WO2023087516A1 - 压裂设备及其启动方法和压裂设备组 - Google Patents

压裂设备及其启动方法和压裂设备组 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023087516A1
WO2023087516A1 PCT/CN2022/070507 CN2022070507W WO2023087516A1 WO 2023087516 A1 WO2023087516 A1 WO 2023087516A1 CN 2022070507 W CN2022070507 W CN 2022070507W WO 2023087516 A1 WO2023087516 A1 WO 2023087516A1
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Prior art keywords
fracturing
winding
switch
fracturing equipment
power supply
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PCT/CN2022/070507
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
崔树桢
常胜
李守哲
赵大伟
吕亮
李心成
Original Assignee
烟台杰瑞石油装备技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2023087516A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023087516A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
    • E21B43/2607—Surface equipment specially adapted for fracturing operations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
    • H02P25/18—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B17/00—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors
    • F04B17/03—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by electric motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B47/00—Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/02—Stopping, starting, unloading or idling control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/06—Control using electricity
    • F04B49/065—Control using electricity and making use of computers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/54—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting two or more dynamo-electric motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a fracturing device, a method for starting the fracturing device, and a fracturing device group.
  • fracturing In the field of oil and natural gas extraction, fracturing refers to a technology that uses high-pressure fracturing fluid to form cracks in oil and gas layers during oil or gas extraction. Through fracturing operations, oil and gas layers can be fractured, which can improve the flow environment of oil or natural gas underground and increase the production of oil wells. Therefore, fracturing operation is the main production stimulation method in oil and gas field exploitation.
  • shale gas resources are abundant in the world, but due to the low permeability of shale formations, they have not been widely developed yet.
  • fracturing technology can be widely used in shale reservoir reconstruction and shale gas exploitation.
  • Equipment used for fracturing operations generally includes sand mixing equipment, mixing equipment, fracturing equipment and fracturing fluid delivery equipment.
  • Sand mixing equipment and compounding equipment can be used to prepare fracturing fluid with fracturing sand; fracturing equipment can pressurize fracturing fluid to convert low-pressure fracturing fluid into high-pressure fracturing fluid; fracturing fluid
  • the delivery equipment can be used to deliver the low-pressure fracturing fluid to the fracturing equipment for pressurization, and can also be used to deliver the pressurized high-pressure fracturing fluid to the wellhead for fracturing operations.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a fracturing equipment, a starting method thereof, and a fracturing equipment set.
  • the fracturing equipment can reduce the starting current of the motor through the starting device and the motor with the first winding and the second winding, so as to avoid the impact of the starting current of the motor on the power supply facility; and the reliability of the fracturing equipment is high, and The cost is low; in addition, the fracturing equipment does not need to reduce the start-up voltage, so it is suitable for high-load start-up applications, such as fracturing operations.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a fracturing device, which includes: a fracturing pump configured to pressurize a low-pressure fluid into a high-pressure fluid; a motor including a first winding and a second winding; and an activation device including a first switch and a second switch, the impedance of the first winding is greater than the impedance of the second winding, one end of the first switch is connected to the first winding, and the other end of the first switch is connected to the power supply facility, so One end of the second switch is connected to the second winding, and the other end of the second switch is connected to the power supply facility.
  • the first winding includes a three-phase winding
  • the second winding includes a three-phase winding
  • the ratio of the impedance of the first winding to the impedance of the second winding ranges from 2-5.
  • the ratio of the impedance of the first winding to the impedance of the second winding ranges from 3-4.
  • the starting device further includes: a controller, which is respectively connected to the first switch and the second switch in communication, and is configured to receive the After receiving the starting signal of the motor, the first switch is closed at a first moment, and the second switch is closed at a second moment, and the second moment is later than the first moment.
  • a controller which is respectively connected to the first switch and the second switch in communication, and is configured to receive the After receiving the starting signal of the motor, the first switch is closed at a first moment, and the second switch is closed at a second moment, and the second moment is later than the first moment.
  • the time difference between the second moment and the first moment is in a range of 5-20 seconds.
  • the power supply facility includes at least one of a power grid and a generator.
  • the fracturing equipment provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure further includes: a transmission mechanism, one end of the transmission mechanism is connected to the fracturing pump, and the other end of the transmission mechanism is connected to the motor.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a fracturing equipment group, which includes at least one main fracturing equipment, where the main fracturing equipment is the fracturing equipment described in any one of the foregoing.
  • the fracturing equipment set includes a plurality of the main fracturing equipment and a plurality of activation switches, and a plurality of the activation switches and a plurality of the main pressure
  • the fracturing equipments are provided in one-to-one correspondence, and one end of each start switch is connected to the corresponding main fracturing equipment, and the other end is connected to the power supply facility.
  • a fracturing equipment set provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure further includes: auxiliary fracturing equipment arranged in parallel with the at least one main fracturing equipment; and a frequency converter, one end of which is connected to a power supply facility, The other end of the frequency converter is connected with the auxiliary fracturing equipment.
  • a fracturing equipment set provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure further includes: a switch, one end of the switch is connected to the main fracturing equipment, and the other end of the switch is configured to be connected to the frequency conversion device or the power supply facility.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a method for starting fracturing equipment, the fracturing equipment includes the fracturing equipment described in any one of the above, and the driving method includes: closing the first switch at the first moment to connecting the first winding to the utility; and closing the second switch to connect the second winding to the utility at a second time, the second time being later than the first time .
  • Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of a kind of electric drive fracturing equipment
  • Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of another kind of electric drive fracturing equipment
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fracturing equipment provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 4 is a method for starting a fracturing equipment provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fracturing equipment group provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of another fracturing equipment group provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of another fracturing equipment group provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the fracturing equipment includes a prime mover, a transmission mechanism and a fracturing pump.
  • the prime mover is connected to the fracturing pump through the transmission mechanism to provide mechanical power to the fracturing pump through the transmission mechanism; the fracturing pump uses the mechanical power to pressurize the low-pressure fluid for high-pressure fluids.
  • Common fracturing equipment uses a diesel engine as the prime mover, but this fracturing equipment has the following disadvantages: (1) The diesel engine is large in size and heavy in weight, which easily leads to large volume and heavy weight of the fracturing equipment, resulting in restricted transportation , low power density; (2) Diesel engines will produce exhaust gas pollution and noise pollution during operation, which is not environmentally friendly; (3) The purchase cost of diesel engines is relatively high, and the fuel consumption per unit power during operation is high.
