the communicating channel 230 shown in FIG. 6 is located in the middle of the outlet channel 220 , the communicating channel 230 is located in the middle of the distribution part 200 , and the equalizing channel 250 connects one or both ends of the outlet channel 220 .
  • the mounting part 300 is provided with a second flow channel 320, and one end of the second flow channel 320 communicates with the port 310 facing the other adjacent outlet flow channel 220; refer to FIG. 10 again As shown in FIG. 11 , the other end of the first flow channel 251 overlaps with the other end of the second flow channel 320 to form a pressure equalization hole 252 , and the first flow channel 251 , the second flow channel 320 and the pressure equalization hole 252 form the pressure equalization flow channel 250 .
  • the size of the pressure equalizing hole 252 is adjusted by the length of the overlapping portion of the first channel 251 and the second channel 320 .
  • the width of the equalizing channel 250 is close to the width of the communicating channel 230 .
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a distribution part and an installation part in a dispenser according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the distributor includes six outlet flow channels 220, and an equalizing flow channel 250 is arranged between two adjacent outlet flow channels 220, wherein (a) in FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of the distribution part 200, and (a) in FIG. b) is a schematic structural view of the installation part 300, and (c) in FIG. 12 is a structural schematic view of the distribution part 200 and the installation part 300 after assembly.

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Abstract

一种空调器，包括换热器（10），其包括分配器（11），分配器（11）包括壳体（100），其一侧设有制冷剂入口（121），另一侧设有多个间隔布置的扁管插口（111），壳体（100）的空腔内设有分配部（200），分配部（200）上设有制冷剂流道，制冷剂流道包括入口流道（210）、多个出口流道（220）以及连通流道（230），入口流道（210）正对并连通于制冷剂入口（121），每个出口流道（220）正对并连通于对应的扁管插口（111），多个出口流道（220）相对于入口流道（210）对称布置，连通流道（230）连通于相邻的入口流道（210）与出口流道（220）之间、相邻的两个出口流道（220）之间，入口流道（210）处有尖角部（240），将从制冷剂入口（121）流入入口流道（210）内的制冷剂平分成向上流和向下流的两部分，或者相邻两出口流道（220）间设均压流道（250），压力大的出口流道（220）内的制冷剂经均压流道（250）向压力小的出口流道（220）流动。

Description

一种空调器
