WO2023083284A1 - 一种榛子半无菌苗的快速培育方法 - Google Patents

一种榛子半无菌苗的快速培育方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2023083284A1
WO2023083284A1 PCT/CN2022/131281 CN2022131281W WO2023083284A1 WO 2023083284 A1 WO2023083284 A1 WO 2023083284A1 CN 2022131281 W CN2022131281 W CN 2022131281W WO 2023083284 A1 WO2023083284 A1 WO 2023083284A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
seeds
hazelnut
semi
treated
seedlings
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/131281
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王晶
杨彝华
王万坤
曾维军
郑旋
康超
向准
李鹏
杨玲
邓春英
刘忠玄
黄静
和耀威
Original Assignee
贵州省生物研究所
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 贵州省生物研究所 filed Critical 贵州省生物研究所
Publication of WO2023083284A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023083284A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/08—Immunising seed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a rapid cultivation method for hazelnut semi-sterile seedlings.
  • Hazel is a perennial deciduous shrub nut tree species. As a kind of economic forest dried fruit, it can be said to be full of treasures.
  • Hazelnut seeds contain 51.4%-66.4% fat, 17.32%-25.92% protein, 4.9%-9.8% carbohydrates, 8 kinds of essential amino acids, vitamins C, E, B and various minerals, especially It is rich in selenium and paclitaxel, and has unique effects on lowering blood pressure, protecting eyesight, and fighting cancer. Therefore, it is called "the king of nuts” and is deeply loved by the people.
  • Hazelnuts can be used to extract oil.
  • Hazel oil is a dry oil rich in unsaturated fatty acids and is a high-quality edible oil.
  • the hazelnut husk is also a good raw material for making activated carbon.
  • the hazel bark and fruit buds contain 8.5%-14.5% tannin, which can be used to extract gum.
  • Conservation forest is also the dominant tree species for the development of economic forest.
  • hazel trees There are about 20 species of hazel trees in the world. The wild ones are mainly distributed in the temperate regions of Asia, Europe and North America. The hazelnuts are mainly produced in Turkey, Italy, Spain, the United States, Portugal and other countries.
  • hazel trees There are 9 species of wild hazel trees in my country, namely C.heterophylla Fisch.exTrautv.var.sutchenensis Franch., C.wangiiHu., C.feroxWall., C.yunnanensis(Franchet)A.Camus.
  • Guizhou belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate, with great differences in terrain elevation, large differences in weather and climate characteristics in the vertical direction, and obvious three-dimensional climate. Coupled with the influence of atmospheric circulation, Guizhou's climate is diverse. It is known as "one mountain is divided into four seasons, ten miles are different The average annual temperature in Guizhou is 12°C-19°C, but the highest temperature in Tongren in eastern Guizhou once reached 42.5°C, and the lowest temperature in Weining in western Guizhou once reached -15.3°C. However, there are 5 species of wild hazel trees in Guizhou, which are thorny hazel, Yunnan hazel, Sichuan hazel, Chinese hazel, and lanceolate hazel, accounting for 56% of the wild species in the country.
  • Guizhou is a suitable area for hazel trees. From the perspective of compound forest management, combining afforestation with understory economy, selecting hazel trees, and cultivating truffle mycorrhizal seedlings can not only meet the needs of afforestation in rocky desertification areas, but also harvest truffles in the later stage to obtain long-term understory Lay the groundwork for a path to financial gain. Therefore, the protection, utilization and development of hazel forests are of great significance to the development of mountain economy, adjustment of rural industrial structure, and improvement of people's living standards. The development potential of hazel trees in Guizhou is huge.
  • the present invention provides a rapid cultivation method of hazelnut semi-sterile seedlings, comprising:
  • the surface is sterilized with a disinfectant to obtain sterilized seeds.
  • the first soaking liquid in step S2 is water at 0-30°C.
  • the first soaking solution contains citric acid in an amount of 0.07-0.09% by mass of water.
  • the second soaking liquid in step S3 is water at 30-65°C.
  • the second soaking liquid is water at 60 ⁇ 0.5°C.
  • step S4 the method for cleaning the second treated seeds in step S4 is: rinse twice with ultrapure water.
  • step S4 the surface disinfection method described in step S4 is: soaking in 75% alcohol for 30 minutes for surface disinfection.