  • Electric drive fracturing equipment is a kind of fracturing equipment powered by electric motor, which usually includes electric motor, transmission mechanism and fracturing pump; the motor is connected with the fracturing pump through the transmission mechanism to transmit the mechanical power to the fracturing pump; the pressure The pump uses this mechanical power to convert the low-pressure fracturing fluid into high-pressure fracturing fluid for fracturing operations.
  • Electric drive fracturing equipment uses electric motors to drive plunger pumps, so it has the advantages of small size, economy, energy saving, and environmental protection. However, due to the inherent characteristics of the motor, when the motor is directly started with full voltage, there is a short-term inrush current, and the inrush current is usually several times the rated current, for example, 5 to 7 times.
  • the current of the motor is very large when it is started, which will cause an impact on the power supply facility; if the power supply facility is a grid, it is easy to cause tripping, if the power supply facility is a generator , it is easy to cause the generator to stop due to overload.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electric drive fracturing equipment.
  • the electric drive fracturing equipment 10 includes a fracturing pump 11, a motor 12, a transmission mechanism 13 and a frequency converter 14; the motor 12 is connected to the fracturing pump 11 through the transmission mechanism 13, and one end of the frequency converter 14 is connected to the power supply
  • the facility 20 is connected, and the other end of the frequency converter 14 is connected with the motor 12 . Therefore, the frequency converter can conveniently and flexibly adjust the rotation speed of the motor, thereby adjusting the displacement of the electric drive fracturing equipment.
  • the instantaneous current when the motor starts has no impact on power supply facilities such as the power grid or generators.
  • the frequency converter is prone to failure and relatively low reliability, which easily leads to the shutdown of the electric drive fracturing equipment and the inability to operate continuously .
  • the frequency converter includes high-voltage switchgear, rectifier transformer, rectifier unit, inverter unit, control unit, etc., so the cost of the frequency converter is relatively high, resulting in relatively high cost of electric drive fracturing equipment.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of another electric fracturing equipment.
  • the electric drive fracturing equipment 10 includes a fracturing pump 11, a motor 12, a transmission mechanism 13 and a soft start device 15; the motor 12 is connected with the fracturing pump 11 through the transmission mechanism 13, and one end of the soft start device 15 It is connected with the power supply facility, and the other end of the soft start device 15 is connected with the motor 12 .
  • the soft start device can reduce the starting current of the generator.
  • the soft start device reduces the starting current of the motor by reducing the starting voltage of the motor, so the starting torque of the motor is also greatly reduced, which is not suitable for high-load starting applications such as fracturing operations.
  • the soft start device suitable for high voltage also includes complex electrical components, which has low reliability and high cost.
  • inventions of the present disclosure provide a fracturing equipment, a starting method thereof, and a fracturing equipment set.
  • the fracturing equipment includes a fracturing pump, a motor, and an activation device; the fracturing pump is configured to pressurize low-pressure fluid into high-pressure fluid; the motor includes a first winding and a second winding; the activation device includes a first switch and a second switch.
  • the impedance of the first winding is greater than the impedance of the second winding, one end of the first switch is connected to the first winding, the other end of the first switch is connected to the power supply facility, one end of the second switch is connected to the second winding, and the other end of the second switch One end is connected to the power supply facility.
  • the fracturing equipment can close the first switch when the motor is started, and use the first winding with a large impedance to reduce the starting current, and after the motor is successfully started, close the second switch and connect the second winding, so as to perform normal operation. run.
  • the fracturing equipment can reduce the starting current of the motor through the starting device and the motor with the first winding and the second winding, so as to avoid the impact of the starting current of the motor on the power supply facility; and the reliability of the fracturing equipment is relatively high. High and low cost; in addition, the fracturing equipment does not need to reduce the starting voltage, so it is suitable for high-load starting applications, such as fracturing operations.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fracturing equipment provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the fracturing equipment 100 includes a fracturing pump 110, a motor 120, and an activation device 130; the fracturing pump 110 is configured to pressurize a low-pressure fluid (such as a fracturing fluid) into a high-pressure fluid; the motor 120 includes a first A winding 121 and a second winding 122 ; the starting device 130 includes a first switch 131 and a second switch 132 .
  • a low-pressure fluid such as a fracturing fluid
  • the impedance of the first winding 121 is greater than the impedance of the second winding 122, one end of the first switch 131 is connected to the first winding 121, the other end of the first switch 131 is connected to the power supply facility 200, and one end of the second switch 132 is connected to the second winding 122, and the other end of the second switch 132 is connected to the power supply facility 200.
  • the motor has multiple windings, that is, a first winding and a second winding, and the impedance of the first winding is greater than that of the second winding.
  • the first switch can be closed to use the first winding with higher impedance to reduce the starting current and complete the start of the motor; then, after the motor is successfully started, the second switch is closed to connect the second winding to the power supply facility through for normal operation.
  • the fracturing equipment has the following advantages: (1) the fracturing equipment can reduce the starting current of the motor through the above-mentioned starting device and the motor with the first winding and the second winding, avoiding the impact of the starting current of the motor on (2) Since the fracturing equipment does not need to be equipped with expensive transformers or soft starting devices, and the starting device of the fracturing equipment has a simple structure, the reliability of the fracturing equipment is high and the cost is low ; (3) The fracturing equipment does not need to reduce the starting voltage, so it is suitable for high-load starting applications, such as fracturing operations.
  • the first switch can be kept closed or disconnected, both of which can realize the normal operation of the motor; in addition, the closing of the above-mentioned switch means that the switch electrically connects the power supply facility with the corresponding winding.
  • the above-mentioned disconnection of the switch means that the switch disconnects the electrical connection between the power supply facility and the corresponding winding, and the switch is in a non-conducting state at this time.
  • the displacement can be adjusted by replacing the fracturing pump.
  • the first winding 121 includes a three-phase winding
  • the second winding 122 includes a three-phase winding. That is to say, the first winding and the second winding are not part of the existing three-phase windings in the motor, but two independent windings; both the first winding and the second winding can operate independently.
