WO2023083300A1 - 一种热泵多效蒸发耦合式水处理系统及其工作方法 - Google Patents

一种热泵多效蒸发耦合式水处理系统及其工作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023083300A1
WO2023083300A1 PCT/CN2022/131371 CN2022131371W WO2023083300A1 WO 2023083300 A1 WO2023083300 A1 WO 2023083300A1 CN 2022131371 W CN2022131371 W CN 2022131371W WO 2023083300 A1 WO2023083300 A1 WO 2023083300A1
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Prior art keywords
evaporator
outlet
inlet
solution
heat
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PCT/CN2022/131371
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
沈九兵
姜乐乐
韦文斌
陈杨
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江苏科技大学
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Priority to US18/034,067 priority Critical patent/US11940187B2/en
Publication of WO2023083300A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023083300A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
    • F25B25/02—Compression-sorption machines, plants, or systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/0082—Regulation; Control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/26—Multiple-effect evaporating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/007—Energy recuperation; Heat pumps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0057—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes
    • B01D5/006—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes with evaporation or distillation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/043—Details
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/048—Purification of waste water by evaporation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/16—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using waste heat from other processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
    • F25B15/02—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
    • F25B15/06—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being water vapour evaporated from a salt solution, e.g. lithium bromide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F25B41/24—Arrangement of shut-off valves for disconnecting a part of the refrigerant cycle, e.g. an outdoor part
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/31—Expansion valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/31—Expansion valves
    • F25B41/325—Expansion valves having two or more valve members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/31—Expansion valves
    • F25B41/34—Expansion valves with the valve member being actuated by electric means, e.g. by piezoelectric actuators
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
    • C02F2201/005—Valves
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/10—Energy recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
    • F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2513—Expansion valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F25B41/22—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves between evaporator and compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
    • F25B5/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in parallel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of industrial water treatment and heat recovery, in particular to a water treatment system coupled with heat pump heat recovery and multi-effect evaporation and a working method thereof.
  • Evaporation technology is a unit operation with high energy consumption, which has always been a waste of energy in chemical production processes or wastewater treatment. For large energy users, the evaporation process is mainly used to recover high-concentration wastewater concentrates.
  • evaporation and concentration refers to the process of heating the solution to volatilize part of the water and increase the solute.
  • continuous supply of heat energy is required.
  • the heat source used in the industry is usually water vapor, and most of the materials evaporated and concentrated are aqueous solutions. During this operation, more secondary steam will be generated. If the secondary steam is discharged directly, not only the latent heat of the steam is wasted, but also part of the material It will also flow out of the evaporation system together with the secondary steam, which will cause certain pollution to the environment.
  • waste heat recycling and waste heat recovery are one of the important links in energy saving and emission reduction, and are also necessary measures for enterprises to reduce costs, protect the environment, and increase efficiency.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a heat pump multi-effect evaporation coupled water treatment system aiming at the problems and deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art.
  • a heat pump multi-effect evaporation coupled water treatment system including a multi-effect evaporation circulation system, a lithium bromide absorption heat pump circulation system and a compression heat pump circulation system, characterized in that the multi-effect evaporation circulation system includes: a first centrifugal pump 1 , preheater 2, first effect evaporator 3, first pressure reducing valve 4, second effect evaporator 5; the water to be treated is connected to the inlet of the first centrifugal pump 1 through the pipeline, and the outlet of the first centrifugal pump 1 is connected through the pipeline To the inlet a1 of the preheater 2, the outlet a2 of the preheater 2 is connected to the solution inlet b1 of the first effect evaporator 3 through a pipeline, and the solution outlet b2 of the first effect evaporator 3 is connected to the second effect through the first pressure reducing valve 4 The solution inlet c1 of the evaporator 5 is discharged from the concentrated solution outlet c2, and the steam outlet b5
  • the lithium bromide absorption heat pump circulation system includes: generator 6, condenser 7, second centrifugal pump 8, first evaporator 9, absorber 10, solution heat exchanger 11, third centrifugal pump 12, second decompression Valve 13; the steam inlet d1 of the generator 6 is connected to the steam outlet c5 of the two-effect evaporator 5 through a pipeline, the condensed water of the generator 6 is discharged from the outlet d2, and the upper steam outlet d6 of the generator 6 is connected to the condenser 7, the outlet e2 of the condenser 7 is connected to the water inlet f1 of the first evaporator 9 through the second centrifugal pump 8 through a pipeline, and the steam outlet f2 of the first evaporator 9 is connected to the water inlet f2 of the absorber 10
  • the top steam inlet g1; the concentrated solution outlet d7 at the bottom of the generator 6 is connected to the solution heat exchanger 11 inlet h3 through the third centrifugal pump 12, and the
  • the compression heat pump cycle system includes: a compressor 14, a fourth centrifugal pump 15, a second evaporator 16, a third evaporator 17, a first throttle valve 18, a second throttle valve 19, and an evaporation pressure regulating valve 20
  • the outlet of the compressor 14 is respectively connected to the refrigerant inlet d4 of the generator 6 and the refrigerant inlet f3 of the first evaporator 9; the refrigerant outlet d3 of the generator 6 and the refrigerant outlet f4 of the first evaporator 9
  • the pipelines are merged, they are respectively connected to the inlet of the first stop valve 23 and the inlet of the first throttle valve 18, and the outlet of the first throttle valve 18 is connected to the solution inlet i1 of the second evaporator 16, and the second evaporator
  • the solution outlet i2 of the device 16 is connected to the inlet of the evaporation pressure regulating valve 20; the outlet of the first shut-off valve 23 is connected to the inlet of the second throttle
  • the outlet i3 pipeline of the second evaporator 16 is provided with a first temperature controller 21, the control signal of the first temperature controller 21 is connected to the first throttle valve 18 through a wire, and the inlet of the compressor 14 is provided with The second temperature controller 22, the control signal of the second temperature controller 22 is connected to the second throttle valve 19 through wires.
