WO2023077953A1 - 一种抗感染的改良型载碘钛合金抗菌植入物及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗感染的改良型载碘钛合金抗菌植入物及制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2023077953A1
WO2023077953A1 PCT/CN2022/117691 CN2022117691W WO2023077953A1 WO 2023077953 A1 WO2023077953 A1 WO 2023077953A1 CN 2022117691 W CN2022117691 W CN 2022117691W WO 2023077953 A1 WO2023077953 A1 WO 2023077953A1
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iodine
titanium alloy
antibacterial
implant
improved
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French (fr)
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叶招明
叶福林
滕王锶源
方明
朱伟强
虞方磊
金晓强
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浙江大学
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    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/02—Inorganic materials
    • A61L27/04—Metals or alloys
    • A61L27/06—Titanium or titanium alloys
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/28—Materials for coating prostheses
    • A61L27/34—Macromolecular materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A61L27/54—Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A61L27/56—Porous materials, e.g. foams or sponges
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/026—Anodisation with spark discharge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/26—Anodisation of refractory metals or alloys based thereon
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/10—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing inorganic materials
    • A61L2300/106—Halogens or compounds thereof, e.g. iodine, chlorite
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/20—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing organic materials
    • A61L2300/202—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing organic materials with halogen atoms, e.g. triclosan, povidone-iodine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
    • A61L2300/40—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a specific therapeutic activity or mode of action
    • A61L2300/404—Biocides, antimicrobial agents, antiseptic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2420/00—Materials or methods for coatings medical devices
    • A61L2420/02—Methods for coating medical devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2420/00—Materials or methods for coatings medical devices
    • A61L2420/04—Coatings containing a composite material such as inorganic/organic, i.e. material comprising different phases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2420/00—Materials or methods for coatings medical devices
    • A61L2420/06—Coatings containing a mixture of two or more compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2430/00—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration
    • A61L2430/02—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration for reconstruction of bones; weight-bearing implants

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of medical biomaterials, in particular to an anti-infection improved iodine-loaded titanium alloy antibacterial implant and a preparation method.
  • Implant-associated infection is the main manifestation of deep infection. More than half of these implant-associated infections were caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. During its pathogenesis, the formation of biofilm is a key link that makes the treatment of such infections difficult. The formation of biofilms provides a protective barrier for bacteria, making them resistant to antibiotics and the body's own immune defense response. Based on the above theories, some researchers have proposed that by modifying the surface of implant materials, endowing the materials themselves with the ability to inhibit or hinder the formation of biofilms, and ultimately achieve the purpose of preventing implant-related infections.
  • Povidone-iodine is a compound of polyvinylpyrrolidine and triiodide ion, which has broad-spectrum antibacterial effect and good biological safety. Povidone-iodine is widely used in wound disinfection and wound repair and healing. In povidone-iodine, iodine forms a complex with the synthetic carrier polymer povidone, which itself has no bactericidal activity. In the aqueous medium, free iodine is released from the povidone-iodine complex into the solution and establishes an equilibrium.
  • the consumed free iodine is continuously replenished from the povidone-iodine complex to maintain the binding
  • the balance of iodine to free iodine is in a concentration- and temperature-dependent equilibrium that minimizes safety and tolerability concerns associated with skin exposure to earlier elemental iodine formulations.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an iodine-loaded titanium alloy implant and a preparation method with simplified technology to solve the problem of implant infection caused by the use of titanium alloy medical materials in the field of surgical orthopedics.
  • an anti-infection improved iodine-loaded titanium alloy antibacterial implant comprising a titanium alloy material, the surface of the titanium alloy material constructs a porous micro-nano structure, and the porous micro-nano structure Povidone-iodine is deposited on the surface of the nanostructure to form an antibacterial coating.
  • the porous micro-nano structure is a porous film structure, and the thickness of the film is in the range of 5-25 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the antibacterial coating is 10-20 ⁇ m, and the iodine content on the surface is 0.1-1 wt%.
  • a method for preparing an anti-infection improved iodine-loaded titanium alloy antibacterial implant which mainly uses electrochemical methods to impregnate the surface of micro-arc oxidation titanium alloy with iodine, including constructing a porous structure on the surface of titanium alloy, improving iodine impregnation treatment of iodine-loaded two Big steps, its specific technological process is as follows:
  • the titanium alloy substrate is immersed in an electrolytic cell for electrochemical treatment to form a porous film structure.