  • the ratio of the impedance of the first winding 121 to the impedance of the second winding 122 ranges from 2-5. Therefore, the fracturing equipment can effectively reduce the starting current of the motor, and has lower cost.
  • the ratio of the impedance of the first winding 121 to the impedance of the second winding 122 ranges from 3-4.
  • the starting device 130 further includes a controller 133, and the controller 133 is respectively connected in communication with the first switch 131 and the second switch 132 to control the closing of the first switch 131 and the second switch 132. and disconnect.
  • the controller 133 is configured to close the first switch 131 at a first moment and close the second switch 132 at a second moment after receiving the start signal of the motor 120 .
  • the second moment is later than the first moment. Therefore, the fracturing equipment can close the first switch at the first moment to reduce the starting current and complete the start-up of the motor by using the first winding with higher impedance; then, the fracturing equipment can close the second switch at the second moment To connect the second winding with the power supply facility for normal operation.
  • the aforementioned communication connection includes communication connection through wired connection (such as wire, optical fiber, etc.), and also includes communication connection through wireless connection (such as WiFi, mobile network).
  • wired connection such as wire, optical fiber, etc.
  • wireless connection such as WiFi, mobile network
  • the above-mentioned controller 133 may include a storage medium and a processor; the storage medium is used to store a computer program; the processor is used to execute the computer program in the storage medium to realize closing the first switch at the first moment to utilize The first winding with larger impedance reduces the starting current and completes the starting of the motor; at the second moment, the second switch is closed to connect the second winding to the power supply facility, so as to perform normal operation.
  • the above-mentioned storage medium may be a volatile memory and/or a non-volatile memory.
  • the volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) and/or cache memory (cache), etc., for example.
  • Non-volatile memory may include, for example, read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, and the like.
  • the aforementioned processor may be a central processing unit (CPU) or other forms of processing devices with data processing capabilities and/or instruction execution capabilities, such as microprocessors, programmable logic controllers (PLCs), and the like.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • PLCs programmable logic controllers
  • the time difference between the second moment and the first moment is in the range of 5-20 seconds.
  • power supply facility 200 includes at least one of a power grid and a generator. That is to say, the power supply facility can be a power grid; or, the power supply setting can be a generator or a generator set; or, the power supply facility can be a combination of a generator and a power grid.
  • the power supply facility when the power supply facility includes a power grid, the power supply facility may further include a step-down substation connected to the power grid to reduce voltage.
  • the rated frequency of motor 120 is the same as the rated frequency of power supply facility 200 and the rated voltage of motor 120 is approximately the same as the rated voltage of power supply arrangement 200 . It should be noted that the above-mentioned approximately the same means that the difference between the two is less than 10% of the average value between the two.
  • the rated frequency of the motor 120 may be 50 Hz or 60 Hz; the rated voltage of the motor 120 may range from 6 kV to 14 kV.
  • the fracturing equipment 100 further includes a transmission mechanism 140 , one end of the transmission mechanism 140 is connected to the fracturing pump 110 , and the other end of the transmission mechanism 140 is connected to the motor 120 .
  • the transmission mechanism can transmit the mechanical power output by the electric motor to the fracturing pump.
  • the fracturing equipment may further include a reduction box, one end of which is connected with the transmission mechanism, and the other end is connected with the plunger pump.
  • the fracturing pump 110 can be a plunger pump, and the plunger pump converts the mechanical power output by the motor into the reciprocating motion of the plunger, and the reciprocating motion of the plunger can convert the low-pressure
  • the fluid is pressurized as a high pressure fluid.
  • a plunger pump may include a crankshaft linkage that converts rotational motion into reciprocating motion of a plunger, and at least a portion of the plunger may extend into the fluid end to The low pressure fluid is pressurized.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure include but are not limited thereto, and other types of pumps may also be used as fracturing pumps.
  • FIG. 4 is a method for starting a fracturing equipment provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 4, the starting method includes the following steps:
  • S102 Turn on the second switch at a second moment to connect the second winding to the power supply facility, and the second moment is later than the first moment.
  • the motor has multiple windings, namely the first winding and the second winding, and the impedance of the first winding is greater than that of the second winding; the starting method closes the first winding at the first moment A switch is used to reduce the starting current and complete the starting of the motor by using the first winding with higher impedance; then, the starting method closes the second switch at the second moment to connect the second winding to the power supply facility, so as to perform normal operation.
  • the starting method of the fracturing equipment has the following advantages: (1) The starting method of the fracturing equipment can reduce the starting current of the motor, avoiding the impact of the starting current of the motor on the power supply facility; The starting method of the fracturing equipment does not need to be equipped with expensive transformers or soft starting devices, and the starting device of the fracturing equipment is simple in structure, so the reliability of the starting method is high, and the cost is low; (3) the fracturing equipment The starting method does not require a reduction in starting voltage, making it suitable for high-load starting applications, such as fracking operations.
  • the starting method may further include: turning off the first switch at a third moment to disconnect the first winding from the power supply facility, and the third moment is no earlier than the second moment.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a storage medium, on which a computer program is stored; when the computer program is executed by a processor, the above method for starting a fracturing equipment can be realized.
  • the start-up method of the fracturing equipment provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the software product can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (which can be a CD-ROM, a U disk, or a mobile hard disk. etc.); the non-volatile storage medium includes several instructions, which are used to make the electronic equipment including the processor execute the above-mentioned method for starting the fracturing equipment.
  • the storage medium may also include an operating system and a network communication module.
  • An operating system is a program that manages hardware and software and supports the operation of information processing programs and other software and/or programs.
  • the network communication module is used to realize the communication between various components inside the storage medium, and communicate with other hardware and software in the information processing entity device.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a physical device, including a storage medium and a processor; the storage medium is used to store a computer program; and the processor is used to execute the computer program in the storage medium to implement the above method for starting the fracturing equipment.
  • the aforementioned physical devices may be single-chip microcomputers, personal computers, smart phones, tablet computers, smart watches, or other smart devices.
  • the aforementioned physical device may also include a user interface, an input unit, a network interface, a camera, a radio frequency (Radio Frequency, RF) circuit, a sensor, an audio circuit, a WI-FI module, and the like.
  • the user interface may include a display screen
  • the input unit may include a keyboard, a mouse, and the like.
  • the above-mentioned storage medium may be a volatile memory and/or a non-volatile memory.
