WO2023071310A1 - 一种5g毫米波基站 - Google Patents

一种5g毫米波基站 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023071310A1
WO2023071310A1 PCT/CN2022/106770 CN2022106770W WO2023071310A1 WO 2023071310 A1 WO2023071310 A1 WO 2023071310A1 CN 2022106770 W CN2022106770 W CN 2022106770W WO 2023071310 A1 WO2023071310 A1 WO 2023071310A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
optical
downlink
uplink
module
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PCT/CN2022/106770
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
范莉
杨波
袁涛
伍尚坤
钟伟东
王彪
高永振
朱继宏
高霞
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京信网络系统股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023071310A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023071310A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H04B10/2575—Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
    • H04B10/25752—Optical arrangements for wireless networks
    • H04B10/25753—Distribution optical network, e.g. between a base station and a plurality of remote units
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices
    • H04W88/085—Access point devices with remote components

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of communication technology, in particular to a 5G millimeter wave base station.
  • the base station is the basic equipment of mobile communication, and its main function is to realize the wireless signal transmission between the priority communication network and the wireless terminal.
  • the composition of the base station mainly includes the following aspects, an extension unit, a remote unit, and a remote unit.
  • the extension unit is used to expand the signal into multiple signals, and each signal is sent to a remote unit through the remote unit.
  • the remote unit after the remote unit performs gain processing on the signal, sends it to the antenna, and the antenna transmits the signal.
  • one extension unit needs to be configured with multiple remote units, and the cost of the remote units is relatively high, thus increasing the construction cost of the base station.
  • a 5G millimeter wave base station includes an extension unit, a ROF optical module, a plurality of remote units and an antenna; wherein,
  • an extension unit configured to process the baseband signal to obtain a downlink signal
  • the ROF optical module is used to convert the downlink signal into a downlink optical signal, and split the downlink optical signal to obtain multiple target downlink optical signals.
  • the remote multi-channel target downlink optical signal is restored to multiple downlink signals, and the multiple downlink signals are sent to multiple remote units;
  • Each remote unit is used to receive the downlink signal transmitted from the ROF optical module, and process the downlink signal;
  • the antenna is used to transmit the processed downlink signal.
  • a 5G millimeter wave base station includes an extension unit, a ROF optical module, a plurality of remote units and an antenna; wherein,
  • an antenna configured to send the received uplink radio frequency signal to a corresponding remote unit
  • the remote unit is used to process the received uplink radio frequency signal, obtain the uplink signal, and send the uplink signal to the ROF optical module;
  • the ROF optical module is used to transmit the uplink signal sent by each remote unit through the optical fiber, and send the uplink signal sent by each remote unit to the extension unit;
  • the expansion unit is used to combine the uplink signals transmitted by each remote unit to obtain uplink combined signals, convert the uplink combined signals into uplink electrical signals of different frequency points, and process the uplink electrical signals of different frequency points.
  • the above-mentioned 5G millimeter wave base station can reduce the cost of base station construction.
  • the 5G millimeter wave base station includes an extension unit, a ROF optical module, multiple remote units and an antenna, where the extension unit is used to process the baseband signal to obtain a downlink signal; the ROF optical module is used to convert the downlink signal into a downlink optical signal , and split the downlink optical signals to obtain multi-channel target downlink optical signals, respectively perform optical fiber pull-out on the multiple target downlink optical signals, and restore the multi-channel target downlink optical signals after optical fiber pull-out to multiple downlink signal, and send multiple downlink signals to multiple remote units; each remote unit is used to receive the downlink signal transmitted from the ROF optical module, and process the downlink signal; the antenna is used to transmit the processed downlink signal.
  • the extension unit and the remote unit perform remote transmission through a ROF optical module, and the ROF optical module splits the downlink signal, thereby reducing the usage of the ROF optical module and reducing the cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a 5G millimeter wave base station involved in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a millimeter-wave antenna involved in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a link architecture diagram of a 5G millimeter wave base station involved in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a module of an expansion unit involved in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is an architecture diagram of an extension unit involved in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a frequency allocation scheme involved in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a ROF optical module involved in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a structural diagram of an ROF optical module involved in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a module of a remote unit involved in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is an architecture diagram of a remote unit involved in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of modules of another remote unit involved in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of another ROF optical module involved in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of modules of another remote unit involved in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the composition of the base station mainly includes the following aspects, an extension unit, multiple remote units and multiple remote units, wherein the extension unit is used to expand the signal into multiple signals, each One signal is sent to a remote unit through the remote unit, and the remote unit performs gain processing on the signal and then sends it to the antenna, and the antenna transmits the signal.
  • the remote unit is generally a digital optical fiber.
  • the expansion unit is equipped with an analog-to-digital conversion module, which first converts the baseband signal into a digital signal, and then transmits the digital signal through the digital optical fiber.
  • the remote unit receives the After the digital signal, the digital signal is converted into an analog signal through the digital-to-analog conversion module provided in the remote unit, and then the analog signal is sent to the antenna.
  • the digital-to-analog conversion module provided in the remote unit consumes relatively large power consumption, which leads to a complex structure of the remote unit and increases the cost of the remote unit.
  • an ROF (English radio-over-fiber, Chinese: radio-over-fiber communication) optical module is used between the extension unit and the remote unit, that is, Optical signals are transmitted between the extension unit and the remote unit.
  • the extension unit converts the baseband signal into an analog signal and sends it to the ROF optical module.
  • the ROF optical module converts the analog signal into an optical signal, transmits the optical signal through an optical fiber, and then converts the optical signal into an analog signal to the remote unit, so that the remote unit receives an analog signal without digital-to-analog processing.
  • the digital-to-analog conversion module is removed from the remote unit, which reduces the power consumption of the remote unit on the one hand, and reduces its structural complexity on the other hand, thereby reducing the cost.
  • the output end of the extension unit is connected to multiple remote units, and each remote unit is connected to a remote unit. Since more remote units are used, the overall cost of the base station increases.
  • the extension unit outputs one signal, so only one ROF optical module is needed, and then the ROF optical module realizes the branching function. In this way, on the one hand The number of ROF optical modules is reduced, thus reducing the cost.
  • Millimeter wave communication with rich spectrum resources can significantly improve the coverage and capacity of 5G networks.
  • the realization of millimeter wave base stations for 5G communication is a key part of the communication system to achieve large system coverage capacity.
  • the key technical points that need to be solved are as follows: 1. Realize large bandwidth, such as 800MHz; 2. Have multi-channel ; Three, to achieve long-distance transmission.
  • the existing technology generally adopts the frequency band of Sub-6GHz, which cannot realize the bandwidth of 400MHz/800MHz.
  • millimeter wave signals are used for wireless relay to achieve 5G target throughput and indoor and outdoor signal transmission.
  • the problem is that the extension unit, the remote unit, and the remote unit all need to be equipped with a millimeter-wave chip suitable for millimeter-wave signal processing, and the cost of the millimeter-wave chip is high.
  • the current stage it is widely used in each base station Millimeter wave chips will greatly increase the cost of base stations.
  • the transmission of electromagnetic waves has a large attenuation, and it will suffer a very large loss when penetrating obstacles.
  • the attenuation of millimeter waves can even exceed 100dB. Therefore, directly using millimeter-wave signals to achieve signal coverage will lead to a sharp increase in the number of antennas required by the entire system, resulting in high implementation costs.
  • the microwave signal has a large loss in the atmosphere, and the bandwidth and coverage distance that wireless communication can provide are very limited.
  • the existing technology cannot realize the analog-to-digital conversion/digital-to-analog conversion equipment that can sample the millimeter-wave frequency band, and is used to convert millimeter-wave signals into optical signals or convert optical signals into optical signals.
  • the cost of millimeter-wave ROF optical modules for millimeter-wave signals is relatively high, which is not conducive to large-scale applications.
  • the extension unit in the downlink, can process the baseband signal into a Sub-6GHz frequency point located in a different frequency point of the Sub-6GHz frequency band. Signals, in which Sub-6GHz signals of different frequency points are combined through multi-channel transmission to obtain one signal, and then the ROF optical module pulls and splits one Sub-6GHz signal transmitted by the extension unit, and finally in the remote The end unit converts the Sub-6GHz signal into a millimeter wave signal, and transmits the millimeter wave signal through the millimeter wave antenna.
  • the remote unit can convert the received millimeter wave signal into a Sub-6GHz signal, and then transmit the Sub-6GHz signal to the extension unit through the ROF optical module, and the extension unit will receive the Sub-6GHz signal.
  • the signal is processed. Therefore, the 5G millimeter-wave base station provided by this application, based on the remote unit, converts the Sub-6GHz signal into a millimeter-wave signal to achieve a large bandwidth, such as 800MHz; based on the ROF optical module, the long-distance transmission of the Sub-6GHz signal is realized. Multi-channel achieved by expansion unit. A 5G millimeter-wave base station with large bandwidth, long transmission, and multiple channels is realized by using a lower-cost solution.
  • the 5G millimeter wave base station includes an extension unit 11, an ROF optical module 12, a plurality of remote units 13, and an antenna 14; wherein, the extension unit 11 is used to process baseband signals to obtain downlink signals, and The downlink signal is sent to the ROF optical module 12 .
  • the ROF optical module 12 is used to convert the downlink signal into a downlink optical signal, and perform branch processing on the downlink optical signal to obtain multiple target downlink optical signals.
  • the multi-channel target downlink optical signal of the optical fiber is restored to multiple downlink signals, and the multiple downlink signals are sent to a plurality of remote units 13; each remote unit 13 is used to receive the downlink signal transmitted from the ROF optical module 12, And process the downlink signal; the antenna 14 is used to transmit the processed downlink signal.
