WO2023079934A1 - 発光装置及び測距装置 - Google Patents
発光装置及び測距装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023079934A1 WO2023079934A1 PCT/JP2022/038533 JP2022038533W WO2023079934A1 WO 2023079934 A1 WO2023079934 A1 WO 2023079934A1 JP 2022038533 W JP2022038533 W JP 2022038533W WO 2023079934 A1 WO2023079934 A1 WO 2023079934A1
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/0206—Substrates, e.g. growth, shape, material, removal or bonding
- H01S5/0215—Bonding to the substrate
- H01S5/0216—Bonding to the substrate using an intermediate compound, e.g. a glue or solder
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/89—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S17/894—Three-dimensional [3D] imaging with simultaneous measurement of time-of-flight at a two-dimensional [2D] array of receiver pixels, e.g. time-of-flight cameras or flash lidar
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/93—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S17/931—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4814—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4814—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone
- G01S7/4815—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone using multiple transmitters
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
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- H01S5/0235—Method for mounting laser chips
- H01S5/02355—Fixing laser chips on mounts
- H01S5/0237—Fixing laser chips on mounts by soldering
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- H01S5/04—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping, e.g. by electron beams
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- H01S5/042—Electrical excitation ; Circuits therefor
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
- H01S5/18361—Structure of the reflectors, e.g. hybrid mirrors
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- H01S2301/00—Functional characteristics
- H01S2301/17—Semiconductor lasers comprising special layers
- H01S2301/176—Specific passivation layers on surfaces other than the emission facet
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
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- H01S5/0225—Out-coupling of light
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/04—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping, e.g. by electron beams
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/04—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping, e.g. by electron beams
- H01S5/042—Electrical excitation ; Circuits therefor
- H01S5/0425—Electrodes, e.g. characterised by the structure
- H01S5/04256—Electrodes, e.g. characterised by the structure characterised by the configuration
- H01S5/04257—Electrodes, e.g. characterised by the structure characterised by the configuration having positive and negative electrodes on the same side of the substrate
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
- H01S5/18305—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL] with emission through the substrate, i.e. bottom emission
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
- H01S5/18361—Structure of the reflectors, e.g. hybrid mirrors
- H01S5/18375—Structure of the reflectors, e.g. hybrid mirrors based on metal reflectors
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/40—Arrangement of two or more semiconductor lasers, not provided for in groups H01S5/02 - H01S5/30
- H01S5/42—Arrays of surface emitting lasers
- H01S5/423—Arrays of surface emitting lasers having a vertical cavity
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a light emitting device and a distance measuring device.
- VCSELs Very Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers
- VCSELs have excellent features such as low power consumption, mass production at low cost, and easy two-dimensional array formation.
- back-illuminated VCSELs do not require wire bonding and can be directly connected to LDD (Laser Diode Driver) substrates and SPAD (Single Photon Avalanche Diode) substrates, making it easy to achieve miniaturization and multi-functionality. .
- LDD Laser Diode Driver
- SPAD Single Photon Avalanche Diode
- solder on the upper surface of the pad electrode arranged on the light emitting element and bond it to the LDD substrate or the like.
- the periphery of the pad electrode is covered with an insulating layer.
- the pad electrode or the underlying reflective electrode cracks, or if there is a gap between the end surface of the pad electrode or the like and the insulating layer, solder will enter the crack or gap, and the material of the pad electrode, etc. There is a possibility that the pad electrode and the reflective electrode may peel off due to the eutectic formation with gold and the expansion of the volume.
- each light-emitting element in the VCSEL chip has a mesa structure, and since the pad area of each light-emitting element is small, peeling easily occurs.
- the present disclosure provides a light-emitting device and a distance measuring device that can prevent peeling of a joint portion between a first substrate having a light-emitting element and a second substrate such as an LDD substrate.
- a first substrate having a light emitting element; a second substrate bonded to the surface opposite to the light emitting surface of the light emitting element;
- the first substrate is a first conductive layer laminated on the opposite surface side of the light emitting element; a second conductive layer laminated on the first conductive layer for reflecting light emitted from the light emitting element to the opposite surface; a third conductive layer laminated on the second conductive layer and bonded to the second substrate via a bonding member; and an insulating layer stacked on the third conductive layer so as to cover at least end portions of the stacked second conductive layer and the third conductive layer.
- the insulating layer may be arranged to cover at least part of the upper surface of the third conductive layer from the end.
- the surface of the third conductive layer facing the second substrate is a first region in contact with the joining member; and a second region arranged outside the first region and covered with the insulating layer.
- the second region may be arranged from a position overlapping with the first conductive layer to the end when viewed in the stacking direction.
- the second region may be arranged from a position closer to the center of the surface of the third conductive layer facing the second substrate than the position overlapping the first conductive layer when viewed in the stacking direction to the edge. good.
- the thickness of the insulating layer in the second region may be substantially uniform from the center side to the end side of the surface of the third conductive layer facing the second substrate.
- the thickness of the insulating layer in the second region may vary from the center side to the end side of the surface of the third conductive layer facing the second substrate.
- the thickness of the insulating layer in the second region may be thicker on the end portion side than on the center portion side of the surface of the third conductive layer facing the second substrate.
- the second substrate may have a driving circuit for controlling light emission of the light emitting elements.
- a light receiving part may be provided.
- the second substrate may have a voltage supply unit that supplies a predetermined voltage with a fixed voltage level to the light emitting element.
- the first conductive layer is arranged in a ring shape so as to surround at least part of a region through which light emitted by the light emitting element passes;
- the second conductive layer is arranged to cover the entire area of the first conductive layer including the area through which the light passes,
- the third conductive layer may be arranged to cover the entire area of the second conductive layer.
- the first conductive layer may be interrupted in at least one place in the ring direction.
- the light emitting element is a mesa structure
- the first substrate may have a plurality of light emitting elements.
- the first conductive layer is a contact electrode electrically connected to the electrode on the opposite side of the light emitting element;
- the second conductive layer is a reflective electrode that reflects light emitted from the light emitting element to the opposite surface side,
- the third conductive layer may be a pad electrode that bonds the first substrate to the second substrate through the bonding member.
- the first substrate is a reflective layer laminated on the opposite surface side of the light emitting element; a first conductive layer laminated around the reflective layer on the opposite surface side of the light emitting element; a second conductive layer laminated on the reflective layer and the first conductive layer and reflecting light emitted from the light emitting element to the opposite surface; a third conductive layer laminated on the second conductive layer and bonded to the second substrate via a bonding member; and an insulating layer stacked on the third conductive layer so as to overlap at least a portion of the reflective layer when viewed from the normal direction of the opposite surface of the light emitting element.
- the insulating layer may be laminated on the third conductive layer so as to overlap the entire outer peripheral side of the reflective layer when viewed from the normal direction of the opposite surface of the light emitting element.
- the reflective layer has at least one protrusion that protrudes outward from the outer peripheral portion of the reflective layer when viewed from the normal direction of the opposite surface of the light emitting element,
- the insulating layer may be laminated on the third conductive layer so as to overlap the protrusion when viewed from the normal direction of the opposite surface of the light emitting element.
- a light emitting device having a light emitting element; a light receiving element; a distance measuring unit that measures the distance to the object based on the light emission signal and the light reception signal of the light receiving element when the light emission signal of the light emitting element is reflected by the object and is received by the light receiving element; wherein the light emitting device comprises: a first substrate having the light emitting element; a second substrate bonded to the surface opposite to the light emitting surface of the light emitting element; The first substrate is a first conductive layer laminated on the opposite surface side of the light emitting element; a second conductive layer laminated on the first conductive layer for reflecting light emitted from the light emitting element to the opposite surface; a third conductive layer laminated on the second conductive layer and bonded to the second substrate via a bonding member; and an insulating layer laminated on the third conductive layer so as to cover at least an end portion of the third conductive layer.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a light emitting device according to one embodiment
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing in more detail the structures of the LDD substrate and the LD chip of the light emitting device of FIG. 1
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing details of a joint portion between an LDD substrate and an LD chip; Sectional drawing of the light-emitting device by this embodiment.
- 4B is a plan view of the light emitting device of FIG. 4A
- FIG. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a state in which cracks are generated in laminated reflective electrodes and pad electrodes;
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing how solder has penetrated into the inside of the pad electrode and the reflective electrode; Sectional drawing of the light-emitting device by the 1st modification of FIG. 4A.
- 6B is a plan view of the light emitting device of FIG. 6A;
- FIG. 7B is a plan view of the light emitting device of FIG. 7A;
- a plan view of a contact electrode in a light emitting device according to a fifth modification 4A to 4C are cross-sectional views showing the manufacturing process of the LDD substrate according to the present embodiment; Process sectional drawing following FIG.
- FIG. 9A is a process cross-sectional view following FIG. 9B;
- FIG. 9C is a process cross-sectional view following FIG. 9C;
- FIG. 9C is a process cross-sectional view following FIG. 9D;
- FIG. 9E is a process cross-sectional view following FIG. 9E;
- Process sectional drawing following FIG. 9G. 4A to 4C are process cross-sectional views showing the manufacturing process of the LD chip according to the present embodiment;
- FIG. 10B FIG. 4 is a manufacturing process diagram showing in detail a process of bonding individualized light emitting elements to an LDD substrate; Process sectional drawing following FIG. 11A.
- FIG. 11B Sectional drawing of the light-emitting device by 2nd Embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a plan view of the light emitting device of FIG. 12 viewed from the normal direction of the surface opposite to the light emitting surface; Sectional drawing of the light-emitting device by the example of a changed completely type of 2nd Embodiment. The top view of the light-emitting device by the example of a changed completely type of 2nd Embodiment. Sectional drawing of the light-emitting device by one comparative example.
- Sectional drawing of a ToF sensor. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a distance measuring device as an implementation example of a light emitting device according to the present embodiment; FIG. Explanatory drawing of STL system.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the distance measurement principle of the STL method
- 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a vehicle control system
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of installation positions of an information detection unit outside the vehicle and an imaging unit;
- Embodiments of a light emitting device and a distance measuring device will be described below with reference to the drawings. Although the main components of the light emitting device and the distance measuring device will be mainly described below, the light emitting device and the distance measuring device may have components and functions that are not illustrated or described. The following description does not exclude components or features not shown or described.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a light emitting device 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the light-emitting device 1 according to the present embodiment has an LDD substrate (first substrate) 4 arranged on a mounting substrate 2 with a heat dissipation substrate 3 interposed therebetween.