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开要求在2021年11月25日提交中国专利局、申请号为202111411536.9、发明名称为“一种空调器”，以及在2021年11月25日提交中国专利局、申请号为202111412428.3、发明名称为“一种空调器”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本公开涉及制冷设备技术领域，尤其涉及一种制冷剂分流均匀的空调器。
背景技术
热泵型空调是经常使用的一种冷暖空调。在夏季制冷时，空调在室内制冷，室外散热，而在冬季制热时，方向同夏季相反，即室内制热，室外制冷。空调通过热泵在不同环境之间进行冷热交换。比如在冬季，室外的空气、地面水、地下水等等就是低温热源，而室内空气就是高温热源，热泵式空调制热的作用就是把室外环境的热量输送到室内环境里。
发明内容
公开本公开实施例中提供了一种空调器，包括换热器，所述换热器包括用于将制冷剂均匀分配至多个扁管内的分配器，所述分配器包括：
壳体，其内形成空腔，所述壳体的一侧设有制冷剂入口，另一侧设有多个间隔布置的扁管插口；
分配部，其设于所述空腔内，所述分配部上设有制冷剂流道，所述制冷剂流道包括：
入口流道，其正对并连通于所述制冷剂入口；
多个出口流道，每个所述出口流道正对并连通于对应的所述扁管插口，所述多个出口流道相对于所述入口流道对称布置；
连通流道，连通于相邻的所述入口流道与所述出口流道、相邻的两个所述出口流道；
其中，所述入口流道处设有尖角部，用于将从所述制冷剂入口流入所述入口流道内的制冷剂平分成向上流和向下流的两部分。
本公开实施例中还提供了一种空调器，包括换热器，所述换热器包括用于将制冷剂均匀分配至多个扁管内的分配器，所述分配器包括：
壳体，其内形成空腔，所述壳体的一侧设有制冷剂入口，另一侧设有多个间隔布置的扁管插口；
分配部，其设于所述空腔内，所述分配部上设有制冷剂流道，所述制冷剂流道包括：
入口流道，其正对并连通于所述制冷剂入口；
多个出口流道，每个所述出口流道正对并连通于对应的所述扁管插口，多个所述出口流道相对于所述入口流道对称布置；
连通流道，其连通于相邻的所述入口流道与所述出口流道、相邻的两个所述出口流道；
均压流道，其连通相邻的两个所述出口流道，使压力大的所述出口流道内的制冷剂经所述均压流道向压力小的所述出口流道流动。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本公开的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为相关技术空调器的原理示意图；
图2为根据本公开一些实施例的换热器的结构示意图；
图3为根据本公开一些实施例的分配器的结构示意图；
图4为根据本公开一些实施例的分配器的爆炸图；
图5为根据本公开一些实施例的分配器中分配部的结构示意图；
图6为根据本公开一些实施例的分配器中分配部的结构示意图；
图7为根据本公开一些实施例的分配器中各部件的装配结构剖视图；
图8为根据本公开一些实施例的分配器中尖角部的结构示意图；
图9为根据本公开一些实施例的分配器中分配部和安装部的结构示意 图；
图10为根据本公开一些实施例的分配器中制冷剂的流动路径示意图；
图11为图10中A-A向剖视图；
图12为根据本公开一些实施例的分配器中分配部和安装部的结构示意图。
附图标记：
图1中：
1-蒸发器，2-压缩机，3-冷凝器，4-膨胀阀，5-四通换向阀；
图2中：
10-换热器，11-分配器，12-毛细分流管，13-扁管；
图3至图12中：
100-壳体，110-底壳，111-扁管插口，120-盖板，121-制冷剂入口；
200-分配部，210-入口流道，220-出口流道，230-连通流道，240-尖角部，250-均匀流道，251-第一流道，252-均压孔；
300-安装部，310-通口，320-第二流道。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本公开实施例中的附图，对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本公开一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
[空调器基本运行原理]
本公开中空调器通过使用压缩机、冷凝器、膨胀阀和蒸发器来执行空调器的制冷循环。制冷循环包括一系列过程，涉及压缩、冷凝、膨胀和蒸发，对室内空间进行制冷或制热。
低温低压制冷剂进入压缩机，压缩机将其压缩成高温高压状态的制冷剂气体并排出；所排出的制冷剂气体流入冷凝器，被冷凝成液相的制冷剂，在冷凝的过程中释放热量到周围环境；高温高压的液相制冷剂经膨胀阀经膨胀转化为低温低压的液态制冷剂；液态制冷剂经蒸发器蒸发转化为气态返回压缩机。蒸发器通过利用制冷剂蒸发的潜热与待冷却的材料进行热交换来实现 制冷效果。在整个循环中，空调器可以调节室内空间的温度。
空调器的室外单元包括压缩机和室外热交换器，空调器的室内单元包括室内热交换器，膨胀阀可以设置在室内单元或室外单元中。