  • the output end of the extension unit 11 is connected to the input end of the ROF optical module 12, and the ROF optical module 12 has multiple output ends, and each output end is connected to a remote unit 13, and each remote unit 13 An antenna 14 is connected.
  • the downlink signal obtained by processing the baseband signal by the extension unit 11 is one signal, and the extension unit 11 sends the one signal to an ROF optical module 12 connected thereto.
  • the ROF optical module 12 performs branching and remote transmission on the received downlink signal, thereby distributing one downlink signal to multiple remote units 13, and each remote unit 13 processes the received downlink signal, and Send the processed downlink signal to the antenna 14 for the antenna 14 to transmit the signal. This way reduces the number of ROF optical modules 12 used, thus reducing the cost of the base station.
  • the downlink signal may be a signal located in a Sub-6GHz frequency band
  • the antenna 14 is an antenna 14 for transmitting a Sub-6GHz signal.
  • the antenna 14 is a MIMO antenna 14 .
  • the downlink signal is a signal located in the Sub-6GHz frequency band
  • the antenna 14 is a millimeter wave antenna 14 .
  • the extension unit 11 processes the baseband signal to obtain a downlink signal
  • the downlink signal is a signal in the Sub-6GHz frequency band
  • the extension unit 11 sends the downlink signal to the ROF optical module 12, and the ROF optical module 12 will be located at Sub-6GHz
  • the signal in the frequency band (that is, the downlink signal) is converted into an optical signal, and then the optical signal is split to obtain multiple optical signals, and each optical signal is pulled away through an optical fiber, and then the pulled optical signal is restored to Signals located in the Sub-6GHz frequency band (i.e.
  • the downlink signals and the restored downlink signals are sent to the remote unit 13, and each remote unit 13 performs frequency conversion processing on the received downlink signals, and the signal located in the Sub-6GHz frequency band
  • the millimeter wave signal is converted into a millimeter wave signal, and then the millimeter wave signal is given to the antenna 14, and the millimeter wave signal is transmitted by the antenna 14. In this way, through the frequency conversion of the remote unit 13, the function of the millimeter wave base station for 5G is realized.
  • the millimeter wave antenna 14 can be a 4TR (4 transmission and 4 reception) millimeter wave 5G base station, as shown in Figure 2, the millimeter wave antenna 14 of the embodiment of the present application uses two crossover
  • the polarized phased array millimeter wave antenna 14 implements a total of four antennas 14 , the working frequency range is 24.75-27.5GHz, and the signal bandwidth is 800MHz.
  • each ROF optical module 12 can drag up to 8 remote units 13 .
  • Figure 3 shows the link architecture diagram of the 5G millimeter wave base station provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the specific structures of the extension unit 11, the ROF optical module 12 and the remote unit 13 are respectively described below in conjunction with Figure 3 illustrate.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a module of an expansion unit 11 .
  • the extension unit 11 includes a clock module 1102, a first frequency shift keying module 1104, a baseband module 1101 connected in sequence, a first Sub-6GHz radio frequency sampling module 1103 and a first combiner 1105, the output terminal of the clock module 1102 and the first The output ends of the frequency shift keying module 1104 are respectively connected to the input ends of the first combiner 1105, wherein the baseband module 1101 is used to process the baseband signal to obtain an intermediate frequency signal; the first Sub-6GHz radio frequency sampling module 1103, It is used to sample the intermediate frequency signal through multiple sampling channels to obtain Sub-6GHz signals at different frequency points in the Sub-6GHz frequency band; the clock module 1102 is used to provide the phase-locked loop reference signal to the first combiner 1105; the second A frequency shift keying module 1104, used to provide control signals to the first combiner 1105; the first combiner 1105, used for phase-locked loop reference signals, control signals and different
  • FIG. 5 shows a detailed structural diagram of the extension unit 11 .
  • the baseband module 1101 is used to process the baseband signal to obtain an intermediate frequency signal, and to send the intermediate frequency signal to the first Sub-6GHz radio frequency sampling module 1103, wherein the first Sub-6GHz radio frequency sampling module 1103 is used to convert the The digital signal is sampled as an analog signal.
  • the first Sub-6GHz radio frequency sampling module 1103 includes four sampling channels DAC1/DAC2/DAC3/DAC4. The sampling frequency points of each sampling channel are different, and the frequency points of the Sub-6GHz frequency band are f1, f2, f3, f4.
  • the output end of each sampling channel is connected with a filter corresponding to a frequency point and a Sub-6GHz amplifier.
  • the filter is a Sub-6GHz filter, which is used to filter and amplify the sampled Sub-6GHz signal .
  • the output end of the Sub-6GHz amplifier is connected to the first combiner 1105, as shown in FIG.
  • the clock module 1102 can output a phase-locked loop reference signal, wherein the frequency of the phase-locked loop reference signal REF_CLK is designed to be 122.88MHz, and the clock module 1102 can send the phase-locked loop reference signal to the first combiner 1105 .
  • the first frequency shift keying module 1104 may include the MCU of the expansion unit 11, the FSK modulator and the filter module, wherein the MCU sends the signal to be modulated to the FSK modulator, and the FSK signal can be obtained through modulation by the FSK modulator.
  • the signal is the control signal.
  • the working frequency of FSK is selected as 433 MHz.
  • the filter module filters the FSK signal and sends the filtered FSK signal to the first combiner 1105 .
  • f1 1.2GHz
  • f2 2.4GHz
  • f3 3.6GHz
  • the first combiner 1105 combines the phase-locked loop reference signal, the control signal and the Sub-6GHz signals at different frequency points in the Sub-6GHz frequency band to obtain the downlink signal.
  • the downlink signal includes f1+f2+f3+f4+433MHz+122.88MHz.
  • the first combiner 1105 sends the downlink signal to the ROF optical module 12 .
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a ROF optical module 12 .
  • the ROF optical module 12 includes an extension end 1201, a plurality of remote ends 1202, and optical fibers arranged between the extension end 1201 and each remote end 1202, wherein: the extension end 1201 is used to process the downlink signal to obtain a first preset wavelength the downlink optical signal, and divide the downlink optical signal of the first preset wavelength into multiple channels, which are respectively transmitted to each remote end 1202 through an optical fiber; each remote end 1202 is used to restore the received downlink optical signal to a downlink signal , and send the downlink signal to the remote unit 13 connected to the remote end 1202 .
  • the input end of the extension end 1201 is connected to the extension unit 11
  • the output end of the remote end 1202 is connected to the remote unit 13
  • the output end of the extension end 1201 is connected to the input end of the remote end 1202 through an optical fiber.
  • extension end 1201 and each remote end 1202 may be connected through two optical fibers, one of which is used to transmit downlink signals, and the other optical fiber is used to transmit uplink signals.
  • extension end 1201 and each remote end 1202 may be connected through an optical fiber, and the one optical fiber is multiplexed based on time division multiplexing technology to transmit uplink signals and downlink signals.
  • FIG. 8 shows a detailed structural diagram of the ROF optical module 12 .
  • the extension end 1201 includes a first optical transmitting module, an optical splitter and a plurality of first optical wavelength division multiplexers, wherein each first optical wavelength division multiplexer is connected to a remote end 1202 through an optical fiber, wherein the first optical wavelength division multiplexer
  • An optical transmitting module configured to process downlink signals to obtain downlink optical signals of a first preset wavelength; wherein, the first preset wavelength is denoted by ⁇ 1.
  • the optical splitter is used to divide the downlink optical signal of the first preset wavelength into multiple paths, and input the splitted downlink optical signal of the first preset wavelength to each first optical wavelength division multiplexer; each first optical wave A division multiplexer, configured to send the downlink optical signal of the first preset wavelength to the remote end 1202 connected to the first optical wavelength division multiplexer through the multiplexing optical fiber.
  • TOSA Transmitter Optical Subassembly
  • the far end 1202 includes a second optical wavelength division multiplexer and a first optical detection module, the second optical wavelength division multiplexer is connected to the output end of the extended end 1201 through an optical fiber, wherein the The second optical wavelength division multiplexer is used to separate the downlink optical signal of the first preset wavelength from the signal transmitted by the optical fiber; the first optical detection module is used to separate the downlink optical signal of the first preset wavelength The optical signal is restored to the downlink signal, and the downlink signal is sent to the remote unit 13 connected to the remote end 1202 .
  • the first optical detection module is the detector ROSA (English: Receiver Optical Subassembly, ROSA for short), and the downlink optical signal is separated from the uplink optical signal by the second optical wavelength division multiplexer in the remote 1202, passes through the detector ROSA, and then Converted to a signal located in the Sub-6GHz frequency band (that is, a downlink signal, which is an electrical signal), which includes 5G NR signals of four frequencies (f1, f2, f3, f4), 433MHz FSK signals and phase-locked loop reference The signal is 122.88MHz, and the remote end 1202 inputs the electrical signal into the remote unit 13 connected thereto.
  • a downlink signal which is an electrical signal
  • 5G NR signals of four frequencies (f1, f2, f3, f4), 433MHz FSK signals and phase-locked loop reference
  • the signal is 122.88MHz, and the remote end 1202 inputs the electrical signal into the remote unit 13 connected thereto.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of a module of a remote unit 13 .
  • the remote unit 13 includes a local oscillator module 1302, a power divider 1301, and a plurality of remote downlinks 1303 connected to the power divider 1301, and the remote downlink 1303 includes a downlink mixer and a first uplink and downlink switch,
  • the output ends of the local oscillator module 1302 are respectively connected to the downlink mixers of the remote downlinks 1303, wherein the local oscillator module 1302 is used to phase-lock the downlink signal received from the ROF optical module 12 to obtain the corresponding
  • each local oscillator signal is input to each downlink mixer; the power divider 1301 is used to divide the power of the downlink signal received from the ROF optical module 12 into different frequency points to obtain corresponding different frequency points.