  • step S5 the method of slightly breaking the sterilized seeds described in step S5 is: using mechanical cutting to slightly break the seeds.
  • step S5 wipe the slightly broken seeds with 75% alcohol cotton gauze.
  • step S6 includes: planting substrate compatibility, sowing management, water and soil management, and pest control management.
  • the planting matrix compatibility includes:
  • perlite 3: 1 mix, mix with ultra-pure water until there is water overflowing from the crevices of hands but not dripping, and the water content is 55%-65%.
  • the planting substrate is obtained after adjusting the pH to 7.0-7.5 with quicklime water.
  • the sowing management includes:
  • the moisture and soil management includes:
  • the pest control management includes:
  • the infected seedlings should be removed as soon as possible to prevent transmission. If it is powdery mildew, spray 800-1000 times 50% wettable thiophanate or carbendazim when the seedlings grow to 4 leaves.
  • the present invention significantly reduces the emergence time of hazel seeds, which is reduced to about 25 days from about 6 months in the prior art.
  • a method for quickly cultivating hazelnut semi-sterile seedlings comprising:
  • the surface is sterilized with a disinfectant to obtain sterilized seeds.
  • the first soaking liquid in step S2 is water at 20°C.
  • the second soaking solution in step S3 is water at 50°C.
  • the method for cleaning the second treated seeds in step S4 is: rinse twice with ultrapure water.
  • the surface disinfection method described in step S4 is: immerse in 75% alcohol for 30 minutes for surface disinfection.
  • the method of slightly breaking the sterilized seeds described in step S5 is: using mechanical cutting to slightly break the seeds.
  • the second disinfection method described in step S5 is: wipe the slightly broken seeds with 75% alcohol cotton gauze.
  • a method for quickly cultivating hazelnut semi-sterile seedlings comprising:
  • the surface is sterilized with a disinfectant to obtain sterilized seeds.
  • the first soaking liquid in step S2 is water at 30°C.
  • the second soaking solution in step S3 is water at 65°C.
  • the method for cleaning the second treated seeds in step S4 is: rinse twice with ultrapure water.
  • the surface disinfection method described in step S4 is: immerse in 75% alcohol for 30 minutes for surface disinfection.
  • the method of slightly breaking the sterilized seeds described in step S5 is: using mechanical cutting to slightly break the seeds.
  • the second disinfection method described in step S5 is: wipe the slightly broken seeds with 75% alcohol cotton gauze.
  • a method for quickly cultivating hazelnut semi-sterile seedlings comprising:
  • the surface is sterilized with a disinfectant to obtain sterilized seeds.
  • the first soaking liquid in step S2 is water at 0°C.
  • the second soaking liquid in step S3 is water at 30°C.
  • the method for cleaning the second treated seeds in step S4 is: rinse twice with ultrapure water.
  • the surface disinfection method described in step S4 is: immerse in 75% alcohol for 30 minutes for surface disinfection.
  • the method of slightly breaking the sterilized seeds described in step S5 is: using mechanical cutting to slightly break the seeds.
  • the second disinfection method described in step S5 is: wipe the slightly broken seeds with 75% alcohol cotton gauze.
  • the applicant adopts the rapid cultivation method of hazelnut semi-sterile seedlings described in Examples 1-3, at first the hazel seeds are pretreated, and then sowing and field management can significantly reduce the emergence time of the hazel seeds, Moreover, the seeds have a high germination rate and neat teething, which is convenient for subsequent field management.
  • the second soaking solution is water at 60 ⁇ 0.5°C.
  • the second soaking solution can significantly reduce the germination time of hazel seeds, but when the second soaking solution is water at 60 ⁇ 0.5°C, the effect will change abruptly.
  • water at 60 ⁇ 0.5° C. as the second soaking solution, the emergence time of hazel seeds dropped from 40-45 days at other temperatures to 25-26 days.
  • the first soaking solution contains 0.07-0.09% citric acid, preferably 0.08% of the water mass. Adding a small amount of citric acid in the first soaking solution can significantly reduce the time for treating seeds with the first soaking solution. After comparison, after adding 0.07-0.09% citric acid, the time to treat the seeds with the first soaking solution can be reduced to 15-16 hours to meet the treatment requirements, and will not affect the emergence time, germination rate and teething uniformity of the seeds .