- a chip (second substrate) 5 is arranged.
- the LDD substrate 4 and the LD chip 5 are bonded together by a bonding layer 6 containing solder.
- the LDD substrate 4 outputs drive signals for driving the light emitting elements in the LD chip 5 via the bonding layer 6 .
- the LD chip 5 has a light emitting element.
- the light emitting element emits laser light in a predetermined wavelength band according to a drive signal from the LDD substrate 4 .
- Laser light emitted from the LD chip 5 is radiated to the outside through a correction lens 7 .
- a correction lens 7 is held by a lens holding portion 8 . Since the correction lens 7 is not an essential member, it may be omitted.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing in more detail the structure of the LDD substrate 4 and LD chip 5 of the light emitting device 1 of FIG.
- the LD chip 5 includes a substrate 11 , a laminated film 12 , a plurality of light emitting elements 13 formed using the laminated film 12 , a plurality of anode electrodes 14 and a cathode electrode 16 .
- the substrate 11 of the LD chip 5 is a substrate made of a compound semiconductor such as GaAs (gallium arsenide).
- the surface of the substrate 11 facing the LDD substrate 4 is the front surface S2, and the laser light is emitted from the rear surface S3 of the substrate 11 side.
- the laminated film 12 includes a first multilayer film reflector, a first spacer layer, an active layer, a second spacer layer, a second multilayer film reflector, and the like. Resonance is generated between the film reflecting mirror and the second multilayer film reflecting mirror to improve the light intensity, and the light is emitted from the rear surface S3 side of the substrate.
- the LD chip 5 in FIG. 2 is of the back-illuminated type.
- the light-emitting element 13 having the layer structure shown in FIG. 2 is referred to as a VCSEL structure.
- the plurality of light emitting elements 13 have a mesa structure formed by processing the laminated film 12 into a mesa shape.
- An anode electrode (second pad) 14 is arranged on the upper surface of each light emitting element 13 when viewed from the substrate 11 side.
- a cathode electrode 16 is arranged on the top and side surfaces of the laminated film 12 arranged on the end side of the LD chip 5 when viewed from the substrate 11 side.
- the cathode electrode 16 is also arranged on the lowermost layer side of the laminated film 12 of the plurality of light emitting elements 13 when viewed from the substrate 11 side.
- the arrangement of the anode electrode 14 and the cathode electrode 16 may be reversed.
- the common electrode is the cathode electrode 16, but the common electrode may be the anode electrode 14 and the cathode electrode 16 may be provided in each mesa portion.
- the LDD substrate 4 has multiple pads 21 for supplying drive signals to the multiple light emitting elements 13 of the LD chip 5 .
- a bonding layer 6 is arranged on these pads 21 as will be described later, and the pads 21 of the LDD substrate 4 and the corresponding pads of the anode electrode 14 of the LD chip 5 are bonded via the bonding layer 6 . be done.
- the pad of the LDD substrate 4 is referred to as the first pad 21 and the pad of the anode electrode 14 of the LD chip 5 is referred to as the second pad 14 .
- the LDD substrate 4 may have a drive circuit that generates a drive signal. In this case, the LDD substrate 4 is actively driven. Alternatively, the LDD substrate 4 may supply the pad 21 with a voltage according to a drive signal generated by an external drive circuit. In this case, the LDD substrate 4 is passively driven.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing details of the joint portion between the LDD substrate 4 and the LD chip 5 .
- the LD chip 5 is singulated with one or a plurality of light emitting elements 13 as a unit.
- FIG. 3 shows an example in which the LD chip 5 including the individualized light emitting elements 13 is bonded to the LDD substrate 4 .
- the bonding layer 6 is a laminated film containing a solder material and the like.
- the LD chip 5 in FIG. 3 has a mesa-structured light-emitting element 13 , a second pad 14 , and an insulating layer 15 arranged around the second pad 14 .
- the second pad 14 is arranged to face the first pad 21 and is bonded to the bonding layer 6 . That is, the first pad 21 and the second pad 14 are bonded via the bonding layer 6 .
- the second pad 14 is composed of a contact electrode, a reflective electrode, and a pad electrode, but FIG. 3 shows the second pad 14 in a simplified manner. As will be described later, this embodiment is characterized by the location of the insulating layer 15, but FIG. 3 shows the insulating layer 15 in a simplified manner.
- An underfill layer 23 is injected into the gap between the LDD substrate 4 and the LD chip 5 .
- the joint portion between the first pad 21 and the second pad 14 can be protected, and peeling or the like can be prevented.
- FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view of the light emitting device 1 according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 4B is a plan view of the light emitting device 1 of FIG. 4A
- FIG. 4A shows the cross-sectional structure of the light emitting element 13 arranged in the opposite direction to that in FIG.
- the bottom surface of FIG. 4A is the light emitting surface.
- the second pad 14 in FIG. 3 is composed of the contact electrode 17, reflective electrode 18, and pad electrode 19 in FIG. 4A.
- the contact electrode 17 is a first conductive layer laminated on the light emitting element 13 on the side opposite to the light emitting surface of the light emitting element 13 .
- the reflective electrode 18 is a second conductive layer that is stacked on the contact electrode 17 and reflects the light emitted to the side opposite to the light emitting surface of the light emitting element 13 .
- the pad electrode 19 is a third conductive layer laminated on the reflective electrode 18 and bonded to the LDD substrate 4 via a bonding member (bonding layer) 6 such as solder.
- a contact electrode 17 is layered on the light emitting element 13 .
- the contact electrode 17 is arranged in a ring shape so as to surround at least part of the region through which the light emitted by the light emitting element 13 passes.
- FIG. 4B shows an example in which the notch portion 17a is formed in a part of the contact electrode 17, but the shape of the contact electrode 17 is arbitrary.
- the contact electrode 17 does not necessarily have a ring shape, and may have a rectangular ring shape.
- the contact electrode 17 is made of, for example, an alloy of gold (Au) and germanium (Ge), nickel (Ni), gold (Au), or the like, or has a laminated structure of nickel and gold.
- the insulating layer 20 is arranged around the contact electrode 17 .
- the insulating layer 20 is made of, for example, silicon nitride (SiN) or silicon oxide (SiO 2 ).
- a reflective electrode 18 is laminated on the contact electrode 17 and the insulating layer 20 .
- the reflective electrode 18 is planarly arranged from the outer peripheral side to the inner side of the contact electrode 17 .
- the light emitting element 13 emits light downward in FIG. 4A, but part of the light travels upward. The light traveling upward is reflected by the reflective electrode 18 and travels downward.
- the reflective electrode 18 is made of, for example, titanium (Ti) or gold (Au), or has a laminated structure of titanium and gold.
- a pad electrode 19 is laminated on the reflective electrode 18 .
- the pad electrode 19 is made of, for example, titanium (Ti) or gold (Au), or has a laminated structure of titanium and gold.
- the pad electrode 19 is laminated so as to cover the entire area of the reflective electrode 18 .
- An insulating layer 15 is laminated on the pad electrode 19 .
- This insulating layer 15 is made of, for example, silicon nitride (SiN).
- the insulating layer 15 is laminated so as to cover at least the end face of the laminated pad electrode 19 and reflective electrode 18, which is one of the features of this embodiment.
- the insulating layer 15 has a two-layer structure. Both layers may be made of silicon nitride (SiN), or may be made of different materials.
- the lower layer side of the insulating layer 15 having a two-layer structure is called a first insulating layer 15a
- the upper layer side is called a second insulating layer 15b.
- the first insulating layer 15a and the second insulating layer 15b in the insulating layer 15 of FIG. 4A have substantially the same area, and the positions of the end faces are also substantially the same.
- the thickness of the first insulating layer 15a is thicker than the thickness of the second insulating layer 15b, but the thicknesses of the first insulating layer 15a and the second insulating layer 15b are arbitrary. be.
- the upper surface of the pad electrode 19 has a first region 19a where the pad electrode 19 is exposed and a second region 19b covered with the insulating layer 15, as shown in FIG. 4B.
- the first region 19 a is arranged on the center side of the upper surface of the pad electrode 19
- the second region 19 b is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the upper surface of the pad electrode 19 . More specifically, the second region 19b is arranged from the position overlapping the contact electrode 17 to the end side of the pad electrode 19 when viewed in the stacking direction.
- a bonding layer 6 such as solder as shown in FIG. 4B since the light emitting device of FIG. 4A has a large area ratio of the first region 19a, the bonding strength with the LDD substrate 4 can be increased.
- FIG. 5A and 5B are diagrams for explaining the phenomenon that the pad electrode 19 and the reflective electrode 18 are peeled off.
- 5A and 5B show cross-sectional structures around the contact electrode 17.
- FIG. FIG. 5A shows a state in which cracks 31 are generated in the laminated reflective electrode 18 and pad electrode 19 .
- the light-emitting element 13 is processed into a mesa shape, and when the reflective electrode 18 and the pad electrode 19 are laminated thereon, cracks 31 are likely to occur at the step portions.
- the insulating layer 15 arranged around the pad electrode 19 and the reflective electrode 18 does not cover the end faces of the pad electrode 19 and the reflective electrode 18, and the end faces of the pad electrode 19 and the reflective electrode 18 are not covered.
- a gap 32 is formed between the insulating layer 15 and the outer insulating layer 15 .
- solder When solder is applied onto the pad electrode 19 in the state where the crack 31 is generated, as shown in FIG. expand and expand. Also, the solder enters the pad electrode 19 and the reflective electrode 18 from the gap 32 between the end faces of the pad electrode 19 and the reflective electrode 18 and the insulating layer 15 around them, and similarly eutecticizes with gold (Au) and expands. . If the pad electrode 19 or the reflective electrode 18 expands, they are likely to peel off.
- the insulating layer 15 covers at least the end surfaces of the pad electrode 19 and the reflective electrode 18, there is a gap between the end surfaces of the pad electrode 19 and the reflective electrode 18 and the insulating layer 15 as shown in FIG. 5A. gap 32 does not exist. Therefore, there is no risk of solder entering the pad electrode 19 or the reflective electrode 18 from the end faces of the pad electrode 19 or the reflective electrode 18, and peeling of the pad electrode 19 or the reflective electrode 18 can be prevented.