室内热交换器和室外热交换器用作冷凝器或蒸发器。具体的，当室内热交换器用作冷凝器时，室外热交换器用作蒸发器，空调器执行制热模式；当室内热交换器用作蒸发器时，室外热交换器用作冷凝器，空调器执行制冷模式。。其中，室内换热器和室外换热器均通过四通阀实现冷凝器和蒸发器功能的切换在此不做赘述。
空调器的制冷工作原理是：压缩机工作使室内换热器(为蒸发器)内处于超低压状态，室内换热器内的液态冷媒迅速蒸发吸收热量，室内风机吹出的风经过室内换热器盘管降温后变为冷风吹到室内，蒸发汽化后的冷媒经压缩机加压后，在室外换热器(冷凝器)中的高压环境下凝结为液态，释放出热量，通过室外风机，将热量散发到大气中，如此循环就达到了制冷效果。
空调器的制热工作原理是：气态冷媒被压缩机加压，成为高温高压气体，进入室内换热器(冷凝器)，冷凝液化放热，成为液体，同时将室内空气加热，从而达到提高室内温度的目的。液体冷媒经节流装置减压，进入室外换热器(蒸发器)，蒸发气化吸热，成为气体，同时吸取室外空气的热量成为气态冷媒，再次进入压缩机开始下一个循环。
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种热泵的制热循环原理图。该热泵包括：蒸发器1、压缩机2、冷凝器3、膨胀阀4和四通换向阀C。该热泵制热的具体工作过程为：首先，蒸发器1内低压两相制冷剂(液相制冷剂和气相制冷剂的混合体)从低温环境吸收热量；经压缩机2吸入后被压缩为高温高压的气体制冷剂；然后，高温高压的气体制冷剂在冷凝器3将热能释放给室内环境，同时自身温度降低；最后，经过膨胀阀机构4节流，变为低温低压的两相制冷剂，再次进入蒸发器1，重复上述循环的制热过程。本文所述换热器包括上述蒸发器1和冷凝器3。
热泵空调通过该四通换向阀C来改变工况模式。在夏季制冷工况下，室内换热器作为蒸发器1，室外热交换器作为冷凝器3。室内空气经过蒸发器1表面被冷却降温，达到使室内温度下降的目的，通过冷凝器3将热量输送到室外。
在冬季制热工况下，转换四通换向阀C改变工况模式，使制冷剂的流向发生转换，此时室内换热器变为制热时的冷凝器，室外热交换器作为蒸发器， 制冷剂通过室外换热器吸收环境中的热量，并向室内环境放热，实现制热的目的。
蒸发器1是输出冷量的设备，它的作用是使经膨胀阀4流入的制冷剂液体蒸发，以吸收被冷却物体的热量，达到制冷的目的。冷凝器3是输出热量的设备，从蒸发器1中吸收的热量连同压缩机2消耗功所转化的热量在冷凝器3中被冷却介质带走，达到制热的目的。蒸发器1和冷凝器3是空调热泵机组中进行热量交换的重要部分，其性能的好坏将会直接影响到整个系统的性能。
相比翅片管换热器，微通道换热器在材料成本、制冷剂充注量和热流密度等方面具有显著优势，符合换热器节能环保的发展趋势。微通道换热器包括扁管、翅片、集流管、端盖等部件。多流程微通道换热器的集流管内还插设分隔隔板，隔板将集流管分为多个独立的腔，每个集流管腔连通一定数量的扁管。微通道换热器用作蒸发器时，进入换热器的制冷剂为节流之后的，具有一定干度(干度：气液两相态的制冷剂中气相流体所占的质量分数)的气液两相流体，这些两相流体在流速变慢时会发生气液相分离，如果气液相分离发生在一段集流管中，则流入该集流管中下部的若干扁管的制冷剂为纯液体，而上部分若干扁管为气体，这种分配不均会导致换热器的性能急剧下降。
[换热器、分配器]
图2为根据本公开一些实施例的换热器的结构示意图。如图2所示换热器10包括用于将制冷剂均匀分配至多个扁管内的分配器11，本公开着重对分配器11进行结构改进，以期实现制冷剂的均匀分配。
图3为根据本公开一些实施例的分配器的结构示意图；图4为根据本公开一些实施例的分配器的爆炸图；图7为根据本公开一些实施例的分配器中各部件的装配结构剖视图。参照图3、图4以及图7，分配器11包括壳体100，其内形成空腔，空腔内安装分配部200。
壳体100的一侧设有制冷剂入口121，制冷系统的分流毛细管12接入制冷剂入口121，参照图2。
壳体100的另一侧设有多个沿壳体100的高度方向间隔布置的扁管插口111，扁管13插设于扁管插口111内。
分配部200上设有制冷剂流道，包括连通的入口流道210、多个出口流道220、以及连通流道230。
入口流道210正对并连通于制冷剂入口121。
每个出口流道220正对并连通于对应的扁管插口111，多个出口流道220相对于入口流道210对称布置。
出口流道220的数量为任意偶数个，比如，图4所示的实施例中出口流道220数量为4个(分别标记为220-1、220-2、220-3、220-4)，图12所示的实施例中出口流道220的数量为6个。
连通流道230连通相邻的入口流道210与出口流道220、相邻的两个出口流道220。
图5为根据本公开一些实施例的分配器中分配部的结构示意图。如图5所示，为了便于描述，定义入口流道210与相邻的出口流道220之间的连通流道为第一连通流道(标记为230-1)；相邻的两个出口流道220之间的连通流道为第二连通流道(标记为230-2)，如出口流道220-1和出口流道220-2之间的连通流道，出口流道220-3和出口流道220-4之间的连通流道；其中第一连通流道230-1与第二连通流道230-2连通。
参照图5，入口流道210处设有尖角部240，用于将从制冷剂入口121流入入口流道210内的制冷剂平分成向上流和向下流的两部分。