  • step S2 the applicant selected jade pendant seeds from hazel seeds, and carried out a comparative experiment for step S2 and step S5.
  • the experimental design is as follows:
  • Jade pendant hazelnuts are soaked in cold water for 24 hours, then soaked in 60°C water for 2 hours, rinsed twice in ultrapure water, soaked in 75% alcohol for 30 minutes for surface disinfection, mechanically break the seeds slightly, wipe and disinfect with 75% alcohol cotton gauze, and then sow , can quickly cultivate semi-sterile seedlings of Yuzhui hazelnut, which provides a strong support for the cultivation of truffle-Yuzhui hazelnut mycorrhizal seedlings.
  • Seeds treated with water at 60°C can not only quickly grow semi-sterile seedlings, but also avoid the use of chemical reagents in the seedling raising process and reduce production costs. Using the existing technology, it takes only 60-90 days for the seeds to germinate, plus the seedling time, it usually takes about 6 months to emerge. In today's increasingly fast-paced modern times, the minimum emergence time of the present invention is 25 days.
  • the rapid and efficient semi-sterile seedling cultivation technology of Yuzhui hazelnut can make the cultivation of truffle-Yuzhui hazelnut mycorrhizal seedlings enter a new stage of development.
  • the field management in step S6 includes: planting substrate compatibility, sowing management, water and soil management, and pest control management.
  • the planting matrix compatibility includes:
  • perlite 3: 1 mix, mix with ultra-pure water until there is water overflowing from the crevices of hands but not dripping, and the water content is 55%-65%.
  • the planting substrate is obtained after adjusting the pH to 7.0-7.5 with quicklime water.
  • the sowing management includes:
  • the moisture and soil management includes:
  • the pest control management includes:
  • the infected seedlings should be removed as soon as possible to prevent transmission. If it is powdery mildew, spray 800-1000 times 50% wettable thiophanate or carbendazim when the seedlings grow to 4 leaves.