- the insulating layer 15 covers only the outer peripheral sides of the pad electrode 19 and the reflective electrode 18, and the exposed area of the pad electrode 19 increases. Since the bonding layer 6 containing solder is adhered to the upper surface of the pad electrode 19 and bonded to the LDD substrate 4, the bonding area with the LDD substrate 4 can be increased, and the pad electrode 19 and the reflective electrode 18 are peeled off. become difficult.
- FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view of the light emitting device 1 according to the first modified example of FIG. 4A
- FIG. 6B is a plan view of the light emitting device 1 of FIG. 6A
- the insulating layer 15 in FIG. 6A is placed differently from the insulating layer 15 in FIG. 4A.
- the insulating layer 15 in FIG. 6A has a two-layer structure of a first insulating layer 15a and a second insulating layer 15b, like the insulating layer 15 in FIG. 4A.
- the first insulating layer 15a in FIG. 6A extends to the vicinity of the center of the contact electrode 17 when viewed from the stacking direction, similarly to the first insulating layer 15a in FIG. 4A.
- the second insulating layer 15b in FIG. 6A covers the pad electrode 19 to the inner side of the inner peripheral end of the contact electrode 17 when viewed in the stacking direction.
- the second insulating layer 15b is made thinner than the first insulating layer 15a.
- the upper surface of the pad electrode 19 in FIG. 6A has a first region 19a where the pad electrode 19 is exposed and a second region 19b covered with the insulating layer 15.
- the first region 19a is arranged on the upper surface of the pad electrode 19 on the central side
- the second region 19b is arranged on the upper surface of the pad electrode 19 outside the first region 19a.
- the first region 19a in FIG. 6A has a smaller area than the first region 19a in FIG. 4A.
- the second region 19b in FIG. 6A has a larger area than the second region 19b in FIG. 4A. More specifically, the second region 19b in FIG. 6A is arranged from a position closer to the central portion of the upper surface of the pad electrode 19 than the position overlapping the contact electrode 17 when viewed in the stacking direction to an end portion of the pad electrode 19. ing.
- the thickness of the insulating layer 15 in the second region 19b varies from the center side to the end side of the surface of the pad electrode 19 facing the LDD substrate 4 . More specifically, the thickness of the insulating layer 15 in the second region 19b is thicker on the edge side of the surface of the pad electrode 19 facing the LDD substrate 4 than on the central side. That is, only the second insulating layer 15b is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the second region 19b, and the first insulating layer 15a and the second insulating layer 15b are arranged on the outer peripheral side of the second region 19b. The insulating layer 15 is thicker on the outer peripheral side of the region 19b than on the inner peripheral side.
- the first region 19a where the pad electrode 19 is exposed is narrower than that of the light-emitting device 1 of FIG. 4A.
- the crack 31 is likely to be covered with the insulating layer 15 . Therefore, it is possible to prevent solder from entering through the crack 31 and to prevent peeling of the pad electrode 19 and the reflective electrode 18 .
- FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view of the light emitting device 1 according to the first modified example of FIG. 4A
- FIG. 7B is a plan view of the light emitting device 1 of FIG. 7A
- the insulating layer 15 in FIG. 7A is located differently from the insulating layer 15 in FIGS. 4A and 6A.
- the insulating layer 15 in FIG. 7A has a two-layer structure of a first insulating layer 15a and a second insulating layer 15b, similar to the insulating layer 15 in FIGS. 4A and 6A, but the first insulating layer 15a and the second insulating layer Both 15b are arranged inside the contact electrode 17 when viewed from the stacking direction.
- the upper surface of the pad electrode 19 in FIG. 7A has a first region 19a where the pad electrode 19 is exposed and a second region 19b covered with the insulating layer 15.
- the first region 19 a is arranged on the center side of the upper surface of the pad electrode 19
- the second region 19 b is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the upper surface of the pad electrode 19 .
- the first region 19a in FIG. 7 has a smaller area than the first region 19a in FIG.
- the second region 19b in FIG. 7 has a larger area than the second region 19b in FIG. More specifically, like the second region 19b in FIG. 6, the second region 19b in FIG. 7 is positioned closer to the center of the upper surface of the pad electrode 19 than the position overlapping the contact electrode 17 when viewed in the stacking direction. , to the end of the pad electrode 19 .
- Both the first insulating layer 15a and the second insulating layer 15b in FIG. 7 are arranged on the pad electrode 19 to the inner side of the approximate center of the contact electrode 17 when viewed from the stacking direction. As a result, even if a crack 31 occurs in the pad electrode 19 or the reflective electrode 18 around the contact electrode 17, the crack 31 can be covered with the insulating layer 15, and penetration of solder from the crack 31 is suppressed more than in FIG. can.
- FIG. 6A and FIG. 7A The difference between FIG. 6A and FIG. 7A is that the central side of the pad electrode 19 is covered only by the thin second insulating layer 15b, or the central side of the pad electrode 19 is covered by both the first insulating layer 15a and the second insulating layer 15b. It is to cover the part side. Since the pad electrode 19 can be more strongly protected in FIG. 7A, the risk of solder entering the crack 31 can be further avoided.
- the bonding area of the bonding layer 6 such as solder attached to the pad electrode 19 is smaller than that of the light emitting device 1 of FIG. 4A. Therefore, the light-emitting element 13 in FIGS. 6A and 7A has a weaker bonding strength to the LDD substrate 4 than the light-emitting device 1 in FIG. 4A.
- the bonding strength to the LDD substrate 4 is the maximum in FIG. 4A, and the bonding strengths of the light emitting elements 13 in FIGS. , and is weaker than the bonding strength of the light emitting device 1 of FIG. 4A.
- FIG. 7A is the most excellent from the viewpoint of preventing peeling due to penetration of solder from cracks 31 generated in the pad electrode 19 and the reflective electrode 18. 6A is superior, and FIG. 4A is the worst.
- the contact electrode 17 in the light emitting element 13 shown in FIGS. 4A, 6A, and 7A has an annular shape with a notch 17a in part, but other shapes are possible.
- FIG. 8A is a plan view of the contact electrode 17 in the light emitting device 1 according to the fourth modification
- FIG. 8B is a plan view of the contact electrode 17 in the light emitting device 1 according to the fifth modification.
- the contact electrode 17 in FIG. 8A has an annular shape with no notch 17a.
- the contact electrode 17 in FIG. 8B has an annular shape with a plurality of notches 17a. In FIG. 8B, the size and number of notches 17a are arbitrary.
- the size of the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the ring-shaped contact electrode 17 is arbitrary.
- the contact electrode 17 may have any shape as long as it surrounds the path through which the light from the light emitting element 13 passes, and does not necessarily have to have a ring shape, and may have a rectangular ring shape or a polygonal ring shape. .
- the mesa-structured light emitting element 13 is bonded to the LDD substrate 4 via the bonding layer 6 such as solder.
- the light-emitting element 13 may be bonded to a passive substrate that supplies the light-emitting element 13 with a voltage corresponding to a drive signal generated by an external drive circuit.
- a light receiving element may be arranged on the substrate to which the light emitting element 13 is bonded. As a result, a ToF sensor is obtained in which the light emitting element 13 and the light receiving element are arranged on a common substrate.
- the contact electrode 17, the reflective electrode 18, and the pad electrode 19 are laminated on the surface opposite to the light emitting surface of the light emitting element 13 of the LD chip 5, and the reflective electrode 18 and the pad electrode 19 are laminated. Since the end face of the pad electrode 19 is covered with the insulating layer 15, solder does not penetrate into the reflective electrode 18 and the pad electrode 19 from this end face, and peeling of the reflective electrode 18 and the pad electrode 19 can be prevented.
- FIG. 9A are process cross-sectional views showing the manufacturing process of the LDD substrate 4 according to this embodiment.
- the first pad 21 is formed on the first surface S1 of the first substrate 25, and the insulating film 26 is formed on the first surface S1 so as to cover the first pad 21.
- the first substrate 25 is, for example, a silicon substrate.
- the insulating film 26 is provided to protect the first pads 21 and prevent short circuits between adjacent first pads 21 .
- the insulating film 26 may be an organic insulating film or an inorganic insulating film.
- the material of the organic insulating film is, for example, polyimide or polymer. Materials for the inorganic insulating film are, for example, SiO 2 and SiN.
- the material of the first pad 21 is, for example, aluminum (Al). Wire bonding is facilitated by forming the first pads 21 from aluminum. Incidentally, the bonding between the LDD substrate 4 and the LD chip 5 can be performed without wire bonding. Wire bonding may be performed when connecting the mounting board 2 shown in FIG. 1 and the first pads 21 . Aluminum has high conductivity and excellent contact with bonding wires.
- the first pad 21 is made of aluminum, an oxide film passivation is formed on the surface, and resistance to corrosion and the like can be enhanced.
- the first pad 21 may be made of a metal other than aluminum.
- the first pad 21 is for applying a drive signal to the anode electrode 14 of the light emitting element 13 inside the LD chip 5 .
- the LDD substrate 4 is formed with the first pads 21 in the number corresponding to the number of the light emitting elements 13 in the LD chip 5 .
- the insulating film 26 is patterned so that the first pads 21 are exposed.
- the patterning of the insulating film 26 may be performed by dry etching or wet etching.
- the third conductive layer 22 is formed on the first surface S1 of the LDD substrate 4, as shown in FIG. 9C.
- the third conductive layer 22 functions as a barrier layer against the bonding layer 6 .
- the third conductive layer 22 is formed by laminating a plurality of metal layers. If the first pad 21 is made of aluminum, the bottom layer of the third conductive layer 22 is preferably a titanium (Ti) layer. Thereby, migration of aluminum can be suppressed.
- a copper (Cu) layer is formed on the Ti layer.
- the third conductive layer 22 composed of the laminated film 12 of the Ti layer and the Cu layer functions as a barrier layer (UBM layer: Under Barrier Metal) for the bonding layer 6 .
- UBM layer Under Barrier Metal
- the third conductive layer 22 is arranged on the upper surface of the first pad 21 and the side and upper surfaces of the insulating film 26.
- the boundary portion between the first pad 21 and the insulating film 26 is a stepped portion.