  • Sub-6GHz signals at frequency points, and each Sub-6GHz signal at different frequency points is sent to each downlink mixer; the downlink mixer is used to compare the received Sub-6GHz signal based on the received local oscillator signal Perform frequency conversion to obtain a millimeter wave signal, and send the millimeter wave signal to the corresponding first uplink and downlink switch; the first uplink and downlink switch is used to send the millimeter wave signal to the antenna 14 based on time division multiplexing technology.
  • a 5G millimeter wave base station includes multiple remote units 13, and the structure of one of the remote units 13 will be described in detail below as an example. As shown in FIG. 10 , FIG. 10 shows a detailed structural diagram of the remote unit 13 .
  • the local oscillator module 1302 is composed of four local oscillator links, the four local oscillator links have the same structure, and all include a PLL phase-locked loop, an amplifier and a power divider, wherein the four local oscillator links
  • the operating frequency points of the phase-locked loops of the roads are different, but the inputs of the four local oscillator links are the same, and they are all downlink signals received from the ROF optical module 12.
  • the phase-locked loops in the four local oscillator links The working frequency points of the first Sub-6GHz radio frequency sampling module respectively correspond to the sampling frequency points of the four sampling channels.
  • the downlink signal transmitted from the ROF optical module 12 carries a 122.88MHz reference signal REF_CLK, and the reference signal REF_CLK respectively enters four PLL phase-locked loops, and the four PLL phase-locked loops output 4
  • the 4 channels of local oscillator signals are divided into two channels by a power divider 1301, and output to an uplink mixer and a downlink mixer respectively.
  • the input of the power divider 1301 is the downlink signal received from the ROF optical module 12, and the power divider 1301 transmits the downlink signal (that is, an analog signal located in the Sub-6GHz frequency band) transmitted from the ROF optical module 12 Branch to several different frequency points to obtain Sub-6GHz signals corresponding to different frequency points, and then input the Sub-6GHz signals of different frequency points into different channels, and the different channels correspond to multiple remote downlinks 1303 .
  • the downlink signal that is, an analog signal located in the Sub-6GHz frequency band
  • the remote downlink 1303 includes a digital attenuator, a Sub-6GHz filter, a downlink mixer, a first millimeter wave filter 1, a power amplifier, a first uplink and downlink switch, and a second Two millimeter wave mixers 2, wherein, in each remote downlink 1303, the digital attenuator is used to amplify the gain of the received Sub-6GHz signal, and then pass through the Sub-6GHz filter for filtering processing, and then pass through The downlink mixer converts the frequency of the received Sub-6GHz signal based on the received local oscillator signal to obtain a millimeter wave signal.
  • the frequency conversion process includes two parts, one of which is that in each remote downlink 1303, the downlink mixer converts the Sub-6GHz signals at different frequency points into signals at the same frequency point based on the local oscillator signal, The other part is to convert the signals of the same frequency point into millimeter wave signals respectively.
  • the millimeter wave signal is filtered by the millimeter wave filter 1, then amplified by the power amplifier, enters the first uplink and downlink switching switch to complete the uplink and downlink combination, and then outputs, enters the millimeter wave filter 2 for filtering again, and then enters the millimeter wave
  • the transmission takes place in the antenna 14.
  • the 5G millimeter wave base station includes an extension unit 11, a ROF optical module 12, a plurality of remote units 13, and an antenna 14; wherein, the antenna 14 is used to transmit the received The uplink radio frequency signal is sent to the corresponding remote unit 13; the remote unit 13 is used to process the received uplink radio frequency signal to obtain an uplink signal, and sends the uplink signal to the ROF optical module 12; the ROF optical module 12 is used for The uplink signal sent by each remote unit 13 is transmitted through an optical fiber, and the uplink signal sent by each remote unit 13 is sent to the extension unit 11; the extension unit 11 is used to combine the uplink signals transmitted by each remote unit 13, The uplink combined signal is obtained, the uplink combined signal is converted into uplink electrical signals of different frequency points, and the uplink electrical signals of different frequency points are processed.
  • the antenna 14 sends the received uplink radio frequency signal to the remote unit 13 connected to it, and the remote unit 13 divides the received uplink radio frequency signal into signals of different frequency points, and then The signals are combined to obtain an uplink signal, and the uplink signal is sent to the ROF optical module 12 .
  • the ROF optical module 12 includes an extension end 1201, an optical fiber, and a plurality of remote ends 1202, wherein each remote end 1202 receives an uplink signal sent by a remote unit 13 connected to it, and sends the received uplink signal to the extension end 1201, In this way, the extension end 1201 can receive multiple uplink signals.
  • the extension end 1201 does not process the multiple uplink signals, but directly forwards the multiple uplink signals to the extension unit 11 .
  • the extension unit 11 can combine the multiple uplink signals to obtain an uplink combined signal, wherein the uplink combined signal is one signal, and then combine the uplink signals The combined signal becomes an uplink electrical signal of a different frequency point, and the uplink electrical signal of a different frequency point is processed.
  • the uplink signal is transmitted through the ROF optical module 12, so that the extension unit 11 and the remote unit 13 do not need to perform analog-to-digital conversion and digital-to-analog conversion, thereby simplifying the structure of the remote unit 13 and reducing the cost.
  • the uplink radio frequency signal is changed into signals of different frequency points, and then combined to obtain an uplink signal, and in the extension unit 11, after multiple uplink signals are combined, the combined result
  • the uplink combined signal becomes a signal of different frequency points, and this method realizes a multi-channel 5G base station.
  • the antenna 14 is a millimeter-wave antenna 14, and the uplink radio frequency signal is a millimeter-wave signal; wherein, the millimeter-wave antenna 14 receives the millimeter-wave signal and sends the millimeter-wave signal to the The remote unit 13, the remote unit 13, is specifically used to perform frequency conversion processing on the millimeter wave signal to obtain an uplink signal located in the Sub-6GHz frequency band, and then send the uplink signal located in the Sub-6GHz frequency band to the ROF optical module 12.
  • the ROF optical module 12 converts the uplink signal in the Sub-6GHz frequency band into an optical signal, transmits the optical signal through an optical fiber, and then converts the optical signal into an uplink signal in the Sub-6GHz frequency band, and sends it to the extension unit 11 .
  • the extension unit 11 combines the uplink signals located in the Sub-6GHz frequency band, and then turns them into uplink electrical signals of different frequency points, and processes the electrical signals. This process realizes the function of 5G millimeter wave base station.
  • the millimeter wave antenna 14 can be a 4TR (4 transmission and 4 reception) millimeter wave 5G base station, as shown in Figure 2, the millimeter wave antenna 14 of the embodiment of the present application uses two crossover
  • the polarized phased array millimeter wave antenna 14 implements a total of four antennas 14 , the working frequency range is 24.75-27.5GHz, and the signal bandwidth is 800MHz.
  • each ROF optical module 12 can drag up to 8 remote units 13 .
  • extension unit 11 the ROF optical module 12 and the remote unit 13 in FIG. 1 will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • FIG. 11 shows a schematic module diagram of another remote unit 13 .
  • the remote unit 13 includes a local oscillator module 1302, a second frequency shift keying module 1305, a second combiner 1304, and a plurality of remote uplinks connected to the second combiner 1304, wherein each remote The filtering frequency points of the filters in the uplink are different.
  • the remote uplink includes an uplink mixer and a filter.
  • the output terminals of the local oscillator module 1302 are respectively connected to each uplink mixer.
  • the second frequency shift keying module The output end of is connected with the input end of the second combiner 1304, wherein:
  • the local oscillator module 1302 is used to obtain local oscillator signals corresponding to different frequency points, and input each local oscillator signal to each uplink mixer; the uplink mixer is used to compare the received mm Frequency conversion of the wave signal to obtain the initial Sub-6GHz signal located in the Sub-6GHz frequency band; the filter is used to filter the received initial Sub-6GHz signal to obtain the Sub-6GHz signal of the preset frequency point, and the preset frequency
  • the Sub-6GHz signal at the point is sent to the second combiner 1304;
  • the second frequency shift keying module 1305 is used to provide the control signal to the second combiner 1304;
  • the second combiner 1304 is used to control the signal and Sub-6GHz signals of different frequency points sent by the filters of the remote uplinks are combined to obtain an uplink signal, and the uplink signal is sent to the ROF optical module 12 .
  • the local oscillator module 1302 is composed of four local oscillator links, and the four local oscillator links can output four local oscillator signals. Road, respectively for the uplink and downlink mixers. Therefore, the upstream mixer can receive the local oscillator signal. The frequency points of the 4 local oscillator signals are different.
  • the second frequency shift keying module 1305 may include an MCU of the remote unit 13, an FSK modulator and a filter module, wherein the FSK signal received from the optical module is filtered and then entered into the FSK module for demodulation to obtain a control signal, According to the control signal obtained by the FSK, the MCU completes the control of the uplink and downlink switching, the control of the ATT, and so on. At the same time, the information on the remote unit 13 is converted into an FSK signal and transmitted to the ROF optical module 12 after passing through the MCU and the FSK debugger.
  • each remote uplink includes a power amplifier, a third millimeter wave filter, an uplink mixer, a digital attenuator, a filter, and an amplifier, wherein, optionally, the filter The filter is a Sub-6GHz filter, and the amplifier is a Sub-6GHz amplifier.
  • Each remote uplink is connected to the antenna 14, and the uplink radio frequency signal received from the antenna 14 is amplified by a power amplifier, then filtered by a millimeter wave filter, and then input to an uplink mixer.