  • Using the above-mentioned field management method can stabilize the growth stability of hazel seeds after germination, reducing on the one hand.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

一种榛子半无菌苗的快速培育方法，包括：（1）除去空瘪、霉烂的种子，得到待处理种子；（2）将待处理种子放入第一浸泡液中浸泡22-25h，得到第一处理种子；（3）将第一处理种子放入第二浸泡液中浸泡100-140min，得到第二处理种子；（4）将第二处理种子清洗干净后用消毒液进行表面消毒，得到消毒种子；（5）将消毒种子轻微破口后再用消毒液进行第二次消毒，得到预处理种子；（6）将预处理种子播种后进行田间管理，得到榛子半无菌苗。该方法显著降低了榛树种子的出苗时间，且发芽率高、出苗整齐、便于育苗管理。

Description

一种榛子半无菌苗的快速培育方法 技术领域
本发明涉及农业种植技术领域，具体为一种榛子半无菌苗的快速培育方法。
背景技术
榛树是多年生落叶灌木坚果树种，作为经济林干果的一种，可谓是浑身是宝。榛子种仁含脂肪51.4％-66.4％，含蛋白质17.32％-25.92％，含碳水化合物4.9％-9.8％，还含有8种人体必需的氨基酸，维生素C、E、B及多种矿物质，特别是富含硒和紫杉醇，对人体降血压、保护视力以及抗癌等有独特作用，因此被称为“坚果之王”，深受人民喜爱。榛仁可以榨油，榛油为干性油，富含不饱和脂肪酸，为优质食油。其次榛子果壳也是制造活性炭的好原料，榛树树皮和果苞含单宁8.5％-14.5％可提取拷胶，榛叶含粗蛋白质15.9％可养柞蚕和猪，而且根系发达可营造水土保持林，也是发展经济林的优势树种。
榛树Corylussp.隶属于山毛榉目Fagales桦木科Betulaceae榛属CorylusL.。世界上榛树约有20种，野生主要分布于亚洲、欧洲及北美洲的温带，榛果主要盛产于土耳其、意大利、西班牙、美国、葡萄牙等国家。我国野生榛树有9种，分别是川榛C.heterophyllaFisch.exTrautv.var.sutchuenensisFranch.、维西榛C.wangiiHu.、刺榛C.feroxWall.、滇榛C.yunnanensis(Franchet)A.Camus.、披针叶榛C.fargesiiSchneid.、华榛C.chinensisFranch.、毛榛C.mandshuricaMaxim.、平榛C.heterophyllaFisch.、武陵榛C.wulingensisQ.X.LiuetC.M.Zhang。野生榛树坚果小、产量低且质量较差，1999年辽宁省经济林研究所逐步优化平榛和欧洲榛杂交育种工作，选育出了薄壳红、玉坠、达维、金铃等适应性强、出仁率高、坚果个大、果实饱满等特点的平欧杂种榛新品种(系)，且平欧榛子杂种开始在我国辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、山东、河北、安徽、山西、甘肃、宁夏、新疆等地大规模栽培，但是主要是以育苗为主的两用混合园，因此我国目前榛果年产量仍然不高，加上榛果市场需求量大、需求面较广，导致供不应求。
贵州属于亚热带季风气候，地势高差悬殊，天气气候特点在垂直方向差异较大，立体气候明显，再加上大气环流等的影响，导致贵州气候呈多样性，素有“一山分四季，十里不同天”，贵州全年平均温度是12℃-19℃，但是在贵州东部的铜仁最高温度曾达为42.5℃，贵州西部的威宁最低温度曾达-15.3℃。然而贵州有野生榛树有5种，分别为刺榛、滇榛、川榛、华榛、披针叶榛，占全国野生种的56％，主要分布于贵州省的西部、西南部地区，表明贵州是榛树的适生区。从森林复合经营角度考虑，把绿化造林与林下经济结合，选择榛树，培育块菌菌根苗，既可以满足石漠化地区绿化造林的需求，又可以为后期收获块菌，获得长期林下经济收益途径奠定基础。因此，保护利用和发展榛林，对 发展山区经济，调整农村产业结构，提高人民生活水平具有重要的意义，榛树在贵州的发展潜力巨大。除此之外，按照《贵州省国家储备林建设方案》，贵州一期建设中国国家储备林1098万亩，在实施国家储备林计划时，选用块菌—榛子菌根苗移栽，可以加速发展林业产业经济，短期可以收获榛果、榛叶等经济效益，长期可以持续性地收获价格昂贵的块菌，创造就业岗位，实现山区人民增收致富，为乡村振兴建设一个稳固的产业。
但是因榛子外壳致密，育苗时对种子发芽起阻碍作用，现有技术一般采用一定时间的底温处理促使榛子发芽，具体为：沙藏种子温度为0-5℃，处理时间为60-90天，当有25％的种子发芽时，即可播种。缓慢的发芽时间严重制约了榛树的繁育。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术存在的问题，提供一种榛子半无菌苗的快速培育方法，包括：
S1.除去空瘪、霉烂的种子，得到待处理种子。
S2.将待处理种子放入第一浸泡液中浸泡22-25h，得到第一处理种子。