  • outlet of the compressor 14 is also connected to the inlet of the third evaporator 17 through the second cut-off valve 24 .
  • the heat pump cycle working fluid in the compression heat pump cycle system is a working fluid capable of achieving a condensation temperature of 55°C to 75°C and an evaporation temperature of -5°C to 35°C.
  • the third evaporator 17 is an air source evaporator.
  • first throttle valve 18 and the second throttle valve 19 are externally balanced thermal expansion valves or electronic expansion valves, when the first throttle valve 18 and the second throttle valve 19 are externally balanced thermal expansion valves , the first temperature controller 21 and the second temperature controller 22 correspond to the temperature sensing bulb of the thermal expansion valve.
  • a working method of a heat pump multi-effect evaporation coupled water treatment system of the present invention the specific method steps are: when there is an aqueous solution to be treated, open the first pressure reducing valve 4, the second pressure reducing valve 13, and the first stop valve 23 , the aqueous solution to be treated enters the first centrifugal pump 1 to be pressurized, and then is preheated by the preheater 2, and then enters the first-effect evaporator 3 through the solution inlet b1, and the steam generated by heating the water to be treated in the first-effect evaporator 3
  • the top outlet b5 of the first-effect evaporator 3 flows into the second-effect evaporator 5 through the steam inlet c3, and the unevaporated water flows out from the outlet b2 of the first-effect evaporator 3, and continues to enter the second-effect after being depressurized by the first pressure-reducing valve 4
  • the evaporator 5 exchanges heat with the steam flowing in from the first-effect evaporator 3,
  • the outlet c4 of the effect evaporator 5 flows into the preheater 2 for heat exchange, and the secondary steam generated in the second effect evaporator 5 passes through the top outlet c5 into the evaporator inlet d1 of the generator 6 to be condensed, and the released heat is used for generation Lithium bromide dilute solution evaporation in device 6;
  • the dilute lithium bromide solution in the generator 6 simultaneously absorbs the secondary steam generated by the second-effect evaporator 5 and the heat of condensation of the refrigerant gas compressed by the compressor 14 flowing into the inlet d4, and the generated steam enters the condenser 7 to condense and condense
  • the water is boosted by the second centrifugal pump 8
  • it enters the first evaporator 9 to evaporate into water vapor and then enters the absorber 10.
  • the lithium bromide solution in the generator 6 is then pumped into the solution heat exchanger 11 by the third centrifugal pump 12 for absorption. After heating up, it is sprayed into the absorber 10 to absorb water vapor to obtain a high-temperature lithium bromide solution.
  • the lithium bromide solution in the absorber 10 enters the heat exchange tube of the first-effect evaporator 3 to generate heat and the treated water or solution outside the evaporation tube, and continues to enter the solution after cooling down.
  • the heat exchanger 11 exchanges heat with the lithium bromide solution, and after the temperature is lowered, it enters the generator 6 through the second decompression valve 13 and enters the next cycle;
  • the refrigerant gas compressed by the compressor 4 of the compressor heat pump cycle one way enters the generator 6 to heat and condense to provide the heat required for the regeneration of the dilute solution, and the other way enters the first evaporator 9 to provide the heat required for water evaporation and condensation After the refrigerant liquid merges, it is divided into two paths again.
  • One path is throttled and depressurized by the first throttle valve 18 and enters the second evaporator 16 to evaporate, and the other path passes through the first cut-off valve 23 and the second throttle valve 19.
  • the refrigerant gas flowing out of the second evaporator 16 is regulated by the evaporation pressure regulating valve 20, joins the refrigerant gas flowing out of the third evaporator 17, and enters the compressor 4 to be compressed next cycle;
  • the third evaporator 17 is an air source evaporator
  • the second shut-off valve 24 is opened, and part of the refrigerant gas generated by the compressor 14 enters the third evaporator 17 through the pipeline for heating. Bypass defrost.
  • the first throttle valve 18 is controlled by the temperature of the first temperature controller 21, and the opening degree of the first throttle valve 18 is adjusted in proportion to the water temperature at the outlet i3 of the second evaporator 16;
  • the second throttle valve 19 is controlled by the temperature of the second temperature controller 22 , and the opening degree of the second throttle valve 19 is adjusted in direct proportion to the inlet temperature of the compressor 14 .
  • the steam in the end evaporator of the multi-effect evaporation cycle passes into the generator in the absorption heat pump to release heat and condense, and the dilute solution in the absorber of the absorption heat pump passes into the one-effect evaporator to evaporate the treated water, and the lithium bromide absorption heat pump can output
  • the heat source above 100°C can provide heat for the multi-effect evaporation system.
  • the compressor heat pump with stable performance recovers the condensation heat of the absorption steam and uses the air source evaporator to absorb heat from the ambient air, and supplies heat energy to the generator through the heat pump condenser. , so that the evaporation treatment of sewage or wastewater can be realized without additional heat source.
  • multi-effect evaporation cycle lithium bromide absorption heat pump cycle and compression heat pump cycle can not only combine the advantages of vapor compression cycle and lithium bromide absorption heat pump cycle to obtain a larger temperature rise and higher thermal performance
  • the multi-effect evaporation cycle uses the pressure difference of the evaporator to recover the steam latent heat of its own system to realize multiple evaporation and condensation, and combines the lithium bromide absorption heat pump cycle to heat up and reuse the secondary steam generated by the final evaporator of the multi-effect evaporation cycle, which can be extremely efficient. Minimizes the energy consumption of the evaporation process and increases the energy efficiency of the system.
  • Fig. 1 is a flowchart system diagram of the present invention.
  • 1 is the first centrifugal pump
  • 2 is the preheater
  • 3 is the first effect evaporator
  • 4 is the first pressure reducing valve
  • 5 is the second effect evaporator
  • 6 is the generator
  • 7 is the condenser
  • 8 is the The second centrifugal pump
  • 9 is the first evaporator
  • 10 is the absorber
  • 11 is the solution heat exchanger
  • 12 is the third centrifugal pump
  • 13 is the second pressure reducing valve
  • 14 is the compressor
  • 15 is the fourth centrifugal pump
  • 16 is the second evaporator
  • 17 is the third evaporator
  • 18 is the first throttle valve
  • 19 is the second throttle valve
  • 20 is the evaporation pressure regulating valve
  • 21 is the first temperature controller
  • 22 is the second Temperature controller
  • 23 is the first shut-off valve
  • 24 is the second shut-off valve.