尖角部240将流入分配器11内的制冷剂“劈成两半”，分别向上和向下流动，是保证制冷剂入口210上下两侧的扁管内制冷剂分配均匀的关键。
有一定干度的制冷剂流体发生气液相分离有两个条件，一个是流速，另一个是空间。流速越高，流动空间越小，越难以发生相分离；流速越低，空间越大，越容易发生相分离。
本公开中的分配器11通过窄结构的连通流道230，实现“窄流道、高流速”，使得制冷剂在分配器11内流动的过程中无法发生相分离，提高制冷剂的分配均匀性。
在本公开一些实施例中，连通相邻入口流道210与出口流道220、以及连通相邻两个出口流道220的多个连通流道230的宽度W相同或不相同。也即，以图5为例，第一连通流道230-1的宽度W1与第二连通流道230-2的宽度W2可以相同，也可以不相同。
连通流道230的宽度不宜过大，以保证“窄流道、高流速”的结构特征。在一些实施方式中，流通流道230的宽度为1-5mm。
图6为根据本公开一些实施例的分配器中分配部的结构示意图。本公开 一些实施例中，参照图5和图6，入口流道210的一端与连通流道230连通，并在该端处(即指入口流道210与连通流道230连通的一端)设有尖角部240。
制冷剂自制冷剂入口121流入尖角部240的一侧，在向连通流道230的方向流动的过程中，被位于一端的尖角部240“劈成两半”，从而保证上下两侧制冷剂的均匀分配。
尖角部240与连通流道230之间呈直线(如图8中的(a)，标记为S1)或弧线(如图8中的(b)，标记为S2)过渡。
对于连通流道230的设置位置，在一种可能的实施方式中，
参照图5，连通流道230连通出口流道220的端部，并位于分配部200的边侧位置。
在另一种可能的实施方式中，参照图6，连通流道230连通出口流道220的中部，并位于分配部200的中部位置。连通流道230靠近板状结构的分配部200的边缘，由于流道的加工采用模具冲压而成，距离边缘太近易导致便于卷曲，造成加工困难。连通流道230连通出口流道220的中部，并位于分配部200的中部位置的设置方式可以在兼顾制冷剂均匀分配的前提下，加工工艺简单。
为了进一步提高制冷剂的分配均匀性，本公开一些实施例中，通过在制冷剂的流通通道230上设置圆角结构特征，实现对制冷剂流量的调节。
具体的，参照图5和图6，连通流道230与出口流道220连通的位置处，至少在出口流道220与位于上游的连通流道230的连通过渡面上设有第一圆角部(标记为R1)，第一圆角部R1用于调节从连通流道230流入出口流道220内制冷剂的流量，通过调节第一圆角部R1的半径大小，实现流量调节的目的。
在本公开的一些实施例中，连通流道230与出口流道220连通的位置处，在出口流道220与位于下游的连通流道230的连通过渡面上设有第二圆角部(标记为R2)，第二圆角部R2用于调节从出口流道220流入位于下游的连通流道230内制冷剂的流量，提高流量调节的效果。
对于分配器的内部结构，本公开一些实施例中，参照图4和图7，分配器11还包括安装部300，安装部300也为一板状结构，其设于空腔内，壳体100、分配部200以及安装部300紧贴设置。
安装部300上设有多个通口310，每个通口310正对并连通于对应的出口流道210与扁管插口111之间，插入扁管插口111内的扁管13部分伸入对应的通口310内。
制冷剂流道为设于板状分配部200上的冲孔结构，将壳体100、分配部200及安装部300紧贴装配后，分配部200上的冲孔结构被前后的壳体100和安装部300封堵、限定形成制冷剂流道。
安装部300的作用主要是给扁管13创造一定的插入深度，保证工艺的可实现性。
壳体100包括底壳110和盖板120，底壳110为盒装结构，底壳110的一侧敞口、另一侧上设有扁管插口111，盖板120设于底壳110的敞口处，将底壳110的敞口封堵以形成内部的空腔，盖板120上设有制冷剂入口121。
分配部200紧贴盖板120设置，安装部300紧贴底壳110上设有扁管插口111的一侧设置，分配部200与安装部300也紧贴，如图7所示。
盒状的底壳110将盖板120、分配部200以及安装部300包裹在内，防止板与板之间焊接不良导致的泄露，也可以防止由于腐蚀导致的泄露。
继续参照图7，扁管13插入壳体100内的深度为m，壳体100的总厚度为n，在本公开一些实施例中，m≤3/4n。
在上述实施例中，当制冷剂的入射流速较大的时候，两侧远离入口流道210的出口流道220(图5和图6所示结构中的220-1和220-4)内的制冷剂流量较大、压力大；而当制冷剂的入射流速较小的时候，两侧靠近入口流道210的出口流道(图5和图6所示结构中的220-2和220-3)内的制冷剂流量较大、压力小，机组运行时压缩机的频率不同，因此会导致入射流速不同，制冷剂流量的分配与入射流速有关。
当制冷剂入射流速较大时，考虑如果多余的制冷剂流量能够部分返回到上游的出口流道220(图5和图6所示结构中的220-2和220-3)内，则制冷剂流量分配会更加均匀；同理，当制冷剂流量入射流速较小时，考虑如果多余的制冷剂流量能够部分流入下游的出口流道220(图5和图6所示结构中的220-1和220-4)内，同样有助于提高制冷剂的分配均匀性。