S3.将第一处理种子放入第二浸泡液中浸泡100-140min，得到第二处理种子。
S4.将第二处理种子清洗干净后用消毒液进行表面消毒，得到消毒种子。
S5.将消毒种子轻微破口后再用消毒液进行第二次消毒，得到预处理种子。
S6.将预处理种子播种后进行田间管理，得到榛子半无菌苗。
进一步的，步骤S2所述第一浸泡液为0-30℃的水。
进一步的，所述第一浸泡液中含有水的质量0.07-0.09％的柠檬酸。
进一步的，步骤S3所述第二浸泡液为30-65℃的水。
进一步的，所述第二浸泡液为60±0.5℃的水。
进一步的，步骤S4所述将第二处理种子清洗干净的方法为：采用超纯水冲洗2次。
进一步的，步骤S4所述表面消毒的方法为：用75％酒精浸泡30min进行表面消毒。
进一步的，步骤S5所述将消毒种子轻微破口的方法为：采用机械割破的方式使种子轻微破口。
进一步的，步骤S5所述第二次消毒的方法为：用75％酒精棉纱擦拭轻微破口的种子。
进一步的，步骤S6所述田间管理包括：种植基质配伍、播种管理、水分和土壤管理、病虫害防治管理。
所述种植基质配伍包括：
按照沙子：珍珠岩＝3：1混匀，用超纯水拌料至用手捏手缝中有水溢出但不滴水，含水量为55％-65％。用生石灰水调节PH至7.0-7.5后得到所述种植基质。
所述播种管理包括：
用医用纱布铺在方筛上，在纱布上平铺6-9cm厚的基质，然后将预处理榛子种子的胚根向下均匀平铺在基质上，撒种后用基质覆盖玉坠榛子1-3cm并轻微镇压。
所述水分和土壤管理包括：
播种后2天开始浇水，每周浇超纯水1次。如基质表面干旱，补浇一次。保持育苗室湿度62±1％，温度20±2℃，并保持土壤疏松无杂草。
所述病虫害防治管理包括：
在蚊虫虫卵成虫前、腐生菌未成熟前用生石灰或药剂进行处理。如遇到共生菌的侵染，则需尽快将被侵染的幼苗移除，防止传播。如为白粉病，从幼苗长到4片叶时开始喷800-1000倍50％可湿性托布津或多菌灵。
本发明的有益效果在于：
1.本发明显著降低了榛树种子的出苗时间，从现有技术的6个月左右降低至25天左右。
2.采用本发明方法培育榛子半无菌苗，榛子种子的发芽率高、出苗整齐，便于育苗管理。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
实施例1
一种榛子半无菌苗的快速培育方法，包括：
S1.除去空瘪、霉烂的种子，得到待处理种子。
S2.将待处理种子放入第一浸泡液中浸泡24h，得到第一处理种子。
S3.将第一处理种子放入第二浸泡液中浸泡120min，得到第二处理种子。
S4.将第二处理种子清洗干净后用消毒液进行表面消毒，得到消毒种子。
S5.将消毒种子轻微破口后再用消毒液进行第二次消毒，得到预处理种子。
S6.将预处理种子播种后进行田间管理，得到榛子半无菌苗。
步骤S2所述第一浸泡液为20℃的水。
步骤S3所述第二浸泡液为50℃的水。
步骤S4所述将第二处理种子清洗干净的方法为：采用超纯水冲洗2次。
步骤S4所述表面消毒的方法为：用75％酒精浸泡30min进行表面消毒。
步骤S5所述将消毒种子轻微破口的方法为：采用机械割破的方式使种子轻微破口。
步骤S5所述第二次消毒的方法为：用75％酒精棉纱擦拭轻微破口的种子。
实施例2
一种榛子半无菌苗的快速培育方法，包括：
S1.除去空瘪、霉烂的种子，得到待处理种子。
S2.将待处理种子放入第一浸泡液中浸泡25h，得到第一处理种子。
S3.将第一处理种子放入第二浸泡液中浸泡140min，得到第二处理种子。
S4.将第二处理种子清洗干净后用消毒液进行表面消毒，得到消毒种子。
S5.将消毒种子轻微破口后再用消毒液进行第二次消毒，得到预处理种子。
S6.将预处理种子播种后进行田间管理，得到榛子半无菌苗。
步骤S2所述第一浸泡液为30℃的水。
步骤S3所述第二浸泡液为65℃的水。
步骤S4所述将第二处理种子清洗干净的方法为：采用超纯水冲洗2次。
步骤S4所述表面消毒的方法为：用75％酒精浸泡30min进行表面消毒。
步骤S5所述将消毒种子轻微破口的方法为：采用机械割破的方式使种子轻微破口。
步骤S5所述第二次消毒的方法为：用75％酒精棉纱擦拭轻微破口的种子。
实施例3
一种榛子半无菌苗的快速培育方法，包括：
S1.除去空瘪、霉烂的种子，得到待处理种子。
S2.将待处理种子放入第一浸泡液中浸泡22h，得到第一处理种子。
S3.将第一处理种子放入第二浸泡液中浸泡100min，得到第二处理种子。
S4.将第二处理种子清洗干净后用消毒液进行表面消毒，得到消毒种子。
S5.将消毒种子轻微破口后再用消毒液进行第二次消毒，得到预处理种子。
S6.将预处理种子播种后进行田间管理，得到榛子半无菌苗。
步骤S2所述第一浸泡液为0℃的水。
步骤S3所述第二浸泡液为30℃的水。
步骤S4所述将第二处理种子清洗干净的方法为：采用超纯水冲洗2次。
步骤S4所述表面消毒的方法为：用75％酒精浸泡30min进行表面消毒。
步骤S5所述将消毒种子轻微破口的方法为：采用机械割破的方式使种子轻微破口。
步骤S5所述第二次消毒的方法为：用75％酒精棉纱擦拭轻微破口的种子。