  • the uplink mixer can mix the received millimeter-wave signal based on the received local oscillator signal to obtain the initial Sub-6GHz signal in the Sub-6GHz frequency band.
  • the initial Sub-6GHz signal is processed by automatic gain control through the digital attenuator Give to Sub-6GHz filter.
  • Different remote uplink Sub-6GHz filters have different operating frequencies. Therefore, after each Sub-6GHz filter filters the initial Sub-6GHz signal, the frequency corresponding to the Sub-6GHz filter can be obtained.
  • multiple remote uplinks can obtain multiple Sub-6GHz signals of different frequency points.
  • the Sub-6GHz amplifier is used to amplify the Sub-6GHz signal filtered by the Sub-6GHz filter, and then send it to the second combiner 1304.
  • the second combiner 1304 combines the FSK signal and the Sub-6GHz signal at different frequency points in the Sub-6GHz frequency band to obtain an uplink signal.
  • the uplink signal includes f1 +f2+f3+f4+433MHz.
  • the second combiner 1304 sends the uplink signal to the ROF optical module 12 .
  • FIG. 12 shows a schematic diagram of another ROF optical module 12 .
  • the ROF optical module 12 includes an extension end 1201, a plurality of far ends 1202 and an optical fiber arranged between the extension end 1201 and each far end 1202, and the extension end 1201 includes a second optical detection module and a first optical wavelength division multiplexer connected in sequence , the remote end 1202 includes a second optical wavelength division multiplexer and a second optical transmission module connected in sequence, and the second optical wavelength division multiplexer is connected to the first optical wavelength division multiplexer through an optical fiber, wherein the second optical transmission module is used To process the uplink signal sent by the remote unit 13 to obtain an uplink optical signal of a second preset wavelength, wherein the second preset wavelength is represented by ⁇ 2; the second optical wavelength division multiplexer is used to combine the second preset wavelength The uplink optical signal of the wavelength is transmitted to the first optical wavelength division multiplexer; the first optical wavelength division multiplexer is used to separate the uplink optical signal of the second preset wavelength from the
  • FIG. 8 shows a detailed structural diagram of the ROF optical module 12 .
  • the ROF optical module 12 includes an extension unit 11 and 8 far-ends 1202, wherein the extension unit 11 includes 8 groups of second optical detection modules and first optical wavelength division multiplexers, and the far-end 1202 includes a set of sequentially connected The second optical wavelength division multiplexer and the second optical transmitting module, wherein each first optical wavelength division multiplexer is connected to a second optical wavelength division multiplexer in one remote end 1202 .
  • the output ends of the eight second photodetection modules in the extension unit 11 are respectively connected to the extension unit 11 .
  • the uplink signal received from the remote unit 13 includes 5G NR signals of four frequencies and FSK signal of 433 MHz.
  • the uplink signal is converted into an uplink optical signal with a wavelength of ⁇ 2 by the second optical detection module.
  • ⁇ 2 1310nm.
  • FIG. 13 shows a schematic diagram of a module of an expansion unit 11 .
  • the extension unit 11 includes a third combiner, a second splitter, a second Sub-6GHz radio frequency sampling module 1108 and a baseband module 1101 connected in sequence, wherein the third combiner is used for receiving from the ROF optical module 12
  • the uplink signal transmitted by each remote unit 13 is combined to obtain the uplink combined signal;
  • the second splitter is used to change the uplink combined signal into an uplink electrical signal of a different frequency point;
  • the sampling module 1108 is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the uplink electrical signals at different frequency points to obtain uplink digital signals;
  • the baseband module 1101 is used to perform baseband signal processing on the uplink digital signals.
  • the ROF optical module 12 when the ROF optical module 12 transmits the uplink signal, it does not perform any processing on the uplink signal, and it only plays the role of remote transmission. Based on this, the multi-channel uplink signal received by the extension unit 11 comes from Different remote units 13, and all include f1+f2+f3+f4+433MHz.
  • FIG. 5 shows a detailed structural diagram of the extension unit 11 .
  • the extension unit 11 includes a Sub-6GHz amplifier tube 1, a third combiner, a Sub-6GHz amplifier tube 2, a second splitter, a second Sub-6GHz radio frequency sampling module 1108, and a baseband module 1101, wherein the second splitter
  • the converter includes four output ports corresponding to different frequency points, and each output port is connected to a filter and an amplifier corresponding to a frequency point.
  • the filter is a Sub-6GHz filter