  • the volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) and/or cache memory (cache), etc., for example.
  • Non-volatile memory may include, for example, read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, and the like.
  • the aforementioned processor may be a central processing unit (CPU) or other forms of processing devices with data processing capabilities and/or instruction execution capabilities, such as microprocessors, programmable logic controllers (PLCs), and the like.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • PLCs programmable logic controllers
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fracturing equipment group provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the fracturing equipment group 300 includes at least one main fracturing equipment 310 , and the main fracturing equipment 310 may be the fracturing equipment 100 provided in any of the above examples. Therefore, the fracturing equipment group 300 has beneficial effects corresponding to the beneficial effects of the fracturing equipment 100 .
  • the fracturing equipment group can reduce the starting current of the motor to avoid the impact of the starting current of the motor on the power supply facilities; the fracturing equipment group has high reliability and low cost; the fracturing equipment group is suitable for high-load starting applications such as fracturing operations.
  • the fracturing equipment group 300 includes a plurality of main fracturing equipment 310 and a plurality of activation switches 320, and the plurality of activation switches 320 and the plurality of main fracturing equipment 310 are set in one-to-one correspondence, each One end of the start switch 320 is connected to the corresponding main fracturing equipment 310 , and the other end is connected to the power supply facility 200 . Since the fracturing equipment group may include a plurality of main fracturing equipment, the number of operating main fracturing equipment can be changed by controlling the on and off of the start switch, thereby adjusting the displacement of the fracturing fluid.
  • the fracturing equipment group 300 includes three main fracturing equipment 310 and three activation switches 320 , and each main fracturing equipment 310 is connected to the power supply facility 200 through one activation switch 320 .
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure include but are not limited thereto, and the number of main fracturing equipment in the fracturing equipment group may be determined according to the actual required displacement and the displacement of a single main fracturing equipment.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of another fracturing equipment group provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the fracturing equipment group 300 also includes auxiliary fracturing equipment 330 and a frequency converter 340; the auxiliary fracturing equipment 330 is arranged in parallel with at least one main fracturing equipment 310; one end of the frequency converter 340 is connected to the power supply facility 200 , the other end of the frequency converter 340 is connected to the auxiliary fracturing equipment 330 .
  • the fracturing equipment used by the main fracturing equipment maintains constant frequency operation after startup, which has the advantages of high reliability and low cost; while the auxiliary fracturing equipment is connected to the frequency converter, so it can be adjusted by the frequency converter The speed or power of the motor in the auxiliary fracturing equipment. Therefore, the combination of main fracturing equipment, auxiliary fracturing equipment and frequency converter can not only improve reliability and reduce cost, but also can flexibly adjust displacement through auxiliary fracturing equipment.
  • auxiliary fracturing equipment also includes a fracturing pump, a motor and a transmission mechanism, but the motor of the auxiliary fracturing equipment does not include multiple windings.
  • electric motors for auxiliary fracking and equipment only include windings for normal operation.
  • the displacement of the main fracturing equipment is greater than that of the auxiliary fracturing equipment, so that the quantity or specification of the auxiliary fracturing equipment in the fracturing equipment group can be reduced, thereby reducing the total cost of the fracturing equipment group.
  • the fracturing equipment group 300 further includes a switch 350, one end of the switch 350 is connected to the main fracturing equipment 310, and the other end of the switch 350 is configured to be connected to the frequency converter 340 or The power supply facility 200 is connected; that is, the switch 350 can make the main fracturing equipment 310 selectively connect with the frequency converter 340 or connect with the power supply facility 200 . Therefore, the main fracturing equipment 310 can also use the frequency converter 340 to adjust the displacement.
  • the switch 350 can be switched to be connected to the power supply facility 200, which will not cause impact on the power supply facility 200; when the motor of the auxiliary fracturing equipment 330 is started , can be started by the frequency converter 340 , so it will not cause impact on the power supply facility 200 .
  • the displacement of the auxiliary fracturing equipment 330 can be directly adjusted through the frequency converter 340 to achieve the adjustment of the total displacement of the fracturing equipment group 300
  • the switch 350 can also be switched to the frequency converter 340, and the displacement of the main fracturing equipment 310 can be adjusted through the frequency converter 340, so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting the total displacement of the fracturing equipment group 300.
  • the fracturing equipment group 300 includes a main fracturing equipment 310, an auxiliary fracturing equipment 330, a frequency converter 340 and a switch 350; the main fracturing equipment 310 is connected with the switch 350, The auxiliary fracturing equipment 330 is connected with the frequency converter 340 .
  • the number of main fracturing equipment and auxiliary fracturing equipment in the fracturing equipment group includes but is not limited to the above-mentioned situations, and can be set according to actual needs.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of another fracturing equipment group provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the fracturing equipment group 300 includes a main fracturing equipment 310 connected to an activation switch 320 and a main fracturing equipment 310 connected to a switching switch 350 . Therefore, the fracturing equipment group can flexibly set the connection mode of the main fracturing equipment, so as to maximize the benefits of displacement and cost.