申请人经过研究，采用实施例1-3所述榛子半无菌苗的快速培育方法，首先对榛树种子进行预处理，然后在进行播种和田间管理，可显著减低榛树种子的出苗时间，且种子出芽率高，出牙整齐，便于后续田间管理。
实施例4
基于实施例1-3任一实施例所述榛子半无菌苗的快速培育方法，所述第二浸泡液为60±0.5℃的水。申请人经过研究，第二浸泡液为30-65℃的水均可显著降低榛树种子的发芽时间，但是当第二浸泡液为60±0.5℃的水时，效果会出现突变。采用60±0.5℃的水作为第二浸泡液，榛树种子的出苗时间由其余温度下的40-45天突降至25-26天。
实施例5
基于实施例1-3任一实施例所述榛子半无菌苗的快速培育方法，所述第一浸泡液中含有水的质量0.07-0.09％的柠檬酸，优选0.08％。在第一浸泡液中加入微量的柠檬酸可显著降低采用第一浸泡液处理种子的时间。经过对比，加入0.07-0.09％的柠檬酸后，采用第一浸泡液处理种子的时间可下降至15-16小时即可满足处理要求，不会影响种子的出苗时间、出芽率和出牙整齐度。
此外，申请人选用榛树种子中的玉坠种子，针对步骤S2和步骤S5进行了对比实验，实验设计如下表：
表1.不同方式进行步骤S2和S5的对比实验设计
Figure PCTCN2022131281-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2022131281-appb-000002
基于表1实验设计方案，申请人进行了正交实验，正交实验设计如表2所示：
表2.基于表1的正交实验设计
F1-1-P F3-2-P F2-1-P F2-1-CK
F1-2-P F3-3-P F2-2-P F2-2-CK
F1-3-P F3-4-P F2-3-P F2-3-CK
F1-1-CK F3-1-CK F2-4-P F2-4-CK
F1-2-CK F3-2-CK F2-5-P F2-5-CK
F1-3-CK F3-3-CK F2-6-P F2-6-CK
F3-1-P F3-4-CK F2-7-P F2-7-CK
其结果为：玉坠种子于1月下旬开始播种，最早的于2月中旬F2-4-P处理开始出苗，其次为F2-2-P、F1-1-P和F3-3-P处理于3月初开始出苗。其他按照出苗早到晚排序依次为：F2-5-P>F2-1-P>F2-6-P>F3-4-P>F1-2-P>F2-7-P>F1-3-P>F3-1-P>F2-3-P>F3-2-P>F3-4-CK>F2-4-CK>F2-5-CK>F2-1-CK>F3-3-CK>F2-2-CK>F3-2-CK>F1-1-CK>F2-6-CK>F1-3-P>F3-1-CK>F1-2-CK>F2-7-CK>F2-3-CK。
实验结果表明，玉坠榛子相同实验预处理，开口的总要比未开口的先出苗。玉坠榛子用冷水浸泡24h后，再用60℃水浸泡2h，超纯水冲洗2次，75％酒精浸泡30min进行表面消毒，机械方式使种子轻微破口，用75％酒精棉纱擦拭消毒后播种，可以快速的培育出玉坠榛子半无菌苗，为块菌-玉坠榛子菌根苗培育提供了强有力的支撑。60℃水处理种子不仅可以快速的培育出半无菌苗，而且避免了育苗过程中化学试剂的使用，降低了生产成本。采用现有技术，仅种子发芽的时间就需要60-90天，再加上育苗时间，一般需要6个月左右的时间才能出苗，在现代日益快节奏的今天，应用本发明出苗时间最低25天的快速高效的玉坠榛子半无菌苗培育技术，可使块菌-玉坠榛子菌根苗培育迈上一个发展的新阶段。
基于本发明的一个实施例，步骤S6所述田间管理包括：种植基质配伍、播种管理、水分和土壤管理、病虫害防治管理。
所述种植基质配伍包括：
按照沙子：珍珠岩＝3：1混匀，用超纯水拌料至用手捏手缝中有水溢出但不滴水，含水量为55％-65％。用生石灰水调节PH至7.0-7.5后得到所述种植基质。
所述播种管理包括：
用医用纱布铺在方筛上，在纱布上平铺6-9cm厚的基质，然后将预处理榛子种子的胚根向下均匀平铺在基质上，撒种后用基质覆盖玉坠榛子1-3cm并轻微镇压。
所述水分和土壤管理包括：
播种后2天开始浇水，每周浇超纯水1次。如基质表面干旱，补浇一次。保持育苗室湿度62±1％，温度20±2℃，并保持土壤疏松无杂草。
所述病虫害防治管理包括：
在蚊虫虫卵成虫前、腐生菌未成熟前用生石灰或药剂进行处理。如遇到共生菌的侵染，则需尽快将被侵染的幼苗移除，防止传播。如为白粉病，从幼苗长到4片叶时开始喷800-1000倍50％可湿性托布津或多菌灵。
采用上述田间管理方法，可以稳定榛树种子出芽后的生长稳定性，一方面减少。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种榛子半无菌苗的快速培育方法，其特征在于，包括：
    S1.除去空瘪、霉烂的种子，得到待处理种子；
    S2.将待处理种子放入第一浸泡液中浸泡22-25h，得到第一处理种子；
    S3.将第一处理种子放入第二浸泡液中浸泡100-140min，得到第二处理种子；
    S4.将第二处理种子清洗干净后用消毒液进行表面消毒，得到消毒种子；