- the third conductive layer 22 is formed with a predetermined film thickness so that the third conductive layer 22 does not break. More specifically, the thickness of the third conductive layer 22 depends on the thickness of the insulating film 26 . As the thickness of the insulating film 26 increases, the thickness of the third conductive layer 22 also needs to increase.
- the Ti layer and Cu layer forming the third conductive layer 22 are formed by sputtering, vapor deposition, or the like.
- a photoresist 27 is formed on the first surface S1 of the LDD substrate 4, and the photoresist 27 is patterned by a lithography process. Specifically, the photoresist 27 is patterned so that the upper surface of the third conductive layer 22 is exposed. The end face of the opening formed by patterning the photoresist 27 may be positioned outside or inside the step of the third conductive layer 22 .
- the thickness of the photoresist 27 is set according to the thickness of the bonding layer 6 . For example, when forming the first pads 21 at a narrow pitch of 20 ⁇ m or less, the film thickness of the photoresist 27 is about 3 to 15 ⁇ m.
- a bonding layer 6 is formed on the third conductive layer 22 in the opening of the photoresist 27. Then, as shown in FIG. In this specification, the bonding layer 6 may be called a plated layer or a solder layer.
- the bonding layer 6 may be formed using an electrolytic plating method or an electroless plating method.
- the bonding layer 6 is formed by laminating a plurality of metal layers.
- the material of the bonding layer 6 has, for example, a three-layer structure of Cu pillar/Ni/SnAg. Alternatively, a four-layer structure of Cu/Ni/Cu/SnAg may be used. Alternatively, a two-layer structure of Ni/SnAg may be used.
- the laminated film 12 such as Cu/Ni/AuSn, Cu/Ni/Cu/AuSn, Ni/AuSn, Cu/Ni/SnBi, Cu/Ni/Cu/SnBi, Ni/SnBi may be used.
- the reason why the Ni layer is sandwiched between the SnAg layer and the Cu layer is that if there is no Ni layer, SnAg and Cu easily react to form an intermetallic compound (IMC). Formation of the IMC causes a reduction in reliability.
- the Ni layer functions as a barrier layer against the SnAg layer and the Cu layer.
- each layer constituting the bonding layer 6 is arbitrary, it is desirable to set the thickness of the Ni layer so that the SnAg layer does not diffuse into the underlying Cu layer.
- the SnAg layer it is desirable to set the film thickness of the SnAg layer so that a sufficient amount of the SnAG layer adheres also to the LD chip 5 side when the LD chip 5 is joined.
- the bonding layer 6 is Cu/Ni/SnAg
- the thickness of the Cu layer is 1 to 10 ⁇ m
- the thickness of the Ni layer is 1 to 8 ⁇ m
- the thickness of the SnAg layer is 1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the patterned photoresist 27 is removed by etching or the like.
- part of the third conductive layer 22 is removed.
- a portion of the third conductive layer 22 is removed by wet etching, for example.
- wet etching for example, when the pitch of the first pads 21 is 20 ⁇ m, the diameter of the bonding layer 6 is about 10 ⁇ m, so it is important to control the undercut amount of the third conductive layer 22 . It is desirable to adjust the undercut amount of the third conductive layer 22 by controlling the type of wet etching etchant and the etching conditions.
- the bonding layer 6 is reflowed.
- the reflow treatment may be performed while the flux is formed on the surface of the bonding layer 6, or the reflow treatment of the bonding layer 6 may be performed in formic acid.
- wicking may occur in which the solder material such as SnAg wraps around the sidewalls of the Ni layer or the Cu layer.
- it is important to control the temperature profile of the reflow process If the temperature is too high, wicking tends to occur, and if the temperature is too low, segregation will occur in the solder material such as SnAg, resulting in poor bonding. It is desirable to perform both temperature control and time control of reflow.
- the bonding layer 6 subjected to the reflow process is formed on the first pad 21 of the LDD substrate 4 .
- 9A to 9H since the first pads 21 on the LDD substrate 4 are formed on a substantially flat surface, the first pads 21 can be relatively easily formed by ordinary photolithography or the like. 3 A conductive layer 22 and a bonding layer 6 can be formed.
- FIG. 10A are process cross-sectional views showing the manufacturing process of the LD chip 5 according to this embodiment.
- a plurality of light emitting elements 13 having a mesa structure are formed on the substrate of the LD chip 5 .
- Each light emitting element 13 is formed of the laminated film 12 as described above.
- a second pad 14 functioning as an anode electrode 14 is formed on the upper surface of each light emitting element 13 (bottom surface of the light emitting element 13 in FIG. 10A) as viewed from the substrate side.
- the second pad 14 is, for example, a laminated film of Ti/Pt/Au.
- the Ti layer is a barrier layer when connecting with the laminated film 12 forming the light emitting element 13 .
- the Pt layer is a barrier layer for the Au layer.
- the Au layer functions as an antioxidant layer that prevents the surface of the second pad 14 from being oxidized.
- the Ti layer has a thickness of, for example, 50-200 nm.
- the Pt layer has a thickness of, for example, 100-500 nm.
- the Au layer has a thickness of, for example, 50-300 nm.
- the Au layer is effective in suppressing oxidation of the surface of the first pad 21, but if the Au layer is too thick, the Au will diffuse into the bonding layer 6 and cause voids. Thickness should be controlled.
- an insulating film 28 is formed on the surface of the LD chip 5 on the second surface S2 side.
- the insulating film 28 is, for example, SiN.
- the film thickness of the insulating film 28 is, for example, about 230 nm.
- the fourth conductive layer 24 is formed in the opening of the insulating film 28. Then, as shown in FIG. The fourth conductive layer 24 functions as a barrier layer (UBM layer) that prevents diffusion of Au and Pt contained in the second pad 14 .
- the fourth conductive layer 24 is, for example, a laminated film of Ni/Au. The Ni layer can prevent Au and Pt from diffusing in the second pad 14 . Note that the fourth conductive layer 24 is not an essential layer and can be omitted.
- the thickness of the Ni layer is, for example, about 500 to 3000 nm, and the thickness of the Au layer is, for example, about 25 to 300 nm.
- the ratio between the size of the second pad 14 and the size of the fourth conductive layer 24 is important.
- the bonding layer 6 preferably has a diameter of 8 to 10 ⁇ m. That is, it is desirable that the diameter size of the bonding layer 6 is 80 to 100% of the diameter size of the fourth conductive layer 24 .
- the bonding layer 6 spreads toward the second pad 14 , so that the bonding layer 6 becomes insufficient and voids may be formed in the bonding layer 6 .
- FIGS. 10A to 10C are performed while the size of the substrate of the LD chip 5 remains unchanged.
- the process of separating the LD chip 5 into individual pieces in units of one or a plurality of light emitting elements 13 is performed.
- a step of bonding each individualized light emitting element 13 to the LDD substrate 4 is performed.
- Step of Bonding Light Emitting Element 13 to LDD Substrate 4 are manufacturing process diagrams showing in more detail the process of bonding each individualized light emitting element 13 to the LDD substrate 4.
- FIG. The LDD substrate 4 has the size of a wafer.
- the LD chip 5 side is individualized in units of one or a plurality of light emitting elements 13 .
- FIGS. 11A to 11C are for CoW (Chip on Wafer) connection of the LD chip 5 on the LDD substrate 4 .
- the individualized light emitting elements 13 are positioned on the LDD substrate 4, and reflow processing is performed.
- CoW bonding is generally performed with a flip chip bonder, but a desired shape can also be obtained with a TCB (Thermo Compressive Bonder).
- the individualized LD chips 5 are temporarily placed on the surface of the LDD substrate 4 with flux formed thereon, and the reflow process shown in FIG. 11B is performed.
- reflow processing There are two types of reflow processing, either of which can be adopted. One is to form flux on the surface of the LDD substrate 4 in advance and then perform the reflow treatment, as described above. Another is to reflow in formic acid without flux formation.
- the reflow temperature profile is important to prevent wicking. If the temperature is too high, wicking tends to occur, and if the temperature is too low, segregation will occur in the solder material, resulting in poor bonding.
- it is desirable to control the temperature in the peak region for example, at 220.degree. C. to 240.degree. C. for about 40 to 70 seconds.
- an underfill layer 23 is injected into the gap between the LDD substrate 4 and the LD chip 5 .
- Formation of the underfill layer 23 is an important step for ensuring the reliability of the connection between the LDD substrate 4 and the LD chip 5 .
- the height on the LD chip 5 side is as thin as about 100 ⁇ m, and there is a possibility that the underfill layer 23 will creep up to the substrate side of the LD chip 5 , causing bleeding. Therefore, selection of the material for the underfill layer 23 and control of the process of injecting the underfill layer 23 are important.
- the substrate When singulating the LD chip 5, the substrate is diced. At this time, in blade dicing, unevenness on the side surface of the separated substrate 11 becomes large. If the side surface of the substrate 11 has large unevenness, bleeding may occur in which the underfill layer 23 injected into the gap between the LDD substrate 4 and the LD chip 5 crawls up the side surface of the substrate 11 . On the other hand, in stealth dicing, since the substrate 11 is diced by laser light irradiation, the dicing surface of the substrate 11 is flat, and the above-described bleeding hardly occurs. Therefore, when singulating the LD chip 5, it is desirable to perform stealth dicing.
- the bonding layer 6 is formed on the first pad 21 of the LDD substrate 4 and then the LD chip 5 is bonded. Therefore, the formation positional deviation of the bonding layer 6 is less likely to occur.
- Each light-emitting element 13 of the LD chip 5 is processed into a mesa shape, and it is highly difficult to precisely form the bonding layer 6 on the upper surface of each light-emitting element 13 in terms of process. , the short circuit between the anode electrodes 14 of two adjacent light emitting elements 13 tends to occur.
- the periphery of the first pad 21 of the LDD substrate 4 is a substantially flat surface, it is relatively easy to form the bonding layer 6 on the first pad 21 . Therefore, the bonding layer 6 can be formed more easily and accurately than forming the bonding layer 6 on the upper surface of each light emitting element 13 of the LD chip 5, and the bonding between the LDD substrate 4 and the LD chip 5 can be performed without misalignment. can.
- the light-emitting device according to the second embodiment is characterized in that peeling of the dielectric multilayer mirror arranged on the light-emitting element is prevented.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the light emitting device 1a according to the second embodiment.
