WO2023074861A1 - 吸水性樹脂組成物、吸収体、吸収性物品、及び吸収性物品からの吸水性樹脂粒子の分離処理方法 - Google Patents
吸水性樹脂組成物、吸収体、吸収性物品、及び吸収性物品からの吸水性樹脂粒子の分離処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023074861A1 WO2023074861A1 PCT/JP2022/040442 JP2022040442W WO2023074861A1 WO 2023074861 A1 WO2023074861 A1 WO 2023074861A1 JP 2022040442 W JP2022040442 W JP 2022040442W WO 2023074861 A1 WO2023074861 A1 WO 2023074861A1
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- water
- resin particles
- absorbing resin
- resin composition
- absorbent resin
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- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
- A61L15/24—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L15/46—Deodorants or malodour counteractants, e.g. to inhibit the formation of ammonia or bacteria
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- B01J20/265—Synthetic macromolecular compounds modified or post-treated polymers
- B01J20/267—Cross-linked polymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J20/28004—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28016—Particle form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/12—Powdering or granulating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/24—Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
- C08J3/245—Differential crosslinking of one polymer with one crosslinking type, e.g. surface crosslinking
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
- C08L101/12—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by physical features, e.g. anisotropy, viscosity or electrical conductivity
- C08L101/14—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by physical features, e.g. anisotropy, viscosity or electrical conductivity the macromolecular compounds being water soluble or water swellable, e.g. aqueous gels
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a water-absorbing resin composition, an absorbent, and an absorbent article, and more particularly, a water-absorbing resin that constitutes an absorbent that is suitably used for sanitary materials such as disposable diapers, sanitary napkins, and incontinence pads.
- the present invention relates to a composition, an absorbent body containing the water absorbent resin composition, an absorbent article, and a method for separating water absorbent resin particles from the absorbent article.
- water absorbent resins have been widely used in the field of sanitary materials such as disposable diapers, sanitary napkins, and incontinence pads.
- a partially neutralized salt polymer cross-linked product of acrylic acid has excellent water-absorbing ability, and the raw material acrylic acid is easily available industrially, so that the quality is constant.
- it is considered to be a preferable water-absorbing resin because it can be produced at a low cost and has many advantages such as resistance to putrefaction and deterioration.
- absorbent articles such as disposable diapers, sanitary napkins, and incontinence pads consist mainly of an absorbent body that absorbs and retains body fluids such as urine and menstrual blood excreted from the body, It is composed of a liquid-permeable surface sheet (top sheet) arranged on the side in contact with the body and a liquid-impermeable back sheet (back sheet) arranged on the opposite side in contact with the body.
- the absorber is usually composed of hydrophilic fibers such as pulp and water-absorbent resin.
- the present invention relates to a water-absorbent resin composition containing water-absorbent resin particles and activated carbon, wherein the water-absorbed gel exhibits high stability under an environment such as when the absorbent article is normally used (when worn).
- the main object is to provide a water-absorbing resin composition that can be adjusted to a strength suitable for disposal treatment (gel separation operation) by high-temperature treatment after use.
- the inventors have diligently studied to solve the above problems.
- the water-absorbent resin composition containing water-absorbent resin particles and activated carbon arranged on the surfaces of the water-absorbent resin particles, surface-crosslinked water-absorbent resin particles were used as the water-absorbent resin particles.
- the absorbent resin composition when used in an absorbent article, the water-absorbent resin composition has a water absorption capacity set within a predetermined range, and under the environment of normal use of the absorbent article, the water-absorbent resin composition is It has been found that the water-absorbed gel is stable, and that the gel strength can be adjusted to a strength suitable for disposal by treating the absorbent article under high temperature conditions for a long time after use.
- the present invention is an invention that has been completed through extensive research based on such findings.
- Section 1 including water absorbent resin particles and activated carbon arranged on the surface of the water absorbent resin particles,
- the water-absorbent resin particles are surface-crosslinked water-absorbent resin particles,
- the water-absorbing resin composition wherein the water-absorbing resin particles have a physiological saline water absorption amount of 30 to 80 g/g.
- Section 2. Item 2. The water absorbent resin composition according to Item 1, wherein the content of the activated carbon is 0.05 parts by mass or more and 1.0 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the water absorbent resin particles.
- Item 3. Item 3.
- Section 4. An absorbent body comprising the water absorbent resin composition according to any one of Items 1 to 3.
- Item 5. An absorbent article comprising the absorbent body according to Item 4.
- Item 6. A method for separating a water-absorbing resin from an absorbent article according to Item 5, comprising a step of heat-treating for 23 hours or more in an environment with a temperature of 70°C or higher and a relative humidity of 40% or higher.
- a water-absorbing resin composition containing water-absorbing resin particles and activated carbon when used in an absorbent article, under the environment of normal use of the absorbent article, the water-absorbing resin composition
- the water-absorbing resin composition To provide a water-absorbing resin composition in which the gel in which matter absorbs water is stable and the gel strength can be adjusted to a strength suitable for waste treatment by treating the absorbent article under high temperature conditions for a long time after use. be able to.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a gel strength measuring device
- the term “comprising” includes “consisting essentially of” and “consisting of”.
- (meth)acryl means “acryl or methacryl”
- (meth)acrylate means “acrylate or methacrylate”.
- water-soluble means exhibiting a solubility of 5% by mass or more in water at 25°C.
- a numerical value connected with "-" means a numerical range including the numerical values before and after "-" as lower and upper limits. If multiple lower limits and multiple upper limits are listed separately, any lower limit and upper limit can be selected and connected with "-".
- the water-absorbing resin composition of the present invention comprises water-absorbing resin particles and activated carbon disposed on the surfaces of the water-absorbing resin particles, and the water-absorbing resin particles are subjected to a surface cross-linking treatment.
- the water absorbent resin particles are characterized by having a physiological saline water absorption of 30 to 80 g/g.
- the gel absorbed by the water-absorbing resin composition is stable under the environment of normal use of the absorbent article, and after the use of the absorbent article, the gel is stable.
- the gel strength can be adjusted to a strength suitable for disposal treatment by long-term treatment under high-temperature conditions.
- the water absorbent resin composition of the present invention will be described in detail below.
- the water absorbent resin composition of the present invention has an "initial value of gel strength", which is evaluated by the method described in Examples, preferably 3700 N/m 2 or more, more preferably 3800 N/m 2 or more, and still more preferably is 4000 N/m 2 or more.
- the upper limit of the initial value of the gel strength is, for example, 6000 N/m 2 .
- the water-absorbing resin composition of the present invention is evaluated by the method described in the Examples, and the "gel strength after standing at 40 ° C. for 14 hours" is under the environment during normal use of the absorbent article. From the viewpoint of stability, it is preferably 3700 N/m 2 or more, more preferably 3800 N/m 2 or more, and still more preferably 4000 N/m 2 or more. In addition, the upper limit of the gel strength is, for example, 6000 N/m 2 .
- the water-absorbing resin composition of the present invention is evaluated by the method described in the Examples, and the "gel strength after standing at 70 ° C. for 24 hours" is preferably It is 3600 N/m 2 or less, more preferably 3500 N/m 2 or less, still more preferably 3100 N/m 2 or less.
- the median particle size of the activated carbon is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, still more preferably 20 ⁇ m or more, and preferably 500 ⁇ m or less, more preferably It is 400 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 70 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 45 ⁇ m or less and 30 ⁇ m or less. Preferred ranges include 1 to 500 ⁇ m and 10 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the median particle size (D50 (median size), volume basis) of activated carbon can be measured using a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer, and specifically, it is a value measured by the method described in Examples. be.
- the shape of the activated carbon is preferably crushed, cylindrical, or the like, and more preferably crushed.
- the BET specific surface area of the activated carbon is preferably 100 m 2 /g or more, more preferably 1000 m 2 /g or more, and preferably 3000 m 2 /g or less. , more preferably 2000 m 2 /g or less, and preferred ranges include 100 to 3000 m 2 /g, 1000 to 2000 m 2 /g, and the like.
- the BET specific surface area of activated carbon can be measured using a specific surface area measuring device, and specifically, it is a value measured by the method described in the Examples.
- the activated carbon is preferably activated carbon having a polar functional group (hydrophilic functional group) on its surface (that is, hydrophilic activated carbon).
- Polar functional groups include, for example, a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, a phenol group, and the like.
- Activated carbon having a polar functional group on its surface is commercially available as, for example, activated carbon for liquid phase, activated carbon for water treatment, and the like.
- sources of activated carbon include coconut shells, infusible or carbonized organic materials, and infusible resins such as phenolic resins.
- organic materials include polyacrylonitrile, pitch, polyvinyl alcohol, and cellulose.
- the source of activated carbon is preferably coconut shell or pitch (for example, coal pitch or cellulose pitch).
- the content of activated carbon in the water absorbent resin composition of the present invention is preferably 0.05 parts by mass or more, more preferably 0.05 parts by mass or more, relative to 100 parts by mass of the water absorbent resin particles. is 0.1 parts by mass or more, more preferably 0.2 parts by mass or more, preferably 1.0 parts by mass or less, more preferably 0.5 parts by mass or less, and still more preferably 0.4 parts by mass or less , Preferred ranges are 0.05 to 1.0 parts by mass, 0.1 to 0.5 parts by mass, and the like.