Abstract

一种压裂设备及其启动方法和压裂设备组。该压裂设备(100)包括压裂泵(110)、电动机(120)和启动装置(130)；压裂泵(110)被配置为将低压流体加压为高压流体；电动机(120)包括第一绕组(121)和第二绕组(122)；启动装置(130)包括第一开关(131)和第二开关(132)。第一绕组(121)的阻抗大于第二绕组(122)的阻抗，第一开关(131)的一端与第一绕组(121)相连，第一开关(131)的另一端与供电设施(200)相连，第二开关(132)的一端与第二绕组(121)相连，第二开关(132)的另一端与供电设施(200)相连。该压裂设备可在电动机启动时，闭合第一开关，利用阻抗较大的第一绕组来降低启动电流，而在电动机成功启动之后，闭合第二开关，将第二绕组接入，从而进行正常运行。由此，该压裂设备可降低电动机的启动电流，避免电动机的启动电流对供电设施造成冲击。

Description

压裂设备及其启动方法和压裂设备组
本申请要求于2021年11月16日递交的中国专利申请202111355962.5号的优先权，在此全文引用上述中国专利申请公开的内容以作为本申请的一部分。
技术领域
本公开的实施例涉及一种压裂设备、压裂设备的启动方法、和压裂设备组。
背景技术
在石油和天然气开采领域，压裂作业是指在采油或采气过程中，利用高压的压裂液使油气层形成裂缝的一种技术。通过压裂作业可使得油气层形成裂缝，从而可改善石油或天然气在地下的流动环境，使油井产量增加。因此，压裂作业是油气田开采中主要的增产方式。另一方面，世界页岩气资源丰富，但由于页岩地层渗透率很低，目前还没有得到广泛开发。压裂技术作为页岩气开发的核心技术之一，可广泛用于页岩储层改造和页岩气的开采。
用于进行压裂作业的设备通常包括混砂设备、混配设备、压裂设备和压裂液输送设备。混砂设备和混配设备可用于制备携带有压裂砂的压裂液；压裂设备可对压裂液进行加压，以将低压的压裂液转变为高压的压裂液；压裂液输送设备可用于将低压的压裂液输送到压裂设备进行加压，也可用于将加压后的高压压裂液输送至井口进行压裂作业。
发明内容
本公开实施例提供一种压裂设备及其启动方法和压裂设备组。该压裂设备可通过启动装置和具有第一绕组和第二绕组的电动机来降低电动机的启动电流，避免电动机的启动电流对供电设施造成冲击；并且，该压裂设备的可靠性较高，并且造价较低；另外，该压裂设备无需降低启动电压，因此适合高负载启动的应用，例如压裂作业。
本公开至少一个实施例提供一种压裂设备，其包括：压裂泵，配置为将低压流体加压为高压流体；电动机，包括第一绕组和第二绕组；以及启动装置，包括第一开关和第二开关，所述第一绕组的阻抗大于所述第二绕组的阻抗，所 述第一开关的一端与所述第一绕组相连，所述第一开关的另一端与供电设施相连，所述第二开关的一端与所述第二绕组相连，所述第二开关的另一端与供电设施相连。
例如，在本公开一实施例提供的一种压裂设备中，所述第一绕组包括三相绕组，所述第二绕组包括三相绕组。
例如，在本公开一实施例提供的一种压裂设备中，所述第一绕组的阻抗与所述第二绕组的阻抗的比值范围为2-5。
例如，在本公开一实施例提供的一种压裂设备中，所述第一绕组的阻抗与所述第二绕组的阻抗的比值范围为3-4。
例如，在本公开一实施例提供的一种压裂设备中，所述启动装置还包括：控制器，分别与所述第一开关和所述第二开关通信相连，并被配置为接收到所述电动机的启动信号后，在第一时刻闭合所述第一开关，在第二时刻闭合所述第二开关，所述第二时刻晚于所述第一时刻。
例如，在本公开一实施例提供的一种压裂设备中，所述第二时刻和所述第一时刻的时间差的范围为5-20秒。
例如，在本公开一实施例提供的一种压裂设备中，所述供电设施包括电网和发电机中的至少一个。
例如，在本公开一实施例提供的一种压裂设备还包括：传动机构，所述传动机构的一端与所述压裂泵相连，所述传动机构的另一端与所述电动机相连。
本公开至少一个实施例还提供一种压裂设备组，其包括至少一个主压裂设备，所述主压裂设备为上述任一项所述的压裂设备。
例如，在本公开一实施例提供的压裂设备组中，所述压裂设备组包括多个所述主压裂设备和多个启动开关，多个所述启动开关和多个所述主压裂设备一一对应设置，各所述启动开关的一端与对应的主压裂设备相连，另一端与所述供电设施相连。
例如，本公开一实施例提供的一种压裂设备组还包括：辅助压裂设备，与所述至少一个主压裂设备并联设置；以及变频器，所述变频器的一端与供电设施相连，所述变频器的另一端与所述辅助压裂设备相连。
例如，本公开一实施例提供的一种压裂设备组还包括：切换开关，所述切换开关的一端与所述主压裂设备相连，所述切换开关的另一端被配置为与所述变频器或者所述供电设施相连。
本公开一实施例还提供一种压裂设备的启动方法，所述压裂设备包括上述任一项所述的压裂设备，所述驱动方法包括：在第一时刻闭合所述第一开关以将所述第一绕组与所述供电设施相连；以及在第二时刻闭合所述第二开关以将所述第二绕组与所述供电设施相连，所述第二时刻晚于所述第一时刻。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅涉及本公开的一些实施例，而非对本公开的限制。
图1为一种电驱压裂设备的示意图；
图2为另一种电驱压裂设备的示意图；
图3为本公开一实施例提供的一种压裂设备的示意图；
图4为本公开一实施例提供的一种压裂设备的启动方法；
图5为本公开一实施例提供的一种压裂设备组的示意图；
图6为本公开一实施例提供的另一种压裂设备组的示意图；以及
图7为本公开一实施例提供的另一种压裂设备组的示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本公开实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本公开实施例的附图，对本公开实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例是本公开的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本公开的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
除非另外定义，本公开使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本公开所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本公开中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现该词前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在该词后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同，而不排除其他元件或者物件。“连接”或者“相连”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接，而是可以包括电性的连接，不管是直接的还是间接的。