    S5.将消毒种子轻微破口后再用消毒液进行第二次消毒，得到预处理种子；
    S6.将预处理种子播种后进行田间管理，得到榛子半无菌苗。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述榛子半无菌苗的快速培育方法，其特征在于，步骤S2所述第一浸泡液为0-30℃的水。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述榛子半无菌苗的快速培育方法，其特征在于，所述第一浸泡液中含有水的质量0.07-0.09％的柠檬酸。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述榛子半无菌苗的快速培育方法，其特征在于，步骤S3所述第二浸泡液为30-65℃的水。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述榛子半无菌苗的快速培育方法，其特征在于，所述第二浸泡液为60±0.5℃的水。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述榛子半无菌苗的快速培育方法，其特征在于，步骤S4所述将第二处理种子清洗干净的方法为：采用超纯水冲洗2次。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述榛子半无菌苗的快速培育方法，其特征在于，步骤S4所述表面消毒的方法为：用75％酒精浸泡30min进行表面消毒。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述榛子半无菌苗的快速培育方法，其特征在于，步骤S5所述将消毒种子轻微破口的方法为：采用机械割破的方式使种子轻微破口。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述榛子半无菌苗的快速培育方法，其特征在于，步骤S5所述第二次消毒的方法为：用75％酒精棉纱擦拭轻微破口的种子。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述榛子半无菌苗的快速培育方法，其特征在于，步骤S6所述田间管理包括：种植基质配伍、播种管理、水分和土壤管理、病虫害防治管理；
    所述种植基质配伍包括：
    按照沙子：珍珠岩＝3：1混匀，用超纯水拌料至用手捏手缝中有水溢出但不滴水，含水量为55％-65％；用生石灰水调节PH至7.0-7.5后得到所述种植基质；
    所述播种管理包括：
    用医用纱布铺在方筛上，在纱布上平铺6-9cm厚的基质，然后将预处理榛子种子的胚根向下均匀平铺在基质上，撒种后用基质覆盖玉坠榛子1-3cm并轻微镇压；
    所述水分和土壤管理包括：
    播种后2天开始浇水，每周浇超纯水1次；如基质表面干旱，补浇一次；保持育苗室湿度62±1％，温度20±2℃，并保持土壤疏松无杂草；
    所述病虫害防治管理包括：
    在蚊虫虫卵成虫前、腐生菌未成熟前用生石灰或药剂进行处理；如遇到共生菌的侵染，则需尽快将被侵染的幼苗移除，防止传播；如为白粉病，从幼苗长到4片叶时开始喷800-1000倍50％可湿性托布津或多菌灵。。
PCT/CN2022/131281 2021-11-11 2022-11-11 一种榛子半无菌苗的快速培育方法 WO2023083284A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111330508.4 2021-11-11
CN202111330508.4A CN113892425A (zh) 2021-11-11 2021-11-11 一种榛子半无菌苗的快速培育方法

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023083284A1 true WO2023083284A1 (zh) 2023-05-19

Family

ID=79193940

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2022/131281 WO2023083284A1 (zh) 2021-11-11 2022-11-11 一种榛子半无菌苗的快速培育方法

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN113892425A (zh)
WO (1) WO2023083284A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113892425A (zh) * 2021-11-11 2022-01-07 贵州省生物研究所 一种榛子半无菌苗的快速培育方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002281808A (ja) * 2001-03-26 2002-10-02 Toko Corp 木本植物種子の早期検定法