- the iodine adsorption amount of activated carbon is preferably 100 mg/g or more, more preferably 500 mg/g or more, and preferably 3000 mg/g or less, more preferably 2000 mg/g or less, and preferred ranges include 100 to 3000 mg/g and 500 to 2000 mg/g.
- the iodine adsorption amount of activated carbon is a value measured in accordance with JIS K1474:2014.
- the weight loss on drying of activated carbon is preferably 0.1% or more, more preferably 0.5% or more, and preferably 5% or less, more preferably It is 3% or less, and preferable ranges include 0.1 to 5% and 0.5 to 3%.
- the loss on drying of activated carbon is a value measured in accordance with JIS K1474:2014.
- the pH of the activated carbon is preferably 3 or more, more preferably 4 or more or 5 or more, and is preferably 11 or less, more preferably 9 or less, Preferred ranges include 3 to 11, 4 to 9, 5 to 9, and the like.
- the pH of activated carbon is a value measured according to JIS K1474:2014.
- the activated carbon is preferably arranged on the surface of the water absorbent resin particles (that is, the activated carbon is present on the surface of the water absorbent resin particles).
- the activated carbon adheres to the surface of the water-absorbing resin particles, and the activated carbon can be arranged on the surface of the water-absorbing resin particles. can.
- the water-absorbing resin particles contained in the water-absorbing resin composition of the present invention are obtained by cross-linking a polymer of water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers, that is, structural units derived from water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers. It is composed of a crosslinked polymer with
- the water-absorbent resin particles of the present invention are surface-crosslinked water-absorbent resin particles that have undergone surface cross-linking treatment.
- the water-absorbent resin particles have a physiological saline water absorption of 30 to 80 g/g.
- the water absorbent resin composition of the present invention by using such specific water absorbent resin particles together with activated carbon, when used in an absorbent article, under the environment during normal use of the absorbent article, the water absorption The gel in which the elastic resin composition absorbs water is stable, and the gel strength can be adjusted to a strength suitable for disposal by treating the absorbent article under high temperature conditions for a long time after use.
- a specific method for the surface cross-linking treatment of the surface-crosslinked water-absorbent resin particles used in the present invention will be described later in ⁇ Surface cross-linking step>.
- the water-absorbent resin particles preferably have a physiological saline water absorption of 30 g/g or more, more preferably 50 g/g or more, and still more preferably 60 g/g or more, Also, it is preferably 80 g/g or less, more preferably 70 g/g or less, still more preferably 65 g/g or less.
- the physiological saline water absorption amount of the water-absorbing resin particles under a load of 4.14 kPa is preferably 10 ml/g or more, more preferably 13 ml/g or more, and more preferably 13 ml/g or more. It is preferably 15 ml/g or more, more preferably 40 ml/g or less, more preferably 35 ml/g or less, still more preferably 30 ml/g or less, and the preferred range is 15 to 30 ml/g.
- the physiological saline water retention capacity of the water-absorbing resin particles and the physiological saline water absorption capacity under a load of 4.14 kPa are values measured by the method described in Examples.
- the BET specific surface area of the water-absorbing resin particles is preferably 0.01 m 2 /g or more, more preferably 0.02 m 2 /g or more, and It is preferably 0.150 m 2 /g or less, more preferably 0.05 m 2 / g or less. is mentioned.
- the BET specific surface area of the water-absorbing resin particles can be measured using a specific surface area measuring device, and specifically, it is a value measured by the method described in Examples.
- the water absorbent resin is usually particulate.
- the median particle diameter of the water-absorbing resin particles is 150 ⁇ m or more, 200 ⁇ m or more, 240 ⁇ m or more, 260 ⁇ m or more, or 280 ⁇ m or more from the viewpoint of suitably exhibiting the effects of the present invention while avoiding local absorption in the absorbent article. , or preferably 300 ⁇ m or more.
- the median particle size is preferably 850 ⁇ m or less, 600 ⁇ m or less, 550 ⁇ m or less, 500 ⁇ m or less, 450 ⁇ m or less, or 400 ⁇ m or less from the viewpoint of suitably exhibiting the effects of the present invention while making the feel of the absorbent article comfortable. .
- the median particle size is preferably 150 to 850 ⁇ m, more preferably 200 to 600 ⁇ m, even more preferably 240 to 500 ⁇ m, even more preferably 280 to 450 ⁇ m, further preferably 300 to 400 ⁇ m. It is even more preferable to have
- the water-absorbent resin composition of the present invention also preferably has a median particle size of 150 to 850 ⁇ m, more preferably 200 to 600 ⁇ m, even more preferably 240 to 500 ⁇ m, further preferably 280 to 450 ⁇ m. and even more preferably 300 to 400 ⁇ m.
- the water-absorbent resin particles may be in the form (secondary particles) in which fine particles (primary particles) are aggregated, in addition to the form in which each is composed of a single particle.
- secondary particles fine particles
- the shape of the primary particles include a substantially spherical shape, an irregular crushed shape, and a plate shape.
- a substantially spherical single particle having a smooth surface shape such as a perfect sphere, an ellipsoid, or the like may be used.
- the median particle size of the water-absorbing resin particles can be measured using a JIS standard sieve, and specifically, it is a value measured by the method described in Examples.
- aqueous solution polymerization method polymerization is carried out by heating an aqueous solution of a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer while stirring it if necessary.
- reversed-phase suspension polymerization method polymerization is carried out by heating a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer in a hydrocarbon dispersion medium with stirring.
- the method for producing water-absorbent resin particles in the method for producing water-absorbent resin particles by reverse-phase suspension polymerization of a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer in a hydrocarbon dispersion medium, a radical polymerization initiator and a step of surface-crosslinking the water-containing gel obtained by the polymerization in the presence of a surface-crosslinking agent.
- an internal cross-linking agent may be added to the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer to form a hydrogel having an internal cross-linked structure.
- water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers include (meth)acrylic acid (in the present specification, "acryl” and “methacryl” are collectively referred to as “(meth)acrylic”; the same shall apply hereinafter) and Salts thereof; 2-(meth)acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and salts thereof; (meth)acrylamide, N,N-dimethyl(meth)acrylamide, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, N-methylol (meth) Nonionic monomers such as acrylamide and polyethylene glycol mono(meth)acrylate; amino groups such as N,N-diethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, N,N-diethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylate and diethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylamide Containing unsaturated monomers and
- water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers (meth)acrylic acid or a salt thereof, (meth)acrylamide, and N,N-dimethylacrylamide are preferable from the viewpoint of industrial availability. , (meth)acrylic acid and salts thereof are more preferred.
- These water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- acrylic acid and its salts are widely used as raw materials for water absorbent resin particles. It may also be used for In this case, acrylic acid and/or its salt is preferably used as a main water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer in an amount of 70 to 100 mol % based on the total water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers.
- the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer may be dispersed in a hydrocarbon dispersion medium in the form of an aqueous solution and subjected to reversed-phase suspension polymerization.
- the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer can increase the dispersion efficiency in the hydrocarbon dispersion medium by forming an aqueous solution.
- the concentration of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer in this aqueous solution is preferably in the range of 20 mass % to the saturated concentration.
- the concentration of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer is more preferably 55% by mass or less, even more preferably 50% by mass or less, and even more preferably 45% by mass or less.
- the concentration of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer is more preferably 25% by mass or more, still more preferably 28% by mass or more, and even more preferably 30% by mass or more.
- the acid group is optionally alkalinized in advance.
- Those neutralized with a neutralizing agent may also be used.
- alkaline neutralizers include alkali metal salts such as sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate; ammonia and the like.
- these alkaline neutralizers may be used in the form of an aqueous solution in order to facilitate the neutralization operation.
- the alkaline neutralizing agent mentioned above may be used independently and may be used in combination of 2 or more types.
- the degree of neutralization of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer with the alkaline neutralizing agent is 10 to 100 mol% as the degree of neutralization of all acid groups possessed by the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer. is preferred, 30 to 90 mol % is more preferred, 40 to 85 mol % is even more preferred, and 50 to 80 mol % is even more preferred.
- radical polymerization initiators added to the polymerization step include persulfates such as potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate and sodium persulfate, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, methyl isobutyl ketone peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, Peroxides such as t-butyl cumyl peroxide, t-butyl peroxyacetate, t-butyl peroxy isobutyrate, t-butyl peroxy pivalate, hydrogen peroxide, and 2,2'-azobis ( 2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, 2,2′-azobis[2-(N-phenylamidino)propane]dihydrochloride, 2,2′-azobis[2-(N-allylamidino)propane]dihydrochloride , 2,2′-azobis ⁇ 2-[1-(2-hydroxyethyl
- radical polymerization initiators potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate and 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride are preferred from the viewpoint of easy availability and handling. be done.
- These radical polymerization initiators may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the radical polymerization initiator can also be used as a redox polymerization initiator in combination with a reducing agent such as sodium sulfite, sodium hydrogen sulfite, ferrous sulfate, and L-ascorbic acid.