压裂设备包括原动机、传动机构和压裂泵，原动机通过传动机构与压裂泵 相连，以通过传动机构向压裂泵提供机械动力；压裂泵利用该机械动力将低压的流体加压为高压的流体。通常的压裂设备采用柴油发动机作为原动机，但是该压裂设备具有以下缺点：(1)柴油发动机的体积大、重量大，容易导致压裂设备的体积大、重量大，从而导致运输受限制，功率密度低；(2)柴油发动机在运行过程中会产生废气污染和噪音污染，不环保；(3)柴油发动机的采购成本比较高，运行时单位功率燃料消耗费用高。
电驱压裂设备是一种采用电动机作为动力的压裂设备，其通常包括电动机、传动机构和压裂泵；电动机通过传动机构与压裂泵相连，以将机械动力传递给压裂泵；压力泵利用该机械动力将低压的压裂液转换为高压的压裂液，以进行压裂作业。电驱压裂设备采用电动机驱动柱塞泵，因此具有体积小、经济、节能、环保等优点。然而，由于电动机的固有特点，电动机直接全压启动时，有短暂的冲击电流，冲击电流通常是额定电流的数倍，例如5到7倍。由于电驱压裂设备的电动机的功率较大，例如2000kw以上，因此电动机启动时的电流很大，会对供电设施造成冲击；如果供电设施是电网，则容易造成跳闸，如果供电设施是发电机，则容易造成发电机过负荷停机。
图1为一种电驱压裂设备的示意图。如图1所示，该电驱压裂设备10包括压裂泵11、电动机12、传动机构13和变频器14；电动机12通过传动机构13与压裂泵11相连，变频器14的一端与供电设施20相连，变频器14的另一端与电动机12相连。由此，变频器可方便灵活地调节电动机的转速，从而可调节电驱压裂设备的排量。另一方面，由于电动机与电网没有直接连接，电动机启动时的瞬时电流对电网或者发电机等供电设施没有冲击。
然而，由于电网的供电电压比较高，并且变频器的组成比较复杂，电子元器件较多，因此变频器容易出现故障，可靠性相对较低，从而容易导致电驱压裂设备停机，无法连续作业。另一方面，变频器包括高压开关柜、整流变压器、整流单元、逆变单元、控制单元等，因此变频器的造价也相对较高，导致电驱压裂设备的造价也相对较高。
图2为另一种电驱压裂设备的示意图。如图2所示，该电驱压裂设备10包括压裂泵11、电动机12、传动机构13和软启动装置15；电动机12通过传动机构13与压裂泵11相连，软启动装置15的一端与供电设施相连，软启动装置15的另一端与电动机12相连。由此，软启动装置可降低发电机的启动电流。
然而，软启动装置是通过降低电动机的启动电压的方式降低电动机的启动电流，因此电动机的启动扭矩也大幅度降低，不适合压裂作业这种高负载启动的应用。并且，适用于高压的软启动装置也包括复杂的电气元器件，可靠性较低，成本较高。
对此，本公开实施例提供一种压裂设备及其启动方法和压裂设备组。该压裂设备包括压裂泵、电动机和启动装置；压裂泵被配置为将低压流体加压为高压流体；电动机包括第一绕组和第二绕组；启动装置包括第一开关和第二开关。第一绕组的阻抗大于第二绕组的阻抗，第一开关的一端与第一绕组相连，第一开关的另一端与供电设施相连，第二开关的一端与第二绕组相连，第二开关的另一端与供电设施相连。该压裂设备可在电动机启动时，闭合第一开关，利用阻抗较大的第一绕组来降低启动电流，而在电动机成功启动之后，闭合第二开关，将第二绕组接入，从而进行正常运行。由此，该压裂设备可通过启动装置和具有第一绕组和第二绕组的电动机来降低电动机的启动电流，避免电动机的启动电流对供电设施造成冲击；并且，该压裂设备的可靠性较高，并且造价较低；另外，该压裂设备无需降低启动电压，因此适合高负载启动的应用，例如压裂作业。
下面，结合附图对本公开实施例提供的压裂设备及其启动方法和压裂设备组进行详细的说明。
本公开一实施例提供一种压裂设备。图3为本公开一实施例提供的一种压裂设备的示意图。如图3所示，该压裂设备100包括压裂泵110、电动机120和启动装置130；压裂泵110被配置为将低压流体(例如压裂液)加压为高压流体；电动机120包括第一绕组121和第二绕组122；启动装置130包括第一开关131和第二开关132。第一绕组121的阻抗大于第二绕组122的阻抗，第一开关131的一端与第一绕组121相连，第一开关131的另一端与供电设施200相连，第二开关132的一端与第二绕组122相连，第二开关132的另一端与供电设施200相连。
在本公开实施例提供的压裂设备中，电动机具有多个绕组，即第一绕组和第二绕组，并且第一绕组的阻抗大于第二绕组。当电动机启动时，可闭合第一开关以利用阻抗较大的第一绕组来降低启动电流并完成电动机的启动；然后，在电动机成功启动之后，闭合第二开关以将第二绕组与供电设施接通，从而进行正常运行。由此，该压裂设备具有以下几个优点：(1)该压裂设备可通过上 述的启动装置和具有第一绕组和第二绕组的电动机来降低电动机的启动电流，避免电动机的启动电流对供电设施造成冲击；(2)由于该压裂设备无需设置昂贵的变压器或者软启动装置，而该压裂设备的启动装置的结构简单，因此该压裂设备的可靠性较高，并且造价较低；(3)该压裂设备无需降低启动电压，因此适合高负载启动的应用，例如压裂作业。
需要说明的是，在电动机完成启动之后，第一开关可以保持闭合或者断开，均可实现电动机的正常运行；另外，上述的开关的闭合是指开关将供电设施与对应的绕组电连接，此时开关处于导通的状态；上述的开关的断开是指开关将供电设施与对应的绕组之间的电连接断开，此时开关处于不导通的状态。另一方面，由于该电动机完成启动后，定频运行，因此可以通过更换压裂泵来完成调节排量。
在一些示例中，如图3所示，第一绕组121包括三相绕组，第二绕组122包括三相绕组。也就是说，第一绕组和第二绕组并非电动机中已经存在的三相绕组中的一部分，而是相互独立的两个绕组；第一绕组和第二绕组均可独立运行。
在一些示例中，第一绕组121的阻抗与第二绕组122的阻抗的比值范围为2-5。由此，该压裂设备可有效地降低电动机的启动电流，并具有较低的成本。
在一些示例中，第一绕组121的阻抗与第二绕组122的阻抗的比值范围为3-4。
在一些示例中，如图3所示，启动装置130还包括控制器133，控制器133分别与第一开关131和第二开关132通信相连，以控制第一开关131和第二开关132的闭合和断开。控制器133被配置为接收到电动机120的启动信号之后，在第一时刻闭合第一开关131，在第二时刻闭合第二开关132。第二时刻晚于第一时刻。由此，该压裂设备可在第一时刻闭合第一开关以利用阻抗较大的第一绕组来降低启动电流并完成电动机的启动；然后，该压裂设备可在第二时刻闭合第二开关以将第二绕组与供电设施接通，从而进行正常运行。
在一些示例中，上述的通信相连包括通过有线连接(例如导线、光纤等)的方式进行通信连接，也包括通过无线连接(例如WiFi、移动网络)的方式进行通信连接。