CN106538109A (zh) * 2016-12-09 2017-03-29 西南林业大学 一种平榛种子高效快速萌发的方法
CN106857147A (zh) * 2017-02-18 2017-06-20 天长市圣丰生态农业科技有限公司 一种苗高、快速出苗的樱桃苗木培育方法
CN109121552A (zh) * 2018-09-15 2019-01-04 烟台市林业科学研究所 一种物理打破枳椇种子休眠的方法
CN113892425A (zh) * 2021-11-11 2022-01-07 贵州省生物研究所 一种榛子半无菌苗的快速培育方法

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002281808A (ja) * 2001-03-26 2002-10-02 Toko Corp 木本植物種子の早期検定法
CN106538109A (zh) * 2016-12-09 2017-03-29 西南林业大学 一种平榛种子高效快速萌发的方法
CN106857147A (zh) * 2017-02-18 2017-06-20 天长市圣丰生态农业科技有限公司 一种苗高、快速出苗的樱桃苗木培育方法
CN109121552A (zh) * 2018-09-15 2019-01-04 烟台市林业科学研究所 一种物理打破枳椇种子休眠的方法
CN113892425A (zh) * 2021-11-11 2022-01-07 贵州省生物研究所 一种榛子半无菌苗的快速培育方法

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
YANG YONGFENG, FAN LING, GOU RUI: "Discussion on Dormancy Release and Germination Treatment of Forest Tree Seeds", FORESTRY OF SHANXI, no. 04, 20 August 2010 (2010-08-20), pages 26 - 27, XP009545486, ISSN: 1003-2460 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN113892425A (zh) 2022-01-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN103081608B (zh) 一种山葵种子的萌发处理方法
Ibrahim et al. Plant growth regulators affecting in vitro cultivation of Stevia rebaudiana
CN105993865A (zh) 一种栓皮栎无菌苗的培育方法
CN108633639A (zh) 一种华南地区露地苦瓜豇豆包心芥菜轮套一年三茬的栽培方法
CN104472056A (zh) 一种马铃薯种苗的培植方法
CN102511283A (zh) 壶瓶碎米荠的人工育苗方法
CN102656977A (zh) 一种薄壳山核桃种子高温催芽周转箱育苗方法
CN103858771A (zh) 一种玉米转基因组培苗的移栽方法
WO2023083284A1 (zh) 一种榛子半无菌苗的快速培育方法
CN109429961B (zh) 魔芋实生结籽快速繁育方法
KR101893753B1 (ko) 빌레나무의 실생번식 방법
CN111202095B (zh) 一种用于防治水稻细菌性条斑病的组合物及其制备方法与应用
JP5635692B2 (ja) 水稲の機械的移植のトレー育苗用発根剤及びその使用方法
CN110915352A (zh) 一种蛋黄果种子的催芽方法
CN114190131B (zh) 一种番茄专用富硒硅叶面喷施剂及其制备方法和应用
CN110915361B (zh) 一种明日叶催芽方法
CN113678830A (zh) 一种提高西瓜果实品质的组合物及其应用
CN113826549A (zh) 一种观赏石斛兰杂交育种方法
CN114451240A (zh) 一种促进玉竹种子出苗的方法
CN105075634A (zh) 甜柿种子快速高效萌发培育优质甜柿苗木的方法
CN110558078A (zh) 一种蜂糖李嫁接苗培育方法
CN110393135B (zh) 一种白花兜兰种子直播育苗的方法
CN115088417B (zh) 一种用于马铃薯种薯催芽的方法
CN111279994B (zh) 一种四倍体蒲公英的栽培方法
CN111631031B (zh) 甜瓜嫁接双干苗的育苗方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 22892077

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1