- the amount of the radical polymerization initiator used is, for example, 0.00005 to 0.01 mol per 1 mol of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer. By satisfying such a usage amount, rapid polymerization reaction can be avoided and the polymerization reaction can be completed in an appropriate time.
- Examples of the internal cross-linking agent include those capable of cross-linking the polymer of water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers used. Means with and without. Same below], (poly)propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, trimethylolpropane, diols such as (poly)glycerin, polyols such as triols, (meth)acrylic acid, and maleic acid , unsaturated polyesters obtained by reacting with unsaturated acids such as fumaric acid; bisacrylamides such as N,N-methylenebisacrylamide; di(meth)obtained by reacting polyepoxide with (meth)acrylic acid ) Acrylic acid esters or tri(meth)acrylic acid esters; di(meth)acrylic acid carbamyl esters obtained by reacting polyisocyanates such as tolylene diisocyanate and hexamethylene
- a polyglycidyl compound more preferably a diglycidyl ether compound, such as (poly)ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, (poly)propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, (poly)glycerin. Preference is given to using diglycidyl ethers.
- diglycidyl ethers Preference is given to using diglycidyl ethers.
- the amount of the internal cross-linking agent used is preferably 0.000001 to 0.02 mol, more preferably 0.00001 to 0.01 mol, per 1 mol of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer. It is more preferably 0.00001 to 0.005 mol, even more preferably 0.00005 to 0.002 mol.
- hydrocarbon dispersion media examples include those having 6 to 8 carbon atoms such as n-hexane, n-heptane, 2-methylhexane, 3-methylhexane, 2,3-dimethylpentane, 3-ethylpentane and n-octane.
- Aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, cyclopentane, methylcyclopentane, trans-1,2-dimethylcyclopentane, cis-1,3-dimethylcyclopentane, trans-1,3-dimethylcyclopentane aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene;
- hydrocarbon dispersion media n-hexane, n-heptane, and cyclohexane are preferably used because they are industrially readily available, stable in quality, and inexpensive.
- These hydrocarbon dispersion media may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a commercially available product such as Exsolheptane (manufactured by Exxon Mobil Co., containing 75 to 85% by mass of heptane and its isomer hydrocarbons) can also be used to obtain suitable results. be able to.
- the amount of the hydrocarbon dispersion medium used is the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the first stage. It is preferably 100 to 1,500 parts by mass, more preferably 200 to 1,400 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass.
- the reversed-phase suspension polymerization is carried out in one stage (single stage) or in multiple stages of two or more stages, and the above-described first stage polymerization is the first stage in single stage polymerization or multistage polymerization. means the polymerization reaction of (the same applies below).
- a dispersion stabilizer In the reversed-phase suspension polymerization, a dispersion stabilizer can be used to improve the dispersion stability of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the hydrocarbon dispersion medium.
- a surfactant can be used as the dispersion stabilizer.
- surfactants include sucrose fatty acid esters, polyglycerin fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene glycerin fatty acid esters, sorbitol fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitol fatty acid esters, and polyoxyethylene.
- Alkyl ethers polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene castor oil, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, alkyl allyl formaldehyde condensed polyoxyethylene ethers, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block copolymers, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropyl alkyl ethers, Using polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters, alkyl glucosides, N-alkyl gluconamides, polyoxyethylene fatty acid amides, polyoxyethylene alkylamines, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphates, polyoxyethylene alkyl allyl ether phosphates, etc. can be done.
- sorbitan fatty acid esters sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyglycerin fatty acid esters, and sucrose fatty acid esters are particularly preferred from the standpoint of dispersion stability of the monomer.
- These surfactants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the surfactant used is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, preferably 0.3 to 20 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the first stage. Parts by mass are more preferred.
- a polymeric dispersant may be used together with the surfactant described above.
- polymeric dispersants include maleic anhydride-modified polyethylene, maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene, maleic anhydride-modified ethylene-propylene copolymer, maleic anhydride-modified EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene-terpolymer), anhydrous Maleic acid-modified polybutadiene, maleic anhydride/ethylene copolymer, maleic anhydride/propylene copolymer, maleic anhydride/ethylene/propylene copolymer, maleic anhydride/butadiene copolymer, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene/propylene Copolymer, oxidized polyethylene, oxidized polypropylene, oxidized ethylene/propylene copolymer, ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer, ethyl cellulose, ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose and the like.
- maleic anhydride-modified polyethylene maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene, maleic anhydride-modified ethylene/propylene copolymer, maleic anhydride/ Ethylene copolymer, maleic anhydride/propylene copolymer, maleic anhydride/ethylene/propylene copolymer, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene/propylene copolymer, oxidized polyethylene, oxidized polypropylene, oxidized ethylene/propylene copolymer It is preferred to use polymers. These polymeric dispersants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the polymeric dispersant used is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, preferably 0.3 to 20 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the first stage. Parts by mass are more preferred.
- reverse phase suspension polymerization can be performed by adding a thickener to an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
- a thickener By adjusting the viscosity of the aqueous solution by adding a thickener in this way, it is possible to control the median particle size obtained in the reversed-phase suspension polymerization.
- thickeners examples include hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylic acid, (partially) neutralized polyacrylic acid, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide, polyethyleneimine, dextrin, sodium alginate, and polyvinyl alcohol. , polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide and the like can be used. If the stirring speed during polymerization is the same, the higher the viscosity of the aqueous solution of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer, the larger the primary particles and/or secondary particles of the obtained particles tend to be.
- reverse phase suspension polymerization for reversed-phase suspension polymerization, for example, an aqueous monomer solution containing a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer is dispersed in a hydrocarbon dispersion medium in the presence of a dispersion stabilizer.
- the dispersion stabilizer surfactant or polymer dispersant
- the dispersion stabilizer may be added before or after the addition of the aqueous monomer solution as long as it is before the polymerization reaction is started.
- Such reversed-phase suspension polymerization can be carried out in one stage or in multiple stages of two or more stages. In addition, from the viewpoint of increasing productivity, it is preferable to carry out in 2 to 3 stages.
- water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers are added to the reaction mixture obtained in the first-stage polymerization reaction.
- the monomers are added and mixed, and reversed-phase suspension polymerization in the second and subsequent stages may be carried out in the same manner as in the first stage.
- a radical polymerization initiator is added during the reversed phase suspension polymerization in each stage after the second stage.
- the reaction temperature for the polymerization reaction is 20 to 110° C. from the viewpoints of speeding up the polymerization, shortening the polymerization time, thereby improving economic efficiency, and facilitating the removal of the heat of polymerization to allow the reaction to proceed smoothly. and more preferably 40 to 90°C.
- the water-absorbing resin particles of the present invention are crosslinked by adding a surface cross-linking agent to a hydrous gel-like substance having an internal cross-linked structure obtained by polymerizing a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer. It is obtained by (surface cross-linking reaction).
- This surface cross-linking reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a surface cross-linking agent after the polymerization of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
- Examples of surface cross-linking agents include compounds having two or more reactive functional groups.
- polyols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, glycerin, polyoxyethylene glycol, polyoxypropylene glycol, polyglycerin;
- Polyglycidyl compounds such as glycidyl ether, (poly)glycerol diglycidyl ether, (poly)glycerol triglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, (poly)propylene glycol polyglycidyl ether, (poly)glycerol polyglycidyl ether; epichlorohydrin, Haloepoxy compounds such as epibromhydrin and ⁇ -methylepichlorohydrin; isocyanate compounds such as 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate and hexam
- surface cross-linking agents (poly)ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, (poly)glycerin diglycidyl ether, (poly)glycerin triglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, (poly)propylene glycol polyglycidyl ether, ( Polyglycidyl compounds such as poly)glycerol polyglycidyl ether are preferred.
- These surface cross-linking agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the surface cross-linking agent used is preferably 0.00001 to 0.01 mol, preferably 0.00005 to 0.01 mol, per 1 mol of the total amount of water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers used in the polymerization. 005 mol, more preferably 0.0001 to 0.002 mol.
- the surface cross-linking agent may be added as it is or as an aqueous solution, but if necessary, it may be added as a solution using a hydrophilic organic solvent as a solvent.
- Hydrophilic organic solvents include, for example, lower alcohols such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; ethers such as diethyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran; - amides such as dimethylformamide; sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide; These hydrophilic organic solvents may be used alone, in combination of two or more, or as a mixed solvent with water.
- the timing of addition of the surface cross-linking agent may be after almost all the polymerization reaction of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer is completed. It is preferably added in the presence of water in the range of 400 parts by mass, more preferably in the presence of water in the range of 5 to 200 parts by mass, and added in the presence of water in the range of 10 to 100 parts by mass. is more preferable, and adding in the presence of water in the range of 20 to 60 parts by mass is even more preferable.
- the amount of water means the total amount of water contained in the reaction system and water used as necessary when adding the surface cross-linking agent.
- the reaction temperature in the surface cross-linking reaction is preferably 50 to 250°C, more preferably 60 to 180°C, even more preferably 60 to 140°C, and more preferably 70 to 120°C. More preferred.
- the reaction time of the surface cross-linking reaction is preferably 1 to 300 minutes, more preferably 5 to 200 minutes.