  • a heat pump multi-effect evaporation coupled water treatment system including a multi-effect evaporation circulation system, a lithium bromide absorption heat pump circulation system and a compression heat pump circulation system, characterized in that the multi-effect evaporation circulation includes: a first centrifugal pump 1, Preheater 2, first effect evaporator 3, first pressure reducing valve 4, second effect evaporator 5; the water to be treated is connected to the inlet of the first centrifugal pump 1 through the pipeline, and the outlet of the first centrifugal pump 1 is connected to the The inlet a1 of the preheater 2 and the outlet a2 of the preheater 2 are connected to the solution inlet b1 of the first-effect evaporator 3 through pipelines, and the solution outlet b2 of the first-effect evaporator 3 is connected to the second-effect evaporator through the first pressure reducing valve 4 The solution inlet c1 of the device 5 is discharged from the concentrated solution outlet c2, and the steam outlet b5 of the
  • the lithium bromide absorption heat pump circulation system includes: generator 6, condenser 7, second centrifugal pump 8, first evaporator 9, absorber 10, solution heat exchanger 11, third centrifugal pump 12, second decompression Valve 13; the steam inlet d1 of the generator 6 is connected to the steam outlet c5 of the two-effect evaporator 5 through a pipeline, the condensed water of the generator 6 is discharged from the outlet d2, and the upper steam outlet d6 of the generator 6 is connected to the condenser 7, the outlet e2 of the condenser 7 is connected to the water inlet f1 of the first evaporator 9 through the second centrifugal pump 8 through a pipeline, and the steam outlet f2 of the first evaporator 9 is connected to the water inlet f2 of the absorber 10
  • the top steam inlet g1; the concentrated solution outlet d7 at the bottom of the generator 6 is connected to the solution heat exchanger 11 inlet h3 through the third centrifugal pump 12, and the
  • the compression heat pump cycle system includes: a compressor 14, a fourth centrifugal pump 15, a second evaporator 16, a third evaporator 17, a first throttle valve 18, a second throttle valve 19, and an evaporation pressure regulating valve 20
  • the outlet of the compressor 14 is respectively connected to the refrigerant inlet d4 of the generator 6 and the refrigerant inlet f3 of the first evaporator 9; the refrigerant outlet d3 of the generator 6 and the refrigerant outlet f4 of the first evaporator 9
  • the pipelines are merged, they are respectively connected to the inlet of the first stop valve 23 and the inlet of the first throttle valve 18, and the outlet of the first throttle valve 18 is connected to the solution inlet i1 of the second evaporator 16, and the second evaporator
  • the solution outlet i2 of the device 16 is connected to the inlet of the evaporation pressure regulating valve 20; the outlet of the first shut-off valve 23 is connected to the inlet of the second throttle
  • the outlet i3 pipeline of the second evaporator 16 is provided with a first temperature controller 21, the control signal of the first temperature controller 21 is connected to the first throttle valve 18 through a wire, and the compressor 14 inlet is provided with a second The temperature controller 22, the control signal of the second temperature controller 22 is connected to the second throttle valve 19 through wires.
  • the outlet of the compressor 14 is also connected to the inlet of the third evaporator 17 through a second shut-off valve 24 .
  • the heat pump cycle working medium in the compression heat pump cycle system is a working medium capable of achieving a condensation temperature of 55°C to 75°C and an evaporation temperature of -5°C to 35°C.
  • the third evaporator 17 is an air source evaporator.
  • the first throttle valve 18 and the second throttle valve 19 are externally balanced thermal expansion valves or electronic expansion valves.
  • the first temperature controller 21 and the second temperature controller 22 may correspond to temperature sensing bulbs of a thermal expansion valve.
  • a working method of a heat pump multi-effect evaporation coupled water treatment system characterized in that, when there is an aqueous solution to be treated, the first pressure reducing valve 4, the second pressure reducing valve 13, and the first stop valve 23 are opened, and the aqueous solution to be treated Enter the first centrifugal pump 1 to pressurize, and then preheat through the preheater 2, then enter the first-effect evaporator 3 from the solution inlet b1, and the steam generated by heating the water to be treated in the first-effect evaporator 3 is evaporated by the first-effect
  • the outlet b5 at the top of the device 3 flows into the second-effect evaporator 5 through the steam inlet c3, and the unevaporated water flows out from the outlet b2 of the first-effect evaporator 3, and continues to enter the second-effect evaporator 5 after being depressurized by the first pressure reducing valve 4 Exchange heat with the steam flowing in from the first-effect evaporator 3, and the steam generated by evaporation
  • the dilute lithium bromide solution in the generator 6 simultaneously absorbs the secondary steam generated by the second-effect evaporator 5 and the heat of condensation of the refrigerant gas compressed by the compressor 14 flowing into the inlet d4, and the generated steam enters the condenser 7 to condense and condense
  • the water is boosted by the second centrifugal pump 8
  • it enters the first evaporator 9 to evaporate into water vapor and then enters the absorber 10.
  • the lithium bromide solution in the generator 6 is then pumped into the solution heat exchanger 11 by the third centrifugal pump 12 for absorption. After heating up, it is sprayed into the absorber 10 to absorb water vapor to obtain a high-temperature lithium bromide solution.
  • the lithium bromide solution in the absorber 10 enters the heat exchange tube of the first-effect evaporator 3 to generate heat and the treated water or solution outside the evaporation tube, and continues to enter the solution after cooling down.