  • the pretreatment is mainly a step of removing impurities, and its operation process is as follows: wash the material with acetone, ethylene glycol, ultrapure water and other solutions to remove impurities, then pickle the material to remove impurities, and finally clean it ultrasonically.
  • the concentration of acetone is ⁇ 99.5%, and the concentration of ethylene glycol is ⁇ 99.5%;
  • the solution used includes: HF ( ⁇ 40%), HNO3 (65.0-68.0%), H3PO4 (85%), and the pickling time is 5-25min;
  • the material was washed in ultrapure water for 5 min/time, and circulated 3 times.
  • the electrochemical treatment is anodic oxidation or micro-arc oxidation
  • the maintenance voltage is in the range of 100-500V
  • the current frequency is 200-1000Hz
  • the temperature of the electrolyte is 10-50°C
  • the electrolytic cell solution is an acidic electrolytic cell (sulfuric acid-phosphoric acid-hydrogen peroxide-water system) or an alkaline electrolytic cell (sodium hydroxide-potassium nitrate-water system) as the electrolyte.
  • an acidic electrolytic cell sulfuric acid-phosphoric acid-hydrogen peroxide-water system
  • an alkaline electrolytic cell sodium hydroxide-potassium nitrate-water system
  • the material with the completed surface porous structure was placed in an iodine-containing solution, and the surface was impregnated with iodine by an electrochemical method, and finally washed with pure water for 3 times to remove impurities and dried.
  • electrochemical iodine modification In the operation of electrochemical iodine modification, it is required to avoid light, constant voltage 100-200V, and initial current density 0.3-1.0A/dm2.
  • the side is a pure titanium substrate, the distance between the cathode and anode is 10-20cm, and the reaction time is 2-60min; then connect the titanium base hook on the original anode side or the mesh basket to the negative pole of the power supply, and the original cathode side is a pure titanium substrate and the power supply Connect the positive electrode, and then react for 30-60 minutes under the same reaction conditions as above-mentioned voltage, initial current density, cathode-anode distance, and solution temperature, which is to complete a reaction cycle. Repeat the cycle 3-10 times, rinse the material with pure water, dry it, and sterilize it for use.
  • the iodine-containing solution is an aqueous solution containing 2-5g/L potassium iodide, 0.5-2g/L povidone-iodine and 1-8g/L beta-cyclodextrin.
  • the temperature is 10-50° C.
  • the drying time is 10-24 hours, and it is required to avoid light.
  • the present invention has the advantages that: the present invention improves the existing process of carrying iodine on the surface of the titanium alloy, so that the production process of the material is more controllable, and the antibacterial components on the surface are more stable.
  • the process is simple, the reaction conditions are suitable, and it has the advantages of high efficiency and short production cycle, and the obtained titanium alloy implant has a very significant antibacterial effect.
  • Figure 1 is the surface electron microscope characterization diagram of the improved iodine-loaded titanium alloy, in which: A. Porous substrate material after anodic oxidation; B. Improved iodine-loaded titanium alloy material (magnification is 5 hundred times); C and D are the corresponding The field of vision under a high-power microscope in the area (magnification is 20,000 times), the energy spectrum detection of the C area shows that the iodine content is 0-0.18wt%, and the energy spectrum detection of the D area shows that the iodine content is 0.37-0.63wt%.
  • Figure 3 is the test results of antibacterial properties of materials, in which: A is the control group, iodine-coated titanium alloy; B is the experimental group, titanium alloy with improved coating.
  • a kind of anti-infection improved type iodine-loaded titanium alloy antibacterial implant of the present invention and the specific implementation process of preparation method are as follows:
  • the titanium alloy base material with a roughness Ra of 0-0.4 ⁇ m was pretreated by acetone ( ⁇ 99.5%), ethylene glycol ( ⁇ 99.5%), ultrapure water, etc. After treatment, the material was pickled in a solution system containing HF ( ⁇ 40%, 20ml/L), HNO3 (65.0-68.0%, 80ml/L), H3PO4 (85%, 15ml/L) for 15min, and finally ultrasonic Wash 3 times and blow dry.
  • step 3 Put the material treated in step 2 into potassium iodide containing 3g/L (Aladdin, CAS#7681-11-0), 2.5g/L of ⁇ -cyclodextrin (McLean, CAS#7585-39- 9), in the reaction solution of 1 g/L povidone-iodine powder (Ron reagent CAS#25655-41-8).