- a drying step may be included in which water, a hydrocarbon dispersion medium, and the like are removed by distillation by applying energy such as heat from the outside.
- dehydrating the water-containing gel after reverse-phase suspension polymerization by heating the system in which the water-containing gel is dispersed in the hydrocarbon dispersion medium, the water and the hydrocarbon dispersion medium are temporarily removed from the system by azeotropic distillation. Distill off. At this time, if only the hydrocarbon dispersion medium that has been distilled off is returned into the system, continuous azeotropic distillation becomes possible.
- the temperature in the system during drying is maintained at or below the azeotropic temperature with the hydrocarbon dispersion medium, which is preferable from the viewpoint of the resin being less likely to deteriorate.
- Water and the hydrocarbon dispersion medium are subsequently distilled off to obtain water absorbent resin particles.
- the drying treatment by distillation may be performed under normal pressure or under reduced pressure. Moreover, from the viewpoint of increasing the drying efficiency, the drying may be carried out under an air stream of nitrogen or the like.
- the drying temperature is preferably 70 to 250° C., more preferably 80 to 180° C., further preferably 80 to 140° C., further preferably 90 to 130° C. is even more preferred.
- the drying temperature is preferably 40 to 160°C, more preferably 50 to 110°C.
- the above-described drying step by distillation is performed after the completion of the surface cross-linking step.
- the surface cross-linking step and the drying step may be performed simultaneously.
- the water-absorbent resin composition of the present invention may contain additives according to purposes in addition to the above-mentioned acidic compounds.
- additives include inorganic powders, surfactants, oxidizing agents, reducing agents, metal chelating agents, radical chain inhibitors, antioxidants, antibacterial agents, and the like.
- amorphous silica as an inorganic powder to 100 parts by mass of the water absorbent resin particles, the fluidity of the water absorbent resin composition can be further improved.
- the additive is preferably hydrophilic or water-soluble.
- the content of the water absorbent resin particles is preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more, and still more preferably 90% by mass. That's it.
- the water absorbent resin composition of the present invention can be produced, for example, by mixing the water absorbent resin particles and the activated carbon in a solid state.
- the water-absorbent resin composition of the present invention constitutes, for example, an absorbent body used in sanitary materials such as sanitary products and paper diapers, and is suitable for absorbent articles containing the absorbent body. Used.
- the absorbent using the water absorbent resin composition of the present invention contains the particulate water absorbent resin composition of the present invention.
- the absorber may further contain hydrophilic fibers.
- the structure of the absorber includes a sheet-like structure in which water-absorbent resin particles are fixed on a nonwoven fabric or between a plurality of nonwoven fabrics, and a particulate water-absorbent resin composition and hydrophilic fibers are mixed so as to have a uniform composition.
- a mixed dispersion obtained by the above a sandwich structure in which the particulate water absorbent resin composition is sandwiched between layered hydrophilic fibers, and a tissue wrapped around the particulate water absorbent resin composition and the hydrophilic fiber structure and the like.
- the absorber may contain other components such as heat-fusible synthetic fibers, hot-melt adhesives, and adhesive binders such as adhesive emulsions for enhancing shape retention of the absorber. .
- the content of the water absorbent resin composition in the absorbent body is preferably 5 to 100% by mass, more preferably 10 to 95% by mass, further preferably 20 to 90% by mass, and 30% by mass. Even more preferably, it is up to 80% by mass.
- Hydrophilic fibers include cellulose fibers such as cotton-like pulp, mechanical pulp, chemical pulp, and semi-chemical pulp obtained from wood, artificial cellulose fibers such as rayon and acetate, and synthetic materials such as hydrophilized polyamides, polyesters, and polyolefins. Examples include fibers made of resin.
- the average fiber length of the hydrophilic fibers is typically 0.1-10 mm, or may be 0.5-5 mm.
- An absorbent body using the particulate water absorbent resin composition of the present invention is placed between a liquid permeable sheet (top sheet) through which liquid can pass and a liquid impermeable sheet (back sheet) through which liquid cannot pass.
- the absorbent article of the present invention can be obtained by holding the absorbent article.
- the liquid permeable sheet is arranged on the side in contact with the body, and the liquid impermeable sheet is arranged on the opposite side in contact with the body.
- liquid-permeable sheets include air-through type, spunbond type, chemical bond type, needle punch type nonwoven fabrics and porous synthetic resin sheets made of fibers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyester.
- liquid-impermeable sheets include synthetic resin films made of resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride.
- the absorbent article of the present invention contains the water absorbent resin composition of the present invention.
- the gel obtained by absorbing water with the water-absorbing resin composition is stable under the environment of normal use of the absorbent article.
- the gel strength can be adjusted to a strength suitable for disposal by treating the absorbent article under high temperature conditions for a long time.
- a separation step of heat-treating for 20 hours or more in an environment with a temperature of 70°C or higher and a relative humidity of 40% or higher is performed.
- the gel strength of the water-absorbing resin particles contained in the absorbent article is adjusted to a strength suitable for disposal (that is, the gel strength is moderately reduced, and the other constituents of the absorbent article are It is adjusted to a property that is easy to separate from the material of the absorbent article), and the water absorbent resin can be preferably separated from the absorbent article.
- the temperature in the separation step is preferably 60 to 120° C., more preferably 70 to 100° C., and the relative humidity is preferably 30 to 100%, more preferably 40 to 90%.
- the time is preferably 20 hours or more, more preferably 23 hours or more, or 30 hours or more.
- the water absorbent resin particles obtained in the production examples below and the water absorbent resin compositions obtained in the examples and comparative examples were evaluated in the following various tests. Unless otherwise specified, the measurements were carried out in an environment of temperature 25 ⁇ 2° C. and humidity 50 ⁇ 10%.
- % sodium hydroxide aqueous solution 147.7 g was added dropwise to neutralize 75 mol %, then 0.092 g of hydroxyl ethyl cellulose (Sumitomo Seika Co., Ltd., HEC AW-15F) as a thickener, water-soluble radical polymerization 0.0736 g (0.272 mmol) of potassium persulfate as an agent and 0.010 g (0.057 mmol) of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether as an internal cross-linking agent were added and dissolved to prepare a first aqueous solution.
- hydroxyl ethyl cellulose Suditomo Seika Co., Ltd., HEC AW-15F
- the aqueous liquid prepared above was added to the separable flask, stirred for 10 minutes, and then added to 6.62 g of n-heptane as a surfactant in a 20 mL-vial bottle.
- HLB3 sucrose stearate Mitsubishi Kagaku Foods Co., Ltd., Ryoto Sugar Ester S-370
- a surfactant solution is further added and stirred at 550 rpm while the system is sufficiently filled with nitrogen.
- the flask was immersed in a water bath of 70° C. to raise the temperature, and polymerization was carried out for 60 minutes to obtain a first-stage polymerization slurry.
- 128.8 g (1.43 mol) of an 80.5% by mass acrylic acid aqueous solution is taken as a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer in another beaker with an internal volume of 500 mL, and cooled with ice water.
- 0.103 g (0.381 mmol) of potassium persulfate as a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator and ethylene glycol diethylene glycol as an internal cross-linking agent were added.
- 0.0117 g (0.067 mmol) of glycidyl ether was added and dissolved to prepare a second aqueous solution.
- the entire amount of the second-stage aqueous liquid was added to the first-stage polymerization slurry liquid.
- the flask was again immersed in a water bath at 70° C. to raise the temperature, and the polymerization reaction was carried out for 60 minutes to obtain a hydrous gel polymer.
- n-heptane was evaporated at 125° C. to dry, and passed through a sieve with an opening of 850 ⁇ m to obtain 222.9 g of water absorbent resin particles.
- the water-absorbent resin particles have a physiological saline water absorption of 63 g/g, a median particle diameter of 346 ⁇ m, a physiological saline water absorption of 21 ml/g under a load of 4.14 kPa, and a BET specific surface area of 0.033 m 2 /g. Met.
- the mass Wa (g) of a standard sieve with an opening of 75 ⁇ m is measured in advance, and the content of the beaker is filtered using this, and the sieve is tilted at an angle of about 30 degrees with respect to the horizontal. Excess moisture was filtered off by leaving it for 30 minutes in a tilted state.
- the mass Wb (g) of the sieve containing the swollen gel was measured, and the physiological saline water absorption capacity was calculated according to the following formula.
- Physiological saline water absorption (g/g) [Wd-We]/2.0
- Physiological saline water absorption under 4.14 kPa load was measured using a measuring apparatus outlined in FIG. The measurement was performed twice for one type of water-absorbing resin particles, and the average value was obtained.
- the measuring device comprises a burette part 1 , a clamp 3 , a conduit 5 , a pedestal 11 , a measuring table 13 and a measuring part 4 placed on the measuring table 13 .
- the burette part 1 includes a burette tube 21 with a scale, a rubber stopper 23 sealing an upper opening of the burette tube 21, a cock 22 connected to the tip of the lower part of the burette tube 21, and a lower part of the burette tube 21. It has an air introduction pipe 25 and a cock 24 connected to the .
- the burette part 1 is fixed with a clamp 3 .