  • the heat exchanger 11 exchanges heat with the lithium bromide solution, and after the temperature is lowered, it enters the generator 6 through the second decompression valve 13 and enters the next cycle;
  • the refrigerant gas compressed by the compressor 14 of the compressor heat pump cycle one way enters the generator 6 to heat and condense to provide the heat required for the regeneration of the dilute solution, and the other way enters the first evaporator 9 to provide the heat required for water evaporation and condenses After the refrigerant liquid merges, it is divided into two paths again. One path is throttled and depressurized by the first throttle valve 18 and enters the second evaporator 16 to evaporate, and the other path passes through the first cut-off valve 23 and the second throttle valve 19.
  • the refrigerant gas flowing out of the second evaporator 16 is regulated by the evaporation pressure regulating valve 20, joins the refrigerant gas flowing out of the third evaporator 17, and enters the compressor 4 to be compressed next cycle;
  • the third evaporator 17 is an air source evaporator
  • the second shut-off valve 24 is opened, and part of the refrigerant gas generated by the compressor 14 enters the third evaporator 17 through the pipeline for heating. Bypass defrost.
  • the first throttle valve 18 is controlled by the temperature of the first temperature controller 21, the opening degree of the first throttle valve 18 is proportional to the water temperature at the outlet i3 of the second evaporator 16, and the control of the water temperature
  • the main purpose is to ensure the working requirements of the condenser 7, so that the steam in the condenser 7 is completely liquefied.
  • the temperature of the water at the outlet i3 of the second evaporator 16 is too high, it means that the cooling capacity of the second evaporator 16 is insufficient.
  • the second throttle valve 19 is controlled by the temperature of the second temperature controller 22, and the opening degree of the second throttle valve 19 is adjusted in direct proportion to the inlet temperature of the compressor 14, which is the compressor suction temperature, for To stabilize the operating conditions of the compressor, since the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant at the outlet of the second evaporator 16 are mainly controlled and regulated by the first temperature controller 21, the suction temperature of the compressor 14 is mainly adjusted by the third evaporator 17 , when the suction temperature of the compressor 14 is too high, the valve opening of the second throttle valve 19 can be increased to increase the flow rate of the refrigerant.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种热泵多效蒸发耦合式水处理系统，包括溴化锂吸收式热泵循环系统、多效蒸发循环系统以及压缩式热泵循环系统。多效蒸发循环系统的末端蒸发器内蒸汽通入吸收式热泵内的发生器内放热冷凝，吸收式热泵吸收器内稀溶液通入一效蒸发器内被处理水蒸发，通过压缩机热泵的蒸发器回收吸收式热泵发生器产生蒸汽的冷凝热，并由另一空气源蒸发器从环境空气吸收热量，通过热泵冷凝器为发生器供给热能。本发明利用吸收式热泵可输出100℃以上热源的特点为多效蒸发系统提供热量，而利用性能稳定的压缩机热泵回收吸收式蒸汽冷凝热，且利用空气源原理，提供发生器溶液再生所需的热量，进而不需要额外热源就能实现污水或废水的蒸发处理。