  • the material is first fixed on the anode side, at a constant voltage of 120V, with an initial current density of 0.5A/dm2, and under dark conditions, the distance between the cathode and the anode is kept at 10-20cm, and the temperature of the reaction solution is in the range of 20-50°C, and the reaction is carried out for 5 minutes; then Exchange the positions of the cathode and anode energized joints, and then react under the above reaction conditions for 5 minutes, which is to complete a reaction cycle. Repeat the cycle 5 times, rinse the material with pure water, dry it, and sterilize it by irradiation for later use.
  • the CCK-8 experiment was carried out on the improved iodine-loaded material. From the experimental results, it can be seen that the three batches of materials in the repeated experiment had no obvious difference in cell proliferation activity in the first day and the third day of cell co-culture. Therefore, we can think that the improved iodine-loaded titanium alloy material has no obvious cytotoxicity (as shown in Figure 2, the experimental group is titanium alloy with iodine on the surface, and the control group is ordinary titanium alloy. Mesenchymal stem cells cultured on the material surface for 24h and 72h in vitro).
  • Antibacterial effect and stability test of the improved iodine-loaded material Divide the titanium alloy samples into a control group (group A) and a group B; the samples in group A were prepared according to the current existing technology for the iodine-loaded titanium alloy samples (refer to the preparation process Chinese patent literature CN 102416202A); Group B samples are prepared according to steps 1-3 to obtain improved iodine-loaded samples.
  • the samples of Group A and Group B were placed in an environment with natural light and room temperature at 20-30°C for 24h and 72h, and the obtained samples were tested for antibacterial activity. The results are shown in Figure 3.
  • the bacteria in the samples of Group B were far less than In group A, the improved iodine-carrying material had a significant antibacterial effect.

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Abstract

一种抗感染的改良型载碘钛合金抗菌植入物及制备方法，改良型载碘钛合金抗菌植入物包括钛合金材料，所述钛合金材料表面构筑多孔微纳结构，所述多孔微纳结构表面沉积附着聚维酮碘形成抗菌涂层。改良型载碘钛合金抗菌植入物的制备方法，主要运用电化学方法对微弧氧化钛合金表面进行碘浸渍，包括构建钛合金表面多孔结构、碘浸渍改良处理载碘两大步骤；利用对现有钛合金表面载碘工艺进行改良，使材料生产过程更加可控，表面抑菌成分更加稳定。该工艺简单，反应条件适宜，具有高效、生产周期短的优势，获得的钛合金植入物在抑菌方面的效果十分显著。