图9为根据本公开一些实施例的分配器中分配部和安装部的结构示意图；图10为根据本公开一些实施例的分配器中制冷剂的流动路径示意图；图11为图10中A-A向剖视图。本公开一些实施例中，参照图9至图11，在 相邻的两个出口流道220之间还设有均压250流道，使压力大的出口流道220内的制冷剂经均压流道250向压力小的出口流道220流动，达到制冷剂二次重新分配的效果。
图10和图11以制冷剂入射流速较高为例，此时两侧远离入口流道210的出口流道220(图10所示结构中的220-1和220-4)内的制冷剂流量较大、压力大，多余的制冷剂流量将沿着均压流道250返回到上游的出口流道220(图10所示结构中的220-2和220-3)内，实现均流。
在图5所示的连通流道230设于出口流道220的端部时，连通流道230位于分配部200的边侧位置，均压流道250连接出口流道220的另一端。
在图6所示的连通流道230设于出口流道220的中部时，连通流道230位于分配部200的中部位置，均压流道250连接出口流道220的一端或两端。
从便于加工的角度考虑，本公开一些实施例中，参照图9中的(a)图，分配部200上设有第一流道251，第一流道251的一端与出口流道220连通；参照图9中的(b)图，安装部300上设有第二流道320，第二流道320的一端与相邻的另一出口流道220所正对的通口310连通；再参照图10和图11，第一流道251的另一端与第二流道320的另一端重叠形成均压孔252，由第一流道251、第二流道320以及均压孔252形成均压流道250。
均压孔252的大小通过第一流道251与第二流道320重叠部分的长度进行调节。
均压流道250的宽度与连通流道230的宽度接近。
图12根据本公开一些实施例的分配器中分配部和安装部的结构示意图。该分配器包括6个出口流道220，相邻两个出口流道220之间设有均压流道250，其中图12中的(a)是分配部200的结构示意图，图12中的(b)是安装部300的结构示意图，图12中的(c)是分配部200与安装部300装配后的结构示意图。
以上仅为本公开的具体实施方式，但本公开的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本公开揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本公开的保护范围之内。因此，本公开的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种空调器，包括换热器，其特征在于，所述换热器包括用于将制冷剂均匀分配至多个扁管内的分配器，所述分配器包括：
    壳体，其内形成空腔，所述壳体的一侧设有制冷剂入口，另一侧设有多个间隔布置的扁管插口；
    分配部，其设于所述空腔内，所述分配部上设有制冷剂流道，所述制冷剂流道包括：
    入口流道，其正对并连通于所述制冷剂入口；
    多个出口流道，每个所述出口流道正对并连通于对应的所述扁管插口，多个所述出口流道相对于所述入口流道对称布置；
    连通流道，其连通相邻的所述入口流道与所述出口流道、相邻的两个所述出口流道；
    其中，所述入口流道处设有尖角部，用于将从所述制冷剂入口流入所述入口流道内的制冷剂平分成向上流和向下流的两部分。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的空调器，其特征在于，
    所述入口流道的一端与所述连通流道连通，并在该端处设有所述尖角部。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的空调器，其特征在于，
    所述连通流道连通于所述出口流道的端部，所述连通流道位于所述分配部的边侧位置。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的空调器，其特征在于，
    所述连通流道连通于所述出口流道的中部，所述连通流道位于所述分配部的中部位置。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的空调器，其特征在于，
    所述尖角部与所述连通流道之间呈直线或弧线过渡。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的空调器，其特征在于，
    所述连通流道与所述出口流道连通的位置处，至少在所述出口流道与位于上游的所述连通流道的连通过渡面上设有第一圆角部，所述第一圆角部用于调节从所述连通流道流入所述出口流道内制冷剂的流量。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的空调器，其特征在于，
    所述连通流道与所述出口流道连通的位置处，在所述出口流道与位于下游的所述连通流道的连通过渡面上设有第二圆角部，所述第二圆角部用于调节从所述出口流道流入位于下游的所述连通流道内制冷剂的流量。
  8. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的空调器，其特征在于，
    连通于相邻所述入口流道与所述出口流道之间、以及相邻两个所述出口流道之间的多段所述连通流道的宽度相同或不相同。