Description

一种热泵多效蒸发耦合式水处理系统及其工作方法 技术领域
本发明涉及工业水处理及热回收领域，尤其涉及热泵热回收与多效蒸发相耦合的水处理系统及其工作方法。
背景技术
在化工、石油、制药等行业，大多会利用蒸发技术蒸发、浓缩、结晶、干燥、灭菌，而蒸发技术则是一道能耗较高的单元操作，一直是化工生产工艺或废水处理方面的耗能大户，蒸发工艺主要用于回收高浓度的废水浓缩液简单的来说，蒸发浓缩就是使指加热溶液使部分水分挥发，溶质增大的过程，在蒸发浓缩的过程中需要不断的供给热能，在工业中采用的热源通常为水蒸汽，而蒸发浓缩的物料大部分是水溶液，此操作过程中会产生较多的二次蒸汽，若直接将二次蒸汽排放不仅浪费了蒸汽的潜热而且部分物料也会随着二次蒸汽一同流出蒸发系统，会对环境造成一定的污染。
传统工业在能源的消耗和蒸发系统余热的浪费还是比较严重的，传统单效蒸馏的浓缩方法，二次蒸汽得不到再利用，其中大多仅循环利用和回收了约30％的废热和余热。因此废热的循环利用和余热回收是节能减排的重要环节之一，也是为企业降本、环保、增效的必要措施。
机械蒸汽再压缩是目前最为常用的低温二次蒸汽余热回收方法，然而，当废水温度过低时，二次蒸汽压力和温度低，蒸汽比容大，压缩机流量和压比大，而当下大流量大压比的蒸汽压缩机技术尚不成熟，压缩机故障率高，系统稳定性差，所以亟需一种能替代机械蒸汽压缩机，用于回收多效蒸发系统二次蒸汽热量实现废水的热回收与浓缩处理，最好还能取消多效蒸发系统对热源蒸汽的依赖。
发明内容
本发明目的是针对上述现有技术存在的问题和不足，提出一种热泵多效蒸发耦合式水处理系统。
为实现本发明的目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种热泵多效蒸发耦合式水处理系统，包括多效蒸发循环系统、溴化锂吸收式热泵循环系统以及压缩式热泵循环系统，其特征在于，所述多效蒸发循环系统包括：第一离心泵1、预热器2、一效蒸发器3、第一减压阀4、二效蒸发器5；待处理水通过管路连通到第一离心泵1入口，第一离心泵1出口通过管路连接到预热器2入口a1，预热器2出口a2通过管路连接到一效蒸发器3的溶液入口b1，所述一效蒸发器3溶液出口b2通过第一减压阀4接至二效蒸发器5溶液入口c1，并由浓溶液出口c2排出，一效蒸发器3蒸汽出口b5通过管路接至二效蒸发器5的蒸汽入口c3；二效蒸发器5的凝结水出口c2通过管路接至预热器2的冷凝水入口a3，并由出口a4排出；
所述溴化锂吸收式热泵循环系统包括：发生器6、冷凝器7、第二离心泵8、第一蒸发器9、吸收器10、溶液热交换器11、第三离心泵12、第二减压阀13；所述发生器6的蒸汽入口d1通过管路连接二效蒸发器5的蒸汽出口c5,发生器6的冷凝水由出口d2排出，所述发生器6的上部蒸汽出口d6连接冷凝器7的蒸汽入口e1，所述冷凝器7的出口e2通过管路经第二离心泵8连接至第一蒸发器9的水入口f1，第一蒸发器9的蒸汽出口f2连接至吸收器10的顶部蒸汽入口g1；发生器6底部浓溶液出口d7经第三离心泵12接至溶液热交换器11入口h3，所述溶液热交换器11出口h4接至吸收器10的溶液入口g2；所述溶液热交换器11的溶液入口h1通过管道接至一效蒸发器3的溶液出口b4，所述溶液热交换器11的溶液出口h2经第二减压阀13连接至发生器6的溶液入口d5；所述吸收器10的稀溶液出口g3连接一效蒸发器3的入口b3；
所述压缩式热泵循环系统包括：压缩机14、第四离心泵15、第二蒸发器16、第三蒸发器17、第一节流阀18、第二节流阀19、蒸发压力调节阀20；所述压缩机14的出口分别连接至发生器6的制冷剂入口d4、第一蒸发器9的制冷剂入口f3；发生器6的制冷剂出口d3和第一蒸发器9的制冷剂出口f4通过管路汇合后，分别连接至第一截止阀23的入口和第一节流阀18的入口,所述第一节流阀18出口连接至第二蒸发器16的溶液入口i1，第二蒸发器16的溶液出口i2连接至蒸发压力调节阀20入口；所述第一截止阀23出口通过管道连接至第二节流阀19的入口，第二节流阀19的出口连接至第三蒸发器17入口，第三蒸发器17的出口和蒸发压力调节阀20的出口通过管道共同连接至压缩机14；第四离心泵15出口连接冷凝器7的出口e3,冷凝器7出口e4连接第二蒸发器16的入口i4，第二蒸发器16出口i3接至第四离心泵15的入口。
进一步，所述第二蒸发器16的出口i3管路上设置有第一温度控制器21，所述第一温度 控制器21的控制信号通过导线连接第一节流阀18，压缩机14入口处设置第二温度控制器22，第二温度控制器22的控制信号通过导线连接至第二节流阀19。
进一步，所述压缩机14的出口还通过第二截止阀24连接至第三蒸发器17的入口。
进一步，所述压缩式热泵循环系统中的热泵循环工质为能实现冷凝温度为55℃～75℃、蒸发温度为-5℃～35℃的工质。
进一步，所述第三蒸发器17为空气源蒸发器。
进一步，所述第一节流阀18和第二节流阀19为外平衡式热力膨胀阀或电子膨胀阀，当第一节流阀18和第二节流阀19为外平衡式热力膨胀阀时，所述第一温度控制器21和第二温度控制器22对应为热力膨胀阀的感温包。