- the same reference numerals are given to the components that are common to those of FIG. 4A, and the differences will be mainly described below.
- the light emitting device 1a of FIG. 12 includes a dielectric multilayer mirror (DMM 20a: Dielectric Multilayer Mirror) 20a laminated on the light emitting element 13.
- DMM 20a Dielectric Multilayer Mirror
- a reflective layer consisting of a single layer may be arranged.
- a contact electrode 17 is laminated on the light emitting element 13 on the outer peripheral side of the DMM 20a.
- the light emitting element 13 emits light from the lower surface (light emitting surface) in FIG. Therefore, the upper side of FIG. 12 is the surface side opposite to the light emitting surface of the light emitting element 13, and the LDD substrate 4 of FIG. 2 is arranged to face it.
- a reflective electrode 18 is arranged on the DMM 20 a and the contact electrode 17 .
- a pad electrode 19 is arranged on the reflective electrode 18 .
- the outer peripheral side of the pad electrode 19 is covered with the insulating layer 15 .
- the insulating layer 15 has, for example, a two-layer structure of a first insulating layer 15a and a second insulating layer 15b, as in FIG. 4A.
- FIG. 13 is a plan view of the surface of the light emitting device 1a of FIG. 12 opposite to the light emitting surface viewed from the normal direction.
- FIG. 12 shows a cross-sectional structure taken along line AA of FIG.
- the insulating layer 15 is arranged so as to overlap at least part of the DMM 20a. More specifically, in the example of FIG. 13, the insulating layer 15 is arranged so as to overlap the entire outer peripheral side of the DMM 20a. This improves the adhesion between the DMM 20a and the light emitting element 13, and prevents the DMM 20a from unintentionally peeling off.
- a region that does not overlap the insulating layer 15 may exist in a part of the outer peripheral side of the DMM 20a.
- plan view of FIG. 13 shows an example in which the DMM 20a has a substantially circular ring shape, a part of the ring may be cut off.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a light emitting device 1b according to a modified example of the second embodiment
- FIG. 15 is a plan view of the light emitting device 1b according to a modified example of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 14 shows a cross-sectional structure taken along line BB of FIG.
- the DMM 20a in the light emitting device 1b of FIG. 14 has a plurality of projecting portions 20b projecting outward from the outer peripheral portion, and the insulating layer 15 is arranged so as to overlap the projecting portions 20b.
- the outer peripheral side of the DMM 20 a other than the protruding portion 20 b is arranged so as not to overlap the insulating layer 15 .
- the number and size of the protrusions 20b are arbitrary.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of a light emitting device 100 according to a comparative example.
- the insulating layer 15 is arranged so as not to overlap the DMM 20a when viewed from the normal direction of the surface of the light emitting element 13 opposite to the light emitting surface.
- the adhesion between the DMM 20a and the light emitting element 13 is lower than that of the light emitting devices 1a and 1b shown in FIGS.
- the insulating layer 15 is arranged so as to overlap at least a portion of the DMM 20a when the light-emitting devices 1a and 1b are viewed from the normal direction of the surface opposite to the light-emitting surface. , the adhesion between the DMM 20a and the light emitting element 13 can be improved, and problems such as peeling of the DMM 20a can be prevented.
- the light-emitting device 1 (1a, 1b) can be used, for example, in a rangefinder (also called a rangefinder module) 40 that measures the distance to an object without contact.
- the distance measuring device 40 requires a light receiving device 41 for receiving the reflected light signal of the light emitted from the light emitting device 1 (1a, 1b) reflected by the object.
- the light-emitting device 1 (1a, 1b) and the light-receiving device 41 may be arranged separately, or may be arranged on a common support member .
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of a ToF sensor 43 in which the light emitting device 1 and the light receiving device 41 are arranged on the same supporting member 42.
- the light emitting device 1 and the light receiving device 41 are supported by a common supporting member 42, and a light blocking wall 44 is arranged between the light emitting device 1 and the light receiving device 41.
- the light emitting device 1 of FIG. 17 has an LDD substrate 4 and an LD chip 5 that are bonded together, and a correction lens 7, as in FIG.
- a light receiving device 41 in FIG. 17 has a light receiving element 45 and a condenser lens 46 .
- the condenser lens 46 collects the reflected light signal from the object and forms an image on the light receiving element.
- FIG. 18 shows a configuration example of a distance measuring device 40 as one mounting example of the light emitting device 1 (1a, 1b) according to the first or second embodiment.
- the distance measuring device 40 includes a light emitting portion 51, a driving portion 52, a power supply circuit 53, a light emitting side optical system 54, a light receiving side optical system 55, a light receiving portion 56, a signal processing portion 57, a control portion 58, and a temperature detector.
- a portion 59 is provided.
- the light emitting unit 51 emits light from a plurality of light sources.
- the light emitting unit 51 and the light emitting side optical system 54 correspond to the light emitting device 1 (1a, 1b) described above.
- the light emitting unit 51 of this example has light emitting elements 13 by VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting LASER) as respective light sources, and the light emitting elements 13 are arranged in a matrix, for example. are arranged and configured according to a predetermined mode.
- VCSEL Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting LASER
- the driving section 52 is configured with a power supply circuit 53 for driving the light emitting section 51 .
- the power supply circuit 53 generates a power supply voltage (driving voltage Vd, which will be described later) for the drive section 52 based on an input voltage (input voltage Vin, which will be described later) from a battery (not shown) provided in the distance measuring device 40, for example.
- the driving section 52 drives the light emitting section 51 based on the power supply voltage.
- the light emitted from the light emitting unit 51 is applied to a subject (target object) S as a distance measurement target via a light emitting side optical system 54 . Reflected light from the subject S of the light irradiated in this way enters the light receiving surface of the light receiving section 56 via the light receiving side optical system 55 .
- the light receiving unit 56 is, for example, a light receiving element such as a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) sensor or a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) sensor. It receives light, converts it to an electrical signal, and outputs it.
- the light receiving section 56 and the light receiving side optical system 55 correspond to the light receiving device 41 shown in FIG.
- the light receiving unit 56 performs, for example, CDS (Correlated Double Sampling) processing, AGC (Automatic Gain Control) processing, etc. on the electrical signal obtained by photoelectrically converting the received light, and further performs A / D (Analog / Digital) conversion. process. Then, the signal as digital data is output to the signal processing section 57 in the subsequent stage.
- CDS Correlated Double Sampling
- AGC Automatic Gain Control
- the light receiving section 56 of this example outputs the frame synchronization signal Fs to the driving section 52 .
- the driving section 52 can cause the light emitting element 13 in the light emitting section 51 to emit light at a timing according to the frame cycle of the light receiving section 56 .
- the signal processing unit 57 is configured as a signal processing processor such as a DSP (Digital Signal Processor).
- the signal processing section 57 performs various signal processing on the digital signal input from the light receiving section 56 .
- the control unit 58 includes, for example, a microcomputer having a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), or an information processing device such as a DSP. It controls the drive unit 52 for controlling the operation and controls the light receiving operation of the light receiving unit 56 .
- a microcomputer having a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), or an information processing device such as a DSP.
- the control unit 58 has a function as a distance measurement unit 58a.
- the distance measuring section 58a measures the distance to the subject S based on a signal input via the signal processing section 57 (that is, a signal obtained by receiving reflected light from the subject S).
- the distance measuring unit 58a of this example measures the distance of each part of the subject S in order to specify the three-dimensional shape of the subject S.
- Temperature detector 59 detects the temperature of light emitter 51 .
- a diode may be used to detect the temperature.
- the temperature information detected by the temperature detection unit 59 is supplied to the driving unit 52, so that the driving unit 52 can drive the light emitting unit 51 based on the temperature information.
- ranging method As a ranging method in the ranging device 40, for example, a ranging method based on the STL (Structured Light) method or the ToF (Time of Flight) method can be adopted.
- STL Structured Light
- ToF Time of Flight
- the STL method is a method of measuring the distance based on an image of the subject S irradiated with light having a predetermined bright/dark pattern such as a dot pattern or grid pattern.
- FIG. 19A is an explanatory diagram of the STL method.
- the subject S is irradiated with pattern light Lp having a dot pattern as shown in FIG. 19A, for example.
- the pattern light Lp is divided into a plurality of blocks BL, and each block BL is assigned a different dot pattern (a dot pattern is prevented from overlapping between blocks B).
- FIG. 19B is an explanatory diagram of the principle of distance measurement of the STL method.
- the wall W and the box BX placed in front of it are the subject S, and the subject S is irradiated with the pattern light Lp.
- “G” in the drawing schematically represents the angle of view of the light receiving section 56 .
- BLn in the figure means the light of a certain block BL in the pattern light Lp
- dn means the dot pattern of the block BLn projected on the received light image by the light receiving unit 56.
- the dot pattern of the block BLn appears at the position of "dn'" in the received light image. That is, the position where the pattern of the block BLn appears in the received light image differs between when the box BX exists and when the box BX does not exist. Specifically, pattern distortion occurs.
- the STL method is a method that obtains the shape and depth of the subject S by utilizing the fact that the irradiated pattern is distorted by the object shape of the subject S. Specifically, this method obtains the shape and depth of the object S from the distortion of the pattern.
- the light receiving unit 56 for example, a global shutter type IR (Infrared: infrared) light receiving unit is used.
- the distance measuring unit 58a controls the driving unit 52 so that the light emitting unit 51 emits pattern light, and detects pattern distortion in the image signal obtained through the signal processing unit 57. , to calculate the distance based on how the pattern is distorted.
- the ToF method measures the distance to the object by detecting the flight time (time difference) of the light emitted from the light emitting unit 51 and reflected by the object until it reaches the light receiving unit 56. It is a method to
- the distance measuring unit 58a calculates the time difference between the light emitted by the light emitting unit 51 and the light received by the light receiving unit 56 from the time when the light is emitted from the light emitting unit 51 to the time when the light is received by the light receiving unit 56, based on the signal input via the signal processing unit 57. and the speed of light.
- a light receiving unit capable of receiving IR is used as the light receiving unit 56 .
- the technology (the present technology) according to the present disclosure can be applied to various products.