  9. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的空调器，其特征在于，
    所述分配器还包括安装部，其设于所述空腔内，所述壳体、所述分配部以及所述安装部紧贴设置；
    所述安装部上设有多个通口，每个所述通口正对并连通于对应的所述出口流道与所述扁管插口之间；
    插入所述扁管插口内的扁管具有部分伸入对应的所述通口内。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的空调器，其特征在于，
    所述壳体包括底壳和盖板，所述底壳的一侧敞口、另一侧上设有所述扁管插口，所述盖板设于所述底壳的敞口处，所述盖板上设有所述制冷剂入口；
    所述分配部紧贴所述盖板设置，所述安装部紧贴所述底壳上设有所述扁管插口的一侧设置，所述分配部与所述安装部也紧贴。
  11. 一种空调器，其包括换热器，其特征在于，所述换热器包括用于将制冷剂均匀分配至多个扁管内的分配器，所述分配器包括：
    壳体，其内形成空腔，所述壳体的一侧设有制冷剂入口，另一侧设有多个间隔布置的扁管插口；
    分配部，其设于所述空腔内，所述分配部上设有制冷剂流道，所述制冷剂流道包括：
    入口流道，其正对并连通于所述制冷剂入口；
    多个出口流道，每个所述出口流道正对并连通于对应的所述扁管插口，多个所述出口流道相对于所述入口流道对称布置；
    连通流道，其连通相邻的所述入口流道与所述出口流道、相邻的两个所述出口流道；
    均压流道，其连通于相邻的两个所述出口流道之间，使压力大的所述出口流道内的制冷剂经所述均压流道向压力小的所述出口流道流动。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的空调器，其特征在于，
    所述连通流道连通于所述出口流道的端部，所述连通流道位于所述分配部的边侧位置，所述均压流道连通于所述出口流道的另一端。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的空调器，其特征在于，
    所述连通流道连通于所述出口流道的中部，所述连通流道位于所述分配部的中部位置，所述均压流道连通于所述出口流道的一端或两端。
  14. 根据权利要求11至13中任一项所述的空调器，其特征在于，
    所述分配器还包括安装部，其设于所述空腔内，所述壳体、所述分配部以及所述安装部紧贴设置；
    所述安装部上设有多个通口，每个所述通口正对并连通于对应的所述出口流道与所述扁管插口之间；
    插入所述扁管插口内的扁管具有部分伸入对应的所述通口内。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的空调器，其特征在于，
    所述分配部上设有第一流道，所述第一流道的一端与所述出口流道连通；
    所述安装部上设有第二流道，所述第二流道的一端与相邻的另一所述出口流道所正对的所述通口连通；
    所述第一流道的另一端与所述第二流道的另一端重叠形成均压孔；
    由所述第一流道、所述第二流道以及所述均压孔形成所述均压流道。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的空调器，其特征在于，
    所述壳体包括底壳和盖板，所述底壳的一侧敞口、另一侧上设有所述扁管插口，所述盖板设于所述底壳的敞口处，所述盖板上设有所述制冷剂入口；
    所述分配器紧贴所述盖板设置，所述安装部紧贴所述底壳上设有所述扁管插口的一侧设置，所述分配部与所述安装部也紧贴。
  17. 根据权利要求14所述的空调器，其特征在于，
    扁管插入所述壳体内的深度为m，所述壳体的厚度为n，m≤3/4n。
  18. 根据权利要求11至13中任一项所述的空调器，其特征在于，
    连通于相邻所述入口流道与所述出口流道之间、以及相邻两个所述出口流道之间的多段所述连通流道的宽度相同或不相同。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的空调器，其特征在于，
    所述连通流道的宽度为1-5mm。
  20. 根据权利要求11至13中任一项所述的空调器，其特征在于，
    所述连通流道与所述出口流道连通的位置处设有用于调节制冷剂流道的圆角部。
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JPH0611291A (ja) * 1992-04-02 1994-01-21 Nartron Corp 冷却システム用の積層プレートヘッダー及びその製造方法
US6892805B1 (en) * 2004-04-05 2005-05-17 Modine Manufacturing Company Fluid flow distribution device
JP2009041797A (ja) * 2007-08-07 2009-02-26 Showa Denko Kk 熱交換器
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