Description

一种抗感染的改良型载碘钛合金抗菌植入物及制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及医用生物材料技术领域，具体是指一种抗感染的改良型载碘钛合金抗菌植入物及制备方法。
背景技术
尽管骨科手术技术在过去的十来年中飞速发展，但手术部位深部组织的感染仍是医务人员必须面对的较为棘手的并发症。内植入物相关感染是深部感染的主要表现形式。这些内植入物相关的感染中，有一半以上是由表皮葡萄球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌引起的。在其发病过程中，生物膜的形成是造成此类感染治疗困难的关键环节。生物膜的形成可为细菌提供保护性屏障，令其具备抵抗抗生素和机体自身免疫防御反应的能力。基于上述理论，有学者提出通过对植入物材料的表面改性，赋予材料本身抑制或阻碍生物膜形成的能力，最终达到预防内植入物相关感染的目的。
聚维酮碘是聚乙烯吡咯烷和三碘离子的复合物，具备广谱的抗菌效果和良好的生物安全性。目前聚维酮碘被广泛用于创口的消毒与创面的修复愈合。在聚维酮碘中，碘与合成的载体聚合物聚维酮形成复合物，聚维酮本身没有杀菌活性。在水性介质中，游离碘从聚维酮碘络合物释放到溶液中并建立平衡，随着抗菌过程的持续，被消耗的游离碘不断从聚维酮碘复合物中得到补充，以维持结合碘与游离碘的平衡。聚维酮结合的碘与游离碘的比例呈浓度和温度依赖性平衡，可最大程度地减少与皮肤接触早期元素碘配方有关的安全性和耐受性问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对钛合金医用材料在外科矫形领域使用时引起的植入物感染问题，提供技术简化的载碘钛合金植入物和制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供的技术方案为：一种抗感染的改良型载碘钛合金抗菌植入物，包括钛合金材料，所述钛合金材料表面构筑多孔微纳结构，所述多孔微纳结构表面沉积附着聚维酮碘形成抗菌涂层。
作为改进，所述多孔微纳结构为多孔的薄膜结构，所述薄膜的厚度范围为5-25μm。
作为改进，所述抗菌涂层厚度为10-20μm，表面含碘量在0.1～1wt％。
一种抗感染的改良型载碘钛合金抗菌植入物的制备方法，主要运用电化学方法对微弧氧化钛合金表面进行碘浸渍，包括构建钛合金表面多孔结构、碘浸渍改良处理载碘两大步骤，其具体工艺流程如下：
钛合金表面构建多孔结构的方法：
将表面基材预处理后，将钛合金基材浸入电解池中进行电化学处理，形成多孔薄膜结构。
所述的预处理主要为除杂步骤，其操作流程为：将材料依次经丙酮、乙二醇、超纯水等溶液洗去杂质，再将材料酸洗除杂，最后超声清洗。
所述预处理过程中，丙酮浓度为≥99.5％，乙二醇浓度为≥99.5％；
所述酸洗过程中，所用溶液包含：HF(≥40％)、HNO3(65.0～68.0％)、H3PO4(85％)，酸洗时间为5-25min；
所述超声清洗过程中，将材料置于超纯水中清洗5min/次，循环3次。
所述的电化学处理为阳极氧化或微弧氧化，维持电压在100-500V的范围，电流频率为200-1000Hz，电解液温度在10-50℃
所述电解池溶液为酸性电解池(硫酸-磷酸-过氧化氢-水体系)或者碱性电解池(氢氧化钠-硝酸钾-水体系)作为电解液。例如在硫酸-磷酸-过氧化氢-水体系中。
钛合金材料表面碘浸渍的改良处理方法：
将完成表面多孔结构构建的材料置于含碘溶液中，利用电化学方法进行表面碘浸渍，最后纯净水冲洗3次去杂，干燥处理。
所述电化学碘修饰的操作中，要求在避光、恒压100-200V、初始电流密度为0.3-1.0A/dm2，首先将材料置于阳极侧的钛基挂钩上或网篮内，阴极侧为纯钛基板，阴阳极之间距离为10-20cm，反应时间为2-60min；而后将原阳极侧的钛基挂钩上或网篮与电源负极连接，原阴极侧为纯钛基板与电源正极连接，再在上述相同的电压、初始电流密度、阴阳极间距及溶液温度的反应条件下反应30-60min，此为完成一个反应循环。重复3-10次循环，将材料用纯净水冲洗，吹干，灭菌待用。
所述的含碘溶液为含2-5g/L的碘化钾，0.5-2g/L的聚维酮碘，1-8g/L的β-环糊精的水溶液。
所述干燥过程中，温度为10-50℃，干燥时间为10-24h，要求避光。
本发明与现有技术相比的优点在于：本发明是利用对现有钛合金表面载碘工艺进行改良，使材料生产过程更加可控，表面抑菌成分更加稳定。该工艺简单，反应条件适宜，具有高效、生产周期短的优势，获得的钛合金植入物在抑菌方面的效果十分显著。
附图说明
图1为改良型载碘钛合金表面电镜表征图，其中：A.阳极氧化后多孔基底材料；B.改良型载碘钛合金材料(放大倍数为5百倍)；C和D分别为B中对应区域的高倍镜下视野(放大倍数为2万倍)，C区域的能谱检测显示碘含量在0-0.18wt％，D区域的能谱检测显示碘含量为0.37-0.63wt％。
图2对照组与实验组材料CCK8实验1d与3d的结果图。
图3材料抑菌性能检测结果图，其中：A为对照组，对照组碘涂层钛合金；B为实验组，改良型涂层的钛合金。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图1-3对本发明一种抗感染的改良型载碘钛合金抗菌植入物及制备方法做进一步的详细说明。
本发明一种抗感染的改良型载碘钛合金抗菌植入物及制备方法的具体实施过程如下：