本发明的一种热泵多效蒸发耦合式水处理系统的工作方法，具体方法步骤是，当存在待处理水溶液时，打开第一减压阀4、第二减压阀13、第一截止阀23，待处理水溶液进入第一离心泵1内加压，再通过预热器2预热后由溶液入口b1进入一效蒸发器3内，一效蒸发器3内的待处理水被加热产生的蒸汽由一效蒸发器3顶部出口b5经蒸汽入口c3流入二效蒸发器5内，未蒸发的水由一效蒸发器3的出口b2流出，经第一减压阀4降压后继续进入二效蒸发器5内与由一效蒸发器3流入的蒸汽进行换热，蒸发产生的蒸汽同时自身被浓缩为浓溶液，由二效蒸发器5出口c2流出，蒸汽放热冷凝得到的冷凝水由二效蒸发器5出口c4流入预热器2内换热，二效蒸发器5内产生的二次蒸汽由顶部出口c5通入发生器6的蒸发器入口d1内被冷凝，释放的热量用于发生器6内的溴化锂稀溶液蒸发；
发生器6内的稀溴化锂溶液同时吸收来自二效蒸发器5产生的二次蒸汽以及由入口d4流入的压缩机14压缩的制冷剂气体的冷凝热，产生的蒸汽进入冷凝器7内冷凝，冷凝水被第二离心泵8升压后进入第一蒸发器9蒸发为水蒸汽后再进入吸收器10内，发生器6内的溴化锂溶液则被第三离心泵12泵入溶液热交换器11吸热升温后喷入吸收器10内吸收水蒸汽得到高温溴化锂溶液，吸收器10内的溴化锂溶液进入一效蒸发器3的换热管内发热蒸发管外被处理的水或溶液，降温后继续进入溶液热交换器11与溴化锂溶液进行热交换，温度降低后经第二减压阀13进入发生器6内进入下一步循环；
压缩机热泵循环的压缩机4压缩后的制冷剂气体，一路进入发生器6内发热冷凝，提供稀溶液再生需要的热量，另一路则进入第一蒸发器9内提供水蒸发需要的热量，冷凝后的制冷剂液体汇合后再次分两路，一路经第一节流阀18节流降压后进入第二蒸发器16内蒸发，另一路则经第一截止阀23和第二节流阀19进入第三蒸发器17内蒸发，第二蒸发器16流出的制冷剂气体经蒸发压力调节阀20调压后与第三蒸发器17流出的制冷剂气体汇合后共同进 入压缩机4被压缩后进入下一个循环；
冬季因第三蒸发器17为空气源蒸发器，当表面结霜需要除霜时，打开第二截止阀24，压缩机14产生的制冷剂气体一部分由管路进入第三蒸发器17内进行热气旁通除霜。
进一步，第一节流阀18受第一温度控制器21的温度控制，第一节流阀18的开度与第二蒸发器16的出口i3处的水温度成正比例调节；
进一步，第二节流阀19受第二温度控制器22的温度控制，第二节流阀19的开度与压缩机14的入口温度成正比例调节。
与现有技术相比，本发明的技术方案具有以下有益技术效果：
多效蒸发循环的末端蒸发器内蒸汽通入吸收式热泵内的发生器内放热冷凝，吸收式热泵吸收器内稀溶液通入一效蒸发器内被处理水蒸发，溴化锂吸收式热泵可以输出100℃以上的热源，能够为多效蒸发系统提供热量，性能稳定的压缩机热泵通过回收吸收式蒸汽的冷凝热以及利用空气源蒸发器从环境空气吸收热量，通过热泵冷凝器为发生器供给热能，进而不需要额外热源就能够实现污水或者废水的蒸发处理。多效蒸发循环、溴化锂吸收式热泵循环和压缩式热泵循环的共同使用，不仅能够结合蒸汽压缩式循环与溴化锂吸收式热泵循环各自的优点使其得到较大的温升和较高的热力性能，而且多效蒸发循环利用蒸发器压差回收自身系统的蒸汽潜热实现多次蒸发和冷凝，结合溴化锂吸收式热泵循环对多效蒸发循环末级蒸发器产生的二次蒸气进行升温再利用，能极大限度地降低蒸发过程的能耗，提高系统的能源效率。
附图说明
图1为本发明流程系统图。
图中：1是第一离心泵、2是预热器、3是一效蒸发器、4是第一减压阀、5是二效蒸发器、6是发生器、7是冷凝器、8是第二离心泵、9是第一蒸发器、10是吸收器、11是溶液热交换器、12是第三离心泵、13是第二减压阀、14是压缩机、15是第四离心泵、16是第二蒸发器、17是第三蒸发器、18是第一节流阀、19是第二节流阀、20是蒸发压力调节阀、21是第一温度控制器、22是第二温度控制器、23是第一截止阀、24是第二截止阀。
具体实施方案
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更为明显易懂，下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明。
一种热泵多效蒸发耦合式水处理系统，包括多效蒸发循环系统、溴化锂吸收式热泵循环 系统以及压缩式热泵循环系统，其特征在于，所述多效蒸发循环包括：第一离心泵1、预热器2、一效蒸发器3、第一减压阀4、二效蒸发器5；待处理水通过管路连通到第一离心泵1入口，第一离心泵1出口通过管路连接到预热器2入口a1，预热器2出口a2通过管路连接到一效蒸发器3的溶液入口b1，所述一效蒸发器3溶液出口b2通过第一减压阀4接至二效蒸发器5溶液入口c1，并由浓溶液出口c2排出，一效蒸发器3蒸汽出口b5通过管路接至二效蒸发器5的蒸汽入口c3；二效蒸发器5的凝结水出口c4通过管路接至预热器2的冷凝水入口a3，并由出口a4排出；
所述溴化锂吸收式热泵循环系统包括：发生器6、冷凝器7、第二离心泵8、第一蒸发器9、吸收器10、溶液热交换器11、第三离心泵12、第二减压阀13；所述发生器6的蒸汽入口d1通过管路连接二效蒸发器5的蒸汽出口c5,发生器6的冷凝水由出口d2排出，所述发生器6的上部蒸汽出口d6连接冷凝器7的蒸汽入口e1，所述冷凝器7的出口e2通过管路经第二离心泵8连接至第一蒸发器9的水入口f1，第一蒸发器9的蒸汽出口f2连接至吸收器10的顶部蒸汽入口g1；发生器6底部浓溶液出口d7经第三离心泵12接至溶液热交换器11入口h3，所述溶液热交换器11出口h4接至吸收器10的溶液入口g2；所述溶液热交换器11的溶液入口h1通过管道接至一效蒸发器3的溶液出口b4，所述溶液热交换器11的溶液出口h2经第二减压阀13连接至发生器6的溶液入口d5；所述吸收器10的稀溶液出口g3连接一效蒸发器3的入口b3；
所述压缩式热泵循环系统包括：压缩机14、第四离心泵15、第二蒸发器16、第三蒸发器17、第一节流阀18、第二节流阀19、蒸发压力调节阀20；所述压缩机14的出口分别连接至发生器6的制冷剂入口d4、第一蒸发器9的制冷剂入口f3；发生器6的制冷剂出口d3和第一蒸发器9的制冷剂出口f4通过管路汇合后，分别连接至第一截止阀23的入口和第一节流阀18的入口,所述第一节流阀18出口连接至第二蒸发器16的溶液入口i1，第二蒸发器16的溶液出口i2连接至蒸发压力调节阀20入口；所述第一截止阀23出口通过管道连接至第二节流阀19的入口，第二节流阀19的出口连接至第三蒸发器17入口，第三蒸发器17的出口和蒸发压力调节阀20的出口通过管道共同连接至压缩机14；第四离心泵15出口连接冷凝器7的出口e3,冷凝器7出口e4连接第二蒸发器16的入口i4，第二蒸发器16出口i3接至第四离心泵15的入口。