在一些示例中，上述的控制器133可包括存储介质和处理器；存储介质，用于存储计算机程序；处理器，用于执行存储介质中计算机程序以实现在第一 时刻闭合第一开关以利用阻抗较大的第一绕组来降低启动电流并完成电动机的启动；在第二时刻闭合第二开关以将第二绕组与供电设施接通，从而进行正常运行。
例如，上述的存储介质可为易失性存储器和/或非易失性存储器。易失性存储器例如可以包括随机存取存储器(RAM)和/或高速缓冲存储器(cache)等。非易失性存储器例如可以包括只读存储器(ROM)、硬盘、闪存等。
例如，上述的处理器可以是中央处理单元(CPU)或者具有数据处理能力和/或指令执行能力的其它形式的处理装置，例如可以包括微处理器、可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)等。
在一些示例中，第二时刻和第一时刻的时间差的范围为5-20秒。
在一些示例中，如图3所示，供电设施200包括电网和发电机中的至少一个。也就是说，供电设施可为电网；或者，供电设置可为发电机或者发电机组；或者，供电设施可为发电机和电网的组合。
在一些示例中，当供电设施包括电网时，供电设施还可包括降压变电站，降压变电站与电网相连，以降低电压。
在一些示例中，电动机120的额定频率与供电设施200的额定频率相同，电动机120的额定电压与供电设置200的额定电压大致相同。需要说明的是，上述的大致相同是指两者之间的差值小于两者之间的平均值的10％。
例如，电动机120的额定频率可为50Hz，或者60Hz；电动机120的额定电压的范围可为6kV-14kV。
在一些示例中，如图3所示，该压裂设备100还包括传动机构140，传动机构140的一端与压裂泵110相连，传动机构140的另一端与电动机120相连。由此，传动机构可将电动机输出的机械动力传递给压裂泵。
在一些示例中，由于电动机的转速较高，因此该压裂设备还可包括减速箱，一端与传动机构相连，另一端与柱塞泵相连。
在一些示例中，压裂泵110可为柱塞泵，柱塞泵将电动机输出的机械动力转化为柱塞的往复运动，而柱塞的往复运动可在柱塞泵的液力端将低压的流体加压为高压流体。例如，柱塞泵可包括曲轴连杆机构和柱塞，曲轴连杆机构可将旋转运动转换为柱塞的往复运动，柱塞的至少部分可伸入液力端之中，以在液力端之中对低压流体进行加压。当然，本公开实施例包括但不限于此，压裂泵也可采用其他类型的泵。
本公开一实施例还提供一种压裂设备的启动方法。图4为本公开一实施例提供的一种压裂设备的启动方法。如图4所示，该启动方法包括以下步骤：
S101：在第一时刻闭合第一开关以将第一绕组与供电设施相连。
S102：在第二时刻闭合第二开关以将第二绕组与供电设施相连，第二时刻晚于第一时刻。
在本公开实施例提供的压裂设备的启动方法中，电动机具有多个绕组，即第一绕组和第二绕组，并且第一绕组的阻抗大于第二绕组；该启动方法在第一时刻闭合第一开关以利用阻抗较大的第一绕组来降低启动电流并完成电动机的启动；然后，该启动方法在第二时刻闭合第二开关以将第二绕组与供电设施接通，从而进行正常运行。由此，该压裂设备的启动方法具有以下几个优点：(1)该压裂设备的启动方法可降低电动机的启动电流，避免电动机的启动电流对供电设施造成冲击；(2)由于该压裂设备的启动方法无需设置昂贵的变压器或者软启动装置，而该压裂设备的启动装置的结构简单，因此该启动方法的可靠性较高，并且造价较低；(3)该压裂设备的启动方法无需降低启动电压，因此适合高负载启动的应用，例如压裂作业。
在一些示例中，该启动方法还可包括：在第三时刻断开第一开关以将第一绕组与供电设施断开，第三时刻不早于第二时刻。
本公开一实施例还提供一种存储介质，该存储介质上存储有计算机程序；当该计算机程序被处理器执行时可实现上述的压裂设备的启动方法。基于这样的理解，本公开实施例提供的压裂设备的启动方法可以软件产品的形式体现出来，该软件产品可存储在一个非易失性存储介质(可以是CD-ROM，U盘，移动硬盘等)中；该非易失性存储介质包括若干指令，用以使得包括处理器的电子设备执行上述的压裂设备的启动方法。
例如，存储介质中还可以包括操作系统、网络通信模块。操作系统是管理硬件和软件的程序，支持信息处理程序以及其它软件和/或程序的运行。网络通信模块用于实现存储介质内部各组件之间的通信，以及与信息处理实体设备中其它硬件和软件之间通信。
本公开一实施例还提供一种实体设备，包括存储介质和处理器；存储介质，用于存储计算机程序；处理器，用于执行存储介质中计算机程序以实现上述压裂设备的启动方法。
例如，上述的实体设备可为单片机、个人计算机、智能手机、平板电脑、 智能手表、或者其它智能设备。
例如，上述的实体设备还可以包括用户接口、输入单元、网络接口、摄像头、射频(RadioFrequency，RF)电路，传感器、音频电路、WI-FI模块等等。用户接口可以包括显示屏，输入单元可包括键盘、鼠标等。
例如，上述的存储介质可为易失性存储器和/或非易失性存储器。易失性存储器例如可以包括随机存取存储器(RAM)和/或高速缓冲存储器(cache)等。非易失性存储器例如可以包括只读存储器(ROM)、硬盘、闪存等。
例如，上述的处理器可以是中央处理单元(CPU)或者具有数据处理能力和/或指令执行能力的其它形式的处理装置，例如可以包括微处理器、可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)等。
本公开一实施例还提供一种压裂设备组。图5为本公开一实施例提供的一种压裂设备组的示意图。如图5所示，该压裂设备组300包括至少一个主压裂设备310，主压裂设备310可为上述任一示例提供的压裂设备100。由此，该压裂设备组300具有与压裂设备100的有益效果对应的有益效果。例如，该压裂设备组可降低电动机的启动电流，避免电动机的启动电流对供电设施造成冲击；该压裂设备组的可靠性较高，并且造价较低；该压裂设备组适合高负载启动的应用，例如压裂作业。
在一些示例中，如图5所示，压裂设备组300包括多个主压裂设备310和多个启动开关320，多个启动开关320和多个主压裂设备310一一对应设置，各启动开关320的一端与对应的主压裂设备310相连，另一端与供电设施200相连。由于该压裂设备组可包括多个主压裂设备，因此可通过控制启动开关的闭合和断开来改变运行的主压裂设备的数量，从而调节压裂液的排量。
例如，如图5所示，压裂设备组300包括三个主压裂设备310和三个启动开关320，各主压裂设备310通过一个启动开关320与供电设施200相连。当然，本公开实施例包括但不限于此，压裂设备组中的主压裂设备的数量可根据实际需要的排量和单个主压裂设备的排量来确定。
图6为本公开一实施例提供的另一种压裂设备组的示意图。如图6所示，该压裂设备组300还包括辅助压裂设备330和变频器340；辅助压裂设备330与至少一个主压裂设备310并联设置；变频器340的一端与供电设施200相连，变频器340的另一端与辅助压裂设备330相连。如上文所述，主压裂设备采用的压裂设备在启动完成之后保持定频运行，具有可靠性高、成本低等优点；而 辅助压裂设备与变频器相连，因此可通过变频器来调节辅助压裂设备中电动机的转速或者功率。因此，该压裂设备组通过主压裂设备、辅助压裂设备和变频器的组合，既可提高可靠性、降低成本，也可通过辅助压裂设备来灵活地调节排量。