  • the amplifier is a Sub-6GHz amplifier tube, as shown in the figure 5
  • Sub-6GHz amplifying tubes 3 after each uplink signal is input to the extension unit 11, it is first amplified through the Sub-6GHz amplifying tube 1, and then transmitted to the third combiner, and the third combiner combines multiple
  • the uplink signal is combined into an uplink combined signal, and then the uplink combined signal is amplified through the Sub-6GHz amplifier tube 2, and the amplified uplink combined signal enters the second splitter, and the second splitter is used to combine the uplink combined signal
  • the signals of the four channels are divided into uplink electrical signals of different frequency points, that is, four uplink electrical signals are obtained, and the four uplink electrical signals are respectively passed through filters with frequency points of f1, f2, f3, f4, and 433MHz, so that the signals of different frequencies After filtering, the signals of four different frequency points are amplified by the Sub-6GHz amplifier tube 3 and then enter the respective second Sub-6GHz radio frequency sampling modules
  • Non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory or optical memory, etc.
  • Volatile memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM) or external cache memory.
  • RAM can take many forms, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) or Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM).

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Abstract

本申请涉及一种5G毫米波基站，涉及通信技术领域，该5G毫米波基站包括扩展单元、ROF光模块、多个远端单元以及天线，其中扩展单元用于对基带信号进行处理，得到下行信号；ROF光模块，用于将下行信号转换为下行光信号，并对下行光信号进行分路处理，得到多路目标下行光信号，将多路目标下行光信号分别进行光纤拉远，并将经过光纤拉远的多路目标下行光信号还原为多路下行信号，并将多路下行信号发送至多个远端单元；各远端单元，用于接收下行信号，并对下行信号进行处理；天线，用于发射经过处理的下行信号。本申请中，扩展单元和远端单元通过一个ROF光模块进行拉远传输，并由ROF光模块对下行信号进行分路，因此减少了ROF光模块的使用量，降低了成本。

Description

一种5G毫米波基站 技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，特别是涉及一种5G毫米波基站。
背景技术
基站是移动通信基础设备，其主要功能是实现优先通信网络与无线终端之间的无线信号传输。
现有技术中，基站的构成主要包括以下几个方面，扩展单元、拉远单元和远端单元，其中，扩展单元用于将信号扩展为多路信号，每一路信号通过拉远单元给到一个远端单元，远端单元对信号进行增益处理后，发送给天线，由天线将信号发射出去。
然而，该种形式的基站中，一个扩展单元需要配置多个拉远单元，而拉远单元的成本较高，因此提高了基站的建设成本。
发明内容
基于此，有必要针对上述技术问题，提供一种5G毫米波基站。
第一方面：
一种5G毫米波基站，该5G毫米波基站包括扩展单元、ROF光模块、多个远端单元以及天线；其中，
扩展单元，用于对基带信号进行处理，得到下行信号；
ROF光模块，用于将下行信号转换为下行光信号，并对下行光信号进行分路处理，得到多路目标下行光信号，将多路目标下行光信号分别进行光纤拉远，并将经过光纤拉远的多路目标下行光信号还原为多路下行信号，并将多路下行信号发送至多个远端单元；
各远端单元，用于接收从ROF光模块传输的下行信号，并对下行信号进行处理；
天线，用于发射经过处理的下行信号。
第二方面：
一种5G毫米波基站，该5G毫米波基站包括扩展单元、ROF光模块、多个远端单元以及天线；其中，
天线，用于将接收到的上行射频信号发送给对应的远端单元；
远端单元，用于对接收到的上行射频信号进行处理，得到上行信号，将上行信号发送给ROF光模块；
ROF光模块，用于通过光纤传输各远端单元发送的上行信号，并将各远端单元发送的上行信号发送给扩展单元；
扩展单元，用于对各远端单元传输的上行信号进行合路，得到上行合路信号，将上行合路信号变为不同频点的上行电信号，对不同频点的上行电信号进行处理。
上述5G毫米波基站，可以降低基站建设成本。该5G毫米波基站包括扩展单元、ROF光模块、多个远端单元以及天线，其中扩展单元用于对基带信号进行处理，得到下行信号；ROF光模块，用于将下行信号转换为下行光信号，并对下行光信号进行分路处理，得到多路目标下行光信号，将多路目标下行光信号分别进行光纤拉远，并将经过光纤拉远的多路目标下行光信号还原为多路下行信号，并将多路下行信号发送至多个远端单元；各远端单元，用于接收从ROF光模块传输的下行信号，并对下行信号进行处理；天线，用于发射经过处理的下行信号。本申请中，扩展单元和远端单元通过一个ROF光模块进行拉远传输，并由ROF光模块对下行信号进行分路，因此减少了ROF光模块的使用量，降低了成本。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例涉及到的一种5G毫米波基站的模块图；
图2为本申请实施例涉及到的一种毫米波天线；
图3为本申请实施例涉及到的一种5G毫米波基站的链路架构图；
图4为本申请实施例涉及到的一种扩展单元的模块示意图；
图5为本申请实施例涉及到的一种扩展单元架构图；
图6为本申请实施例涉及到的频率分配方案示意图；
图7为本申请实施例涉及到的一种ROF光模块的模块示意图；
图8为本申请实施例涉及到的一种ROF光模块架构图；
图9为本申请实施例涉及到的一种远端单元的模块示意图；
图10为本申请实施例涉及到的一种远端单元架构图；
图11为本申请实施例涉及到的另一种远端单元的模块示意图；
图12为本申请实施例涉及到的另一种ROF光模块的模块示意图；
图13为本申请实施例涉及到的另一种远端单元的模块示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
在本申请实施例的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
随着5G(英文：5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology，中文：第五代移动通信技术)通信技术的快速普及，5G基站的建设需求越来越大，然而当前5G基站的成本较高，主要原因包括以下几个方面：
1，在一种现有技术中，基站的构成主要包括以下几个方面，扩展单元、多个拉远单元和多个远端单元，其中，扩展单元用于将信号扩展为多路信号，每一路信号通过拉远单元给到一个远端单元，远端单元对信号进行增益处理后，发送给天线，由天线将信号发射出去。
其中，拉远单元一般是数字光纤，在实际工作过程中，扩展单元中设置有模数转换模块，其先将基带信号转换为数字信号，然后将数字信号通过数字光纤传输，远端单元接收到数字信号之后，通过远端单元内设置的数模转换模块将数字信号转换为模拟信号，然后将模拟信号给到天线。
其中，远端单元中设置的数模转换模块的功耗较大，且导致远端单元结构复杂，增加了远端单元的成本。
为了解决这个技术问题，本申请实施例提供的5G毫米波基站中，扩展单元和远端单元之间使用ROF(英文radio-over-fiber，中文：光载无线通信)光模块，也就是说，扩展单元和远端单元之间通过光信号传输，这样，扩展单元将基带信号转换为模拟信号，并给到ROF光模块。ROF光模块将模拟信号转换为光信号，并利用光纤传输光信号，然后再将光信号变为模拟信号给到远端单元，这样远端单元接收到的就是模拟信号，而不需要进行数模转换，因此相比于现有技术，远端单元中去除了数模转换模块，一方面降低了远端单元的功耗，另一方面降低了其结构复杂度，因此降低了成本。
2、在现有技术中，扩展单元的输出端会连接多个拉远单元，然后每个拉远单元连接一个远端单元，由于使用了较多的拉远单元，导致基站的总体成本增加。
为了解决这个技术问题，本申请实施例提供的5G毫米波基站中，扩展单元输出的是一路信号，因此只需使用一个ROF光模块，然后由ROF光模块来实现分路功能，这样，一方面减少了ROF光模块的数量，因此降低了成本。
3、目前，移动数据流量的爆炸式增长对通信系统的系统覆盖与容量提出了更高的要求，具有丰富频谱资源的毫米波通信可以显著提高5G网络的覆盖与容量。其中，实现用于5G通信的毫米波基站，是实现大系统覆盖容量的通信系统的关键部分，需要解决的关键技术点有如下几个：一、实现大带宽，如800MHz；二、具有多通道；三、实现远距离传输。
然而，现有的5G基站均难以同时实现以上三个技术点。
第一、现有技术一般采用Sub-6GHz的频段，其无法实现400MHz/800MHz的带宽。
第二、现有技术中，采用毫米波信号进行无线中继的形式来实现5G目标吞吐率及室内室外信号传输。存在的问题是，扩展单元、拉远单元以及远端单元都需要配置能够适用于毫米波信号处理的毫米波芯片，而毫米波芯片成本高昂，就目前阶段而言，在每个基站上大量使用毫米波芯片会极大地提高基站的成本。
第三，在毫米波频段，电磁波的传输具有较大的衰减，而且在穿透障碍物时会受到非常大的损耗，在遇到普通建筑材料时，毫米波的衰减甚至可以在 100dB以上。因此，直接使用毫米波信号实现信号覆盖会导致整个系统对天线的需求数量急剧上升，实现成本较高。并且，微波信号在大气中损耗大，无线通信能提供的带宽及覆盖距离十分有限。
第四、受到目前业界工艺限制，现有技术中并不能实现可以对毫米波频段进行采样的模数转换/数模转换设备，且用于将毫米波信号转换为光信号或者将光信号转换为毫米波信号的毫米波ROF光模块的成本较高，不利于大规模应用。