- the technology according to the present disclosure can be realized as a device mounted on any type of moving body such as automobiles, electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, motorcycles, bicycles, personal mobility, airplanes, drones, ships, and robots. may
- FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration example of a vehicle control system, which is an example of a mobile control system to which the technology according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- a vehicle control system 12000 includes a plurality of electronic control units connected via a communication network 12001.
- the vehicle control system 12000 includes a drive system control unit 12010, a body system control unit 12020, an outside information detection unit 12030, an inside information detection unit 12040, and an integrated control unit 12050.
- a microcomputer 12051, an audio/image output unit 12052, and an in-vehicle network I/F (interface) 12053 are illustrated.
- the drive system control unit 12010 controls the operation of devices related to the drive system of the vehicle according to various programs.
- the driving system control unit 12010 includes a driving force generator for generating driving force of the vehicle such as an internal combustion engine or a driving motor, a driving force transmission mechanism for transmitting the driving force to the wheels, and a steering angle of the vehicle. It functions as a control device such as a steering mechanism to adjust and a brake device to generate braking force of the vehicle.
- the body system control unit 12020 controls the operation of various devices equipped on the vehicle body according to various programs.
- the body system control unit 12020 functions as a keyless entry system, a smart key system, a power window device, or a control device for various lamps such as headlamps, back lamps, brake lamps, winkers or fog lamps.
- the body system control unit 12020 can receive radio waves transmitted from a portable device that substitutes for a key or signals from various switches.
- the body system control unit 12020 receives the input of these radio waves or signals and controls the door lock device, power window device, lamps, etc. of the vehicle.
- the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 detects information outside the vehicle in which the vehicle control system 12000 is installed.
- the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 is connected with an imaging section 12031 .
- the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 causes the imaging unit 12031 to capture an image of the exterior of the vehicle, and receives the captured image.
- the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 may perform object detection processing or distance detection processing such as people, vehicles, obstacles, signs, or characters on the road surface based on the received image.
- the imaging unit 12031 is an optical sensor that receives light and outputs an electrical signal according to the amount of received light.
- the imaging unit 12031 can output the electric signal as an image, and can also output it as distance measurement information.
- the light received by the imaging unit 12031 may be visible light or non-visible light such as infrared rays.
- the in-vehicle information detection unit 12040 detects in-vehicle information.
- the in-vehicle information detection unit 12040 is connected to, for example, a driver state detection section 12041 that detects the state of the driver.
- the driver state detection unit 12041 includes, for example, a camera that captures an image of the driver, and the in-vehicle information detection unit 12040 detects the degree of fatigue or concentration of the driver based on the detection information input from the driver state detection unit 12041. It may be calculated, or it may be determined whether the driver is dozing off.
- the microcomputer 12051 calculates control target values for the driving force generator, the steering mechanism, or the braking device based on the information inside and outside the vehicle acquired by the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 or the vehicle interior information detection unit 12040, and controls the drive system control unit.
- a control command can be output to 12010 .
- the microcomputer 12051 realizes the functions of ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) including collision avoidance or shock mitigation, follow-up driving based on inter-vehicle distance, vehicle speed maintenance driving, vehicle collision warning, or vehicle lane deviation warning. Cooperative control can be performed for the purpose of ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) including collision avoidance or shock mitigation, follow-up driving based on inter-vehicle distance, vehicle speed maintenance driving, vehicle collision warning, or vehicle lane deviation warning. Cooperative control can be performed for the purpose of ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) including collision avoidance or shock mitigation, follow-up driving based on inter-vehicle distance, vehicle speed maintenance driving, vehicle collision warning, or vehicle
- the microcomputer 12051 controls the driving force generator, the steering mechanism, the braking device, etc. based on the information about the vehicle surroundings acquired by the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 or the vehicle interior information detection unit 12040, so that the driver's Cooperative control can be performed for the purpose of autonomous driving, etc., in which vehicles autonomously travel without depending on operation.
- the microcomputer 12051 can output a control command to the body system control unit 12020 based on the information outside the vehicle acquired by the information detection unit 12030 outside the vehicle.
- the microcomputer 12051 controls the headlamps according to the position of the preceding vehicle or the oncoming vehicle detected by the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030, and performs cooperative control aimed at anti-glare such as switching from high beam to low beam. It can be carried out.
- the audio/image output unit 12052 transmits at least one of audio and/or image output signals to an output device capable of visually or audibly notifying the passengers of the vehicle or the outside of the vehicle.
- an audio speaker 12061, a display unit 12062, and an instrument panel 12063 are illustrated as output devices.
- the display unit 12062 may include at least one of an on-board display and a head-up display, for example.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example of the installation position of the imaging unit 12031.
- the vehicle 12100 has imaging units 12101, 12102, 12103, 12104, and 12105 as the imaging unit 12031.
- the imaging units 12101, 12102, 12103, 12104, and 12105 are provided at positions such as the front nose of the vehicle 12100, the side mirrors, the rear bumper, the back door, and the upper part of the windshield in the vehicle interior, for example.
- An image pickup unit 12101 provided in the front nose and an image pickup unit 12105 provided above the windshield in the passenger compartment mainly acquire images in front of the vehicle 12100 .
- Imaging units 12102 and 12103 provided in the side mirrors mainly acquire side images of the vehicle 12100 .
- An imaging unit 12104 provided in the rear bumper or back door mainly acquires an image behind the vehicle 12100 .
- Forward images acquired by the imaging units 12101 and 12105 are mainly used for detecting preceding vehicles, pedestrians, obstacles, traffic lights, traffic signs, lanes, and the like.
- FIG. 21 shows an example of the imaging range of the imaging units 12101 to 12104.
- the imaging range 12111 indicates the imaging range of the imaging unit 12101 provided in the front nose
- the imaging ranges 12112 and 12113 indicate the imaging ranges of the imaging units 12102 and 12103 provided in the side mirrors, respectively
- the imaging range 12114 The imaging range of an imaging unit 12104 provided on the rear bumper or back door is shown. For example, by superimposing the image data captured by the imaging units 12101 to 12104, a bird's-eye view image of the vehicle 12100 viewed from above can be obtained.
- At least one of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 may have a function of acquiring distance information.
- at least one of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 may be a stereo camera composed of a plurality of imaging elements, or may be an imaging element having pixels for phase difference detection.
- the microcomputer 12051 determines the distance to each three-dimensional object within the imaging ranges 12111 to 12114 and changes in this distance over time (relative velocity with respect to the vehicle 12100). , it is possible to extract, as the preceding vehicle, the closest three-dimensional object on the course of the vehicle 12100, which runs at a predetermined speed (for example, 0 km/h or more) in substantially the same direction as the vehicle 12100. can. Furthermore, the microcomputer 12051 can set the inter-vehicle distance to be secured in advance in front of the preceding vehicle, and perform automatic brake control (including following stop control) and automatic acceleration control (including following start control). In this way, cooperative control can be performed for the purpose of automatic driving in which the vehicle runs autonomously without relying on the operation of the driver.
- automatic brake control including following stop control
- automatic acceleration control including following start control
- the microcomputer 12051 converts three-dimensional object data related to three-dimensional objects to other three-dimensional objects such as motorcycles, ordinary vehicles, large vehicles, pedestrians, and utility poles. It can be classified and extracted and used for automatic avoidance of obstacles. For example, the microcomputer 12051 distinguishes obstacles around the vehicle 12100 into those that are visible to the driver of the vehicle 12100 and those that are difficult to see. Then, the microcomputer 12051 judges the collision risk indicating the degree of danger of collision with each obstacle, and when the collision risk is equal to or higher than the set value and there is a possibility of collision, an audio speaker 12061 and a display unit 12062 are displayed. By outputting an alarm to the driver via the drive system control unit 12010 and performing forced deceleration and avoidance steering via the drive system control unit 12010, driving support for collision avoidance can be performed.
- At least one of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 may be an infrared camera that detects infrared rays.
- the microcomputer 12051 can recognize a pedestrian by determining whether or not the pedestrian exists in the captured images of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 .
- recognition of a pedestrian is performed by, for example, a procedure for extracting feature points in images captured by the imaging units 12101 to 12104 as infrared cameras, and performing pattern matching processing on a series of feature points indicating the outline of an object to determine whether or not the pedestrian is a pedestrian.
- the audio image output unit 12052 outputs a rectangular outline for emphasis to the recognized pedestrian. is superimposed on the display unit 12062 . Also, the audio/image output unit 12052 may control the display unit 12062 to display an icon or the like indicating a pedestrian at a desired position.
- the technology according to the present disclosure can be applied to, for example, the imaging unit 12031 among the configurations described above.
- the light emitting device 1 according to the present disclosure may be provided together with the imaging unit 12031 .
- this technique can take the following structures. (1) a first substrate having a light emitting element; a second substrate bonded to the surface opposite to the light emitting surface of the light emitting element; The first substrate is a first conductive layer laminated on the opposite surface side of the light emitting element; a second conductive layer laminated on the first conductive layer for reflecting light emitted from the light emitting element to the opposite surface; a third conductive layer laminated on the second conductive layer and bonded to the second substrate via a bonding member; and an insulating layer stacked on the third conductive layer so as to cover at least end portions of the stacked second conductive layer and the third conductive layer.
- the second region is arranged from a position closer to the center of the surface of the third conductive layer facing the second substrate than the position overlapping the first conductive layer when viewed in the stacking direction to the edge.
- the light emitting device according to (3) According to (3), the thickness of the insulating layer in the second region is substantially uniform from the center side to the end side of the surface of the third conductive layer facing the second substrate.
- the first conductive layer is arranged in a ring shape so as to surround at least part of a region through which light emitted by the light emitting element passes;
- the second conductive layer is arranged to cover the entire area of the first conductive layer including the area through which the light passes,
- the first conductive layer is interrupted in at least one location in the ring direction.
- the light emitting element is a mesa structure;
- the first conductive layer is a contact electrode electrically connected to the electrode on the opposite side of the light emitting element;
- the second conductive layer is a reflective electrode that reflects light emitted from the light emitting element to the opposite surface side,
- the light-emitting device according to any one of (1) to (14), wherein the third conductive layer is a pad electrode that bonds the first substrate to the second substrate via the bonding member.