需要说明的是，辅助压裂设备同样也包括压裂泵、电动机和传动机构，但辅助压裂设备的电动机不包括多个绕组。例如，辅助压裂和设备的电动机仅包括用于正常运行的绕组。
在一些示例中，主压裂设备的排量大于辅助压裂设备的排量，从而可减少压裂设备组中辅助压裂设备的数量或者规格，从而降低压裂设备组的总成本。
在一些示例中，如图6所示，该压裂设备组300还包括切换开关350，切换开关350的一端与主压裂设备310相连，切换开关350的另一端被配置为与变频器340或者供电设施200相连；也就是说，切换开关350可使得主压裂设备310可选择性地与变频器340相连，或者与供电设施200相连。由此，主压裂设备310也可利用变频器340来调节排量。
例如，如图6所示，当主压裂设备310的电动机启动时，可将切换开关350切换到与供电设施200相连，不会对供电设施200造成冲击；当辅助压裂设备330的电动机启动时，可通过变频器340进行启动，因此也不会对供电设施200造成冲击。当压裂设备组300正常运行并且需要对总排量进行调节时，一方面可通过变频器340直接调节辅助压裂设备330的排量，以达到对压裂设备组300的总排量进行调节的目的，另一方面也可将切换开关350切换到变频器340，通过变频器340调节主压裂设备310的排量，以达到对压裂设备组300的总排量进行调节的目的。
例如，如图6所示，该压裂设备组300包括一个主压裂设备310、一个辅助压裂设备330、一个变频器340和一个切换开关350；主压裂设备310与切换开关350相连，辅助压裂设备330与变频器340相连。需要说明的是，该压裂设备组中的主压裂设备和辅助压裂设备的数量包括但不限于上述的情况，可根据实际需要进行设置。
图7为本公开一实施例提供的另一种压裂设备组的示意图。如图7所示，该压裂设备组300同时包括与启动开关320相连的主压裂设备310和与切换开关350相连的主压裂设备310。由此，该压裂设备组可灵活地设置主压裂设备的连接方式，从而可追求排量和成本的效益最大化。
有以下几点需要说明：
(1)本公开实施例附图中，只涉及到与本公开实施例涉及到的结构，其他结构可参考通常设计。
(2)在不冲突的情况下，本公开同一实施例及不同实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
以上，仅为本公开的具体实施方式，但本公开的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本公开揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本公开的保护范围之内。因此，本公开的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种压裂设备，包括：
    压裂泵，配置为将低压流体加压为高压流体；
    电动机，包括第一绕组和第二绕组；以及
    启动装置，包括第一开关和第二开关，
    其中，所述第一绕组的阻抗大于所述第二绕组的阻抗，所述第一开关的一端与所述第一绕组相连，所述第一开关的另一端与供电设施相连，所述第二开关的一端与所述第二绕组相连，所述第二开关的另一端与供电设施相连。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的压裂设备，其中，所述第一绕组包括三相绕组，所述第二绕组包括三相绕组。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的压裂设备，其中，所述第一绕组的阻抗与所述第二绕组的阻抗的比值范围为2-5。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的压裂设备，其中，所述第一绕组的阻抗与所述第二绕组的阻抗的比值范围为3-4。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的压裂设备，其中，所述启动装置还包括：
    控制器，分别与所述第一开关和所述第二开关通信相连，并被配置为接收到所述电动机的启动信号后，在第一时刻闭合所述第一开关，在第二时刻闭合所述第二开关，所述第二时刻晚于所述第一时刻。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的压裂设备，其中，所述第二时刻和所述第一时刻的时间差的范围为5-20秒。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述压裂设备，其中，所述供电设施包括电网和发电机中的至少一个。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的压裂设备，还包括：
    传动机构，所述传动机构的一端与所述压裂泵相连，所述传动机构的另一端与所述电动机相连。
  9. 一种压裂设备组，包括至少一个主压裂设备，其中，所述主压裂设备为根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的压裂设备。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的压裂设备组，其中，所述压裂设备组包括多个所述主压裂设备和多个启动开关，多个所述启动开关和多个所述主压裂设备一 一对应设置，各所述启动开关的一端与对应的主压裂设备相连，另一端与所述供电设施相连。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的压裂设备组，还包括：
    辅助压裂设备，与所述至少一个主压裂设备并联设置；以及
    变频器，
    其中，所述变频器的一端与供电设施相连，所述变频器的另一端与所述辅助压裂设备相连。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的压裂设备组，还包括：
    切换开关，所述切换开关的一端与所述主压裂设备相连，所述切换开关的另一端被配置为与所述变频器或者所述供电设施相连。
  13. 一种压裂设备的启动方法，其中，所述压裂设备包括根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的压裂设备，所述驱动方法包括：
    在第一时刻闭合所述第一开关以将所述第一绕组与所述供电设施相连；以及
    在第二时刻闭合所述第二开关以将所述第二绕组与所述供电设施相连，所述第二时刻晚于所述第一时刻。
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