- a flat plate-shaped measuring stand 13 has a through hole 13a with a diameter of 2 mm formed in its central portion, and is supported by a pedestal 11 whose height is variable. Through hole 13 a of measuring table 13 and cock 22 of burette portion 1 are connected by conduit 5 .
- the inner diameter of conduit 5 is 6 mm.
- the measurement unit 4 has a Plexiglas cylinder 31 , a polyamide mesh 32 adhered to one opening of the cylinder 31 , and a weight 33 vertically movable within the cylinder 31 .
- Cylinder 31 is placed on measuring table 13 via polyamide mesh 32 .
- the inner diameter of the cylinder 31 is 20 mm.
- the opening of the polyamide mesh 32 is 75 ⁇ m (200 meshes).
- the weight 33 has a diameter of 19 mm and a mass of 119.6 g, and can apply a load of 4.14 kPa (0.6 psi) to the water absorbent resin particles 10a uniformly arranged on the polyamide mesh 32 as described later. can.
- the cocks 22 and 24 of the burette part 1 were closed, and 0.9% by mass physiological saline adjusted to 25° C. was introduced into the burette tube 21 through the opening at the top of the burette tube 21 .
- the cocks 22 and 24 were opened.
- the interior of the conduit 5 was filled with a 0.9 mass % saline solution 50 so as not to introduce air bubbles.
- the height of the measuring table 13 was adjusted so that the height of the water surface of the 0.9 mass % saline solution reaching the inside of the through-hole 13 a was the same as the height of the upper surface of the measuring table 13 .
- the height of the water surface of the 0.9% by mass saline solution 50 in the burette tube 21 was read from the scale of the burette tube 21, and the position was taken as the zero point (read value at 0 seconds).
- 0.10 g of water-absorbing resin particles 10a are uniformly arranged on a polyamide mesh 32 in a cylinder 31, a weight 33 is arranged on the water-absorbing resin particles 10a, and the cylinder 31 is set so that its center is It was installed so as to match the conduit port in the center of the measuring table 13 .
- Decreased amount of physiological saline in burette tube 21 60 minutes after water-absorbing resin particles 10a began to absorb physiological saline from conduit 5 that is, amount of physiological saline absorbed by water-absorbing resin particles 10a
- Wc (ml) was read, and the physiological saline water absorption capacity of the water absorbent resin particles 10a under a load of 4.14 kPa was calculated according to the following formula.
- Physiological saline water absorption capacity under 4.14 kPa load (ml/g) Wc (ml)/mass of water absorbent resin particles (g)
- ⁇ BET specific surface area> The water-absorbing resin particles to be measured were passed through a sieve with an opening of 400 ⁇ m and adjusted to a particle size that can be retained on a sieve with an opening of 300 ⁇ m, and used for the measurement of the specific surface area.
- 10 g of this classified sample was dispersed in 100 g of ethanol, washed with an ultrasonic cleaner (US-103, manufactured by SND Co., Ltd.) for 5 minutes, and then filtered through a sieve with an opening of 300 ⁇ m. bottom. The same washing operation was performed two more times to obtain a sample for measurement that had been washed a total of three times. This sample was dried at 100° C. for 16 hours under the degassing conditions of heat evacuation.
- the adsorption isotherm was measured at a temperature of 77 K by a method using krypton gas as the adsorption gas with a specific surface area measuring device (AUTOSORB-1, manufactured by Quantachrome), the specific surface area was obtained from the multipoint BET plot, and the water absorption It was taken as the BET specific surface area of the resin particles.
- activated carbon A It has a BET specific surface area of 1619 m 2 /g, a median particle size of 38 ⁇ m, an ignition residue of 0.1%, a drying loss of 0.8%, an iodine adsorption amount of 1560 mg/g, a pH of 7.1, and a crushed shape.
- Activated carbon (Osaka Gas Chemicals Co., Ltd., product name: FP-3) was prepared. This was designated as activated carbon A.
- Activated carbon B It has a BET specific surface area of 1,495 m 2 /g, a median particle size of 7 ⁇ m, an ignition residue of 3.2%, a drying loss of 3.4%, an iodine adsorption amount of 1,600 mg/g, a pH of 10.2, and a crushed shape.
- a certain activated carbon (Osaka Gas Chemicals Co., Ltd., product name: FPG-1) was prepared. This was designated as activated carbon B.
- activated carbon C It has a BET specific surface area of 1445 m 2 /g, a median particle size of 456 ⁇ m, an ignition residue of 0.3%, a drying loss of 1.0%, an iodine adsorption amount of 1510 mg/g, a pH of 8.3, and a crushed shape.
- a certain activated carbon (Osaka Gas Chemicals Co., Ltd., product name: LH2c 32/60SS) was prepared. This was designated as activated carbon C.
- Activated carbon D Activated carbon C was placed in an electric mixer (IJM-M800-W, manufactured by Iris Ohyama Co., Ltd.) and pulverized for 5 minutes. Next, JIS standard sieves are combined in order of 106 ⁇ m mesh opening, 75 ⁇ m mesh opening, and a tray in order, and crushed activated carbon is put in the combined top sieve, and a low tap type shaker is used. It was shaken for 10 minutes and classified. After that, it passed through a sieve with an opening of 106 ⁇ m, and the activated carbon retained on the sieve with an opening of 75 ⁇ m was recovered. The recovered activated carbon had a median particle size of 90 ⁇ m and a BET specific surface area of 1608 m 2 /g. This was designated as activated carbon D.
- Example 1 0.1 part by mass of activated carbon A was added to 100 parts by mass of the water-absorbent resin particles obtained in Production Example 1, and the mixture was mixed for 30 minutes using a cross rotary mixer manufactured by Meiwa Industry Co., Ltd. (conditions, revolution speed 50 rpm , rotation speed of 50 rpm) to obtain a water absorbent resin composition.
- Example 2 0.3 parts by mass of activated carbon A was added to 100 parts by mass of the water-absorbing resin particles obtained in Production Example 1, and the mixture was mixed for 30 minutes using a cross rotary mixer manufactured by Meiwa Industry Co., Ltd. (conditions, number of revolutions 50 rpm, rotation speed of 50 rpm) to obtain a water absorbent resin composition.
- Example 3 0.5 parts by mass of activated carbon A was added to 100 parts by mass of the water-absorbing resin particles obtained in Production Example 1, and the mixture was mixed for 30 minutes using a cross rotary mixer manufactured by Meiwa Industry Co., Ltd. (conditions, revolution speed 50 rpm , rotation speed of 50 rpm) to obtain a water absorbent resin composition.
- Example 4 0.1 parts by mass of activated carbon B was added to 100 parts by mass of the water-absorbent resin particles obtained in Production Example 1, and the mixture was mixed for 30 minutes using a cross rotary mixer manufactured by Meiwa Industry Co., Ltd. (conditions, revolution speed 50 rpm , rotation speed of 50 rpm) to obtain a water absorbent resin composition.
- Example 5 0.1 part by mass of activated carbon C was added to 100 parts by mass of the water-absorbent resin particles obtained in Production Example 1, and the mixture was mixed for 30 minutes using a cross rotary mixer manufactured by Meiwa Industry Co., Ltd. (conditions, revolution speed 50 rpm , rotation speed of 50 rpm) to obtain a water absorbent resin composition.
- Example 6 0.1 part by mass of activated carbon D was added to 100 parts by mass of the water-absorbing resin particles obtained in Production Example 1, and the mixture was mixed for 30 minutes using a cross rotary mixer manufactured by Meiwa Industry Co., Ltd. (conditions, revolution speed 50 rpm , rotation speed of 50 rpm) to obtain a water absorbent resin composition.
- the gel strength at each temperature and after resting time was measured using an apparatus having the measurement principle shown in FIG.
- the apparatus shown in FIG. 2 comprises a support section 50a, a movable base plate 60, a drive section 70 for driving the movable base plate 60, and a measurement section 80.
- a pedestal 53 is fixed to the upper portion of a pillar 52 erected on a support base 51 .
- a movable base plate 60 is attached to the column 52 so as to move up and down.
- a measurement sample (gel) 61 can be mounted on the movable base plate 60 .
- a pulse motor 71 is mounted on the frame 53 , and by rotating a pulley 72 , the movable base plate 60 is moved up and down via a wire 73 .
- a pressure sensing shaft 84 is attached via a precision spring 82 and a connecting shaft 83 to a load cell 81 for measuring strain caused by deformation.
- the disc-equipped pressure-sensitive shaft 84 has a disc at its tip. The diameter of the disk can be changed according to the measurement conditions.
- a weight 90 can be mounted on the top of the disc-equipped pressure-sensitive shaft 84 .
- the operating principle of the device for measuring gel strength is as follows.
- a precision spring 82 is fixed to an upper load cell 81 (stress detector), and a disk-equipped pressure-sensitive shaft 84 is connected to the lower part, and a predetermined weight 90 is placed thereon and suspended vertically.
- the movable base plate 60 on which the measurement sample 61 is placed is raised at a constant speed by the rotation of the pulse motor 71 .
- a constant speed load is applied to the sample 61 through the spring 82, strain caused by deformation is measured by the load cell 81, and hardness is measured and calculated.