- the first substrate is a reflective layer laminated on the opposite surface side of the light emitting element; a first conductive layer laminated around the reflective layer on the opposite surface side of the light emitting element; a second conductive layer laminated on the reflective layer and the first conductive layer and reflecting light emitted from the light emitting element to the opposite surface; a third conductive layer laminated on the second conductive layer and bonded to the second substrate via a bonding member; and an insulating layer stacked on the third conductive layer so as to overlap at least a portion of the reflective layer when viewed from the normal direction of the opposite surface of the light emitting element.
- the insulating layer is laminated on the third conductive layer so as to overlap the entire outer peripheral side of the reflective layer when viewed from the normal direction of the opposite surface of the light emitting element, ( 16) The light-emitting device as described in 16).
- the reflective layer has at least one protrusion projecting outward from the outer peripheral portion of the reflective layer when viewed from the normal direction of the opposite surface of the light emitting element;
- a light-emitting device having a light-emitting element; a light receiving element; a distance measuring unit that measures the distance to the object based on the light emission signal and the light reception signal of the light receiving element when the light emission signal of the light emitting element is reflected by the object and is received by the light receiving element;
- the light emitting device comprises: a first substrate having the light emitting element; a second substrate bonded to the surface opposite to the light emitting surface of the light emitting element;
- the first substrate is a first conductive layer laminated on the opposite surface side of the light emitting element; a second conductive layer laminated on the first conductive layer for reflecting light emitted from the light emitting element to the opposite surface; a third conductive layer laminated on the second conductive layer and bonded to the second substrate via a bonding member; and an insulating layer stacked on the third conductive layer so as to cover at least an end portion of the third conductive layer.
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Abstract
Description
前記発光素子の発光面とは反対の面側に接合される第2基板と、を備え、
前記第1基板は、
前記発光素子の前記反対の面側に積層される第1導電層と、
前記第1導電層に積層され、前記発光素子から前記反対の面側に出射された光を反射させる第2導電層と、
前記第2導電層に積層され、接合部材を介して前記第2基板に接合される第3導電層と、
積層された前記第2導電層及び前記第3導電層の端部を少なくとも覆うように前記第3導電層に積層される絶縁層と、を有する、発光装置が提供される。
前記接合部材と接触される第1領域と、
前記第1領域の外側に配置され、前記絶縁層で覆われる第2領域と、を有してもよい。
前記第2導電層は、前記光が通過する領域を含めて前記第1導電層の全域を覆うように配置され、
前記第3導電層は、前記第2導電層の全域を覆うように配置されてもよい。
前記第1基板は、複数の前記発光素子を有してもよい。
前記第2導電層は、前記発光素子から前記反対の面側に出射された光を反射させる反射電極であり、
前記第3導電層は、前記接合部材を介して前記第1基板を前記第2基板に接合させるパッド電極であってもよい。
前記発光素子の発光面とは反対の面側に接合される第2基板と、を備え、
前記第1基板は、
前記発光素子の前記反対の面側に積層される反射層と、
前記発光素子の前記反対の面側の前記反射層の周囲に積層される第1導電層と、
前記反射層及び前記第1導電層に積層され、前記発光素子から前記反対の面側に出射された光を反射させる第2導電層と、
前記第2導電層に積層され、接合部材を介して前記第2基板に接合される第3導電層と、
前記発光素子の前記反対の面の法線方向から平面視したときに、前記反射層の少なくとも一部と重なり合うように前記第3導電層に積層される絶縁層と、を有する、発光装置が提供される。
前記絶縁層は、前記発光素子の前記反対の面の法線方向から平面視したときに、前記突起部と重なり合うように前記第3導電層に積層されてもよい。
受光素子と、
前記発光素子の発光信号が対象物で反射されて前記受光素子で受光されたときに、前記発光信号と前記受光素子の受光信号とに基づいて前記対象物までの距離を計測する距離計測部と、を備え
前記発光装置は、
前記発光素子を有する第1基板と、
前記発光素子の発光面とは反対の面側に接合される第2基板と、を備え、
前記第1基板は、
前記発光素子の前記反対の面側に積層される第1導電層と、
前記第1導電層に積層され、前記発光素子から前記反対の面側に出射された光を反射させる第2導電層と、
前記第2導電層に積層され、接合部材を介して前記第2基板に接合される第3導電層と、
前記第3導電層の端部を少なくとも覆うように前記第3導電層に積層される絶縁層と、を有する、測距装置が提供される。
図1は第1の実施形態による発光装置1の概略構成を示す模式的な断面図である。図1に示すように、本実施形態による発光装置1は、実装基板2上に、放熱基板3を介してLDD基板(第1基板)4を配置し、LDD基板4上にLD(Laser Diode)チップ(第2基板)5を配置している。LDD基板4とLDチップ5とは、半田を含む接合層6で接合されている。LDD基板4は、接合層6を介してLDチップ5内の発光素子を駆動する駆動信号を出力する。LDチップ5は発光素子を有する。発光素子は、LDD基板4からの駆動信号に応じて、所定波長帯域のレーザ光を発光する。LDチップ5から発光されたレーザ光は、補正レンズ7を介して外部に放射される。補正レンズ7は、レンズ保持部8で保持されている。なお、補正レンズ7は必須の部材ではないため、省略してもよい。
図9A~図9Hは本実施形態によるLDD基板4の製造工程を示す工程断面図である。まず、図9Aに示すように、第1基板25の第1面S1上に第1パッド21を形成し、第1パッド21を覆うように第1面S1上に絶縁膜26を形成する。第1基板25は、例えばシリコン基板である。絶縁膜26は、第1パッド21を保護するとともに、隣接する第1パッド21同士の短絡を防止するために設けられている。絶縁膜26は、有機絶縁膜でもよいし、無機絶縁膜でもよい。有機絶縁膜の材料は、例えばポリイミドやポリマーなどである。無機絶縁膜の材料は、例えばSiO2やSiNなどである。
次に、LDチップ5側の製造工程を説明する。図10A~図10Cは本実施形態によるLDチップ5の製造工程を示す工程断面図である。図10Aに示すように、LDチップ5の基板上には、メサ構造の複数の発光素子13が形成されている。各発光素子13は、上述したように積層膜12で形成されている。図10Aの工程では、基板側から見て各発光素子13の上面(図10Aの発光素子13の底面)にアノード電極14として機能する第2パッド14を形成する。第2パッド14は、例えばTi/Pt/Auの積層膜である。Ti層は、発光素子13を構成する積層膜12と接続する際のバリア層である。Pt層は、Au層に対するバリア層である。Au層は、第2パッド14の表面を酸化させないようにする酸化防止層として機能する。Ti層は、例えば50~200nmの膜厚を有する。Pt層は、例えば100~500nmの膜厚を有する。Au層は、例えば50~300nmの膜厚を有する。Au層は、第1パッド21の表面の酸化を抑制するのには有効であるが、Au層が厚すぎると、Auが接合層6に拡散してボイドの要因になるため、Au層の膜厚は制御する必要がある。
図11A~図11Cは、個片化された各発光素子13をLDD基板4に接合する工程をより詳細に示す製造工程図である。LDD基板4はウエハのサイズを有する。LDチップ5側は、1個又は複数個の発光素子13を単位として個片化されている。このため、図11A~図11Cは、LDD基板4上にLDチップ5をCoW(Chip on Wafer)接続するものである。
第2の実施形態による発光装置は、発光素子の上に配置される誘電体多層ミラーの剥離等を防止することを特徴とする。
図18は第1又は第2の実施形態に係る発光装置1(1a、1b)の一実装例としての測距装置40の構成例を示している。
本例では、温度検出部59により検出された温度の情報は駆動部52に供給され、これにより駆動部52は該温度の情報に基づいて発光部51の駆動を行うことが可能とされる。
測距装置40における測距手法としては、例えばSTL(Structured Light:構造化光)方式やToF(Time of Flight:光飛行時間)方式による測距手法を採用することができる。
ここでは、壁Wとその前に配置された箱BXとが被写体Sとされ、該被写体Sに対してパターン光Lpが照射された例としている。図中の「G」は受光部56による画角を模式的に表している。
本開示に係る技術(本技術)は、様々な製品へ応用することができる。例えば、本開示に係る技術は、自動車、電気自動車、ハイブリッド電気自動車、自動二輪車、自転車、パーソナルモビリティ、飛行機、ドローン、船舶、ロボット等のいずれかの種類の移動体に搭載される装置として実現されてもよい。
(1)発光素子を有する第1基板と、
前記発光素子の発光面とは反対の面側に接合される第2基板と、を備え、
前記第1基板は、
前記発光素子の前記反対の面側に積層される第1導電層と、
前記第1導電層に積層され、前記発光素子から前記反対の面側に出射された光を反射させる第2導電層と、
前記第2導電層に積層され、接合部材を介して前記第2基板に接合される第3導電層と、
積層された前記第2導電層及び前記第3導電層の端部を少なくとも覆うように前記第3導電層に積層される絶縁層と、を有する、発光装置。
(2)前記絶縁層は、前記端部から前記第3導電層の上面の少なくとも一部を覆うように配置される、(1)に記載の発光装置。
(3)前記第3導電層の前記第2基板に対向する面は、