所述第二蒸发器16的出口i3管路上设置有第一温度控制器21，所述第一温度控制器21的控制信号通过导线连接第一节流阀18，压缩机14入口处设置第二温度控制器22，第二温度控制器22的控制信号通过导线连接至第二节流阀19。
所述压缩机14的出口还通过第二截止阀24连接至第三蒸发器17的入口。
所述压缩式热泵循环系统中的热泵循环工质为能实现冷凝温度为55℃～75℃、蒸发温度为-5℃～35℃的工质。
所述第三蒸发器17为空气源蒸发器。
所述第一节流阀18和第二节流阀19为外平衡式热力膨胀阀或电子膨胀阀，当第一节流阀18和第二节流阀19为外平衡式热力膨胀阀时，所述第一温度控制器21和第二温度控制器22可对应为热力膨胀阀的感温包。
一种热泵多效蒸发耦合式水处理系统的工作方法，其特征在于，当存在待处理水溶液时，打开第一减压阀4、第二减压阀13、第一截止阀23，待处理水溶液进入第一离心泵1内加压，再通过预热器2预热后由溶液入口b1进入一效蒸发器3内，一效蒸发器3内的待处理水被加热产生的蒸汽由一效蒸发器3顶部出口b5经蒸汽入口c3流入二效蒸发器5内，未蒸发的水由一效蒸发器3的出口b2流出，经第一减压阀4降压后继续进入二效蒸发器5内与由一效蒸发器3流入的蒸汽进行换热，蒸发产生的蒸汽同时自身被浓缩为浓溶液，由二效蒸发器5出口c2流出，蒸汽放热冷凝得到的冷凝水由二效蒸发器5出口c4流入预热器2内换热，二效蒸发器5内产生的二次蒸汽由顶部出口c5通入发生器6的蒸发器入口d1内被冷凝，释放的热量用于发生器6内的溴化锂稀溶液蒸发；
发生器6内的稀溴化锂溶液同时吸收来自二效蒸发器5产生的二次蒸汽以及由入口d4流入的压缩机14压缩的制冷剂气体的冷凝热，产生的蒸汽进入冷凝器7内冷凝，冷凝水被第二离心泵8升压后进入第一蒸发器9蒸发为水蒸汽后再进入吸收器10内，发生器6内的溴化锂溶液则被第三离心泵12泵入溶液热交换器11吸热升温后喷入吸收器10内吸收水蒸汽得到高温溴化锂溶液，吸收器10内的溴化锂溶液进入一效蒸发器3的换热管内发热蒸发管外被处理的水或溶液，降温后继续进入溶液热交换器11与溴化锂溶液进行热交换，温度降低后经第二减压阀13进入发生器6内进入下一步循环；
压缩机热泵循环的压缩机14压缩后的制冷剂气体，一路进入发生器6内发热冷凝，提供稀溶液再生需要的热量，另一路则进入第一蒸发器9内提供水蒸发需要的热量，冷凝后的制冷剂液体汇合后再次分两路，一路经第一节流阀18节流降压后进入第二蒸发器16内蒸发，另一路则经第一截止阀23和第二节流阀19进入第三蒸发器17内蒸发，第二蒸发器16流出的制冷剂气体经蒸发压力调节阀20调压后与第三蒸发器17流出的制冷剂气体汇合后共同进入压缩机4被压缩后进入下一个循环；
冬季因第三蒸发器17为空气源蒸发器，当表面结霜需要除霜时，打开第二截止阀24， 压缩机14产生的制冷剂气体一部分由管路进入第三蒸发器17内进行热气旁通除霜。
所述第一节流阀18受第一温度控制器21的温度控制，第一节流阀18的开度与第二蒸发器16的出口i3处的水温度成正比例调节关系，该水温的控制主要是为了保障冷凝器7的工作要求，使冷凝器7内蒸汽完全液化，当第二蒸发器16的出口i3处的水温度过高时，说明第二蒸发器16的制冷量不足，此时增大第一节流阀18的阀门开度，增加制冷剂的流量；
所述第二节流阀19受第二温度控制器22的温度控制，第二节流阀19的开度与压缩机14的入口温度成正比例调节，该温度为压缩机吸气温度，是为了稳定压缩机的运行工况，由于第二蒸发器16出口制冷剂的温度和压力主要受第一温度控制器21的控制调节，所以压缩机14的吸气温度主要通过第三蒸发器17来调节，当压缩机14的吸气温度过高时，可增大第二节流阀19的阀门开度，增加制冷剂的流量。
虽然本发明披露如上，但本发明并非限定于此。任何本领域技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，均可作各种变更与修改，因此本发明的保护范围应当以权利要求所限定的范围为准。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种热泵多效蒸发耦合式水处理系统，包括多效蒸发循环系统、溴化锂吸收式热泵循环系统以及压缩式热泵循环系统，其特征在于，所述多效蒸发循环系统包括：第一离心泵(1)、预热器(2)、一效蒸发器(3)、第一减压阀(4)、二效蒸发器(5)；待处理水通过管路连通到第一离心泵(1)入口，第一离心泵(1)出口通过管路连接到预热器(2)入口(a1)，预热器(2)出口(a2)通过管路连接到一效蒸发器(3)的溶液入口(b1)，所述一效蒸发器(3)溶液出口(b2)通过第一减压阀(4)接至二效蒸发器(5)溶液入口(c1)，并由浓溶液出口(c2)排出，一效蒸发器(3)蒸汽出口(b5)通过管路接至二效蒸发器(5)的蒸汽入口(c3)；二效蒸发器(5)的凝结水出口(c4)通过管路接至预热器(2)的冷凝水入口(a3)，并由出口(a4)排出；
    所述溴化锂吸收式热泵循环系统包括：发生器(6)、冷凝器(7)、第二离心泵(8)、第一蒸发器(9)、吸收器(10)、溶液热交换器(11)、第三离心泵(12)、第二减压阀(13)；所述发生器(6)的蒸汽入口(d1)通过管路连接二效蒸发器(5)的蒸汽出口(c5)，发生器(6)的冷凝水由出口(d2)排出，所述发生器(6)的上部蒸汽出口(d6)连接冷凝器(7)的蒸汽入口(e1)，所述冷凝器(7)的出口(e2)通过管路经第二离心泵(8)连接至第一蒸发器(9)的水入口(f1)，第一蒸发器(9)的蒸汽出口(f2)连接至吸收器(10)的顶部蒸汽入口(g1)；发生器(6)底部浓溶液出口(d7)经第三离心泵(12)接至溶液热交换器(11)入口(h3)，所述溶液热交换器(11)出口(h4)接至吸收器(10)的溶液入口(g2)；所述溶液热交换器(11)的溶液入口(h1)通过管道接至一效蒸发器(3)的溶液出口(b4)，所述溶液热交换器(11)的溶液出口(h2)经第二减压阀(13)连接至发生器(6)的溶液入口(d5)；所述吸收器(10)的稀溶液出口(g3)连接一效蒸发器(3)的入口(b3)；