有鉴于上述四点中所涉及到的问题，本申请实施例提供的5G毫米波基站中，在下行链路，扩展单元可以将基带信号处理为位于Sub-6GHz频段的不同频点的Sub-6GHz信号，其中不同频点的Sub-6GHz信号通过多通道传输后进行合路，得到一路信号，然后由ROF光模块对扩展单元传输过来的一路Sub-6GHz信号进行拉远和分路，最后在远端单元将Sub-6GHz信号变频为毫米波信号，并通过毫米波天线将毫米波信号发射出去。而在上行链路，远端单元可以将接收到的毫米波信号变频为Sub-6GHz信号，然后将Sub-6GHz信号通过ROF光模块传输给扩展单元，并由扩展单元对接收到的Sub-6GHz信号进行处理。因此本申请提供的5G毫米波基站，基于远端单元将Sub-6GHz信号变为毫米波信号，实现了大带宽，如800MHz；基于ROF光模块实现了对Sub-6GHz信号的远距离传输，基于扩展单元实现的多通道。采用成本较低的方案实现了大带宽、长传输、多通道的5G毫米波基站。
下面对本申请实施例提供的一种5G毫米波基站具体结构进行说明。
如图1所示，5G毫米波基站包括扩展单元11、ROF光模块12、多个远端单元13以及天线14；其中，扩展单元11，用于对基带信号进行处理，得到下行信号，并将下行信号发送给ROF光模块12。ROF光模块12，用于将下行信号转换为下行光信号，并对下行光信号进行分路处理，得到多路目标下行光信号，将多路目标下行光信号分别进行光纤拉远，并将经过光纤拉远的多路目标下行光信号还原为多路下行信号，并将多路下行信号发送至多个远端单元13；各远端单元13，用于接收从ROF光模块12传输的下行信号，并对下行信号进行处理；天线14，用于发射经过处理的下行信号。
本申请实施例中，扩展单元11的输出端连接至ROF光模块12的输入端，ROF光模块12具有多个输出端，每个输出端连接至一个远端单元13，每个远端单元13连接一个天线14。
其中，扩展单元11对基带信号进行处理得到的下行信号为一路信号，扩展单元11将该一路信号发送给与其连接的一个ROF光模块12。ROF光模块12对接收到下行信号进行分路和拉远传输，从而将一路下行信号分给了多个远端单元13，而每个远端单元13则基于接收到的下行信号进行处理，并将经过处理的下行信号发送给天线14，以供天线14发射信号。该种方式减少了ROF光模块12的使用数量，因此降低了基站成本。
其中，该下行信号可以为位于Sub-6GHz频段的信号，该天线14为用于发射Sub-6GHz信号的天线14。可选的，天线14为MIMO天线14。
在本申请的另一个实施例中，下行信号为位于Sub-6GHz频段的信号，天线14为毫米波天线14。这种情况下，扩展单元11对基带信号进行处理得到的下行信号，下行信号为Sub-6GHz频段的信号，扩展单元11将下行信号发送给ROF光模块12，ROF光模块12将位于Sub-6GHz频段的信号(即下行信号)转换为光信号，然后对光信号进行分路，得到多路光信号，将每一路光信号通过一根光纤进行拉远，然后将经过拉远的光信号还原为位于Sub-6GHz频段的信号(即下行信号)，并将还原的下行信号发送给远端单元13，每个远端单元13对接收到的下行信号进行变频处理，将位于Sub-6GHz频段的信号变为毫米波信号，然后将毫米波信号给到天线14，由天线14将毫米波信号发射出去。这样，通过远端单元13的变频，实现了用于5G的毫米波基站的功能。
可选的，本申请实施例中，毫米波天线14可以为一个4TR(4发4收)的毫米波5G基站，如图2所示，本申请实施例的毫米波天线14采用了两个交叉极化相控阵毫米波天线14，总共实现了四路天线14，工作频段24.75-27.5GHz，信号带宽：800MHz，可选的，每个ROF光模块12最多可拖8个远端单元13。
如图3所示，图3示出了本申请实施例提供的5G毫米波基站的链路架构图， 下面结合图3分别对扩展单元11、ROF光模块12和远端单元13的具体结构进行说明。
如图3和图4所示，图4示出了一种扩展单元11的模块示意图。扩展单元11包括时钟模块1102、第一频移键控模块1104以及依次连接的基带模块1101、第一Sub-6GHz射频采样模块1103和第一合路器1105，时钟模块1102的输出端和第一频移键控模块1104的输出端分别与第一合路器1105的输入端连接，其中，基带模块1101，用于对基带信号进行处理，得到中频信号；第一Sub-6GHz射频采样模块1103，用于通过多个采样通道对中频信号进行采样，得到位于Sub-6GHz频段的不同频点的Sub-6GHz信号；时钟模块1102，用于向第一合路器1105提供锁相环参考信号；第一频移键控模块1104，用于向第一合路器1105提供控制信号；第一合路器1105，用于对锁相环参考信号、控制信号和位于Sub-6GHz频段的不同频点的Sub-6GHz信号进行合路，得到下行信号，并将下行信号发送给ROF光模块12。
如图5所示，图5示出了扩展单元11的详细的结构示意图。本申请实施例中，基带模块1101用于对基带信号进行处理，得到中频信号，并将中频信号给到第一Sub-6GHz射频采样模块1103，其中第一Sub-6GHz射频采样模块1103用于将数字信号采样为模拟信号，第一Sub-6GHz射频采样模块1103包括四个采样通道DAC1/DAC2/DAC3/DAC4，每个采样通道的采样频点不同，Sub-6GHz频段的频点分别为f1、f2、f3、f4。其中，每个采样通道的输出端连接有对应频点的滤波器和Sub-6GHz放大器，可选的，滤波器为Sub-6GHz滤波器，用于对采样后的Sub-6GHz信号进行滤波和放大。该Sub-6GHz放大器的输出端连接至第一合路器1105，如图4所示，最终有四路不同频点的Sub-6GHz信号输入到第一合路器1105中。
于此同时，时钟模块1102可以输出锁相环参考信号，其中，锁相环参考信号频率REF_CLK设计为122.88MHz，时钟模块1102可以将锁相环参考信号发送给第一合路器1105。
于此同时，第一频移键控模块1104，可以包括扩展单元11的MCU、FSK调制器和滤波模块，其中MCU向FSK调制器发送待调制信号，经过FSK调制 器调制可以得到FSK信号，FSK信号即为控制信号，FSK的工作频点选取为433MHz，滤波模块对FSK信号进行滤波，将滤波后的FSK信号发送给第一合路器1105。
本申请实施例中，f1、f2、f3、f4四个频点左右扩展400MHz后，与FSK频段和锁相环参考信号REF_CLK均不能重叠。例如本实施例可以选取f1＝1.2GHz、f2＝2.4GHz、f3＝3.6GHz、f4＝5.6GHz，其频谱分布如图6所示。
第一合路器1105对锁相环参考信号、控制信号和位于Sub-6GHz频段的不同频点的Sub-6GHz信号进行合路，得到下行信号，从图5中可以看出，该下行信号包括f1+f2+f3+f4+433MHz+122.88MHz。第一合路器1105将该下行信号发送给ROF光模块12。
如图7所示，图7示出了一种ROF光模块12的模块示意图。ROF光模块12包括扩展端1201、多个远端1202和设置在扩展端1201与各远端1202之间的光纤，其中：扩展端1201，用于对下行信号进行处理，得到第一预设波长的下行光信号，并将第一预设波长的下行光信号分为多路，分别通过光纤传输至与各远端1202；各远端1202，用于将接收到的下行光信号还原为下行信号，并将下行信号发送给与远端1202连接的远端单元13。
本申请实施例中，扩展端1201的输入端与扩展单元11连接，远端1202的输出端与远端单元13连接，扩展端1201的输出端与远端1202的输入端通过光纤连接。
可选的，扩展端1201与每个远端1202可以通过两根光纤连接，其中一根光纤用于传输下行信号，另一根光纤用于传输上行信号。
可选的，扩展端1201与每个远端1202可以通过一个光纤连接，基于时分复用技术复用该一根光纤传输上行信号和下行信号。
如图8所示，图8示出了ROF光模块12的详细的结构示意图。图8中，扩展端1201包括第一光发射模块、分光器和多个第一光波分复用器，其中，每个第一光波分复用器通过光纤连接至一个远端1202，其中，第一光发射模块，用于对下行信号进行处理，得到第一预设波长的下行光信号；其中，第一预设 波长用λ1表示。分光器，用于将第一预设波长的下行光信号分为多路，并将分光后的第一预设波长的下行光信号分别输入至各第一光波分复用器；各第一光波分复用器，用于通过复用光纤将第一预设波长的下行光信号发送至与第一光波分复用器连接的远端1202。
其中，第一光发射模块为激光器TOSA(英文：Transmitter Optical Subassembly，简称：TOSA)，对从扩展单元11输入的位于Sub-6GHz频段的信号在激光器TOSA中由电信号转为波长为λ1的下行光信号。本实施例中，取λ1＝1550nm。如图8所示，经过分光器分为8路下行光信号，该8路下行光信号分别通过8根光纤传输给8个远端1202。
如图8所示，远端1202包括第二光波分复用器和第一光探测模块，所述第二光波分复用器通过光纤与所述扩展端1201的输出端连接，其中，所述第二光波分复用器，用于从光纤传输的信号中分离出第一预设波长的所述下行光信号；所述第一光探测模块，用于将第一预设波长的所述下行光信号还原为所述下行信号，并将所述下行信号发送给与所述远端1202连接的远端单元13。
其中，第一光探测模块为探测器ROSA(英文：Receiver Optical Subassembly，简称ROSA)，下行光信号在远端1202中的第二光波分复用器与上行光信号分离，经过探测器ROSA，再转换为位于Sub-6GHz频段的信号(即下行信号，为电信号)，该电信号中包含四个频率的5G NR信号(f1、f2、f3、f4)、433MHz的FSK信号和锁相环参考信号122.88MHz，远端1202将该电信号输入到与之连接的远端单元13中。
如图9所示，图9示出了一种远端单元13的模块示意图。远端单元13包括本振模块1302、功分器1301和与功分器1301连接的多条远端下行链路1303，远端下行链路1303包括下行混频器和第一上下行切换开关，本振模块1302的输出端分别连接至各远端下行链路1303的各下行混频器，其中，本振模块1302，用于对从ROF光模块12接收到的下行信号进行锁相，得到对应不同频点的本振信号，将各本振信号分别输入至各下行混频器；功分器1301，用于将从ROF光模块12接收到的下行信号功分到不同频点，得到对应不同频点的Sub-6GHz 信号，并将不同频点的各Sub-6GHz信号分别发送至各下行混频器；下行混频器，用于基于接收到的本振信号对接收到的Sub-6GHz信号进行变频，得到毫米波信号，将毫米波信号发送给对应的第一上下行切换开关；第一上下行切换开关，用于基于时分复用技术将毫米波信号发送给天线14。
5G毫米波基站中包括多个远端单元13，下面以其中一个远端单元13的结构为例进行详细说明。如图10所示，图10示出了远端单元13的详细的结构示意图。
如图10所示，本振模块1302是由四条本振链路组成的，该四条本振链路的结构相同，均包括PLL锁相环，放大器和功分器，其中，该四条本振链路的锁相环的工作频点不同，但该四条本振链路的输入相同，均为从ROF光模块12接收到的下行信号，可选的，该四条本振链路中的锁相环的工作频点与第一Sub-6GHz射频采样模块的四个采样通道的采样频点分别对应。
本申请实施例中，从ROF光模块12传输过来的下行信号中携带有122.88MHz的参考信号REF_CLK，参考信号REF_CLK分别进入到四个PLL锁相环之中，四个PLL锁相环输出4个不同频率的本振信号，本振信号的频率LOi＝Freq_mw-fi(i＝1,2,3,4),其中，Freq_mw为毫米波中心频点。4路本振信号被放大后经过功分器1301分成两路，分别输出给上行混频器和下行混频器。
如图10所示，功分器1301的输入为从ROF光模块12接收到的下行信号，功分器1301把从ROF光模块12传输过来的下行信号(即位于Sub-6GHz频段的模拟信号)分路到若干不同频点，得到对应不同频点的Sub-6GHz信号，然后将不同频点的各Sub-6GHz信号输入不同的通道，该不同的通道即对应多条远端下行链路1303。