- the gel strength value (N/m 2 ) was measured using a Curdmeter-MAX (manufactured by Asuka Kikaku Co., Ltd., product number: ME-500), with a pressure-sensitive shaft disk of 16 mm ⁇ , a load of 400 g, a speed of 7 seconds/inch, and a viscous mode setting. , (initial value of gel strength), (gel strength after standing at 40°C for 14 hours), and (gel strength after standing at 70°C for 24 hours) under the following temperature and standing time conditions. did
- Degree of change 1 is less than 10%: Good Degree of change 1 is 10% or more: Poor
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Abstract
Description
項1. 吸水性樹脂粒子と、前記吸水性樹脂粒子の表面に配された活性炭と、を含み、
前記吸水性樹脂粒子は、表面架橋処理された吸水性樹脂粒子であり、
前記吸水性樹脂粒子は、生理食塩水吸水量が、30~80g/gである、吸水性樹脂組成物。
項2. 前記活性炭の含有量が、前記吸水性樹脂粒子100質量部に対して、0.05質量部以上1.0質量部以下である、項1に記載の吸水性樹脂組成物。
項3. 前記活性炭の中位粒子径が、1μm以上500μm以下である、項1または2に記載の吸水性樹脂組成物。
項4. 項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の吸水性樹脂組成物を含んでなる、吸収体。
項5. 項4に記載の吸収体を含んでなる、吸収性物品。
項6. 温度70℃以上、相対湿度40%以上の環境下にて23時間以上加熱処理する工程を含む、項5に記載の吸収性物品からの吸水性樹脂の分離処理方法。
本発明の吸水性樹脂組成物は、吸水性樹脂粒子と、前記吸水性樹脂粒子の表面に配された活性炭と、を含み、前記吸水性樹脂粒子は、表面架橋処理された吸水性樹脂粒子であり、前記吸水性樹脂粒子は、生理食塩水吸水量が30~80g/gであることを特徴とする。このような特徴を備える本発明の吸水性樹脂組成物は、吸収性物品の通常使用時の環境下においては、吸水性樹脂組成物が吸水したゲルは安定しており、吸収性物品の使用後に、高温条件で長時間処理することで、ゲル強度を廃棄処理に好適な強度へと調整し得る。以下、本発明の吸水性樹脂組成物について詳述する。
本発明の効果をより好適に発揮する観点から、活性炭の中位粒子径は、好ましくは1μm以上、より好ましくは10μm以上、さらに好ましくは20μm以上であり、また、好ましくは500μm以下、より好ましくは400μm以下、さらに好ましくは100μm以下、さらに好ましくは70μm以下、特に好ましくは45μm以下、30μm以下であり、好ましい範囲としては、1~500μm、10~100μmなどが挙げられる。
(吸水性樹脂粒子)
本発明の吸水性樹脂組成物に含まれる吸水性樹脂粒子は、水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体の重合物を架橋したもの、すなわち水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体に由来する構造単位を有する架橋重合体により構成されている。
[水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体]
水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体としては、例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸(本明細書においては、「アクリル」及び「メタクリル」を合わせて「(メタ)アクリル」と表記する。以下同様)及びその塩;2-(メタ)アクリルアミド-2-メチルプロパンスルホン酸及びその塩;(メタ)アクリルアミド、N,N-ジメチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、2-ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、N-メチロール(メタ)アクリルアミド、ポリエチレングリコールモノ(メタ)アクリレート等の非イオン性単量体;N,N-ジエチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート、N,N-ジエチルアミノプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、ジエチルアミノプロピル(メタ)アクリルアミド等のアミノ基含有不飽和単量体及びその4級化物等が挙げられる。これらの水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体の中でも、工業的に入手が容易であること等の観点から、(メタ)アクリル酸又はその塩、(メタ)アクリルアミド、N,N-ジメチルアクリルアミドが好ましく、(メタ)アクリル酸及びその塩がより好ましい。なお、これらの水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体は、単独で用いてもよく、2種類以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
当該重合工程に添加されるラジカル重合開始剤としては、例えば、過硫酸カリウム、過硫酸アンモニウム、過硫酸ナトリウム等の過硫酸塩類、メチルエチルケトンパーオキシド、メチルイソブチルケトンパーオキシド、ジ-t-ブチルパーオキシド、t-ブチルクミルパーオキシド、t-ブチルパーオキシアセテート、t-ブチルパーオキシイソブチレート、t-ブチルパーオキシピバレート、過酸化水素等の過酸化物類、並びに、2,2'-アゾビス(2-アミジノプロパン)2塩酸塩、2,2'-アゾビス〔2-(N-フェニルアミジノ)プロパン〕2塩酸塩、2,2'-アゾビス〔2-(N-アリルアミジノ)プロパン〕2塩酸塩、2,2'-アゾビス{2-〔1-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)-2-イミダゾリン-2-イル〕プロパン}2塩酸塩、2,2'-アゾビス{2-メチル-N-〔1,1-ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)-2-ヒドロキシエチル〕プロピオンアミド}、2,2'-アゾビス〔2-メチル-N-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)-プロピオンアミド〕、4,4'-アゾビス(4-シアノ吉草酸)等のアゾ化合物等を挙げることができる。これらのラジカル重合開始剤の中でも、入手が容易で取り扱いやすいという観点から、好ましくは、過硫酸カリウム、過硫酸アンモニウム、過硫酸ナトリウム及び2,2'-アゾビス(2-アミジノプロパン)2塩酸塩が挙げられる。これらラジカル重合開始剤は、単独で用いても、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。また、前記ラジカル重合開始剤は、亜硫酸ナトリウム、亜硫酸水素ナトリウム、硫酸第一鉄、及びL-アスコルビン酸等の還元剤と併用して、レドックス重合開始剤として用いることもできる。
内部架橋剤としては、使用する水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体の重合体を架橋できるものが挙げられ、例えば、(ポリ)エチレングリコール〔「(ポリ)」とは「ポリ」の接頭語がある場合とない場合を意味する。以下同様〕、(ポリ)プロピレングリコール、1,4-ブタンジオール、1,6-ヘキサンジオール、トリメチロールプロパン、(ポリ)グリセリン等のジオール、トリオール等のポリオール類と(メタ)アクリル酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸等の不飽和酸とを反応させて得られる不飽和ポリエステル類;N,N-メチレンビスアクリルアミド等のビスアクリルアミド類;ポリエポキシドと(メタ)アクリル酸とを反応させて得られるジ(メタ)アクリル酸エステル類又はトリ(メタ)アクリル酸エステル類;トリレンジイソシアネート、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート等のポリイソシアネートと(メタ)アクリル酸ヒドロキシエチルとを反応させて得られるジ(メタ)アクリル酸カルバミルエステル類;アリル化澱粉、アリル化セルロース、ジアリルフタレート、N,N',N''-トリアリルイソシアヌレート、ジビニルベンゼン等の重合性不飽和基を2個以上有する化合物;(ポリ)エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、(ポリ)プロピレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、(ポリ)グリセリンジグリシジルエーテル等のジグリシジル化合物、トリグリシジル化合物等のポリグリシジル化合物;エピクロルヒドリン、エピブロムヒドリン、α-メチルエピクロルヒドリン等のエピハロヒドリン化合物;2,4-トリレンジイソシアネート、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート等のイソシアネート化合物等の反応性官能基を2個以上有する化合物;3-メチル-3-オキセタンメタノール、3-エチル-3-オキセタンメタノール、3-ブチル-3-オキセタンメタノール、3-メチル-3-オキセタンエタノール、3-エチル-3-オキセタンエタノール、3-ブチル-3-オキセタンエタノール等のオキセタン化合物等が挙げられる。これらの内部架橋剤の中でも、ポリグリシジル化合物を用いることが好ましく、ジグリシジルエーテル化合物を用いることがより好ましく、(ポリ)エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、(ポリ)プロピレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、(ポリ)グリセリンジグリシジルエーテルを用いることが好ましい。これらの内部架橋剤は、単独で用いてもよく、2種類以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