    所述压缩式热泵循环系统包括：压缩机(14)、第四离心泵(15)、第二蒸发器(16)、第三蒸发器(17)、第一节流阀(18)、第二节流阀(19)、蒸发压力调节阀(20)；所述压缩机(14)的出口分别连接至发生器(6)的制冷剂入口(d4)、第一蒸发器(9)的制冷剂入口(f3)；发生器(6)的制冷剂出口(d3)和第一蒸发器(9)的制冷剂出口(f4)通过管路汇合后，分别连接至第一截止阀(23)的入口和第一节流阀(18)的入口，所述第一节流阀(18)出口连接至第二蒸发器(16)的溶液入口(i1)，第二蒸发器(16)的溶液出口(i2)连接至蒸发压力调节阀(20)入口；所述第一截止阀(23)出口通过管道连接至第二节流阀(19)的入口，第二节流阀(19)的出口连接至第三蒸发器(17)入口，第三蒸发器(17)的出口和蒸发压力调节阀(20)的出口通过管道共同连接至压缩机(14)；第四离心泵(15)出口连接冷 凝器(7)的出口(e3)，冷凝器(7)出口(e4)连接第二蒸发器(16)的入口(i4)，第二蒸发器(16)出口(i3)接至第四离心泵(15)的入口。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述一种热泵多效蒸发耦合式水处理系统，其特征在于，所述第二蒸发器(16)的出口(i3)管路上设置有第一温度控制器(21)，所述第一温度控制器(21)的控制信号通过导线连接第一节流阀(18)，压缩机(14)入口处设置第二温度控制器(22)，第二温度控制器(22)的控制信号通过导线连接至第二节流阀(19)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述一种热泵多效蒸发耦合式水处理系统，其特征在于，所述压缩机(14)的出口还通过第二截止阀(24)连接至第三蒸发器(17)的入口。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述一种热泵多效蒸发耦合式水处理系统，其特征在于，所述压缩式热泵循环系统中的热泵循环工质为能实现冷凝温度为55℃～75℃、蒸发温度为-5℃～35℃的工质。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述一种热泵多效蒸发耦合式水处理系统，其特征在于，所述第三蒸发器(17)为空气源蒸发器。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述一种热泵多效蒸发耦合式水处理系统，其特征在于，所述第一节流阀(18)和第二节流阀(19)为外平衡式热力膨胀阀或电子膨胀阀，当第一节流阀(18)和第二节流阀(19)为外平衡式热力膨胀阀时，所述第一温度控制器(21)和第二温度控制器(22)对应为热力膨胀阀的感温包。
  7. 一种根据权利要求2-6项任一所述一种热泵多效蒸发耦合式水处理系统的工作方法，其特征在于，当存在待处理水溶液时，打开第一减压阀(4)、第二减压阀(13)、第一截止阀(23)，待处理水溶液进入第一离心泵(1)内加压，再通过预热器(2)预热后由溶液入口(b1)进入一效蒸发器(3)内，一效蒸发器(3)内的待处理水被加热产生的蒸汽由一效蒸发器(3)顶部出口(b5)经蒸汽入口(c3)流入二效蒸发器(5)内，未蒸发的水由一效蒸发器(3)的出口(b2)流出，经第一减压阀(4)降压后继续进入二效蒸发器(5)内与由一效蒸发器(3)流入的蒸汽进行换热，蒸发产生的蒸汽同时自身被浓缩为浓溶液，由二效蒸发器(5)出口(c2)流出，蒸汽放热冷凝得到的冷凝水由二效蒸发器(5)出口(c4)流入预热器(2)内换热，二效蒸发器(5)内产生的二次蒸汽由顶部出口(c5)通入发生器(6)的蒸发器入口(d1)内被冷凝，释放的热量用于发生器(6)内的溴化锂稀溶液蒸发；
    发生器(6)内的稀溴化锂溶液同时吸收来自二效蒸发器(5)产生的二次蒸汽以及由入口d4流入的压缩机(14)压缩的制冷剂气体的冷凝热，产生的蒸汽进入冷凝器(7)内冷凝，冷凝水被第二离心泵(8)升压后进入第一蒸发器(9)蒸发为水蒸汽后再进入吸收器(10) 内，发生器(6)内的溴化锂溶液则被第三离心泵(12)泵入溶液热交换器(11)吸热升温后喷入吸收器(10)内吸收水蒸汽得到高温溴化锂溶液，吸收器(10)内的溴化锂溶液进入一效蒸发器(3)的换热管内发热蒸发管外被处理的水或溶液，降温后继续进入溶液热交换器(11)与溴化锂溶液进行热交换，温度降低后经第二减压阀(13)进入发生器(6)内进入下一步循环；
    压缩机热泵循环中的压缩机(14)压缩后的制冷剂气体，一路进入发生器(6)内发热冷凝，提供稀溶液再生需要的热量，另一路则进入第一蒸发器(9)内提供水蒸发需要的热量，冷凝后的制冷剂液体汇合后再次分两路，一路经第一节流阀(18)节流降压后进入第二蒸发器(16)内蒸发，另一路则经第一截止阀(23)和第二节流阀(19)进入第三蒸发器(17)2蒸发，第二蒸发器(16)流出的制冷剂气体经蒸发压力调节阀(20)调压后与第三蒸发器(17)流出的制冷剂气体汇合后共同进入压缩机(4)被压缩后进入下一个循环；
    冬季因第三蒸发器(17)为空气源蒸发器，当表面结霜需要除霜时，打开第二截止阀(24)，压缩机(14)产生的制冷剂气体一部分由管路进入第三蒸发器(17)内进行热气旁通除霜。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述一种热泵多效蒸发耦合式水处理系统的工作方法，其特征在于，所述第一节流阀(18)受第一温度控制器(21)的温度控制，第一节流阀(18)的开度与第二蒸发器(16)的出口(i3)处的水温度成正比例调节。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述一种热泵多效蒸发耦合式水处理系统的工作方法，其特征在于，第二节流阀(19)受第二温度控制器(22)的温度控制，第二节流阀(19)的开度与压缩机(14)的入口温度成正比例调节。
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