如图10所示，远端下行链路1303包括依次连接的数字衰减器、Sub-6GHz滤波器、下行混频器、第一毫米波滤波器1、功放器、第一上下行切换开关和第二毫米波混频器2，其中，在每条远端下行链路1303中，数字衰减器用于对接收到的Sub-6GHz信号进行增益放大，然后经过Sub-6GHz滤波器进行滤波处理，再经过下行混频器基于接收到的本振信号对接收到的Sub-6GHz信号进行变频，得到毫米波信号。需要说明的是，该变频过程包括两个部分，其中一个部分是各个 远端下行链路1303中，下行混频器基于本振信号将不同频点Sub-6GHz信号变频为相同频点的信号，另一个部分是各自将相同频点的信号变频为毫米波信号。
该毫米波信号经过毫米波滤波器1进行滤波后，再被功放器放大，进入到第一上下行切换开关完成上下行合路后输出，进入毫米波滤波器2进行再次滤波，然后到毫米波天线14之中进行发射。
下面对本申请实施例提供的另一种5G毫米波基站具体结构进行说明。
如图1和图3所示，本申请实施例中，5G毫米波基站包括扩展单元11、ROF光模块12、多个远端单元13以及天线14；其中，天线14，用于将接收到的上行射频信号发送给对应的远端单元13；远端单元13，用于对接收到的上行射频信号进行处理，得到上行信号，将上行信号发送给ROF光模块12；ROF光模块12，用于通过光纤传输各远端单元13发送的上行信号，并将各远端单元13发送的上行信号发送给扩展单元11；扩展单元11，用于对各远端单元13传输的上行信号进行合路，得到上行合路信号，将上行合路信号变为不同频点的上行电信号，对不同频点的上行电信号进行处理。
本申请实施例中，天线14将接收到的上行射频信号发送给与其连接的远端单元13，远端单元13将接收到的上行射频信号分为不同频点的信号，然后对不同频点的信号进行合路，得到上行信号，并将上行信号发送给ROF光模块12。
ROF光模块12包括扩展端1201、光纤和多个远端1202，其中，每个远端1202接收与其连接的远端单元13发送的上行信号，并将接收到的上行信号发送给扩展端1201，这样扩展端1201就可以接收到多个上行信号。扩展端1201并不会对该多个上行信号进行处理，而是直接将该多个上行信号转发给扩展单元11。
扩展单元11在接收到该来自多个远端单元13的多个上行信号之后，可以将多个上行信号进行合路，得到上行合路信号，其中上行合路信号为一路信号，然后再将上行合路信号变为不同频点的上行电信号，对不同频点的上行电信号进行处理。
本申请实施例中，通过ROF光模块12传输上行信号，使得扩展单元11和远端 单元13无需进行模数转换和数模转换，从而简化了远端单元13的结构，降低了成本。并且，在远端单元13，将上行射频信号变为不同频点的信号，然后进行合路，得到上行信号，而在扩展单元11，将多个上行信号合路后，再将合路得到的上行合路信号变为不同频点的信号，该种方式实现了多通道的5G基站。
可选的，在本申请的一个实施例中，天线14为毫米波天线14，上行射频信号为毫米波信号；其中，毫米波天线14接收到毫米波信号，并将毫米波信号发送给与其连接的远端单元13，远端单元13，具体用于对毫米波信号进行变频处理，得到位于Sub-6GHz频段的上行信号，然后将位于Sub-6GHz频段的上行信号发送给ROF光模块12。ROF光模块12将位于Sub-6GHz频段的上行信号变为光信号，通过光纤传输该光信号，然后再将光信号变为位于Sub-6GHz频段的上行信号，并发送给扩展单元11。扩展单元11对位于Sub-6GHz频段的上行信号进行合路，然后变为不用频点的上行电信号，并对电信号进行处理。该过程实现了5G毫米波基站的功能。
可选的，本申请实施例中，毫米波天线14可以为一个4TR(4发4收)的毫米波5G基站，如图2所示，本申请实施例的毫米波天线14采用了两个交叉极化相控阵毫米波天线14，总共实现了四路天线14，工作频段24.75-27.5GHz，信号带宽：800MHz，可选的，每个ROF光模块12最多可拖8个远端单元13。
下面结合附图对图1中的扩展单元11、ROF光模块12和远端单元13的具体结构进行说明。
如图11所示，图11示出了另一种远端单元13的模块示意图。其中，远端单元13包括本振模块1302、第二频移键控模块1305、第二合路器1304和与第二合路器1304连接的多个远端上行链路，其中，各远端上行链路中的滤波器的滤波频点不同，远端上行链路包括上行混频器和滤波器，本振模块1302的输出端分别连接至各上行混频器，第二频移键控模块的输出端与第二合路器1304的输入端连接，其中：
本振模块1302，用于获取对应不同频点的本振信号，将各本振信号分别输 入至各上行混频器；上行混频器，用于基于接收到的本振信号对接收到的毫米波信号进行变频，得到位于Sub-6GHz频段初始Sub-6GHz信号；滤波器，用于对接收到的初始Sub-6GHz信号进行滤波，得到预设频点的Sub-6GHz信号，并将预设频点的Sub-6GHz信号发送给第二合路器1304；第二频移键控模块1305，用于向第二合路器1304提供控制信号；第二合路器1304，用于对控制信号和各远端上行链路的滤波器发送的不同频点的Sub-6GHz信号进行合路，得到上行信号，并将上行信号发送给ROF光模块12。
如图10所示，本振模块1302是由四条本振链路组成的，四条本振链路可以输出四个本振信号，4路本振信号均被放大后分别经过功分器1301分成两路，分别给上行和下行的混频器。因此上行混频器可以接收到本振信号。该4路本振信号的频点不相同。
第二频移键控模块1305，可以包括远端单元13的MCU、FSK调制器和滤波模块，其中从光模块接收来的FSK信号经过滤波之后进入到FSK模块之中进行解调得到控制信号，MCU根据FSK得到的控制信号，完成上下行切换的控制，ATT的控制等。同时，远端单元13上的信息也经过MCU和FSK调试器后变成FSK信号传递给ROF光模块12。
于此同时，如图10所示，每个远端上行链路包括功放器、第三毫米波滤波器、上行混频器、数字衰减器、滤波器和放大器，其中，可选的，该滤波器为Sub-6GHz滤波器，该放大器为Sub-6GHz放大器。每个远端上行链路与天线14连接，对从天线14接收到的上行射频信号通过功放器进行放大，然后给到毫米波滤波器进行滤波，滤波后输入到上行混频器中。
上行混频器可以基于接收到的本振信号对接收到的毫米波信号进行混频得到位于Sub-6GHz频段的初始Sub-6GHz信号，初始Sub-6GHz信号经过数字衰减器进行自动增益控制处理后给到Sub-6GHz滤波器。不同的远端上行链路的Sub-6GHz滤波器的工作频点不同，因此每个Sub-6GHz滤波器对初始Sub-6GHz信号进行滤波后，可以得到该Sub-6GHz滤波器对应的频点的Sub-6GHz信号，多条远端上行链路就可以得到多个不同频点的Sub-6GHz信号。Sub-6GHz放大器用于对Sub-6GHz滤波器滤波后的Sub-6GHz信号进行放大，然后发送给第二合路器 1304。
本申请实施例中，第二合路器1304对FSK信号和位于Sub-6GHz频段的不同频点的Sub-6GHz信号进行合路，得到上行信号，根据图9可以看出，该上行信号包括f1+f2+f3+f4+433MHz。第二合路器1304将该上行信号发送给ROF光模块12。
可选的，本实施例4路远端上行链路中的Sub-6GHz滤波器的工作频段分别为fi±400MHz(i＝1,2,3,4)，其中f1＝1.2GHz、f2＝2.4GHz、f3＝3.6GHz、f4＝5.6GHz。
如图12所示，图12示出了另一种ROF光模块12的模块示意图。ROF光模块12包括扩展端1201、多个远端1202和设置在扩展端1201与各远端1202之间的光纤，扩展端1201包括依次连接的第二光探测模块和第一光波分复用器，远端1202包括依次连接的第二光波分复用器和第二光发射模块，第二光波分复用器与第一光波分复用器通过光纤连接，其中，第二光发射模块，用于对远端单元13发送的上行信号进行处理，得到第二预设波长的上行光信号，其中，第二预设波长用λ2表示；第二光波分复用器，用于将第二预设波长的上行光信号传输至第一光波分复用器；第一光波分复用器，用于从光纤传输的信号中分离出第二预设波长的上行光信号，并发送给第二光探测模块；第二光探测模块，用于将第二预设波长的上行光信号还原为上行信号，并将上行信号发送给扩展单元11。
如图8所示，图8示出了ROF光模块12的详细的结构示意图。图8中，ROF光模块12包括一个扩展单元11和8个远端1202，其中扩展单元11包括8组第二光探测模块和第一光波分复用器，远端1202包括一组依次连接的第二光波分复用器和第二光发射模块，其中，每个第一光波分复用器连接一个远端1202中的第二光波分复用器。
扩展单元11中的8个第二光探测模块的输出端分别连接至扩展单元11。
本申请实施例中，从远端单元13接收进来的上行信号包含四个频率的5G NR信号、433MHz的FSK信号，该上行信号经过第二光探测模块转换为波长为λ2的上行光信号，第二光波分复用器Bi(i＝1,2，…，8，i对应一个扩展单元11对应的第i个远端单元13)把上下行光信号合路，经过光纤传输到扩展端1201， 扩展端1201包含第一光波分复用器Ai(i＝1,2，…，8)，分出的上行光信号经过第二光探测模块转换成位于Sub-6GHz频段的上行信号，输入给扩展单元11。本实施例中取λ2＝1310nm。
如图13所示，图13示出了一种扩展单元11的模块示意图。扩展单元11包括依次连接的第三合路器、第二分路器、第二Sub-6GHz射频采样模块1108和基带模块1101，其中，第三合路器，用于对从ROF光模块12接收到的各远端单元13传输的上行信号进行合路，得到上行合路信号；第二分路器，用于将上行合路信号变为不同频点的上行电信号；第二Sub-6GHz射频采样模块1108，用于对不同频点的上行电信号进行模数转换，得到上行数字信号；基带模块1101，用于对上行数字信号进行基带信号处理。
本申请实施例中，ROF光模块12在传输上行信号时，并未对上行信号做任何处理，其仅起到了拉远传输的作用，基于此，扩展单元11接收到的多路上行信号来自于不同的远端单元13，且均包括f1+f2+f3+f4+433MHz。
如图5所示，图5示出了扩展单元11的详细的结构示意图。扩展单元11包括Sub-6GHz放大管1，第三合路器，Sub-6GHz放大管2、第二分路器、第二Sub-6GHz射频采样模块1108和基带模块1101，其中，第二分路器包括四个对应不同频点的输出端，每个输出端连接对应频点的滤波器和放大器，可选的，滤波器为Sub-6GHz滤波器，放大器为Sub-6GHz放大管，具体如图5中Sub-6GHz放大管3，该每一路上行信号输入到扩展单元11之后，首先经过Sub-6GHz放大管1进行放大，然后传输到第三合路器，由第三合路器将多路上行信号合路成上行合路信号，然后经由Sub-6GHz放大管2对上行合路信号进行放大，放大后的上行合路信号进入第二分路器，第二分路器用于将上行合路信号分为不同频点的上行电信号，即得到四路上行电信号，该四路上行电信号分别经过频点为f1、f2、f3、f4、433MHz的滤波器，从而将不同频率的信号进行滤波，四路不同频点的信号再经过Sub-6GHz放大管3放大后进入到各自的第二Sub-6GHz射频采样模块1108，完成射频到上行数字信号的转变，再进入基带模块1101进行各种基带信号处理。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程，是可以通过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成，所述的计算机程序可存储于一非易失性计算机可读取存储介质中，该计算机程序在执行时，可包括如上述各方法的实施例的流程。其中，本申请所提供的各实施例中所使用的对存储器、存储、数据库或其它介质的任何引用，均可包括非易失性和易失性存储器中的至少一种。非易失性存储器可包括只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、磁带、软盘、闪存或光存储器等。易失性存储器可包括随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)或外部高速缓冲存储器。作为说明而非局限，RAM可以是多种形式，比如静态随机存取存储器(Static Random Access Memory，SRAM)或动态随机存取存储器(Dynamic Random Access Memory，DRAM)等。