1.粗糙度Ra在0-0.4μm的钛合金基材(由浙江科惠医疗器械股份有限公司提供)依次经丙酮(≥99.5％)、乙二醇(≥99.5％)、超纯水等预处理，再将材料置入含HF(≥40％，20ml/L)、HNO3(65.0～68.0％，80ml/L)、H3PO4(85％，15ml/L)的溶液体系中酸洗15min，最后超声清洗3次，吹干。
2.将步骤1处理后的材料进行阳极氧化操作，其具体步骤如下：将95.0～98.0wt％硫酸(国药集团化学试剂有限公司，CAS#7664-93-9，35ml/L)，85wt％的磷酸(aladdin，CAS#7664-38-2，25ml/L)，30-31％过氧化氢(aladdin，CAS#7722-84-1，10ml/L)溶于水中配成电解液，再将材料固定于阳极侧，阳极侧与阴极侧之间的距离为10-20cm，上述的反应条件为：电压150V，频率1000HZ，水温控制在30-50℃，反应时间为5min；最后将完成氧化操作的样品置于水溶液中超声浸洗3min，清洗操作重复3次。
3.将步骤2处理后的材料置入含3g/L的碘化钾(阿拉丁，CAS#7681-11-0)，2.5g/L的β-环糊精(麦克林，CAS#7585-39-9)，1g/L的聚维酮碘粉末(罗恩试剂CAS#25655-41-8)的反应液中。材料首先固定于阳极侧，在恒压120V，初始电流密度为0.5A/dm2，避光条件下，保持阴阳极间距为10-20cm，反应液温度在20-50℃范围，进行反应5min；然后将阴阳极通电接头位置互换，再在上述反应条件下反应5min，此为完成一个反应循环。重复5次循环，将材料用纯净水冲洗，吹干，辐照灭菌备用。
4.改良型载碘材料进行CCK-8实验，从实验结果看出重复试验的三批材料在细胞共培养的第1天和第3天均未见组内明显细胞增殖活性差异。因此，我们可以认为改良型载碘钛合金材料无明显细胞毒性(如图2所示，实验组为表面含碘元素的钛合金，对照组为普通钛合金，图示结果为人来源的骨髓间充质干细胞在材料表面24h及72h体外培养结果)。
5.改良型载碘材料抑菌效果及稳定性试验：将钛合金样片分成对照组(A组)、B组；A组样品按目前已有技术制备获得的载碘钛合金样片(制备流程参考中国专利文献CN 102416202A)；B组样品按步骤1-3步骤制备获得改良型载碘样片。将A组、B组样品置于自然光照、室温在20-30℃的环境中24h及72h，将所得的样片进行抑菌检测，所得结果如图3所示，B组样片内细菌远少于A组，改良型载碘材料抑菌效果显著。
以上对本发明及其实施方式进行了描述，这种描述没有限制性，附图中所示的也只是本发明的实施方式之一，实际的结构并不局限于此。总而言之如果本领域的普通技术人员受其启示，在不脱离本发明创造宗旨的情况下，不经创造性的设计出与该技术方案相似的结构方式及实施例，均应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种抗感染的改良型载碘钛合金抗菌植入物的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
    步骤1、在钛合金材料表面构筑多孔微纳结构；
    步骤2、通过改进的电化学处理将聚维酮碘沉积附着在多孔微纳结构表面，形成具有抑菌效果的涂层；
    所述改进的电化学处理是在避光条件下，在含碘溶液的反应液体系中利用阴阳极循环轮换实现；
    所述阴阳极循环轮换的过程为：材料首先固定于阳极侧的钛基挂钩或网篮上，在恒压100-200V，初始电流密度为0.5A/dm 2，保持阴阳极间距为10-20cm，反应液温度在10-50℃范围，进行反应2-60min；然后将连接电源正负极的导线接头互换，再在上述相同的电压、初始电流密度、阴阳极间距及溶液温度的反应条件下反应2-10min，此为完成一个反应循环；重复3-10次循环，将材料用纯净水冲洗，吹干。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种抗感染的改良型载碘钛合金抗菌植入物的制备方法，其特征在于：所述多孔微纳结构是经阳极氧化或微弧氧化处理后所形成的多孔薄膜结构，薄膜厚度范围在5-25μm。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种抗感染的改良型载碘钛合金抗菌植入物的制备方法，其特征在于：所述阳极氧化或微弧氧化处理是采用酸性电解池或者碱性电解池作为电解液，在电解液中对钛合金基材施加200-1000Hz电流，维持电压在100-500V的范围，通电时间3-6min，电解液温度在10-50℃的电解处理。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种抗感染的改良型载碘钛合金抗菌植入物的制备方法，其特征在于：所述含碘溶液为含碘化钾、聚维酮碘及β-环糊精的水溶液。
  5. 一种抗感染的改良型载碘钛合金抗菌植入物，其特征在于：所述植入物由权利要求1-4任一项所述的制备方法制作，所述植入物包括钛合金材料，所述钛合金材料表面构筑多孔微纳结构，所述多孔微纳结构表面沉积附着聚维酮碘形成抗菌涂层。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种抗感染的改良型载碘钛合金抗菌植入物，其特征在于：所述多孔微纳结构为多孔的薄膜结构，所述薄膜的厚度范围为5-25μm。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种抗感染的改良型载碘钛合金抗菌植入物，其特征在于：所述抗菌涂层厚度为10-20μm，表面含碘量在0.1～1wt％。
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