炭化水素分散媒としては、例えば、n-ヘキサン、n-ヘプタン、2-メチルヘキサン、3-メチルヘキサン、2,3-ジメチルペンタン、3-エチルペンタン、n-オクタン等の炭素数6~8の脂肪族炭化水素;シクロヘキサン、メチルシクロヘキサン、シクロペンタン、メチルシクロペンタン、trans-1,2-ジメチルシクロペンタン、cis-1,3-ジメチルシクロペンタン、trans-1,3-ジメチルシクロペンタン等の脂環族炭化水素;ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン等の芳香族炭化水素等が挙げられる。これらの炭化水素分散媒の中でも、特に、工業的に入手が容易であり、品質が安定しており且つ安価である点で、n-ヘキサン、n-ヘプタン、シクロヘキサンが好適に用いられる。これらの炭化水素分散媒は、単独で用いてもよく、2種類以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。なお、炭化水素分散媒の混合物の例としては、エクソールヘプタン(エクソンモービル社製:ヘプタン及びその異性体の炭化水素75~85質量%含有)等の市販品を用いても好適な結果を得ることができる。
(界面活性剤)
逆相懸濁重合では、水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体の炭化水素分散媒中での分散安定性を向上させるために、分散安定剤を用いることもできる。その分散安定剤としては、界面活性剤を用いることができる。
また、逆相懸濁重合で用いられる分散安定剤としては、上述した界面活性剤と共に、高分子系分散剤を併せて用いてもよい。
吸水性樹脂粒子の製造方法において、所望によりその他の成分を、水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体を含む水溶液に添加して逆相懸濁重合を行うようにしてもよい。その他の成分としては、増粘剤、連鎖移動剤等の各種の添加剤を添加することができる。
逆相懸濁重合を行うにあたっては、例えば、分散安定剤の存在下に、水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体を含む単量体水溶液を、炭化水素分散媒に分散させる。このとき、重合反応を開始する前であれば、分散安定剤(界面活性剤や高分子系分散剤)の添加時期は、単量体水溶液添加の前後どちらであってもよい。
次に、本発明の吸水性樹脂粒子は、水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体を重合して得られた内部架橋構造を有する含水ゲル状物に対して、表面架橋剤を添加して架橋すること(表面架橋反応)で得られる。この表面架橋反応は、水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体の重合後以降に表面架橋剤の存在下に行うことが好ましい。このように、重合後以降に、内部架橋構造を有する含水ゲル状物に対して表面架橋反応を施すことによって、吸水性樹脂粒子の表面近傍の架橋密度を高めて、荷重下吸水能等の諸性能を高めた吸水性樹脂粒子を得ることができる。
上述した逆相懸濁重合を行った後、熱等のエネルギーを外部から加えることで、水、炭化水素分散媒等を蒸留により除去する乾燥工程を含んでいてもよい。逆相懸濁重合後の含水ゲルから脱水を行う場合、炭化水素分散媒中に含水ゲルが分散している系を加熱することで、水と炭化水素分散媒を共沸蒸留により系外に一旦留去する。このとき、留去した炭化水素分散媒のみを系内へ返送すると、連続的な共沸蒸留が可能となる。その場合、乾燥中の系内の温度が、炭化水素分散媒との共沸温度以下に維持されるため、樹脂が劣化しにくい等の観点から好ましい。引き続き、水及び炭化水素分散媒を留去することにより、吸水性樹脂粒子が得られる。この重合後における乾燥工程の処理条件を制御して脱水量を調整することにより、得られる吸水性樹脂粒子の諸性能を制御することが可能である。
本発明の吸水性樹脂組成物は、例えば、生理用品、紙オムツ等の衛生材料に用いられる吸収体を構成するものであり、前記吸収体を含む吸収性物品に好適に用いられる。
本発明の吸収性物品には、本発明の吸水性樹脂組成物が含まれている。前記の通り、本発明の吸水性樹脂組成物は、吸収性物品に利用された際、吸収性物品の通常使用時の環境下においては、吸水性樹脂組成物が吸水したゲルは安定しており、吸収性物品の使用後に、高温条件で長時間処理することで、ゲル強度を廃棄処理に好適な強度へと調整し得る。
<製造例1>
還流冷却器、滴下ロート、窒素ガス導入管、並びに、攪拌機として、翼径5cmの4枚傾斜パドル翼を2段で有する攪拌翼を備えた内径11cm、2L容の丸底円筒型セパラブルフラスコを準備した。このフラスコに、炭化水素分散媒としてn-ヘプタン293gをとり、高分子系分散剤として無水マレイン酸変性エチレン・プロピレン共重合体(三井化学株式会社、ハイワックス1105A)0.736gを添加し、攪拌しつつ80℃まで昇温して分散剤を溶解した後、50℃まで冷却した。一方、内容積300mLのビーカーに、水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体として80.5質量%のアクリル酸水溶液92.0g(1.03モル)をとり、氷水で冷却しつつ、20.9質量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液147.7gを滴下して75モル%の中和を行った後、増粘剤としてヒドロキシルエチルセルロース0.092g(住友精化株式会社、HEC AW-15F)、水溶性ラジカル重合剤として過硫酸カリウム0.0736g(0.272ミリモル)、内部架橋剤としてエチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル0.010g(0.057ミリモル)を加えて溶解し、第1段目の水性液を調製した。そして、上記にて調製した水性液をセパラブルフラスコに添加して、10分間攪拌した後、20mL-バイアル瓶中において、n-ヘプタン6.62gに界面活性剤としてHLB3のショ糖ステアリン酸エステル(三菱化学フーズ株式会社、リョートーシュガーエステルS-370)0.736gを加熱溶解した界面活性剤溶液を、さらに添加して、撹拌機の回転数を550rpmとして攪拌しながら系内を窒素で十分に置換した後、フラスコを70℃の水浴に浸漬して昇温し、重合を60分間行うことにより、第1段目の重合スラリー液を得た。
<生理食塩水吸水量>
500mL容のビーカーに、0.9質量%塩化ナトリウム水溶液(生理食塩水)500gを量り取り、3cmのスターラーバー(リング無)で600rpmで撹拌させながら、吸水性樹脂粒子2.0gをママコが発生しないように分散させた。撹拌させた状態で60分間放置し、吸水性樹脂粒子を十分に膨潤させた。その後、あらかじめ目開き75μm標準篩の質量Wa(g)を測定しておき、これを用いて、上記ビーカーの内容物をろ過し、篩を水平に対して約30度の傾斜角となるように傾けた状態で、30分間放置することにより余剰の水分をろ別した。膨潤ゲルの入った篩の質量Wb(g)を測定し、以下の式により、生理食塩水吸水能を算出した。
生理食塩水吸水量(g/g)=[Wd-We]/2.0
吸水性樹脂粒子50gを中位粒子径(粒度分布)測定用に用いた。JIS標準篩を上から、目開き850μmの篩、目開き500μmの篩、目開き425μmの篩、目開き300μmの篩、目開き250μmの篩、目開き180μmの篩、目開き150μmの篩、及び受け皿の順に組み合わせた。組み合わせた最上の篩に、吸水性樹脂粒子を入れ、ロータップ式振とう器を用いて20分間振とうさせて分級した。分級後、各篩上に残った吸水性樹脂粒子の質量を全量に対する質量百分率として算出し粒度分布を求めた。この粒度分布に関して粒子径の大きい方から順に篩上を積算することにより、篩の目開きと篩上に残った吸水性樹脂粒子の質量百分率の積算値との関係を対数確率紙にプロットした。確率紙上のプロットを直線で結ぶことにより、積算質量百分率50質量%に相当する粒子径を中位粒子径とした。
4.14kPa荷重下での生理食塩水吸水量(荷重下吸水量)は、図1に概略を示す測定装置を用いて測定した。測定は、1種の吸水性樹脂粒子について2回行い、平均値を求めた。測定装置は、ビュレット部1、クランプ3、導管5、架台11、測定台13、及び測定台13上に置かれた測定部4を備えている。ビュレット部1は、目盛が記載されたビュレット管21と、ビュレット管21の上部の開口を密栓するゴム栓23と、ビュレット管21の下部の先端に連結されたコック22と、ビュレット管21の下部に連結された空気導入管25及びコック24とを有する。ビュレット部1はクランプ3で固定されている。平板状の測定台13は、その中央部に形成された直径2mmの貫通孔13aを有しており、高さが可変の架台11によって支持されている。測定台13の貫通孔13aとビュレット部1のコック22とが導管5によって連結されている。導管5の内径は6mmである。
4.14kPa荷重下の生理食塩水吸水能(ml/g)=Wc(ml)/吸水性樹脂粒子の質量(g)
測定する吸水性樹脂粒子を、目開き400μmの篩を通過し、目開き300μmの篩上に保持される粒子径に調整したものを比表面積の測定に用いた。次に、この分級後のサンプル10gを、エタノール100gの中に分散させ、超音波洗浄機(US-103、株式会社エスエヌディ製)で5分間洗浄を行った後、目開き300μmの篩で濾別した。同様の洗浄操作をあと2回実施し、合計3回の洗浄を実施した測定用試料を得た。この試料を100℃、16時間加熱真空排気の脱気条件で乾燥した。その後、比表面積測定装置(AUTOSORB-1,カンタクローム社製)により、吸着ガスとしてクリプトンガスを用いる方法で温度77Kにて吸着等温線を測定し、多点BETプロットから比表面積を求め、吸水性樹脂粒子のBET比表面積とした。