前記接合部材と接触される第1領域と、
前記第1領域の外側に配置され、前記絶縁層で覆われる第2領域と、を有する、(1)に記載の発光装置。
(4)前記第2領域は、積層方向から見て前記第1導電層と重なる位置から前記端部まで配置される、(3)に記載の発光装置。
(5)前記第2領域は、積層方向から見て前記第1導電層と重なる位置よりも前記第3導電層の前記第2基板に対向する面の中央部側の位置から前記端部まで配置される、(3)に記載の発光装置。
(6)前記第2領域における前記絶縁層の厚さは、前記第3導電層の前記第2基板に対向する面の中央部側から端部側にかけて略均一である、(3)に記載の発光装置。
(7)前記第2領域における前記絶縁層の厚さは、前記第3導電層の前記第2基板に対向する面の中央部側から端部側にかけて変化する、(3)に記載の発光装置。
(8)前記第2領域における前記絶縁層の厚さは、前記第3導電層の前記第2基板に対向する面の中央部側より端部側の方が厚い、(7)に記載の発光装置。
(9)前記第2基板は、前記発光素子の発光を制御する駆動回路を有する、(1)乃至(8)のいずれか一項に記載の発光装置。
(10)受光部を備える、(1)乃至(9)のいずれか一項に記載の発光装置。
(11)前記第2基板は、前記発光素子に電圧レベルが固定の所定の電圧を供給する電圧供給部を有する、(1)乃至(8)のいずれか一項に記載の発光装置。
(12)前記第1導電層は、前記発光素子で発光された光が通過する領域の少なくとも一部を取り囲むように環形状に配置され、
前記第2導電層は、前記光が通過する領域を含めて前記第1導電層の全域を覆うように配置され、
前記第3導電層は、前記第2導電層の全域を覆うように配置される、(1)乃至(11)のいずれか一項に記載の発光装置。
(13)前記第1導電層は、環方向の少なくとも一箇所で途切れている、(12)に記載の発光装置。
(14)前記発光素子は、メサ構造体であり、
前記第1基板は、複数の前記発光素子を有する、(1)乃至(13)のいずれか一項に記載の発光装置。
(15)前記第1導電層は、前記発光素子の前記反対の面側の電極に電気的に接続されるコンタクト電極であり、
前記第2導電層は、前記発光素子から前記反対の面側に出射された光を反射させる反射電極であり、
前記第3導電層は、前記接合部材を介して前記第1基板を前記第2基板に接合させるパッド電極である、(1)乃至(14)のいずれか一項に記載の発光装置。
(16)発光素子を有する第1基板と、
前記発光素子の発光面とは反対の面側に接合される第2基板と、を備え、
前記第1基板は、
前記発光素子の前記反対の面側に積層される反射層と、
前記発光素子の前記反対の面側の前記反射層の周囲に積層される第1導電層と、
前記反射層及び前記第1導電層に積層され、前記発光素子から前記反対の面側に出射された光を反射させる第2導電層と、
前記第2導電層に積層され、接合部材を介して前記第2基板に接合される第3導電層と、
前記発光素子の前記反対の面の法線方向から平面視したときに、前記反射層の少なくとも一部と重なり合うように前記第3導電層に積層される絶縁層と、を有する、発光装置。
(17)前記絶縁層は、前記発光素子の前記反対の面の法線方向から平面視したときに、前記反射層の外周側の全域と重なり合うように前記第3導電層に積層される、(16)に記載の発光装置。
(18)前記反射層は、前記発光素子の前記反対の面の法線方向から平面視したときに、前記反射層の外周部から外側に突き出た少なくとも一つの突起部を有し、
前記絶縁層は、前記発光素子の前記反対の面の法線方向から平面視したときに、前記突起部と重なり合うように前記第3導電層に積層される、(16)に記載の発光装置。
(19)発光素子を有する発光装置と、
受光素子と、
前記発光素子の発光信号が対象物で反射されて前記受光素子で受光されたときに、前記発光信号と前記受光素子の受光信号とに基づいて前記対象物までの距離を計測する距離計測部と、を備え
前記発光装置は、
前記発光素子を有する第1基板と、
前記発光素子の発光面とは反対の面側に接合される第2基板と、を備え、
前記第1基板は、
前記発光素子の前記反対の面側に積層される第1導電層と、
前記第1導電層に積層され、前記発光素子から前記反対の面側に出射された光を反射させる第2導電層と、
前記第2導電層に積層され、接合部材を介して前記第2基板に接合される第3導電層と、
前記第3導電層の端部を少なくとも覆うように前記第3導電層に積層される絶縁層と、を有する、測距装置。
Claims (19)
- 発光素子を有する第1基板と、
前記発光素子の発光面とは反対の面側に接合される第2基板と、を備え、
前記第1基板は、
前記発光素子の前記反対の面側に積層される第1導電層と、
前記第1導電層に積層され、前記発光素子から前記反対の面側に出射された光を反射させる第2導電層と、
前記第2導電層に積層され、接合部材を介して前記第2基板に接合される第3導電層と、
積層された前記第2導電層及び前記第3導電層の端部を少なくとも覆うように前記第3導電層に積層される絶縁層と、を有する、発光装置。 - 前記絶縁層は、前記端部から前記第3導電層の上面の少なくとも一部を覆うように配置される、請求項1に記載の発光装置。
- 前記第3導電層の前記第2基板に対向する面は、
前記接合部材と接触される第1領域と、
前記第1領域の外側に配置され、前記絶縁層で覆われる第2領域と、を有する、請求項1に記載の発光装置。 - 前記第2領域は、積層方向から見て前記第1導電層と重なる位置から前記端部まで配置される、請求項3に記載の発光装置。
- 前記第2領域は、積層方向から見て前記第1導電層と重なる位置よりも前記第3導電層の前記第2基板に対向する面の中央部側の位置から前記端部まで配置される、請求項3に記載の発光装置。
- 前記第2領域における前記絶縁層の厚さは、前記第3導電層の前記第2基板に対向する面の中央部側から端部側にかけて略均一である、請求項3に記載の発光装置。
- 前記第2領域における前記絶縁層の厚さは、前記第3導電層の前記第2基板に対向する面の中央部側から端部側にかけて変化する、請求項3に記載の発光装置。
- 前記第2領域における前記絶縁層の厚さは、前記第3導電層の前記第2基板に対向する面の中央部側より端部側の方が厚い、請求項7に記載の発光装置。
- 前記第2基板は、前記発光素子の発光を制御する駆動回路を有する、請求項1に記載の発光装置。
- 受光部を備える、請求項1に記載の発光装置。
- 前記第2基板は、前記発光素子に電圧レベルが固定の所定の電圧を供給する電圧供給部を有する、請求項1に記載の発光装置。
- 前記第1導電層は、前記発光素子で発光された光が通過する領域の少なくとも一部を取り囲むように環形状に配置され、
前記第2導電層は、前記光が通過する領域を含めて前記第1導電層の全域を覆うように配置され、
前記第3導電層は、前記第2導電層の全域を覆うように配置される、請求項1に記載の発光装置。 - 前記第1導電層は、環方向の少なくとも一箇所で途切れている、請求項12に記載の発光装置。
- 前記発光素子は、メサ構造体であり、
前記第1基板は、複数の前記発光素子を有する、請求項1に記載の発光装置。 - 前記第1導電層は、前記発光素子の前記反対の面側の電極に電気的に接続されるコンタクト電極であり、
前記第2導電層は、前記発光素子から前記反対の面側に出射された光を反射させる反射電極であり、
前記第3導電層は、前記接合部材を介して前記第1基板を前記第2基板に接合させるパッド電極である、請求項1に記載の発光装置。 - 発光素子を有する第1基板と、
前記発光素子の発光面とは反対の面側に接合される第2基板と、を備え、
前記第1基板は、
前記発光素子の前記反対の面側に積層される反射層と、
前記発光素子の前記反対の面側の前記反射層の周囲に積層される第1導電層と、
前記反射層及び前記第1導電層に積層され、前記発光素子から前記反対の面側に出射された光を反射させる第2導電層と、
前記第2導電層に積層され、接合部材を介して前記第2基板に接合される第3導電層と、
前記発光素子の前記反対の面の法線方向から平面視したときに、前記反射層の少なくとも一部と重なり合うように前記第3導電層に積層される絶縁層と、を有する、発光装置。 - 前記絶縁層は、前記発光素子の前記反対の面の法線方向から平面視したときに、前記反射層の外周側の全域と重なり合うように前記第3導電層に積層される、請求項16に記載の発光装置。
- 前記反射層は、前記発光素子の前記反対の面の法線方向から平面視したときに、前記反射層の外周部から外側に突き出た少なくとも一つの突起部を有し、
前記絶縁層は、前記発光素子の前記反対の面の法線方向から平面視したときに、前記突起部と重なり合うように前記第3導電層に積層される、請求項16に記載の発光装置。 - 発光素子を有する発光装置と、
受光素子と、
前記発光素子の発光信号が対象物で反射されて前記受光素子で受光されたときに、前記発光信号と前記受光素子の受光信号とに基づいて前記対象物までの距離を計測する距離計測部と、を備え
前記発光装置は、
前記発光素子を有する第1基板と、
前記発光素子の発光面とは反対の面側に接合される第2基板と、を備え、
前記第1基板は、
前記発光素子の前記反対の面側に積層される第1導電層と、
前記第1導電層に積層され、前記発光素子から前記反対の面側に出射された光を反射させる第2導電層と、
前記第2導電層に積層され、接合部材を介して前記第2基板に接合される第3導電層と、
前記第3導電層の端部を少なくとも覆うように前記第3導電層に積層される絶縁層と、を有する、測距装置。
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| JP2003318488A (ja) * | 2002-04-24 | 2003-11-07 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 面発光レーザ装置、面発光レーザ装置を用いた光送受信器、光通信器および光通信システム |
| JP2010010712A (ja) * | 2009-10-09 | 2010-01-14 | Casio Comput Co Ltd | 測距用光源及びそれを用いた測距装置 |
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| JP2013201456A (ja) * | 2004-12-14 | 2013-10-03 | Seoul Opto Devices Co Ltd | 複数の発光セルを有する発光素子 |
| JP2015065205A (ja) * | 2013-09-24 | 2015-04-09 | スタンレー電気株式会社 | 半導体発光素子 |
| JP2016027657A (ja) * | 2012-04-25 | 2016-02-18 | 京セラ株式会社 | 受発光素子モジュールおよびこれを用いたセンサ装置 |
| JP2021141257A (ja) * | 2020-03-06 | 2021-09-16 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 発光装置およびその製造方法 |
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| RU2610339C2 (ru) | 2011-10-10 | 2017-02-09 | Конинклейке Филипс Н.В. | Способ монтажа кристаллов vcsel на кристаллодержателе |
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| JP2003318488A (ja) * | 2002-04-24 | 2003-11-07 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 面発光レーザ装置、面発光レーザ装置を用いた光送受信器、光通信器および光通信システム |
| JP2013201456A (ja) * | 2004-12-14 | 2013-10-03 | Seoul Opto Devices Co Ltd | 複数の発光セルを有する発光素子 |
| JP2011035324A (ja) * | 2009-08-05 | 2011-02-17 | Showa Denko Kk | 半導体発光素子、ランプ、電子機器および機械装置 |
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| JP2021141257A (ja) * | 2020-03-06 | 2021-09-16 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 発光装置およびその製造方法 |
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| DE112022005313T5 (de) | 2024-08-14 |
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