以上实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此，本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种5G毫米波基站，其特征在于，所述5G毫米波基站包括扩展单元、ROF光模块、多个远端单元以及天线；其中，
    所述扩展单元，用于对基带信号进行处理，得到下行信号；
    所述ROF光模块，用于将所述下行信号转换为下行光信号，并对所述下行光信号进行分路处理，得到多路目标下行光信号，将所述多路目标下行光信号分别进行光纤拉远，并将经过光纤拉远的所述多路目标下行光信号还原为多路所述下行信号，并将多路所述下行信号发送至多个所述远端单元；
    各所述远端单元，用于接收从所述ROF光模块传输的所述下行信号，并对所述下行信号进行处理；
    所述天线，用于发射经过处理的下行信号。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的5G毫米波基站，其特征在于，所述下行信号为位于Sub-6GHz频段的信号，所述天线为毫米波天线，其中，
    所述远端单元，具体用于对所述下行信号进行变频处理，得到毫米波信号；
    所述天线，用于发射所述毫米波信号。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的5G毫米波基站，其特征在于，所述扩展单元包括时钟模块、第一频移键控模块以及依次连接的基带模块、第一Sub-6GHz射频采样模块和第一合路器，所述时钟模块的输出端和所述第一频移键控模块的输出端分别与所述第一合路器的输入端连接，其中，
    所述基带模块，用于对所述基带信号进行处理，得到中频信号；
    所述第一Sub-6GHz射频采样模块，用于通过多个采样通道对所述中频信号进行采样，得到位于Sub-6GHz频段的不同频点的Sub-6GHz信号；
    所述时钟模块，用于向所述第一合路器提供锁相环参考信号；
    所述第一频移键控模块，用于向所述第一合路器提供控制信号；
    所述第一合路器，用于对所述锁相环参考信号、所述控制信号和位于Sub-6GHz频段的不同频点的所述Sub-6GHz信号进行合路，得到所述下行信号，并将所述下行信号发送给所述ROF光模块。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的5G毫米波基站，其特征在于，所述第一Sub-6GHz射频采样模块包括四个频点不同的采样通道，每个所述采样通道的输出端连接有对应频点的滤波器和Sub-6GHz放大器，所述Sub-6GHz放大器的输出端连接至所述第一合路器。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的5G毫米波基站，其特征在于，所述远端单元包括本振模块、功分器和与所述功分器连接的多条远端下行链路，所述远端下行链路包括下行混频器和第一上下行切换开关，所述本振模块的输出端分别连接至各所述远端下行链路的各所述下行混频器，其中，
    所述本振模块，用于对从所述ROF光模块接收到的所述下行信号进行锁相，得到对应不同频点的本振信号，将各所述本振信号分别输入至各所述下行混频器；
    所述功分器，用于将从所述ROF光模块接收到的所述下行信号功分到不同频点，得到对应不同频点的所述Sub-6GHz信号，并将不同频点的各所述Sub-6GHz信号分别发送至各所述下行混频器；
    所述下行混频器，用于基于接收到的所述本振信号对接收到的所述Sub-6GHz信号进行变频，得到所述毫米波信号，将所述毫米波信号发送给对应的所述第一上下行切换开关；
    所述第一上下行切换开关，用于将所述毫米波信号发送给所述天线。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的5G毫米波基站，其特征在于，所述本振模块包括四条本振链路，各所述本振链路包括依次连接的锁相环，放大器和功分器；其中，各所述本振链路中的所述锁相环的工作频点不同；
    所述锁相环的输入端连接至所述ROF光模块的输出端，用于对接收到的所述下行信号进行锁相，并输出对应频点的本振信号；
    所述放大器，用于对所述本振信号进行放大；
    所述功分器，包括第一输出端和第二输出端，其中，第一输出端连接至所 述下行混频器，所述第二输出端连接至上行混频器。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的5G毫米波基站，其特征在于，所述远端下行链路还包括：数字衰减器、Sub-6GHz滤波器、第一毫米波滤波器、功放器和第二毫米波混频器，其中，所述数字衰减器、所述Sub-6GHz滤波器、所述下行混频器、所述第一毫米波滤波器、所述功放器、所述第一上下行切换开关和所述第二毫米波混频器依次连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任一项所述的5G毫米波基站，其特征在于，所述ROF光模块包括扩展端、多个远端和设置在所述扩展端与各所述远端之间的光纤，其中：
    所述扩展端，用于对所述下行信号进行处理，得到第一预设波长的下行光信号，并将第一预设波长的所述下行光信号分为多路，分别通过所述光纤传输至与各所述远端；
    各所述远端，用于将接收到的所述下行光信号还原为所述下行信号，并将所述下行信号发送给与所述远端连接的远端单元。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的5G毫米波基站，其特征在于，所述扩展端包括第一光发射模块、分光器和多个第一光波分复用器，其中，每个所述第一光波分复用器通过光纤连接至一个所述远端，其中，
    所述第一光发射模块，用于对所述下行信号进行处理，得到第一预设波长的所述下行光信号；
    所述分光器，用于将第一预设波长的所述下行光信号分为多路，并将分光后的第一预设波长的所述下行光信号分别输入至各所述第一光波分复用器；
    各所述第一光波分复用器，用于通过复用所述光纤将第一预设波长的所述下行光信号发送至与所述第一光波分复用器连接的远端。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的5G毫米波基站，其特征在于，所述远端包括第 二光波分复用器和第一光探测模块，所述第二光波分复用器通过光纤与所述扩展端的输出端连接，其中，
    所述第二光波分复用器，用于从光纤传输的信号中分离出第一预设波长的所述下行光信号；
    所述第一光探测模块，用于将第一预设波长的所述下行光信号还原为所述下行信号，并将所述下行信号发送给与所述远端连接的远端单元。
  11. 一种5G毫米波基站，其特征在于，所述5G毫米波基站包括扩展单元、ROF光模块、多个远端单元以及天线；其中，
    所述天线，用于将接收到的上行射频信号发送给对应的所述远端单元；
    所述远端单元，用于对接收到的所述上行射频信号进行处理，得到上行信号，将所述上行信号发送给所述ROF光模块；
    所述ROF光模块，用于通过光纤传输各所述远端单元发送的所述上行信号，并将各所述远端单元发送的所述上行信号发送给所述扩展单元；
    所述扩展单元，用于对各所述远端单元传输的所述上行信号进行合路，得到上行合路信号，将所述上行合路信号变为不同频点的上行电信号，对不同频点的所述上行电信号进行处理。
  12. 根据权利要11所述的5G毫米波基站，其特征在于，所述天线为毫米波天线，所述上行射频信号为毫米波信号；其中，
    所述远端单元，具体用于对所述毫米波信号进行变频处理，得到位于Sub-6GHz频段所述上行信号。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的5G毫米波基站，其特征在于，所述远端单元包括本振模块、第二频移键控模块、第二合路器和与所述第二合路器连接的多个远端上行链路，其中，各所述远端上行链路中的滤波器的滤波频点不同，所述远端上行链路包括上行混频器和滤波器，所述本振模块的输出端分别连接至各所述上行混频器，所述第二频移键控模块的输出端与所述第二合路器的输入 端连接，其中，
    所述本振模块，用于获取对应不同频点的本振信号，将各所述本振信号分别输入至各所述上行混频器；
    所述上行混频器，用于基于接收到的所述本振信号对接收到的所述毫米波信号进行变频，得到位于Sub-6GHz频段初始Sub-6GHz信号；
    所述滤波器，用于对接收到的所述初始Sub-6GHz信号进行滤波，得到预设频点的Sub-6GHz信号，并将预设频点的所述Sub-6GHz信号发送给所述第二合路器；
    所述第二频移键控模块，用于向所述第二合路器提供控制信号；
    所述第二合路器，用于对所述控制信号和各所述远端上行链路的所述滤波器发送的不同频点的所述Sub-6GHz信号进行合路，得到所述上行信号，并将所述上行信号发送给所述ROF光模块。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的5G毫米波基站，其特征在于，所述远端上行链路还包括：
    功放器、第三毫米波滤波器、数字衰减器和放大器，其中，所述功放器、所述第三毫米波滤波器、所述上行混频器、所述数字衰减器、所述滤波器和所述放大器依次连接。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的5G毫米波基站，其特征在于，所述ROF光模块包括扩展端、多个远端和设置在所述扩展端与各所述远端之间的光纤，所述扩展端包括依次连接的第二光探测模块和第一光波分复用器，所述远端包括依次连接的第二光波分复用器和第二光发射模块，所述第二光波分复用器与所述第一光波分复用器通过所述光纤连接，其中，
    所述第二光发射模块，用于对所述远端单元发送的所述上行信号进行处理，得到第二预设波长的上行光信号；
    所述第二光波分复用器，用于将第二预设波长的所述上行光信号传输至所述第一光波分复用器；
    所述第一光波分复用器，用于从光纤传输的信号中分离出第二预设波长的所述上行光信号，并发送给所述第二光探测模块；
    所述第二光探测模块，用于将第二预设波长的所述上行光信号还原为所述上行信号，并将所述上行信号发送给所述扩展单元。
  16. 根据权利要求12所述的5G毫米波基站，其特征在于，所述扩展单元包括依次连接的第三合路器、第二分路器、第二Sub-6GHz射频采样模块和基带模块，其中，
    所述第三合路器，用于对从所述ROF光模块接收到的各所述远端单元传输的所述上行信号进行合路，得到所述上行合路信号；
    所述第二分路器，用于将所述上行合路信号变为不同频点的所述上行电信号；
    所述第二Sub-6GHz射频采样模块，用于对不同频点的所述上行电信号进行模数转换，得到上行数字信号；
    所述基带模块，用于对所述上行数字信号进行基带信号处理。
  17. 根据权利要求12所述的5G毫米波基站，其特征在于，所述第二分路器包括四个对应不同频点的输出端，各所述输出端连接对应频点的滤波器和放大器，所述放大器的输出端连接至所述第二Sub-6GHz射频采样模块。
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