(活性炭A)
BET比表面積が1619m2/g、中位粒子径が38μm、強熱残分0.1%、乾燥減量0.8%、ヨウ素吸着量1560mg/g、pHが7.1、形状が破砕状である、活性炭(大阪ガスケミカル株式会社、製品名:FP-3)を準備した。これを活性炭Aとした。
BET比表面積が1495m2/g、中位粒子径が7μm、強熱残分3.2%、乾燥減量3.4%、ヨウ素吸着量1600mg/g、pHが10.2、形状が破砕状である、活性炭(大阪ガスケミカル株式会社、製品名:FPG-1)を準備した。これを活性炭Bとした。
BET比表面積が1445m2/g、中位粒子径が456μm、強熱残分0.3%、乾燥減量1.0%、ヨウ素吸着量1510mg/g、pHが8.3、形状が破砕状である、活性炭(大阪ガスケミカル株式会社、製品名:LH2c 32/60SS)を準備した。これを活性炭Cとした。
活性炭Cを電動ミキサー(アイリスオーヤマ株式会社製、IJM-M800-W)に入れ、5分間粉砕した。次に、JIS標準篩を上から、目開き106μmの篩、目開き75μmの篩、及び受け皿の順を組み合わせ、組み合わせた最上段の篩に粉砕した活性炭を入れ、ロータップ式振とう器を用いて10分間振とうさせて分級した。その後、目開き106μmの篩を通過し、目開き75μmの篩上に保持された活性炭を回収した。回収した活性炭の中位粒子径は90μm、BET比表面積が1608m2/gであった。これを活性炭Dとした。
<活性炭の中位粒子径(レーザー回折)>
使用した活性炭の中位粒子径(D50(メジアン径)、体積基準)は、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(島津製作所製、SALD2300)にて測定した。
測定する活性炭0.1gを前処理装置(MicrotracBel社製、BELPREP VAC II)を用いて60℃、24時間加熱真空排気の脱気条件で乾燥した。その後、比表面積測定装置(MicrotracBel社製、BELSORP MINI II)により、吸着ガスとして窒素ガスを用いる方法で温度77Kにて吸着等温線を測定し、多点BETプロットから比表面積を求め、活性炭のBET比表面積とした。
<実施例1>
製造例1で得られた吸水性樹脂粒子100質量部に対して活性炭Aを0.1質量部添加し、明和工業株式会社製クロスロータリー混合機を用いて、30分間(条件、公転回転数50rpm、自転回転数50rpm)混合して吸水性樹脂組成物を得た。
製造例1で得られた吸水性樹脂粒子100質量部に対して活性炭Aを、0.3質量部添加し、明和工業株式会社製クロスロータリー混合機を用いて、30分間(条件、公転回転数50rpm、自転回転数50rpm)混合して吸水性樹脂組成物を得た。
製造例1で得られた吸水性樹脂粒子100質量部に対して活性炭Aを0.5質量部添加し、明和工業株式会社製クロスロータリー混合機を用いて、30分間(条件、公転回転数50rpm、自転回転数50rpm)混合して吸水性樹脂組成物を得た。
製造例1で得られた吸水性樹脂粒子100質量部に対して活性炭Bを0.1質量部添加し、明和工業株式会社製クロスロータリー混合機を用いて、30分間(条件、公転回転数50rpm、自転回転数50rpm)混合して吸水性樹脂組成物を得た。
製造例1で得られた吸水性樹脂粒子100質量部に対して活性炭Cを0.1質量部添加し、明和工業株式会社製クロスロータリー混合機を用いて、30分間(条件、公転回転数50rpm、自転回転数50rpm)混合して吸水性樹脂組成物を得た。
製造例1で得られた吸水性樹脂粒子100質量部に対して活性炭Dを0.1質量部添加し、明和工業株式会社製クロスロータリー混合機を用いて、30分間(条件、公転回転数50rpm、自転回転数50rpm)混合して吸水性樹脂組成物を得た。
製造例1で得られた吸水性樹脂粒子を比較例1として用いた。
<人工尿を吸収したゲルの試験>
人工尿を用いて、吸水性樹脂組成物が吸水したゲル(膨潤ゲル)の試験を行った。なお、以下に詳述するが、40℃で14時間静置後のゲル強度および判定は、通常使用時の安定性評価の指標とし、70℃で24時間静置後のゲル強度および判定は、廃棄処理時のゲル分離性評価の指標とした。
以下の組成の人工尿を調製した。
尿素:20.0g
塩化ナトリウム:8.0g
塩化カルシウム二水和物:0.3g
硫酸マグネシウム七水和物:0.8g
L(+)-アスコルビン酸:0.3g
イオン交換水:970.9g
内容積100mLのビーカーに、上記人工尿49.0gを量り取り、マグネチックスターラーバー(8mmφ×30mm)を投入し、マグネチックスターラー(iuchi社製:HS-30D)の上に配置し、マグネチックスターラーバーを600rpmで回転させた。次に、吸水性樹脂組成物1.00gを攪拌中のビーカー内に投入し、回転渦が消えて液面が水平になるまで攪拌を行い、測定試料となる膨潤ゲルを調製した。膨潤ゲルを調製した直後に、膨潤ゲルの入ったビーカーをラップ(三菱ケミカル株式会社製、ダイアラップ)で覆った。
各温度及び静止時間後におけるゲル強度は、それぞれ、図2に示す測定原理を有する装置を用いて測定した。図2に示す装置は、支持部50a、可動台板60、可動台板60を駆動するための駆動部70、及び測定部80から構成される。支持部50において、支持台51に立てられた支柱52の上部に架台53が固定されている。支柱52には、上下に移動するように可動台板60が取り付けられている。可動台板60は、測定試料(ゲル)61を搭載することができる。架台53上にはパルスモーター71が搭載され、プーリー72を回転させることによって、ワイヤー73を介して可動台板60を上下に移動する。測定部80において、変形により生ずる歪みを計測するためのロードセル81に、精密スプリング82及び連継軸83を介して感圧軸84が取り付けられている。ディスク付き感圧軸84は、先端にディスクを有する。測定条件により、ディスクの直径は変更することができる。ディスク付き感圧軸84の上部には重り90を搭載することができる。ゲル強度を測定する装置の作動原理は、次のとおりである。精密スプリング82を、上方のロードセル81(応力検出器)に固定し、下方にはディスク付き感圧軸84を連結して所定の重り90を乗せて垂直に懸吊してある。測定試料61を乗せた可動台板60は、パルスモーター71の回転により一定速度で上昇する。スプリング82を介して試料61に定速荷重を加え、変形により生ずる歪みをロードセル81で計測し、硬さを測定演算するものである。ゲル強度値(N/m2)は、Curdmeter-MAX(飛鳥機器製、品番:ME-500)を用いて、感圧軸のディスク16mmφ、荷重400g、スピード7秒/インチ、粘稠モード設定で、下記の(ゲル強度の初期値)、(40℃で14時間静置後のゲル強度)、及び(70℃で24時間静置後のゲル強度)の温度及び静置時間の条件でそれぞれ測定を行った。
膨潤ゲルを、調製から60分間、温度25±2℃、相対湿度50±10%の環境下で静置した後に、上述の方法によりゲル強度(ゲル強度の初期値)を測定した。
膨潤ゲルを、調製から14時間、温度40±2℃、相対湿度60±10%に設定した恒温恒湿機(エスペック株式会社製、LHU-113)内で静置した後に、上述の方法によりゲル強度を測定した。
得られたゲル強度初期値及びゲル強度14時間値から、次式により変化度1(%)を算出した。変化度1が低いほどゲル安定性が高く、変化度1の数値から以下の基準を用いてゲルの安定性の判定を行った。
変化度1(%)=[(ゲル強度初期値-ゲル強度14時間値)/ゲル強度初期値]×100
変化度1が10%未満:良好
変化度1が10%以上:不良
膨潤ゲルを、調製から24時間、温度70±2℃、相対湿度60±10%に設定した恒温恒湿機(エスペック株式会社製、LHU-113)内で静置した後に、上述の方法によりゲル強度を測定した。
得られたゲル強度初期値及びゲル強度24時間値から、次式により変化度2(%)を算出した。変化度2が大きいほどゲルが柔らかくなっており、変化度2の数値から以下の基準を用いてゲル分離操作の容易性を判定した。
変化度2(%)=[(ゲル強度初期値-ゲル強度24時間値)/ゲル強度初期値]×100
変化度2が15%未満:不良
変化度2が15%以上:良好
3 クランプ
4 測定部
5 導管
10a 吸水性樹脂粒子
11 架台
13 測定台
13a 貫通孔
15 ナイロンメッシュシート
21 ビュレット管
22 コック
23 ゴム栓
24 コック
25 空気導入管
31 円筒
32 ポリアミドメッシュ
33 重り
50 食塩水
50a 支持部
51 支持台
52 支柱
53 架台
60 可動台板
61 測定試料(ゲル)
70 駆動部
71 パルスモーター
72 プーリー
73 ワイヤー
80 測定部
81 ロードセル
82 精密スプリング
83 連継軸
84 感圧軸
90 重り
Claims (6)
- 吸水性樹脂粒子と、前記吸水性樹脂粒子の表面に配された活性炭と、を含み、
前記吸水性樹脂粒子は、表面架橋処理された吸水性樹脂粒子であり、
前記吸水性樹脂粒子は、生理食塩水吸水量が、30~80g/gである、吸水性樹脂組成物。 - 前記活性炭の含有量が、前記吸水性樹脂粒子100質量部に対して、0.05質量部以上1.0質量部以下である、請求項1に記載の吸水性樹脂組成物。
- 前記活性炭の中位粒子径が、1μm以上500μm以下である、請求項1または2に記載の吸水性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1または2に記載の吸水性樹脂組成物を含んでなる、吸収体。
- 請求項4に記載の吸収体を含んでなる、吸収性物品。
- 温度70℃以上、相対湿度40%以上の環境下にて23時間以上加熱処理する工程を含む、請求項5に記載の吸収性物品からの吸水性樹脂の分離処理方法。
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JPH11241030A (ja) * | 1998-02-24 | 1999-09-07 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | 吸水剤組成物及びそれを用いた吸収性物品 |
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